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Sommer K, Garibagaoglu H, Paap EM, Wiendl M, Müller TM, Atreya I, Krönke G, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Discrepant Phenotyping of Monocytes Based on CX3CR1 and CCR2 Using Fluorescent Reporters and Antibodies. Cells 2024; 13:819. [PMID: 38786041 PMCID: PMC11119841 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes, as well as downstream macrophages and dendritic cells, are essential players in the immune system, fulfilling key roles in homeostasis as well as in inflammatory conditions. Conventionally, driven by studies on reporter models, mouse monocytes are categorized into a classical and a non-classical subset based on their inversely correlated surface expression of Ly6C/CCR2 and CX3CR1. Here, we aimed to challenge this concept by antibody staining and reporter mouse models. Therefore, we took advantage of Cx3cr1GFP and Ccr2RFP reporter mice, in which the respective gene was replaced by a fluorescent reporter protein gene. We analyzed the expression of CX3CR1 and CCR2 by flow cytometry using several validated fluorochrome-coupled antibodies and compared them with the reporter gene signal in these reporter mouse strains. Although we were able to validate the specificity of the fluorochrome-coupled flow cytometry antibodies, mouse Ly6Chigh classical and Ly6Clow non-classical monocytes showed no differences in CX3CR1 expression levels in the peripheral blood and spleen when stained with these antibodies. On the contrary, in Cx3cr1GFP reporter mice, we were able to reproduce the inverse correlation of the CX3CR1 reporter gene signal and Ly6C surface expression. Furthermore, differential CCR2 surface expression correlating with the expression of Ly6C was observed by antibody staining, but not in Ccr2RFP reporter mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that phenotyping strategies for mouse monocyte subsets should be carefully selected. In accordance with the literature, the suitability of CX3CR1 antibody staining is limited, whereas for CCR2, caution should be applied when using reporter mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sommer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Hilal Garibagaoglu
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Medical Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Popa MA, Mihai CM, Șuică VI, Antohe F, Dubey RK, Leeners B, Simionescu M. Dihydrotestosterone Augments the Angiogenic and Migratory Potential of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells by an Androgen Receptor-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4862. [PMID: 38732080 PMCID: PMC11084206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in cardiovascular regeneration. Enhancement of their native properties would be highly beneficial to ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. As androgens have a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, we hypothesized that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) could also influence EPC-mediated repair processes. To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of DHT on cultured human EPCs' proliferation, viability, morphology, migration, angiogenesis, gene and protein expression, and ability to integrate into cardiac tissue. The results showed that DHT at different concentrations had no cytotoxic effect on EPCs, significantly enhanced the cell proliferation and viability and induces fast, androgen-receptor-dependent formation of capillary-like structures. DHT treatment of EPCs regulated gene expression of androgen receptors and the genes and proteins involved in cell migration and angiogenesis. Importantly, DHT stimulation promoted EPC migration and the cells' ability to adhere and integrate into murine cardiac slices, suggesting it has a role in promoting tissue regeneration. Mass spectrometry analysis further highlighted the impact of DHT on EPCs' functioning. In conclusion, DHT increases the proliferation, migration, and androgen-receptor-dependent angiogenesis of EPCs; enhances the cells' secretion of key factors involved in angiogenesis; and significantly potentiates cellular integration into heart tissue. The data offer support for potential therapeutic applications of DHT in cardiovascular regeneration and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirel Adrian Popa
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.M.M.); (V.I.Ș.); (F.A.)
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.M.M.); (V.I.Ș.); (F.A.)
| | - Viorel Iulian Șuică
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.M.M.); (V.I.Ș.); (F.A.)
| | - Felicia Antohe
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.M.M.); (V.I.Ș.); (F.A.)
| | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (R.K.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (R.K.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.M.M.); (V.I.Ș.); (F.A.)
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Cao C, Li A, Xu C, Wu B, Liu J, Liu Y. Enhancement of protein translation by CRISPR/dCasRx coupled with SINEB2 repeat of noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e33. [PMID: 36715335 PMCID: PMC10085674 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of new long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biotechnological or therapeutic tools is still in its infancy, despite recent efforts to uncover their involvement in various biological processes including mRNA translation. An important question is whether lncRNA functional elements can be used to target translation of mRNAs of interest by incorporating the RNA-targeting CRISPR tools. The CRISPR/dCasRx-SINEB2 technology was developed in this research by coupling the sgRNA of a catalytically inactive Type VI-D Cas13 enzyme (CasRx) to an integrated SINEB2 domain of uchl1 lncRNA that promotes the translation of targeted mRNA. It has been demonstrated to be effective and adaptable in selectively increasing the expression of a variety of exogenous and endogenous proteins with a variety of functions with minimal off-target effects. dCasRx-SINEB2 is currently the sole CRISPR-related technique for translational control of gene expression, and works just as well or even better than the traditional RNAe tool under comparable conditions. Additionally, human cancer cells can be prevented from proliferating and migrating both in vitro and in vivo by dCasRx-SINEB2-targeted mRNA translation of transcripts encoding for antitumor proteins, including PTEN and P53. The present study provides an innovative protein enhancement method that will have several applications in biopharmaceuticals production and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aolin Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Baorui Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Durślewicz J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Jóźwicki J, Antosik P, Kozerawski K, Grzanka D, Braun M. Prognostic significance of MATR3 in stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3313-3322. [PMID: 35723727 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrin 3 (MATR3) is a nuclear matrix protein involved in mRNA stabilization, nuclear retention of hyper-edited RNAs, and RNA splicing. The role of MATR3 in cancer is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate expression levels and prognostic significance of MATR3 in stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS We examined MATR3 protein immunohistochemically in tumoral and non-tumoral tissue sections from n = 67 NSCLC patients treated at hospital, and MATR3 mRNA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort with respect to valid prognostic and predictive features, as well as treatment outcome. RESULTS Significantly higher immunohistochemical levels of MATR3 protein were found in tumor-adjacent tissue compared to cancer (p = 0.049). A decrease in MATR3 protein expression was found to be a significant independent adverse prognostic factor for patients overall survival (p = 0.007). By contrast, we observed higher MATR3 mRNA levels in tumoral tissue compared to control lung tissues (p < 0.001). Based on the TCGA dataset, we reported that high MATR3 mRNA level was significantly associated with worse OS of NSCLC patients (p < 0.001); however, it was not an independent prognostic marker (p = 0.156). The discrepancies in prognostic significance of MATR3 gene mRNA and protein levels imply a need for further investigation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study warrants further investigation into the biological and prognostic value of MATR3 as a potential prognostic marker in early-stage NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozerawski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Saeedi Sadr A, Ehteram H, Seyed Hosseini E, Alizadeh Zarei M, Hassani Bafrani H, Haddad Kashani H. The Effect of Irisin on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Expression of Metastasis Markers in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Oncol Ther 2022; 10:377-388. [PMID: 35467303 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-022-00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a newly discovered myokine released from skeletal muscle during exercise. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that play a key role in the metastatic process via degrading extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irisin on expression of metastatic markers MMP2 and MMP9 and induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS In this study, we examined the effect of different concentrations of irisin on induced apoptosis and cell viability of two cell lines, LNCaP and DU-145, by using flow cytometry and MTT assay, respectively. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes was also analyzed by real-time PCR after irisin treatment. Data were analyzed using the comparative cycle threshold 2-∆∆Ct method. RESULTS Cell viability was reduced in both LNCaP and DU-145 cell lines at different concentrations of irisin. However, this decreased cell viability was strongly significant (p < 0.05) only at 5 and 10 nM concentrations of irisin in the LNCaP cell line. Furthermore, irisin could induce apoptosis in both cell lines at a concentration of 10 nM compared to 5 nM. Real-time PCR results also demonstrated a decreased expression in MMP2 and MMP9 genes in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines. CONCLUSION These results showed the anticancer effects of irisin on cell viability of both LNCaP and DU-145 cell lines and also on the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiye Saeedi Sadr
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Alizadeh Zarei
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Hassani Bafrani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Mansoori M, Abdi Rad I, Mirzaei A, Tam KJ, Mohsen Hosseini S, Mahmodlu R, Mansouri F, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z. Does GD2 synthase (GD2S) detect cancer stem cells in blood samples of breast carcinomas? J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:181-189. [PMID: 34907737 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a theorized subset of cells within the tumor that is thought to drive disease recurrence and metastatic spread. The aim of this study is to investigate mRNA and protein levels of ganglioside GD2 synthase (GD2S), in breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS 65 PBMCs of preoperative BC patients without chemotherapy were compared to PBMCs after chemotherapy and controls. RESULTS GD2S were significantly higher in BC patients after chemotherapy compared to pre-chemotherapy at both mRNA and protein. GD2S was higher in pre-chemotherapy blood samples compared to control samples. CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of GD2S in BC samples compared to healthy control indicates the potential utility of GD2S as a marker of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mansoori
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Oncopathology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kevin J Tam
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Omid specialty and subspecialty Hospital, Oncology and Radiotherapy Ward, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Mahmodlu
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Department of Surgery, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Immunology, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Oncopathology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Sun H, Mertz RW, Smith LB, Scott JG. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of pyrethroid resistance in the CKR strain of Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009871. [PMID: 34723971 PMCID: PMC8559961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is an important vector of human viral diseases. This mosquito is distributed globally and thrives in urban environments, making it a serious risk to human health. Pyrethroid insecticides have been the mainstay for control of adult A. aegypti for decades, but resistance has evolved, making control problematic in some areas. One major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance is detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), commonly associated with the overexpression of one or more CYPs. Unfortunately, the molecular basis underlying this mechanism remains unknown. We used a combination of RNA-seq and proteomic analysis to evaluate the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the highly resistant CKR strain of A. aegypti. The CKR strain has the resistance mechanisms from the well-studied Singapore (SP) strain introgressed into the susceptible Rockefeller (ROCK) strain genome. The RNA-seq and proteomics data were complimentary; each offering insights that the other technique did not provide. However, transcriptomic results did not quantitatively mirror results of the proteomics. There were 10 CYPs which had increased expression of both transcripts and proteins. These CYPs appeared to be largely trans-regulated, except for some CYPs for which we could not rule out gene duplication. We identified 65 genes and lncRNAs as potentially being responsible for elevating the expression of CYPs in CKR. Resistance was associated with multiple loci on chromosome 1 and at least one locus on chromosome 3. We also identified five CYPs that were overexpressed only as proteins, suggesting that stabilization of CYP proteins could be a mechanism of resistance. Future studies to increase the resolution of the resistance loci, and to examine the candidate genes and lncRNAs identified here will greatly enhance our understanding of CYP-mediated resistance in A. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Mertz
