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Gong Y, Zhou C, Wan Y, Yin H. Association of magnesium deficiency, tobacco smoke exposure and hypertension in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2007-2018. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:647. [PMID: 39390435 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-05097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggested that the combination of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and dietary nutrients intake may be related to a higher or lower risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake, TSE and the odds of hypertension remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of TSE, dietary Mg intake and the odds of hypertension among children and adolescents. METHOD Data of this study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2018. Dietary Mg intake was calculated as the average of two days of dietary and supplementations intake. Serum cotinine concertation ≥ 0.05 µg/L or at least one-person smoking in the household was considered as exposing to the tobacco smoke. The weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to explore the associations of dietary Mg intake, TSE and the odds of hypertension among children and adolescents with the evaluation index of odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on different age, gender and overweight were further assessed these associations. RESULTS A total of 7,122 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years old and with the blood pressure measurement were included. Of which, 948 (13.31%) had hypertension. After adjusting all covariates, we observed children and adolescents exposed to tobacco smoke was related to higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.01-1.78); children and adolescents not reached the dietary Mg references intakes was related to higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.48, (95%CI: 1.11-1.97); compared to children and adolescents non-TSE and reached the DRIs of Mg, those not reached the DRIs of Mg and exposed to tobacco smoke have the highest odds of hypertension (OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.30-2.89, P for trend = 0.002). These associations of dietary Mg intake, TSE and hypertension remain robust after the stratified analysis based on age, gender and overweight was conducted. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested there were a robust association between dietary Mg intake, TSE and hypertension in children and adolescents. Those children and adolescents with deficiency dietary Mg intake and exposed to tobacco smoke may have the high odds of hypertension. More restrictions on smoking as well as Mg supplementation in the prevention and treatment of hypertension among children and adolescents might be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China
| | - Haibin Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China.
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Zouche I, Ketata S, Bousarsar M, Grati F, Derbel R, Kardoun N, Fendri S, Cheikhrouhou H. [The role of magnesium sulfate in providing hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study]. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:215. [PMID: 39247774 PMCID: PMC11380610 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.215.41212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction during laparoscopic surgery, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation to create pneumoperitoneum increases blood pressure, heart rate and systemic vascular resistance. The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy of magnesium sulfate in preventing adverse hemodynamic reactions associated with pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study of patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and divided into two equal groups: the Mg2+ group received slow intravenous magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg injection prior to pneumoperitoneum insufflation while the S group received the same volume of 0.9 % saline. Our primary endpoint was intraoperative changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) related to pneumoperitoneum, in particular at 1 minute after insufflation. The secondary endpoints were the haemodynamic effects of pneumoperitoneum in terms of systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) from 2 minutes after insufflation to extubation and postoperatively, and the presence of possible adverse reactions related to the administration of magnesium sulphate. Results we included 70 patients divided into two groups of 35. SP was significantly higher in the S group at insufflation (T0), 3 min, 4 min and 5 min post-operative, and at 60 min after surgery. HR was significantly higher in patients in the S group compared to the Mg2+ group at 7 min and 8 min after insufflation. No significant differences in DP and MAP measurements were observed between the 2 groups. No adverse reactions related to magnesium administration were reported. Conclusion magnesium sulfate administered prior to pneumoperitoneum insufflation provided improved intraoperative hemodynamic stability during laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Zouche
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Salma Ketata
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Mariem Bousarsar
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Faiza Grati
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Rahma Derbel
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Nizar Kardoun
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Sami Fendri
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Cheikhrouhou
