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Tian C, Chai J, Liu W, Zhang X, Li Y, Zuo H, Yuan G, Zhang H, Liu H, Chen Z. Role of the Demethylase AlkB Homolog H5 in the Promotion of Dentinogenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:923185. [PMID: 35784864 PMCID: PMC9240783 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.923185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis is a key process in tooth formation and is regulated by a series of pre- and post-transcriptional regulations. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A), which is the most prevalent internal chemical modification that can be removed by the RNA demethylase AlkB homolog H5 (ALKBH5), has recently been reported to be involved in several biological processes. However, the exact function of ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification in tooth development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Alkbh5 was expressed in pre-odontoblasts, polarizing odontoblasts, and secretory odontoblasts. Alkbh5 overexpression in the mouse dental papilla cell line mDPC6T promoted odontoblastic differentiation. Conditional knockout of Alkbh5 in Dmp1-expressing odontoblasts led to a decrease in number of odontoblasts and increased pre-dentin formation. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and m6A sequencing of Alkbh5-overexpressing mDPC6T cells revealed that Alkbh5 promoted odontoblast differentiation by prolonging the half-life of Runx2 transcripts in an m6A-dependent manner and by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Notably, the loss of Alkbh5 expression in odontoblasts impaired tertiary dentin formation in vivo. These results suggested that the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 plays a role in dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihua Chai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinye Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yashu Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyan Zuo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Liu, ; Zhi Chen,
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Liu, ; Zhi Chen,
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Qi X, Liu C, Li G, Luan H, Li S, Yang D, Zhou Z. Investigation of in vitro odonto/osteogenic capacity of cannabidiol on human dental pulp cell. J Dent 2021; 109:103673. [PMID: 33872753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vital pulp treatment (VPT) maintains tooth vitality with certain dental materials by protecting pulp from noxious stimulation and promoting repair through enhancing cell proliferation/differentiation, migration, and inducing odontogenesis. As a non-psychotropic cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD) possesses the properties of analgesic, anti-inflammation, and osteogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that CBD may induce the odonto/osteogenesis of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), a critical feature using as effective pulp capping agent for VPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, the cytotoxicity of CBD on HDPCs was determined by MTT assay. Scratch assay was performed to analyze HDPC migration. The biomineralization was examined by collagen synthesis and calcium nodule formation and related odonto/osteogenic and angiogenic genes. Cannabinoid receptor (CB) specificity was evaluated by Western blotting and Von Kossa staining using specific antagonists AM251 for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and AM 630 targeted at cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism of CBD-induced biomineralization were investigated by examining CB-dependent MAPK signaling pathways. RESULTS CBD demonstrated bi-phasic effects on HDPC viability in tested concentrations. We found CBD significantly promoted cell migration, enhanced collagen synthesis and mineralized deposits in HDPCs when treated by 1 μM CBD supplemented in the differentiation media. RT-PCR revealed CBD increased the expression of angiogenic and odontogenic genes, such as DSPP, DMP-1, OPN, ALP, Runx2, VEGFR1 and ICAM-1. These effects were via MAPK activation in a manner mainly mediated by CB2. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggested that CBD can induce odonto/osteogenesis from HDPCs and has the potential to develop new therapeutics in VPT in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qi
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA; Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA
| | - Haipei Luan
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dongru Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA.
