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Ertl N, Freeman TP, Mokrysz C, Ofori S, Borissova A, Petrilli K, Curran HV, Lawn W, Wall MB. Acute effects of different types of cannabis on young adult and adolescent resting-state brain networks. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1640-1651. [PMID: 38806583 PMCID: PMC11319659 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of rapid neurodevelopment and the endocannabinoid system is particularly prone to change during this time. Cannabis is a commonly used drug with a particularly high prevalence of use among adolescents. The two predominant phytocannabinoids are Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which affect the endocannabinoid system. It is unknown whether this period of rapid development makes adolescents more or less vulnerable to the effects of cannabis on brain-network connectivity, and whether CBD may attenuate the effects of THC. Using fMRI, we explored the impact of vaporized cannabis (placebo, THC: 8 mg/75 kg, THC + CBD: 8 mg/75 kg THC & 24 mg/75 kg CBD) on resting-state networks in groups of semi-regular cannabis users (usage frequency between 0.5 and 3 days/week), consisting of 22 adolescents (16-17 years) and 24 young adults (26-29 years) matched for cannabis use frequency. Cannabis caused reductions in within-network connectivity in the default mode (F[2,88] = 3.97, P = 0.022, η² = 0.018), executive control (F[2,88] = 18.62, P < 0.001, η² = 0.123), salience (F[2,88] = 12.12, P < 0.001, η² = 0.076), hippocampal (F[2,88] = 14.65, P < 0.001, η² = 0.087), and limbic striatal (F[2,88] = 16.19, P < 0.001, η² = 0.102) networks compared to placebo. Whole-brain analysis showed cannabis significantly disrupted functional connectivity with cortical regions and the executive control, salience, hippocampal, and limbic striatal networks compared to placebo. CBD did not counteract THC's effects and further reduced connectivity both within networks and the whole brain. While age-related differences were observed, there were no interactions between age group and cannabis treatment in any brain network. Overall, these results challenge the assumption that CBD can make cannabis safer, as CBD did not attenuate THC effects (and in some cases potentiated them); furthermore, they show that cannabis causes similar disruption to resting-state connectivity in the adolescent and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ertl
- Invicro London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - Shelan Ofori
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - Anna Borissova
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kat Petrilli
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - Will Lawn
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Invicro London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
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Yang X, Song Y, Zou Y, Li Y, Zeng J. Neural correlates of prediction error in patients with schizophrenia: evidence from an fMRI meta-analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad471. [PMID: 38061699 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal processes of learning from prediction errors, i.e. the discrepancies between expectations and outcomes, are thought to underlie motivational impairments in schizophrenia. Although dopaminergic abnormalities in the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit have been found in patients with schizophrenia, the pathway through which prediction error signals are processed in schizophrenia has yet to be elucidated. To determine the neural correlates of prediction error processing in schizophrenia, we conducted a meta-analysis of whole-brain neuroimaging studies that investigated prediction error signal processing in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. A total of 14 studies (324 schizophrenia patients and 348 healthy controls) using the reinforcement learning paradigm were included. Our meta-analysis showed that, relative to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed increased activity in the precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and reduced activity in the mesolimbic circuit, including the striatum, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum, when processing prediction errors. We also found hyperactivity in frontal areas and hypoactivity in mesolimbic areas when encoding prediction error signals in schizophrenia patients, potentially indicating abnormal dopamine signaling of reward prediction error and suggesting failure to represent the value of alternative responses during prediction error learning and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Song
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Zou
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Psychology and Neuroscience Department, University of St Andrews, Forbes 1 DRA, Buchanan Garden, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
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Citro S, Lazzaro GD, Cimmino AT, Giuffrè GM, Marra C, Calabresi P. A multiple hits hypothesis for memory dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 38052985 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive disorders are increasingly recognized in Parkinson disease (PD), even in early disease stages, and memory is one of the most affected cognitive domains. Classically, hippocampal cholinergic system dysfunction was associated with memory disorders, whereas nigrostriatal dopaminergic system impairment was considered responsible for executive deficits. Evidence from PD studies now supports involvement of the amygdala, which modulates emotional attribution to experiences. Here, we propose a tripartite model including the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala as key structures for cognitive disorders in PD. First, the anatomo-functional relationships of these structures are explored and experimental evidence supporting their role in cognitive dysfunction in PD is summarized. We then discuss the potential role of α-synuclein, a pathological hallmark of PD, in the tripartite memory system as a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of memory disorders in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Citro
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Tiziano Cimmino
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Giuffrè
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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López-Ornelas A, Escobedo-Avila I, Ramírez-García G, Lara-Rodarte R, Meléndez-Ramírez C, Urrieta-Chávez B, Barrios-García T, Cáceres-Chávez VA, Flores-Ponce X, Carmona F, Reynoso CA, Aguilar C, Kerik NE, Rocha L, Verdugo-Díaz L, Treviño V, Bargas J, Ramos-Mejía V, Fernández-Ruiz J, Campos-Romo A, Velasco I. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Immature Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Transplanted in Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cells 2023; 12:2738. [PMID: 38067166 PMCID: PMC10706241 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into specialized cells, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs), and Non-human primates (NHPs) injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine develop some alterations observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we obtained well-characterized DANs from hESCs and transplanted them into two parkinsonian monkeys to assess their behavioral and imaging changes. DANs from hESCs expressed dopaminergic markers, generated action potentials, and released dopamine (DA) in vitro. These neurons were transplanted bilaterally into the putamen of parkinsonian NHPs, and using magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we calculated the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), both employed for the first time for these purposes, to detect in vivo axonal and cellular density changes in the brain. Likewise, positron-emission tomography scans were performed to evaluate grafted DANs. Histological analyses identified grafted DANs, which were quantified stereologically. After grafting, animals showed signs of partially improved motor behavior in some of the HALLWAY motor tasks. Improvement in motor evaluations was inversely correlated with increases in bilateral FA. MD did not correlate with behavior but presented a negative correlation with FA. We also found higher 11C-DTBZ binding in positron-emission tomography scans associated with grafts. Higher DA levels measured by microdialysis after stimulation with a high-potassium solution or amphetamine were present in grafted animals after ten months, which has not been previously reported. Postmortem analysis of NHP brains showed that transplanted DANs survived in the putamen long-term, without developing tumors, in immunosuppressed animals. Although these results need to be confirmed with larger groups of NHPs, our molecular, behavioral, biochemical, and imaging findings support the integration and survival of human DANs in this pre-clinical PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Ornelas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Avila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Ramírez-García
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Rolando Lara-Rodarte
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - César Meléndez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Beetsi Urrieta-Chávez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (T.B.-G.); (V.T.)
| | - Verónica A. Cáceres-Chávez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Xóchitl Flores-Ponce
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Francia Carmona
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Reynoso
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Nora E. Kerik
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Leticia Verdugo-Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (T.B.-G.); (V.T.)