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Letícia B. Smith
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Dimitrova I, Shinkov A, Dodova R, Ivanova R, Kirilov G, Kyurkchiyan S, Kaneva R, Kovatcheva R. Increased gene expression of TIMP1 and CHI3L1 in fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples from papillary thyroid cancer as compared to benign nodules. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:1045-1051. [PMID: 34170085 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are common ultrasound findings with malignancy rate 7%-15%. Our objective was to assess the relative expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 gene (TIMP1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 gene (CHI3L1) in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) washouts and the serum levels of their protein products (TIMP-1 and chitinase-3-like protein 1 known as YKL-40) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and patients with benign nodules. Furthermore, the correlation between gene expression and circulating protein product was evaluated. METHODS Eighty patients who underwent FNAB in one tertiary center were recruited in the study. Forty with Bethesda V and VI nodules were operated and PTC was confirmed. The other 40 patients were with Bethesda II nodules. TIMP-1 and YKL-40 serum levels were measured in all subjects. The TIMP1 and CHI3L1 expression was assessed in FNAB washouts from 20 PTC patients and 20 benign cases using quantitative PCR. RESULTS The relative expression of TIMP1 and CHI3L1 was significantly higher in the PTC group than in the benign group (p < .001 for TIMP1; p = .018 for CHI3L1). The PTC patients had higher serum TIMP-1 than the patients with benign nodules (p = .036). We did not find significant difference in the YKL-40 level between the two groups. TIMP1 and CHI3L1 expression did not correlate with the serum levels of their protein products. CONCLUSION FNAB washouts could be used for identification of diagnostic markers. The increased TIMP1 and CHI3L1 expression implies a role of these genes in the PTC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Dimitrova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Shinkov
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Dodova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radina Ivanova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kirilov
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silva Kyurkchiyan
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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The Role of the Metzincin Superfamily in Prostate Cancer Progression: A Systematic-Like Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073608. [PMID: 33808504 PMCID: PMC8036576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity in men. Potentially important regulators of prostate cancer progression are members of the metzincin superfamily of proteases, principally through their regulation of the extracellular matrix. It is therefore timely to review the role of the metzincin superfamily in prostate cancer and its progression to better understand their involvement in this disease. A systematic-like search strategy was conducted. Articles that investigated the roles of members of the metzincin superfamily and their key regulators in prostate cancer were included. The extracted articles were synthesized and data presented in tabular and narrative forms. Two hundred and five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 138 investigated the role of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) subgroup, 34 the Membrane-Tethered Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) subgroup, 22 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) subgroup, 8 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) subgroup and 53 the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP) family of regulators, noting that several studies investigated multiple family members. There was clear evidence that specific members of the metzincin superfamily are involved in prostate cancer progression, which can be either in a positive or negative manner. However, further understanding of their mechanisms of action and how they may be used as prognostic indicators or molecular targets is required.
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Liu P, Chu Z, Lei G, Deng L, Yang L, Dang Y. The role of HINT1 protein in morphine addiction: An animal model-based study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12897. [PMID: 32171181 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a recurrent, chronic brain disease. The existing treatment methods have limitations, such as poor adherence and inability to completely avoid relapse. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is involved in many neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, pain, and drug dependence. Studies have confirmed that there is a genetic link between HINT1 and addictions such as nicotine and cocaine. However, there is no research on the role of HINT1 protein in morphine addiction at home and abroad. Thus, we designed this project by constructing different types of morphine addiction animal models, including conditioned place preference and behavioral sensitization. We comprehensively examined the participation of HINT1 protein in key brain regions associated with addiction, including prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, corpus striatum, and hippocampus, in different stages of different models. In addition, we used HINT1 knockout mice to establish the above models and physical dependence model to investigate the effect of HINT1 protein deletion on morphine addiction-related behaviors. We found that HINT1 has varying degrees of involvement in different stages of multiple addictive animal models. The absence of HINT1 can attenuate morphine-mediated addictive behavior to a certain extent and can alleviate the withdrawal symptoms of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an 710061 China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Zheng Chu
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Gang Lei
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Li‐sha Deng
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yong‐hui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an 710061 China
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11
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The Effects of Resveratrol on Prostate Cancer through Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:16-32. [PMID: 33535458 PMCID: PMC7931005 DOI: 10.3390/jox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since over 60% of prostate cancer cases occur in men over 65 years of age, and this population will increase steadily in the coming years, prostate cancer will be a major cancer-related burden in the foreseeable future. Accumulating data from more recent research suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a previously unrecognized role in every stage of cancer development, including initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Prostate cancer is not only diagnosed in the late stages of life, but also progresses relatively slowly. This makes prostate cancer an ideal model system for exploring the potential of natural products as cancer prevention and/or treatment reagents because they usually act relatively slowly compared to most synthetic drugs. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and possesses strong anti-cancer properties with few adverse effects. Accumulating data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that RSV can interfere with prostate cancer initiation and progression by targeting the TME. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the recent advancement in RSV-inhibited prostate cancer initiation, proliferation, and metastasis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the effect of RSV on TME. This will not only better our understanding of prostate cancer TMEs, but also pave the way for the development of RSV as a potential reagent for prostate cancer prevention and/or therapy.
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12
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Modulatory influences of antiviral bioactive compounds on cell viability, mRNA and protein expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104573. [PMID: 33387731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) influence drug plasma, and eventually decreases the drugs' therapeutic effects. The effects of Plant-derived compounds (PCs) on drug-metabolising proteins are largely unknown. This study investigated the cytotoxicity, cell viability profiles and regulatory influences of four PCs (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), kaempferol-7-glucoside (K7G), luteolin (LUT) and ellagic acid (EGA)) on the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP3A4 and ABCB1 in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. After treatment with the PCs (0-400 µM) for 24 h, 80% (IC20) and 50% (IC50) cell viability were determined. The PCs were not toxic to HepG2 (ATP levels increased at IC20, insignificant change in LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) with the exception of LUT, and ABCB1 protein expressions decreased. The PCs decreased CYP3A4 at IC20 (except LUT), EGCG and K7G at IC20 decreased mRNA expression. For HEK293 cells, no significant change in ATP, except for EGCG IC20 and K7G IC50 which decreased and increased, respectively. LDH decreased at IC20, but LUT IC50 significant increase LDH. ABCB1 protein expression increased at both IC20 and IC50, but LUT and EGA at IC50 decreased mRNA expression. The PCs at IC20, and IC50 of LUT, K7G and of EGCG may enhance drug bioavailability.
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13
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Dawood RM, El-Meguid MA, Salum GM, El Awady MK. Key Players of Hepatic Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:472-489. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reham M. Dawood
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A. El-Meguid
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Maher Salum
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. El Awady
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Eckfeld C, Häußler D, Schoeps B, Hermann CD, Krüger A. Functional disparities within the TIMP family in cancer: hints from molecular divergence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:469-481. [PMID: 31529339 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The members of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family (TIMP-1, 2, 3, 4) are prominently appreciated as natural inhibitors of cancer-promoting metalloproteinases. However, clinical and recent functional studies indicate that some of them correlate with bad prognosis and contribute to the progression of cancer and metastasis, pointing towards mechanisms beyond inhibition of cancer-promoting proteases. Indeed, it is increasingly recognized that TIMPs are multi-functional proteins mediating a variety of cellular effects including direct cell signaling. Our aim was to provide comprehensive information towards a better appreciation and understanding of the biological heterogeneity and complexity of the TIMPs in cancer. Comparison of all four members revealed distinct cancer-associated expression patterns and distinct prognostic impact including a clear correlation of TIMP-1 with bad prognosis for almost all cancer types. For the first time, we present the interactomes of all TIMPs regarding overlapping and non-overlapping interaction partners. Interestingly, the overlap was maximal for metalloproteinases (e.g., matrix metalloproteinase 1, 2, 3, 9) and decreased for non-protease molecules, especially cell surface receptors (e.g., CD63, overlapping only for TIMP-1 and 4; IGF-1R unique for TIMP-2; VEGFR2 unique for TIMP-3). Finally, we attempted to identify and summarize experimental evidence for common and unique structural traits of the four TIMPs on the basis of amino acid sequence and protein folding, which account for functional disparities. Altogether, the four TIMPs have to be appreciated as molecules with commonalities, but, more importantly, functional disparities, which need to be investigated further in the future, since those determine their distinct roles in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Eckfeld
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Daniel Häußler
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Chris D Hermann
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.
