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Wang Z, Chang X, Hao W, Wang Y, Huang M, Sun B, Zeng XA, Liu H, Wu J, Zhao D. Study on Interaction of Aromatic Substances and Correlation between Electroencephalogram Correlates of Odor Perception in Light Flavor Baijiu. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16519-16529. [PMID: 39011869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Light-flavor Baijiu (LFB) is widely cherished for its flavor. This study identified the thresholds of 14 aroma compounds in a 52% ethanol-water matrix and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the interactions among key aroma compounds in LFB using the Feller additive model and odor activity values approach. Among them, the interactions of β-damascenone with ester and alcohol compounds were primarily promotive, while the interaction with acid compounds was predominantly masking. Furthermore, for the first time, the electroencephalogram (EEG) technology was used to characterize the interactions between aroma compounds. The results showed that the brain activity in the alpha frequency band demonstrated heightened olfactory sensitivity. The EEG could not only display the additive effect of odor intensity but also reflect the differences in aroma similarity between different odors. This study demonstrated that the EEG can serve as an effective tool for olfactory assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Hao
- Niulanshan Distillery, Beijing Shunxin Agriculture Co. Ltd., Beijing 101301, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Niulanshan Distillery, Beijing Shunxin Agriculture Co. Ltd., Beijing 101301, China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Gao J, Sun R, Leung HK, Roberts A, Wu BWY, Tsang EW, Tang ACW, Sik HH. Increased neurocardiological interplay after mindfulness meditation: a brain oscillation-based approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1008490. [PMID: 37405324 PMCID: PMC10315629 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1008490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain oscillations facilitate interaction within the brain network and between the brain and heart activities, and the alpha wave, as a prominent brain oscillation, plays a major role in these coherent activities. We hypothesize that mindfully breathing can make the brain and heart activities more coherent in terms of increased connectivity between the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Methods Eleven participants (28-52 years) attended 8 weeks of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training. EEG and ECG data of two states of mindful breathing and rest, both eye-closed, were recorded before and after the training. EEGLAB was used to analyze the alpha band (8-12 Hz) power, alpha peak frequency (APF), peak power and coherence. FMRIB toolbox was used to extract the ECG data. Heart coherence (HC) and heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) were calculated for further correlation analysis. Results After 8 weeks of MBSR training, the correlation between APF and HC increased significantly in the middle frontal region and bilateral temporal regions. The correlation between alpha coherence and heart coherence had similar changes, while alpha peak power did not reflect such changes. In contrast, spectrum analysis alone did not show difference before and after MBSR training. Conclusion The brain works in rhythmic oscillation, and this rhythmic connection becomes more coherent with cardiac activity after 8 weeks of MBSR training. Individual APF is relatively stable and its interplay with cardiac activity may be a more sensitive index than power spectrum by monitoring the brain-heart connection. This preliminary study has important implications for the neuroscientific measurement of meditative practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Kin Leung
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adam Roberts
- Singapore-ETH Centre, Future Resilient Systems Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bonnie Wai Yan Wu
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric W. Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew C. W. Tang
- Department of Psychology, HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Hung Sik
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Soyuhos O, Baldauf D. Functional connectivity fingerprints of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction suggest spatial versus nonspatial processing in the prefrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1114-1140. [PMID: 36789470 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the frontal eye field (FEF) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) govern the encoding of spatial and nonspatial (such as feature- or object-based) representations, respectively, both during visual attention and working memory tasks. However, it is still unclear whether such contrasting functional segregation is also reflected in their underlying functional connectivity patterns. Here, we hypothesized that FEF has predominant functional coupling with spatiotopically organized regions in the dorsal ('where') visual stream whereas IFJ has predominant functional connectivity with the ventral ('what') visual stream. We applied seed-based functional connectivity analyses to temporally high-resolving resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. We parcellated the brain according to the multimodal Glasser atlas and tested, for various frequency bands, whether the spontaneous activity of each parcel in the ventral and dorsal visual pathway has predominant functional connectivity with FEF or IFJ. The results show that FEF has a robust power correlation with the dorsal visual pathway in beta and gamma bands. In contrast, anterior IFJ (IFJa) has a strong power coupling with the ventral visual stream in delta, beta and gamma oscillations. Moreover, while FEF is phase-coupled with the superior parietal lobe in the beta band, IFJa is phase-coupled with the middle and inferior temporal cortex in delta and gamma oscillations. We argue that these intrinsic connectivity fingerprints are congruent with each brain region's function. Therefore, we conclude that FEF and IFJ have dissociable connectivity patterns that fit their respective functional roles in spatial versus nonspatial top-down attention and working memory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Soyuhos
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel Baldauf
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Berretz G, Dutschke C, Leonard E, Packheiser J. Ewww-Investigating the neural basis of disgust in response to naturalistic and pictorial nauseating stimuli. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:1054224. [PMID: 36756635 PMCID: PMC9899807 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1054224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion induction in psychological and neuroscientific research has been mostly done by presenting participants with picture or film material. However, it is debatable whether this passive approach to emotion induction results in an affective state comparable to real-life emotions, and if the neural correlates of emotion processing are ecologically valid. To investigate the appropriateness of pictures for the induction of emotions, we presented 56 participants in a within-subjects design with naturalistic disgusting and neutral stimuli as well as with pictures of said stimulus material while recording continuous EEG data. We calculated asymmetry indices (AIs) for alpha power as an index of emotion processing and emotion regulation at the F3/4, F5/6, F7/8, and O1/2 electrode pairs. Participants reported higher disgust ratings for disgusting naturalistic compared to disgusting pictorial stimuli. Investigating changes in the EEG signal in participants with a pronounced disgust response (n = 38), we found smaller AIs for naturalistic stimuli compared to pictures. Moreover, in this disgusted sub-sample, there were smaller AIs in response to naturalistic disgusting stimuli compared to pictorial disgusting and neutral stimuli at the O1/2 electrode pair indicating stronger activation of the right relative to the left hemisphere by naturalistic stimuli. As the right hemisphere has been shown to display dominance in processing negative and withdrawal-associated emotions, this might indicate that naturalistic stimuli are more appropriate for the induction of emotions than picture stimuli. To improve the validity of results from emotion induction, future research should incorporate stimulus material that is as naturalistic as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Berretz
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Canan Dutschke
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elodie Leonard
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Packheiser
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Leroy S, Major S, Bublitz V, Dreier JP, Koch S. Unveiling age-independent spectral markers of propofol-induced loss of consciousness by decomposing the electroencephalographic spectrum into its periodic and aperiodic components. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1076393. [PMID: 36742202 PMCID: PMC9889977 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1076393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induction of general anesthesia with propofol induces radical changes in cortical network organization, leading to unconsciousness. While perioperative frontal electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely implemented in the past decades, validated and age-independent EEG markers for the timepoint of loss of consciousness (LOC) are lacking. Especially the appearance of spatially coherent frontal alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) marks the transition to unconsciousness.Here we explored whether decomposing the EEG spectrum into its periodic and aperiodic components unveiled markers of LOC and investigated their age-dependency. We further characterized the LOC-associated alpha oscillations by parametrizing the adjusted power over the aperiodic component, the center frequency, and the bandwidth of the peak in the alpha range. Methods In this prospective observational trial, EEG were recorded in a young (18-30 years) and an elderly age-cohort (≥ 70 years) over the transition to propofol-induced unconsciousness. An event marker was set in the EEG recordings at the timepoint of LOC, defined with the suppression of the lid closure reflex. Spectral analysis was conducted with the multitaper method. Aperiodic and periodic components were parametrized with the FOOOF toolbox. Aperiodic parametrization comprised the exponent and the offset. The periodic parametrization consisted in the characterization of the peak in the alpha range with its adjusted power, center frequency and bandwidth. Three time-segments were defined: preLOC (105 - 75 s before LOC), LOC (15 s before to 15 s after LOC), postLOC (190 - 220 s after LOC). Statistical significance was determined with a repeated-measures ANOVA. Results Loss of consciousness was associated with an increase in the aperiodic exponent (young: p = 0.004, elderly: p = 0.007) and offset (young: p = 0.020, elderly: p = 0.004) as well as an increase in the adjusted power (young: p < 0.001, elderly p = 0.011) and center frequency (young: p = 0.008, elderly: p < 0.001) of the periodic alpha peak. We saw age-related differences in the aperiodic exponent and offset after LOC as well as in the power and bandwidth of the periodic alpha peak during LOC. Conclusion Decomposing the EEG spectrum over induction of anesthesia into its periodic and aperiodic components unveiled novel age-independent EEG markers of propofol-induced LOC: the aperiodic exponent and offset as well as the center frequency and adjusted power of the power peak in the alpha range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leroy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Major