| | - José Bargas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Verónica Ramos-Mejía
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells, and Development Group, GENYO-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
| | - Aurelio Campos-Romo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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Ertl N, Lawn W, Mokrysz C, Freeman TP, Alnagger N, Borissova A, Fernandez-Vinson N, Lees R, Ofori S, Petrilli K, Trinci K, Viding E, Curran HV, Wall MB. Associations between regular cannabis use and brain resting-state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:904-919. [PMID: 37515469 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231189441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cannabis use is highly prevalent in adolescents; however, little is known about its effects on adolescent brain function. METHOD Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used in matched groups of regular cannabis users (N = 70, 35 adolescents: 16-17 years old, 35 adults: 26-29 years old) and non-regular-using controls (N = 70, 35 adolescents/35 adults). Pre-registered analyses examined the connectivity of seven major cortical and sub-cortical brain networks (default mode network, executive control network (ECN), salience network, hippocampal network and three striatal networks) using seed-based analysis methods with cross-sectional comparisons between user groups and age groups. RESULTS The regular cannabis use group (across both age groups), relative to controls, showed localised increases in connectivity only in the ECN analysis. All networks showed localised connectivity differences based on age group, with the adolescents generally showing weaker connectivity than adults, consistent with the developmental effects. Mean connectivity across entire network regions of interest (ROIs) was also significantly decreased in the ECN in adolescents. However, there were no significant interactions found between age group and user group in any of the seed-based or ROI analyses. There were also no associations found between cannabis use frequency and any of the derived connectivity measures. CONCLUSION Regular cannabis use is associated with changes in connectivity of the ECN, which may reflect allostatic or compensatory changes in response to regular cannabis intoxication. However, these associations were not significantly different in adolescents compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ertl
- Invicro London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Will Lawn
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Naji Alnagger
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Borissova
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Lees
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Shelan Ofori
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kat Petrilli
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Katie Trinci
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology Research Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Invicro London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
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Grace AA, Uliana DL. Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs Derived from Animal Models: Standard of Care versus Novel Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12374. [PMID: 37569748 PMCID: PMC10418544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic intervention for schizophrenia relies on blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the associative striatum; however, there is little evidence for baseline overdrive of the dopamine system. Instead, the dopamine system is in a hyper-responsive state due to excessive drive by the hippocampus. This causes more dopamine neurons to be in a spontaneously active, hyper-responsive state. Antipsychotic drugs alleviate this by causing depolarization block, or excessive depolarization-induced dopamine neuron inactivation. Indeed, both first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs cause depolarization block in the ventral tegmentum to relieve positive symptoms, whereas first-generation drugs also cause depolarization in the nigrostriatal dopamine system to lead to extrapyramidal side effects. However, by blocking dopamine receptors, these drugs are activating multiple synapses downstream from the proposed site of pathology: the loss of inhibitory influence over the hippocampus. An overactive hippocampus not only drives the dopamine-dependent positive symptoms, but via its projections to the amygdala and the neocortex can also drive negative and cognitive symptoms, respectively. On this basis, a novel class of drugs that can reverse schizophrenia at the site of pathology, i.e., the hippocampal overdrive, could be effective in alleviating all three classes of symptoms of schizophrenia while also being better tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
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7
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Fraser KM, Pribut HJ, Janak PH, Keiflin R. From Prediction to Action: Dissociable Roles of Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons in Instrumental Reinforcement. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3895-3908. [PMID: 37185097 PMCID: PMC10217998 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0028-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward seeking requires the coordination of motor programs to achieve goals. Midbrain dopamine neurons are critical for reinforcement, and their activation is sufficient for learning about cues, actions, and outcomes. Here we examine in detail the mechanisms underlying the ability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNc) dopamine neurons to support instrumental learning. By exploiting numerous behavioral tasks in combination with time-limited optogenetic manipulations in male and female rats, we reveal that VTA and SNc dopamine neurons generate reinforcement through separable psychological processes. VTA dopamine neurons imbue actions and their associated cues with motivational value that allows flexible and persistent pursuit, whereas SNc dopamine neurons support time-limited, precise, action-specific learning that is nonscalable and inflexible. This architecture is reminiscent of actor-critic reinforcement learning models with VTA and SNc instructing the critic and actor, respectively. Our findings indicate that heterogeneous dopamine systems support unique forms of instrumental learning that ultimately result in disparate reward-seeking strategies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dopamine neurons in the midbrain are essential for learning, motivation, and movement. Here we describe in detail the ability of VTA and SNc dopamine neurons to generate instrumental reinforcement, a process where an agent learns about actions they can emit to earn reward. While rats will avidly work and learn to respond for activation of VTA and SNc dopamine neurons, we find that only VTA dopamine neurons imbue actions and their associated cues with motivational value that spur continued pursuit of reward. Our data support a hypothesis that VTA and SNc dopamine neurons engage distinct psychological processes that have consequences for our understanding of these neurons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt M Fraser
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Heather J Pribut
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Patricia H Janak
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Ronald Keiflin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
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8
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Yagishita S. Cellular bases for reward-related dopamine actions. Neurosci Res 2023; 188:1-9. [PMID: 36496085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine neurons exhibit transient increases and decreases in their firing rate upon reward and punishment for learning. This bidirectional modulation of dopamine dynamics occurs on the order of hundreds of milliseconds, and it is sensitively detected to reinforce the preceding sensorimotor events. These observations indicate that the mechanisms of dopamine detection at the projection sites are of remarkable precision, both in time and concentration. A major target of dopamine projection is the striatum, including the ventral region of the nucleus accumbens, which mainly comprises dopamine D1 and D2 receptor (D1R and D2R)-expressing spiny projection neurons. Although the involvement of D1R and D2R in dopamine-dependent learning has been suggested, the exact cellular bases for detecting transient dopamine signaling remain unclear. This review discusses recent cellular studies on the novel synaptic mechanisms for detecting dopamine transient signals associated with learning. Analyses of behavior based on these mechanisms have further revealed new behavioral aspects that are closely associated with these synaptic mechanisms. Thus, it is gradually possible to mechanistically explain behavioral learning via synaptic and cellular bases in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yagishita
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Rahimi O, Cao J, Lam J, Childers SR, Rais R, Porrino LJ, Newman AH, Nader MA. The Effects of the Dopamine Transporter Ligands JJC8-088 and JJC8-091 on Cocaine versus Food Choice in Rhesus Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:372-381. [PMID: 36507847 PMCID: PMC9976790 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for cocaine use disorder, several modafinil analogs have demonstrated promise in reducing cocaine self-administration and reinstatement in rats. Furthermore, the range of dopamine transporter (DAT) compounds provides an opportunity to develop pharmacotherapeutics without abuse liability. This study extended the comparison of JJC8-088 and JJC8-091, the former compound having higher DAT affinity and predicted abuse liability, to rhesus monkeys using a concurrent cocaine versus food schedule of reinforcement. First, binding to striatal DAT was examined in cocaine-naïve monkey tissue. Next, intravenous pharmacokinetics of both JJC compounds were evaluated in cocaine-experienced male monkeys (n = 3/drug). In behavioral studies, acute and chronic administration of both compounds were evaluated in these same monkeys responding under a concurrent food versus cocaine (0 and 0.003-0.1 mg/kg per injection) schedule of reinforcement. In nonhuman primate striatum, JJC8-088 had higher DAT affinity compared with JJC8-091 (14.4 ± 9 versus 2730 ± 1270 nM, respectively). Both JJC compounds had favorable plasma pharmacokinetics for behavioral assessments, with half-lives of 1.1 hours and 3.5 hours for JJC8-088 (0.7 mg/kg, i.v.) and JJC8-091 (1.9 mg/kg, i.v.), respectively. Acute treatment with both compounds shifted the cocaine dose-response curve to the left. Chronic treatment with JJC8-088 decreased cocaine choice in two of the three monkeys, whereas JJC8-091 only modestly reduced cocaine allocation in one monkey. Differences in affinities of JJC8-091 DAT binding in monkeys compared with rats may account for the poor rodent-to-monkey translation. Future studies should evaluate atypical DAT blockers in combination with behavioral interventions that may further decrease cocaine choice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a significant public health problem with no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments. The ability of drugs that act in the brain in a similar manner to cocaine, but with lower abuse liability, has clinical implications for a treatment of CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Rahimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Jenny Lam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Steven R Childers
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Linda J Porrino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
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10
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Porrino LJ, Smith HR, Beveridge TJ, Miller MD, Nader SH, Nader MA. Prolonged Exposure to Cocaine Self-Administration Results in a Continued Progression of Alterations in Functional Activity in a Nonhuman Primate Model. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 7:100148. [PMID: 37033159 PMCID: PMC10074498 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies of nonhuman primates with exposures of up to 100 days of cocaine self-administration (SA) have provided evidence that the central effects of cocaine progress over time. These durations of cocaine exposure, however, may be insufficient to capture the extent of the neurobiological alterations observed in cocaine users, many of whom use the drug for years. The goal of the present study was to determine whether 1.5 years of cocaine SA would result in further progression of alterations in functional brain activity. Methods Adult male rhesus monkeys were exposed to 300 sessions of high-dose cocaine SA over 1.5 years. Following the final session rates of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were assessed with the 2-[14C]-deoxyglucose method and compared to rates of LCGU in control monkeys who responded for food reinforcement. In addition, LCGU in these animals was compared to a previously published group of monkeys that had self-administered cocaine or food for 100 sessions over a 4-5 month period. Results Compared to 100 days of exposure, 300 days of cocaine SA further reduced LCGU in the post-commissural striatum and produced reductions in areas unaffected by the shorter duration of exposure, such as the hypothalamus, all of the amygdala, and large expanses of cortex. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a clear progression of the impact of cocaine on functional activity with increasing durations of drug experience and have important implications for the development of potential strategies for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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11
