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Tzoupis H, Papavasileiou KD, Papatzelos S, Mavrogiorgis A, Zacharia LC, Melagraki G, Afantitis A. Systematic Review of Naturally Derived Substances That Act as Inhibitors of the Nicotine Metabolizing Enzyme Cytochrome P450 2A6. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8031. [PMID: 39125600 PMCID: PMC11312336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been highlighted as a major health challenge in modern societies. Despite not causing death directly, smoking has been associated with several health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and several cancer types. Moreover, exposure to nicotine during pregnancy has been associated with adverse neurological disorders in babies. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is the most common strategy employed for smoking cessation, but despite its widespread use, NRT presents with low success and adherence rates. This is attributed partially to the rate of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) in each individual. Nicotine addiction is correlated with the high rate of its metabolism, and thus, novel strategies need to be implemented in NRT protocols. Naturally derived products are a cost-efficient and rich source for potential inhibitors, with the main advantages being their abundance and ease of isolation. This systematic review aims to summarize the natural products that have been identified as CYP2A6 inhibitors, validated through in vitro and/or in vivo assays, and could be implemented as nicotine metabolism inhibitors. The scope is to present the different compounds and highlight their possible implementation in NRT strategies. Additionally, this information would provide valuable insight regarding CYP2A6 inhibitors, that can be utilized in drug development via the use of in silico methodologies and machine-learning models to identify new potential lead compounds for optimization and implementation in NRT regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haralampos Tzoupis
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Konstantinos D. Papavasileiou
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics MIKE, 18545 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Stavros Papatzelos
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelos Mavrogiorgis
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Lefteris C. Zacharia
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, 16672 Vari, Greece;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics MIKE, 18545 Piraeus, Greece
- Division of Data Driven Innovation, Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
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Gu Y, Li T, Zhou NY. Redundant and scattered genetic determinants for coumarin biodegradation in Pseudomonas sp. strain NyZ480. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0110923. [PMID: 37815346 PMCID: PMC10617510 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01109-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin (COU) is both a naturally derived phytotoxin and a synthetic pollutant which causes hepatotoxicity in susceptible humans. Microbes have potentials in COU biodegradation; however, its underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. Pseudomonas sp. strain NyZ480, a robust COU degrader, has been isolated and proven to grow on COU as its sole carbon source. In this study, five homologs of xenobiotic reductase A scattered throughout the chromosome of strain NyZ480 were identified, which catalyzed the conversion of COU to dihydrocoumarin (DHC) in vitro. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these COU reductases belong to different subgroups of the old yellow enzyme family. Moreover, two hydrolases (CouB1 and CouB2) homologous to the 3,4-dihydrocoumarin hydrolase in the fluorene degradation were found to accelerate the generation of melilotic acid (MA) from DHC. CouC, a new member from the group A flavin monooxygenase, was heterologously expressed and purified, catalyzing the hydroxylation of MA to produce 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate (DHPP). Gene deletion and complementation of couC indicated that couC played an essential role in the COU catabolism in strain NyZ480, considering that the genes involved in the downstream catabolism of DHPP have been characterized (Y. Xu and N. Y. Zhou, Appl Environ Microbiol 86:e02385-19, 2020) and homologous catabolic cluster exists in strain NyZ480. This study elucidated the genetic determinants for complete degradation of COU by Pseudomonas sp. strain NyZ480.IMPORTANCECoumarin (COU) is a phytochemical widely distributed in the plant kingdom and also artificially produced as an ingredient for personal care products. Hence, the environmental occurrence of COU has been reported in different places. Toxicologically, COU was proven hepatotoxic to individuals with mutations in the CYP2A6 gene and listed as a group 3 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and thus has raised increasing concerns. Until now, different physicochemical methods have been developed for the removal of COU, whereas their practical applications were hampered due to high cost and the risk of secondary contamination. In this study, genetic evidence and biochemical characterization of the COU degradation by Pseudomonas sp. strain NyZ480 are presented. With the gene and strain resources provided here, better managements of the hazards that humans face from COU could be achieved, and the possible microbiota-plant interaction mediated by the COU-utilizing rhizobacteria could also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Gu Y, Li T, Yin CF, Zhou NY. Elucidation of the coumarin degradation by Pseudomonas sp. strain NyZ480. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131802. [PMID: 37320896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a phytotoxin and synthetic chemical, coumarin (COU) is known for its hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. However, no thorough characterization of its microbial degradation has been reported. Here, Pseudomonas sp. strain NyZ480 was isolated for its capability of utilizing COU as the sole carbon source. Studies on its growth and degradation efficiency of COU under various conditions suggested that strain NyZ480 performed the optimum degradation at 30 ℃, pH 7, and 0.5 mM COU was completely removed within 4 h with 1% inoculum. HPLC and LC-MS analyses indicated that dihydrocoumarin (DHC), melilotic acid (MA) and 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate (DHPP) were the upstream biotransformation intermediates of COU. Enzyme assay established that the initial reaction transforming COU to DHC required an NAD(P)H-dependent reductase, followed by the hydrolysis of DHC to generate MA, and the third reaction catalyzing the monooxygenation of MA to DHPP utilized a strict NADH-dependent hydroxylase. Combining genomics and transcriptomics, we proposed that the COU downstream degradation (from DHPP) was catalyzed by enzymes encoded by a gene cluster homologous to the mhp cluster for 3(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate degradation via DHPP in E. coli. This study thoroughly identified the intermediates from the COU catabolism, providing essential insights into the molecular evidences of its biodegradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Lee CM, Liu KH, Singer G, Miller GW, Li S, Jones DP, Morgan ET. High-Throughput Production of Diverse Xenobiotic Metabolites with Cytochrome P450-Transduced Huh7 Hepatoma Cell Lines. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1182-1189. [PMID: 35752443 PMCID: PMC9450959 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine and exposomics require methods to assess xenobiotic metabolism in human metabolomic analyses, including the identification of known and undocumented drug and chemical exposures as well as their metabolites. Recent work demonstrated the use of high-throughput generation of xenobiotic metabolites with human liver S-9 fractions for their detection in human plasma and urine. Here, we tested whether a panel of lentivirally transduced human hepatoma cell lines (Huh7) that express individual cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes could be used to generate P450-specific metabolites in a high-throughput manner, while simultaneously identifying the enzymes responsible. Cell-line activities were verified using P450-specific probe substrates. To increase analytical throughput, we used a pooling strategy where 36 chemicals were grouped into 12 unique mixtures, each mixture containing 6 randomly selected compounds, and each compound being present in two separate mixtures. Each mixture was incubated with 8 different P450 cell lines for 0 and 2 hours and extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cell lines selectively metabolized test substrates, e.g., pazopanib, bupropion, and β-naphthoflavone with expected substrate-enzyme specificities. Predicted metabolites from the remaining 33 compounds as well as many unidentified m/z features were detected. We also showed that a specific bupropion metabolite generated by CYP2B6 cells, but not detected in the S9 system, was identified in human samples. Our data show that the chemical mixtures approach accelerated characterization of xenobiotic chemical space, while simultaneously identifying enzyme sources that can be used for scalable generation of metabolites for their identification in human metabolomic analyses. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables the detection of exposures to drugs and other xenobiotics in human samples, but chemical identification can be difficult for several reasons. This paper demonstrates the utility of a panel of engineered cytochrome P450-expressing hepatoma cells in a scalable workflow for production of xenobiotic metabolites, which will facilitate their use as surrogate standards to validate xenobiotic detection by HRMS in human metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Myung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
| | - Ken H Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
| | - Grant Singer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
| | - Edward T Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., G.S., E.T.M.); Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (K.H.L., D.P.J.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York (G.W.M.); and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut (S.L.)