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Bublitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens P. Dreier
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Susanne Koch, ✉
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Ismail L, Karwowski W, Farahani FV, Rahman M, Alhujailli A, Fernandez-Sumano R, Hancock PA. Modeling Brain Functional Connectivity Patterns during an Isometric Arm Force Exertion Task at Different Levels of Perceived Exertion: A Graph Theoretical Approach. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1575. [PMID: 36421899 PMCID: PMC9688629 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of physical exertion is the cognitive sensation of work demands associated with voluntary muscular actions. Measurements of exerted force are crucial for avoiding the risk of overexertion and understanding human physical capability. For this purpose, various physiological measures have been used; however, the state-of-the-art in-force exertion evaluation lacks assessments of underlying neurophysiological signals. The current study applied a graph theoretical approach to investigate the topological changes in the functional brain network induced by predefined force exertion levels for twelve female participants during an isometric arm task and rated their perceived physical comfort levels. The functional connectivity under predefined force exertion levels was assessed using the coherence method for 84 anatomical brain regions of interest at the electroencephalogram (EEG) source level. Then, graph measures were calculated to quantify the network topology for two frequency bands. The results showed that high-level force exertions are associated with brain networks characterized by more significant clustering coefficients (6%), greater modularity (5%), higher global efficiency (9%), and less distance synchronization (25%) under alpha coherence. This study on the neurophysiological basis of physical exertions with various force levels suggests that brain regions communicate and cooperate higher when muscle force exertions increase to meet the demands of physically challenging tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ismail
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Arab Academy for Science Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria 2913, Egypt
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Farzad V. Farahani
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mahjabeen Rahman
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ashraf Alhujailli
- Department of Management Science, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu 46452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raul Fernandez-Sumano
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - P. A. Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Relationship between electroencephalographic data and comfort perception captured in a Virtual Reality design environment of an aircraft cabin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10938. [PMID: 35768460 PMCID: PMC9243066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful aircraft cabin design depends on how the different stakeholders are involved since the first phases of product development. To predict passenger satisfaction prior to the manufacturing phase, human response was investigated in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment simulating a cabin aircraft. Subjective assessments of virtual designs have been collected via questionnaires, while the underlying neural mechanisms have been captured through electroencephalographic (EEG) data. In particular, we focused on the modulation of EEG alpha rhythm as a valuable marker of the brain’s internal state and investigated which changes in alpha power and connectivity can be related to a different visual comfort perception by comparing groups with higher and lower comfort rates. Results show that alpha-band power decreased in occipital regions during subjects’ immersion in the virtual cabin compared with the relaxation state, reflecting attention to the environment. Moreover, alpha-band power was modulated by comfort perception: lower comfort was associated with a lower alpha power compared to higher comfort. Further, alpha-band Granger connectivity shows top-down mechanisms in higher comfort participants, modulating attention and restoring partial relaxation. Present results contribute to understanding the role of alpha rhythm in visual comfort perception and demonstrate that VR and EEG represent promising tools to quantify human–environment interactions.
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Chen PH, Rau PLP. Alpha Oscillations in Parietal and Parietooccipital Explaining How Boredom Matters Prospective Memory. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:789031. [PMID: 35495062 PMCID: PMC9043245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.789031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent interaction alters previous human–machine task allocation patterns. Human workers will suffer from boredom and inattention, posing a significant challenge for the human–machine interaction loop. This study aims to investigate the relationship between boredom and prospective memory, which is a memory form including the detecting, identifying, and executing functions. Thus, the attention and memory mechanisms are critical to complete prospective memory tasks when bored. This study recruited twenty-eight participants and used electroencephalography to measure the alpha power in brain regions. The results indicated that parietal oscillations had a mediation effect on prospective memory, which could be associated with the frequent unstable attention. In addition, this study found that parietooccipital oscillations linked boredom and prospective memory, and the default mode network (DMN) and visual processing during boredom could better explain this finding. The findings of this study suggested that attention management and influences of processing visual information were starting points to cope with boredom because they could help prepare for prospective memory and make optimal decisions accordingly.
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Zhang L, Fang K, Tao S, Deng L, Li H, Cao Y, Wang L, Yu F, Gu E. Electroencephalography-demonstrated mechanisms of dexmedetomidine-mediated deepening of propofol anesthesia: an observational study. Perioper Med (Lond) 2021; 10:44. [PMID: 34879867 PMCID: PMC8656083 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-021-00213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dexmedetomidine (Dex) is known to reduce bispectral index (BIS) values and propofol dosage, there is little information regarding raw electroencephalography (EEG) changes related to Dex deepening of propofol general anesthesia (GA). This study investigated the Dex effects on propofol GA via analysis of EEG changes. METHODS A study cohort of 21 surgical patients (age range, 20-60 years) categorized as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II was enrolled. We used time-varying spectral and bicoherence methods to compare electroencephalogram signatures 5 min before versus 10 min after intravenous Dex injection under propofol GA. The means and medians are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and inter-quartile ranges (IQRs), respectively. RESULTS Dex augmented the slow waves power and theta (θ) oscillation bicoherence peak from a mean (95% CI) of 22.1% (19.0, 25.2) to 25.2% (21.8, 28.6). Meanwhile, Dex reduced alpha (α) peak power and bicoherence from 3.5 dB (1.0, 6.0) and 41.5% (34.0, 49.0) to 1.7 dB (- 0.6, 4.0) and 35.4% (29.0, 41.8), respectively, while diminishing the median frequency of α oscillation peak values and the mean frequency of α peaks in bicoherence spectra from 12.0 Hz (IQR 11.2, 12.6) and 11.7 Hz (11.3, 12.2) to 11.1 Hz (IQR 10.3, 11.8) and 11.2 Hz (10.9, 11.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Profound EEG changes support the supposition that Dex enhances propofol-induced GA from a moderate to a deeper state. The present findings provide a theoretical basis and reference regarding protocols aimed at reducing anesthetic/sedative dosage while maintaining sufficient depth of GA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900026955 . Registered on 27 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengwei Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengqiong Yu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Erwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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A Bridge between the Breath and the Brain: Synchronization of Respiration, a Pupillometric Marker of the Locus Coeruleus, and an EEG Marker of Attentional Control State. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101324. [PMID: 34679389 PMCID: PMC8534189 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yogic and meditative traditions have long held that the fluctuations of the breath and the mind are intimately related. While respiratory modulation of cortical activity and attentional switching are established, the extent to which electrophysiological markers of attention exhibit synchronization with respiration is unknown. To this end, we examined (1) frontal midline theta-beta ratio (TBR), an indicator of attentional control state known to correlate with mind wandering episodes and functional connectivity of the executive control network; (2) pupil diameter (PD), a known proxy measure of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic activity; and (3) respiration for evidence of phase synchronization and information transfer (multivariate Granger causality) during quiet restful breathing. Our results indicate that both TBR and PD are simultaneously synchronized with the breath, suggesting an underlying oscillation of an attentionally relevant electrophysiological index that is phase-locked to the respiratory cycle which could have the potential to bias the attentional system into switching states. We highlight the LC’s pivotal role as a coupling mechanism between respiration and TBR, and elaborate on its dual functions as both a chemosensitive respiratory nucleus and a pacemaker of the attentional system. We further suggest that an appreciation of the dynamics of this weakly coupled oscillatory system could help deepen our understanding of the traditional claim of a relationship between breathing and attention.