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Sabaroedin K, Tiego J, Fornito A. Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding Corticostriatothalamic Dysfunction Across the Psychosis Continuum. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:113-124. [PMID: 36253195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms, but the mechanisms driving dopaminergic dysfunction in psychosis remain unclear. Considerable attention has focused on the role of corticostriatothalamic (CST) circuits, given that they regulate and are modulated by the activity of dopaminergic cells in the midbrain. Preclinical studies have proposed multiple models of CST dysfunction in psychosis, each prioritizing different brain regions and pathophysiological mechanisms. A particular challenge is that CST circuits have undergone considerable evolutionary modification across mammals, complicating comparisons across species. Here, we consider preclinical models of CST dysfunction in psychosis and evaluate the degree to which they are supported by evidence from human resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies conducted across the psychosis continuum, ranging from subclinical schizotypy to established schizophrenia. In partial support of some preclinical models, human studies indicate that dorsal CST and hippocampal-striatal functional dysconnectivity are apparent across the psychosis spectrum and may represent a vulnerability marker for psychosis. In contrast, midbrain dysfunction may emerge when symptoms warrant clinical assistance and may thus be a trigger for illness onset. The major difference between clinical and preclinical findings is the strong involvement of the dorsal CST in the former, consistent with an increasing prominence of this circuitry in the primate brain. We close by underscoring the need for high-resolution characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity in psychosis to develop a refined understanding of how the dysfunction of specific circuit elements gives rise to distinct symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Departments of Radiology and Paediatrics, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Del Rey NLG, García-Cabezas MÁ. Cytology, architecture, development, and connections of the primate striatum: Hints for human pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105945. [PMID: 36481436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of neurons and circuits across the striatum shows stereotyped time-course and spatial topography patterns that are distinct for Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, or the Tauopathies. These patterns of neurodegeneration in humans have not yet been systematically related to developmental, connectional, cellular, and chemical factors studied in human and non-human primates, that may underlie potential differences in selective vulnerability across striatal sectors. Relating primate anatomy to human pathology could provide new venues for identifying molecular, cellular, and connectional factors linked to the degeneration of striatal neurons and circuits. This review describes and summarizes several developmental, cellular, structural, and connectional features of the primate striatum in relation to patterns of neurodegeneration in the striatum of humans and of non-human primate models. We review (1) the types of neurons in the primate striatum, (2) the cyto-, myelo-, and chemoarchitecture of the primate striatum, (3) the developmental origin of the striatum in light of modern patterning studies, (4) the organization of corticostriatal projections in relation to cortical types, and (5) the topography and time-course of neuron loss, glial reaction, and protein aggregation induced by neurodegenerative diseases in humans and in non-human primate models across striatal sectors and their corresponding cortical areas. We summarize current knowledge about key aspects of primate striatal anatomy and human pathology and indicate knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies. We aim to identify factors for selective vulnerability to neurodegeneration of striatal neurons and circuits and obtain hints that could help elucidate striatal pathology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-González Del Rey
- PhD Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal; Madrid, Spain; HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal). Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur. HM Hospitales. Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- PhD Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal; Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Alhassen W, Alhassen S, Chen J, Monfared RV, Alachkar A. Cilia in the Striatum Mediate Timing-Dependent Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:545-565. [PMID: 36322337 PMCID: PMC9849326 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Almost all brain cells contain cilia, antennae-like microtubule-based organelles. Yet, the significance of cilia, once considered vestigial organelles, in the higher-order brain functions is unknown. Cilia act as a hub that senses and transduces environmental sensory stimuli to generate an appropriate cellular response. Similarly, the striatum, a brain structure enriched in cilia, functions as a hub that receives and integrates various types of environmental information to drive appropriate motor response. To understand cilia's role in the striatum functions, we used loxP/Cre technology to ablate cilia from the dorsal striatum of male mice and monitored the behavioral consequences. Our results revealed an essential role for striatal cilia in the acquisition and brief storage of information, including learning new motor skills, but not in long-term consolidation of information or maintaining habitual/learned motor skills. A fundamental aspect of all disrupted functions was the "time perception/judgment deficit." Furthermore, the observed behavioral deficits form a cluster pertaining to clinical manifestations overlapping across psychiatric disorders that involve the striatum functions and are known to exhibit timing deficits. Thus, striatal cilia may act as a calibrator of the timing functions of the basal ganglia-cortical circuit by maintaining proper timing perception. Our findings suggest that dysfunctional cilia may contribute to the pathophysiology of neuro-psychiatric disorders, as related to deficits in timing perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, 356A Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, 356A Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, 356A Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Roudabeh Vakil Monfared
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, 356A Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, 356A Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA ,UC Irvine Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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14
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Frankle WG, Himes M, Mason NS, Mathis CA, Narendran R. Prefrontal and Striatal Dopamine Release Are Inversely Correlated in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:791-799. [PMID: 35791965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine (DA) hypothesis postulates hyperactivity of subcortical DA transmission and hypoactivity of cortical DA in schizophrenia (SCH). Positron emission tomography provides the ability to assess this hypothesis in humans. However, no studies have examined the relationship between cortical DA and striatal DA in this illness. METHODS D2/3 receptor radiotracer [11C]FLB457 BPND (binding potential relative to nondisplaceable uptake) was measured in 14 off-medication subjects with SCH and 14 healthy control (HC) subjects at baseline and after the administration of 0.5 mg/kg oral d-amphetamine. The amphetamine-induced change in BPND (ΔBPND) was calculated as the difference between BPND in the postamphetamine condition and BPND in the baseline condition and expressed as a percentage of BPND at baseline. DA release in the striatum using the radiotracer [11C]NPA was also measured in these subjects. RESULTS [11C]FLB457 ΔBPND was greater in the HC group compared with the SCH group (F1,26 = 5.7; p = .02) with significant differences in [11C]FLB457 ΔBPND seen across cortical brain regions. Only in the SCH group was a significant negative correlation observed between [11C]FLB457 ΔBPND in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and [11C]NPA ΔBPND in the dorsal caudate (r = -0.71, p = .005). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with SCH demonstrated deficits of DA release in cortical brain regions relative to HC subjects. Examining both cortical and striatal DA release in the same subjects demonstrated an inverse relationship between cortical DA release and striatal DA release in SCH not present in HC subjects, providing support for the current DA hypothesis of SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gordon Frankle
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Michael Himes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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van den Bosch R, Lambregts B, Määttä J, Hofmans L, Papadopetraki D, Westbrook A, Verkes RJ, Booij J, Cools R. Striatal dopamine dissociates methylphenidate effects on value-based versus surprise-based reversal learning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4962. [PMID: 36002446 PMCID: PMC9402573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulants such as methylphenidate are widely used for their cognitive enhancing effects, but there is large variability in the direction and extent of these effects. We tested the hypothesis that methylphenidate enhances or impairs reward/punishment-based reversal learning depending on baseline striatal dopamine levels and corticostriatal gating of reward/punishment-related representations in stimulus-specific sensory cortex. Young healthy adults (N = 100) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a reward/punishment reversal learning task, after intake of methylphenidate or the selective D2/3-receptor antagonist sulpiride. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity was indexed with [18F]DOPA positron emission tomography. Methylphenidate improved and sulpiride decreased overall accuracy and response speed. Both drugs boosted reward versus punishment learning signals to a greater degree in participants with higher dopamine synthesis capacity. By contrast, striatal and stimulus-specific sensory surprise signals were boosted in participants with lower dopamine synthesis. These results unravel the mechanisms by which methylphenidate gates both attention and reward learning. The mechanisms underpinning the variability in methylphenidate’s effects on cognition remain unclear. Here, the authors show that such effects reflect changes in striatal dopamine-related output gating of task-relevant cortical signals, and that these changes depend on baseline dopamine synthesis capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben van den Bosch
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Britt Lambregts
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lieke Hofmans
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danae Papadopetraki
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Westbrook
- Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Imaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Ambrosi P, Lerner TN. Striatonigrostriatal circuit architecture for disinhibition of dopamine signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111228. [PMID: 35977498 PMCID: PMC9425427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia operate largely in closed parallel loops, including an associative circuit for goal-directed behavior originating from the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and a somatosensory circuit important for habit formation originating from the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). An exception to this parallel circuit organization has been proposed to explain how information might be transferred between striatal subregions, for example, from the DMS to the DLS during habit formation. The "ascending spiral hypothesis" proposes that the DMS disinhibits dopamine signaling in the DLS through a tri-synaptic, open-loop striatonigrostriatal circuit. Here, we use transsynaptic and intersectional genetic tools to investigate both closed- and open-loop striatonigrostriatal circuits. We find strong evidence for closed loops, which would allow striatal subregions to regulate their own dopamine release. We also find evidence for functional synapses in open loops. However, these synapses are unable to modulate tonic dopamine neuron firing, questioning the prominence of their role in mediating crosstalk between striatal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Ambrosi
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (NUIN), Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Talia N Lerner
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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17
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de Jong JW, Fraser KM, Lammel S. Mesoaccumbal Dopamine Heterogeneity: What Do Dopamine Firing and Release Have to Do with It? Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:109-129. [PMID: 35226827 PMCID: PMC9271543 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-011929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons are often thought to uniformly encode reward prediction errors. Conversely, DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the prominent projection target of these neurons, has been implicated in reinforcement learning, motivation, aversion, and incentive salience. This contrast between heterogeneous functions of DA release versus a homogeneous role for DA neuron activity raises numerous questions regarding how VTA DA activity translates into NAc DA release. Further complicating this issue is increasing evidence that distinct VTA DA projections into defined NAc subregions mediate diverse behavioral functions. Here, we evaluate evidence for heterogeneity within the mesoaccumbal DA system and argue that frameworks of DA function must incorporate the precise topographic organization of VTA DA neurons to clarify their contribution to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W de Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Kurt M Fraser
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Stephan Lammel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
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18
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Buck J, Manion MTC, Zhang W, Glasper ER, Wang KH. Comparative anatomical analysis of dopamine systems in Mus musculus and Peromyscus californicus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2219-2227. [PMID: 35501609 PMCID: PMC11115318 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine plays important roles in motivational and social behaviors in mammals, and it has been implicated in several human neurological and psychiatric disorders. Rodents are used extensively as experimental models to study dopamine function in health and disease. However, interspecies differences of dopamine systems remain incompletely characterized. Here, we assessed whether the commonly referenced anatomical organization of dopamine systems in Mus musculus differs from another rodent species, Peromyscus californicus, which exhibits unique social behaviors such as biparental care. We applied tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence labeling and high-throughput microscopy to establish whole-brain maps of dopamine systems in P. californicus. By comparing these maps to those from M. musculus, we identified unexpected anatomical similarity and difference between these two species. A sex difference in dopamine neurons at the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, which has been implicated in regulating the maternal behaviors of the uniparental M. musculus, is similarly present in the biparental P. californicus. In contrast, major interspecies differences from M. musculus are found in the ventral midbrain and striatum of P. californicus, including the expansion of midbrain dopamine neurons into the ventral substantia nigra and the presence of an internal capsule-like white matter tract that demarcates a dorsomedial area from the rest of the striatum. These features identified in P. californicus resemble the anatomical organization of the primate brain more closely compared to those in M. musculus. Our findings suggest that P. californicus is a unique model organism for studying the evolution of dopamine systems in mammals and the disorders of dopamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Buck
