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Hu J, Sang J, Hao F, Liu L. Association between vitamin A and asthma: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1100002. [PMID: 36794278 PMCID: PMC9922757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between vitamin A (vit A) status and risk of asthma. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were electronically searched to identify related studies that reported the association between vit A status and asthma. All databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed on R software Version 4.1.2 and STATA Version 12.0. Results: A total of 19 observational studies were included. A pooled analysis showed that the serum vit A concentrations in patients with asthma was lower than that in healthy controls (standard mean difference (SMD)= -2.479, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.719, -.239, 95% prediction interval (PI): -7.510, 2.552), and relatively higher vit A intake in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years (risk ratio (RR)= 1.181, 95% CI: 1.048, 1.331). No significant correlation was observed between serum vit A levels or vit A intake and the risk of asthma. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis confirms that serum vit A levels are lower in patients with asthma than in healthy controls. Relatively higher vit A intake during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years. There is no significant correlation between vit A intake and asthma risk in children, nor between serum vit A levels and asthma risk. The effect of vit A may depend on age or developmental stage, diet and genetics. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the association of vit A and asthma. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/CRD42022358930, identifier CRD42022358930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Sang
- Department of Tuina, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Hao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Hao, ; Li Liu,
| | - Li Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Hao, ; Li Liu,
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2
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Pang J, Luo Y, Wei D, Cao Z, Qi X, Song M, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Li B, Chen J, Wang J, Wang C. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal a Transcriptional Landscape of Human Silicosis Lungs and Provide Potential Strategies for Silicosis Treatment. Front Genet 2021; 12:652901. [PMID: 34149803 PMCID: PMC8210851 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal occupational lung disease which currently has no effective clinical cure. Recent studies examining the underlying mechanism of silicosis have primarily examined experimental models, which may not perfectly reflect the nature of human silicosis progression. A comprehensive profiling of the molecular changes in human silicosis lungs is urgently needed. Here, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on the lung tissues of 10 silicosis patients and 7 non-diseased donors. A total of 2,605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and critical pathway changes were identified in human silicosis lungs. Further, the DEGs in silicosis were compared with those in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), to extend current knowledge about the disease mechanisms and develop potential drugs. This analysis revealed both common and specific regulations in silicosis, along with several critical genes (e.g., MUC5AC and FGF10), which are potential drug targets for silicosis treatment. Drugs including Plerixafor and Retinoic acid were predicted as potential candidates in treating silicosis. Overall, this study provides the first transcriptomic fingerprint of human silicosis lungs. The comparative transcriptome analyses comprehensively characterize pathological regulations resulting from silicosis, and provide valuable cues for silicosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Transplant Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhujie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyue Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine/Others, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoguo Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baicun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Transplant Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Gally F, Sasse SK, Kurche JS, Gruca MA, Cardwell JH, Okamoto T, Chu HW, Hou X, Poirion OB, Buchanan J, Preissl S, Ren B, Colgan SP, Dowell RD, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Gerber AN. The MUC5B-associated variant rs35705950 resides within an enhancer subject to lineage- and disease-dependent epigenetic remodeling. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144294. [PMID: 33320836 PMCID: PMC7934873 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The G/T transversion rs35705950, located approximately 3 kb upstream of the MUC5B start site, is the cardinal risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we investigate the function and chromatin structure of this –3 kb region and provide evidence that it functions as a classically defined enhancer subject to epigenetic programming. We use nascent transcript analysis to show that RNA polymerase II loads within 10 bp of the G/T transversion site, definitively establishing enhancer function for the region. By integrating Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis of fresh and cultured human airway epithelial cells with nuclease sensitivity data, we demonstrate that this region is in accessible chromatin that affects the expression of MUC5B. Through applying paired single-nucleus RNA- and ATAC-seq to frozen tissue from IPF lungs, we extend these findings directly to disease, with results indicating that epigenetic programming of the –3 kb enhancer in IPF occurs in both MUC5B-expressing and nonexpressing lineages. In aggregate, our results indicate that the MUC5B-associated variant rs35705950 resides within an enhancer that is subject to epigenetic remodeling and contributes to pathologic misexpression in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gally
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan S Kurche
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Tsukasa Okamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivier B Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and.,Computer Science, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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4
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Retinoic Acid Correlates with Reduced Serum IL-10 And TGF-β in Allergic Rhinitis. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 9:399-407. [PMID: 33969133 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.9.4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Retinoic acid (RA) plays a key role in naïve T cell differentiation into FOXP3+ Treg cell in the respiratory airways. The present study aims to investigate RA and Treg-related cytokine serum levels, salivary IgA levels, FOXP3 and IL-4 gene expression, and the relationships between RA serum levels and Treg-related cytokines in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and healthy controls. Methods Salivary IgA and serum IgE, RA, IL-10, and TGF-β concentrations were measured by ELISA in 37 AR patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results IL-10 and TGF-β concentrations were significantly less in AR patients than in healthy controls (p< 0.01 and P< 0.0001, respectively). Salivary IgA was significantly greater in patients than in controls (p< 0.05). RA was not significantly different between patients and controls (p> 0.05); however, a significant positive correlation was found between serum RA and both IL-10 and TGF-β in AR patients. Conclusion Our data suggest that RA may influence AR risk via affecting the TGF-β and IL-10 production.
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5
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O'Leary C, Soriano L, Fagan-Murphy A, Ivankovic I, Cavanagh B, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. The Fabrication and in vitro Evaluation of Retinoic Acid-Loaded Electrospun Composite Biomaterials for Tracheal Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:190. [PMID: 32266229 PMCID: PMC7103641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although relatively rare, major trauma to the tracheal region of the airways poses a significant clinical challenge with few effective treatments. Bioengineering and regenerative medicine strategies have the potential to create biocompatible, implantable biomaterial scaffolds, with the capacity to restore lost tissue with functional neo-trachea. The main goal of this study was to develop a nanofibrous polycaprolactone-chitosan (PCL-Chitosan) scaffold loaded with a signaling molecule, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), as a novel biomaterial approach for tracheal tissue engineering. Using the Spraybase® electrospinning platform, polymer concentration, solvent selection, and instrument parameters were optimized to yield a co-polymer with nanofibers of 181-197 nm in diameter that mimicked tracheobronchial tissue architecture. Thereafter, scaffolds were assessed for their biocompatibility and capacity to induce mucociliary functionalization using the Calu-3 cell line. PCL-Chitosan scaffolds were found to be biocompatible in nature and support Calu-3 cell viability over a 14 day time period. Additionally, the inclusion of atRA did not compromise Calu-3 cell viability, while still achieving an efficient encapsulation of the signaling molecule over a range of atRA concentrations. atRA release from scaffolds led to an increase in mucociliary gene expression at high scaffold loading doses, with augmented MUC5AC and FOXJ1 detected by RT-PCR. Overall, this scaffold integrates a synthetic polymer that has been used in human tracheal stents, a natural polymer generally regarded as safe (GRAS), and a drug with decades of use in patients. Coupled with the scalable nature of electrospinning as a fabrication method, all of these characteristics make the biomaterial outlined in this study amenable as an implantable device for an unmet clinical need in tracheal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Soriano
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan Fagan-Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivana Ivankovic