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Cellier D, Riddle J, Petersen I, Hwang K. The development of theta and alpha neural oscillations from ages 3 to 24 years. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 50:100969. [PMID: 34174512 PMCID: PMC8249779 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic, unconstrained neural activity exhibits rich spatial, temporal, and spectral organization that undergoes continuous refinement from childhood through adolescence. The goal of this study was to investigate the development of theta (4-8 Hertz) and alpha (8-12 Hertz) oscillations from early childhood to adulthood (years 3-24), as these oscillations play a fundamental role in cognitive function. We analyzed eyes-open, resting-state EEG data from 96 participants to estimate genuine oscillations separately from the aperiodic (1/f) signal. We examined age-related differences in the aperiodic signal (slope and offset), as well as the peak frequency and power of the dominant posterior oscillation. For the aperiodic signal, we found that both the aperiodic slope and offset decreased with age. For the dominant oscillation, we found that peak frequency, but not power, increased with age. Critically, early childhood (ages 3-7) was characterized by a dominance of theta oscillations in posterior electrodes, whereas peak frequency of the dominant oscillation in the alpha range increased between ages 7 and 24. Furthermore, theta oscillations displayed a topographical transition from dominance in posterior electrodes in early childhood to anterior electrodes in adulthood. Our results provide a quantitative description of the development of theta and alpha oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillan Cellier
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, United States; University of Iowa, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, United States.
| | - Justin Riddle
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Isaac Petersen
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, United States; University of Iowa, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - Kai Hwang
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, United States; University of Iowa, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, United States
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12
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EEG Coherence Metrics for Vigilance: Sensitivity to Workload, Time-on-Task, and Individual Differences. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2021; 45:183-194. [PMID: 32297070 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-020-09461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The vigilance decrement in performance is a significant operational issue in various applied settings. Psychophysiological methods for diagnostic monitoring of vigilance have focused on power spectral density measures from the electroencephalogram (EEG). This article addresses the diagnosticity of an alternative set of EEG measures, coherence between different electrode sites. Coherence metrics may index the functional connectivity between brain regions that supports sustained attention. Coherence was calculated for seven pre-defined brain networks. Workload and time-on-task factors primarily influenced alpha and theta coherence in anterior, central, and inter-hemispheric networks. Individual differences in coherence in inter-hemispheric, left intro-hemispheric and posterior networks correlated with performance. These findings demonstrate the potential applied utility of coherence metrics, although several methodological limitations and challenges must be overcome.
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Laxminarayan S, Wang C, Ramakrishnan S, Oyama T, Cashmere JD, Germain A, Reifman J. Alterations in sleep electroencephalography synchrony in combat-exposed veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Sleep 2021; 43:5714726. [PMID: 31971594 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We assessed whether the synchrony between brain regions, analyzed using electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded during sleep, is altered in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and whether the results are reproducible across consecutive nights and subpopulations of the study. METHODS A total of 78 combat-exposed veteran men with (n = 31) and without (n = 47) PTSD completed two consecutive laboratory nights of high-density EEG recordings. We computed a measure of synchrony for each EEG channel-pair across three sleep stages (rapid eye movement [REM] and non-REM stages 2 and 3) and six frequency bands. We examined the median synchrony in 9 region-of-interest (ROI) pairs consisting of 6 bilateral brain regions (left and right frontal, central, and parietal regions) for 10 frequency-band and sleep-stage combinations. To assess reproducibility, we used the first 47 consecutive subjects (18 with PTSD) for initial discovery and the remaining 31 subjects (13 with PTSD) for replication. RESULTS In the discovery analysis, five alpha-band synchrony pairs during non-REM sleep were consistently larger in PTSD subjects compared with controls (effect sizes ranging from 0.52 to 1.44) across consecutive nights: two between the left-frontal and left-parietal ROIs, one between the left-central and left-parietal ROIs, and two across central and parietal bilateral ROIs. These trends were preserved in the replication set. CONCLUSION PTSD subjects showed increased alpha-band synchrony during non-REM sleep in the left frontoparietal, left centro-parietal, and inter-parietal brain regions. Importantly, these trends were reproducible across consecutive nights and subpopulations. Thus, these alterations in alpha synchrony may be discriminatory of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Laxminarayan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - Sridhar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - Tatsuya Oyama
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., MD
| | - J David Cashmere
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, MD
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Gorgoni M, D’Atri A, Scarpelli S, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. The electroencephalographic features of the sleep onset process and their experimental manipulation with sleep deprivation and transcranial electrical stimulation protocols. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:25-37. [PMID: 32343983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kang JN, Song JJ, Casanova MF, Sokhadze EM, Li XL. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on children with low-function autism. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1254-1261. [PMID: 31228356 PMCID: PMC6834922 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a very complex neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by social difficulties and stereotypical or repetitive behavior. Some previous studies using low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have proven of benefit in ASD children. Methods In this study, 32 children (26 males and six females) with low‐function autism were enrolled, 16 children (three females and 13 males; mean ± SD age: 7.8 ± 2.1 years) received rTMS treatment twice every week, while the remaining 16 children (three females and 13 males; mean ± SD age: 7.2 ± 1.6 years) served as waitlist group. This study investigated the effects of rTMS on brain activity and behavioral response in the autistic children. Results Peak alpha frequency (PAF) is an electroencephalographic measure of cognitive preparedness and might be a neural marker of cognitive function for the autism. Coherence is one way to assess the brain functional connectivity of ASD children, which has proven abnormal in previous studies. The results showed significant increases in the PAF at the frontal region, the left temporal region, the right temporal region and the occipital region and a significant increase of alpha coherence between the central region and the right temporal region. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores were also compared before and after receiving rTMS with positive effects shown on behavior. Conclusion These findings supported our hypothesis by demonstration of positive effects of combined rTMS neurotherapy in active treatment group as compared to the waitlist group, as the rTMS group showed significant improvements in behavioral and functional outcomes as compared to the waitlist group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Nan Kang
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia-Jia Song
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Manuel F Casanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Campus, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Estate M Sokhadze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Campus, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Cruz-Aguilar MA, Hernández-González M, Guevara MA, Hernández-Arteaga E, Hidalgo Aguirre RM, Amezcua Gutiérrez CDC, Ramírez-Salado I. Alpha electroencephalographic activity during rapid eye movement sleep in the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi