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Matthew T C Manion
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Erica R Glasper
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43235, USA
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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19
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Wall MB, Freeman TP, Hindocha C, Demetriou L, Ertl N, Freeman AM, Jones AP, Lawn W, Pope R, Mokrysz C, Solomons D, Statton B, Walker HR, Yamamori Y, Yang Z, Yim JL, Nutt DJ, Howes OD, Curran HV, Bloomfield MA. Individual and combined effects of cannabidiol and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on striato-cortical connectivity in the human brain. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:732-744. [PMID: 35596578 PMCID: PMC9150138 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two major constituents of cannabis with contrasting mechanisms of action. THC is the major psychoactive, addiction-promoting, and psychotomimetic compound, while CBD may have opposite effects. The brain effects of these drugs alone and in combination are poorly understood. In particular, the striatum is implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, but it is unclear how THC and CBD influence striato-cortical connectivity. AIMS To examine effects of THC, CBD, and THC + CBD on functional connectivity of striatal sub-divisions (associative, limbic and sensorimotor). METHOD Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used across two within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, with a unified analysis approach. RESULTS Study 1 (N = 17; inhaled cannabis containing 8 mg THC, 8 mg THC + 10 mg CBD or placebo) showed strong disruptive effects of both THC and THC + CBD on connectivity in the associative and sensorimotor networks, but a specific effect of THC in the limbic striatum network which was not present in the THC + CBD condition. In Study 2 (N = 23, oral 600 mg CBD, placebo), CBD increased connectivity in the associative network, but produced only relatively minor disruptions in the limbic and sensorimotor networks. OUTCOMES THC strongly disrupts striato-cortical networks, but this effect is mitigated by co-administration of CBD in the limbic striatum network. Oral CBD administered has a more complex effect profile of relative increases and decreases in connectivity. The insula emerges as a key region affected by cannabinoid-induced changes in functional connectivity, with potential implications for understanding cannabis-related disorders, and the development of cannabinoid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Wall
- Invicro London, London, UK.,Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.,Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Chandni Hindocha
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lysia Demetriou
- Invicro London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Ertl
- Invicro London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail M Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Will Lawn
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Pope
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ben Statton
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Hannah R Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yumeya Yamamori
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zixu Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jocelyn Ll Yim
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Tang F, Liu H, Zhang XJ, Zheng HH, Dai YM, Zheng LY, Yang WH, Du YY, Liu J. Evidence for Dopamine Abnormalities Following Acute Methamphetamine Exposure Assessed by Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:865825. [PMID: 35707702 PMCID: PMC9190254 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.865825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) is a newly developed MRI technique that provides a non-invasive way to indirectly measure of dopamine (DA) function. This study aimed to determine NM concentrations in brain regions following acute methamphetamine (MA) administration using NM-MRI and to explore whether NM-MRI can be used as a biomarker of DA function in non-neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsBaseline NM-MRI, T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were acquired from 27 rats before drug/placebo injection. The control group (n = 11) received acute placebo (Normal saline), while the experimental group (n = 16) received acute MA. NM-MRI scans were performed 5, 30, 60 and 90 min after injection. Regions of interest (ROIs), including the caudate putamen (CP), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus (HIP), substantia nigra (SN) and crus cerebri (CC), were manually drawn by an experienced radiologist. NM-MRI signal intensity in five brain regions at different time points (baseline and 5, 30, 60, and 90 min) were analyzed.ResultsIn both the control and experimental groups, at each time point (baseline and 5, 30, 60, and 90 min), the SN exhibited significantly higher NM-MRI signal intensity than the other brain regions (P < 0.05). In addition, acute MA administration resulted in a continuous upward trend in NM-MRI signal intensity in each brain region over time. However, there was no such trend over time in the control group. The NM-MRI signal intensity of SN in the experimental group was significantly higher at the 60 and 90 min compared with that in the control group (P values were 0.042 and 0.042 respectively). Within experimental group, the NM-MRI signal intensity of SN was significantly higher at the 60 and 90 min compared with that before MA administration (P values were 0.023 and 0.011 respectively). Increased amplitudes and rates of NM-MRI signal intensity were higher in the SN than in other brain regions after MA administration.ConclusionOur results indicated that NM was mainly deposited in the SN, and the conversion of DA to NM was most significant in the SN after acute MA exposure. Increased DA release induced by acute MA exposure may lead to increased accumulation of NM in multiple brain regions that can be revealed by NM-MRI. NM-MRI may serve as a powerful imaging tool that could have diverse research and clinical applications for detecting pathological changes in drug addiction and related non-neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Hui Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Ming Dai
- MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yun Zheng
- MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Han Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yao Du
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu,
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21
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Elgayar SAM, Hussein OA, Mubarak HA, Ismaiel AM, Gomaa AMS. Testing efficacy of the nicotine protection of the substantia nigra pars compacta in a rat Parkinson disease model. Ultrastructure study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:37-53. [PMID: 35001795 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.2015499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) with subsequent motor manifestations. This study aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of nicotine, in rotenone-induced PD rat model. Thirty adult male Albino Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I received an injection of normal saline. Group II received subcutaneous injection of rotenone at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every other day. Group III received rotenone in the same previous dose and nicotine at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg daily. After 11 days of treatment, body weight (BW) and rat motor behavior were estimated. Specimens from the midbrain were processed for light and electron microscopy. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), α-synuclein, and GFAP was examined. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and striatal levels of dopamine (DA) were analyzed. Group III revealed a significant improvement in BW and motor activity. Nicotine upregulated the expression of TH, downregulated the expression of α-synuclein and GFAP. The levels of MDA and TAC were improved but were still far from those of the control. Striatal DA levels increased. Nicotine activated the neurons and glial cells. The vascular endothelium, however, did not elicit improvement. Although nicotine ameliorated the loss of the dopaminergic neurons and motor deficit, it did not show improvement of vascular endothelium. It is still necessary to examine nicotin's ability to maintain the dopaminergic neurons in a good functioning state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Asmaa M S Gomaa
- Depts, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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22
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Ueno F, Iwata Y, Nakajima S, Caravaggio F, Rubio JM, Horga G, Cassidy CM, Torres-Carmona E, de Luca V, Tsugawa S, Honda S, Moriguchi S, Noda Y, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A. Neuromelanin accumulation in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:1205-1213. [PMID: 34718049 PMCID: PMC9059704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although schizophrenia is associated with increased presynaptic dopamine function in the striatum, it remains unclear if neuromelanin levels, which are thought to serve as a biomarker for midbrain dopamine neuron function, are increased in patients with schizophrenia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postmortem studies comparing neuromelanin (NM) levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs). Standard mean differences were calculated to assess group differences in NM accumulation levels between patients with schizophrenia and HCs. This study included 7 articles in total. Five studies employed NM-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) and two were postmortem brain studies. The patient group (n = 163) showed higher NM levels in the substantia nigra (SN) than HCs (n = 228) in both the analysis of the seven studies and the subgroup analysis of the 5 NM-MRI studies. This analysis suggest increased NM levels in the SN may be a potential biomarker for stratifying schizophrenia, warranting further research that accounts for the heterogeneity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose M Rubio
- Barbara and Donald Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, USA; Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Translational Imaging, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clifford M Cassidy
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research Affiliated with the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Hong SI, Kang S, Baker M, Choi DS. Astrocyte-neuron interaction in the dorsal striatum-pallidal circuits and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108759. [PMID: 34433087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the striatum, two main types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), denoted striatonigral (or direct-pathway MSNs, dMSNs) and striatopallidal neurons (indirect-pathway MSNs, iMSNs), form circuits with distinct pallidal nuclei, which sends "GO" or "NO-GO" signals through the thalamus. These striatopallidal circuits evaluate and execute reward-seeking and taking behaviors. Especially, the dorsal striatum can be further divided into the dorsomedial striatum (DMS, equivalent to caudate in primates and humans) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS, equivalent to putamen), which orchestrates goal-directed and habitual reward-seeking and taking behaviors, respectively. Using optogenetics, chemogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging technologies combined with electrophysiology and digitalized behavior phenotyping, recent studies have revealed cell-, circuit- and context-specific functions of these microcircuits in addictive behaviors. Also, region-specific astrocytes regulate the homeostatic activities of the dMSNs and iMSNs as well as the downstream circuits, which determine the net balance of cortico-striato-pallidal activities to the thalamic neurons. This review will summarize the recent progress of striatopallidal circuits focusing on astrocyte-neuron interaction and, reward- and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Our review will also discuss the translational and clinical implications of these microcircuit studies. This article is part of the special Issue on "Neurocircuitry Modulating Drug and Alcohol Abuse".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ik Hong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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24
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Abi-Dargham A, Javitch JA, Slifstein M, Anticevic A, Calkins ME, Cho YT, Fonteneau C, Gil R, Girgis R, Gur RE, Gur RC, Grinband J, Kantrowitz J, Kohler C, Krystal J, Murray J, Ranganathan M, Santamauro N, Van Snellenberg J, Tamayo Z, Wolf D, Gray D, Lieberman J. Dopamine D1R Receptor Stimulation as a Mechanistic Pro-cognitive Target for Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:199-210. [PMID: 34423843 PMCID: PMC8781338 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have highlighted the importance of optimal stimulation of cortical dopaminergic receptors, particularly the D1R receptor (D1R), for prefrontal-mediated cognition. This mechanism is particularly relevant to the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, given the abnormalities in cortical dopamine (DA) neurotransmission and in the expression of D1R. Despite the critical need for D1R-based therapeutics, many factors have complicated their development and prevented this important therapeutic target from being adequately interrogated. Challenges include determination of the optimal level of D1R stimulation needed to improve cognitive performance, especially when D1R expression levels, affinity states, DA levels, and the resulting D1R occupancy by DA, are not clearly known in schizophrenia, and may display great interindividual and intraindividual variability related to cognitive states and other physiological variables. These directly affect the selection of the level of stimulation necessary to correct the underlying neurobiology. The optimal mechanism for stimulation is also unknown and could include partial or full agonism, biased agonism, or positive allosteric modulation. Furthermore, the development of D1R targeting drugs has been complicated by complexities in extrapolating from in vitro affinity determinations to in vivo use. Prior D1R-targeted drugs have been unsuccessful due to poor bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and insufficient target engagement at tolerable doses. Newer drugs have recently become available, and these must be tested in the context of carefully designed paradigms that address methodological challenges. In this paper, we discuss how a better understanding of these challenges has shaped our proposed experimental design for testing a new D1R/D5R partial agonist, PF-06412562, renamed CVL-562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychaitric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Cerevel Therapeutics Research and Development, Boston, MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel: +(631) 885-0814; e-mail:
