1
|
Chen YY, Huang CT, Li SW, Pan YJ, Lin TL, Huang YY, Li TH, Yang YC, Gong YN, Hsieh YC. Bacterial factors required for Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza A virus. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:60. [PMID: 34452635 PMCID: PMC8395381 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of post-influenza secondary bacterial infection, which results in excessive morbidity and mortality. Although 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination programs have decreased the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia, PCV13 failed to prevent serotype 3 pneumococcal disease as effectively as other vaccine serotypes. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the co-pathogenesis of influenza virus and serotype 3 pneumococci. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide screening of a serotype 3 S. pneumoniae transposon insertion mutant library in a mouse model of coinfection with influenza A virus (IAV) to identify the bacterial factors required for this synergism. RESULTS Direct, high-throughput sequencing of transposon insertion sites identified 24 genes required for both coinfection and bacterial infection alone. Targeted deletion of the putative aminotransferase (PA) gene decreased bacterial growth, which was restored by supplementation with methionine. The bacterial burden in a coinfection with the PA gene deletion mutant and IAV in the lung was lower than that in a coinfection with wild-type pneumococcus and IAV, but was significantly higher than that in an infection with the PA gene deletion mutant alone. These data suggest that IAV infection alters host metabolism to benefit pneumococcal fitness and confer higher susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. We further demonstrated that bacterial growth was increased by supplementation with methionine or IAV-infected mouse lung homogenates. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates that modulation of host metabolism during IAV infection may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention against secondary bacterial infections caused by serotype 3 pneumococci during IAV outbreaks in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Álvarez-Estrada Á, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, Martínez-Martínez S. Transcriptomics of Haemophilus (Glässerella) parasuis serovar 5 subjected to culture conditions partially mimetic to natural infection for the search of new vaccine antigens. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:326. [PMID: 30400794 PMCID: PMC6219065 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus (Glässerella) parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs. Control of this disorder has been traditionally based on bacterins. The search for alternative vaccines has focused mainly on the study of outer membrane proteins. This study investigates the transcriptome of H. (G.) parasuis serovar 5 subjected to in vitro conditions mimicking to those existing during an infection (high temperature and iron-restriction), with the aim of detecting the overexpression of genes coding proteins exposed on bacterial surface, which could represent good targets as vaccine candidates. Results The transcriptomic approach identified 13 upregulated genes coding surface proteins: TbpA, TbpB, HxuA, HxuB, HxuC, FhuA, FimD, TolC, an autotransporter, a protein with immunoglobulin folding domains, another large protein with a tetratricopeptide repeat and two small proteins that did not contain any known domains. Of these, the first six genes coded proteins being related to iron extraction. Conclusion Six of the proteins have already been tested as vaccine antigens in murine and/or porcine infection models and showed protection against H. (G.) parasuis. However, the remaining seven have not yet been tested and, consequently, they could become useful as putative antigens in the prevention of Glässer’s disease. Anyway, the expression of this seven novel vaccine candidates should be shown in other serovars different from serovar 5. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1647-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Álvarez-Estrada
- Microbiology & Immunology Section, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | - César B Gutiérrez-Martín
- Microbiology & Immunology Section, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain.
| | - Elías F Rodríguez-Ferri
- Microbiology & Immunology Section, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Martínez
- Microbiology & Immunology Section, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Chen M, Zhang W. A two-component signal transduction system contributes to the virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:260-270. [PMID: 29284206 PMCID: PMC5879074 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other studies of bacterial pathogens, current studies of the pathogenesis of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) are focused mainly on in vitro culture conditions. To elucidate further the pathogenesis of RA in vivo, bacterial RNA was extracted from overnight tryptic soy broth cultures (in vitro) and from the blood of infected ducks (in vivo) for comparative RNA sequencing analysis. In total, 682 upregulated genes were identified in vivo. Among the upregulated genes, a signal transduction response regulator (ArsR) and a signal transduction histidine kinase (SthK) were predicted to be located on the same operon. A mutant was constructed by deletion of both of these genes. Duck infection tests showed that genes ArsR and SthK were related to the virulence of the pathogen in vivo. Differentially expressed genes identified by comparison of in vitro and in vivo conditions provided an insight into the physiological process of RA infection and provided an opportunity to identify additional virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Cai X, Qi Y, Liu Y, Cao Q, Wang X, Chen H, Xu X. Improvement in the efficiency of natural transformation of Haemophilus parasuis by shuttle-plasmid methylation. Plasmid 2018; 98:8-14. [PMID: 30003899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Some Haemophilus parasuis strains display resistance to transformation with Escherichia.coli-derived plasmids. This property limits the application of genetic approaches previously developed for H. parasuis. The present study showed that natural transformation with the shuttle plasmid pS2UK led to allelic exchange in H. parasuis strains SH0165 and CF7066. Furthermore, natural transformation with pS2UK yielded allelic exchange mutants in 10 of 17 H. parasuis strains, similar to results using the suicide plasmid pK2UK. Subsequently, 17 H. parasuis strains were transformed with pS2UK by electroporation and 13 obtained the transformants harboring the complete plasmid molecules. As a result, natural transformation of homologous blank strains with the H. parasui-derived plasmids significantly improved the transformation efficiency targeted at obtaining allelic exchange mutants. In addition, shuttle plasmids pS1UG and pSHUK that carried the different homologous arm sequences also displayed the increased transformation efficiency after they were replicated in homologous H. parasuis cells. The approach described here not only improved the efficiency of natural transformation of H. parasuis, but also enlarged the range of transformable H. parasuis strains, thereby enabling application of H. parasuis-specific genetic manipulation techniques in a wider range of isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Qi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Descamps T, De Smet L, De Vos P, de Graaf D. Unbiased random mutagenesis contributes to a better understanding of the virulent behaviour ofPaenibacillus larvae. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:28-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Descamps