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Center for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Center for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Bauer AK, Umer M, Richardson VL, Cumpian AM, Harder AQ, Khosravi N, Azzegagh Z, Hara NM, Ehre C, Mohebnasab M, Caetano MS, Merrick DT, van Bokhoven A, Wistuba II, Kadara H, Dickey BF, Velmurugan K, Mann PR, Lu X, Barón AE, Evans CM, Moghaddam SJ. Requirement for MUC5AC in KRAS-dependent lung carcinogenesis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120941. [PMID: 30089720 PMCID: PMC6129115 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 150,000 deaths per year in the US alone, lung cancer has the highest number of deaths for any cancer. These poor outcomes reflect a lack of treatment for the most common form of lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most prevalent subtype of NSCLC, with the main oncogenic drivers being KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Whereas EGFR blockade has led to some success in lung ADC, effective KRAS inhibition is lacking. KRAS-mutant ADCs are characterized by high levels of gel-forming mucin expression, with the highest mucin levels corresponding to worse prognoses. Despite these well-recognized associations, little is known about roles for individual gel-forming mucins in ADC development causatively. We hypothesized that MUC5AC/Muc5ac, a mucin gene known to be commonly expressed in NSCLC, is crucial in KRAS/Kras-driven lung ADC. We found that MUC5AC was a significant determinant of poor prognosis, especially in patients with KRAS-mutant tumors. In addition, by using mice with lung ADC induced chemically with urethane or transgenically by mutant-Kras expression, we observed significantly reduced tumor development in animals lacking Muc5ac compared with controls. Collectively, these results provide strong support for MUC5AC as a potential therapeutic target for lung ADC, a disease with few effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K. Bauer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Misha Umer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Richardson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber M. Cumpian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Q. Harder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zoulikha Azzegagh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naoko M. Hara
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maedeh Mohebnasab
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauricio S. Caetano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel T. Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kalpana Velmurugan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Patrick R. Mann
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xian Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna E. Barón
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Alves RN, Sundell KS, Anjos L, Sundh H, Harboe T, Norberg B, Power DM. Structural and functional maturation of skin during metamorphosis in the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:469-492. [PMID: 29464365 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To establish if the developmental changes in the primary barrier and osmoregulatory capacity of Atlantic halibut skin are modified during metamorphosis, histological, histochemical, gene expression and electrophysiological measurements were made. The morphology of the ocular and abocular skin started to diverge during the metamorphic climax and ocular skin appeared thicker and more stratified. Neutral mucins were the main glycoproteins produced by the goblet cells in skin during metamorphosis. Moreover, the number of goblet cells producing neutral mucins increased during metamorphosis and asymmetry in their abundance was observed between ocular and abocular skin. The increase in goblet cell number and their asymmetric abundance in skin was concomitant with the period that thyroid hormones (THs) increase and suggests that they may be under the control of these hormones. Several mucin transcripts were identified in metamorphosing halibut transcriptomes and Muc18 and Muc5AC were characteristic of the body skin. Na+, K+-ATPase positive (NKA) cells were observed in skin of all metamorphic stages but their number significantly decreased with the onset of metamorphosis. No asymmetry was observed between ocular and abocular skin in NKA cells. The morphological changes observed were linked to modified skin barrier function as revealed by modifications in its electrophysiological properties. However, the maturation of the skin functional characteristics preceded structural maturation and occurred at stage 8 prior to the metamorphic climax. Treatment of Atlantic halibut with the THs disrupter methimazole (MMI) affected the number of goblet cells producing neutral mucins and the NKA cells. The present study reveals that the asymmetric development of the skin in Atlantic halibut is TH sensitive and is associated with metamorphosis and that this barrier's functional properties mature earlier and are independent of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Alves
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina S Sundell
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Henrik Sundh
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torstein Harboe
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Birgitta Norberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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8
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Cha HJ, Song KS. Effect of MUC8 on Airway Inflammation: A Friend or a Foe? J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7020026. [PMID: 29415487 PMCID: PMC5852442 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we compile identifying molecular mechanisms of MUC8 gene expression and studies characterizing the physiological functions of MUC8 in the airway and analyzing how altered MUC8 gene expression in the lung is affected by negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34 Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Seob Song
- Department of Physiology, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34 Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea.
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9
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Development and optimization of a differentiated airway epithelial cell model of the bovine respiratory tract. Sci Rep 2018; 8:853. [PMID: 29339818 PMCID: PMC5770467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are subject to economically-important respiratory tract infections by various bacterial and viral pathogens and there is an urgent need for the development of more realistic in vitro models of the bovine respiratory tract to improve our knowledge of disease pathogenesis. In the present study, we have optimized the culture conditions in serum-free medium that allow bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs) grown at an air-liquid interface to differentiate into a three-dimensional epithelium that is highly representative of the bovine airway. Epidermal growth factor was required to trigger both proliferation and differentiation of BBECs whilst retinoic acid was also essential for mucociliary differentiation. Triiodothyronine was demonstrated not to be important for the differentiation of BBECs. Oxygen concentration had a minimal effect although optimal ciliation was achieved when BBECs were cultured at 14% oxygen tension. Insert pore-density had a significant effect on the growth and differentiation of BBECs; a high-pore-density was required to trigger optimum differentiation. The established BBEC model will have wide-ranging applications for the study of bacterial and viral infections of the bovine respiratory tract; it will contribute to the development of improved vaccines and therapeutics and will reduce the use of cattle in in vivo experimentation.
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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Abstract
The epigenetic phenomena refer to heritable changes in gene expression other than those in the DNA sequence, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Major research progress in the last few years has provided further proof that environmental factors, including diet and nutrition, can influence physiologic and pathologic processes through epigenetic alterations, which in turn influence gene expression. This influence is termed nutritional epigenetics, and one prominent example is the regulation of gene transcription by vitamin A through interaction to its nuclear receptor. Vitamin A is critical throughout life. Together with its derivatives, it regulates diverse processes including reproduction, embryogenesis, vision, growth, cellular differentiation and proliferation, maintenance of epithelial cellular integrity and immune function. Here we review the epigenetic role of vitamin A in cancer, stem cells differentiation, proliferation, and immunity. The data presented here show that retinoic acid is a potent agent capable of inducing alterations in epigenetic modifications that produce various effects on the phenotype. Medical benefits of vitamin A as an epigenetic modulator, especially with respect to its chronic use as nutritional supplement, should rely on our further understanding of its epigenetic effects during health and disease, as well as through different generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Bar-El Dadon
- a The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Ram Reifen
- a The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
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12
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Popper HH. Cons: the confusing mucinous adenocarcinoma classification. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:234-240. [PMID: 28529906 PMCID: PMC5420532 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut H Popper
- Research Unit Molecular Lung & Pleura Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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O'Leary C, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Retinoic Acid-Loaded Collagen-Hyaluronate Scaffolds: A Bioactive Material for Respiratory Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1381-1393. [PMID: 33429696 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clinical interventions for extensive tissue injury to the larger airways remain limited. Recently, respiratory tissue engineering strategies have emerged with a variety of biomimetic materials and tissue constructs to address these limitations, though rapid epithelialization of the construct with mucociliary function is still largely unresolved. The overall objective of this study was to manufacture an all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-loaded bilayered collagen-hyaluronate (atRA-B) scaffold as a platform technology for tracheal tissue regeneration. atRA-loaded scaffolds were fabricated using a customized lyophilization process and characterized for drug loading and release properties using HPLC, followed by validation of their bioactivity using human primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells. atRA-loaded materials were reproducibly manufactured and exhibited the release of atRA following their hydration over 8-28 h that was significantly affected by collagen cross-linking. An optimal formulation consisting of 10 μg/mL atRA in a collagen-hyaluronate suspension to manufacture the scaffold film layer was identified and used to develop the atRA-B scaffold. Immunofluorescence studies and RT-PCR revealed that the atRA-loaded biomaterials increased the expression of two epithelial markers of mucociliary differentiation, MUC5AC and β-tubulin IV, via upregulation of MUC5AC and FOXJ1 genes, both in epithelial monoculture and in a 3D scaffold coculture system with lung fibroblasts. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the atRA-B scaffold can enhance functional epithelialization in primary tracheobronchial cells and can potentially pioneer the development of a novel and biocompatible device to address a currently unmet clinical need in tracheal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Leary