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychaitric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clara Fonteneau
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roberto Gil
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ragy Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychaitric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychaitric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychaitric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Jared Van Snellenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zailyn Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - David Gray
- Cerevel Therapeutics Research and Development, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychaitric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Jhang CL, Lee HY, Chen JC, Liao W. Dopaminergic loss of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 recapitulates methylphenidate-remediable hyperlocomotion in mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2408-2419. [PMID: 32588892 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), a serine-threonine kinase encoded by an X-linked gene, is highly expressed in the mammalian forebrain. Mutations in this gene cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder, a neurodevelopmental encephalopathy characterized by early-onset seizures, motor dysfunction, and intellectual disability. We previously found that mice lacking CDKL5 exhibit hyperlocomotion and increased impulsivity, resembling the core symptoms in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we report the potential neural mechanisms and treatment for hyperlocomotion induced by CDKL5 deficiency. Our results showed that loss of CDKL5 decreases the proportion of phosphorylated dopamine transporter (DAT) in the rostral striatum, leading to increased levels of extracellular dopamine and hyperlocomotion. Administration of methylphenidate (MPH), a DAT inhibitor clinically effective to improve symptoms in ADHD, significantly alleviated the hyperlocomotion phenotype in Cdkl5 null mice. In addition, the improved behavioral effects of MPH were accompanied by a region-specific restoration of phosphorylated dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr 32 kDa, a key signaling protein for striatal motor output. Finally, mice carrying a Cdkl5 deletion selectively in DAT-expressing dopaminergic neurons, but not dopamine receptive neurons, recapitulated the hyperlocomotion phenotype found in Cdkl5 null mice. Our findings suggest that CDKL5 is essential to control locomotor behavior by regulating region-specific dopamine content and phosphorylation of dopamine signaling proteins in the striatum. The direct, as well as indirect, target proteins regulated by CDKL5 may play a key role in movement control and the therapeutic development for hyperactivity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian-Ling Jhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hom-Yi Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wenlin Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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26
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Shimomura K, Kato A, Morita K. Rigid reduced successor representation as a potential mechanism for addiction. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3768-3790. [PMID: 33840120 PMCID: PMC8252639 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty in cessation of drinking, smoking, or gambling has been widely recognized. Conventional theories proposed relative dominance of habitual over goal-directed control, but human studies have not convincingly supported them. Referring to the recently suggested "successor representation (SR)" of states that enables partially goal-directed control, we propose a dopamine-related mechanism that makes resistance to habitual reward-obtaining particularly difficult. We considered that long-standing behavior towards a certain reward without resisting temptation can (but not always) lead to a formation of rigid dimension-reduced SR based on the goal state, which cannot be updated. Then, in our model assuming such rigid reduced SR, whereas no reward prediction error (RPE) is generated at the goal while no resistance is made, a sustained large positive RPE is generated upon goal reaching once the person starts resisting temptation. Such sustained RPE is somewhat similar to the hypothesized sustained fictitious RPE caused by drug-induced dopamine. In contrast, if rigid reduced SR is not formed and states are represented individually as in simple reinforcement learning models, no sustained RPE is generated at the goal. Formation of rigid reduced SR also attenuates the resistance-dependent decrease in the value of the cue for behavior, makes subsequent introduction of punishment after the goal ineffective, and potentially enhances the propensity of nonresistance through the influence of RPEs via the spiral striatum-midbrain circuit. These results suggest that formation of rigid reduced SR makes cessation of habitual reward-obtaining particularly difficult and can thus be a mechanism for addiction, common to substance and nonsubstance reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Shimomura
- Physical and Health EducationGraduate School of EducationThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Behavioral MedicineNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Ayaka Kato
- Department of Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory for Circuit Mechanisms of Sensory PerceptionRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Research Fellowship for Young ScientistsJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Morita
- Physical and Health EducationGraduate School of EducationThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN)The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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27
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Corticostriatal Regulation of Language Functions. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:472-494. [PMID: 33982264 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of corticostriatal circuits in language functions is unclear. In this review, we consider evidence from language learning, syntax, and controlled language production and comprehension tasks that implicate various corticostriatal circuits. Converging evidence from neuroimaging in healthy individuals, studies in populations with subcortical dysfunction, pharmacological studies, and brain stimulation suggests a domain-general regulatory role of corticostriatal systems in language operations. The role of corticostriatal systems in language operations identified in this review is likely to reflect a broader function of the striatum in responding to uncertainty and conflict which demands selection, sequencing, and cognitive control. We argue that this role is dynamic and varies depending on the degree and form of cognitive control required, which in turn will recruit particular corticostriatal circuits and components organised in a cognitive hierarchy.
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28
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D’Ambrosio E, Jauhar S, Kim S, Veronese M, Rogdaki M, Pepper F, Bonoldi I, Kotoula V, Kempton MJ, Turkheimer F, Kwon JS, Kim E, Howes OD. The relationship between grey matter volume and striatal dopamine function in psychosis: a multimodal 18F-DOPA PET and voxel-based morphometry study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1332-1345. [PMID: 31690805 PMCID: PMC7610423 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A leading hypothesis for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders proposes that cortical brain disruption leads to subcortical dopaminergic dysfunction, which underlies psychosis in the majority of patients who respond to treatment. Although supported by preclinical findings that prefrontal cortical lesions lead to striatal dopamine dysregulation, the relationship between prefrontal structural volume and striatal dopamine function has not been tested in people with psychosis. We therefore investigated the in vivo relationship between striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and prefrontal grey matter volume in treatment-responsive patients with psychosis, and compared them to treatment non-responsive patients, where dopaminergic mechanisms are not thought to be central. Forty patients with psychosis across two independent cohorts underwent 18F-DOPA PET scans to measure dopamine synthesis capacity (indexed as the influx rate constant Kicer) and structural 3T MRI. The PET, but not MR, data have been reported previously. Structural images were processed using DARTEL-VBM. GLM analyses were performed in SPM12 to test the relationship between prefrontal grey matter volume and striatal Kicer. Treatment responders showed a negative correlation between prefrontal grey matter and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, but this was not evident in treatment non-responders. Specifically, we found an interaction between treatment response, whole striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and grey matter volume in left (pFWE corr. = 0.017) and right (pFWE corr. = 0.042) prefrontal cortex. We replicated the finding in right prefrontal cortex in the independent sample (pFWE corr. = 0.031). The summary effect size was 0.82. Our findings are consistent with the long-standing hypothesis of dysregulation of the striatal dopaminergic system being related to prefrontal cortex pathology in schizophrenia, but critically also extend the hypothesis to indicate it can be applied to treatment-responsive schizophrenia only. This suggests that different mechanisms underlie the pathophysiology of treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico D’Ambrosio
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK,Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK,Early Intervention Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, London
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK,Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Fiona Pepper
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Vasileia Kotoula
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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29
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Mitchell AS, Hartig R, Basso MA, Jarrett W, Kastner S, Poirier C. International primate neuroscience research regulation, public engagement and transparency opportunities. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117700. [PMID: 33418072 PMCID: PMC7994292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific excellence is a necessity for progress in biomedical research. As research becomes ever more international, establishing international collaborations will be key to advancing our scientific knowledge. Understanding the similarities in standards applied by different nations to animal research, and where the differences might lie, is crucial. Cultural differences and societal values will also contribute to these similarities and differences between countries and continents. Our overview is not comprehensive for all species, but rather focuses on non-human primate (NHP) research, involving New World marmosets and Old World macaques, conducted in countries where NHPs are involved in neuroimaging research. Here, an overview of the ethics and regulations is provided to help assess welfare standards amongst primate research institutions. A comparative examination of these standards was conducted to provide a basis for establishing a common set of standards for animal welfare. These criteria may serve to develop international guidelines, which can be managed by an International Animal Welfare and Use Committee (IAWUC). Internationally, scientists have a moral responsibility to ensure excellent care and welfare of their animals, which in turn, influences the quality of their research. When working with animal models, maintaining a high quality of care ("culture of care") and welfare is essential. The transparent promotion of this level of care and welfare, along with the results of the research and its impact, may reduce public concerns associated with animal experiments in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Renée Hartig
- Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michele A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA Los Angeles 90095, CA United States
| | - Wendy Jarrett
- Understanding Animal Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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30
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Noritake A, Ninomiya T, Isoda M. Subcortical encoding of agent-relevant associative signals for adaptive social behavior in the macaque. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:78-87. [PMID: 33609569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primates are group-living creatures that constantly face the challenges posed by complex social demands. To date, the cortical mechanisms underlying social information processing have been the major focus of attention. However, emerging evidence suggests that subcortical regions also mediate the collection and processing of information from other agents. Here, we review the literature supporting the hypothesis that behavioral variables important for decision-making, i.e., stimulus, action, and outcome, are associated with agent information (self and other) in subcortical regions, such as the amygdala, striatum, lateral hypothalamus, and dopaminergic midbrain nuclei. Such self-relevant and other-relevant associative signals are then integrated into a social utility signal, presumably at the level of midbrain dopamine neurons. This social utility signal allows decision makers to organize their optimal behavior in accordance with social demands. Determining how self-relevant and other-relevant signals might be altered in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders will be fundamental to better understand how social behaviors are dysregulated in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Noritake
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Taihei Ninomiya
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Masaki Isoda
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.