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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Joshi A, Kaur S, Taneja SK, Mandal R. Review Article on Molecular Mechanism of Regulation of Hypertension by Macro-elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg), Micro-elements/Trace Metals (Zn and Cu) and Toxic Elements (Pb and As). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1477-1502. [PMID: 37523058 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a medical condition arising due to increase in blood pressure (BP) prevalent worldwide. The balanced dietary intakes of macro-elements and micro-elements including Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu have been described to maintain BP in humans by regulating the osmolarity of blood, cells/tissues, prevention of generation of oxidative and nitrosative stress (OANS), and endothelial damage through their functioning as important components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), antioxidant enzyme defense system, and maintenance of blood vascular-endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions. However, inadequate/excess dietary intakes of Na/K, Ca/Mg, and Zn/Cu along with higher Pb and As exposures recognized to induce HT through common mechanisms including the followings: endothelial dysfunctions due to impairment of vasodilatation, increased vasoconstriction and arterial stiffness, blood clotting, inflammation, modification of sympathetic activity and higher catecholamine release, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and cardiac output; increased OANS due to reduced and elevated activities of extracellular superoxide dismutase and NAD(P)H oxidase, less nitric oxide bioavailability, decrease in cGMP and guanylate cyclase activity, increase in intracellular Ca2+ ions in VSMCs, and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines; higher parathyroid and calcitriol hormones; activation/suppression of RAAS resulting imbalance in blood Na+, K+, and water regulated by renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone through affecting natriuresis/kaliuresis/diuresis; elevation in serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, decrease in HDL cholesterol due to defect in lipoprotein metabolism. The present study recommends the need to review simple dietary mineral intervention studies/supplementation trials before keeping their individual dietary excess intakes/exposures in consideration because their interactions lead to elevation and fall of their concentrations in body affecting onset of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Joshi
- PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, UT, India
| | | | - Reshu Mandal
- PG Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT, India.
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Roşca AE, Vlădăreanu AM, Mirica R, Anghel-Timaru CM, Mititelu A, Popescu BO, Căruntu C, Voiculescu SE, Gologan Ş, Onisâi M, Iordan I, Zăgrean L. Taurine and Its Derivatives: Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect on Platelet Function and Their Antithrombotic Potential. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030666. [PMID: 35160118 PMCID: PMC8837186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a semi-essential, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, with a six times higher concentration in platelets than any other amino acid. It is highly beneficial for the organism, has many therapeutic actions, and is currently approved for heart failure treatment in Japan. Taurine has been repeatedly reported to elicit an inhibitory action on platelet activation and aggregation, sustained by in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro animal and human studies. Taurine showed effectiveness in several pathologies involving thrombotic diathesis, such as diabetes, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and others. As human prospective studies on thrombosis outcome are very difficult to carry out, there is an obvious need to validate existing findings, and bring new compelling data about the mechanisms underlying taurine and derivatives antiplatelet action and their antithrombotic potential. Chloramine derivatives of taurine proved a higher stability and pronounced selectivity for platelet receptors, raising the assumption that they could represent future potential antithrombotic agents. Considering that taurine and its analogues display permissible side effects, along with the need of finding new, alternative antithrombotic drugs with minimal side effects and long-term action, the potential clinical relevance of this fascinating nutrient and its derivatives requires further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Eugen Roşca
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Ana-Maria Vlădăreanu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Radu Mirica
- Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Anghel-Timaru
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alina Mititelu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Căruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Şerban Gologan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias Clinical Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Minodora Onisâi
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
| | - Iuliana Iordan
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
- Department of Medical Semiology and Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
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Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810122. [PMID: 34576285 PMCID: PMC8468091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.