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Gao C, Fu Q, Su B, Zhou S, Liu F, Song L, Zhang M, Ren Y, Dong X, Tan F, Li C. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the signatures of intestinal barrier alteration and pathogen entry in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) following Vibrio anguillarum challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:159-168. [PMID: 27431928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system serves as the frontline barriers of host defense against pathogen infection, especially for the fishes, which are living in the pathogen rich aquatic environment. The intestine constitutes the largest surface body area in constantly contact with the external pathogens, and plays a vital role in the immune defense against inflammation and pathogen infection. Previous studies have revealed that fish intestine might serves as the portal of entry for Vibrio anguillarum. To characterize the immune actors and their associated immune activities in turbot intestine barrier during bacterial infection, here we examined the gene expression profiles of turbot intestine at three time points following experimental infection with V. anguillarum utilizing RNA-seq technology. A total of 122 million reads were assembled into 183,101 contigs with an average length of 1151 bp and the N50 size of 2302 bp. Analysis of differential gene expression between control and infected samples at 1 h, 4 h, and 12 h revealed 2079 significantly expressed genes. Enrichment and pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed the centrality of the pathogen attachment and recognition, antioxidant/apoptosis, mucus barrier modification and immune activation/inflammation in the pathogen entry and host immune responses. The present study reported the novel gene expression patterns in turbot mucosal immunity, which were overlooked in previous studies. Our results can help to understand the mechanisms of turbot host defense, and may also provide foundation to identify the biomarkers for future selection of disease-resistant broodstock and evaluation of disease prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Gao
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fengqiao Liu
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lin Song
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yichao Ren
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fenghua Tan
- School of International Education and Exchange, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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15
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Ablamowicz AF, Nichols JJ. Ocular Surface Membrane-Associated Mucins. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:331-41. [PMID: 27154035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface epithelial cells produce and secrete mucins that form a hydrophilic barrier for protection and lubrication of the eye. This barrier, the glycocalyx, is formed by high molecular weight heavily glycosylated membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) that include MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16. These mucins extend into the tear film from the anterior surfaces of the conjunctiva and cornea, and, through interactions with galectin-3, prevent penetrance of pathogens into the eye. Due primarily to the glycosylation of the mucins, the glycocalyx also creates less friction during blinking and enables the tear film to maintain wetting of the eye. The secretory mucins include soluble MUC7 and gel-forming MUC5AC. These mucins, particularly MUC5AC, assist with removal of debris from the tear film and contribute to the hydrophilicity of the tear film. While new methodologies and cell culture models have expanded our understanding of mucin structure and function on the ocular surface, there is still a paucity of studies characterizing the glycosylation of MAMs on a normal ocular surface and a diseased ocular surface. Although studies have shown alterations in mucin production and expression in dry eye diseases, the relationship between changes in mucins and functional consequences is unclear. This review focuses on comparing what is known about MAMs in wet-surfaced epithelia of the body to what has been studied on the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Ablamowicz
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason J Nichols
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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16
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Melo van Lent D, Leermakers ETM, Darweesh SKL, Moreira EM, Tielemans MJ, Muka T, Vitezova A, Chowdhury R, Bramer WM, Brusselle GG, Felix JF, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Franco OH. The effects of lutein on respiratory health across the life course: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 13:e1-e7. [PMID: 28531562 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutein, a fat-soluble carotenoid present in green leafy vegetables and eggs, has strong antioxidant properties and could therefore be important for respiratory health. DESIGN We systematically reviewed the literature for articles that evaluated associations of lutein (intake, supplements or blood levels) with respiratory outcomes, published in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, up to August 2014. RESULTS We identified one Randomized Control Trial (RCT), two longitudinal, four prospective and six cross-sectional studies. The individual studies obtained a Quality Score ranging between 3 and 9. Six studies were performed in children, which examined bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), asthma and wheezing. In adults, 7 studies investigated asthma, respiratory function and respiratory mortality. The RCT found a borderline significant effect of lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation in neonates on the risk of BPD (OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.15; 1.17). No association was found between lutein intake or levels and respiratory outcomes in children. A case-control study in adults showed lower lutein levels in asthma cases. Three studies, with a prospective or longitudinal study design, in adults found a small but a significant positive association between lutein intake or levels and respiratory function. No association was found in the other two studies. In relation to respiratory mortality, one longitudinal study showed that higher lutein blood levels were associated with a decreased mortality (HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.60; 0.99), per SD increase in lutein). CONCLUSION The published literature suggests a possible positive association between lutein and respiratory health. However, the literature is scarce and most studies are of observational nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vitezova
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Kalashnikova I, Albekairi N, Ali S, Al Enazy S, Rytting E. Cell Culture Models for Drug Transport Studies. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Min KA, Rosania GR, Shin MC. Human Airway Primary Epithelial Cells Show Distinct Architectures on Membrane Supports Under Different Culture Conditions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:191-203. [PMID: 26818810 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate drug development for lung delivery, it is highly demanding to establish appropriate airway epithelial cell models as transport barriers to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of drug molecules. Besides the cancer-derived cell lines, as the primary cell model, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells have been used for drug screenings because of physiological relevance to in vivo. Therefore, to accurately interpret drug transport data in NHBE measured by different laboratories, it is important to know biophysical characteristics of NHBE grown on membranes in different culture conditions. In this study, NHBE was grown on the polyester membrane in a different medium and its transport barrier properties as well as cell architectures were fully characterized by functional assays and confocal imaging throughout the days of cultures. Moreover, NHBE cells on inserts in a different medium were subject to either of air-interfaced culture (AIC) or liquid-covered culture (LCC) condition. Cells in the AIC condition were cultivated on the membrane with medium in the basolateral side only, whereas cells with medium in apical and basolateral sides under the LCC condition. Quantitative microscopic imaging with biophysical examination revealed distinct multilayered architectures of differentiated NHBE cells, suggesting NHBE as functional cell barriers for the lung-targeting drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Fan X, Liu S, Liu G, Zhao J, Jiao H, Wang X, Song Z, Lin H. Vitamin A Deficiency Impairs Mucin Expression and Suppresses the Mucosal Immune Function of the Respiratory Tract in Chicks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139131. [PMID: 26422233 PMCID: PMC4589363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken immune system is immature at the time of hatching. The development of the respiratory immune system after hatching is vital to young chicks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A supplement levels on respiratory mucin and IgA production in chicks. In this study, 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of three replicates of 10 broilers and subjected to dietary vitamin A supplement levels of 0, 1,500, 6,000, or 12,000 IU/kg for seven days. Compared with control birds, vitamin A supplementation significantly increased the mucin and IgA levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as the IgA level in serum. In the lungs, vitamin A supplementation downregulated TNF-α and EGFR mRNA expression. The TGF-β and MUC5AC mRNA expression levels were upregulated by vitamin A supplementation at a dose of 6,000 IU/kg, and the IL-13 mRNA expression level was increased at the 12,000 IU/kg supplement level. Vitamin A deficiency (control) significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of MUC2, IgA, EGFR, IL-13 and TGF-β in trachea tissue. Histological section analysis revealed that the number of goblet cells in the tracheal epithelium was less in the 0 and 12,000 IU/kg vitamin A supplement groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency suppressed the immunity of the airway by decreasing the IgA and mucin concentrations in neonatal chicks. This study suggested that a suitable level of vitamin A is essential for the secretion of IgA and mucin in the respiratory tract by regulating the gene expression of cytokines and epithelial growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (ZS)