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Yamada T, Katsutani N, Maruyama T, Kawamura T, Yamazaki H, Murayama N, Tong W, Yamazoe Y, Hirose A. Combined Risk Assessment of Food-derived Coumarin with in Silico Approaches. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2022; 10:73-82. [PMID: 36237397 PMCID: PMC9509535 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-21-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity associated with food-derived coumarin occurs occasionally in humans. We have, herein, assessed the data of existing clinical and nonclinical studies as well as those of in silico models for humans in order to shed more light on this association. The average intakes of food-derived coumarin are estimated to be 1-3 mg/day, while a ten-times higher level is expected in the worst-case scenarios. These levels are close to or above the tolerable daily intake suggested by a chronic study in dogs. The human internal exposure levels were estimated by a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model with the use of virtual doses of coumarin in the amounts expected to derive from foods. Our results suggest that: (i) coumarin can be cleared rapidly via 7-hydroxylation in humans, and (ii) the plasma levels of coumarin and of its metabolite, o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid associated with hepatotoxicity, are considerably lower than those yielding hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacokinetic data suggest a low or negligible concern regarding a coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity in humans exposed to an average intake from foods. Detoxification of coumarin through the 7-hydroxylation, however, might vary among individuals due to genetic polymorphisms in CYP2A6 enzyme. In addition, the CYP1A2- and CYP2E1-mediated activation of coumarin can fluctuate as a result of induction caused by environmental factors. Furthermore, the daily consumption of food-contained coumarin was implicated in the potential risk of hepatotoxicity by the drug-induced liver injury score model developed by the US Food and Drug Administration. These results support the idea of the existence of human subpopulations that are highly sensitive to coumarin; therefore, a more precise risk assessment is needed. The present study also highlights the usefulness of in silico approaches of pharmacokinetics with the liver injury score model as battery components of a risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety
Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
210-9501, Japan
| | - Naruo Katsutani
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety
Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
210-9501, Japan
| | - Taeko Maruyama
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety
Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
210-9501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawamura
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety
Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
210-9501, Japan
| | | | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543,
Japan
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug
Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Yasushi Yamazoe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety
Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
210-9501, Japan
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology,
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku,
Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety
Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki
210-9501, Japan
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Polymorphic cytochromes P450 in non-human primates. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:329-364. [PMID: 35953160 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, an Old World monkey) are widely used in drug development because of their genetic and physiological similarities to humans, and this trend has continued with the use of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, a New World monkey). Information on the major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP, P450) enzymes of these primate species indicates that multiple forms of their P450 enzymes have generally similar substrate selectivities to those of human P450 enzymes; however, some differences in isoform, activity, and substrate specificity account for limited species differences in drug oxidative metabolism. This review provides information on the P450 enzymes of cynomolgus macaques and marmosets, including cDNA, tissue expression, substrate specificity, and genetic variants, along with age differences and induction. Typical examples of important P450s to be considered in drug metabolism studies include cynomolgus CYP2C19, which is expressed abundantly in liver and metabolizes numerous drugs. Moreover, genetic variants of cynomolgus CYP2C19 affect the individual pharmacokinetic data of drugs such as R-warfarin. These findings provide a foundation for understanding each P450 enzyme and the individual pharmacokinetic and toxicological results in cynomolgus macaques and marmosets as preclinical models. In addition, the effects of induction on some drug clearances mediated by P450 enzymes are also described. In summary, this review describes genetic and acquired individual differences in cynomolgus and marmoset P450 enzymes involved in drug oxidation that may be associated with pharmacological and/or toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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7
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Nishijima H, Zunitch MJ, Yoshida M, Kondo K, Yamasoba T, Schwob JE, Holbrook EH. Rapid fluorescent vital imaging of olfactory epithelium. iScience 2022; 25:104222. [PMID: 35494237 PMCID: PMC9046240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory epithelium (OE) undergoes degeneration in disorders such as age-related and post-viral olfactory dysfunction. However, methods for real-time in vivo detection of OE and assessment of total extent within the nasal cavity are currently unavailable. We identified two fluorescence probes for rapidly detecting and evaluating the entire extent of mice OE with topical application. Taking advantage of the differential expression of the enzymes cytochrome p450 (CYP) and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in OE relative to respiratory epithelium, we utilized the conversion of coumarin (a substrate of various CYP subtypes) and gGlu-HRMG (a substrate of GGT) by these enzymes to form metabolites with fluorescent emissions in the duct cells and sustentacular cells of neuron-containing OE. In depleted and regenerated OE model, the emission of these probes remained absent in respiratory metaplasia but appeared in regenerated OE. These substrates could be used to monitor OE degeneration and follow regenerative response to therapeutic interventions. Enzymes Cyp2a5 and Ggt7 are expressed in olfactory epithelial cells Substrates for Cyp2a5 and Ggt7 can label olfactory epithelium (OE) in situ Lesion recovered, not damaged OE, is labeled with Cyp2a5 and Ggt7 substrates
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Nishijima
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Matthew J Zunitch
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - James E Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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8
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RodanSarohan A, Akelma H, Araç E, Aslan Ö, Cen O. Retinol Depletion in COVID-19. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 43:85-94. [PMID: 35664529 PMCID: PMC9142171 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims COVID-19 has been a devastating pandemic. There are indications that vitamin A is depleted during infections. Vitamin A is important in development and immune homeostasis. It has been used successfully in measles, RSV and AIDS infections. In this study, we aimed to measure the serum retinol levels in severe COVID-19 patients to assess the importance of vitamin A in the COVID-19 pathogenesis. Methods The serum retinol level was measured in two groups of patients: the COVID-19 group, which consisted of 27 severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit with respiratory failure, and the control group, which consisted of 23 patients without COVID-19 symptoms. Results The mean serum retinol levels were 0.37 mg/L in the COVID-19 group and 0.52 mg/L in the control group. The difference between the serum retinol levels in the two groups was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in retinol levels between different ages and genders within the COVID-19 group. Comorbidity did not affect serum retinol levels. Conclusion The serum retinol level was significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19, and this difference was independent of age or underlying comorbidity. Our data show that retinol and retinoic acid signaling might be important in immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
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9
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Kim SD, Morgan L, Hargreaves E, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Antenos M, Li B, Kirby GM. Regulation of Cytochrome P450 2a5 by Artemisia capillaris and 6,7-Dimethylesculetin in Mouse Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730416. [PMID: 34880749 PMCID: PMC8645941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaundice is a potentially fatal condition resulting from elevated serum bilirubin levels. For centuries, herbal remedies containing Artemisia capillaris Thunb. including the compound 6,7-dimethylesculetin (DE) have been used in Asia to prevent and treat jaundice in neonates. DE activates an important regulator of bilirubin metabolism, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and increases bilirubin clearance. In addition, murine cytochrome P450 2a5 (Cyp2a5) is known to be involved in the oxidative metabolism of bilirubin. Moreover, treatment of mice with phenobarbital, a known inducer of both CAR and Cyp2a5, increases expression of Cyp2a5 suggesting a potential relationship between CAR and Cyp2a5 expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Artemisia capillaris and DE on the expression and regulatory control of Cyp2a5 and the potential involvement of CAR. Treatment of mouse hepatocytes in primary culture with DE (50 μM) significant increased Cyp2a5 mRNA and protein levels. In mice, Artemisia capillaris and DE treatment also increased levels of hepatic Cyp2a5 protein. Luciferase reporter assays showed that CAR increases Cyp2a5 gene transcription through a CAR response element in the Cyp2a5 gene promoter. Moreover, DE caused nuclear translocation of CAR in primary mouse hepatocytes and increased Cyp2a5 transcription in the presence of CAR. These results identify a potential CAR-mediated mechanism by which DE regulates Cyp2a5 gene expression and suggests that DE may enhance bilirubin clearance by increasing Cyp2a5 levels. Understanding this process could provide an opportunity for the development of novel therapies for neonatal and other forms of jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsoo Daniel Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Larry Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elyse Hargreaves
