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Borda L, Bia G, Borgnino L, Chiaramonte N, García MG. Understanding arsenic-ulexite interactions in evaporite environments: Evidence from XRPD, micro-XRF, micro-FT-IR, and XPS studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134547. [PMID: 38772104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
World-class borate deposits often form from As-rich waters, this study addresses the understudied association of arsenic (As) species with evaporite borates, focusing on the Puna region's borate deposits (Central Andes of Argentina). The research aims to characterize the association between borate minerals and high As concentrations in brines and thermal waters. To achieve this, five borate samples were collected from the Olaroz salt flat nucleus and thermal springs, alongside associated water samples. Comprehensive analytical techniques, including ICP-MS, ICP-OES, synchrotron-based micro-XRF, XRPD, Rietveld analysis, micro-FT-IR, and XPS, were employed to determine bulk and surface chemical compositions, mineral identification, and solid speciation of As and boron. The study reveals that under oxidizing conditions and in absence of organic matter, aqueous arsenic species interact with ulexite through a stepwise process involving charge neutralization, cationic bridge formation, and surface complex formation with polyborate and As(V) oxyanions. However, in environments associated with microbial mats or organic-rich sediments, the dissolved As(V) is reduced to As(III), which forms complexes with functional groups of organic matter. The coexistence of As(III) and As(V) in specific layers suggests potential remediation strategies targeting organic matter for the removal of the more toxic As(III) in similar geological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Borda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - G Bia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Borgnino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N Chiaramonte
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M G García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Su C, Cai J, Zheng Q, Peng R, Yu X, Shen P, Liu D. Differential surface modification mechanism of chalcopyrite and pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and its response to bioflotation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130619. [PMID: 38552857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Mineral processing encounters the challenge of separating chalcopyrite and pyrite, with the conventional high alkali process characterized by issues such as large dosages of reagents, complex procedures, and environmental pollution. This study addresses this challenge by isolating and enriching Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T·f) from acidic mine drainage, employing it as a biosurfactant. The modification mechanism of T·f was thoroughly analyzed. Fe dissolution through biological oxidation formed a passivation layer (jarosite [KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6], elemental sulfur (S0), and metal sulfides (Cu/Fe-S) on the surface of minerals. Metal oxides, hydroxides, and sulfates were detected on the surface of two minerals, but the difference was that elemental sulfur (S0) and copper sulfide (Cu-S) were detected on the surface of chalcopyrite. elucidating the fundamental reason for the significant difference in surface hydrophobicity between chalcopyrite and pyrite. T·f has been successfully used as a biosurfactant to achieve copper-sulfur separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jinpeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Qifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xingcai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Peilun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Dianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China.
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Bia G, García MG, Cosentino NJ, Borgnino L. Dispersion of arsenic species from highly explosive historical volcanic eruptions in Patagonia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158389. [PMID: 36055506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Andean volcanic rocks typically have low to moderate arsenic (As) concentrations. However, elevated levels of As in groundwaters of southern South America have been reported as a consequence of weathering of volcanic glass. This study discusses the abundance, speciation and dispersion of As species in fresh volcanic ash from highly explosive (Volcanic Explosivity Index: 4-5) Patagonian eruptions, as well as the potential of As release to aqueous reservoirs. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and micro-focused X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to evaluate As solid speciation. Batch experiments at different pH conditions were performed with the aim of understanding the controls on As release to aqueous reservoirs. Bulk chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy. Finally, to understand how As-bearing phases are spatially distributed after eruptions, simulations of volcanic ash emission, transport and deposition were performed. Results indicate that the concentration, speciation, and mobility of As in fresh Patagonian volcanic ash depend on the silica content of source magmas. Although the main As host in volcanic ash is Al-silicate glass, this phase is stable at neutral pH characteristic of most aqueous reservoirs. Higher contributions of As to water are associated with the more mobile As species that concentrate onto the surface of Al-silicate glass. Atmospheric dispersion simulations revealed that primary fallout of As-bearing ash has affected large areas in Patagonia, but also reached the Chaco-Pampean plain, where the presence of As-rich groundwater has been widely documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Bia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), CONICET -UNC, Argentina; FCEFyN Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M Gabriela García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), CONICET -UNC, Argentina; FCEFyN Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás J Cosentino