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology; Faculty of Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - L. De Smet
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology; Faculty of Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - P. De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Faculty of Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - D.C. de Graaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology; Faculty of Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals potential virulence factors of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. J Proteomics 2017; 160:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
7
|
Feng S, Xu C, Yang K, Wang H, Fan H, Liao M. Either fadD1 or fadD2, Which Encode acyl-CoA Synthetase, Is Essential for the Survival of Haemophilus parasuis SC096. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:72. [PMID: 28361037 PMCID: PMC5350145 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the genes HAPS_0217 and HAPS_1695 are predicted to encode long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligases (FACSs). These proteins contain ATP/AMP signature motifs and FACS conserved motifs that are homologous to those in Escherichia coli FadD (EcFadD). In this study, we demonstrate that HAPS_0217 and HAPS_1695 can functionally replace EcFadD in the E. coli fadD mutant JW1794, and were thus designated fadD1 and fadD2, respectively. An evaluation of kinetic parameters indicated that FadD1 and FadD2 have a substrate preference for long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, FadD2 exhibited substrate inhibition in the presence of high concentrations of oleic acid. Single mutants of each of the fadD genes were easily constructed, whereas double mutants were not. These results were further confirmed using genomic site-directed mutagenesis, which supported the idea that H. parasuis requires either fadD1 or fadD2 for survival. The fadD1 mutant exhibited slower growth than the wild-type strain SC096, and its complementation resulted in a restored phenotype. The wild-type strain did not grow on chemically defined medium without the addition of oleic acid, indicating that lipids are a vital nutrient for this bacterium. Additionally, strains with a disrupted fadD1 gene also exhibited increased sensitivity to quinolone antibiotics, including levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saixiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms of Guangdong province, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Afzal M, Manzoor I, Kuipers OP, Shafeeq S. Cysteine-Mediated Gene Expression and Characterization of the CmbR Regulon in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1929. [PMID: 27990139 PMCID: PMC5131005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic response of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 to cysteine. Transcriptome comparison of the D39 wild-type grown at a restricted concentration of cysteine (0.03 mM) to one grown at a high concentration of cysteine (50 mM) in chemically-defined medium (CDM) revealed elevated expression of various genes/operons, i.e., spd-0150, metQ, spd-0431, metEF, gshT, spd-0618, fhs, tcyB, metB-csd, metA, spd-1898, yvdE, and cysK, likely to be involved in the transport and utilization of cysteine and/or methionine. Microarray-based data were further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Promoter lacZ-fusion studies and quantitative RT-PCR data showed that the transcriptional regulator CmbR acts as a transcriptional repressor of spd-0150, metEF, gshT, spd-0618, tcyB, metA, and yvdE, putatively involved in cysteine uptake and utilization. The operator site of CmbR in the promoter regions of CmbR-regulated genes is predicted and confirmed by mutating or deleting CmbR operator sites from the promoter regions of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College UniversityFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College UniversityFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Afzal M, Shafeeq S, Kuipers OP. Methionine-mediated gene expression and characterization of the CmhR regulon in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000091. [PMID: 28348831 PMCID: PMC5359408 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the transcriptomic response of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 to methionine. Transcriptome comparison of the S. pneumoniae D39 wild-type grown in chemically defined medium with 0–10 mM methionine revealed the elevated expression of various genes/operons involved in methionine synthesis and transport (fhs, folD, gshT, metA, metB-csd, metEF, metQ, tcyB, spd-0150, spd-0431 and spd-0618). Furthermore, β-galactosidase assays and quantitative RT-PCR studies demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator, CmhR (SPD-0588), acts as a transcriptional activator of the fhs, folD, metB-csd, metEF, metQ and spd-0431 genes. A putative regulatory site of CmhR was identified in the promoter region of CmhR-regulated genes and this CmhR site was further confirmed by promoter mutational experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,2Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, G C University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- 3Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, , Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Guo X, Yan B, Du A. Screening and analysis of Hc-ubq and Hc-gst related to desiccation survival of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Vet Parasitol 2015; 210:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
Huang YJ, Zhou Q, Huang JQ, Zeng YR, Wang ZJ, Zhang QX, Zhu YH, Shen C, Zheng BS. Transcriptional profiling by DDRT-PCR analysis reveals gene expression during seed development in Carya cathayensis Sarg. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 91:28-35. [PMID: 25863888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) seed has one of the highest oil content and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which kernel is helpful to human health, particularly to human brain function. A better elucidation of lipid accumulation mechanism would help to improve hickory production and seed quality. DDRT-PCR analysis was used to examine gene expression in hickory at thirteen time points during seed development process. A total of 67 unique genes involved in seed development were obtained, and those expression patterns were further confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR analysis. Of them, the genes with known functions were involved in signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, nuclear metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, carbon metabolism, secondary metabolism, oxidation of fatty acids and stress response, suggesting that hickory underwent a complex metabolism process in seed development. Furthermore, 6 genes related to fatty acid synthesis were explored, and their functions in seed development process were further discussed. The data obtained here would provide the first clues for guiding further functional studies of fatty acid synthesis in hickory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jun Huang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, PR China.