): An index of arousal during sleep? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 329:557-569. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,” Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Ciudad de México; México
- Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta; Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva; Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara México
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta; Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara México
| | - Enrique Hernández-Arteaga
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva; Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara México
| | - Rosa María Hidalgo Aguirre
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Neuropsicología, División de Neurociencias; Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara; Ameca México
| | | | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,” Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Ciudad de México; México
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Yeum TS, Kang UG. Reduction in Alpha Peak Frequency and Coherence on Quantitative Electroencephalography in Patients with Schizophrenia. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e179. [PMID: 29930490 PMCID: PMC6010743 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of alpha wave peak frequency, power, and coherence in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched subjects with no psychopathology were enrolled. All study participants underwent quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Alpha-related values, including peak frequency, power, and coherence, were evaluated. RESULTS Alpha peak frequency on the Oz area was slower in the schizophrenia group than that in the control group. However, no differences in absolute or relative power were observed between the two groups. Significant reductions in absolute and relative coherence were observed at the C3-C4 and T3-T4 nodes in the patients with schizophrenia. Relative coherence was reduced at the P3-P4 nodes. CONCLUSION This study focused on alpha variables detected in QEEG as intrinsic values to distinguish schizophrenia from a healthy control. The results suggest decreased alpha peak frequency of the occipital lobe and decreased coherence between the two hemispheres in patients with schizophrenia. A further study could elucidate the causal relationship and biological meaning of the variations in alpha waves in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung Yeum
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Xi C, Sun S, Pan C, Ji F, Cui X, Li T. Different effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation on electroencephalogram patterns: Wakefulness, moderate sedation, deep sedation and recovery. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199120. [PMID: 29920532 PMCID: PMC6007908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedation induces changes in electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics. However, the distinct EEG dynamic characteristics at comparable sedation levels have not been well studied, resulting in potential interpretation errors in EEG monitoring during sedation. We aimed to analyze the EEG dynamics of dexmedetomidine and propofol at comparable sedation levels and to explore EEG changes with increased sedation levels for each agent. We measured the Bispectral Index (BIS) and 20-channel EEG under dexmedetomidine and propofol sedation from wakefulness, moderate sedation, and deep sedation to recovery in healthy volunteers (n = 10) in a randomized, 2-day, crossover study. Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (OAA/S) score was used to assess sedation levels. Despite similar changes in increased delta oscillations, multiple differences in the EEG spatiotemporal dynamics were observed between these two agents. During moderate sedation, both dexmedetomidine and propofol induced increased spindle power; however, dexmedetomidine decreased the global alpha/beta/gamma power, whereas propofol decreased the alpha power in the occipital area and increased the global spindle/beta/gamma power. During deep sedation, dexmedetomidine was associated with increased fronto-central spindle power and decreased global alpha/beta/gamma power, but propofol was associated with increased theta/alpha/spindle/beta power, which was maximized in the frontal area. The transition of topographic alpha/spindle/beta power distribution from moderate sedation to deep sedation completely differed between these two agents. Our study demonstrated that there was a distinct hierarchy of EEG changes with increased sedation depths by propofol and dexmedetomidine. Differences in EEG dynamics at the same sedation level might account for differences in the BIS value and reflect the different sedation mechanisms. EEG-based clinical sedation monitoring should consider the effect of drug types on EEG dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Cruz-Aguilar MA, Ramírez-Salado I, Guevara MA, Hernández-González M, Benitez-King G. Melatonin Effects on EEG Activity During Sleep Onset in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:55-65. [PMID: 30480249 PMCID: PMC6159690 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence demonstrating that 5-mg of fast-release melatonin significantly reduces nocturnal sleep onset in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the physiological mechanism that could promote sleep installation by melatonin in patients with AD is still poorly understood. The present pilot study was designed to analyze the effects of melatonin on cortical activity during the sleep onset period (SOP) in eight mild-to-moderate AD patients treated with 5-mg of fast-release melatonin. Electroencephalographic recordings were obtained from C3-A1, C4-A2, F7-T3, F8-T4, F3-F4, and O1-O2. The relative power (RP), interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, and fronto-posterior correlations of six electroencephalographic bands were calculated and compared between two conditions: placebo and melatonin. Results show that at F7-T3, F3-F4, and C3-A1, melatonin induced an increase of the RP of the delta band. Likewise, in F7-T3, melatonin induced a decrease of the RP in the alpha1 band. Similarly, results show a lower interhemispheric correlation between the F7-T3 and F8-T4 derivations in the alpha1 band compared to the placebo condition. We conclude that the short sleep onset related to melatonin intake in AD patients was associated with a lower RP of the alpha1, a higher RP of the delta band (mainly in the left hemisphere) and a decreased interhemispheric EEG coupling in the alpha1 band. The possible role of the GABAergic neurotransmission as well as of the cascade of neurochemical events that melatonin triggers on sleep onset are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México
| | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gloria Benitez-King
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, CDMX, México
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Simor P, Gombos F, Blaskovich B, Bódizs R. Long-range alpha and beta and short-range gamma EEG synchronization distinguishes phasic and tonic REM periods. Sleep 2017; 41:4773864. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gombos
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Blaskovich
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
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Roslan NS, Izhar LI, Faye I, Saad MNM, Sivapalan S, Rahman MA. Review of EEG and ERP studies of extraversion personality for baseline and cognitive tasks. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Morris S, Ring A, Tan T. Visual transparent & visual occlusion: An EEG and COP study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:829-832. [PMID: 28324939 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and centre of pressure (COP) data were recorded in young adults for 60 seconds during standing in visual transparent (VT) and visual occlusion (VO) conditions. In both of these conditions, participants wore VO liquid crystal spectacles which allowed the experimenter to accurately control visual information being presented or occluded to the participant. Alpha band (8-13 Hz) revealed significant differences in channel-averaged power spectrum in these two conditions, but not theta band (4-8 Hz) and beta band (13-30 Hz). In order to determine which channels contributed to these bands, region-averaged and single-channel power spectrum were computed which revealed similar patterns for eyes-open (VT) and eyes-closed (VO) conditions in each band. COP analysis was performed to understand postural steadiness in VT and VO conditions; the analysis indicated significant and larger time-domain distance measures (mean velocity), time-domain hybrid measures (mean frequency and sway area) and frequency domain measures (centroidal frequency) in the VO condition. The increased of alpha power in most frontal and posterior regions was indicative of the cortical processing of vision.