- Instituto de Geografía, Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Ciencia Política, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Laura Borgnino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), CONICET -UNC, Argentina; FCEFyN Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Bai Y, Wang W, Xie F, Lu D, Jiang K, Dreisinger D. In-situ electrochemical study of chalcopyrite pressure oxidation leaching from 110 °C to 150 °C under saturated vapor pressure. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Dong Y, Chen D, Lin H. The behavior of heavy metal release from sulfide waste rock under microbial action and different environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75293-75306. [PMID: 35655012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of heavy metals from the waste rock is controlled by many factors. Herein, we investigated the release behavior of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) from sulfide waste rock under the actions of microorganisms and different environmental factors (solution pH value, particle size of waste rock, temperature, Fe3+ concentration). The release quantity of heavy metals was negatively correlated with pH and particle size and positively correlated with ambient temperature and Fe3+ concentration. Under the experimental conditions of pH value of 3.0, temperature of 35°C, and waste stone particle size of less than 0.075 mm,, the release quantity of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn reached 3680, 18.32, 132.20, 26.60 mg·kg-1 after 20 days of leaching, respectively. Rising the temperature to 45 °C, Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn release quantities increased to 89.30, 5.81, 105.08, and 28.00 mg·kg-1. Six hundred milligrams per liter Fe3+ increased the release of heavy metals considerably (2.63-65.48 folds). The presence of microorganisms can significantly facilitate the release of heavy metals. Compared to the control group, the release quantities of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn increased 4.29, 3.17, 1.54, and 2.39 times, respectively. In addition, the waste rock under microbial action was more seriously corroded than that under chemical factors. The release behavior of these four heavy metals was consistent with the interfacial chemical reaction control model, indicating that the reactions mainly occurred on the surface of the waste rock. This study provides an essential reference for the study of heavy metal leaching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Danni Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ma Y, Chen M. Combined SECM and spectroscopy investigation of the interfacial chemistry of chalcopyrite during anodic oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gomes BLFDM, Bertoli AC, Duarte HA. Growing Mechanism of Polysulfides and Elemental Sulfur Formation: Implications to Hindered Chalcopyrite Dissolution. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1660-1665. [PMID: 35258305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-deficient polysulfides have been argued for a long time to be responsible for the low kinetics of chalcopyrite leaching to extract copper. It has been shown that chalcopyrite surfaces are the source of sulfur that is oxidized to form polysulfides and elemental sulfur. Electronic structure calculations were performed for HxSnx-2 (x = 0, 1, 2 and n = 1...20), aiming to understand the effect of the pH on the growing chains and the formation of elemental sulfur. The estimated pKa1 of the H2Sn polysulfides converges from 4.2 (n = 3) to 3.4 (n ≥ 8), and the estimated pKa2 converges from 7.6 (n = 3) to 4.1 (n ≥ 8). The initial steps of the formation of polysulfide chains are more favored for protonated species. The elemental sulfur formation due to the decomposition of polysulfides to form smaller chains is mostly favored for protonated species with n smaller than 12. For larger chains, the decomposition is thermodynamically favored for polysulfides with any degree of protonation. The consequences of these results to the understanding of the mechanism of the chalcopyrite leaching process are discussed with the focus on the pH effect and the formation of elemental sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lobo Filgueiras de Miranda Gomes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Inorgânica Teórica (GPQIT), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Bertoli
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Inorgânica Teórica (GPQIT), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hélio A Duarte
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Inorgânica Teórica (GPQIT), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
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Adsorption characteristics of Cu2+ species on cerussite surfaces and implications for sulfidization flotation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang X, Qin Y, Han Y, Li Y, Gao P, Li G, Wang S. A potential ceramic ball grinding medium for optimizing flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Leaching of Chalcopyrite under Bacteria–Mineral Contact/Noncontact Leaching Model. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria–mineral contact and noncontact leaching models coexist in the bioleaching process. In the present paper, dialysis bags were used to study the bioleaching process by separating the bacteria from the mineral, and the reasons for chalcopyrite surface passivation were discussed. The results show that the copper leaching efficiency of the bacteria–mineral contact model was higher than that of the bacteria–mineral noncontact model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) were used to discover that the leaching process led to the formation of a sulfur film to inhibit the diffusion of reactive ions. In addition, the deposited jarosite on chalcopyrite surface was crystallized by the hydrolysis of the excess Fe3+ ions. The depositions passivated the chalcopyrite leaching process. The crystallized jarosite in the bacteria EPS layer belonged to bacteria–mineral contact leaching system, while that in the sulfur films belonged to the bacteria–mineral noncontact system.