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Balode E, Pilmane M. Characteristics of Neuropeptide-Containing Innervation, Tissue Remodeling, Growth, and Vascularity in Noses of Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 57:948-956. [PMID: 32066266 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620904519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the appearance and distribution of factors regulating remodeling, innervation, growth, and vascularity of the nasal tissue affected by cleft lip and palate (CLP). DESIGN Morphological analysis of human tissue. SETTING Cleft and craniofacial center. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen patients who underwent CLP rhinoplasty, 7 control patients. INTERVENTIONS Rhinoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Immunohistochemistry was performed with protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2). The results were evaluated semiquantitatively. Spearman rank order correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Cleft lip and palate-affected tissue revealed dense and loose connective tissue, adipose cells, and hyaline cartilage, along with numerous CD34-positive endotheliocytes and regions of VEGF-positive neoangiogenesis. We observed moderate to numerous PGP 9.5-positive nerve fibers. Transforming growth factor β1, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP2 were found in cartilage and connective tissue. Cleft lip and palate-affected tissue compared to control samples showed a statistically significant difference in PGP 9.5 (P = .006), VEGF (P = .001), MMP2 (P = .002), MMP9 (P = .013), and TIMP2 (P < .001) expression. We observed a strong, positive correlation between VEGF and MMP9 (P = .027; r S = 0.705). CONCLUSIONS The moderate expression of TGFβ1 and increased distribution of VEGF, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP2 demonstrate an active extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis, performed by proteases. The cartilaginous septum of the nose is an example of balance between tissue degradation and its suppression, demonstrated by the relationship between MMPs and TIMPs and the presence of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evija Balode
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mara Pilmane
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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hASH1 nuclear localization persists in neuroendocrine transdifferentiated prostate cancer cells, even upon reintroduction of androgen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19076. [PMID: 31836808 PMCID: PMC6911083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is thought to arise as prostate adenocarcinoma cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine (NE) cells to escape potent anti-androgen therapies however, the exact molecular events accompanying NE transdifferentiation and their plasticity remain poorly defined. Cell fate regulator ASCL1/hASH1's expression was markedly induced in androgen deprived (AD) LNCaP cells and prominent nuclear localisation accompanied acquisition of the NE-like morphology and expression of NE markers (NSE). By contrast, androgen-insensitive PC3 and DU145 cells displayed clear nuclear hASH1 localisation under control conditions that was unchanged by AD, suggesting AR signalling negatively regulated hASH1 expression and localisation. Synthetic androgen (R1881) prevented NE transdifferentiation of AD LNCaP cells and markedly suppressed expression of key regulators of lineage commitment and neurogenesis (REST and ASCL1/hASH1). Post-AD, NE LNCaP cells rapidly lost NE-like morphology following R1881 treatment, yet ASCL1/hASH1 expression was resistant to R1881 treatment and hASH1 nuclear localisation remained evident in apparently dedifferentiated LNCaP cells. Consequently, NE cells may not fully revert to an epithelial state and retain key NE-like features, suggesting a "hybrid" phenotype. This could fuel greater NE transdifferentiation, therapeutic resistance and NEPC evolution upon subsequent androgen deprivation. Such knowledge could facilitate CRPC tumour stratification and identify targets for more effective NEPC management.
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Filipović J, Bosić M, Ćirović S, Životić M, Dunđerović D, Đorđević D, Živković-Perišić S, Lipkovski A, Marković-Lipkovski J. PRMT1 expression in renal cell tumors- application in differential diagnosis and prognostic relevance. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:120. [PMID: 31655611 PMCID: PMC6815371 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) is associated with the progression of various tumor types and the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the expression of PRMT1 in renal cell tumors (RCT) is unknown. METHODS We evaluated PRMT1 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression on tissue microarray (TMA) of 208 specimens of RCT, including clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC), papillary RCC type I and II (pRCC I and II), chromophobe RCC (chRCC), renal oncocytomas (RO), collecting duct carcinomas - Bellini (CDC) and multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasms of low malignant potential (MLCRN-LMP). Moreover, a subset of ccRCC, pRCC, chRCC, RO were also studied using conventional sections. PRMT1 expression in tumor tissue was compared to the IHC expression of EMT-related transcription factors (ZEB1, RUNX1, and TWIST1) and cell surface markers (ß-catenin, N- and E-cadherin). Additionally, qRT-PCR expression of PRMT1 in ccRCC, pRCC, and chRCC was evaluated and the results were compared to the mRNA PRMT1 transcript profiling data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) cohort. RESULTS PRMT1 immunoreactivity was observed in the majority of ccRCC, RO, all MLCRN-LMP, but in a minority of chRCC (p = 0.044), and it was associated with low grade and low stage ccRCC (p = 0.014; p = 0.044, respectively). ZEB1 immunoreactivity was noted in all RO, in minority of chRCC and neither of MLCRN-LMP (p < 0.001). The majority of PRMT1-negative ccRCC was negative to ZEB1 and showed cytoplasmic expression of TWIST1 (p = 0.028; p < 0.001, respectively). PRMT1 positive ccRCC mostly expressed RUNX1 (p = 0.019). PRMT1 and ZEB1 expression were associated with better cancer-specific survival in patients with ccRCC (p = 0.029; p = 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, ZEB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.367; p = 0.026). Significant IHC heterogeneity was observed in PRMT1, ZEB1 and TWIST1 expression (p < 0.001). Homogenous loss of PRMT1 was associated with high grade and high stage ccRCC, while the homogenous loss of PRMT1 and ZEB1 was more frequent in patients who died of ccRCC (p = 0.017; p = 0.040; p = 0.044; p = 0.009, respectively). Relative mRNA-PRMT1 expression in both cohorts was down-regulated in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor parenchyma (p = 0.009). Unlike in our samples, mRNA-PRMT1 expression in the TCGA cohort was not correlated to ccRCC tumor stage or grade. PRMT1, ZEB1, and TWIST1 expression were not associated with EMT related aberrant ß-catenin expression, a gain of N-cadherin or loss of E-cadherin expression. Only RUNX1 was associated with a gain of N-cadherin (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS IHC expression of PRMT1 may be characteristic for low grade and low stage ccRCC, while the homogenous loss of PRMT1 may be significant for high grade and high stage ccRCC. Both, PRMT1 and/or ZEB1 expression, could be associated with better survival of the patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Filipović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Bosić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ćirović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Životić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Dunđerović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Đorđević
- Clinic for Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Jasmina Marković-Lipkovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Adipose-derived stromal cell secretome reduces TNFα-induced hypertrophy and catabolic markers in primary human articular chondrocytes. Stem Cell Res 2019; 38:101463. [PMID: 31108390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials show the efficacy of Adipose-derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) in contrasting the osteoarthritis scenario. Since it is quite accepted that ASCs act predominantly through a paracrine mechanism, their secretome may represent a valid therapeutic substitute. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ASC conditioned medium (ASC-CM) on TNFα-stimulated human primary articular chondrocytes (CHs). CHs were treated with 10 ng/ml TNFα and/or ASC-CM (1:5 recipient:donor cell ratio). ASC-CM treatment blunted TNFα-induced hypertrophy, reducing the levels of Osteocalcin (-37%), Collagen X (-18%) and MMP-13 activity (-61%). In addition, it decreased MMP-3 activity by 59%. We showed that the reduction of MMP activity correlates to the abundance of TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitors of MMPs) in ASC secretome (with TIMP-1 exceeding 200 ng/ml and TIMP-2/3 in the ng/ml range) rather than to a direct down-modulation of the expression and/or release of these proteases. In addition, ASC secretome contains high levels of other cartilage protecting factors, i.e. OPG and DKK-1. ASC-CM comprises cartilage-protecting factors and exerts anti-hypertrophic and anti-catabolic effects on TNFα-stimulated CHs in vitro. Our results support a future use of this cell-derived but cell-free product as a therapeutic approach in the management of osteoarthritis.