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31
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Avram M, Brandl F, Knolle F, Cabello J, Leucht C, Scherr M, Mustafa M, Koutsouleris N, Leucht S, Ziegler S, Sorg C. Aberrant striatal dopamine links topographically with cortico-thalamic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Brain 2020; 143:3495-3505. [PMID: 33155047 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant dopamine function in the dorsal striatum and aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) between distinct cortical networks and thalamic nuclei are among the most consistent large-scale brain imaging findings in schizophrenia. A pathophysiological link between these two alterations is suggested by theoretical models based on striatal dopamine's topographic modulation of cortico-thalamic connectivity within cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic circuits. We hypothesized that aberrant striatal dopamine links topographically with aberrant cortico-thalamic iFC, i.e. aberrant associative striatum dopamine is associated with aberrant iFC between the salience network and thalamus, and aberrant sensorimotor striatum dopamine with aberrant iFC between the auditory-sensorimotor network and thalamus. Nineteen patients with schizophrenia during remission of psychotic symptoms and 19 age- and sex-comparable control subjects underwent simultaneous fluorodihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine PET (18F-DOPA-PET) and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The influx constant kicer based on 18F-DOPA-PET was used to measure striatal dopamine synthesis capacity; correlation coefficients between rs-fMRI time series of cortical networks and thalamic regions of interest were used to measure iFC. In the salience network-centred system, patients had reduced associative striatum dopamine synthesis capacity, which correlated positively with decreased salience network-mediodorsal-thalamus iFC. This correlation was present in both patients and healthy controls. In the auditory-sensorimotor network-centred system, patients had reduced sensorimotor striatum dopamine synthesis capacity, which correlated positively with increased auditory-sensorimotor network-ventrolateral-thalamus iFC. This correlation was present in patients only. Results demonstrate that reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity links topographically with cortico-thalamic intrinsic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Data suggest that aberrant striatal dopamine and cortico-thalamic dysconnectivity are pathophysiologically related within dopamine-modulated cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Felix Brandl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Franziska Knolle
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jorge Cabello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Claudia Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Martin Scherr
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Mona Mustafa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Psychosis studies, King's College London, UK
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
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32
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Arasaratnam CJ, Singh-Bains MK, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM. Neuroimaging and neuropathology studies of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105186. [PMID: 33227492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP) is a recessive, genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder endemic to Panay Island in the Philippines. Clinical symptoms include the initial appearance of dystonia, followed by parkinsonian traits after 10-15 years. The basal ganglia, particularly the striatum, is an area of focus in XDP neuropathology research, as the striatum shows marked atrophy that correlates with disease progression. Thus, XDP shares features of Parkinson's disease symptomatology, in addition to the genetic predisposition and presence of striatal atrophy resembling Huntington's disease. However, further research is required to reveal the detailed pathology and indicators of disease in the XDP brain. First, there are limited neuropathological studies that have investigated neuronal changes and neuroinflammation in the XDP brain. However, multiple neuroimaging studies on XDP patients provide clues to other affected brain regions. Furthermore, molecular pathological studies have elucidated that the main genetic cause of XDP is in the TAF-1 gene, but how this mutation relates to XDP neuropathology still remains to be fully investigated. Hence, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the current literature describing neuropathological changes within the XDP brain, and discuss future research avenues, which will provide a better understanding of XDP neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Arasaratnam
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Malvindar K Singh-Bains
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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33
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Mollick JA, Hazy TE, Krueger KA, Nair A, Mackie P, Herd SA, O'Reilly RC. A systems-neuroscience model of phasic dopamine. Psychol Rev 2020; 127:972-1021. [PMID: 32525345 PMCID: PMC8453660 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a neurobiologically informed computational model of phasic dopamine signaling to account for a wide range of findings, including many considered inconsistent with the simple reward prediction error (RPE) formalism. The central feature of this PVLV framework is a distinction between a primary value (PV) system for anticipating primary rewards (Unconditioned Stimuli [USs]), and a learned value (LV) system for learning about stimuli associated with such rewards (CSs). The LV system represents the amygdala, which drives phasic bursting in midbrain dopamine areas, while the PV system represents the ventral striatum, which drives shunting inhibition of dopamine for expected USs (via direct inhibitory projections) and phasic pausing for expected USs (via the lateral habenula). Our model accounts for data supporting the separability of these systems, including individual differences in CS-based (sign-tracking) versus US-based learning (goal-tracking). Both systems use competing opponent-processing pathways representing evidence for and against specific USs, which can explain data dissociating the processes involved in acquisition versus extinction conditioning. Further, opponent processing proved critical in accounting for the full range of conditioned inhibition phenomena, and the closely related paradigm of second-order conditioning. Finally, we show how additional separable pathways representing aversive USs, largely mirroring those for appetitive USs, also have important differences from the positive valence case, allowing the model to account for several important phenomena in aversive conditioning. Overall, accounting for all of these phenomena strongly constrains the model, thus providing a well-validated framework for understanding phasic dopamine signaling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Mollick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Thomas E Hazy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Kai A Krueger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Ananta Nair
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Prescott Mackie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Seth A Herd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Randall C O'Reilly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
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34
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Braun K, Bock J, Wainstock T, Matas E, Gaisler-Salomon I, Fegert J, Ziegenhain U, Segal M. Experience-induced transgenerational (re-)programming of neuronal structure and functions: Impact of stress prior and during pregnancy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 117:281-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Xiong M, Tao Y, Gao Q, Feng B, Yan W, Zhou Y, Kotsonis TA, Yuan T, You Z, Wu Z, Xi J, Haberman A, Graham J, Block J, Zhou W, Chen Y, Zhang SC. Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Repair Circuits and Restore Neural Function. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:112-126.e6. [PMID: 32966778 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although cell transplantation can rescue motor defects in Parkinson's disease (PD) models, whether and how grafts functionally repair damaged neural circuitry in the adult brain is not known. We transplanted hESC-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) or cortical glutamate neurons into the substantia nigra or striatum of a mouse PD model and found extensive graft integration with host circuitry. Axonal pathfinding toward the dorsal striatum was determined by the identity of the grafted neurons, and anatomical presynaptic inputs were largely dependent on graft location, whereas inhibitory versus excitatory input was dictated by the identity of grafted neurons. hESC-derived mDA neurons display A9 characteristics and restore functionality of the reconstructed nigrostriatal circuit to mediate improvements in motor function. These results indicate similarity in cell-type-specific pre- and post-synaptic integration between transplant-reconstructed circuit and endogenous neural networks, highlighting the capacity of hPSC-derived neuron subtypes for specific circuit repair and functional restoration in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yezheng Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Thomas A Kotsonis
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tingli Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiwen You
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Julia Graham
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jasper Block
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Kerstens VS, Varrone A. Dopamine transporter imaging in neurodegenerative movement disorders: PET vs. SPECT. Clin Transl Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The dopamine transporter (DAT) serves as biomarker for parkinsonian syndromes. DAT can be measured in vivo with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). DAT-SPECT is the current clinical molecular imaging standard. However, PET has advantages over SPECT measurements, and PET radioligands with the necessary properties for clinical applications are on the rise. Therefore, it is time to review the role of DAT imaging with SPECT compared to PET.
Methods
PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature of the previous 10 years. Four topics for comparison were used: diagnostic accuracy, quantitative accuracy, logistics, and flexibility.
Results
There are a few studies directly comparing DAT-PET and DAT-SPECT. PET and SPECT both perform well in discriminating neurodegenerative from non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Clinical DAT-PET imaging seems feasible only recently, thanks to simplified DAT assessments and better availability of PET radioligands and systems. The higher resolution of PET makes more comprehensive assessments of disease progression in the basal ganglia possible. Additionally, it has the possibility of multimodal target assessment.