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Wang J, Xie L, Han L, Wang X, Wang J, Zeng H. In-situ probing of electrochemical dissolution and surface properties of chalcopyrite with implications for the dissolution kinetics and passivation mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Electrochemical study and XPS analysis of chalcopyrite dissolution in sulfuric acid in the presence of ethylene glycol. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu J, Ma W, Wang X, Jiao F, Qin W. The effect of galvanic interaction between chalcopyrite and pyrite on the surface chemistry and collector adsorption: Flotation and DFT study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Fabrication of novel magnetic core-shell chelating adsorbent for rapid and highly efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Surface phenomena play the crucial role in the behavior of sulfide minerals in mineral processing of base and precious metal ores, including flotation, leaching, and environmental concerns. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is the main experimental technique for surface characterization at present. However, there exist a number of problems related with complex composition of natural mineral systems, and instability of surface species and mineral/aqueous phase interfaces in the spectrometer vacuum. This overview describes contemporary XPS methods in terms of categorization and quantitative analysis of oxidation products, adsorbates and non-stoichiometric layers of sulfide phases, depth and lateral spatial resolution for minerals and ores under conditions related to mineral processing and hydrometallurgy. Specific practices allowing to preserve volatile species, e.g., elemental sulfur, polysulfide anions and flotation collectors, as well as solid/liquid interfaces are surveyed; in particular, the prospects of ambient pressure XPS and cryo-XPS of fast-frozen wet mineral pastes are discussed. It is also emphasized that further insights into the surface characteristics of individual minerals in technological slurries need new protocols of sample preparation in conjunction with high spatial resolution photoelectron spectroscopy that is still unavailable or unutilized in practice.
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Li L, Liu G, Ghahreman A. The interaction of Ag+ with synthetic chalcopyrite in the presence of Fe3+ and Cu2+ in sulfuric acid solutions. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dissolution and Passivation of Chalcopyrite during Bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans at Low Temperature. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge on the dissolution and passivation mechanisms of chalcopyrite during bioleaching at low temperature has been limited to date. In this study, an Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans strain with high tolerance to heavy metals and UV radiation was used for chalcopyrite bioleaching. At 6 °C, no apparent precipitate was detected on the mineral surface after bioleaching using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the ore residue contained only chalcopyrite and quartz. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the content of S0 on the mineral surface remained low and the ratio of SO42− decreased from 46.7% to 20.9%, but the amount of Sn2− increased from 10.4% to 21.4% after bioleaching. Expression of five critical iron- and sulfur-oxidation genes during bioleaching was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. The gene rusA had higher expression in the mid-log phase than in the stationary phase but hdrA and cyoC1 showed an opposite trend. All genes had higher expression at 6 °C than at 28 °C, so as to compensate for the decline in the enzyme activities. The study revealed that polysulfide was the most plausible passivating substance at 6 °C, and the strain can maintain the iron- and sulfur-oxidation activities during low-temperature bioleaching.
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Intermediates Transformation of Bornite Bioleaching by Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus caldus. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioleaching experiments, electrochemical tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to investigate the intermediates transformation of bornite by Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus caldus. The bioleaching experimental results showed that the presence of L. ferriphilum and A. caldus significantly accelerated the bornite bioleaching. In addition, the intermediate species of bornite bioleaching with these two kinds of bacteria were similar. Electrochemical analysis indicated that the dissolution of bornite was an acid-consuming process. The results of XRD showed that intermediate species, namely covellite (CuS), mooihoekit (Cu9Fe9S16) and isocubanite (CuFe2S3), were formed during bornite bioleaching, and a mass of elemental sulfur was formed in the late stage of bioleaching. The Cu 2p photoelectron spectrum revealed that Cu was present in the form of Cu (I) during the bornite bioleaching. Additionally, the S 2p3/2 photoelectron spectrum suggested that S2− and S22− were gradually converted to Sn2−/S0, and the formation of elemental sulfur hindered the further dissolution of the bornite.