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Grzelczyk WL, Wróbel-Roztropiński A, Szemraj J, Cybula M, Pietruszewska W, Zielińska-Kaźmierska B, Jozefowicz-Korczynska M. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) mRNA and protein expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:784-791. [PMID: 31110546 PMCID: PMC6524195 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.72405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to investigate the mRNA expression and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 (MMP-2), 9 (MMP-9), 7 (MMP-7) and their tissue inhibitor TIMP-2 in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and control subjects and additionally to evaluate a possible correlation with clinicopathological features. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-7, and TIMP-2 mRNA were detected by the real-time quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction method in 96 cases of laryngeal carcinoma vs. non-tumor tissue. The blood serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-7, and TIMP-2 in patients with laryngeal cancer and 100 healthy subjects were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression levels in carcinoma tissue vs. non-tumor tissue and protein levels in the preoperative serum vs. those obtained in healthy controls were statistically significantly higher than in the healthy controls (p = 0.001). The only significant correlation between mRNA or concentration of measured MMPs and TIMP and the clinicopathological features was found for TIMP-2 protein and for patients with lymph node metastasis. Serum levels of TIMP-2 were higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results may suggest that MMPs and TIMP-2 are associated with laryngeal tumorigenesis, but we did not find any distinct correlation between the clinicopathological features of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and expression levels of MMPs and TIMP. The results suggest that the measurement of serum MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 concentration might be helpful to diagnose laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Lucas Grzelczyk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Artur Wróbel-Roztropiński
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oncological Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cybula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Pietruszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogna Zielińska-Kaźmierska
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oncological Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Kumar P, Panigrahi P, Johnson J, Weber WJ, Mehta S, Sajulga R, Easterly C, Crooker BA, Heydarian M, Anamika K, Griffin TJ, Jagtap PD. QuanTP: A Software Resource for Quantitative Proteo-Transcriptomic Comparative Data Analysis and Informatics. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:782-790. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota-Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55904, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - James Johnson
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wanda J. Weber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Subina Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ray Sajulga
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Caleb Easterly
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Brian A. Crooker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Mohammad Heydarian
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Krishanpal Anamika
- LABS, Persistent Systems, Aryabhata-Pingala, Erandwane, Pune 411004, India
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pratik D. Jagtap
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Levin G, Coelho TM, Nóbrega NG, Trombetta-Lima M, Sogayar MC, Carreira ACO. Spatio-temporal expression profile of matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) modulators Reck and Sparc during the rat ovarian dynamics. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:116. [PMID: 30424792 PMCID: PMC6234678 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) and their tissue inhibitors (Timps) are widely recognized as crucial factors for extracellular matrix remodeling in the ovary and are involved in follicular growth, ovulation, luteinization, and luteolysis during the estrous cycle. Recently, several genes have been associated to the modulation of Mmps activity, including Basigin (Bsg), which induces the expression of Mmps in rat ovaries; Sparc, a TGF-β modulator that is related to increased expression of Mmps in cancer; and Reck, which is associated with Mmps inhibition. However, the expression pattern of Mmp modulators in ovary dynamics is still largely uncharacterized. METHODS To characterize the expression pattern of Mmps network members in ovary dynamics, we analyzed the spatio-temporal expression pattern of Reck and Sparc, as well as of Mmp2, Mmp9 and Mmp14 proteins, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in pre-pubertal rat ovaries obtained from an artificial cycle induced by eCG/hCG, in the different phases of the hormone-induced estrous cycle. We also determined the gene expression profiles of Mmps (2, 9, 13 14), Timps (1, 2, 3), Sparc, Bsg, and Reck to complement this panel. RESULTS IHC analysis revealed that Mmp protein expression peaks at the early stages of folliculogenesis and ovulation, decreases during ovulation-luteogenesis transition and luteogenesis, increasing again during corpus luteum maintenance and luteolysis. The protein expression patterns of these metalloproteinases and Sparc were inverse relative to the pattern displayed by Reck. We observed that the gene expression peaks of Mmps inhibitors Reck and Timp2 were closely paraleled by Mmp2 and Mmp9 suppression. The opposite was also true: increased Mmp2 and Mmp9 expression was concomitant to reduced Reck and Timp2 levels. CONCLUSION Therefore, our results generate a spatio-temporal expression profile panel of Mmps and their regulators, suggesting that Reck and Sparc seem to play a role during ovarian dynamics: Reck as a possible inhibitor and Sparc as an inducer of Mmps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Levin
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
| | - Tatiane Maldonado Coelho
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Nathali Guimarães Nóbrega
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré, 100, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05360-130 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-270 Brazil
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22
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Hautz T, Grahammer J, Moser D, Eberhart N, Zelger B, Zelger B, Blumer MJ, Drasche A, Wolfram D, Troppmair J, Öfner D, Schneeberger S. Subcutaneous administration of a neutralizing IL-1β antibody prolongs limb allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2029-2042. [PMID: 29633557 PMCID: PMC6100092 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine-expression profiles revealed IL-1ß highly upregulated in rejecting skin of limb allografts. We investigate the effect of intragraft treatment with a neutralizing IL-1β antibody in limb transplantation. Following allogenic hind-limb transplantation, Lewis rats were either left untreated or treated with anti-lymphocyte serum + tacrolimus (baseline); baseline immunosuppression + anti-IL-1β (1 mg/kg once/week, 6-8 subcutaneous injections) into the transplanted or contralateral limb. Endpoint was rejection grade III or day 100. Graft rejection was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry phenotyping of immune cells, and monitoring cytokine expression. Anti-IL-1β injections into the allograft or contralateral limb resulted in a significant delay of rejection onset (controls: 58.60 ± 0.60; group 3: 75.80 ± 10.87, P = .044; group 4: 73.00 ± 6.49, P = .008) and prolongation of graft survival (controls: 64.60 ± 0.87; group 3: 86.60 ± 5.33, P = .002; group 4: 93.20 ± 3.82, P = .002), compared to controls. Although the phenotype of the graft infiltrating immune cells did not differ between groups, significantly decreased skin protein levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IP-10, MCP-1, and MCP-3 in long-term-survivors indicate an overall decrease of chemoattraction and infiltration of immune cells as the immunosuppressive mechanism of anti-IL-1β. Inhibition of IL-1β with short-term systemic immunosuppression prolongs limb allograft survival and represents a promising target for immunosuppression in extremity transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hautz
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johanna Grahammer
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Dominik Moser
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Nadine Eberhart
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Bettina Zelger
- Department of PathologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Bernhard Zelger
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael J. Blumer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyDivision of Clinical and Functional AnatomyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Astrid Drasche
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Dolores Wolfram
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Dietmar Öfner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL)Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic SurgeryCenter of Operative MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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23
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Comparative Assessment on the Expression Level of Recombinant Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in Serum-Containing Versus Protein-Free Culture Media. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 59:490-498. [PMID: 28993982 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins has made a great contribution to modern biotechnology. At present, quick advances in protein expression lead to the enhancement of product quantity and quality as well as reduction in timescale processing. In the current study, we assessed the expression level of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) in adherent and suspension Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines by cultivation in serum-containing and chemically defined, protein-free media. The expression cassette entailing FSH subunits was transfected to CHO/dhfr- and CHO DG44 cell lines, and gene amplification was achieved using dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)/methotrexate (MTX) system. Afterward, the expression level of rhFSH was studied using real-time PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. Our achievements revealed that stepwise increase in MTX [up to 2000 nano-molar (nM)] leads to boost the expression level of rhFSH mRNA in both cell lines, although DG44 have better results, as mRNA expression level reached 124.8- and 168.3-fold in alpha and beta subunits, respectively. DG44 cells have also the best protein production in 2000 nM MTX, which reached 1.7-fold in comparison with that of the mock group. According to the above results and many advantages of protein-free media, DG44 is preferable cell line for future steps.
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24
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MMP-9 Overexpression Due to TIMP-1 and RECK Underexpression is Associated with Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 26:255-61. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.8831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix homeostasis is strictly maintained by a coordinated balance between the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the expression of MMP-9 and its specific inhibitors, TIMP-1 and RECK, are expressed in a reproducible, specific pattern and if the profiles are related to prognosis and clinical outcome in prostate cancer (PC). Methods MMP-9, TIMP-1, and RECK expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in fresh-frozen malignant tissue specimens collected from 79 patients with clinically localized PC submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP). Frozen benign prostatic tissue from another 10 men with prostate cancer, also submitted to RP, was analyzed to determine if the profile of gene expression was maintained. The control group consisted of 11 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Results In the tumor samples, MMP-9 was overexpressed by 9.2 times, and TIMP-1 and RECK were underexpressed (0.75 and 0.80 times, respectively). Overexpression of MMP-9 was significantly related to PSA levels above 10 ng/mL (p=0.033). In addition, MMP-9 overexpression was related to biochemical recurrence, with a marginal statistical significance (p=0.089). MMP-9 was also overexpressed in benign tissues of patients with PC, as were TIMP-1 and RECK, in contrast to their underexpression in tumor samples. Conclusion Our results show that MMP-9 is overexpressed and its negative regulators are underexpressed in PC tissue, emphasizing a possible role of MMP-9 in the carcinogenesis process. Additionally, we noticed a relationship between MMP-9 overexpression and increased levels of PSA, an important prognostic factor. In benign tissue adjacent to tumors, the MMP-9 equilibrium is likely maintained because the expression of its negative regulators is preserved.
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25
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Detection of Metallothionein in Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus), Using a scFv-Immobilized Protein Chip. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041069. [PMID: 29614840 PMCID: PMC5948571 DOI: 10.3390/s18041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by various industrial chemicals and biological agents poses serious risks to human health. Especially, marine contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a global concern in recent years. Many efforts have been undertaken to monitor the PTE contamination of the aquatic environment. However, there are few approaches available to assess the PTE exposure of aquatic organisms. In this research, we developed a strategy to evaluate the heavy metal exposure of marine organisms, by measuring the expression levels of metallothionein protein derived from Oryzias javanicus (OjaMT). OjaMT is a biomarker of heavy metal exposure because the expression level increases upon heavy metal exposure. The developed assay is based on a real-time, label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement. Anti-OjaMT antibody and anti-OjaMT single-chain fragment of variable region (scFv) were used as detection probes. Two types of SPR sensor chips were fabricated, by immobilizing antibody or Cys3-tagged scFv (scFv-Cys3) in a controlled orientation and were tested for in situ label-free OjaMT detection. Compared to the antibody-presenting sensor chips, the scFv-presenting sensor chips showed improved performance, displaying enhanced sensitivity and enabling semi-quantitative detection. The portable SPR system combined with scFv-immobilized sensor chips is expected to provide an excellent point-of-care testing system that can monitor target biomarkers in real time.