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- He'nan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Monica Antenos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ben Li
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Gordon M Kirby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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10
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Banikazemi Z, Mirazimi SM, Dashti F, Mazandaranian MR, Akbari M, Morshedi K, Aslanbeigi F, Rashidian A, Chamanara M, Hamblin MR, Taghizadeh M, Mirzaei H. Coumarins and Gastrointestinal Cancer: A New Therapeutic Option? Front Oncol 2021; 11:752784. [PMID: 34707995 PMCID: PMC8542999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often life-threatening malignancies, which can be a severe burden to the health care system. Globally, the mortality rate from gastrointestinal tumors has been increasing due to the lack of adequate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic measures to combat these tumors. Coumarin is a natural product with remarkable antitumor activity, and it is widely found in various natural plant sources. Researchers have explored coumarin and its related derivatives to investigate their antitumor activity, and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. These mechanisms include hormone antagonists, alkylating agents, inhibitors of angiogenesis, inhibitors of topoisomerase, inducers of apoptosis, agents with antimitotic activity, telomerase inhibitors, inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase, as well as other potential mechanisms. Consequently, drug design and discovery scientists and medicinal chemists have collaborated to identify new coumarin-related agents in order to produce more effective antitumor drugs against GI cancers. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic effects of coumarin and its derivatives against GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mazandaranian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aslanbeigi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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11
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Deciphering Structural Alterations Associated with Activity Reductions of Genetic Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 2A6 Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810119. [PMID: 34576282 PMCID: PMC8469730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is a monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as nicotine and therapeutic drugs. The genetic polymorphisms in CYP2A6 are a cause of individual variation in smoking behavior and drug toxicities. The enzymatic activities of the allelic variants of CYP2A6 were analyzed in previous studies. However, the three-dimensional structures of the mutants were not investigated, and the mechanisms underlying activity reduction remain unknown. In this study, to investigate the structural changes involved in the reduction in enzymatic activities, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for ten allelic mutants of CYP2A6. For the calculated wild type structure, no significant structural changes were observed in comparison with the experimental structure. On the other hand, the mutations affected the interaction with heme, substrates, and the redox partner. In CYP2A6.44, a structural change in the substrate access channel was also observed. Those structural effects could explain the alteration of enzymatic activity caused by the mutations. The results of simulations provide useful information regarding the relationship between genotype and phenotype.
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12
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Zhang YJ, Zhou WL, Yu F, Wang Q, Peng C, Kan JY. Evaluation of the effect of Bovis Calculus Artifactus on eight rat liver cytochrome P450 isozymes using LC-MS/MS and cocktail approach. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1010-1018. [PMID: 34294011 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1959673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovis Calculus Artifactus (BCA) is the main substitute for natural Calculus bovis, a traditional drug in China used to treat high fever, convulsion, and sore throat. The effect of BCA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities is unknown. This study was to investigate the effect of BCA on eight rat hepatic microsomal CYPisozymes to evaluate the potential drug interactions using the cocktail approach.Metabolites of the eight isoform probe substrates of CYP isozymes were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated by incubating known CYP inhibitors α-naphthoflavone (CYP1A2), thiotepa (CYP2B1), quercetin (CYP2C7), sulfaphenazole (CYP2C6), ticlopidine (CYP2C11), quinidine (CYP2D1), ketoconazole (CYP3A1),4-methylpyrazole (CYP2E1) with individual probe substrate and rat liver microsomes. The formation rates of the corresponding metabolites of the eight probe substrates were determined to evaluate the activity of each isozyme.The results showed that BCA has different degrees of inhibitory effect on four CYP450 isoforms (CYP2C6, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP3A1) (p < 0.05), but no significant influence on CYP1A2, 2B1, 2C7 or 2E1 (p > 0.05). Attention should be paid to the BCA-drug interactions by careful monitoring and appropriate dosage adjustments in the concurrent use of the drugs which are metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Abbreviations: BCA, bovis calculus artifactus; CYP, cytochrome P450; DDIs, drug-drug interactions; ESI, electrospray ionization; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; NBC, Natural Bovis Calculus; QC, quality control; T CM, traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Yi Kan
- Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
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13
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Lv Y, Liu H, Wang L, Li K, Gao W, Liu X, Tang L, Kalinina TA, Glukhareva TV, Fan Z. Discovery of Novel 3,4-Dichloroisothiazole-Containing Coumarins as Fungicidal Leads. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4253-4262. [PMID: 33792298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are one of the resources for discovering novel fungicidal leads. As a natural fungicide, osthole was used as a coumarin-based lead compound for the development of novel fungicides. Here, a series of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-containing 7-hydroxycoumarins were rationally designed, synthesized, and characterized by introducing a bioactive substructure, 3,4-dichloroisothiazole, into the coumarin skeleton. In vitro bioassay indicated that compound 7g displayed good activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Physalospora piricola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Botrytis cinerea. Its median effective concentration (EC50) value against each of these fungi fell between 0.88 and 2.50 μg/mL, which was much lower than that of osthole against the corresponding pathogen (between 7.38 and 74.59 μg/mL). In vivo screening validated that 7k exhibited 100%, 60%, and 20% efficacy against R. solani Kühn at 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL, respectively. RNA sequence analysis implied that growth inhibition of R. solani by 7k might result from potential disruptions of fungal membrane formation and intracellular metabolism. Furthermore, a field experiment with cucumber plants indicated that 7b showed 62.73% and 74.03% efficacy against Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostov. at rates of 12.5 g a.i./ha and 25 g a.i./ha, respectively, which showed no significant difference between 7b and osthole at 30 g a.i./ha. Our studies suggested that 7b, 7g, and 7k might be used as fungicidal leads for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liangfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Tatiana A Kalinina
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yeltsin UrFU, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Glukhareva
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yeltsin UrFU, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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14
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Carvalho Henriques B, Yang EH, Lapetina D, Carr MS, Yavorskyy V, Hague J, Aitchison KJ. How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing? Front Genet 2020; 11:491895. [PMID: 33363564 PMCID: PMC7753050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.491895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic variants in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters have been shown to be relevant for treating psychiatric disorders. Associations are strong enough to feature on drug labels and for prescribing guidelines based on such data. A range of commercial tests are available; however, there is variability in included genetic variants, methodology, and interpretation. We herein provide relevant background for understanding clinical associations with specific variants, other factors that are relevant to consider when interpreting such data (such as age, gender, drug-drug interactions), and summarize the data relevant to clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatry and the available prescribing guidelines. We also highlight areas for future research focus in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther H. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Diego Lapetina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael S. Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vasyl Yavorskyy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua Hague