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Li W, Su Y, Ma L, Zhu S, Zheng Y, Guan S. Sol-gel coating loaded with inhibitor on ZE21B Mg alloy for improving corrosion resistance and endothelialization aiming at potential cardiovascular application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:111993. [PMID: 34364249 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To improve the service performance of vascular stents, we designed/selected a series of organic compounds from commercial drugs, natural plants, and marine life as the potential corrosion inhibitors for ZE21B alloy. Paeonol condensation tyrosine (PCTyr) Schiff base was found to be the most efficient inhibitor among them. The biocompatible, self-healing, anti-corrosive sol-gel coating loaded with corrosion inhibitor was fabricated on the Mg substrate through a convenient dip-coating tactic. The corrosion resistance, self-healing ability, cytotoxicity, and hemocompatibility of the coated sample were evaluated. These results suggested the potentiality of Schiff base inhibitor-loaded sol-gel coating for enhanced corrosion protection and desired biocompatibility of bioabsorbable cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ya Su
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- College of Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaokang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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7
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Oxidative stress: Normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Guizoni DM, Vettorazzi JF, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Modulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production and activity by taurine and taurine-conjugated bile acids. Nitric Oxide 2019; 94:48-53. [PMID: 31669041 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Taurine is a semiessential amino acid found at high concentrations in mammalian plasma and cells, where it regulates cellular functions such as ion flux, controls cell volume and serves as a substrate for conjugated bile acids (BAs). Exogenous administration of both taurine and taurine-conjugated BAs have also been implicated in the modulation of cardiovascular functions. This brief review summarizes the role of taurine and taurine-conjugated BAs in vascular relaxation through the modulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). The effects of taurine on vascular health are controversial. However, in the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, it has been proposed that taurine can increase vascular NO levels by increasing eNOS expression, eNOS phosphorylation on Ser1177, NO bioavailability, the level of antioxidative defense, and the l-arginine/NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio. The taurine-conjugated BA-mediated activation of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled BA receptor (TGR5) and/or muscarinic 3 receptor (M3) was also reported to increase vascular NO production. FXR activation increases eNOS expression and may reduce ADMA formation, while TGR5 increases mobilization of Ca2+ and phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt in endothelial cells. Furthermore, taurine and taurine-conjugated BAs might regulate NO synthesis and activity by enhancing H2S generation. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of both taurine and taurine-conjugated BAs in reversing the endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, malnutrition, and smoking. In addition, taurine-conjugated BAs have emerged as a potential treatment for portal hypertension. Despite these favorable findings, there is a need to further explore the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the endothelial effects of taurine and taurine-conjugated BAs. Here, we summarize the main findings regarding the effects of taurine and taurine-conjugated BAs on the endothelial dysfunction associated with altered NO metabolism in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele M Guizoni
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean F Vettorazzi
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Park B, Kim MH, Cha CK, Lee YJ, Kim KC. High Calcium-Magnesium Ratio in Hair Is Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:52-58. [PMID: 28168532 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between calcium and magnesium as a risk modifier for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been largely overlooked in previous studies, for the strict regulatory system in blood has been thought to keep such homeostatic interactions under tight control. This study aimed to investigate the association between calcium-magnesium ratio in hair and subclinical coronary artery calcification. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we examined the associations between calcium-magnesium ratio in hair and the coronary calcium score (CCS) in 216 Koreans aged 40 years and above (122 men and 94 women). We found that the calcium-to-magnesium ratio in hair was independently and positively associated with CCS after adjusting for age and sex (regression coefficient 6.051 ± 2.329, P = 0.010). When we assessed the association between the calcium-magnesium ratio and CCS after adjusting for potential cardiovascular risk factors and vascular function modifying drugs, we found that the strength of association with CCS was comparable to before (regression coefficient 5.434 ± 2.523, P = 0.032). Our findings suggest that among middle-aged and elderly Koreans without clinical CVD, the association between coronary artery calcification and hair calcium-magnesium ratio is stronger in those with a higher calcium-magnesium ratio in hair than in those with a lower ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Keun Cha
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 442, Dosan-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Chol Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 442, Dosan-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06062, Republic of Korea.
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A review of the evidence for alternative and complementary medical approaches in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:39-43. [PMID: 31646118 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of complementary and alternative medicine approaches has increased in the recent years. It has been utilized in both the treatment and prevention of many chronic diseases, especially in the management of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Lifestyle modifications play a fundamental role in alternative and complementary medicine. Regular exercise, maintenance of optimal weight, and a healthful diet play vital roles in maintaining ideal health. Specifically, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and Mediterranean diets have been established as having beneficial effects on blood pressure and cholesterol and even cardiovascular outcomes. Still, additional supplements including fish oil, CoQ10, and red yeast rice (among others) have shown promising beneficial effects. Unfortunately, many of the beneficial claims of natural products are not scientifically proven, lack reproducibility, and/or yield conflicting results. Until more concrete evidence can be produced, it is important for physicians and patients alike to familiarize themselves with these natural products and increase their awareness of any potential adverse effects.