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26
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McFarlane M, Brettschneider J, Gelsthorpe A, James S, Snead D, Gopalakrishnan K, Mehenna H, Jankowski J, Arasaradnam R, Nwokolo C. An assessment of candidate genes to assist prognosis in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:303-310. [PMID: 29755769 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth commonest cancer worldwide, with the second highest mortality rate. Its poor mortality is linked to delayed presentation. There is a drive towards non-invasive biomarker screening and monitoring of many different types of cancer, although with limited success so far. We aimed to determine if any genes from a 32-gene panel could be used to determine GC prognosis. Methods We carried out a retrospective study on the expression of 32 genes, selected for their proven or potential links to GC, on historic formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) GC specimens from our unit. Gene expression was measured using quantitative nuclease protection assays (qNPA) technology. Following statistical analysis of the results, immunohistochemical staining for eight genes, both discriminating and non-discriminating, was conducted in seven age and sex matched non-metastatic: metastatic GC pairings. The stained samples were reviewed by two blinded consultant histopathologists. Results Multivariate Cox analysis of the gene expression data revealed metastatic status, age, sex and five genes appeared to influence GC survival. Genes negatively influencing survival included BCAS1, P53 and HSP90AA1 (relative risks 2.20, 3.73 and 7.53 respectively). Genes conveying survival benefit included CASP3 and TERT (relative risks 0.10 and 0.24 respectively). Immunohistochemical staining of seven age and sex matched non-metastatic: metastatic pairs revealed no association between gene expression and protein expression. Conclusions Our study found several genes whose expression may affect GC prognosis. However, immunohistochemical analysis revealed no association between gene expression and protein expression. It remains to be determined whether gene expression or protein expression are reliable means of assessing GC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McFarlane
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Adrian Gelsthorpe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Sean James
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - David Snead
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Hisham Mehenna
- Department of ENT, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK
| | - Ramesh Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Chuka Nwokolo
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
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27
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Komorowski A, James GM, Philippe C, Gryglewski G, Bauer A, Hienert M, Spies M, Kautzky A, Vanicek T, Hahn A, Traub-Weidinger T, Winkler D, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Association of Protein Distribution and Gene Expression Revealed by PET and Post-Mortem Quantification in the Serotonergic System of the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:117-130. [PMID: 27909009 PMCID: PMC5939202 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional differences in posttranscriptional mechanisms may influence in vivo protein densities. The association of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data from 112 healthy controls and gene expression values from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, based on post-mortem brains, was investigated for key serotonergic proteins. PET binding values and gene expression intensities were correlated for the main inhibitory (5-HT1A) and excitatory (5-HT2A) serotonin receptor, the serotonin transporter (SERT) as well as monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), using Spearman's correlation coefficients (rs) in a voxel-wise and region-wise analysis. Correlations indicated a strong linear relationship between gene and protein expression for both the 5-HT1A (voxel-wise rs = 0.71; region-wise rs = 0.93) and the 5-HT2A receptor (rs = 0.66; 0.75), but only a weak association for MAO-A (rs = 0.26; 0.66) and no clear correlation for SERT (rs = 0.17; 0.29). Additionally, region-wise correlations were performed using mRNA expression from the HBT, yielding comparable results (5-HT1Ars = 0.82; 5-HT2Ars = 0.88; MAO-A rs = 0.50; SERT rs = -0.01). The SERT and MAO-A appear to be regulated in a region-specific manner across the whole brain. In contrast, the serotonin-1A and -2A receptors are presumably targeted by common posttranscriptional processes similar in all brain areas suggesting the applicability of mRNA expression as surrogate parameter for density of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Komorowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - G M James
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - G Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Hienert
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - W Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Pychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Chen CM, Lin CL, Chiou HL, Hsieh SC, Lin CL, Cheng CW, Hung CH, Tsai JP, Hsieh YH. Loss of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 promotes the tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells through regulation of the TIMP-1/MMP-9 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13886-13897. [PMID: 28108731 PMCID: PMC5355147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1) protein has been involved in proliferation and metastatic progression in multiple tumors. However, there are no studies regarding the mechanism of ESM1 in prostate cancer. We found that ESM1 knockdown in prostate cancer cells resulted in increased cell proliferation and colony formation ability response evidenced by decreased expression of p21 and increased expression of cyclin D1 in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, we revealed that knockdown ESM1 also induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility and invasiveness in accordance with the upregulated the MMP-9 expression, while downregulated the TIMP-1 expression. Recombinant human (Rh) TIMP-1 significantly attenuated ESM1-mediated cell migration and invasion. Additionally, ESM1 knockdown increased in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. These findings provide the first evidence that the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1, is one of the regulation mechanisms by which ESM1 promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Pankov D, Sjöström L, Kalidindi T, Lee SG, Sjöström K, Gardner R, McDevitt MR, O'Reilly R, Thorek DLJ, Larson SM, Veach D, Ulmert D. In vivo immuno-targeting of an extracellular epitope of membrane bound preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME). Oncotarget 2017; 8:65917-65931. [PMID: 29029482 PMCID: PMC5630382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen that is overexpressed in a broad range of malignancies, while absent in most healthy human tissues, making it an attractive diagnostic cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. Although commonly viewed as an intracellular protein, we have demonstrated that PRAME has a membrane bound form with an external epitope targetable with conventional antibodies. We generated a polyclonal antibody (Membrane associated PRAME Antibody 1, MPA1) against an extracellular peptide sequence of PRAME. Binding of MPA1 to recombinant PRAME was evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of MPA1 was performed on multiple tumor cell lines. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for PRAME was conducted to compare protein and transcriptional expression levels. We demonstrated a robust proof-of-concept for PRAME targeting in vivo by radiolabeling MPA1 with zirconium-89 (89Zr-DFO-MPA1) and demonstrating high specific uptake in PRAME expressing tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first time a cancer testis antigen has been targeted using conventional antibody technologies. Thus, PRAME can be exploited for multiple clinical applications, including targeted therapy, diagnostic imaging and treatment guidance in a wide-range of malignancies, with minimal off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pankov
- Immunology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ludvig Sjöström
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sang-Gyu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rui Gardner
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard O'Reilly
- Immunology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darren Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Ulmert
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Kowalczyk AE, Krazinski BE, Godlewski J, Kiewisz J, Kwiatkowski P, Sliwinska-Jewsiewicka A, Kiezun J, Sulik M, Kmiec Z. Expression of the EP300, TP53 and BAX genes in colorectal cancer: Correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:201-210. [PMID: 28586030 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
E1A binding protein P300 (EP300), tumor protein P53 (TP53) and BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) genes encode proteins which cooperate to regulate important cellular processes. The present study aimed to determine the expression levels of EP300, TP53 and BAX in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate their prognostic value and association with the progression of CRC. Tumor and matched unchanged colorectal tissues were collected from 121 CRC patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the mRNA and protein levels of the studied genes. Altered expression of the studied genes in CRC tissues was observed at both the mRNA and protein levels. The depth of invasion was associated with TP53 mRNA levels and was correlated negatively with BAX mRNA expression. Moreover, a relationship between tumor location and BAX mRNA content was noted. BAX immunoreactivity was correlated positively with the intensity of p300 immunostaining and was associated with lymph node involvement and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) disease stage. Univariate regression analysis revealed that overexpression of p53 and BAX in CRC tissues was associated with poor patient outcome. In conclusion, dysregulation of the expression of the studied genes was found to contribute to CRC pathogenesis. The association between p300 and BAX levels suggests the existence of an interdependent regulatory mechanism of their expression. Moreover, BAX expression may be regulated alternatively, in a p53-independent manner, since the lack of correlations between expression of these factors was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kowalczyk
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej E Krazinski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kiewisz
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kwiatkowski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska-Jewsiewicka
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Kiezun
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marian Sulik
- Pathology Laboratory, University Clinical Hospital, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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Arosarena OA, Barr EW, Thorpe R, Yankey H, Tarr JT, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin regulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:409-421. [PMID: 28295306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 60% of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) die of metastases or locoregional recurrence. Metastasis is mediated by cancer cell migration and invasion, which are in part dependent on extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases. Osteoactivin (OA) overexpression plays a role in metastases in several malignancies, and has been shown to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity. To determine how OA modulates MMP expression and activity in HNSCC, and to investigate OA effects on cell invasion, we assessed effects of OA treatment on MMP mRNA and protein expression, as well as gelatinase and caseinolytic activity in HNSCC cell lines. We assessed the effects of OA gene silencing on MMP expression, gelatinase and caseinolytic activity, and cell invasion. OA treatment had differential effects on MMP mRNA expression. OA treatment upregulated MMP-10 expression in UMSCC14a (p = 0.0431) and SCC15 (p < 0.0001) cells, but decreased MMP-9 expression in UMSCC14a cells (p = 0.0002). OA gene silencing decreased MMP-10 expression in UMSCC12 cells (p = 0.0001), and MMP-3 (p = 0.0005) and -9 (p = 0.0036) expression in SCC25 cells. In SCC15 and SCC25 cells, OA treatment increased MMP-2 (p = 0.0408) and MMP-9 gelatinase activity (p < 0.0001), respectively. OA depletion decreased MMP-2 (p = 0.0023) and -9 (p < 0.0001) activity in SCC25 cells. OA treatment increased 70 kDa caseinolytic activity in UMSCC12 cells consistent with tissue type plasminogen activator (p = 0.0078). OA depletion decreased invasive capacity of UMSCC12 cells (p < 0.0001). OA's effects on MMP expression in HNSCC are variable, and may promote cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneida A Arosarena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Barr
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hilary Yankey
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph T Tarr
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate inhibits human extravillous trophoblast invasion via the PPARγ pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:23-29. [PMID: 28416457 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the adverse reproductive outcomes in human have been raised, more evidence including the underlying mechanism are required. Since extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is an important physiological step during early development, the effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the bioactive metabolite of DEHP, on EVT invasion were investigated using Matrigel-coated transwell chambers and cell line HTR-8/SVneo. In the transwell-based invasive assay, MEHP exposure inhibited EVT invasion as judged by decreased invasion index. Further analysis showed that MEHP exposure significantly inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is an important positive regulator of EVT invasion. Meanwhile, the protein levels of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), one key negative regulator of EVT invasion, were upregulated by MEHP treatment. Finally, inactivation of PPARγ pathway by either PPARγ inhibitors or PPARγ shRNA knockdown rescued the MEHP-induced inhibited invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, which is accompanied by the recovery of inhibited MMP-9 expression. The present study provides the evidence that MEHP exposure inhibits trophoblast invasion via PPARγ at concentrations comparable to those found in humans, which provides an insight in understanding the mechanisms of DEHP-associated early pregnancy loss.