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine J. Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Masuo Y, Fujita KI, Mishiro K, Seba N, Kogi T, Okumura H, Matsumoto N, Kunishima M, Kato Y. 6-Hydroxyindole is an endogenous long-lasting OATP1B1 inhibitor elevated in renal failure patients. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:555-562. [PMID: 33191090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 is inhibited by some uremic toxins; however, direct inhibition can only partially explain the delayed systemic elimination of substrate drugs in renal failure patients. This study aimed to examine the long-lasting inhibition of OATP1B1 by uremic toxins and their metabolites. Preincubation of HEK293/OATP1B1 cells with 21 uremic toxins resulted in almost no change in the uptake of a typical substrate [3H]estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), although some directly inhibited [3H]E1S uptake. In contrast, preincubation with an indole metabolite, 6-hydroxyindole, reduced [3H]E1S uptake, even after the inhibitor was washed out before [3H]E1S incubation. Such long-lasting inhibition by 6-hydroxyindole was time-dependent and recovered after a 3-h incubation without 6-hydroxyindole. Preincubation with 6-hydroxyindole increased the Km for [3H]E1S uptake with minimal change in Vmax. This was compatible with no change in the cell-surface expression of OATP1B1, as assessed by a biotinylation assay. Preincubation with 6-hydroxyindole reduced [3H]E1S uptake in human hepatocytes without changes in OATP1B1 mRNA. Plasma concentration of 6-hydroxyindole in renal failure patients increased as renal function decreased, but might be insufficient to exhibit potent OATP1B1 inhibition. In conclusion, 6-hydroxyindole is an endogenous long-lasting OATP1B1 inhibitor with elevated plasma concentrations in renal failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Seba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kogi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Okumura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Matsumoto
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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16
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Sarohan AR. COVID-19: Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory and Retinoic Acid Depletion Syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110250. [PMID: 33254555 PMCID: PMC7481114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents two new concepts and definitions to the medical literature. One of those is "endogenous retinoic acid theory" and the other "retinoic acid depletion syndrome". A new classification will be provided for the immune system: "retinoic acid-dependent component" and "retinoic acid non-dependent component". If this theory is verified, all the diseases where the retinoic acid metabolism is defective and retinoic acid levels are low will be identified and new approaches will be developed fortreating such diseases. When the need for retinoic acids increases, such as acute infection, high fever, severe catabolic process, or chronic antigenic stimulation, cytochrome oxidase enzymes are inhibited by drugs or internal mechanisms. Metabolism and excretion of retinoic acids stored in the liver are prevented. In this way, retinoic acid levels in the blood are raised to therapeutic levels. This is called "Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory". Retinoic acids also manage their metabolism through feedback mechanisms. Despite compensatory mechanisms, causes such as high fever, serious catabolic process and excessively large viral genome (SARS-CoV-2), excessive use of RIG-I and Type I interferon synthesis pathway using retinoic acid causes emptying of retinoic acid stores. As a result, the RIG-I pathway becomes ineffective, Type I IFN synthesis stops, and the congenital immune system collapses. Then the immune mechanism passes to TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, MDA5 and UPS pathways in the monocyte, macrophage, neutrophil and dendritic cells of the adaptive immune defense system that do not require retinoic acid. This leads to excessive TNFα and cytokine discharge from the pathway. With the depletion of retinoic acid stores as a result of this overuse, the immune defense mechanism switches from the congenital immune system to the adaptive immune system, where retinoic acids cannot be used. As a result of this depletion of retinoic acids, the shift of the immune system to the NFκB arm, which causes excessive cytokine release, is called "retinoic acid depletion syndrome". COVID-19 and previously defined sepsis, SIRS and ARDS are each retinoic acid depletion syndrome. We claim that retinoic acid metabolism is defective in most inflammatory diseases, particularly COVID-19 (cytokine storm) sepsis, SIRS and ARDS. Finding a solution to this mechanism will bring a new perspective and treatment approach to such diseases.
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17
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Küpeli Akkol E, Genç Y, Karpuz B, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Capasso R. Coumarins and Coumarin-Related Compounds in Pharmacotherapy of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071959. [PMID: 32707666 PMCID: PMC7409047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of disease-related deaths worldwide. Despite the discovery of many chemotherapeutic drugs that inhibit uncontrolled cell division processes for the treatment of various cancers, serious side effects of these drugs are a crucial disadvantage. In addition, multi-drug resistance is another important problem in anticancer treatment. Due to problems such as cytotoxicity and drug resistance, many investigations are being conducted to discover and develop effective anticancer drugs. In recent years, researchers have focused on the anticancer activity coumarins, due to their high biological activity and low toxicity. Coumarins are commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma and leukemia, and they also have the ability to counteract the side effects caused by radiotherapy. Both natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives draw attention due to their photochemotherapy and therapeutic applications in cancer. In this review, a compilation of various research reports on coumarins with anticancer activity and investigation and a review of structure-activity relationship studies on coumarin core are presented. Determination of important structural features around the coumarin core may help researchers to design and develop new analogues with a strong anticancer effect and reduce the potential side effects of existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (R.C.); Tel.: +90-312-2023185 (E.K.A); +39-081-678664 (R.C.)
| | - Yasin Genç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Büşra Karpuz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507 Santiago, Chile;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (R.C.); Tel.: +90-312-2023185 (E.K.A); +39-081-678664 (R.C.)
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18
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Raunio H, Pentikäinen O, Juvonen RO. Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134708. [PMID: 32630278 PMCID: PMC7369699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes have been measured with various in vitro and in vivo methods, such as spectrophotometric, fluorometric, mass spectrometric, and radioactivity-based techniques. In fluorescence-based assays, the reaction produces a fluorescent product from a nonfluorescent substrate or vice versa. Fluorescence-based enzyme assays are usually highly sensitive and specific, allowing measurements on small specimens of tissues with low enzyme activities. Fluorescence assays are also amenable to miniaturization of the reaction mixtures and can thus be done in high throughput. 7-Hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives are widely used as fluorophores due to their desirable photophysical properties. They possess a large π-π conjugated system with electron-rich and charge transfer properties. This conjugated structure leads to applications of 7-hydroxycoumarins as fluorescent sensors for biological activities. We describe in this review historical highlights and current use of coumarins and their derivatives in evaluating activities of the major types of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems. Traditionally, coumarin substrates have been used to measure oxidative activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. For this purpose, profluorescent coumarins are very sensitive, but generally lack selectivity for individual CYP forms. With the aid of molecular modeling, we have recently described several new coumarin-based substrates for measuring activities of CYP and conjugating enzymes with improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70600 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Olli Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Risto O. Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70600 Kuopio, Finland;
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19
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Hsieh CJ, Sun M, Osborne G, Ricker K, Tsai FC, Li K, Tomar R, Phuong J, Schmitz R, Sandy MS. Cancer Hazard Identification Integrating Human Variability: The Case of Coumarin. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:501-552. [PMID: 31845612 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819884544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin is a naturally occurring sweet-smelling benzopyrone that may be extracted from plants or synthesized for commercial uses. Its uses include as a flavoring agent, fragrance enhancer, and odor-masking additive. We reviewed and evaluated the scientific evidence on the carcinogenicity of coumarin, integrating information from carcinogenicity studies in animals with mechanistic and other relevant data, including data from toxicogenomic, genotoxicity, and metabolism studies, and studies of human variability of a key enzyme, CYP2A6. Increases in tumors were observed in multiple studies in rats and mice in multiple tissues. Our functional pathway analysis identified several common cancer-related biological processes/pathways affected by coumarin in rat liver following in vivo exposure and in human primary hepatocytes exposed in vitro. When coumarin 7-hydroxylation by CYP2A6 is compromised, this can lead to a shift in metabolism to the 3,4-epoxidation pathway and increased generation of electrophilic metabolites. Mechanistic data align with 3 key characteristics of carcinogens, namely formation of electrophilic metabolites, genotoxicity, and induction of oxidative stress. Considerations of metabolism, human variability in CYP2A6 activity, and coumarin hepatotoxicity in susceptible individuals provide additional support for carcinogenicity concern. Our analysis illustrates the importance of integrating information on human variability in the cancer hazard identification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChingYi Jennifer Hsieh
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Osborne
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Karin Ricker