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Pyrite-based mixtures as composite electrodes for lithium-sulfur batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-4148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oxidative Depression of Arsenopyrite by Using Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Humate. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During smelting, arsenic in copper concentrates affects the product quality and causes environmental pollution. Removing arsenic minerals from copper concentrates requires environmental-friendly and cost-effective depressants for flotation separation. Ca(ClO)2 was combined with sodium humate (SH) to improve the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite. Results of single-mineral flotation indicated that combined Ca(ClO)2 and SH significantly inhibited arsenopyrite and exerted a negligible effect on chalcopyrite. The arsenic content in copper concentrates significantly decreased from 63% to 11% in the absence of a depressant and in the presence of Ca(ClO)2 and SH, as proven by the mixed-mineral flotation results. SH can adsorb on both mineral surfaces as indicated by the zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. However, the presence of Ca(ClO)2 increased the adsorption of arsenopyrite compared with chalcopyrite. The arsenopyrite floatability depressed with the Ca(ClO)2 oxidation and subsequent SH adsorption, as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results of flotation tests confirmed that the chalcopyrite surface was slightly oxidized, but it remained hydrophobic. The combination of depressants has the potential for industrial application.
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Bao Y, Xu G, Tian X, Xu P, Ma J. Effect of ammonia molecules on the separation of pentlandite from serpentine using copper (II) as activator. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Insights into the Surface Transformation and Electrochemical Dissolution Process of Bornite in Bioleaching. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Saavedra A, García-Meza JV, Cortón E, González I. Understanding galvanic interactions between chalcopyrite and magnetite in acid medium to improve copper (Bio)Leaching. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Deng S, Gu G, He G, Li L. Catalytic effect of pyrite on the leaching of arsenopyrite in sulfuric acid and acid culture medium. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang C, Qin W, Zhao H, Wang J, Wang X. Mixed Potential Plays a Key Role in Leaching of Chalcopyrite: Experimental and Theoretical Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congren Yang
- School
of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenqing Qin
- School
of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- School
of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School
of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- School
of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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26
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Co-Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite and Silver-Bearing Bornite in a Mixed Moderately Thermophilic Culture. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bioleaching of two different genetic types of chalcopyrite and their comparative mineralogical assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1725-1733. [PMID: 29270659 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioleaching of two different genetic types of chalcopyrite by the moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans was investigated by leaching behaviors elucidation and their comparative mineralogical assessment. The leaching experiment showed that the skarn-type chalcopyrite (STC) revealed a much faster leaching rate with 33.34% copper extracted finally, while only 23.53% copper was bioleached for the porphyry-type chalcopyrite (PTC). The mineralogical properties were analyzed by XRD, SEM, XPS, and Fermi energy calculation. XRD indicated that the unit cell volume of STC was a little larger than that of PTC. SEM indicated that the surface of STC had more steps and ridges. XPS spectra showed that Cu(I) was the dominant species of copper on the surfaces of the two chalcopyrite samples, and STC had much more copper with lower Cu 2p3/2 binding energy. Additionally, the Fermi energy of STC was much higher than that of PTC. These mineralogical differences were in good agreement with the bioleaching behaviors of chalcopyrite. This study will provide some new information for evaluating the oxidation kinetics of chalcopyrite.