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Associations of the microRNA gene polymorphisms with the risk of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth in a Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Takeuchi R, Ohkura N, Yoshiba K, Tohma A, Yoshiba N, Edanami N, Shirakashi M, Belal RSI, Ohshima H, Noiri Y. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression of GLUT1, RUNX2 and MTOR in reparative dentinogenesis. Oral Dis 2019; 26:341-349. [PMID: 31710760 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during reparative dentinogenesis after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) capping. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were used. Pulp of the upper left first molar was exposed and capped with MTA. The upper right first molar of the same animal was used as a control. After collecting molars at various time points, GLUT1, RUNX2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA levels of Slc2a1 (encoding GLUT1), Runx2, Nestin and Mtor were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Pulp exhibited progressive formation of reparative dentine lined with GLUT1- and MTOR-immunoreactive odontoblast-like cells at 5 days after pulpotomy. RUNX2 was detected in nuclei of most pulp tissue cells at day 5 after pulpotomy. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed GLUT1 immunoreactivity on odontoblast-like cells positive for Nestin or RUNX2, 5 days after pulpotomy. Slc2a1, Runx2, Nestin and Mtor mRNA levels were significantly upregulated on days 3-5 after pulpotomy. CONCLUSIONS After rat molar pulpotomy, dental pulp induced formation of reparative dentine with colocalization of GLUT1 and Nestin or RUNX2. Moreover, mRNA levels of Slc2a1, Runx2, Nestin and Mtor were significantly upregulated in pulpotomized dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takeuchi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aiko Tohma
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mari Shirakashi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Qiu Z, Lin S, Hu X, Zeng J, Xiao T, Ke Z, Lv H. Involvement of miR-146a-5p/neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 in the proliferation and differentiation of STRO-1 + human dental pulp stem cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:294-303. [PMID: 31216106 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are oral mesenchymal stem cells capable of self-renewal and have a potential for multilineage differentiation. Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in stem cell biology. Here, we focused on exploring miR-146a-5p and its relationship to the undifferentiated status of STRO-1+ SCAPs and STRO-1+ DPSCs, as well as its role during STRO-1+ DPSC differentiation and proliferation. Our data indicated that baseline miR-146a-5p expression is significantly lower in STRO-1+ SCAPs than in STRO-1+ DPSCs and increased in the latter during osteogenic induction. Moreover, we identified miR-146a-5p as a key miRNA that promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of STRO-1+ DPSCs and attenuates cell proliferation. Additionally, it was observed that STRO-1+ DPSC mineralization results in the downregulation of notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 (HES1). Interference with neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch 1) signaling was verified to enhance differentiation and suppress STRO-1+ DPSC proliferation. It was further observed that miR-146a-5p directly targets the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of NOTCH1 and inhibits expression of both NOTCH1 and HES1mRNAs and Notch 1 and transcription factor HES-1 (HES-1) proteins in STRO-1+ DPSCs. We conclude that miR-146a-5p exerts its regulatory effect on STRO-1+ DPSC differentiation and proliferation partially by suppressing Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailing Qiu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihan Lin
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuegang Hu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianchai Zeng
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Ke
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Lv
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Makkar H, Verma SK, Panda PK, Jha E, Das B, Mukherjee K, Suar M. In Vivo Molecular Toxicity Profile of Dental Bioceramics in Embryonic Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:914-923. [PMID: 30058326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the biocompatibility of potential and commercially available dental material is a major challenge in dental science. This study demonstrates that the zebrafish model is a novel in vivo model for investigating the biocompatibility of dental materials. Two commercially available dental materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, were assessed for their biocompatibility. The biocompatibility analysis was performed in embryonic zebrafish with the help of standard toxicity assays measuring essential parameters such as survivability and hatching. The mechanistic and comparative analysis of toxicity was performed by oxidative stress analysis by measuring ROS induction and apoptosis in zebrafish exposed to dental materials at different concentrations. The molecular investigation at the protein level was done by a computational approach using in silico molecular docking and pathway analysis. The toxicity analysis showed a significant reduction in hatching and survivability rates along with morphological malformations with an increase in the concentration of exposed materials. ROS and apoptosis assay results revealed a greater biocompatibility of Biodentine as compared to that of MTA which was concentration-dependent. In silico analysis showed the significant role of the tricalcium silicate-protein ( Sod1, tp53, RUNX2B) interaction in an exhibition of toxicity. The study provides a new vision and standard in dental material sciences for assessing the biocompatibility of potential novel and commercially available dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79106 , Germany