Conclusion
DAT-SPECT is established for differentiating degenerative from non-degenerative parkinsonism. For further differentiation within neurodegenerative Parkinsonian syndromes, DAT-PET has essential benefits. Nowadays, because of wider availability of PET systems and radioligand production centers, and the possibility to use simplified quantification methods, DAT-PET imaging is feasible for clinical use. Therefore, DAT-PET needs to be considered for a more active role in the clinic to take a step forward to a more comprehensive understanding and assessment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Enomoto K, Matsumoto N, Inokawa H, Kimura M, Yamada H. Topographic distinction in long-term value signals between presumed dopamine neurons and presumed striatal projection neurons in behaving monkeys. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8912. [PMID: 32488042 PMCID: PMC7265398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) projections are anatomically organized along the dorsolateral-ventromedial axis, conveying long-term value signals to the striatum for shaping actions toward multiple future rewards. The present study examines whether the topographic organization of long-term value signals are observed upon activity of presumed DA neurons and presumed striatal projection neurons (phasically active neurons, PANs), as predicted based on anatomical literature. Our results indicate that DA neurons in the dorsolateral midbrain encode long-term value signals on a short timescale, while ventromedial midbrain DA neurons encode such signals on a relatively longer timescale. Activity of the PANs in the dorsal striatum is more heterogeneous for encoding long-term values, although significant differences in long-term value signals were observed between the caudate nucleus and putamen. These findings suggest that topographic DA signals for long-term values are not simply transferred to striatal neurons, possibly due to the contribution of other projections to the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Enomoto
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Division of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. .,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenno-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenno-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenno-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Jenkins PO, Roussakis AA, De Simoni S, Bourke N, Fleminger J, Cole J, Piccini P, Sharp D. Distinct dopaminergic abnormalities in traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:631-637. [PMID: 32381639 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder (RBD) are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic abnormalities are often seen after TBI, but patients usually lack parkinsonian features. We test whether TBI, PD and RBD have distinct striatal dopamine abnormalities using dopamine transporter (DaT) imaging. METHODS 123I-ioflupane single-photon emission CT scans were used in a cross-sectional study to measure DaT levels in moderate/severe TBI, healthy controls, patients with early PD and RBD. Caudate and putamen DaT, putamen to caudate ratios and left-right symmetry of DaT were compared. RESULTS 108 participants (43 TBI, 26 PD, 8 RBD, 31 controls) were assessed. Patients with early PD scored significantly higher on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscale than other groups. Patients with TBI and PD had reduced DaT levels in the caudate (12.2% and 18.7%, respectively) and putamen (9.0% and 42.6%, respectively) compared with controls. Patients with RBD had reduced DaT levels in the putamen (12.8%) but not in the caudate compared with controls. Patients with PD and TBI showed distinct patterns of DaT reduction, with patients with PD showing a lower putamen to caudate ratio. DaT asymmetry was greater in the PD group than other groups. CONCLUSIONS The results show that patients with early PD and TBI have distinct patterns of striatal dopamine abnormalities. Patients with early PD and moderate/severe TBI showed similar reductions in caudate DaT binding, but patients with PD showed a greater reduction in putamen DaT and a lower putamen to caudate ratio. The results suggest that parkinsonian motor signs are absent in these patients with TBI because of relatively intact putaminal dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Owen Jenkins
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas-Antonios Roussakis
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara De Simoni
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Bourke
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Fleminger
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Cole
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Piccini
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Sharp
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom .,UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Emmi A, Antonini A, Macchi V, Porzionato A, De Caro R. Anatomy and Connectivity of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Humans and Non-human Primates. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32390807 PMCID: PMC7189217 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is an oval-shaped diencephalic structure located ventrally to the thalamus, playing a fundamental role in the circuitry of the basal ganglia. In addition to being involved in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease, the STh is one of the target nuclei for deep brain stimulation. However, most of the anatomical evidence available derives from non-human primate studies. In this review, we will present the topographical and morphological organization of the nucleus and its connections to structurally and functionally related regions of the basal ganglia circuitry. We will also highlight the importance of additional research in humans focused on validating STh connectivity, cytoarchitectural organization, and its functional subdivision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Emmi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Avram M, Brandl F, Cabello J, Leucht C, Scherr M, Mustafa M, Leucht S, Ziegler S, Sorg C. Reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in patients with schizophrenia during remission of positive symptoms. Brain 2020; 142:1813-1826. [PMID: 31135051 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is consistent evidence for increased presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum of patients with schizophrenia during psychosis, it is unclear whether this also holds for patients during psychotic remission. This study investigates whether striatal dopamine synthesis capacity is altered in patients with schizophrenia during symptomatic remission of positive symptoms, and whether potential alterations relate to symptoms other than positive, such as cognitive difficulties. Twenty-three patients with schizophrenia in symptomatic remission of positive symptoms according to Andreasen, and 24 healthy controls underwent 18F-DOPA-PET and behavioural-cognitive assessment. Imaging data were analysed with voxel-wise Patlak modelling with cerebellum as reference region, resulting in the influx constant kicer reflecting dopamine synthesis capacity. For the whole striatum and its subdivisions (i.e. limbic, associative, and sensorimotor), averaged regional kicer values were calculated, compared across groups, and correlated with behavioural-cognitive scores, including a mediation analysis. Patients had negative symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-negative 14.13 ± 5.91) and cognitive difficulties, i.e. they performed worse than controls in Trail-Making-Test-B (TMT-B; P = 0.01). Furthermore, kicer was reduced in patients for whole striatum (P = 0.004) and associative (P = 0.002) and sensorimotor subdivisions (P = 0.007). In patients, whole striatum kicer was negatively correlated with TMT-B (rho = -0.42, P = 0.04; i.e. the lower striatal kicer, the worse the cognitive performance). Mediation analysis showed that striatal kicer mediated the group difference in TMT-B. Results demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia in symptomatic remission of positive symptoms have decreased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, which mediates the disorder's impact on cognitive difficulties. Data suggest that striatal dopamine dysfunction contributes to cognitive difficulties in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Brandl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge Cabello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Scherr
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mona Mustafa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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41
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Adler AF, Björklund A, Parmar M. Transsynaptic tracing and its emerging use to assess graft-reconstructed neural circuits. Stem Cells 2020; 38:716-726. [PMID: 32101353 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal neural progenitor grafts have been evaluated in preclinical animal models of spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease for decades, but the initial reliance on primary tissue as a cell source limited the scale of their clinical translatability. With the development of robust methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to specific neural subtypes, cell replacement therapy holds renewed promise to treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and injuries at scale. As these cell sources are evaluated in preclinical models, new transsynaptic tracing methods are making it possible to study the connectivity between host and graft neurons with greater speed and detail than was previously possible. To date, these studies have revealed that widespread, long-lasting, and anatomically appropriate synaptic contacts are established between host and graft neurons, as well as new aspects of host-graft connectivity which may be relevant to clinical cell replacement therapy. It is not yet clear, however, whether the synaptic connectivity between graft and host neurons is as cell-type specific as it is in the endogenous nervous system, or whether that connectivity is responsible for the functional efficacy of cell replacement therapy. Here, we review evidence suggesting that the new contacts established between host and graft neurons may indeed be cell-type specific, and how transsynaptic tracing can be used in the future to further elucidate the mechanisms of graft-mediated functional recovery in spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Adler
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Björklund
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. Strategies for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Dopamine. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:4. [PMID: 32076403 PMCID: PMC7006457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra alongside the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein-positive inclusions. Therapies to date have been directed to the restoration of the dopaminergic system, and the prevention of dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the midbrain. This review discusses the physiological mechanisms involved in PD as well as new and prospective therapies for the disease. The current data suggest that prevention or early treatment of PD may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. New advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD predict the development of more personalized and integral therapies in the years to come. Thus, the development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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43
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Kim S, Jung WH, Howes OD, Veronese M, Turkheimer FE, Lee YS, Lee JS, Kim E, Kwon JS. Frontostriatal functional connectivity and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in schizophrenia in terms of antipsychotic responsiveness: an [ 18F]DOPA PET and fMRI study. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2533-2542. [PMID: 30460891 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that only a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia responds to first-line antipsychotic drugs, a key clinical question is what underlies treatment response. Observations that prefrontal activity correlates with striatal dopaminergic function, have led to the hypothesis that disrupted frontostriatal functional connectivity (FC) could be associated with altered dopaminergic function. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between frontostriatal FC and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in patients with schizophrenia who had responded to first-line antipsychotic drug compared with those who had failed but responded to clozapine. METHODS Twenty-four symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia were recruited from Seoul National University Hospital, 12 of which responded to first-line antipsychotic drugs (first-line AP group) and 12 under clozapine (clozapine group), along with 12 matched healthy controls. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and [18F]DOPA PET scans. RESULTS No significant difference was found in the total PANSS score between the patient groups. Voxel-based analysis showed a significant correlation between frontal FC to the associative striatum and the influx rate constant of [18F]DOPA in the corresponding region in the first-line AP group. Region-of-interest analysis confirmed the result (control group: R2 = 0.019, p = 0.665; first-line AP group: R2 = 0.675, p < 0.001; clozapine group: R2 = 0.324, p = 0.054) and the correlation coefficients were significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and frontostriatal FC is different between responders to first-line treatment and clozapine treatment in schizophrenia, indicating that a different pathophysiology could underlie schizophrenia in patients who respond to first-line treatments relative to those who do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hoon Jung
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Federico E Turkheimer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lavisse S, Williams S, Lecourtois S, van Camp N, Guillermier M, Gipchtein P, Jan C, Goutal S, Eymin L, Valette J, Delzescaux T, Perrier AL, Hantraye P, Aron Badin R. Longitudinal characterization of cognitive and motor deficits in an excitotoxic lesion model of striatal dysfunction in non-human primates. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104484. [PMID: 31132407 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As research progresses in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD) and expands towards preclinical work for the development of new therapies, highly relevant animal models are increasingly needed to test new hypotheses and to validate new therapeutic approaches. In this light, we characterized an excitotoxic lesion model of striatal dysfunction in non-human primates (NHPs) using cognitive and motor behaviour assessment as well as functional imaging and post-mortem anatomical analyses. NHPs received intra-striatal stereotaxic injections of quinolinic acid bilaterally in the caudate nucleus and unilaterally in the left sensorimotor putamen. Post-operative MRI scans showed atrophy of the caudate nucleus and a large ventricular enlargement in all 6 NHPs that correlated with post-mortem measurements. Behavioral analysis showed deficits in 2 analogues of the Wisconsin card sorting test (perseverative behavior) and in an executive task, while no deficits were observed in a visual recognition or an episodic memory task at 6 months following surgery. Spontaneous locomotor activity was decreased after lesion and the incidence of apomorphine-induced dyskinesias was significantly increased at 3 and 6 months following lesion. Positron emission tomography scans obtained at end-point showed a major deficit in glucose metabolism and D2 receptor density limited to the lesioned striatum of all NHPs compared to controls. Post-mortem analyses revealed a significant loss of medium-sized spiny neurons in the striatum, a loss of neurons and fibers in the globus pallidus, a unilateral decrease in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and a loss of neurons in the motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, we show that this robust NHP model presents specific behavioral (learning, execution and retention of cognitive tests) and metabolic functional deficits that, to the best of our knowledge, are currently not mimicked in any available large animal model of striatal dysfunction. Moreover, we used non-invasive, translational techniques like behavior and imaging to quantify such deficits and found that they correlate to a significant cell loss in the striatum and its main input and output structures. This model can thus significantly contribute to the pre-clinical longitudinal evaluation of the ability of new therapeutic cell, gene or pharmacotherapy approaches in restoring the functionality of the striatal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lavisse