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Zhao L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Luo C, Wu D. Enhanced degradation of chloramphenicol at alkaline conditions by S(-II) assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions using pyrite. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:557-566. [PMID: 28915374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Fenton-like reactions catalyzed by pyrite can efficiently degrade organic contaminants by oxidation process. When chloramphenicol (CAP) was exposed to the pyrite-H2O2 system, the CAP removal rate rapidly reached 100% however slowed to a halt at alkaline conditions. Results indicated that by adding S(-II) in pyrite-H2O2 system improved the oxidation efficiency of CAP at alkaline conditions. The transformation of S22- and Sn2- observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed that amorphous iron polysulfide (FeSn) was freshly generated on the pyrite surface. The availability of S(-II) promoted the generation of FeSn. Besides, S(-II) played a role in accelerating the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles. The potential of S(-II) activating H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH), which was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, quenching experiments, and trapping experiments, have supported the proposed mechanisms. This study came up with an efficient way of enhancing Fenton-like reactions by pyrite catalyzed at alkaline conditions, by adding S(-II) in the system. The new findings have implications for sulfide minerals, their interactions with pollutants, and the transformation products of sulfur in systems where Fe species are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Yin Z, Sun W, Hu Y, Zhang C, Guan Q, Liu R, Chen P, Tian M. Utilization of acetic acid-[(hydrazinylthioxomethyl)thio]-sodium as a novel selective depressant for chalcopyrite in the flotation separation of molybdenite. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kuzmina O, Symianakis E, Godfrey D, Albrecht T, Welton T. Ionic liquids for metal extraction from chalcopyrite: solid, liquid and gas phase studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21556-21564. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-oxidative leaching in ionic liquids revealed novel dependencies between the evolution of gas species, passivation layers and metal extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Kuzmina
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - E. Symianakis
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - D. Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - T. Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - T. Welton
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
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Mikhlin Y, Nasluzov V, Romanchenko A, Tomashevich Y, Shor A, Félix R. Layered structure of the near-surface region of oxidized chalcopyrite (CuFeS2): hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT+U studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2749-2759. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-depleted layers with different S species are found, and mechanisms for their formation and metal sulfide ‘passivation’ are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Mikhlin
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
| | - Vladimir Nasluzov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
| | - Alexander Romanchenko
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
| | - Yevgeny Tomashevich
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
| | - Alexey Shor
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
| | - Roberto Félix
- Renewable Energy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
- Lise-Meitner-Campus
- 14109 Berlin
- Germany
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33
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Possible Chalcopyrite Dissolution Mechanism in Sulfuric Acidic Aqueous Solution. METALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/met6120303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Deen K, Asselin E. Differentiation of the non-faradaic and pseudocapacitive electrochemical response of graphite felt/CuFeS2 composite electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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The Influence of Impurity Monovalent Cations Adsorption on Reconstructed Chalcopyrite (001)-S Surface in Leaching Process. MINERALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/min6030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chalcopyrite Dissolution at Controlled Redox Potential of 750 mV in Sulfuric Acid Solution. MINERALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/min6030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tao H, Dongwei L. Presentation on mechanisms and applications of chalcopyrite and pyrite bioleaching in biohydrometallurgy - a presentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 4:107-119. [PMID: 28626669 PMCID: PMC5466140 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines classic and current research, scientific documents and research achievements in bioleaching, particularly in respect of the bioleaching of chalcopyrite and pyrite. The diversity and commonality of the microbial leaching process can be easily studied through comparing the bioleaching mechanism and the application of these two metal sulfides. The crystal, electronic and surface structures of chalcopyrite and pyrite are summarized in detail in this paper. It determines the specific and complicated interaction pathways, kinetics of the atmospheric/aqueous oxidation, and the control process of bioleaching of the minerals as the precondition. Bioleaching of metal sulfides is performed by a diverse group of microorganisms and microbial communities. The species of the bacteria which have a significant effect on leaching ores are miraculously diverse. The newly identified acidophilic microorganisms with unique characteristics for efficient bioleaching of sulfidic minerals are increasing sharply. The cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, which are still implicit, elusive and intangible at present day, have gradually become a research hotspot. The different mineralogy characteristics and the acid solubility of the metal sulfides (e.g., chalcopyrite and