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (ZS)
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20
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Baxter A, Thain S, Banerjee A, Haswell L, Parmar A, Phillips G, Minet E. Targeted omics analyses, and metabolic enzyme activity assays demonstrate maintenance of key mucociliary characteristics in long term cultures of reconstituted human airway epithelia. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:864-75. [PMID: 25863282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
3D reconstituted respiratory epithelia have emerged as better in vitro models for toxicological testing compared to cell lines due to the conservation of key morphological features and functions. MucilAir™ is a commercially available human airway epithelia system that can potentially maintain functional attributes for up to a year, however, detailed mucociliary characteristics and xenobiotic metabolism relevant to inhaled pro-toxicant bioactivation is lacking. Here, we assessed in MucilAir™ some key biomarkers that are characteristic of the respiratory epithelia including morphology, function and xenobiotics metabolism. The end points that were measured included targeted proteomics using a panel of 243 airway surface liquid (ASL) proteins, cilia beat frequency (CBF), a qRT-PCR screen of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, and CYP2A6/13, CYP1A1/1B1 activity. Comparison of ASL proteomics with human sputum identified key proteins common to both matrices, but present at different levels. Xenobiotic metabolism gene profiling demonstrated strong similarities with the normal human lung and did not reveal any consistent changes when assessed over a 6 month period. Inducibility and activity of CYP1A1/1B1 and activity of CYP2A6/2A13 were present at one month in culture and maintained in one tested MucilAir™ donor for several months. In conclusion, MucilAir™ presented important morphological and metabolic characteristics of a mucociliary epithelium in short and long term culture. MucilAir™ is therefore a potentially useful model to test repeated sub-cytotoxic doses of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baxter
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Simon Thain
- BAT, Group Research and Development Cambridge, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WA, UK
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Linsey Haswell
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Aleesha Parmar
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Gary Phillips
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Emmanuel Minet
- BAT, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
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Thornton KA, Mora-Plazas M, Marín C, Villamor E. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with gastrointestinal and respiratory morbidity in school-age children. J Nutr 2014; 144:496-503. [PMID: 24500929 PMCID: PMC3952623 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is an important cause of morbidity throughout childhood. Poor micronutrient status is a risk factor for infection-related morbidity in young children, but it is not clear whether these associations persist during school-age years. We examined the relation between blood concentrations of micronutrient status biomarkers and risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory morbidity in a prospective study of 2774 children aged 5-12 y from public schools in Bogotá, Colombia. Retinol, zinc, ferritin, mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, erythrocyte folate, and vitamin B-12 concentrations were measured in blood at enrollment into the cohort. Children were followed for 1 academic year for incidence of morbidity, including diarrhea with vomiting, cough with fever, earache or ear discharge with fever, and doctor visits. Compared with adequate vitamin A status (≥30.0 μg/dL), vitamin A deficiency (<10.0 μg/dL) was associated with increased risk of diarrhea with vomiting [unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR): 2.17; 95% CI: 0.95, 4.96; P-trend = 0.03] and cough with fever (unadjusted IRR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.30, 4.31; P-trend = 0.05). After adjustment for several sociodemographic characteristics and hemoglobin concentrations, every 10 μg/dL plasma retinol was associated with 18% fewer days of diarrhea with vomiting (P < 0.001), 10% fewer days of cough with fever (P < 0.001), and 6% fewer doctor visits (P = 0.01). Every 1 g/dL of hemoglobin was related to 17% fewer days with ear infection symptoms (P < 0.001) and 5% fewer doctor visits (P = 0.009) after controlling for sociodemographic factors and retinol concentrations. Zinc, ferritin, mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte folate, and vitamin B-12 status were not associated with morbidity or doctor visits. Vitamin A and hemoglobin concentrations were inversely related to rates of morbidity in school-age children. Whether vitamin A supplementation reduces the risk or severity of infection in children over 5 y of age needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Thornton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mercedes Mora-Plazas
- Foundation for Research in Nutrition and Health (FINUSAD), Bogotá, Colombia; and
| | - Constanza Marín
- Foundation for Research in Nutrition and Health (FINUSAD), Bogotá, Colombia; and
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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22
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Math1, retinoic acid, and TNF-α synergistically promote the differentiation of mucous cells in mouse middle ear epithelial cells in vitro. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:259-65. [PMID: 23783432 PMCID: PMC3766487 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key issue in otitis media (OM) is mucous cell metaplasia in the middle ear mucosa, a condition for hyperproduction of mucus in the middle ear mucosa and development of chronic OM. However, little is known about the driving force for the differentiation of mucous cells in OM. METHODS Mouse middle ear epithelial cells (mMEECs) were used in this study to test whether Math1, a critical transcription factor for the development of mucous cells in the intestine, synergizes with inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and other epithelial differentiation factors (retinoid acid (RA)) to induce the differentiation of mMEECs into mucus-like cells in vitro. Simultaneously, Math1 was transduced into the middle ear mucosa in order to observe whether it induces mucous cell hyperplasia in vivo. RESULTS Math1 significantly increased the mucus cell numbers in the middle ear mucosa of mice. Math1, in the presence of TNF-α and epithelial differentiation factor RA, synergistically promoted the differentiation of mMEECs into mucus-like cells through upregulation of mucins and their chaperones: trefoil factors in vitro. RA treatment for 12 h activated Math1, although RA alone had very limited effects on mucus-like cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Math1 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of OM by induction of mucous cell differentiation in the presence of TNF-α and RA.
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23
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Peatman E, Li C, Peterson BC, Straus DL, Farmer BD, Beck BH. Basal polarization of the mucosal compartment in Flavobacterium columnare susceptible and resistant channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Mol Immunol 2013; 56:317-27. [PMID: 23895942 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater bacterial pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, infects a variety of ornamental and farmed fish species worldwide through mucosal attachment points on the gill and skin. While previous studies have demonstrated a chemotactic response of F. columnare to fish mucus, little is known about how host gill mucosal molecular and cellular constituents may impact rates of adhesion, tissue invasion, and ultimately, mortality. Here, we describe the use of RNA-seq to profile gill expression differences between channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) differing in their susceptibility to F. columnare both basally (before infection) and at three early timepoints post-infection (1 h, 2 h, and 8 h). After sequencing and de novo assembly of over 350 million 100 base-pair transcript reads, between group comparisons revealed 1714 unique genes differentially expressed greater than 1.5-fold at one or more timepoints. In the large dataset, we focused our analysis on basal differential expression between resistant and susceptible catfish as these genes could potentially reveal genetic and/or environmental factors linked with differential rates of infection. A number of critical innate immune components including iNOS2b, lysozyme C, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were constitutively higher in resistant catfish gill, while susceptible fish showed high expression levels of secreted mucin forms, a rhamnose-binding lectin previously linked to susceptibility, and mucosal immune factors such as CD103 and IL-17. Taken together, the immune and mucin profiles obtained by RNA-seq suggest a basal polarization in the gill mucosa, with susceptible fish possessing a putative mucosecretory, toleragenic phenotype which may predispose them to F. columnare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peatman
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Kokubun K, Pankajakshan D, Kim MJ, Agrawal DK. Differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells into epithelial cells as a potential therapeutic application to facilitate epithelial regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E73-83. [PMID: 23696537 DOI: 10.1002/term.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial denudation is one of the characteristics of chronic asthma. To restore its functions, the airway epithelium has to rapidly repair the injuries and regenerate its structure and integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into many cell lineages. However, the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells has not been fully studied. Here, we examined the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells using three different media compositions with various growth supplementations. The MSCs were isolated from porcine bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation. The isolated MSCs were CD11(-) CD34(-) CD45(-) CD44(+) CD90(+) and CD105(+) by immunostaining and flow cytometry. MSCs were stimulated with EpiGRO (Millipore), BEpiCM (ScienCell) and AECGM (PromoCell) media for 5 and 10 days, and epithelial differentiation was assessed by qPCR (keratin 14, 18 and EpCAM), fluorometry (cytokeratin 7-8, cytokeratin 14-15-16-19 and EpCAM), western blot analysis (pancytokeratin, EpCAM) and flow cytometry (cytokeratin 7-8, cytokeratin 14-15-16-19 and EpCAM). The functional marker MUC1 was also assessed after 10 days of air-liquid interface (ALI) culture in optimized media. Cells cultured in BEpiCM containing fibroblast growth factor and prostaglandin E2 showed the highest expression of the epithelial markers: CK7-8 (85.90%); CK-14-15-16-19 (10.14%); and EpCAM (64.61%). The cells also expressed functional marker MUC1 after ALI culture. The differentiated MSCs when cultured in BEpiCM medium ex vivo in a bioreactor on a decellularized trachea for 10 days retained the epithelial-like phenotype. In conclusion, porcine bone marrow-derived MSCs demonstrate commitment to the epithelial lineage and might be a potential therapy for facilitating the repair of denuded airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Kokubun