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Buyukturkoglu K, Porcaro C, Cottone C, Cancelli A, Inglese M, Tecchio F. Simple index of functional connectivity at rest in Multiple Sclerosis fatigue. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:807-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pérez-Hernández M, Hernández-González M, Hidalgo-Aguirre R, Amezcua-Gutiérrez C, Guevara M. Listening to a baby crying induces higher electroencephalographic synchronization among prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices in adoptive mothers. Infant Behav Dev 2017; 47:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alonso JF, Romero S, Mañanas MA, Alcalá M, Antonijoan RM, Giménez S. Acute Sleep Deprivation Induces a Local Brain Transfer Information Increase in the Frontal Cortex in a Widespread Decrease Context. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E540. [PMID: 27089346 PMCID: PMC4851054 DOI: 10.3390/s16040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has adverse effects on mental and physical health, affecting the cognitive abilities and emotional states. Specifically, cognitive functions and alertness are known to decrease after SD. The aim of this work was to identify the directional information transfer after SD on scalp EEG signals using transfer entropy (TE). Using a robust methodology based on EEG recordings of 18 volunteers deprived from sleep for 36 h, TE and spectral analysis were performed to characterize EEG data acquired every 2 h. Correlation between connectivity measures and subjective somnolence was assessed. In general, TE showed medium- and long-range significant decreases originated at the occipital areas and directed towards different regions, which could be interpreted as the transfer of predictive information from parieto-occipital activity to the rest of the head. Simultaneously, short-range increases were obtained for the frontal areas, following a consistent and robust time course with significant maps after 20 h of sleep deprivation. Changes during sleep deprivation in brain network were measured effectively by TE, which showed increased local connectivity and diminished global integration. TE is an objective measure that could be used as a potential measure of sleep pressure and somnolence with the additional property of directed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan F Alonso
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Barcelona College of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08037, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Sergio Romero
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Barcelona College of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08037, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Marta Alcalá
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Barcelona College of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08037, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Antonijoan
- Drug Research Centre, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08026, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Sandra Giménez
- Drug Research Centre, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08026, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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van Diessen E, Numan T, van Dellen E, van der Kooi AW, Boersma M, Hofman D, van Lutterveld R, van Dijk BW, van Straaten ECW, Hillebrand A, Stam CJ. Opportunities and methodological challenges in EEG and MEG resting state functional brain network research. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:1468-81. [PMID: 25511636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E van Diessen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - T Numan
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E van Dellen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A W van der Kooi
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Boersma
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - D Hofman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - R van Lutterveld
- Center for Mindfulness, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B W van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E C W van Straaten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schoenberg PLA, Speckens AEM. Multi-dimensional modulations of α and γ cortical dynamics following mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in Major Depressive Disorder. Cogn Neurodyn 2015; 9:13-29. [PMID: 26052359 PMCID: PMC4454126 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-014-9308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To illuminate candidate neural working mechanisms of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of recurrent depressive disorder, parallel to the potential interplays between modulations in electro-cortical dynamics and depressive symptom severity and self-compassionate experience. Linear and nonlinear α and γ EEG oscillatory dynamics were examined concomitant to an affective Go/NoGo paradigm, pre-to-post MBCT or natural wait-list, in 51 recurrent depressive patients. Specific EEG variables investigated were; (1) induced event-related (de-) synchronisation (ERD/ERS), (2) evoked power, and (3) inter-/intra-hemispheric coherence. Secondary clinical measures included depressive severity and experiences of self-compassion. MBCT significantly downregulated α and γ power, reflecting increased cortical excitability. Enhanced α-desynchronisation/ERD was observed for negative material opposed to attenuated α-ERD towards positively valenced stimuli, suggesting activation of neural networks usually hypoactive in depression, related to positive emotion regulation. MBCT-related increase in left-intra-hemispheric α-coherence of the fronto-parietal circuit aligned with these synchronisation dynamics. Ameliorated depressive severity and increased self-compassionate experience pre-to-post MBCT correlated with α-ERD change. The multi-dimensional neural mechanisms of MBCT pertain to task-specific linear and non-linear neural synchronisation and connectivity network dynamics. We propose MBCT-related modulations in differing cortical oscillatory bands have discrete excitatory (enacting positive emotionality) and inhibitory (disengaging from negative material) effects, where mediation in the α and γ bands relates to the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy L. A. Schoenberg
- />Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Postbus 9010, 6500GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- />Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- />Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- />Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study, Wassenaar, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E. M. Speckens
- />Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pedemonte M, Testa M, Díaz M, Suárez-Bagnasco D. The Impact of Sound on Electroencephalographic Waves during Sleep in Patients Suffering from Tinnitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:143-51. [PMID: 26483919 PMCID: PMC4559594 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the knowledge that sensory processing continues during sleep and that a relationship exists between sleep and learning, a new strategy for treatment of idiopathic subjective tinnitus, consisted of customized sound stimulation presented during sleep, was tested. It has been previously shown that this treatment induces a sustained decrease in tinnitus intensity; however, its effect on brain activity has not yet been studied. In this work, we compared the impact of sound stimulation in tinnitus patients in the different sleep stages. Ten patients with idiopathic tinnitus were treated with sound stimulation mimicking tinnitus during sleep. Power spectra and intra- and inter-hemispheric coherence of electroencephalographic waves from frontal and temporal electrodes were measured with and without sound stimulation for each sleep stage (stages N2 with sleep spindles; N3 with slow wave sleep and REM sleep with Rapid Eye Movements). The main results found were that the largest number of changes, considering both the power spectrum and wave׳s coherence, occurred in stages N2 and N3. The delta and theta bands were the most changed, with important changes also in coherence of spindles during N2. All changes were more frequent in temporal areas. The differences between the two hemispheres do not depend, at least exclusively, on the side where the tinnitus is perceived and, hence, of the stimulated side. These results demonstrate that sound stimulation during sleep in tinnitus patients׳ influences brain activity and open an avenue for investigating the mechanism underlying tinnitus and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pedemonte
- Centro de Medicina del Sueño, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario CLAEH, Punta del Este, Uruguay
| | - Martín Testa
- Centro de Medicina del Sueño, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario CLAEH, Punta del Este, Uruguay
| | - Marcela Díaz
- Centro de Medicina del Sueño, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario CLAEH, Punta del Este, Uruguay
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Amihai I, Kozhevnikov M. Arousal vs. relaxation: a comparison of the neurophysiological and cognitive correlates of Vajrayana and Theravada meditative practices. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102990. [PMID: 25051268 PMCID: PMC4106862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on evidence of parasympathetic activation, early studies defined meditation as a relaxation response. Later research attempted to categorize meditation as either involving focused or distributed attentional systems. Neither of these hypotheses received strong empirical support, and most of the studies investigated Theravada style meditative practices. In this study, we compared neurophysiological (EEG, EKG) and cognitive correlates of meditative practices that are thought to utilize either focused or distributed attention, from both Theravada and Vajrayana traditions. The results of Study 1 show that both focused (Shamatha) and distributed (Vipassana) attention meditations of the Theravada tradition produced enhanced parasympathetic activation indicative of a relaxation response. In contrast, both focused (Deity) and distributed (Rig-pa) meditations of the Vajrayana tradition produced sympathetic activation, indicative of arousal. Additionally, the results of Study 2 demonstrated an immediate dramatic increase in performance on cognitive tasks following only Vajrayana styles of meditation, indicating enhanced phasic alertness due to arousal. Furthermore, our EEG results showed qualitatively different patterns of activation between Theravada and Vajrayana meditations, albeit highly similar activity between meditations within the same tradition. In conclusion, consistent with Tibetan scriptures that described Shamatha and Vipassana techniques as those that calm and relax the mind, and Vajrayana techniques as those that require 'an awake quality' of the mind, we show that Theravada and Vajrayana meditations are based on different neurophysiological mechanisms, which give rise to either a relaxation or arousal response. Hence, it may be more appropriate to categorize meditations in terms of relaxation vs. arousal, whereas classification methods that rely on the focused vs. distributed attention dichotomy may need to be reexamined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Amihai