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Feng C Tsai
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kate Li
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rajpal Tomar
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA.,Retired
| | - Jimmy Phuong
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rose Schmitz
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
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20
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. The marmoset cytochrome P450 superfamily: Sequence/phylogenetic analyses, genomic structure, and catalytic function. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113721. [PMID: 31751534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has attracted much attention as a potentially useful primate model for preclinical testing. A total of 36 marmoset cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in the P450 1-51 subfamilies have been identified and characterized by the application of genome analysis and molecular functional characterization. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the genomic structures, sequence identities, and substrate selectivities of marmoset P450s compared with those of human P450s. Based on the sequence identity, phylogeny, and genomic organization of marmoset P450s, orthologous relationships were established between human and marmoset P450s. Twenty-four members of the marmoset P450 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 3A, 4A, and 4F subfamilies shared high degrees of homology in terms of cDNA (>89%) and amino acid sequences (>85%) with the corresponding human P450s; P450 2C76 was among the exceptions. Phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences revealed that marmoset P450s in the P450 1-51 families were located in the same clades as their human and macaque P450 homologs. This finding underlines the evolutionary closeness of marmoset P450s to their human and macaque homologs. Most marmoset P450 1-4 enzymes catalyzed the typical drug-metabolizing reactions of the corresponding human P450 homologs, except for some differences of P450 2A6 and 2B6. Consequently, it appears that the substrate specificities of enzymes in the P450 1-4 families are generally similar in marmosets and humans. The information presented here supports a better understanding of the functional characteristics of marmoset P450s and their similarities and differences with human P450s. It is hoped that this mini-review will facilitate the successful use of marmosets as primate models in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Pshenichnikova OS, Goncharova MV, Pustovoit YS, Karpova IV, Surin VL. PILOT RESEARCH OF A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION FOR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-2-123-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction.Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most common and severe form of acute hepatic porphyria. AIP is caused by a deficiency in the third enzyme of the heme biosynthesis system — hydroxymethylbilanine synthase (HMBS) — and has a dominant inheritance type. However, the probability of the clinical manifestation of this condition in carriers of the mutation in the HMBS gene constitutes only 10–20 %. Thi s suggests that the presence of such a mutation can be a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the development of the disease.Aim.To search for additional genetic factors, which determine the clinical penetrance of AIP using Whole-Exome Sequencing.Materials and methods.Sequencing of the whole exome was performed using a TruSeqExomeLibraryPrepkit (Illumina) kit by an Illumina HiSeq4000 instrument for 6 women with API with known mutations in the HMBS gene. All the patients suffered from a severe form of the disease. As a reference, a version of the hg19 human genome was used.Results.No common mutations were found in the examined patients. However, in each patient, functional variations were found in the genes related to detoxification systems, regulation of the heme biosynthesis cascade and expression of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS1) and in genes of proteins regulating nervous system. These variations require further study involving an extended number of patients with AIP manifestations and their relatives, who are asymptomatic carriers of disorders in the gene HMBS.Conclusions.The results obtained have allowed us to formulate a hypothesis about a possible role of genetic defects in the penetrance of AIP, which determine the development of other neurological pathologies. This is evidenced by the presence of gene pathogenic variations in 5 out of 6 examined patients, defects in which are associated with hereditary myasthenia and muscle atrophy.
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Bellamri M, Yao L, Bonala R, Johnson F, Von Weymarn LB, Turesky RJ. Bioactivation of the tobacco carcinogens 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) in human bladder RT4 cells. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1893-1902. [PMID: 31203411 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Occupational and tobacco exposure to aromatic amines (AAs) including 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) are associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk. Several epidemiological studies have also reported a possible role for structurally related heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed in tobacco smoke or cooked meats with BC risk. We had screened for DNA adducts of 4-ABP, 2-NA, and several prominent HAAs formed in tobacco smoke or grilled meats including 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) in the bladder DNA of BC patients, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We detected DNA adducts of 4-ABP, but not adducts of the other carcinogens. In this study, we have examined the capacity of RT4 cells, an epithelial human bladder cell line, to bioactivate AAs and HAAs to DNA damaging agents, which may contribute to BC. 4-ABP and AαC formed DNA adducts, but DNA adducts of 2-NA, PhIP, and MeIQx were not detected. 4-ABP DNA adducts were formed at tenfold higher levels than AαC adducts. Pretreatment of RT4 cells with α-naphthoflavone (1-10 µM), a specific cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) inhibitor, decreased AαC adduct formation by 50% but did not affect the level of 4-ABP adducts. However, cell pretreatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (0.1-1 µM), a potent inhibitor of CYP2A, resulted in a 90% decrease of 4-ABP DNA adducts levels. These data signify that CYP2A and CYP1A isoforms expressed in the target urothelium bioactivate 4-ABP and AαC, respectively, and may be a critical feature of aromatic amine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The bioactivation of other tobacco and environmental AAs by bladder CYPs and their ensuing bladder DNA damage warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lihua Yao
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Radha Bonala
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Linda B Von Weymarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Vázquez-Fresno R, Rosana ARR, Sajed T, Onookome-Okome T, Wishart NA, Wishart DS. Herbs and Spices- Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies - A Systematic Review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:18. [PMID: 31143299 PMCID: PMC6532192 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Culinary herbs and spices have been used as both food flavoring and food preservative agents for centuries. Moreover, due to their known and presumptive health benefits, herbs and spices have also been used in medical practices since ancient times. Some of the health effects attributed to herbs and spices include antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effects as well as potential protection against cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. While interest in herbs and spices as medicinal agents remains high and their use in foods continues to grow, there have been remarkably few studies that have attempted to track the dietary intake of herbs and spices and even fewer that have tried to find potential biomarkers of food intake (BFIs). The aim of the present review is to systematically survey the global literature on herbs and spices in an effort to identify and evaluate specific intake biomarkers for a representative set of common herbs and spices in humans. A total of 25 herbs and spices were initially chosen, including anise, basil, black pepper, caraway, chili pepper, cinnamon, clove, cumin, curcumin, dill, fennel, fenugreek, ginger, lemongrass, marjoram, nutmeg, oregano, parsley, peppermint and spearmint, rosemary, saffron, sage, tarragon, and thyme. However, only 17 of these herbs and spices had published, peer-reviewed studies describing potential biomarkers of intake. In many studies, the herb or spice of interest was administrated in the form of a capsule or extract and very few studies were performed with actual foods. A systematic assessment of the candidate biomarkers was also performed. Given the limitations in the experimental designs for many of the published studies, further work is needed to better evaluate the identified set of BFIs. Although the daily intake of herbs and spices is very low compared to most other foods, this important set of food seasoning agents should not be underestimated, especially given their potential benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vázquez-Fresno
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Albert Remus R Rosana
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Tanvir Sajed
- 2Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8 Canada
| | | | - Noah A Wishart
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada.,2Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8 Canada
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25
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Coumarins and P450s, Studies Reported to-Date. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081620. [PMID: 31022888 PMCID: PMC6515222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are important phase I enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds mainly through mono-oxygenation reactions into more polar and easier to excrete species. In addition to their role in detoxification, they play important roles in the biosynthesis of endogenous compounds and the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Coumarins, phytochemicals abundant in food and commonly used in fragrances and cosmetics, have been shown to interact with P450 enzymes as substrates and/or inhibitors. In this review, these interactions and their significance in pharmacology and toxicology are discussed in detail.