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Susannah Williams
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sophie Lecourtois
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Nadja van Camp
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Martine Guillermier
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Caroline Jan
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Leopold Eymin
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Julien Valette
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Anselme L Perrier
- Inserm U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, cedex, France; UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Pak K, Kim H, Seok JW, Lee MJ, Shin S, Kim K, Lee JM, Seo Y, Kim BS, Jun S, Kim IJ. Prediction of future weight change with dopamine transporter in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:723-729. [PMID: 31102003 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating body weight is a commonly reported nonmotor feature in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesised that striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density at the time of diagnosis might play an important role in weight regulation in patients with PD. DAT density was measured from 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. Region-of-interest analyses were performed to measure the specific binding of 123I-FP-CIT to DAT, and the putamen-to-caudate nucleus ratio (PCR) was calculated. Body weight was measured at baseline (W0) and at 48 months (W48). We classified subjects into three groups: weight loss, stable, and weight gain. In final analyses, 163 patients (106 men, 57 women) were included. PCR significantly differed by group in men, but not in women or across all patients. In men, PCR was slightly negatively associated with the percentage change in weight. No such correlation was found across all patients or in women. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, low PCR was associated with future weight gain in men with PD but not in women. In conclusion, striatal DAT availability at the time of diagnosis could predict subsequent weight change in men with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Won Seok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Meen Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngduk Seo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Busan Seongso Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
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46
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Petty A, Cui X, Tesiram Y, Kirik D, Howes O, Eyles D. Enhanced Dopamine in Prodromal Schizophrenia (EDiPS): a new animal model of relevance to schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2019; 5:6. [PMID: 30926827 PMCID: PMC6441087 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-019-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the most robust neurochemical abnormalities reported in patients living with schizophrenia is an increase in dopamine (DA) synthesis and release in the dorsal striatum (DS). Importantly, it appears that this increase progresses as a patient transitions from a prodromal stage to the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Here we have recreated this pathophysiology in an animal model by increasing the capacity for DA synthesis preferentially within the DS. To achieve this we administer a genetic construct containing the rate-limiting enzymes in DA synthesis—tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) (packaged within an adeno-associated virus)—into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of adolescent animals. We refer to this model as “Enhanced Dopamine in Prodromal Schizophrenia” (EDiPS). We first confirmed that the TH enzyme is preferentially increased in the DS. As adults, EDiPS animals release significantly more DA in the DS following a low dose of amphetamine (AMPH), have increased AMPH-induced hyperlocomotion and show deficits in pre-pulse inhibition (PPI). The glutamatergic response to AMPH is also altered, again in the DS. EDiPS represents an ideal experimental platform to (a) understand how a preferential increase in DA synthesis capacity in the DS relates to “positive” symptoms in schizophrenia; (b) understand how manipulation of DS DA may influence other neurotransmitter systems shown to be altered in patients with schizophrenia; (c) allow researchers to follow an “at risk”-like disease course from adolescence to adulthood; and (d) ultimately allow trials of putative prophylactic agents to prevent disease onset in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Petty
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yasvir Tesiram
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Deniz Kirik
- BRAINS Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRS London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, 4076, Australia.
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47
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Cassidy CM, Zucca FA, Girgis RR, Baker SC, Weinstein JJ, Sharp ME, Bellei C, Valmadre A, Vanegas N, Kegeles LS, Brucato G, Kang UJ, Sulzer D, Zecca L, Abi-Dargham A, Horga G. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5108-5117. [PMID: 30796187 PMCID: PMC6421437 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807983116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) purports to detect the content of neuromelanin (NM), a product of dopamine metabolism that accumulates with age in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). Interindividual variability in dopamine function may result in varying levels of NM accumulation in the SN; however, the ability of NM-MRI to measure dopamine function in nonneurodegenerative conditions has not been established. Here, we validated that NM-MRI signal intensity in postmortem midbrain specimens correlated with regional NM concentration even in the absence of neurodegeneration, a prerequisite for its use as a proxy for dopamine function. We then validated a voxelwise NM-MRI approach with sufficient anatomical sensitivity to resolve SN subregions. Using this approach and a multimodal dataset of molecular PET and fMRI data, we further showed the NM-MRI signal was related to both dopamine release in the dorsal striatum and resting blood flow within the SN. These results suggest that NM-MRI signal in the SN is a proxy for function of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. As a proof of concept for its clinical utility, we show that the NM-MRI signal correlated to severity of psychosis in schizophrenia and individuals at risk for schizophrenia, consistent with the well-established dysfunction of the nigrostriatal pathway in psychosis. Our results indicate that noninvasive NM-MRI is a promising tool that could have diverse research and clinical applications to investigate in vivo the role of dopamine in neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford M Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032;
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, affiliated with The Royal, Ottawa, ON K1Z 8N3, Canada
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Ragy R Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Seth C Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jodi J Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Madeleine E Sharp
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chiara Bellei
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Valmadre
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Nora Vanegas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lawrence S Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Gary Brucato
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032;
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48
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Miller CT, Hale ME, Okano H, Okabe S, Mitra P. Comparative Principles for Next-Generation Neuroscience. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:12. [PMID: 30787871 PMCID: PMC6373779 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience is enjoying a renaissance of discovery due in large part to the implementation of next-generation molecular technologies. The advent of genetically encoded tools has complemented existing methods and provided researchers the opportunity to examine the nervous system with unprecedented precision and to reveal facets of neural function at multiple scales. The weight of these discoveries, however, has been technique-driven from a small number of species amenable to the most advanced gene-editing technologies. To deepen interpretation and build on these breakthroughs, an understanding of nervous system evolution and diversity are critical. Evolutionary change integrates advantageous variants of features into lineages, but is also constrained by pre-existing organization and function. Ultimately, each species’ neural architecture comprises both properties that are species-specific and those that are retained and shared. Understanding the evolutionary history of a nervous system provides interpretive power when examining relationships between brain structure and function. The exceptional diversity of nervous systems and their unique or unusual features can also be leveraged to advance research by providing opportunities to ask new questions and interpret findings that are not accessible in individual species. As new genetic and molecular technologies are added to the experimental toolkits utilized in diverse taxa, the field is at a key juncture to revisit the significance of evolutionary and comparative approaches for next-generation neuroscience as a foundational framework for understanding fundamental principles of neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory T Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Melina E Hale
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS), Wako, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Partha Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
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49
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McCutcheon RA, Abi-Dargham A, Howes OD. Schizophrenia, Dopamine and the Striatum: From Biology to Symptoms. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:205-220. [PMID: 30621912 PMCID: PMC6401206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mesolimbic hypothesis has been a central dogma of schizophrenia for decades, positing that aberrant functioning of midbrain dopamine projections to limbic regions causes psychotic symptoms. Recently, however, advances in neuroimaging techniques have led to the unanticipated finding that dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia is greatest within nigrostriatal pathways, implicating the dorsal striatum in the pathophysiology and calling into question the mesolimbic theory. At the same time our knowledge of striatal anatomy and function has progressed, suggesting new mechanisms via which striatal dysfunction may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. This Review draws together these developments, to explore what they mean for our understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of the disorder. Techniques for characterising the mesostriatal dopamine system, both in humans and animal models, have advanced significantly over the past decade. In vivo imaging studies in schizophrenia patients demonstrate that dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia is greatest in nigrostriatal as opposed to mesolimbic pathways. Better understanding of striatal structure and function has enhanced our insight into the neurobiological basis of psychotic symptoms. The role of other neurotransmitters in modulating striatal dopamine function merits further exploration, and modulating these neurotransmitter systems has potential to offer new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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50
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Stark SM, Frithsen A, Mattfeld AT, Stark CEL. Modulation of associative learning in the hippocampal-striatal circuit based on item-set similarity. Cortex 2018; 109:60-73. [PMID: 30300757 PMCID: PMC6263739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and striatal learning systems support different forms of learning, which can be competitive or cooperative depending on task demands. We have previously shown how activity in these regions can be modulated in a conditional visuomotor associative learning task based on the consistency of response mappings or reward feedback (Mattfeld & Stark, 2015). Here, we examined the shift in learning towards the MTL and away from the striatum by placing strong demands on pattern separation, a process of orthogonalizing similar inputs into distinct representations. Mnemonically, pattern separation processes have been shown to rely heavily on processing in the hippocampus. Therefore, we predicted modulation of hippocampal activity by pattern separation demands, but no such modulation of striatal activity. Using a variant of the conditional visuomotor associative learning task that we have used previously, we presented participants with two blocked conditions: items with high and low perceptual overlap during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As predicted, we observed learning-related activity in the hippocampus, which was greater in the high than the low overlap condition, particularly in the dentate gyrus. In contrast, the associative striatum also showed learning related activity, but it was not modulated by overlap condition. Using functional connectivity analyses, we showed that the correlation between the hippocampus and dentate gyrus with the associative striatum was differentially modulated by high vs. low overlap, suggesting that the coordination between these regions was affected when pattern separation demands were high. These findings contribute to a growing literature that suggests that the hippocampus and striatal network both contribute to the learning of arbitrary associations that are computationally distinct and can be altered by task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Amy Frithsen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Aaron T Mattfeld
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, United States.
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