- National University of Singapore, Psychology Department, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria Kozhevnikov
- National University of Singapore, Psychology Department, Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Lee YY, Hsieh S. Classifying different emotional states by means of EEG-based functional connectivity patterns. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95415. [PMID: 24743695 PMCID: PMC3990628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to classify different emotional states by means of EEG-based functional connectivity patterns. Forty young participants viewed film clips that evoked the following emotional states: neutral, positive, or negative. Three connectivity indices, including correlation, coherence, and phase synchronization, were used to estimate brain functional connectivity in EEG signals. Following each film clip, participants were asked to report on their subjective affect. The results indicated that the EEG-based functional connectivity change was significantly different among emotional states. Furthermore, the connectivity pattern was detected by pattern classification analysis using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. The results indicated that the classification rate was better than chance. We conclude that estimating EEG-based functional connectivity provides a useful tool for studying the relationship between brain activity and emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yun Lee
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With growing scientific evidence, yoga is emerging as an important health behavior-lifestyle modifying module to achieve holistic health at physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual levels. Brain wave coherence (BWC) recordings from the surface of the skull are associated with different cognitive processes and plays both critical and useful roles in yoga with wide range of functional significance. The psycho-physiological changes that characterize the efficacy of yoga for better mental performance in university students have not been studied adequately. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to assess the mental performance through BWC analysis in university students undergoing Integrated Yoga Module (IYM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The IYM subjects (n=30) with 25.77±4.85 years of mean age participated in this single group pre-post study. The BWC data was collected before (pre) and after (post) the 21 days IYM using Brain Master (Model: 2E Part # 390-001), Michigan, USA. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Means, standard deviations, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for analyzing data with the help of SPSS-16. RESULTS A complete statistical and spectral analysis showed 43.24% increase (P<0.001) in Delta, 9.13% increase (P=0.289) in Theta, 57.85% increase (P<0.001) in Alpha, 17.65% decrease (P=0.136) in Beta and 9.19% increase (P=0.586) in Gamma BWC between pre and post intervention measurements. CONCLUSION BWC study showed significant increase in both Delta and Alpha wave coherence suggesting that IYM can result in improvement of coherent and integrated brain functioning among students, thus paving the way for their better mental performance. Although this preliminary research is promising, more well-designed studies are needed before a strong recommendation can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikhe Sham Ganpat
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University (Prashanti Kutiram), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hongasandra Ramarao Nagendra
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University (Prashanti Kutiram), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V Selvi
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University (Prashanti Kutiram), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jalili M. Spike phase synchronization in delayed-coupled neural networks: uniform vs. non-uniform transmission delay. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2013; 23:013146. [PMID: 23556983 DOI: 10.1063/1.4794436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated phase synchronization in delayed dynamical networks. Non-identical spiking Hindmarsh-Rose neurons were considered as individual dynamical systems and coupled through a number of network structures such as scale-free, Erdős-Rényi, and modular. The individual neurons were coupled through excitatory chemical synapses with uniform or distributed time delays. The profile of spike phase synchrony was different when the delay was uniform across the edges as compared to the case when it was distributed, i.e., different delays for the edges. When an identical transmission delay was considered, a quasi-periodic pattern was observed in the spike phase synchrony. There were specific values of delay where the phase synchronization reached to its peaks. The behavior of the phase synchronization in the networks with non-uniform delays was different with the former case, where the phase synchrony decreased as distributed delays introduced to the networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jalili
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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33
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Hindriks R, van Putten MJAM. Thalamo-cortical mechanisms underlying changes in amplitude and frequency of human alpha oscillations. Neuroimage 2012; 70:150-63. [PMID: 23266701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of studies have been devoted to establishing correlations between changes in amplitude and frequency of EEG alpha oscillations and cognitive processes, it is currently unclear through which physiological mechanisms such changes are brought about. In this study we use a biophysical model of EEG generation to gain a fundamental understanding of the functional changes within the thalamo-cortical system that might underly such alpha responses. The main result of this study is that, although the physiology of the thalamo-cortical system is characterized by a large number of parameters, alpha responses effectively depend on only three variables. Physiologically, these variables determine the resonance properties of feedforward, cortico-thalamo-cortical, and intra-cortical circuits. By examining the effect of modulations of these resonances on the amplitude and frequency of EEG alpha oscillations, it is established that the model can reproduce the variety of experimentally observed alpha responses, as well as the experimental finding that changes in alpha amplitude are typically an order of magnitude larger than changes in alpha frequency. The modeling results are also in line with the fact that alpha responses often correlate linearly with indices characterizing cognitive processes. By investigating the effect of synaptic and intrinsic neuronal parameters, we find that alpha responses reflect changes in cortical activation, which is consistent with the hypothesis that alpha activity serves to selectively inhibit cortical regions during cognitive processing demands. As an example of how these analyses can be applied to specific experimental protocols, we reproduce benzodiazepine-induced alpha responses and clarify the putative underlying thalamo-cortical mechanisms. The findings reported in this study provide a fundamental physiological framework within which alpha responses observed in specific experimental protocols can be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikkert Hindriks
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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34
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Pointwise transinformation distinguishes a recurrent increase of synchronization in the rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalogram. J Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 29:76-83. [PMID: 22353990 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0b013e3182468583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) coupling patterns is essential for understanding how interrelations between cortical sites change with the wake-sleep cycle. Waking and sleep EEGs of 12 normal sleepers were analyzed by pointwise transinformation (PTI). Stage-dependent differences of PTI were assessed, and a spectral analysis of synchronized events was performed. A pattern of recurrent EEG synchronization was distinguished in all rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. The mean coupling of EEG leads differed regionally, with high coupling levels of frontal and occipital derivations and lower midtemporal and central coupling levels. Mean coupling levels were comparable in stages R, W, and N1 but were lower than in N2 and N3. An REM-specific pattern of low EEG synchronization was identified for F7-F8 and T3-T4, with lowest coupling levels during tonic REM sleep. Also, maximal intervals of uncoupled EEG were longer during tonic REM sleep. Because of these results, a new descriptive entity is proposed: the recurrent increase of synchronization in the EEG (RISE). This seems to reflect the dynamic aspects of spatiotemporal EEG synchronization on small time scales. A possibly specific low coupling pattern of the temporal leads may distinguish REM sleep from other states with a "desynchronized" EEG and, to some extent, tonic from phasic REM sleep.