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26
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Ahinko M, Niinivehmas S, Jokinen E, Pentikäinen OT. Suitability ofMMGBSAfor the selection of correct ligand binding modes from docking results. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:522-538. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Ahinko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvaskyla, MedChem.fi Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Sanna Niinivehmas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvaskyla, MedChem.fi Jyvaskyla Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Turku, MedChem.fi Turku Finland
| | - Elmeri Jokinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Turku, MedChem.fi Turku Finland
| | - Olli T. Pentikäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvaskyla, MedChem.fi Jyvaskyla Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Turku, MedChem.fi Turku Finland
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27
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Juvonen RO, Ahinko M, Huuskonen J, Raunio H, Pentikäinen OT. Development of new Coumarin-based profluorescent substrates for human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:1015-1024. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1530399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risto O. Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mira Ahinko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Juhani Huuskonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T. Pentikäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Stefanachi A, Leonetti F, Pisani L, Catto M, Carotti A. Coumarin: A Natural, Privileged and Versatile Scaffold for Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E250. [PMID: 29382051 PMCID: PMC6017103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many naturally occurring substances, traditionally used in popular medicines around the world, contain the coumarin moiety. Coumarin represents a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemists, because of its peculiar physicochemical features, and the versatile and easy synthetic transformation into a large variety of functionalized coumarins. As a consequence, a huge number of coumarin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and tested to address many pharmacological targets in a selective way, e.g., selective enzyme inhibitors, and more recently, a number of selected targets (multitarget ligands) involved in multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review an overview of the most recent synthetic pathways leading to mono- and polyfunctionalized coumarins will be presented, along with the main biological pathways of their biosynthesis and metabolic transformations. The many existing and recent reviews in the field prompted us to make some drastic selections, and therefore, the review is focused on monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase, and aromatase inhibitors, and on multitarget coumarins acting on selected targets of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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29
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Damania A, Kumar A, Teotia AK, Kimura H, Kamihira M, Ijima H, Sarin SK, Kumar A. Decellularized Liver Matrix-Modified Cryogel Scaffolds as Potential Hepatocyte Carriers in Bioartificial Liver Support Systems and Implantable Liver Constructs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:114-126. [PMID: 29210278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the use of decellularized organ scaffolds as regenerative matrices for tissue engineering holds great promise in addressing the issue of donor organ shortage. Decellularization preserves the mechanical integrity, composition, and microvasculature critical for zonation of hepatocytes in the liver. Earlier studies have reported the possibility of repopulating decellularized matrices with hepatic cell lines or stem cells to improve liver regeneration. In this work, we study the versatility of the decellularized liver matrix as a substrate coating of three-dimensional cryogel scaffolds. The coated cryogels were analyzed for their ability to maintain hepatic cell growth and functionality in vitro, which was found to be significantly better than the uncoated cryogel scaffolds. The decellularized liver matrix-coated cryogel scaffolds were evaluated for their potential application as a cell-loaded bioreactor for bioartificial liver support and as an implantable liver construct. Extracorporeal connection of the coated cryogel bioreactor to a liver failure model showed improvement in liver function parameters. Additionally, offline clinical evaluation of the bioreactor using patient-derived liver failure plasma showed its efficacy in improving liver failure conditions by approximately 30-60%. Furthermore, implantation of the decellularized matrix-coated cryogel showed complete integration with the native tissue as confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue sections. HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes seeded in the coated cryogel scaffolds implanted in the liver failure model maintained functionality in terms of albumin synthesis and cytochrome P450 activity post 2 weeks of implantation. In addition, a 20-60% improvement in liver function parameters was observed post implantation. These results, put together, suggest a possibility of using the decellularized matrix-coated cryogel scaffolds for liver tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Damania
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences , Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Arun K Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Haruna Kimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences , Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
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Leonart LP, Gasparetto JC, Pontes FLD, Cerqueira LB, de Francisco TMG, Pontarolo R. New Metabolites of Coumarin Detected in Human Urine Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2017; 22:E2031. [PMID: 29165357 PMCID: PMC6150206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) is a natural compound whose metabolism in humans was established in the 1970s. However, a new metabolite was recently identified in human plasma, indicating that the metabolism of coumarin has not been completely elucidated. To complement the knowledge of its metabolism, a rapid and sensitive method using UPLC-QTOF-MS was developed. A total of 12 metabolites was identified using MetaboLynxTM software, including eight metabolites not previously reported in human urine. The identified biotransformation included hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, and conjugation with N-acetylcysteine. The present work demonstrates that the metabolism study of coumarin was incomplete, possibly due to limitations of old techniques. The identification of eight inedited metabolites of such a simple molecule suggests that the information regarding the metabolism of other drugs may also be incomplete, and therefore, new investigations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Paula Leonart
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - João Cleverson Gasparetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Lada Degaut Pontes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Bonancio Cerqueira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Hu M, Piller NB. Strategies for Avoiding Benzopyrone Hepatotoxicity in Lymphedema Management-The Role of Pharmacogenetics, Metabolic Enzyme Gene Identification, and Patient Selection. Lymphat Res Biol 2017; 15:317-323. [PMID: 29087786 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2017.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzopyrones are plant-derived chemicals which have an evidenced degree of clinical efficacy in lymphedema management indicated in past trials. Unfortunately, in some of these cases idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity have been documented in a minority of patients. This review aims to tackle the problem of benzopyrone (particularly coumarin) toxicity by considering their metabolic pathways and identifying relevant alleles needed to take a targeted pharmacogenetic approach in its future use. METHODS AND RESULTS The nontoxic 7-hydroxylation and the toxic heterocyclic "ring-splitting" epoxidation pathways are the two main detoxification pathways in the hepatometabolism of coumarin, the former catalyzed by CYP2A6 and the latter by possibly CYP1A and CYP2E. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) clears toxic aldehyde intermediates. CYP2A6 polymorphism screening methods, including genotyping, by real-time polymerase chain reaction and chromatography-mass spectroscopy functional metabolite assays; efficiency of these techniques are continually improving. ALDH polymorphisms have also been implicated, with clinically viable screening tests, rapid genotyping, and sensitive questionnaires already available for ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2. Dysfunctional polymorphisms of the above genes and others are significantly more prevalent in Eastern Asian populations, uncommon in Caucasian populations. The role of other enzymes/genes in the pathway is yet to be clarified. CONCLUSION Although screening techniques are becoming increasingly clinically feasible, uncertainty remains on the link between the genotype, metabolic phenotype, and the exact gene products involved. These must be elucidated further before a targeted pharmacogenomic approach is fully viable. In the meantime, treatment should be avoided in those with vulnerable familial and ethnic descents if used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Hu
- 1 School of Medicine, Flinders University , South Australia, Australia
| | - Neil B Piller
- 2 Lymphoedema Clinical Research Unit , Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