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Development of a Biomimetic Chondroitin Sulfate-modified Hydrogel to Enhance the Metastasis of Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29858. [PMID: 27432752 PMCID: PMC4949442 DOI: 10.1038/srep29858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis with resistance to anticancer therapies is the main cause of death in cancer patients. It is necessary to develop reliable tumor metastasis models that can closely recapitulate the pathophysiological features of the native tumor tissue. In this study, chondroitin sulfate (CS)-modified alginate hydrogel beads (ALG-CS) are developed to mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment with an abnormally increased expression of CS for the promotion of tumor cell metastasis. The modification mechanism of CS on alginate hydrogel is due to the cross-linking between CS and alginate molecules via coordination of calcium ions, which enables ALG-CS to possess significantly different physical characteristics than the traditional alginate beads (ALG). And quantum chemistry calculations show that in addition to the traditional egg-box structure, novel asymmetric egg-box-like structures based on the interaction between these two kinds of polymers are also formed within ALG-CS. Moreover, tumor cell metastasis is significantly enhanced in ALG-CS compared with that in ALG, as confirmed by the increased expression of MMP genes and proteins and greater in vitro invasion ability. Therefore, ALG-CS could be a convenient and effective 3D biomimetic scaffold that would be used to construct standardized tumor metastasis models for tumor research and anticancer drug screening.
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Reis STD, Viana NI, Iscaife A, Pontes-Junior J, Dip N, Antunes AA, Guimarães VR, Santana I, Nahas WC, Srougi M, Leite KRM. Loss of TIMP-1 immune expression and tumor recurrence in localized prostate cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:1088-95. [PMID: 26742965 PMCID: PMC4756933 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective: Overexpression of MMPs has been related to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. TIMP1 and TIMP2 are controllers of MMPs and the aim of this study is to evaluate the expression levels of MMPs and their regulators using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray of localized prostate cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: Immune-expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP1, TIMP-2, MMP-14 and IL8, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in radical prostatectomy specimens of 40 patients with localized PC who underwent surgery between September 1997 and February 2000. Protein expression was considered as categorical variables, negative or positive. The results of the immune-expression were correlated to Gleason score (GS), pathological stage (TNM), pre-operatory PSA serum levels and biochemical recurrence in a mean follow up period of 92.5 months. Results: The loss of TIMP1 immune-expression was related to biochemical recurrence. When TIMP1 was negative, 56.3% patients recurred versus 22.2% of those whose TIMP1 was positive (p=0.042). MMP-9, MMP-2, IL8 and MMP-14 were positive in the majority of PC. TIMP-2 was negative in all cases. Conclusion: Negative immune-expression of TIMP1 is correlated with biochemical recurrence in patients with PC possibly by failing to control MMP-9, an important MMP related to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Thalita dos Reis
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nayara Izabel Viana
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Iscaife
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Pontes-Junior
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nelson Dip
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alberto Azoubel Antunes
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Guimarães
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Katia Ramos Moreira Leite
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (LIM55), Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Brasil.,Genoa Biotechnology SA, Sao Paulo, Brasil
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Joiakim A, Mathieu PA, Shelp C, Boerner J, Reiners JJ. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Synergize with TCDD to Induce CYP1A1/1A2 in Human Breast Epithelial MCF10A Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:665-71. [PMID: 26953171 PMCID: PMC11024934 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are transcriptionally activated in the human normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Shifting MCF10A cultures to medium deficient in serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused rapid reductions in the activated (i.e., phosphorylated) forms of extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Shifting to serum/EGF-deficient medium also enhanced TCDD-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 Treatment of cells cultured in complete medium with the EGFR inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa), AG1478, and CI-1033 resulted in concentration-dependent reductions of active EGFR and ERKs, and increased CYP1A1 mRNA content ∼3- to 18-fold above basal level. EGFR inhibitors synergized with TCDD and resulted in transient CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA accumulations ∼8-fold greater (maximum at 5 hours) than that achieved with only TCDD. AG1478, gefitinib, and TCDD individually induced small increases (∼1.2- to 2.5-fold) in CYP1A1 protein content but did not cause additive or synergistic accumulations of CYP1A1 protein when used in combination. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD184352 inhibited ERK and EGFR activation in a concentration-dependent fashion without causing CYP1A1 mRNA accumulation. However, cotreatment with PD184352 potentiated TCDD-mediated CYP1A1 induction. TCDD-mediated induction of CYP1A1 in MCF7-TET on-EGFR cells, a MCF7 variant in which EGFR expression can be controlled, was not affected by the activity status of EGFR or ERKs. Hence, EGFR signaling mutes both basal and ligand-induced expression of two aryl hydrocarbon receptor-responsive P450s in MCF10A cultures. However, these effects are cell context-dependent. Furthermore, CYP1A1 mRNA and protein abundance are not closely coupled in MCF10A cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Joiakim
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (A.J., P.A.M., J.J.R.); Department of Pharmacology (C.S., J.J.R.) and Department of Oncology (J.B.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Patricia A Mathieu
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (A.J., P.A.M., J.J.R.); Department of Pharmacology (C.S., J.J.R.) and Department of Oncology (J.B.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Catherine Shelp
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (A.J., P.A.M., J.J.R.); Department of Pharmacology (C.S., J.J.R.) and Department of Oncology (J.B.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Julie Boerner
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (A.J., P.A.M., J.J.R.); Department of Pharmacology (C.S., J.J.R.) and Department of Oncology (J.B.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John J Reiners
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (A.J., P.A.M., J.J.R.); Department of Pharmacology (C.S., J.J.R.) and Department of Oncology (J.B.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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Radiotherapy for oral cancer decreases the cutaneous expression of host defence peptides. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:882-9. [PMID: 27193476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial resistance against antibiotics has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of cutaneous infections. Consequences can be severe, especially in infected wounds following previous local radiotherapy. Certain endogenous peptide antibiotics, the host defence peptides (HDPs), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and promote wound healing. Their use as supplements to conventional antibiotics is a current topic of discussion; however, knowledge of their quantities in healthy and compromised tissue is a prerequisite for such discussion. To date, no data concerning HDP quantities in irradiated skin are available. METHODS Expression profiles of the genes encoding HDPs, namely human beta-defensin-1 (DEFB1, hBD-1), beta-defensin-2 (DEFB4A, hBD-2), beta-defensin-3 (DEFB103, hBD-3) and S100A7, were assessed in samples of non-irradiated and irradiated neck. RESULTS A reduction in the expression of all of the examined genes was observed in irradiated skin when compared with non-irradiated skin (statistically significant in the case of S100A7, P = 0.013). Immunohistochemistry revealed differences in HDP distribution with respect to the epithelial layers. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates a significant reduction in HDP gene expression in neck skin as a result of radiotherapy. These findings might represent a starting point for novel treatments of cutaneous infections in irradiated patients, such as topical supplementation of synthetic HDP.
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Prenyl Ammonium Salts--New Carriers for Gene Delivery: A B16-F10 Mouse Melanoma Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153633. [PMID: 27088717 PMCID: PMC4835110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prenyl ammonium iodides (Amino-Prenols, APs), semi-synthetic polyprenol derivatives were studied as prospective novel gene transfer agents. METHODS AP-7, -8, -11 and -15 (aminoprenols composed of 7, 8, 11 or 15 isoprene units, respectively) were examined for their capacity to form complexes with pDNA, for cytotoxicity and ability to transfect genes to cells. RESULTS All the carriers were able to complex DNA. The highest, comparable to commercial reagents, transfection efficiency was observed for AP-15. Simultaneously, AP-15 exhibited the lowest negative impact on cell viability and proliferation--considerably lower than that of commercial agents. AP-15/DOPE complexes were also efficient to introduce pDNA to cells, without much effect on cell viability. Transfection with AP-15/DOPE complexes influenced the expression of a very few among 44 tested genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism. Furthermore, complexes containing AP-15 and therapeutic plasmid, encoding the TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), introduced the TIMP2 gene with high efficiency to B16-F10 melanoma cells but not to B16-F10 melanoma tumors in C57BL/6 mice, as confirmed by TIMP2 protein level determination. CONCLUSION Obtained results indicate that APs have a potential as non-viral vectors for cell transfection.