pyrite) cause two different dissolution pathways, the thiosulfate and the polysulfide pathways. The bioleaching mechanisms are categorized by contact (an electrostatic attachment) and noncontact (planktonic) process, with emphasis on the produce of extracellular polymeric substances and formation of biofilm on the surface of the metal sulfides in this paper. The division of the direct and indirect effect are not adopted due to the redox chain, the reduction of the ferric iron and oxidation of the ferrous iron. The molecular oxygen is reduced by the electrons extracted from the specific metal sulfide, via a redox chain forming a supercomplex spanning the periplasmic space and connecting both outer and inner membrane. The passivation of the mineral surface can obviously hinder the dissolution of metal sulfides during the bioleaching process, which is significantly affected by the kinetic model, microenvironment on the surface of ore and the leach conditions, such as temperature, pH and Eh. The new development of mechanism research, enhanced and intensified technologies on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite and pyrite, are conducted and summarized from the different branches of natural science. Some are depicted and explained based on molecular level in this paper. Catalyst and catalytic mechanisms in bioleaching and biooxidation for this two sulfide minerals have been concluded and applied for several decades, the continuous emergence of the new material and technology are also gradually applied into the biohydrometallurgy. The industrial applications of the bioleaching on chalcopyrite and pyrite are totally based on the understanding of the interaction mechanism between microbes and minerals, the optimization of ore leaching conditions and the development of new material and the leaching equipment. It is not incredible and unimaginable to take a different bioleaching process and diagram to deal with the two sulfuric metals, which is vital to succeed in elevating the leaching rate of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Tao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory for Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Dongwei
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory for Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Li Y, Kawashima N, Li J, Chandra A, Gerson A. A review of the structure, and fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of the leaching of chalcopyrite. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 197-198:1-32. [PMID: 23791420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most investigators regard CuFeS2 as having the formal oxidation states of Cu(+)Fe(3+)(S(2-))2. However, the spectroscopic characterisation of chalcopyrite is clearly influenced by the considerable degree of covalency between S and both Fe and Cu. The poor cleavage of CuFeS2 results in conchoidal surfaces. Reconstruction of the fractured surfaces to form, from what was previously bulk S(2-), a mixture of surface S(2-), S2(2) and S(n)(2-) (or metal deficient sulfide) takes place. Oxidation of chalcopyrite in air (i.e. 0.2 atm of O2 equilibrated with atmospheric water vapour) results in a Fe(III)-O-OH surface layer on top of a Cu rich sulfide layer overlying the bulk chalcopyrite with the formation of Cu(II) and Fe(III) sulfate, and Cu(I)-O on prolonged oxidation. Cu2O and Cu2S-like species have also been proposed to form on exposure of chalcopyrite to air. S2(2-), S(n)(2-) and S(0) form on the chalcopyrite surface upon aqueous leaching. The latter two of these species along with a jarosite-like species are frequently proposed to result in surface leaching passivation. However, some investigators have reported the formation of S(0) sufficiently porous to allow ion transportation to and from the chalcopyrite surface. Moreover, under some conditions both S(n)(2-) and S(0) were observed to increase in surface concentration for the duration of the leach with no resulting passivation. The effect of a number of oxidants, e.g. O2, H2O2, Cu(2+), Cr(6+) and Fe(3+), has been examined. However, this is often accompanied by poor control of leach parameters, principally pH and E(h). Nevertheless, there is general agreement in the literature that chalcopyrite leaching is significantly affected by solution redox potential with an optimum E(h) range suggesting the participation of leach steps that involve both oxidation and reduction. Three kinetic models have generally been suggested by researchers to be applicable: diffusion, chemical reaction and a mixed model containing diffusion and chemical components which occur at different stages of leaching. Passivation effects, due to surface diffusion rate control, may be affected by leach conditions such as pH or E(h). However, only initial conditions are generally described and these parameters are not controlled in most studies. However, at fixed pH, E(h) and temperature, it appears most likely that leaching in sulfuric acid media in the presence of added Fe(3+) is surface reaction rate controlled with some initial period, depending on leach conditions, where the leach rate is surface layer diffusion controlled. Although bioleaching of some copper ores has been adopted by industry, bioleaching has yet to be applied to predominantly chalcopyrite ores due to the slow resulting leach rates. Mixed microbial strains usually yield higher leach rates, as compared to single strains, as different bacterial strains are able to adapt to the changing leach conditions throughout the leach process. As for chemical leaching, passivation is also observed on bioleaching with jarosite being likely to be the main contributor. In summary, whilst much has been observed at the macro-scale regarding the chalcopyrite leach process it is clear that interpretation of these phenomena is hampered by lack of understanding at the molecular or atomic scale. Three primary questions that require elucidation, before the overall mechanism can be understood are: 1. How does the surface of chalcopyrite interact with solution or air borne oxidants? 2. How does the nature of these oxidants affect the surface products formed? 3. What determines whether the surface formed will be passivating or not? These can only realistically be tackled by the application of near atomic-scale analytical approaches, which may include quantum chemical modelling, PEEM/SPEM, TEM, AFM etc.