| | - Ealisha Jha
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL A1C 5S7 , Canada
| | | | - Kaushik Mukherjee
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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Expression of Mineralization Markers during Pulp Response to Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. J Endod 2016; 42:596-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Sun F, Wan M, Xu X, Gao B, Zhou Y, Sun J, Cheng L, Klein OD, Zhou X, Zheng L. Crosstalk between miR-34a and Notch Signaling Promotes Differentiation in Apical Papilla Stem Cells (SCAPs). J Dent Res 2014; 93:589-95. [PMID: 24710391 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514531146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for the formation and regeneration of root dentin. Here, we examined the expression of Notch signaling components in SCAPs and investigated crosstalk between microRNA miR-34aand Notch signaling during cell differentiation. We found that human SCAPs express NOTCH2, NOTCH3, JAG2, DLL3, and HES1, and we tested the relationship between Notch signaling and both cell differentiation and miR-34a expression. NOTCH activation in SCAPs inhibited cell differentiation and up-regulated the expression of miR-34a, whereas miR-34a inhibited Notch signaling in SCAPs by directly targeting the 3'UTR of NOTCH2 and HES1 mRNA and suppressing the expression of NOTCH2, N2ICD, and HES1. DSPP, RUNX2, OSX, and OCN expression was consequently up-regulated. Thus, Notch signaling in human SCAPs plays a vital role in maintenance of these cells. miR-34a interacts with Notch signaling and promotes both odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - M Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - B Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - Y Zhou
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - L Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - O D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041 West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
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Zhu K, Jiao H, Li S, Cao H, Galson DL, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Lai Y, Fan J, Im HJ, Chen D, Xiao G. ATF4 promotes bone angiogenesis by increasing VEGF expression and release in the bone environment. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1870-1884. [PMID: 23649506 PMCID: PMC4394202 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a critical transcription factor for bone remodeling; however, its role in bone angiogenesis has not been established. Here we show that ablation of the Atf4 gene expression in mice severely impaired skeletal vasculature and reduced microvascular density of the bone associated with dramatically decreased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in osteoblasts located on bone surfaces. Results from in vivo studies revealed that hypoxia/reoxygenation induction of HIF-1α and VEGF expression leading to bone angiogenesis, a key adaptive response to hypoxic conditions, was severely compromised in mice lacking the Atf4 gene. Loss of ATF4 completely prevented endothelial sprouting from embryonic metatarsals, which was restored by addition of recombinant human VEGF protein. In vitro studies revealed that ATF4 promotion of HIF-1α and VEGF expression in osteoblasts was highly dependent upon the presence of hypoxia. ATF4 interacted with HIF-1α in hypoxic osteoblasts, and loss of ATF4 increased HIF-1α ubiquitination and reduced its protein stability without affecting HIF-1α mRNA stability and protein translation. Loss of ATF4 increased the binding of HIF-1α to prolyl hydroxylases, the enzymes that hydroxylate HIF-1a protein and promote its proteasomal degradation via the pVHL pathway. Furthermore, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), both well-known activators of osteoclasts, increased release of VEGF from the bone matrix and promoted angiogenesis through the protein kinase C- and ATF4-dependent activation of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Thus, ATF4 is a new key regulator of the HIF/VEGF axis in osteoblasts in response to hypoxia and of VEGF release from bone matrix, two critical steps for bone angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Hongli Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Deborah L. Galson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Zhongfang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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Teplyuk NM, Zhang Y, Lou Y, Hawse JR, Hassan MQ, Teplyuk VI, Pratap J, Galindo M, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ. The osteogenic transcription factor runx2 controls genes involved in sterol/steroid metabolism, including CYP11A1 in osteoblasts. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:849-61. [PMID: 19342447 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones including (1,25)-dihydroxyvitamin D3, estrogens, and glucocorticoids control bone development and homeostasis. We show here that the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 controls genes involved in sterol/steroid metabolism, including Cyp11a1, Cyp39a1, Cyp51, Lss, and Dhcr7 in murine osteoprogenitor cells. Cyp11a1 (P450scc) encodes an approximately 55-kDa mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes side-chain cleavage of cholesterol and is rate limiting for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Runx2 is coexpressed with Cyp11a1 in osteoblasts as well as nonosseous cell types (e.g. testis and breast cancer cells), suggesting a broad biological role for Runx2 in sterol/steroid metabolism. Notably, osteoblasts and breast cancer cells express an approximately 32-kDa truncated isoform of Cyp11a1 that is nonmitochondrial and localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and gel shift assays show that Runx2 binds to the Cyp11a1 gene promoter in osteoblasts, indicating that Cyp11a1 is a direct target of Runx2. Specific Cyp11a1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA increases cell proliferation, indicating that Cyp11a1 normally suppresses osteoblast proliferation. We conclude that Runx2 regulates enzymes involved in sterol/steroid-related metabolic pathways and that activation of Cyp11a1 by Runx2 may contribute to attenuation of osteoblast growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya M Teplyuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655-0106, USA
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Sakamoto K, Tamamura Y, Katsube KI, Yamaguchi A. Zfp64 participates in Notch signaling and regulates differentiation in mesenchymal cells. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1613-23. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.023119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is required for multiple aspects of tissue and cell differentiation. In this study, we identified zinc finger protein 64 (Zfp64) as a novel coactivator of Notch1. Zfp64 is associated with the intracellular domain of Notch1, recruited to the promoters of the Notch target genes Hes1 and Hey1, and transactivates them. Zfp64 expression is under the control of Runx2, and is upregulated by direct transactivation of its promoter. Zfp64 suppresses the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells and promotes their osteoblastic differentiation. Our data demonstrate two functions of Zfp64: (1) it is a downstream target of Runx2 and, (2) its cognate protein acts as a coactivator of Notch1, which suggests that Zfp64 mediates mesenchymal cell differentiation by modulating Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tamamura
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsube
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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12
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Fowlkes JL, Bunn RC, Liu L, Wahl EC, Coleman HN, Cockrell GE, Perrien DS, Lumpkin CK, Thrailkill KM. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and RUNX2-related osteogenic genes are down-regulated throughout osteogenesis in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology 2008; 149:1697-704. [PMID: 18162513 PMCID: PMC2276714 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a number of disorders of skeletal health, conditions that rely, in part, on dynamic bone formation. A mouse model of distraction osteogenesis was used to study the consequences of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin treatment on bone formation and osteoblastogenesis. In diabetic mice compared with control mice, new bone formation was decreased, and adipogenesis was increased in and around, respectively, the distraction gaps. Although insulin treatment restored bone formation to levels observed in nondiabetic control mice, it failed to significantly decrease adipogenesis. Molecular events altered during de novo bone formation in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus, yet restored with insulin treatment were examined so as to clarify specific osteogenic genes that may contribute to diabetic bone disease. RNA from distraction gaps was analyzed by gene microarray and quantitative RT-PCR for osteogenic genes of interest. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and several RUNX2 target genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, Akp2, integrin binding sialoprotein, Dmp1, Col1a2, Phex, Vdr, osteocalcin, and osterix, were all significantly down-regulated in the insulin-deficient, hyperglycemic diabetic animals; however, insulin treatment of diabetic animals significantly restored their expression. Expression of bone morphogenic protein-2, transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, and TWIST2, all important regulators of RUNX2, were not impacted by the diabetic condition, suggesting that the defect in osteogenesis resides at the level of RUNX2 expression and its activity. Together, these data demonstrate that insulin and/or glycemic status can regulate osteogenesis in vivo, and systemic insulin therapy can, in large part, rescue the diabetic bone phenotype at the tissue and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Fowlkes
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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13
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Kayed H, Jiang X, Keleg S, Jesnowski R, Giese T, Berger MR, Esposito I, Löhr M, Friess H, Kleeff J. Regulation and functional role of the Runt-related transcription factor-2 in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1106-15. [PMID: 17876328 PMCID: PMC2360444 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that Runt-related transcription factors play a role in different human tumours. In the present study, the localisation of the Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), its transcriptional activity, as well as its regulation of expression was analysed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used for Runx2 expression and localisation analysis. Runt-related transcription factor-2 expression was silenced using specific siRNA oligonucleotides in pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1) and