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Raju M S, V J, Kamaraju RS, Sritharan V, Rajkumar K, Natarajan S, Kumar AD, Burgula S. Continuous evaluation of changes in the serum proteome from early to late stages of sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4835-44. [PMID: 27082932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum protein profiles of patients with bacterial sepsis from the day of diagnosis until recovery/mortality were compared from early to late stages in response to severe sepsis using two dimensional electrophoresis. The proteins exhibiting changes during the course of sepsis (20‑28 day mortality) were selected and identified by matrix‑assisted laser desorption ionization‑time of flight‑tandem mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified, haptoglobin (Hp), transthyretin (TTR), orosomucoid 1/α1 acid glycoprotein (ORM1), α1 antitrypsin (A1AT), serum amyloid A (SAA) and S100A9 exhibited differential expression patterns between survivors (S; n=6) and non‑survivors (NS; n=6), particularly during the early stages of sepsis. Expression factors (EFs), taken as the ratio between the NS and S during early stages, showed ratios of Hp, 0.39 (P≤0.012); TTR, 3.96 (P≤0.03); ORM1, 0.69 (P≤0.79); A1AT, 0.92 (P≤0.87) and SAA, 0.69 (P≤0.01). S100A9, an acute phase protein, exhibited an EF ratio of 1.68 (P≤0.004) during the end stages of sepsis. A delayed rise in levels was observed in Hp, A1AT, ORM1, S100A9 and SAA, whereas TTR levels increased during the early stages of sepsis in NS. Analysis of inflammatory responses in the early stages of sepsis revealed increased mRNA expression in leukocytes of interleukin (IL)‑6 (EF, 2.50), IL‑10 (EF, 1.70) and prepronociceptin (EF, 1.6), which is a precursor for nociceptin in NS compared with S, and higher Toll‑like receptor‑4 (EF, 0.30) levels in S compared with NS. Therefore, a weaker acute phase response in the early stages of sepsis in NS, combined with an inefficient inflammatory response, may contribute to sepsis mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Raju M
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Jahnavi V
- Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers Department of Laboratory Medicine Global Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana 500004, India
| | - Ratnakar S Kamaraju
- Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers Department of Laboratory Medicine Global Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana 500004, India
| | - Venkataraman Sritharan
- Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers Department of Laboratory Medicine Global Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana 500004, India
| | - Karthik Rajkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Sumathi Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Anil D Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Sandeepta Burgula
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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Umazume T, Thomas WM, Campbell S, Aluri H, Thotakura S, Zoukhri D, Makarenkova HP. Lacrimal Gland Inflammation Deregulates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Alters Molecular Signature of Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:8392-402. [PMID: 26747770 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The adult lacrimal gland (LG) is highly regenerative and is able to repair itself even after substantial damage; however, this ability to regenerate is lost with the development of dry eye conditions in chronically inflamed LGs.This study compares changes in the cell adhesion and cell matrix molecules and stem cell transcription factors in the LGs of healthy mice and of two mouse models of Sjögren's syndrome: nonobese diabetic (NOD) and MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice during the early stage of inflammation. METHODS The LGs from 12- to 13-week-old female MRL/lpr and male NOD mice along with their respective control strains were harvested and divided into three pieces and processed for quantitative (q) RT-PCR and qRT-PCR Arrays, histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS The extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecules RT2-PCR array combined with protein expression data revealed changes in the expression of integrins, matrix metalloproteinases, and other molecules, which are associated largely with invasion, attachment, and expansion of the lymphocytic cells, whereas changes in the stem cell transcription factors revealed substantial decrease in expression of transcription factors associated with epithelial stem/progenitor cell lineage. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the expression of several important ECM components is significantly deregulated in the LG of two murine models of Sjögren's syndrome, suggesting an alteration of the epithelial stem/progenitor cell niche. This may result in profound effects on localization, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of the LG stem/progenitor cells and, therefore, LG regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - William M Thomas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sabrina Campbell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Hema Aluri
- Department of Diagnosis and Health Promotion, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Suharika Thotakura
- Department of Diagnosis and Health Promotion, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Diagnosis and Health Promotion, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
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Vincent ZL, Mitchell MD, Ponnampalam AP. Regulation of TIMP-1 in Human Placenta and Fetal Membranes by lipopolysaccharide and demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:136. [PMID: 26691525 PMCID: PMC4687108 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An appropriate transcriptional profile in the placenta and fetal membranes is required for successful pregnancy; any variations may lead to inappropriate timing of birth. Epigenetic regulation through reversible modification of chromatin has emerged as a fundamental mechanism for the control of gene expression in a range of biological systems and can be modified by pharmacological intervention, thus providing novel therapeutic avenues. TIMP-1 is an endogenous inhibitor of MMPs, and hence is intimately involved in maintaining the integrity of the fetal membranes until labor. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To determine if TIMP-1 is regulated by DNA methylation in gestational tissues we employed an in vitro model in which gestational tissue explants were treated with demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that TIMP-1 transcription was significantly increased by combined treatment of AZA and LPS, but not LPS alone, in villous, amnion and choriodecidua explants after 24 and 48 hrs, whilst western blotting showed protein production was stimulated after 24 hrs only. Upon interrogation of the TIMP-1 promoter using Sequenom EpiTyper MassARRAY, we discovered sex-specific differential methylation, in part explained by x-linked methylation in females. Increased TIMP-1 in the presence of LPS was potentiated by AZA treatment, signifying that a change in chromatin structure, but not in DNA methylation at the promoter region, is required for transcriptional activators to access the promoter region of TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these observations support a potential role for pharmacological agents that modify chromatin structure to be utilized in the therapeutic targeting of TIMP-1 to prevent premature rupture of the fetal membranes in an infectious setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë L Vincent
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- The Heart Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Native Australian plant extracts differentially induce Collagen I and Collagen III in vitro and could be important targets for the development of new wound healing therapies. Fitoterapia 2015; 109:45-51. [PMID: 26705840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Australian native plants have a long history of therapeutic use in indigenous cultures, however, they have been poorly studied scientifically. We analysed the effects of 14 plant derived compounds from the species Pilidiostigma glabrum, Myoporum montanum, Geijera parviflora, and Rhodomyrtus psidioides for their potential wound healing properties by assessing their ability to induce or suppress Collagen I and Collagen III expression in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The compound 7-geranyloxycoumarin was able to significantly increase Collagen I (23.7%, p<0.0002) expression in comparison to control. Significant suppression of Collagen III was observed for the compounds flindersine (11.1%, p<0.02), and (N-acetoxymethyl) flindersine (27%, p<0.00005). The implications of these finding is that these compounds could potentially alter the expression of different collagens in the skin allowing for the potential development of new wound healing therapies and new approaches for treating various skin diseases as well as photo (sun) damaged, and aged skin.
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De Naeyer H, Lamon S, Russell AP, Everaert I, De Spaey A, Jamart C, Vanheel B, Taes Y, Derave W. Effects of tail suspension on serum testosterone and molecular targets regulating muscle mass. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:278-88. [PMID: 25524358 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The contribution of reduced testosterone levels to tail suspension (TS)-induced muscle atrophy remains equivocal. The molecular mechanism by which testosterone regulates muscle mass during TS has not been investigated. METHODS Effects of TS on serum testosterone levels, muscle mass, and expression of muscle atrophy- and hypertrophy-inducing targets were measured in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles after testosterone administration during 1, 5, and 14 days of TS in male mice. RESULTS TS produced an increase followed by a transient drop in testosterone levels. Muscle atrophy was associated with downregulation of Igf1 and upregulation of Mstn, Redd1, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 mRNA with clear differences in Igf1, Mstn, and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 gene expression between SOL and EDL. Testosterone supplementation did not affect muscle mass or protein expression levels during TS. Conclusions The known anabolic effects of testosterone are not sufficient to ameliorate loss of muscle mass during TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène De Naeyer
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies De Spaey
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cécile Jamart
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bert Vanheel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Physiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Youri Taes
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Godwin A, Sharma A, Yang WL, Wang Z, Nicastro J, Coppa GF, Wang P. Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Deficiency Delays Cutaneous Wound Healing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140514. [PMID: 26451737 PMCID: PMC4599740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing consists of a complex, dynamic and overlapping process involving inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. A better understanding of wound healing process at the molecular level is needed for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) controls programmed necrosis in response to TNF-α during inflammation and has been shown to be highly induced during cutaneous wound repair. However, its role in wound healing remains to be demonstrated. To study this, we created dorsal cutaneous wounds on male wild-type (WT) and RIPK3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice. Wound area was measured daily until day 14 post-wound and skin tissues were collected from wound sites at various days for analysis. The wound healing rate in Ripk3-/- mice was slower than the WT mice over the 14-day course; especially, at day 7, the wound size in Ripk3-/- mice was 53% larger than that of WT mice. H&E and Masson-Trichrome staining analysis showed impaired quality of wound closure in Ripk3-/- wounds with delayed re-epithelialization and angiogenesis and defected granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition compared to WT. The neutrophil infiltration pattern was altered in Ripk3-/- wounds with less neutrophils at day 1 and more neutrophils at day 3. This altered pattern was also reflected in the differential expression of IL-6, KC, IL-1β and TNF-α between WT and Ripk3-/- wounds. MMP-9 protein expression was decreased with increased Timp-1 mRNA in the Ripk3-/- wounds compared to WT. The microvascular density along with the intensity and timing of induction of proangiogenic growth factors VEGF and TGF-β1 were also decreased or delayed in the Ripk3-/- wounds. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Ripk3-/- mice migrated less towards chemoattractants TGF-β1 and PDGF than MEFs from WT mice. These results clearly demonstrate that RIPK3 is an essential molecule to maintain the temporal manner of the normal progression of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Godwin
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Archna Sharma
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Gene F. Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Relationship between differentially expressed mRNA and mRNA-protein correlations in a xenograft model system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10775. [PMID: 26053859 PMCID: PMC4459080 DOI: 10.1038/srep10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential mRNA expression studies implicitly assume that changes in mRNA expression have biological meaning, most likely mediated by corresponding changes in protein levels. Yet studies into mRNA-protein correspondence have shown notoriously poor correlation between mRNA and protein expression levels, creating concern for inferences from only mRNA expression data. However, none of these studies have examined in particular differentially expressed mRNA. Here, we examined this question in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. We measured protein and mRNA expression for twenty-nine genes in four drug-treatment conditions and in untreated controls. We identified mRNAs differentially expressed between drug-treated xenografts and controls, then analysed mRNA-protein expression correlation across a five-point time-course within each of the four experimental conditions. We evaluated correlations between mRNAs and their protein products for mRNAs differentially expressed within an experimental condition compared to those that are not. We found that differentially expressed mRNAs correlate significantly better with their protein product than non-differentially expressed mRNAs. This result increases confidence for the use of differential mRNA expression for biological discovery in this system, as well as providing optimism for the usefulness of inferences from mRNA expression in general.