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Divya Pankajakshan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Wojtal KA, Wolfram L, Frey-Wagner I, Lang S, Scharl M, Vavricka SR, Rogler G. The effects of vitamin A on cells of innate immunity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1525-32. [PMID: 23562973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid treatment is suggested to promote development of inflammatory bowel disease, although preclinical studies are not supportive. We evaluated the effect of retinoids on cytokine response in in vitro-differentiated human dendritic cells (ivDCs) and macrophages (ivMACs) derived from healthy human donors and in cultured human THP-1 cells. Effect on human intestinal epithelial cell integrity was also assessed. Each cell type was incubated (±lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis-RA (isotretinoin) and 4-oxo-13-cis-RA. Cytokine analysis was performed by array analysis. Cultured human endothelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were incubated with these retinoids and media analyzed for leakage by spectrofluorometric analysis. ATRA consistently and significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β. All retinoids tested stimulated release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-10, and also monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and eotaxin-1. Incubation with retinoids did not significantly alter the permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. Pre-treatment of each cell type with retinoids promoted an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile with only minimal effect on intestinal epithelial cell permeability; consistent with in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper A Wojtal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University-Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Interest in vitamin A as a regulator of immune function goes back to the early 1900s. Recently, several lines of evidence have converged to show that retinoic acid (RA), a major oxidative metabolite of vitamin A, plays a key role in the differentiation of T cell subsets, the migration of T cells into tissues, and the proper development of T cell-dependent antibody responses. This review discusses evidence from experimental studies that RA promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells, which help to suppress inflammatory reactions, and plays a significant role in normal mucosal immunity by modulating T cell activation and regulating cell trafficking. RA also promotes antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigens. Conversely, in a state of vitamin A deficiency, inflammatory T cell reactions may be inadequately opposed and therefore become dominant. Although data from human studies are still needed, the framework now developed from studies in mice and rat models suggests that adequate vitamin A status, whether derived from ingestion of preformed retinol or β-carotene, is important for maintaining a proper balance of well-regulated T cell functions and for preventing excessive or prolonged inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Macrophages are related to goblet cell hyperplasia and induce MUC5B but not MUC5AC in human bronchus epithelial cells. J Transl Med 2012; 92:937-48. [PMID: 22391959 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH)--detectable by mucin staining--and abnormal macrophage infiltrate are pathological features present in many chronic respiratory disorders. However, it is unknown if both factors are associated. Using in-vivo and in-vitro models, we investigated whether macrophages are related with GCH and changes in mucin immunophenotypes. Lung sections from Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 48 h with one intra-tracheal dose of PBS or LPS (n=4-6 per group) were immunophenotyped for rat-goblet cells, immune, and proliferation markers. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were pre-treated with or without LPS, immunophenotyped, and their supernatant, as well as cytokines at levels equivalent to supernatant were used to challenge primary culture of normal human bronchus epithelial cells (HBEC) in air-liquid interface, followed by MUC5B and MUC5AC mucin immunostaining. An association between increased bronchiolar goblet cells and terminal-bronchiolar proliferative epithelial cells confirmed the presence of GCH in our LPS rat model, which was related with augmented bronchiolar CD68 macrophage infiltration. The in-vitro experiments have shown that MUC5AC phenotype was inhibited when HBEC were challenged with supernatant from MDM pre-treated with or without LPS. In contrast, TNF-α and interleukin-1β at levels equivalent to supernatant from LPS-treated MDM increased MUC5AC. MUC5B was induced by LPS, supernatant from LPS-treated MDM, a mix of cytokines including TNF-α and TNF-α alone at levels present in supernatant from LPS-treated MDM. We demonstrated that macrophages are related with bronchiolar GCH, and that they induced MUC5B and inhibited MUC5AC in HBEC, suggesting a role for them in the pathogenesis of airway MUC5B-related GCH.
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Kim SC, Lee HJ, Joo JH, Yoon JH, Choi JY. Vitamin A deficiency induces fluid hyposecretion from the airway submucosal glands of mice. J Nutr 2012; 142:739-43. [PMID: 22399523 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) alters the phenotype of airway epithelium and attenuates the epithelial defense system, and many studies have reported the association of VAD with respiratory disease. In this study, we investigated changes in submucosal glands (SMG) in a mouse model of VAD. C57BL/6 mice were fed a vitamin A-devoid diet and the others were fed a control diet (1.2 mg retinol/kg). The areas of serous and mucous cells of SMG were measured in 4-, 8-, and 20-wk-old male mice. The volume and lysozyme concentration of glandular secretions were also measured. The 2 groups did not differ in body weight or general morbidity at 3-10 wk of age, although serum retinol concentrations were greater in the control mice than in the VAD mice after 4 wk. Upon histological evaluation, we found that the areal ratio of serous cells:total SMG cells was significantly lower after 8 wk in the VAD mice compared with the control mice, although the total area of SMG did not differ between groups throughout the 20-wk experiment. The number of secretory bubbles did not differ between the groups, but total secretion volume was reduced by 35% in 8-wk-old VAD mice compared with controls. Furthermore, the concentration of lysozyme in secretions from 8-wk-old VAD mice was also less than in controls, compounding the effect of diminished secretion volume. In this study, we found serous cell hypotrophy/hypoplasia and dysfunction in VAD mice, which may contribute to the susceptibility to airway infection linked to VAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Rossi G, Gasser B, Sartori G, Migaldi M, Costantini M, Mengoli MC, Piccioli S, Cavazza A, Rivasi F. MUC5AC, cytokeratin 20 and HER2 expression and K-RAS mutations within mucinogenic growth in congenital pulmonary airway malformations. Histopathology 2012; 60:1133-43. [PMID: 22348416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the expression of several mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC and MUC6), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 2 (HER2), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and the presence of mutations of EGFR, KRAS and HER2 in congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM). METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one cases of CPAM and six pulmonary sequestrations were included. TTF-1 expression was observed in all cases but was not seen in mucinogenic growths in CPAM. CDX2 expression was completely negative. MUC1 expression was noted in 12 (29%) CPAM and in 33% sequestrations. MUC5AC was noted in only five cases (26%) by immunohistochemistry and was found in the mucinogenic proliferations of type 1 CPAM. No immunolabelling was noted for the other mucins. EGFR was expressed variably in almost all cases, while HER2 and CK20 was seen exclusively in the mucinogenic proliferations. All mucinous growths were characterized by KRAS mutations. No EGFR and HER2 gene alterations were identified. CONCLUSIONS KRAS mutations and MUC5AC, CK20 and HER2 expression was seen in all mucinogenic proliferations, supporting the neoplastic nature of these cytologically bland growths. These findings emphasize the importance of complete surgical resection of such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rossi
- Section of Pathologic Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy.
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Triiodothyronine represses MUC5AC expression by antagonizing Sp1 binding to its promoter in human bronchial epithelial HBE16 cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:648170. [PMID: 22500101 PMCID: PMC3303580 DOI: 10.1155/2012/648170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a distinguished feature of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Interestingly, in this condition thyroid function is impaired with decreased level of triiodothyronine (T3), indicating potential link between low level of T3 and mucus hypersecretion. But the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study we aimed to elucidate the effect of T3 on MUC5AC secretion in human bronchial epithelial HBE16 cells and further investigate how T3 regulates MUC5AC gene expression at transcriptional level. By RT-PCR and ELISA we showed that T3 inhibited MUC5AC mRNA expression and protein secretion in HBE16 cells. Furthermore, luciferase assay and site-directed mutagenesis analysis demonstrated that T3 repressed MUC5AC expression at transcriptional level and the mechanism might partly lie in the specific inhibition of Sp1 binding to the promoter. Our results suggest that decreased T3 level leads to the release of repression of MUC5AC expression and thus contributes to mucus hypersecretion.