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Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, Nikolic D, Chen SN, Pauli GF, van Breemen RB. Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:182-190. [PMID: 28774812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of licorice dietary supplements to interact with drug metabolism was evaluated by testing extracts of three botanically identified licorice species (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish. ex DC. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin) and 14 isolated licorice compounds for inhibition of 9 cytochrome P450 enzymes using a UHPLC-MS/MS cocktail assay. G. glabra showed moderate inhibitory effects against CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, and weak inhibition against CYP3A4 (testosterone). In contrast, G. uralensis strongly inhibited CYP2B6 and moderately inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, and G. inflata strongly inhibited CYP2C enzymes and moderately inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 (midazolam). The licorice compounds isoliquiritigenin, licoricidin, licochalcone A, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, and glycycoumarin inhibited one or more members of the CYP2C family of enzymes. Glycycoumarin and licochalcone A inhibited CYP1A2, but only glycycoumarin inhibited CYP2B6. Isoliquiritigenin, glabridin and licoricidin competitively inhibited CYP3A4, while licochalcone A (specific to G. inflata roots) was a mechanism-based inhibitor. The three licorice species commonly used in botanical dietary supplements have varying potential for drug-botanical interactions as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms. Each species of licorice displays a unique profile of constituents with potential for drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Luying Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Tomankova V, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. Effects of obesity on liver cytochromes P450 in various animal models. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:144-151. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Analysis of small biomolecules and xenobiotic metabolism using converted graphene-like monolayer plates and laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 168:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shimada T. Inhibition of Carcinogen-Activating Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Xenobiotic Chemicals in Relation to Antimutagenicity and Anticarcinogenicity. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:79-96. [PMID: 28443179 PMCID: PMC5402866 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.2.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of xenobiotic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl- and heterocyclic amines and tobacco related nitrosamines, are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens and are required to be activated to chemically reactive metabolites by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP), in order to initiate cell transformation. Of various human P450 enzymes determined to date, CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A13, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 are reported to play critical roles in the bioactivation of these carcinogenic chemicals. In vivo studies have shown that disruption of Cyp1b1 and Cyp2a5 genes in mice resulted in suppression of tumor formation caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, respectively. In addition, specific inhibitors for CYP1 and 2A enzymes are able to suppress tumor formation caused by several carcinogens in experimental animals in vivo, when these inhibitors are applied before or just after the administration of carcinogens. In this review, we describe recent progress, including our own studies done during past decade, on the nature of inhibitors of human CYP1 and CYP2A enzymes that have been shown to activate carcinogenic PAHs and tobacco-related nitrosamines, respectively, in humans. The inhibitors considered here include a variety of carcinogenic and/or non-carcinogenic PAHs and acethylenic PAHs, many flavonoid derivatives, derivatives of naphthalene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and pyrene and chemopreventive organoselenium compounds, such as benzyl selenocyanate and benzyl selenocyanate; o-XSC, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-phenylenebis( methylene)selenocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Burkina V, Rasmussen MK, Pilipenko N, Zamaratskaia G. Comparison of xenobiotic-metabolising human, porcine, rodent, and piscine cytochrome P450. Toxicology 2017; 375:10-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shi X, Wang S, Qian Q, Zhou N, Qi P, Mu X, Wang Q. Herb–herb pharmacokinetic interaction between Glehniae radix and Ophiopogonis radix in rats using superimposed multiple product ion (SMPI) LC-HR-MS/MS. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb–herb pharmacokinetic interaction between Glehniae radix and Ophiopogonis radix in rats was studied using superimposed multiple product ion (SMPI) LC-HR-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Pengcheng Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
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Amin HK, El-Araby AM, Eid S, Nasr T, Bondock S, Leheta O, Dawoud ME. A Thiazole Analogue Exhibits an Anti-Proliferative Effect in Different Human Carcinoma Cell Lines and Its Mechanism Based on Molecular Modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2017.71005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hosono H, Kumondai M, Maekawa M, Yamaguchi H, Mano N, Oda A, Hirasawa N, Hiratsuka M. Functional Characterization of 34 CYP2A6 Allelic Variants by Assessment of Nicotine C-Oxidation and Coumarin 7-Hydroxylation Activities. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 45:279-285. [PMID: 27974382 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2A6, a member of the cytochrome P450 (P450) family, is one of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of therapeutic drugs and such tobacco components as nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and N-nitrosodiethylamine. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2A6 are associated with individual variation in smoking behavior, drug toxicities, and the risk of developing several cancers. In this study, we conducted an in vitro analysis of 34 allelic variants of CYP2A6 using nicotine and coumarin as representative CYP2A6 substrates. These variant CYP2A6 proteins were heterologously expressed in 293FT cells, and their enzymatic activities were assessed on the basis of nicotine C-oxidation and coumarin 7-hydroxylation activities. Among the 34 CYP2A6 variants, CYP2A6.2, CYP2A6.5, CYP2A6.6, CYP2A6.10, CYP2A6.26, CYP2A6.36, and CYP2A6.37 exhibited no enzymatic activity, whereas 14 other variants exhibited markedly reduced activity toward both nicotine and coumarin. These comprehensive in vitro findings may provide useful insight into individual differences in smoking behavior, drug efficacy, and cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hosono
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (H.H., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., H.Y., N.M.), Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
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Iwata N, Kainuma M, Kobayashi D, Kubota T, Sugawara N, Uchida A, Ozono S, Yamamuro Y, Furusyo N, Ueda K, Tahara E, Shimazoe T. The Relation between Hepatotoxicity and the Total Coumarin Intake from Traditional Japanese Medicines Containing Cinnamon Bark. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:174. [PMID: 27378929 PMCID: PMC4913087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon bark is commonly used in traditional Japanese herbal medicines (Kampo medicines). The coumarin contained in cinnamon is known to be hepatotoxic, and a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.1 mg/kg/day, has been quantified and used in Europe to insure safety. Risk assessments for hepatotoxicity by the cinnamon contained in foods have been reported. However, no such assessment of cinnamon bark has been reported and the coumarin content of Kampo medicines derived from cinnamon bark is not yet known. To assess the risk for hepatotoxicity by Kampo medicines, we evaluated the daily coumarin intake of patients who were prescribed Kampo medicines and investigated the relation between hepatotoxicity and the coumarin intake. The clinical data of 129 outpatients (18 male and 111 female, median age 58 years) who had been prescribed keishibukuryogankayokuinin (TJ-125) between April 2008 and March 2013 was retrospectively investigated. Concurrent Kampo medicines and liver function were also surveyed. In addition to TJ-125, the patients took some of the other 32 Kampo preparations and 22 decoctions that include cinnamon bark. The coumarin content of these Kampo medicines was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). TJ-125 had the highest daily content of coumarin (5.63 mg/day), calculated from the daily cinnamon bark dosage reported in the information leaflet inserted in each package of Kampo medicine. The coumarin content in 1g cinnamon bark decoction was 3.0 mg. The daily coumarin intake of the patients was 0.113 (0.049–0.541) mg/kg/day, with 98 patients (76.0%) exceeding the TDI. Twenty-three patients had an abnormal change in liver function test value, but no significant difference was found in the incidence of abnormal change between the group consuming less than the TDI value (6/31, 19.4%) and the group consuming equal to or greater than the TDI value (17/98, 17.3%). In addition, no abnormal change related to cinnamon bark was found for individual patients. This paper was done to assess the risk of hepatotoxicity by the coumarin contained in Kampo medicines and to clarify whether or not the Kampo preparations in general use that contain cinnamon bark may be safely used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Iwata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mosaburo Kainuma
- Community Medicine Education Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University HospitalFukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Sugawara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aiko Uchida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ozono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamuro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koso Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tahara
- Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Oriental Medical Center, Iizuka Hospital Iizuka, Japan
| | - Takao Shimazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
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Gallo A, Moschini M, Masoero F. Aflatoxins absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract and in the vaginal mucosa in lactating dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2008.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pharmacokinetic interactions between artesunate-mefloquine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in healthy Thai adults. Malar J 2015; 14:400. [PMID: 26452725 PMCID: PMC4600319 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concomitant use of anti-malarial and antiretroviral drugs is increasingly frequent in malaria and HIV endemic regions. The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between the anti-malarial drugs, artesunate-mefloquine and the antiretroviral drug, lopinavir boosted with ritonavir (LPV/r). Methods The study was an open-label, three-way, sequential, cross-over, pharmacokinetic study in healthy Thai adults. Subjects received the following treatments: Period 1: standard 3-day artesunate-mefloquine combination; Period 2 (2 months wash-out): oral LPV/r 400 mg/100 mg twice a day for 14 days; and, Period 3: artesunate-mefloquine and LPV/r twice a day for 3 days. Sixteen subjects (eight females) were enrolled and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Results In the presence of LPV/r, artesunate Cmax and systemic exposure were significantly increased by 45–80 %, while the metabolic ratio of dihydroartemisinin to artesunate was significantly reduced by 72 %. In addition, mefloquine Cmax and systemic exposure were significantly reduced by 19–37 %. In the presence of artesunate-mefloquine, lopinavir Cmax was significantly reduced by 22 % but without significant change in systemic drug exposure. The 90 % CI of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of AUC0−∞ and Cmax were outside the acceptable bioequivalent range for each drug. Drug treatments were generally well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Vertigo, nausea and vomiting were the most common adverse events reported. Conclusion The reduction in systemic exposure of all investigated drugs raises concerns of an increased risk of treatment failure rate in co-infected patients and should be further investigated.