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Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium and type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1152-1157. [PMID: 26322160 PMCID: PMC4549665 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i10.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium (Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulin and glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistance in diabetic patients. A low Mg intake and an increased Mg urinary loss appear the most important mechanisms that may favor Mg depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low dietary Mg intake has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Benefits of Mg supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients have been found in most, but not all clinical studies and larger prospective studies are needed to support the potential role of dietary Mg supplementation as a possible public health strategy in diabetes risk. The aim of this review is to revise current evidence on the mechanisms of Mg deficiency in diabetes and on the possible role of Mg supplementation in the prevention and management of the disease.
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Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Qian Q. Dysmagnesemia in Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence and Prognostic Importance. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1001-10. [PMID: 26250725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of serum magnesium (Mg) alterations and outcomes in hospitalized patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS All admissions to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2013 (288,120 patients), were screened. Admission Mg from each unique patient and relevant clinical data were extracted from the institutional electronic database. RESULTS After excluding patients aged less than 18 years, those without Mg measurement, and readmission episodes, a total of 65,974 patients were studied. Magnesium levels of 2.1 mg/dL or higher were found in 20,777 patients (31.5%), and levels less than 1.7 mg/dL were noted in 13,320 (20.2%). Hypomagnesemia was common in patients with hematologic/oncological disorders, and hypermagnesemia was common in those with cardiovascular disease. The lowest hospital mortality, assessed by restricted cubic spline and percentage death, occurred in patients with Mg levels between 1.7 and 1.89 mg/dL. An Mg level of less than 1.7 mg/dL was independently associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality after adjusting for all variables except the admission diagnosis; risk for longer hospital stay and being discharged to a care facility were increased in the fully adjusted model. An elevated Mg level of 2.3 mg/dL or higher was a predictor for all adverse outcomes. The magnitude of Mg elevations in patients with levels of 2.3 mg/dL or higher (N=7908) was associated with worse hospital mortality in a dose-response manner. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, Mg levels of 1.5 to 1.69 mg/dL and 2.3 mg/dL or higher both independently predicted poor outcomes including hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Dysmagnesemia in hospitalized patients is common, with hypermagnesemia being most prevalent. Compared with hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesemia is a stronger predictor for poor outcomes. Magnesium supplementation for patients without Mg deficiency should be avoided in the absence of randomized controlled trials documenting a benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Qi Qian
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Hohmann M, Felbinger C, Christoph N, Wachter H, Wiest J, Holzgrabe U. Quantification of taurine in energy drinks using 1H NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 93:156-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sun X, Jia Z. A brief review of biomarkers for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2012; 3:251-4. [PMID: 23233766 PMCID: PMC3516002 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most prominent circulation disorders around the world. Biomarkers are characteristic biological properties that can be objectively measured as an indicator to evaluate a variety of health or disease characteristics. Cardiac biomarkers are a valuable tool for assessing the pathogenesis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will focus on the major biomarkers used in recent clinical research for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, which include mean platelet volume, hyperhomocysteinemia, serum magnesium, microalbuminuria, and prolongation of QT interval and dispersion. We also highlight the key findings of clinical case report based studies presented in this issue of JCDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Houston M. The role of magnesium in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2011; 13:843-7. [PMID: 22051430 PMCID: PMC8108907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium intake of 500 mg/d to 1000 mg/d may reduce blood pressure (BP) as much as 5.6/2.8 mm Hg. However, clinical studies have a wide range of BP reduction, with some showing no change in BP. The combination of increased intake of magnesium and potassium coupled with reduced sodium intake is more effective in reducing BP than single mineral intake and is often as effective as one antihypertensive drug in treating hypertension. Reducing intracellular sodium and calcium while increasing intracellular magnesium and potassium improves BP response. Magnesium also increases the effectiveness of all antihypertensive drug classes. It remains