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Panda S, Parhi PK, Nayak BD, Pradhan N, Mohapatra UB, Sukla LB. Two step meso-acidophilic bioleaching of chalcopyrite containing ball mill spillage and removal of the surface passivation layer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:332-338. [PMID: 23313677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Meso-acidophilic bacterial leaching of ball mill spillage (containing chalcopyrite >80%) was carried out in an innovative two-step bioleaching method. The major drawback of meso-acidophilic bioleaching limiting industrial application is the passivation phenomenon over the ore surfaces in iron-sulfur rich environments. In the present study, we present a novel wash solution that efficiently removed the passivation layer. FTIR characterization of the bioleached sample indicated that the residues could be further leached to recover extra copper after wash solution application. XRD study indicated accumulation of sulfates (SO(4)(-)) of Na, K, Fe and oxy hydroxides of iron [FeO(OH)] in the form of jarosite outlining the passivation layer. SEM, FESEM-EDS studies indicated severe corrosion effects of the wash solution on the passivation layer. Two step bioleaching of the ore sample yielded 32.6% copper in 68days in the first interlude and post wash solution application yielded 10.8% additional copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Panda
- Bioresources Engineering Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT), Bhubaneswar 751013, India.
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Qin W, Yang C, Lai S, Wang J, Liu K, Zhang B. Bioleaching of chalcopyrite by moderately thermophilic microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:200-208. [PMID: 23246761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of chalcopyrite by moderately thermophilic microorganisms was investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), accompanying with the leaching behavior elucidation. Leaching experiment showed that there was clear benefit in leaching chalcopyrite within the low solution potential (below 400 mV vs. SCE), compared to the high potential leach (above 550 mV vs. SCE). Simultaneous maintenance of an appropriate concentration of total dissolved iron was necessary and also beneficial to leach chalcopyrite. The leaching results showed the existence of an optimum pH in the leaching of chalcopyrite by the moderately thermophilic microorganisms. The analysis of CV results revealed that the chalcopyrite was reduced to a series of intermediate products (such as talnakhite, bornite and chalcocite) in the cathodic, and then the intermediate product (chalcocite) was oxidized in the anodic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Qin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, PR China.
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Ghahremaninezhad A, Dixon D, Asselin E. Electrochemical and XPS analysis of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) dissolution in sulfuric acid solution. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Investigation of energy gene expressions and community structures of free and attached acidophilic bacteria in chalcopyrite bioleaching. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1833-40. [PMID: 22968225 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the bioleaching mechanism, expression of genes involved in energy conservation and community structure of free and attached acidophilic bacteria in chalcopyrite bioleaching were investigated. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we studied the expression of genes involved in energy conservation in free and attached Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans during bioleaching of chalcopyrite. Sulfur oxidation genes of attached A. ferrooxidans were up-regulated while ferrous iron oxidation genes were down-regulated compared with free A. ferrooxidans in the solution. The up-regulation may be induced by elemental sulfur on the mineral surface. This conclusion was supported by the results of HPLC analysis. Sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and ferrous-oxidizing Leptospirillum ferrooxidans were the members of the mixed culture in chalcopyrite bioleaching. Study of the community structure of free and attached bacteria showed that A. thiooxidans dominated the attached bacteria while L. ferrooxidans dominated the free bacteria. With respect to available energy sources during bioleaching of chalcopyrite, sulfur-oxidizers tend to be on the mineral surfaces whereas ferrous iron-oxidizers tend to be suspended in the aqueous phase. Taken together, these results indicate that the main role of attached acidophilic bacteria was to oxidize elemental sulfur and dissolution of chalcopyrite involved chiefly an indirect bioleaching mechanism.