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Polosukhin VV, Cates JM, Lawson WE, Zaynagetdinov R, Milstone AP, Massion PP, Ocak S, Ware LB, Lee JW, Bowler RP, Kononov AV, Randell SH, Blackwell TS. Bronchial secretory immunoglobulin a deficiency correlates with airway inflammation and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:317-27. [PMID: 21512171 PMCID: PMC3265275 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201010-1629oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although airway inflammation can persist for years after smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the mechanisms of persistent inflammation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated relationships between bronchial epithelial remodeling, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression, secretory IgA (SIgA), airway inflammation, and mural remodeling in COPD. METHODS Lung tissue specimens and bronchoalveolar lavage were obtained from lifetime nonsmokers and former smokers with or without COPD. Epithelial structural changes were quantified by morphometric analysis. Expression of pIgR was determined by immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed for IgA, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, and cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus antigens. Total IgA and SIgA were measured by ELISA and IgA transcytosis was studied using cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Areas of bronchial mucosa covered by normal pseudostratified ciliated epithelium were characterized by pIgR expression with SIgA present on the mucosal surface. In contrast, areas of bronchial epithelial remodeling had reduced pIgR expression, localized SIgA deficiency, and increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte infiltration. In small airways (<2 mm), these changes were associated with presence of herpesvirus antigens, airway wall remodeling, and airflow limitation in patients with COPD. Patients with COPD had reduced SIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage. Air-liquid interface epithelial cell cultures revealed that complete epithelial differentiation was required for normal pIgR expression and IgA transcytosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that epithelial structural abnormalities lead to localized SIgA deficiency in COPD airways. Impaired mucosal immunity may contribute to persistent airway inflammation and progressive airway remodeling in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
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Miller C, George S, Niklason L. Developing a tissue-engineered model of the human bronchiole. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 4:619-27. [PMID: 20603896 DOI: 10.1002/term.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are always looking for new tools to better mimic human anatomy and physiology, especially to study chronic respiratory disease. Airway remodelling is a predominant feature in asthma and occurs in conjunction with chronic airway inflammation. Both the inflammatory and repair processes alter the airway wall which is marked by anatomical, physiological and functional changes. A tissue-engineered model of bronchiole remodelling presents a novel approach to investigating the initiation and progression of airway remodelling. By developing a unique bioreactor system, cylindrical-shaped bronchioles constructed from well-characterized human lung primary cells have been engineered and examined with a much greater control over experimental variables. We have grown human bronchioles composed of fibroblasts, airway smooth muscle cells, small airway epithelial cells and extracellular matrices. The various cell types are in close proximity to one another for cell-cell signalling and matrix interactions. The cylindrical geometry of the tissue applies radial distension for mechanotransduction and the air interface provides a natural environment for the epithelial cells. Optimal cell density, extracellular matrix concentration and media composition were determined. Immunohistochemistry verified bronchiole phenotypic stability. Quiescence was gauged by protein expression which verified a change in phenotype after the initial fabrication stage and implementation of the air interface. A fabrication timeline was devised for repeatable bronchiole fabrication and to understand tissue contraction and cell-seeding duration. The stability of the bronchiole structures and their cellular composition lends these bronchioles to study cell-cell interactions and remodelling events while maintaining in vivo geometrical dimensions and relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
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Kim HJ, Kim CH, Ryu JH, Joo JH, Lee SN, Kim MJ, Lee JG, Bae YS, Yoon JH. Crosstalk between platelet-derived growth factor-induced Nox4 activation and MUC8 gene overexpression in human airway epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1039-52. [PMID: 21255638 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to chronic airway inflammation, and NADPH oxidase (Nox) is an important source of ROS. However, little is known of the role that ROS play in chronic upper respiratory tract inflammation. We investigated the mechanism of ROS generation and its association with mucin gene overexpression in the nasal epithelium. The level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) expression was increased in sinusitis mucosa, and high-level PDGF expression induced intracellular ROS, followed by MUC8 gene overexpression in normal human nasal epithelial cells. Knockdown of Nox4 expression with Nox4 siRNA decreased PDGF-induced intracellular ROS and MUC8 expression. Infection with an adenovirus containing Nox4 cDNA resulted in Nox4 overexpression and increased intracellular levels of ROS and MUC8 expression. PDGF and Nox4 overexpression are essential components of intracellular ROS generation and may contribute to chronic inflammation in the nasal epithelium through induction of MUC8 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Okuda M, Bando N, Terao J, Sasaki S, Sugiyama S, Kunitsugu I, Hobara T. Association of serum carotenoids and tocopherols with atopic diseases in Japanese children and adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21:e705-10. [PMID: 20444162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed whether serum carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with atopic diseases (eczema and asthma) in 10- and 13-yr-olds in a Japanese community. Of 2796 students attending schools in Shunan, Japan, in 2006, 396 students were randomly selected for this study using nested case-control design. Atopic diseases and dietary food intake were assessed using self-administered questionnaires, and serum antioxidants were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. We found no associations between serum carotenoids and atopic diseases. However, odds ratios (OR)s for the third and fourth quartiles of serum alpha-tocopherol with atopic eczema were 0.33 (95% confidence interval: 0.15-0.73) and 0.36 (0.14-0.89), respectively, and the trend was negatively significant (P(trend) = 0.048). We did not find a significant association for asthma. In conclusion, serum alpha-tocopherol was negatively associated with the prevalence of eczema. Serum carotenoids did not show definitive protective effects in Japanese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okuda
- Department of Environmental Safety, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency may increase the responsiveness of the respiratory tract and increase the risk of respiratory tract infection, resulting in airway obstruction and wheezing. This study aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin A deficiency and infant wheezing. METHODS Three ml venous blood samples were collected from 331 hospitalized children who suffered from wheezing to determine the serum vitamin A concentration and the relationship between vitamin A and some causative factors of wheezing. RESULTS The severity of vitamin A deficiency was related to the course of wheezing. In the persistent wheezing group, 14 patients (34.1%) were diagnosed as having severe vitamin A deficiency and 16 patients (39%) having moderate vitamin A deficiency; among the acute wheezing group, 18 patients (16.4%) were diagnosed as having severe vitamin A deficiency and 32 patients (29%) having moderate vitamin A deficiency. Comparison of the two groups revealed that there was a significantly higher rate of moderate and severe vitamin A deficiency in the persistent wheezing group than in the acute wheezing group (P<0.01). The severity of vitamin A deficiency was related to the infants' wheezing severity. Severe vitamin A deficiency was found in 24 patients (47%) in the severe wheezing group and 8 (8%) in the mild and moderate wheezing groups. The rate of severe vitamin A deficiency was significantly higher in patients with severe wheezing than in those with mild and moderate wheezing (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum vitamin A deficiency could be commonly found in infants with wheezing. The severity of vitamin A deficiency might be related to the course of wheezing and the infants' wheezing severity.
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Al Senaidy AM. Serum vitamin A and beta-carotene levels in children with asthma. J Asthma 2009; 46:699-702. [PMID: 19728208 DOI: 10.1080/02770900903056195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum levels of dietary antioxidants are associated with allergic diseases including asthma. Vitamin A and carotenoids are dietary antioxidants that are likely to play an important role against airway inflammation. METHODS This study included 433 asthmatic schoolchildren and 537 healthy control subjects, between 6 and 18 years of age. Serum beta-carotene, vitamin A, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were studied in all subjects. RESULTS Serum vitamin A concentration was significantly lower in asthmatic subjects than in healthy control subjects (19.4 +/- 1.1 mg/dL vs. 28.9 +/- 0.86 mg/dL) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of beta-carotene, cholesterol, and triglycerides between the two groups. CONCLUSION Reduction of vitamin A in asthmatic children may have etiological implications for the disease.