to be conclusively proven that cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and cardiac arrhythmias can be prevented or treated with magnesium intake. Preliminary evidence suggests that insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, and dyslipidemia may be improved with increased magnesium intake. Various genetic defects in magnesium transport are associated with hypertension and possibly with cardiovascular disease. Oral magnesium acts as a natural calcium channel blocker, increases nitric oxide, improves endothelial dysfunction, and induces direct and indirect vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Division of Human Nutrition, Saint Thomas Medical Group and Hospital, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Hypertension Institute, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Tian X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Diao Y, Zhao Z, Lv D. Copper-taurine (CT): a potential organic compound to facilitate infected wound healing. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:1048-50. [PMID: 19640654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taurine plays various important roles in a large number of physiological and pathological conditions in human body, such as the cytoprotective functions, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. Copper demonstrates a critical effect in the processes of wound healing, including induction of endothelial growth factor, angiogenesis, antimicrobial potency and expression and stabilization of extracellular matrix. Both copper and taurine are effective in accelerating wound healing, but it was rarely reported about the formation of copper complexes of taurine and the effect of the compound in wound healing. Generally speaking, to human body, organic compound could provide a better bioavailability than the inorganic ones. We thus hypothesize that taurine combined with copper would be a new therapeutic candidate for infected wound healing. We name the new compound copper-taurine (CT). Copper-taurine (CT) added into the wound dressings would not only reduce the risk of wound infection, but, more importantly, would stimulate wound repair directly. The sustained release of copper and taurine from the wound dressings into the wound site would together facilitate the wound healing more potently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Iron (II) taurate, magnesium taurate and magnesium acetyl taurate as sources of iron or magnesium added for nutritional purposes in food supplements. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abebe W. Effects of taurine on the reactivity of aortas from diabetic rats. Life Sci 2008; 82:279-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Estrogen deficiency, hyperinsulinemia, type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, and a past history of elevated blood pressure may be associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Common to all of these risk factors is a diminished capacity of vascular endothelium to generate nitric oxide (NO). Vascular NO has the potential to enhance the membrane polarization of cerebral neurons by increasing the open probability of calcium-activated potassium channels; this may protect neurons from the excessive calcium influx, potentiated by beta-amyloid peptides that is thought to mediate neuronal damage in AD. The possibility that NO/cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-phosphate (cGMP) may modulate the synthesis or processing of the amyloid precursor protein, also merits evaluation. Practical measures for promoting vascular NO production may include increased intakes of arginine, potassium, antioxidants, and fish-oil, as well as lifestyle measures that typically lower elevated blood pressure; potential benefits of chromium, glucosamine, and silicon should also be explored. In hypertensives, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and sodium restriction may favorably influence endothelial function. Fish-oil should have the additional benefit of antagonizing the contribution of interleukin-1 to AD pathogenesis. Ancillary anti-excitotoxic measures such as magnesium, taurine, phenytoin, and vasodilators targeting ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels, may likewise reduce AD risk. Most of the nutritional measures suggested here would in any case be recommendable for preservation of vascular health.
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McCarty MF. Nitric oxide deficiency, leukocyte activation, and resultant ischemia are crucial to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy/neuropathy--preventive potential of antioxidants, essential fatty acids, chromium, ginkgolides, and pentoxifylline. Med Hypotheses 1998; 50:435-49. [PMID: 9681924 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impaired microcirculatory perfusion appears to be crucial to the pathogenesis of both neuropathy and retinopathy in diabetics. This in turn reflects a hyperglycemically mediated perturbation of vascular endothelial function that entails overactivation of protein kinase C, reduced availability of nitric oxide, increased production of superoxide and endothelin, impaired insulin function, diminished synthesis of prostacyclin/PGE1, and increased activation and endothelial adherence of leukocytes. These dysfunctions may be addressed with a supplementation program that includes high-dose antioxidants, fish oil, gamma-linolenic acid, chromium, arginine, carnitine, and ginkgolides. Pharmaceuticals likely to be of benefit in this regard include pentoxifylline, probucol, replacement estrogens, and inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme and aldose reductase.