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35
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Koenis MMG, Romeijn N, Piantoni G, Verweij I, Van der Werf YD, Van Someren EJW, Stam CJ. Does sleep restore the topology of functional brain networks? Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 34:487-500. [PMID: 22076871 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that healthy anatomical as well as functional brain networks have small-world properties and become less optimal with brain disease. During sleep, the functional brain network becomes more small-world-like. Here we test the hypothesis that the functional brain network during wakefulness becomes less optimal after sleep deprivation (SD). Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded five times a day after a night of SD and after a night of normal sleep in eight young healthy subjects, both during eyes-closed and eyes-open resting state. Overall synchronization was determined with the synchronization likelihood (SL) and the phase lag index (PLI). From these coupling strength matrices the normalized clustering coefficient C (a measurement of local clustering) and path length L (a measurement of global integration) were computed. Both measures were normalized by dividing them by their corresponding C-s and L-s values of random control networks. SD reduced alpha band C/C-s and L/L-s and theta band C/C-s during eyes-closed resting state. In contrast, SD increased gamma-band C/C-s and L/L-s during eyes-open resting state. Functional relevance of these changes in network properties was suggested by their association with sleep deprivation-induced performance deficits on a sustained attention simple reaction time task. The findings indicate that SD results in a more random network of alpha-coupling and a more ordered network of gamma-coupling. The present study shows that SD induces frequency-specific changes in the functional network topology of the brain, supporting the idea that sleep plays a role in the maintenance of an optimal functional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M G Koenis
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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McKinney SM, Dang-Vu TT, Buxton OM, Solet JM, Ellenbogen JM. Covert waking brain activity reveals instantaneous sleep depth. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17351. [PMID: 21408616 PMCID: PMC3048302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of the wake-sleep continuum remain incompletely understood, limiting the development of adaptive drug delivery systems for promoting sleep maintenance. The most useful measure for resolving early positions along this continuum is the alpha oscillation, an 8–13 Hz electroencephalographic rhythm prominent over posterior scalp locations. The brain activation signature of wakefulness, alpha expression discloses immediate levels of alertness and dissipates in concert with fading awareness as sleep begins. This brain activity pattern, however, is largely ignored once sleep begins. Here we show that the intensity of spectral power in the alpha band actually continues to disclose instantaneous responsiveness to noise—a measure of sleep depth—throughout a night of sleep. By systematically challenging sleep with realistic and varied acoustic disruption, we found that sleepers exhibited markedly greater sensitivity to sounds during moments of elevated alpha expression. This result demonstrates that alpha power is not a binary marker of the transition between sleep and wakefulness, but carries rich information about immediate sleep stability. Further, it shows that an empirical and ecologically relevant form of sleep depth is revealed in real-time by EEG spectral content in the alpha band, a measure that affords prediction on the order of minutes. This signal, which transcends the boundaries of classical sleep stages, could potentially be used for real-time feedback to novel, adaptive drug delivery systems for inducing sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. McKinney
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Orfeu M. Buxton
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jo M. Solet
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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White matter architecture rather than cortical surface area correlates with the EEG alpha rhythm. Neuroimage 2010; 49:2328-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Decker MJ, Tabassum H, Lin JMS, Reeves WC. Electroencephalographic correlates of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Behav Brain Funct 2009; 5:43. [PMID: 19807920 PMCID: PMC2765956 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-5-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unremitting fatigue and unrefreshing sleep, hallmark traits of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), are also pathognomonic of sleep disorders. Yet, no reproducible perturbations of sleep architecture, multiple sleep latency times or Epworth Sleepiness Scores are found to be associated consistently with CFS. This led us to hypothesize that sleep homeostasis, rather than sleep architecture, may be perturbed in CFS. To probe this hypothesis, we measured and compared EEG frequencies associated with restorative sleep between persons with CFS and matched controls, both derived from a population-based sample. METHODS We evaluated overnight polysomnography (PSG) in 35 CFS and 40 control subjects. PSG records were manually scored and epochs containing artifact removed. Fast Fourier Transformation was utilized to deconstruct individual EEG signals into primary frequency bands of alpha, delta, theta, sigma, and beta frequency domains. The spectral power of each frequency domain for each sleep state was compared between persons with CFS and matched controls. RESULTS In persons with CFS, delta power was diminished during slow wave sleep, but elevated during both stage 1 and REM. Alpha power was reduced during stage 2, slow wave, and REM sleep. Those with CFS also had significantly lower theta, sigma, and beta spectral power during stage 2, Slow Wave Sleep, and REM. DISCUSSION Employing quantitative EEG analysis we demonstrate reduced spectral power of cortical delta activity during SWS. We also establish reduced spectral power of cortical alpha activity, with the greatest reduction occurring during REM sleep. Reductions in theta, beta, and sigma spectral power were also apparent. CONCLUSION Unremitting fatigue and unrefreshing sleep, the waking manifestations of CFS, may be the consequence of impaired sleep homeostasis rather than a primary sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Decker
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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39
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Qin Z, Jin Y, Lin S, Hermanowicz NS. A Forty-Five Year Follow-Up EEG Study of Qigong Practice. Int J Neurosci 2009; 119:538-52. [DOI: 10.1080/00207450802325520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. EEG inter/intra-hemispheric coherence and asymmetric responses to visual stimulations. Med Biol Eng Comput 2009; 47:1023-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-009-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Yao Y, Lian Z, Liu W, Jiang C, Liu Y, Lu H. Heart rate variation and electroencephalograph--the potential physiological factors for thermal comfort study. INDOOR AIR 2009; 19:93-101. [PMID: 19348034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human thermal comfort researches mainly focus on the relation between the environmental factors (e.g. ambient temperature, air humidity, and air velocity, etc.) and the thermal comfort sensation based on a large amount of subjective field investigations. Although some physiological factors, such as skin temperature and metabolism were used in many thermal comfort models,they are not enough to establish a perfect thermal comfort model. In this paper,another two physiological factors, i.e. heart rate variation (HRV) and electroencephalograph (EEG), are explored for the thermal comfort study. Experiments were performed to investigate how these physiological factors respond to the environmental temperatures, and what is the relationship between HRV and EEG and thermal comfort. The experimental results indicate that HRV and EEG may be related to thermal comfort, and they may be useful to understand the mechanism of thermal comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yao
- Institute of Refrigeration & Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongchuan Road No.800, Shanghai, China.