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Kettle R, Simmons J, Schindler F, Jones P, Dicker T, Dubois G, Giddings J, Van Heeke G, Jones CE. Regulation of neuregulin 1beta1-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:472-81. [PMID: 19556605 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0018oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive mucus production has been linked to many of the pathologic features of respiratory diseases, including obstruction of the airways, decline in lung function, increased rates of mortality, and increased infections. The mucins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, contribute to the viscoelastic properties of mucus, and are found at elevated levels in the airways of individuals with chronic respiratory diseases. The T helper type 2 cell cytokine, IL-13, is known to regulate MUC5AC expression in goblet cells of the airways, although much less is known about the regulation of MUC5B expression. In a study to further understand the mediators of MUC5AC and MUC5B expression, neuregulin (NRG) 1beta1 was identified as novel regulator of goblet cell formation in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). NRG1beta1 increased expression of MUCAC and MUC5B proteins in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in HBEC cultures. NRG1beta1-induced expression of MU5AC and MUC5B was shown to involve v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB) and ErbB3 receptors, but not ErbB4 receptors. Treatment of HBECs with inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase indicated that these kinases were involved in NRG1beta1-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression. Additionally, NRG1beta1 was shown to induce the phosphorylation of the ErbB2 receptor, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. NRG1beta1 protein was found increased in the airways of antigen-challenged mice, together with increases in MUC5AC and MUC5B message. Together, these data indicate that NRG1beta1 is a novel mediator of MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in HBECs, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for mucus hypersecretion in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kettle
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Respiratory Disease Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH125AB, UK
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Sartori G, Cavazza A, Sgambato A, Marchioni A, Barbieri F, Longo L, Bavieri M, Murer B, Meschiari E, Tamberi S, Cadioli A, Luppi F, Migaldi M, Rossi G. EGFR and K-ras mutations along the spectrum of pulmonary epithelial tumors of the lung and elaboration of a combined clinicopathologic and molecular scoring system to predict clinical responsiveness to EGFR inhibitors. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131:478-89. [PMID: 19289583 DOI: 10.1309/ajcph0trmpxvzw2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested 418 neoplasms along the whole spectrum of primary lung tumor histotypes for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and K-ras mutations. Clinicopathologic data from 154 patients undergoing treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were retrospectively studied. A scoring system assigning a score for each positive or negative characteristic (+1, female sex, nonsmoking status, adenocarcinoma histotype, Asian ethnicity, and EGFR mutation; -1, current smoker and K-ras mutation; and 0, male sex, ex-smoker, nonadenocarcinoma histotype, and no mutations) was elaborated and tested with EGFR-TKI response. Salivary gland-type, mucin-rich, and neuroendocrine tumors do not harbor EGFR mutations. A subset of nonmucinous adenocarcinomas, not necessarily of the bronchioloalveolar type, is related to EGFR mutations. Three probability groups significantly correlating with response to EGFR-TKIs were identified. Of note, the addition of molecular results did not significantly change the predictive value obtained by the combination of clinicopathologic characteristics alone in this scoring system. K-ras mutations, significantly associated with the mucin-secreting type of adenocarcinoma, consistently predict lack of response in white patients.
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Amit-Romach E, Uni Z, Cheled S, Berkovich Z, Reifen R. Bacterial population and innate immunity-related genes in rat gastrointestinal tract are altered by vitamin A-deficient diet. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tomita T, Yamada A, Miyakoshi M, Kido T, Sheikh F, Srisodsai A, Miyajima A, Donnelly RP, Kimura S. Oncostatin M regulates secretoglobin 3A1 and 3A2 expression in a bidirectional manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:620-30. [PMID: 18978304 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0062oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A1 and 3A2 are members of the small molecular weight secretoglobin gene superfamily. SCGB3A1 is a tumor suppressor gene, whereas SCGB3A2 has anti-inflammatory properties. Both genes are mainly expressed in the lung and trachea in mice. Whether the expression and/or function of these two genes are related is not known. Here we show that the expression of SCGB3A1 and SCGB3A2 are bidirectionally regulated by oncostatin M (OSM) when examined in a mouse transformed Clara cell line (mtCC); SCGB3A1 is up-regulated by OSM, while SCGB3A2 is down-regulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner. OSM-activated STAT3/5, through binding to the STAT-binding element located at -201 to -209 bp in the mouse Scgb3a1 gene promoter, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are responsible for the OSM-induced up-regulation of SCGB3A1 expression. On the other hand, the -113 to -273 bp region in the Scgb3a2 promoter appears to be responsible for the OSM induced down-regulation of the gene. No significant differences in the levels or patterns of specific DNA-binding proteins were found in the -113 to -273 bp region as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Neither the ERK- nor p38-MAPK pathways were involved in the OSM-induced reduction of Scgb3a2 promoter activity. These results suggest that OSM-induced suppression of SCGB3A2 expression is an indirect effect of OSM. Expression of the Clara cell marker, CYP2F2, was markedly decreased upon OSM treatment in parallel with the decrease of SCGB3A2 expression in mtCC cells. The differential regulation of Scgb3a1 and Scgb3a2 gene expression by OSM may explain the unique functions of these genes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Tateya I, Tateya T, Surles RL, Kanehira K, Tanumihardjo S, Bless DM. Vitamin A deficiency causes metaplasia in vocal fold epithelium: a rat study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008; 117:153-8. [PMID: 18357840 DOI: 10.1177/000348940811700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The roles of vitamin A in the vocal fold epithelium are not well documented, although vitamin A has been used as a conservative treatment for laryngeal leukoplakia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the roles of vitamin A in vocal fold epithelial differentiation. METHODS Vitamin A-deficient (VAD) rats were generated, and the abnormality of their vocal fold epithelium was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis for keratin 10 and transglutaminase (TGase) 1. RESULTS The VAD experimental rats exhibited orthokeratosis of the vocal fold epithelium. Keratin 10 and TGase 1 were up-regulated in the epithelium of the VAD rats. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that vitamin A suppresses TGase 1 expression in normal vocal folds to inhibit keratinization, and that the TGase 1 up-regulation caused by vitamin A deficiency may be related to the formation of metaplasia in the laryngeal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamada Hirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8256, Japan
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Henning A, Schneider M, Bur M, Blank F, Gehr P, Lehr CM. Embryonic chicken trachea as a new in vitro model for the investigation of mucociliary particle clearance in the airways. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:521-7. [PMID: 18431652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MC) is an important defense mechanism of the respiratory system to eliminate inhaled and possibly noxious particles from the lung. Although the principal mechanics of MC seem to be relatively clear there are still open questions regarding the long-term clearance of particles. Therefore, we have developed a new set-up based on embryonic chicken trachea (ECT) to investigate mucociliary particle clearance in more detail. ECT was placed in an incubation chamber after carbon particles were applied and tracked using optical microscopy. The aim of the study was to validate this model by investigating the impact of temperature, humidity and drugs on particle transport rates. Particles were transported reproducibly along the trachea and clearance velocity (2.39 +/- 0.25) mm/min was found to be in accordance to data reported in literature. Variation in temperature resulted in significantly reduced MC: (0.40 +/- 0.12) mm/min (20 degrees C); (0.42 +/- 0.10) mm/min (45 degrees C). Decreasing humidity (99-60%) had no significant effect on MC, whereas reduction to 20% humidity showed a significant influence on particle clearance. The use of different cilio- and muco-active drugs (propranolol, terbutalin, N-acetylcysteine) resulted in altered MC according to the pharmacological effect of the substances: a concentration dependent decrease of MC was found for Propranolol. From our results we conclude that this model can be employed to investigate MC of particles in more detail. Hence, the model may help to understand and identify decisive physico-chemical parameters for MC and to answer open questions regarding the long-term clearance phenomenon.