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Abstract
An American Cocker Spaniel with low plasma taurine concentration (< 2 nmol/mL) was presented with dyspnoea associated with pulmonary oedema and a left ventricular shortening fraction of 9%. Emergency therapy with furosemide, dobutamine, nitroglycerine and oxygen supplementation led to a good response. Chronic therapy was started with enalapril, furosemide, digoxin and taurine. Improvement in all echocardiographic indices were noted over a 22 week follow-up, most notably an increase in left ventricular shortening fraction to 20%, a decrease of E-point septal separation from 14 mm to 7 mm and marked left ventricular remodelling. This degree of improvement in myocardial function may represent a direct link between dilated cardiomyopathy in the American Cocker Spaniel and plasma taurine deficiency. Alternatively, this response may reflect a breed-related cardiomyopathy with a natural history and therapeutic response not commonly seen in the more common large breed cardiomyopathy presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gavaghan
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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McCarty MF. Exploiting complementary therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type II diabetes and prevention of its complications. Med Hypotheses 1997; 49:143-52. [PMID: 9278926 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glycemic control in type II diabetes results from peripheral insulin resistance, hepatic insulin resistance, and a relative failure of beta cell function. Nutritional and pharmaceutical measures are now available for addressing each of these defects, presumably enabling a rational and highly effective clinical management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Peripheral insulin resistance, which usually responds to a very-low-fat diet, aerobic exercise training, and appropriate weight loss, can also treated with high-dose chromium picolinate, high-dose vitamin E, magnesium, soluble fiber, and possibly taurine; these measures appear likely to correct the diabetes-associated metabolic derangements of vascular smooth muscle, and thus lessen risk for macrovascular disease. Metformin's clinical efficacy is primarily reflective of reduced hepatic glucose output; this action should complement the benefits of peripheral insulin sensitizers. When these measures are not sufficient for optimal control, beta cell function can be boosted with second-generation sulfonylureas.
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Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of migraine is still poorly understood, various clinical investigations, as well as consideration of the characteristic activities of the wide range of drugs known to reduce migraine incidence, suggest that such phenomena as neuronal hyperexcitation, cortical spreading depression, vasospasm, platelet activation and sympathetic hyperactivity often play a part in this syndrome. Increased tissue levels of taurine, as well as increased extracellular magnesium, could be expected to dampen neuronal hyperexcitation, counteract vasospasm, increase tolerance to focal hypoxia and stabilize platelets; taurine may also lessen sympathetic outflow. Thus it is reasonable to speculate that supplemental magnesium taurate will have preventive value in the treatment of migraine. Fish oil, owing to its platelet-stabilizing and antivasospastic actions, may also be useful in this regard, as suggested by a few clinical reports. Although many drugs have value for migraine prophylaxis, the two nutritional measures suggested here may have particular merit owing to the versatility of their actions, their safety and lack of side-effects and their long-term favorable impact on vascular health.
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McCarty MF. Up-regulation of intracellular signalling pathways may play a central pathogenic role in hypertension, atherogenesis, insulin resistance, and cancer promotion--the 'PKC syndrome'. Med Hypotheses 1996; 46:191-221. [PMID: 8676754 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The modern diet is greatly different from that of our paleolithic forebears' in a number of respects. There is reason to believe that many of these dietary shifts can up-regulate intracellular signalling pathways mediated by free intracellular calcium and protein kinase C, particularly in vascular smooth muscle cells; this disorder of intracellular regulation is given the name 'PKC syndrome'. PKC syndrome may entail either a constitutive activation of these pathways, or a sensitization to activation by various agonists. The modern dietary perturbations which tend to induce PKC syndrome may include increased dietary fat and sodium, and decreased intakes of omega-3 fats, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chromium. Insulin resistance may be both a cause and effect of PKC syndrome, and weight reduction and aerobic training should act to combat this disorder. PKC syndrome sensitizes vascular smooth muscle cells to both vasoconstrictors and growth factors, and thus promotes both hypertension and atherogenesis. In platelets, it induces hyperaggregability, while in the microvasculature it may be a mediator of diabetic microangiopathy. In vascular endothelium, intimal macrophages, and hepatocytes, increased protein kinase C activity can be expected to increase cardiovascular risk. Up-regulation of protein kinase C in stem cells may also play a role in the promotion of 'Western' fat-related cancers. Practical guidelines for combatting PKC syndrome are suggested.
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