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42
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Šušmáková K, Krakovská A. Discrimination ability of individual measures used in sleep stages classification. Artif Intell Med 2008; 44:261-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. Inter and Intra-Hemispheric EEG Coherence Responses to Visual Stimulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:2839-42. [DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Abstract
The purpose of the present paper was to survey the literature about the neurological basis of human activity and its relationship to occupation and health. Activities related to neurological function were organized into three categories: those that activate the brain's reward system; those that promote the relaxation response; and those that preserve cognitive function into old age. The results from the literature review correlating neurological evidence and activities showed that purposeful and meaningful activities could counter the effects of stress-related diseases and reduce the risk for dementia. Specifically, it was found that music, drawing, meditation, reading, arts and crafts, and home repairs, for example, can stimulate the neurogical system and enhance health and well-being, Prospective research studies are needed to examine the effects of purposeful activities on reducing stress and slowing the rate of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Gutman
- Programs in Occupational Therapy, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
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45
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Oishi N, Mima T, Ishii K, Bushara KO, Hiraoka T, Ueki Y, Fukuyama H, Hallett M. Neural correlates of regional EEG power change. Neuroimage 2007; 36:1301-12. [PMID: 17524671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the physiological significance of task-related change of the regional electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythm, we quantitatively evaluated the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and EEG power. Eight subjects underwent H2 15O positron emission tomography scans simultaneously with EEG recording during the following tasks: rest condition with eyes closed and open, self-paced movements of the right and left thumb and right ankle. EEG signals were recorded from the occipital and bilateral sensorimotor areas. Cortical activation associated with EEG rhythm generation was studied by the correlation between rCBF and EEG power. There were significant negative correlations between the sensorimotor EEG rhythm at 10-20 Hz on each side and the ipsilateral sensorimotor rCBF and between the occipital EEG rhythm at 10-20 Hz and the occipital rCBF. The occipital EEG rhythm showed a positive correlation with the bilateral medial prefrontal rCBF, while the right sensorimotor EEG rhythm showed a positive correlation with the left prefrontal rCBF. In conclusion, decrease in the regional EEG rhythm at 10-20 Hz might represent the neuronal activation of the cortex underlying the electrodes, at least for the visual and sensorimotor areas. The neural network including the prefrontal cortex could play an important role to generate the EEG rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oishi
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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46
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Knyazev GG. Motivation, emotion, and their inhibitory control mirrored in brain oscillations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 31:377-95. [PMID: 17145079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest brain oscillations as a mechanism for cerebral integration. Such integration can exist across a number of functional domains, with different frequency rhythms associated with each domain. Here, evidence is summarized which shows that delta oscillations depend on activity of motivational systems and participate in salience detection. Theta oscillations are involved in memory and emotional regulation. Alpha oscillations participate in inhibitory processes which contribute to a variety of cognitive operations such as attention and memory. The importance of inhibitory functions associated with alpha oscillations increases during the course of evolution. In ontogenesis, these functions develop later and may be more sensitive to a variety of detrimental environmental influences. In a number of developmental stages and pathological conditions, a deficient alpha and/or increased slow-wave activity are associated with cognitive deficits and a lack of inhibitory control. It is shown that slow-wave and alpha oscillations are reciprocally related to each other. This reciprocal relationship may reflect an inhibitory control over motivational and emotional drives which is implemented by the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Knyazev
- State Research Institute of Physiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova str., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.
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47
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Abstract
Neuroelectric and imaging studies of meditation are reviewed. Electroencephalographic measures indicate an overall slowing subsequent to meditation, with theta and alpha activation related to proficiency of practice. Sensory evoked potential assessment of concentrative meditation yields amplitude and latency changes for some components and practices. Cognitive event-related potential evaluation of meditation implies that practice changes attentional allocation. Neuroimaging studies indicate increased regional cerebral blood flow measures during meditation. Taken together, meditation appears to reflect changes in anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal areas. Neurophysiological meditative state and trait effects are variable but are beginning to demonstrate consistent outcomes for research and clinical applications. Psychological and clinical effects of meditation are summarized, integrated, and discussed with respect to neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rael Cahn
- Department of Neurosciences and Medical School, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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48
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Bhattacharya J, Petsche H. Drawing on mind's canvas: differences in cortical integration patterns between artists and non-artists. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 26:1-14. [PMID: 15852480 PMCID: PMC6871726 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Our primary question was to learn whether mentally composing drawings of their own choice produce different brain electric features in artists and laymen. To this purpose, we studied multichannel electroencephalograph (EEG) signals from two broad groups (all participants were females): artists (professionally trained in visual arts) and non-artists (without any training in art). To assess the underlying synchronization, which is assumed to be the platform for general cognitive integration between different cortical regions, three measures inspired by nonlinear dynamical system theory were applied as follows: (1) index based on generalized synchronization; (2) index based on mean phase coherence; and (3) index of phase synchrony based on entropy. Results consistent over all three measures were as follows: comparing the tasks to rest, the artists showed significantly stronger short- and long-range delta band synchronization, whereas the non-artists showed enhancement in short-range beta and gamma band synchronization primarily in frontal regions; comparing the two groups during the tasks, the artists showed significantly stronger delta band synchronization and alpha band desynchronization than did the non-artists. Strong right hemispheric dominance in terms of synchronization was found in the artists. In artists, the higher synchrony in the low-frequency band is possibly due to the involvement of a more advanced long-term visual art memory and to extensive top-down processing. The results demonstrate that in artists, patterns of functional cooperation between cortical regions during mental creation of drawings were significantly different from those in non-artists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Bhattacharya
- Commission for Scientific Visualization, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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49
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Teplan M, Krakovská A, Stolc S. EEG responses to long-term audio-visual stimulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 59:81-90. [PMID: 15936103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, linear and nonlinear electroencephalogram (EEG) changes due to long-term audio-visual stimulation (AVS) were investigated. In the course of 2 months, 25 repetitions of a 20-min AVS program with stimulation frequencies in the range 2-18 Hz were applied to six healthy volunteers. EEG data were recorded from six head locations during relaxed wakefulness prior to AVS. Then linear spectral measures (total power, frequency band powers, spectral edge frequency, and spectral entropy), nonlinear measures of complexity (histogram-based entropy and correlation dimension), interdependency measures (linear correlation coefficient, mutual information, and coherence), and measures of subjective assessment were estimated. Evolution of these measures during the whole experiment period was analyzed with respect to the significance of their linear regression. Our results confirm that repetitive training with audio-visual stimulation does induce changes in the electro-cortical activity of the brain. Long-term AVS significantly increased power in theta-1, theta-2, and alpha-1 bands in the frontal and central cortex locations. Total power increased in the right central region. Interhemispheric coherence in alpha-1 band displayed a significant increase between frontal parts in contrast to the decrease of both linear correlation and mutual information. Correlation dimension significantly decreased in some locations while entropy displayed an ascending trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teplan
- Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 842 19, Slovak Republic.
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50
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Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Lasting effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on the electroencephalogram, event related potentials, and locomotor activity in the rat. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2002; 138:15-25. [PMID: 12234654 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking initiated during adolescence is often associated with rapid onset of dependence and difficulty in maintaining abstinence. Animal models have demonstrated that adolescent nicotine exposure causes cell death and altered neurochemistry in the cortex and hippocampus; however, little is known about the neurophysiological consequences of adolescent nicotine exposure in the adult. The primary objective of this study was to assess the consequences of adolescent nicotine exposure on the adult electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered nicotine (5.0 mg/kg per day) for 5 days between postnatal days 35 and 40 using transdermal nicotine patches. Following 6-7 weeks of nicotine withdrawal, EEG activity and event related potentials were assessed. Motor activity and sucrose preference were also examined during the nicotine withdrawal period. Additionally, a set of rats was exposed to multiple doses of nicotine for a single day to assess nicotine and cotinine blood levels. Transdermal nicotine produced nicotine (88+/-21.5 ng/ml) and cotinine (647.6+/-123.2 ng/ml) levels comparable to those previously reported. Reduced motor activity, decreased 1-4 Hz power in the cortical electroencephalogram, and increased cortical N1 amplitude were observed in nicotine-exposed rats compared to controls. These data demonstrate that transdermal nicotine patches provide an effective and non-invasive nicotine delivery system for the adolescent rat. The combined neurophysiological and locomotor activity changes observed in nicotine-exposed rats demonstrate that adolescent nicotine exposure has lasting neurobehavioral consequences. These changes may be indicative of a lasting 'nicotine abstinence syndrome' characterized by increased arousal, anxiety, or emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Slawecki
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN-14, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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