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Alcorn JF, Guala AS, van der Velden J, McElhinney B, Irvin CG, Davis RJ, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Jun N-terminal kinase 1 regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-beta1. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1036-45. [PMID: 18334556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.019455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a cardinal cytokine in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling, and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a molecular interaction between TGF-beta1 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been demonstrated, the goal of this study was to elucidate whether JNK plays a role in TGF-beta1-induced EMT. Primary cultures of mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) from wild-type, JNK1-/- or JNK2-/- mice were comparatively evaluated for their ability to undergo EMT in response to TGF-beta1. Wild-type MTEC exposed to TGF-beta1 demonstrated a prominent induction of mesenchymal mediators and a loss of epithelial markers, in conjunction with a loss of trans-epithelial resistance (TER). Significantly, TGF-beta1-mediated EMT was markedly blunted in epithelial cells lacking JNK1, while JNK2-/- MTEC underwent EMT in response to TGF-beta1 in a similar way to wild-type cells. Although Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear localization of Smad4 were similar in JNK1-/- MTEC in response to TGF-beta1, Smad DNA-binding activity was diminished. Gene expression profiling demonstrated a global suppression of TGF-beta1-modulated genes, including regulators of EMT in JNK1-/- MTEC, in comparison with wild-type cells. In aggregate, these results illuminate the novel role of airway epithelial-dependent JNK1 activation in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Alcorn
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Nomoto Y, Tada Y, Miyake M, Hazama A, Nakamura T, Omori K. Potential of Heterotopic Fibroblasts as Autologous Transplanted Cells for Tracheal Epithelial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2175-84. [PMID: 17539734 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The tracheal epithelium maintains the health of the respiratory tract through mucociliary clearance and regulation of ion and water balance. When the trachea is surgically removed, artificial grafts have been clinically used by our group to regenerate the trachea. In such cases, the tracheal epithelium needs 2 months for functional regeneration. Previous study has shown that fibroblasts facilitate tracheal epithelial regeneration. In this study, heterotopic fibroblasts originating from the dermis, nasal, and gingival mucosa were cocultured with tracheal epithelial cells to evaluate their potential as autologous transplanted cells for tracheal epithelial regeneration. The epithelia induced by the heterotopic fibroblasts showed differences in structure, cilia development, mucin secretion, and expression of ion and water channels. These results indicated that nasal fibroblasts could not induce mature tracheal epithelium and that dermal fibroblasts induced epidermis-like epithelium. Only the gingival fibroblasts (GFBs) could induce morphologically and functionally normalized tracheal epithelium comparable to the epithelium induced by tracheal fibroblasts. Epithelial cell proliferation and migration were also upregulated by GFBs. These results indicate that GFBs are useful as autologous transplant cells for tracheal epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Kim SW, Hong JS, Ryu SH, Chung WC, Yoon JH, Koo JS. Regulation of mucin gene expression by CREB via a nonclassical retinoic acid signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:6933-47. [PMID: 17646388 PMCID: PMC2099243 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02385-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolite retinoic acid (RA) are essential elements for normal lung development and the differentiation of lung epithelial cells. We previously showed that RA rapidly activated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in a nonclassical manner in normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells. In the present study, we further demonstrated that this nonclassical signaling of RA on the activation of CREB plays a critical role in regulating the expression of airway epithelial cell differentiation markers, the MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B genes. We found that RA rapidly activates the protein kinase Calpha isozyme and transmits the activation signal to CREB via the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) pathway. Activated RSK translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it phosphorylates CREB. Activated CREB then binds to a cis-acting replication element motif on the promoter (at nucleotides [nt] -878 to -871) of the MUC5AC gene. The depletion of CREB using small interfering RNA abolished not only the RA-induced MUC5AC but also RA-induced MUC2 and MUC5B. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CREB activation via this nonclassical RA signaling pathway may play an important role in regulating the expression of mucin genes and mediating the early biological effects of RA during normal mucous differentiation in NHTBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Unit 432, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Linkages between diet habits and cancer risk have surfaced from a multitude of epidemiological and preclinical studies. Collectively these studies provide rather compelling evidence that dietary components modify the incidence and biological behavior of tumors. While the risk of breast, prostate, colon, lung and liver cancers are frequently associated with dietary patterns, inconsistencies are not uncommon. These inconsistencies likely reflect the multi-factorial and complex nature of cancer and the specificity that individual dietary constituents have in modifying cancer related genetic pathways. The complexity of defining the role of diet is underscored by the numerous and diverse essential and non-essential components that may alter one or more phases of the cancer process. The explosive increase in the recognition of genes and pathways for regulating cell growth and development, and evaluating the response to hormones and other chemicals synthesized by the body, offers exciting opportunities for unraveling the molecular targets by which dietary components influence cancer prevention. It is recognized that all cells have unique ‘signatures’ that are characterized by active and inactive genes and cellular products. It is certainly plausible that bridging knowledge about these unique cellular characteristics with the molecular targets for nutrients can be used to assist in optimizing nutrition and minimizing cancer risk.
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Myerburg MM, Latoche JD, McKenna EE, Stabile LP, Siegfried JS, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Pilewski JM. Hepatocyte growth factor and other fibroblast secretions modulate the phenotype of human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L1352-60. [PMID: 17307814 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00328.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The luminal airway surface is lined with epithelial cells that provide a protective barrier from the external environment and clear inhaled pathogens from the lung. To accomplish this important function, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells must be able to rapidly regenerate a mucociliary layer of cells following epithelial injury. Whereas epithelial-fibroblast interactions are known to modulate the airway architecture during lung development and repair, little is known about how these two cells interact. Using a primary HBE and lung fibroblast coculture system, we demonstrate that 1) subepithelial fibroblasts provide a suitable environment for differentiation of HBE cells into a polarized ciliated phenotype despite being cultured in media that induces terminal squamous differentiation and growth arrest in the absence of fibroblasts, 2) HBE cells cocultured with subepithelial fibroblasts exhibit augmented ciliogenesis, accelerated wound repair, and diminished polarized ion transport compared with cells grown in control conditions, and 3) hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is important for subepithelial fibroblast modulation of HBE cell differentiation. These results provide a model to study fibroblast modulation of epithelial phenotype and indicate that HGF secreted by subepithelial fibroblasts contributes to HBE cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M Myerburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Kobayashi K, Nomoto Y, Suzuki T, Tada Y, Miyake M, Hazama A, Kanemaru S, Nakamura T, Omori K. Effect of Fibroblasts on Tracheal Epithelial Regenerationin vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:2619-28. [PMID: 16995795 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Several artificial grafts for covering deficient trachea have been produced through tissue engineering. Recently, our group clinically used an artificial trachea made from collagen sponge for patients with noncircumferential tracheal resection. However, the slowness of epithelial regeneration on the surface of the artificial trachea was confirmed as one particular problem. In this study, we co-cultured tracheal epithelial cells with fibroblasts and examined effects of fibroblasts on epithelial regeneration in vitro. Fibroblasts activated epithelial cell proliferation and migration. In co-culture with fibroblasts, epithelial cells reconstructed pseudostratified epithelium, which was composed of ciliated, goblet, and basal cells. Furthermore, a basement membrane was reconstructed between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and integrin beta4 was also observed there. Fibroblasts rapidly increased mucin secretion by epithelial cells. These results indicate that stimulatory effects of fibroblasts on epithelial cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation would reduce the time required for covering of epithelial cells on the defect of luminal surface and hasten regeneration of morphologically and functionally normalized epithelium involving the reconstruction of basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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