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Jameel E, Umar T, Kumar J, Hoda N. Coumarin: A Privileged Scaffold for the Design and Development of Antineurodegenerative Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:21-38. [PMID: 26242562 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug development for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is foremost task for the medicinal chemists in the 21st century. Coumarins are exemplary of an assorted and aptitudinally useful set of drugs. Coumarins play a momentous role in several pharmacological and medicinal aspects. Its analogues are anticipated to play a significant role in the development of new therapeutic leads for NDs. Their promising applications in the field of ND medication are exemplified by clinical candidates such as nodakenin that have been potent for demoting memory impairment. Apart from ND, clinically used anticoagulant warfarin, anticoagulant dicoumarol, and antibiotic coumermycin, novobiocin and chartesium grab the interest of researchers in coumarins. It would be worthwhile to look at the different biological processes that could cause neurodegeneration, thereby establishing a link with distinct coumarin derivatives to serve the purpose of medication. This review undertakes estimation of the wide spectrum of studies focusing coumarin to the domain of drug research for ND. Herein, we search for multitarget coumarin-based inhibitors and their scope for NDs. Future challenges in coumarin-based drug development have been discussed, and emphases have been laid on the future perspectives of coumarins as possible drugs in the future for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Tarana Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
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Li G, Huang K, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB. High-Throughput Cytochrome P450 Cocktail Inhibition Assay for Assessing Drug-Drug and Drug-Botanical Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1670-8. [PMID: 26285764 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of drug-drug interactions is essential during the early stages of drug discovery and development, and the understanding of drug-botanical interactions is important for the safe use of botanical dietary supplements. Among the different forms of drug interactions that are known, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is the most common cause of drug-drug or drug-botanical interactions. Therefore, a rapid and comprehensive mass spectrometry-based in vitro high-throughput P450 cocktail inhibition assay was developed that uses 10 substrates simultaneously against nine CYP isoforms. Including probe substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and two probes targeting different binding sites of CYP3A4/5, this cocktail simultaneously assesses at least as many P450 enzymes as previous assays while remaining among the fastest due to short incubation times and rapid analysis using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated using known inhibitors of each P450 enzyme and then shown to be useful not only for single-compound testing but also for the evaluation of potential drug-botanical interactions using the botanical dietary supplement licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ke Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
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Juvonen RO, Kuusisto M, Fohrgrup C, Pitkänen MH, Nevalainen TJ, Auriola S, Raunio H, Pasanen M, Pentikäinen OT. Inhibitory effects and oxidation of 6-methylcoumarin, 7-methylcoumarin and 7-formylcoumarin via human CYP2A6 and its mouse and pig orthologous enzymes. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:14-24. [PMID: 26068522 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1048327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Information about the metabolism of compounds is essential in drug discovery and development, risk assessment of chemicals and further development of predictive methods. 2. In vitro and in silico methods were applied to evaluate the metabolic and inhibitory properties of 6-methylcoumarin, 7-methylcoumarin and 7-formylcoumarin with human CYP2A6, mouse CYP2A5 and pig CYP2A19. 3. 6-Methylcoumarin was oxidized to fluorescent 7-hydroxy-6-methylcoumarin by CYP2A6 (Km: 0.64-0.91 µM; Vmax: 0.81-0.89 min(-1)) and by CYP2A5 and CYP2A19. The reaction was almost completely inhibited at 10 µM 7-methylcoumarin in liver microsomes of human and mouse, but in pig only 40% inhibition was obtained with the anti-CYP2A5 antibody or with methoxsalen and pilocarpine. 7-Methylcoumarin was a mechanism-based inhibitor for CYP2A6, but not for the mouse and pig enzymes. 7-Formylcoumarin was a mechanism-based inhibitor for CYP2As of all species. 4. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations of 6-methylcoumarin and 7-methylcoumarin in the active sites of CYP2A6 and CYP2A5 demonstrated a favorable orientation of the 7-position of 6-methylcoumarin towards the heme moiety. Several orientations of 7-methylcoumarin were possible in CYP2A6 and CYP2A5. 5. These results indicate that the active site of CYP2A6 has unique interaction properties for ligands and differs in this respect from CYP2A5 and CYP2A19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto O Juvonen
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Mira Kuusisto
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and.,b Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Carolin Fohrgrup
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Mari H Pitkänen
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Tapio J Nevalainen
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Seppo Auriola
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Hannu Raunio
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Markku Pasanen
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland and
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- b Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
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46
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Barot KP, Jain SV, Kremer L, Singh S, Ghate MD. Recent advances and therapeutic journey of coumarins: current status and perspectives. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Polindara-García LA, Montesinos-Miguel D, Vazquez A. An efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of cotinine and iso-cotinine analogs from an Ugi-4CR approach. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of cotinine and iso-cotinine analogs featuring an Ugi-4CR/cyclization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Polindara-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
| | - Dario Montesinos-Miguel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
| | - Alfredo Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
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48
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Ruiz ML, Mottino AD, Catania VA, Vore M. Hormonal regulation of hepatic drug biotransformation and transport systems. Compr Physiol 2014; 3:1721-40. [PMID: 24265243 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human body is constantly exposed to many xenobiotics including environmental pollutants, food additives, therapeutic drugs, etc. The liver is considered the primary site for drug metabolism and elimination pathways, consisting in uptake, phase I and II reactions, and efflux processes, usually acting in this same order. Modulation of biotransformation and disposition of drugs of clinical application has important therapeutic and toxicological implications. We here provide a compilation and analysis of relevant, more recent literature reporting hormonal regulation of hepatic drug biotransformation and transport systems. We provide additional information on the effect of hormones that tentatively explain differences between sexes. A brief discussion on discrepancies between experimental models and species, as well as a link between gender-related differences and the hormonal mechanism explaining such differences, is also presented. Finally, we include a comment on the pathophysiological, toxicological, and pharmacological relevance of these regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Ruiz
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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49
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Konstandi M, Johnson EO, Lang MA. Consequences of psychophysiological stress on cytochrome P450-catalyzed drug metabolism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:149-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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