immortalised pancreatic stellate cells (IPSCs). Overexpression of Runx2 was achieved using a full-length expression vector. TGF-β1, BMP2, and other cytokines were assessed for their potential to regulate Runx2 expression. There was a 6.1-fold increase in median Runx2 mRNA levels in PDAC tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues (P<0.0001). Runt-related transcription factor-2 was localised in pancreatic cancer cells, tubular complexes, and PanIN lesions of PDAC tissues as well as in tumour-associated fibroblasts/stellate cells. Coculture of IPSCs and Panc-1 cells, as well as treatment with TGF-β1 and BMP2, led to increased Runx2 expression in Panc-1 cells. Runt-related transcription factor-2 overexpression was associated with decreased MMP1 release as well as decreased growth and invasion of Panc-1 cells. These effects were reversed by Runx2 silencing. In conclusion, Runx2 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it is regulated by certain cytokines such as TGF-β1 and BMP2 in an auto- and paracrine manner. In addition, Runx2 has the potential to regulate the transcription of extracellular matrix modulators such as SPARC and MMP1, thereby influencing the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kayed
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Keleg
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Jesnowski
- Molecular Gastroenterology Unit, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M R Berger
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemotherapy, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Löhr
- Molecular Gastroenterology Unit, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Friess
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kleeff
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Munich 81675, Germany. E-mail:
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14
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Foster BL, Popowics TE, Fong HK, Somerman MJ. Advances in defining regulators of cementum development and periodontal regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2007; 78:47-126. [PMID: 17338915 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(06)78003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial advancements have been made in defining the cells and molecular signals that guide tooth crown morphogenesis and development. As a result, very encouraging progress has been made in regenerating crown tissues by using dental stem cells and recombining epithelial and mesenchymal tissues of specific developmental ages. To date, attempts to regenerate a complete tooth, including the critical periodontal tissues of the tooth root, have not been successful. This may be in part due to a lesser degree of understanding of the events leading to the initiation and development of root and periodontal tissues. Controversies still exist regarding the formation of periodontal tissues, including the origins and contributions of cells, the cues that direct root development, and the potential of these factors to direct regeneration of periodontal tissues when they are lost to disease. In recent years, great strides have been made in beginning to identify and characterize factors contributing to formation of the root and surrounding tissues, that is, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. This review focuses on the most exciting and important developments over the last 5 years toward defining the regulators of tooth root and periodontal tissue development, with special focus on cementogenesis and the potential for applying this knowledge toward developing regenerative therapies. Cells, genes, and proteins regulating root development are reviewed in a question-answer format in order to highlight areas of progress as well as areas of remaining uncertainty that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Foster
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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15
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Lee SK, Kim YS, Lee SS, Lee YJ, Song IS, Park SC, Kozak C, Yamada Y. Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and characteristic expression in tooth organ of rat and mouse Krox-25. Genomics 2004; 83:243-53. [PMID: 14706453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel member of the Krox family of proteins, designated Krox-25, was identified by screening clones from the cDNA libraries of a rat incisor and mouse embryo craniofacial tissue. Rat and mouse Krox-25 mRNAs are about 2.4 kb long, encoding 225 and 224 amino acids, respectively. Krox-25 consists of five zinc finger motifs homologous to the Drosophila Krüppel segmentation gene and also contains several consensus amino acid sequences for a protein kinase C binding domain. Northern blot analysis revealed an intense expression of Krox-25 mRNA in rat and mouse teeth, although it was expressed weakly in other tissues, including calvaria, brain, lung, thymus, kidney, and submandibular gland of mouse. In situ hybridization showed that Krox-25 mRNA began to be expressed weakly in the early odontogenic mesenchyme and primitive enamel epithelium located at the apical end of the rat incisor, and Krox-25 expression increased in the presecretory ameloblasts and became intense in the secretory ameloblasts. This expression was also similar to the results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot, especially the Krox-25 localization in the nuclei of enamel epithelial cells. These results suggest that Krox-25 plays an important role as a transcription factor for the cytodifferentiation and amelogenesis of enamel epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, South Korea.
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