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Watlinga HR, Watkinb ELJ, Ralphe DE. The resilience and versatility of acidophiles that contribute to the bio-assisted extraction of metals from mineral sulphides. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:915-933. [PMID: 20662381 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003646646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a brief outline is presented on acidic ferric ion oxidation of mineral sulphides for the extraction of metals in both stirred tank reactors for mineral concentrates and heaps for low-grade ores. The identities and capabilities of the relatively few acidophiles that assist the oxidative processes are summarized and their responses to selected extremes in their growth environments described. Individually, the organisms adapt to the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals and other elements in the bioleaching environment, tolerate a wide range of acidities and can recover from prolonged exposure to temperatures significantly above their preferred temperatures for growth. However, the presence of chloride in their acidic environment presents a significant physiological challenge. Species that exhibit a chemotactic response and attachment to sulphide surfaces, where they can create their own micro-environments, would be favoured in both heap bioreactors with low availability of energy substrates and physically aggressive, agitated continuous stirred-tank reactor environments treating concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Watlinga
- Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions: CSIRO Minerals Down Under Flagship, P.O. Box 7229, Karawara, Western Australia 6152, Australia.
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Xia JL, Yang Y, He H, Liang CL, Zhao XJ, Zheng L, Ma CY, Zhao YD, Nie ZY, Qiu GZ. Investigation of the sulfur speciation during chalcopyrite leaching by moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate using Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in a continuous bubble column reactor. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:289-95. [PMID: 20012335 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the bioleaching performance of chalcopyrite for various hydraulic residence times (HRTs), laboratory-scale bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate was carried out in a continuous bubble column reactor with three different HRTs of 120, 80 and 40 h, respectively. An extraction rate and ratio of 0.578 g Cu l(-1) h(-1) and 39.7%, respectively, were achieved for an HRT of 80 h at a solids concentration of 10% (w/v). Lower bioleaching performances than this were obtained for a longer HRT of 120 h and a shorter HRT of 40 h. In addition, there was obvious competition between Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize ferrous iron, causing large compositional differences between the microbial communities obtained for the different HRTs. Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were found to be the dominant microbes for the longer HRT (120 h). Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans became the dominant species when the HRT was decreased. The proportion of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans was comparatively constant in the microbial community throughout the three process stages.
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Kupka D, Liljeqvist M, Nurmi P, Puhakka JA, Tuovinen OH, Dopson M. Oxidation of elemental sulfur, tetrathionate and ferrous iron by the psychrotolerant Acidithiobacillus strain SS3. Res Microbiol 2009; 160:767-74. [PMID: 19782750 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesophilic iron and sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles are readily found in acid mine drainage sites and bioleaching operations, but relatively little is known about their activities at suboptimal temperatures and in cold environments. The purpose of this work was to characterize the oxidation of elemental sulfur (S(0)), tetrathionate (S4O6(2-)) and ferrous iron (Fe2+) by the psychrotolerant Acidithiobacillus strain SS3. The rates of elemental sulfur and tetrathionate oxidation had temperature optima of 20 degrees and 25 degrees C, respectively, determined using a temperature gradient incubator that involved narrow (1.1 degrees C) incremental increases from 5 degrees to 30 degrees C. Activation energies calculated from the Arrhenius plots were 61 and 89 kJ mol(-1) for tetrathionate and 110 kJ mol(-1) for S(0) oxidation. The oxidation of elemental sulfur produced sulfuric acid at 5 degrees C and decreased the pH to approximately 1. The low pH inhibited further oxidation of the substrate. In media with both S(0) and Fe2+, oxidation of elemental sulfur did not commence until all available ferrous iron was oxidized. These data on sequential oxidation of the two substrates are in keeping with upregulation and downregulation of several proteins previously noted in the literature. Ferric iron was reduced to Fe2+ in parallel with elemental sulfur oxidation, indicating the presence of a sulfur:ferric iron reductase system in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kupka
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, SK-043 53 Kosice, Slovakia
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Sequeira CAC, Santos DMF. Transient film formation on chalcopyrite in acidic solutions. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Surface characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry of products formed during the potentiostatic reduction of chalcopyrite. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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