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Heublein S, Mayr D, Meindl A, Angele M, Gallwas J, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Thyroid Hormone Receptors Predict Prognosis in BRCA1 Associated Breast Cancer in Opposing Ways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127072. [PMID: 26029931 PMCID: PMC4451081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since BRCA1 associated breast cancers are frequently classified as hormone receptor negative or even triple negative, the application of endocrine therapies is rather limited in these patients. Like hormone receptors that bind to estrogen or progesterone, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. TRs might be interesting biomarkers - especially in the absence of classical hormone receptors. The current study aimed to investigate whether TRs may be specifically expressed in BRCA1 associated cancer cases and whether they are of prognostic significance in these patients as compared to sporadic breast cancer cases. This study analyzed TRα and TRβ immunopositivity in BRCA1 associated (n = 38) and sporadic breast cancer (n = 86). Further, TRs were studied in MCF7 (BRCA1 wildtype) and HCC3153 (BRCA1 mutated) cells. TRβ positivity rate was significantly higher in BRCA1 associated as compared to sporadic breast cancers (p = 0.001). The latter observation remained to be significant when cases that had been matched for clinicopathological criteria were compared (p = 0.037). Regarding BRCA1 associated breast cancer cases TRβ positivity turned out to be a positive prognostic factor for five-year (p = 0.007) and overall survival (p = 0.026) while TRα positivity predicted reduced five-year survival (p = 0.030). Activation of TRβ resulted in down-modulation of CTNNB1 while TRα inhibition reduced cell viability in HCC3153. However, only BRCA1 wildtype MCF7 cells were capable of rapidly degrading TRα1 in response to T3 stimulation. Significantly, this study identified TRβ to be up-regulated in BRCA1 associated breast cancer and revealed TRs to be associated with patients’ prognosis. TRs were also found to be expressed in triple negative BRCA1 associated breast cancer. Further studies need to be done in order to evaluate whether TRs may become interesting targets of endocrine therapeutic approaches, especially when tumors are triple-negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Differentiation between acute skin rejection in allotransplantation and T-cell mediated skin inflammation based on gene expression analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:259160. [PMID: 25756043 PMCID: PMC4338383 DOI: 10.1155/2015/259160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microsurgical techniques and immunosuppressive medication have rendered transplantation of vascularized composite allografts possible, when autologous tissue is neither available nor sufficient for reconstruction. However, skin rejection and side effects of long-term immunosuppression still remain a major hurdle for wide adoption of this excellent reconstructive technique. Histopathologic changes during acute skin rejection in vascular composite allotransplantation often mimic inflammatory skin disorders and are hard to distinguish. Hence, the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic markers specific for skin rejection is of particular clinical need. Here we present novel markers allowing for early differentiation between rejection in hind limb allotransplantation and contact hypersensitivity. Assessment of Ccl7, Il18, and Il1b expression is most indicative of distinguishing skin rejection from skin inflammatory disorders. Gene expression levels varied significantly across skin types and regions, indicating localization specific mechanism of leukocyte migration and infiltration. Expression of Il12b, Il17a, and Il1b gene expression levels differed significantly between rejection and inflammation, independent of the skin type. In synopsis of the RNA expression profile and previously assessed protein expression, the Il1 family appears as a promising option for accurate skin rejection diagnosis and, as a following step, for development of novel rejection treatments.
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Mirzaei A, Tavoosidana G, Modarressi MH, Rad AA, Fazeli MS, Shirkoohi R, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Madjd Z. Upregulation of circulating cancer stem cell marker, DCLK1 but not Lgr5, in chemoradiotherapy-treated colorectal cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4801-10. [PMID: 25631749 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) markers have attracted considerable attention in tumor diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Detection of cancer stem cells in circulating blood using cancer stem cell markers has received remarkable attention recently. In this study, we aimed to investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of Lgr5 and DCLK1 as most proposed colorectal CSC markers in blood circulation also determine the subsequent association to patients' clinical and pathological findings. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 58 patients with colorectal cancer at stage I-IV with 33 out of 58 patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), as well as 58 healthy controls have been isolated and the extracted RNAs were analyzed using real-time PCR. The mRNA expression pattern of CSC markers of patients and controls was compared using ΔΔCt method. The expression level of Lgr5 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients comparing to healthy group (4.8-fold change, p < 0.001). Also there was a significant increase in expression level of Lgr5 in patients at stages III and IV comparing to stages I and II (p = 0.031) and higher grades (p = 0.039) of CRC. The expression of DCLK1 was also elevated in patients significantly (2.7-fold change, p < 0.001) and the related expression was increased by increasing disease stage (p = 0.025). Combination of DCLK1 and Lgr5 markers was analyzed by logistic regression and proved to be a slightly better marker compared to each marker alone. Interestingly the DCLK1 expression level was significantly higher in patients undergoing preoperative CRT (p = 0.041); however, no association to neoadjuvant CRT was observed for Lgr5. Considering the over-expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 in circulating blood of CRC patients comparing to controls, our results might emphasize on the presence of CSCs in blood of these patients which might be attributed to their clinical and pathological characteristics and may lead to apply in future clinical implications. Moreover, the higher expression level of DCLK1 in patients undergoing CRT can propose it as a more relevant candidate among CSC markers comparing to Lgr5 for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Eastern side of Tehran University, 88, Italia St, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Many preclinical studies in critical care medicine and related disciplines rely on hypothesis-driven research in mice. The underlying premise posits that mice sufficiently emulate numerous pathophysiologic alterations produced by trauma/sepsis and can serve as an experimental platform for answering clinically relevant questions. Recently, the lay press severely criticized the translational relevance of mouse models in critical care medicine. A series of provocative editorials were elicited by a highly publicized research report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS; February 2013), which identified an unrecognized gene expression profile mismatch between human and murine leukocytes following burn/trauma/endotoxemia. Based on their data, the authors concluded that mouse models of trauma/inflammation are unsuitable for studying corresponding human conditions. We believe this conclusion was not justified. In conjunction with resulting negative commentary in the popular press, it can seriously jeopardize future basic research in critical care medicine. We will address some limitations of that PNAS report to provide a framework for discussing its conclusions and attempt to present a balanced summary of strengths/weaknesses of use of mouse models. While many investigators agree that animal research is a central component for improved patient outcomes, it is important to acknowledge known limitations in clinical translation from mouse to man. The scientific community is responsible to discuss valid limitations without overinterpretation. Hopefully, a balanced view of the strengths/weaknesses of using animals for trauma/endotoxemia/critical care research will not result in hasty discount of the clear need for using animals to advance treatment of critically ill patients.
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Boda SK, Thrivikraman G, Basu B. Magnetic field assisted stem cell differentiation – role of substrate magnetization in osteogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3150-3168. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substrate magnetization as a tool for modulating the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Boda
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Materials Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
| | - Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Materials Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Materials Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
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Noorlag R, van der Groep P, Leusink FKJ, van Hooff SR, Frank MH, Willems SM, van Es RJJ. Nodal metastasis and survival in oral cancer: Association with protein expression of SLPI, not with LCN2, TACSTD2, or THBS2. Head Neck 2014; 37:1130-6. [PMID: 24764155 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression profiling revealed a strong signature predicting lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Four of the most predictive genes are secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), thrombospondin-2 (THBS2), and tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2). This study correlates their protein expression with lymph node metastases, overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). METHODS Two hundred twelve patients with OSCC were included for protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SLPI expression correlates with lymph node metastases in the whole cohort, not in a subgroup of cT1 to 2N0. SLPI expression correlates with OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61) and DSS (HR = 0.47) in multivariate analysis. LCN2, THBS2, and TACSTD2 show no correlation with lymph node metastases, OS, or DSS. CONCLUSION Although SLPI expression correlates with lymph node metastases, it has no additional value in determining lymph node metastases in early oral cancer. However, it is an independent predictor for both OS and DSS and therefore a relevant prognostic biomarker in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra van der Groep
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank K J Leusink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michaël H Frank
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J J van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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