| | - Jian-Qin Huang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ru Zeng
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Jia Wang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Qi-Xiang Zhang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Yi-Hang Zhu
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Chen Shen
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Bing-Song Zheng
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Howell KJ, Weinert LA, Chaudhuri RR, Luan SL, Peters SE, Corander J, Harris D, Angen Ø, Aragon V, Bensaid A, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Langford PR, Rycroft AN, Wren BW, Holden MTG, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ. The use of genome wide association methods to investigate pathogenicity, population structure and serovar in Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1179. [PMID: 25539682 PMCID: PMC4532294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the etiologic agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs and causes devastating losses to the farming industry. Whilst some hyper-virulent isolates have been described, the relationship between genetics and disease outcome has been only partially established. In particular, there is weak correlation between serovar and disease phenotype. We sequenced the genomes of 212 isolates of H. parasuis and have used this to describe the pan-genome and to correlate this with clinical and carrier status, as well as with serotype. Results Recombination and population structure analyses identified five groups with very high rates of recombination, separated into two clades of H. parasuis with no signs of recombination between them. We used genome-wide association methods including discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and generalised linear modelling (glm) to look for genetic determinants of this population partition, serovar and pathogenicity. We were able to identify genes from the accessory genome that were significantly associated with phenotypes such as potential serovar specific genes including capsule genes, and 48 putative virulence factors that were significantly different between the clinical and non-clinical isolates. We also show that the presence of many previously suggested virulence factors is not an appropriate marker of virulence. Conclusions These genes will inform the generation of new molecular diagnostics and vaccines, and refinement of existing typing schemes and show the importance of the accessory genome of a diverse species when investigating the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1179) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Howell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Shi-Lu Luan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Sarah E Peters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland.
| | - David Harris
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Øystein Angen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, and, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, and, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susanna M Williamson
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK.
| | - Julian Parkhill
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Paul R Langford
- Department of Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification of putative virulence-associated genes among Haemophilus parasuis strains and the virulence difference of different serovars. Microb Pathog 2014; 77:17-23. [PMID: 25283960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining virulence-associated genes among Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) strains, and supplying for the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson serotyping scheme. The subtractive fragments, obtained through suppression subtractive hybridization and reverse Southern blot hybridization, were found to encode genes representative of 7 different functions. PCR was used to investigate the distribution of these fragments in H. parasuis strains isolated from different infection sites in pigs. Mice challenge was then used to analyze the correlationship between subtractive fragments, infection sites and bacterial virulence. Eight weeks old female BALB/c mice (10 mice/group) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 3.0 × 10(9) CFU suspension (0.5 ml/mouse) of H. parasuis strains in PBS. Results indicated that H. parasuis possessed varied virulence even among the same serovar strains. Transcription units hsdR, hsdS, gpT and ompP2, identified from the subtractive fragments, were uniformly expressed in highly virulent strains, while absent in weakly virulent strains, and demonstrated variable degrees of expression in moderately virulent strains. Moreover, H. parasuis strains, isolated from pericardium and heart blood, were all highly virulent strains, while from nasal cavity and joint were moderately or weakly virulent strains. This study indicated that fragments hsdR, hsdS, gpT and ompP2 were associated with the virulence of H. parasuis. The virulence of H. parasuis strains isolated from different infection sites was different. The current research provides a new reference for determining bacterial virulence in different H. parasuis strains.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang B, Tang C, Liao M, Yue H. Update on the pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis infection and virulence factors. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Costa-Hurtado M, Aragon V. Advances in the quest for virulence factors of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet J 2013; 198:571-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Basavanna S, Chimalapati S, Maqbool A, Rubbo B, Yuste J, Wilson RJ, Hosie A, Ogunniyi AD, Paton JC, Thomas G, Brown JS. The effects of methionine acquisition and synthesis on Streptococcus pneumoniae growth and virulence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e49638. [PMID: 23349662 PMCID: PMC3551916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens need to acquire nutrients from the host, but for many nutrients their importance during infection remain poorly understood. We have investigated the importance of methionine acquisition and synthesis for Streptococcus pneumoniae growth and virulence using strains with gene deletions affecting a putative methionine ABC transporter lipoprotein (Sp_0149, metQ) and/or methionine biosynthesis enzymes (Sp_0585 - Sp_0586, metE and metF). Immunoblot analysis confirmed MetQ was a lipoprotein and present in all S. pneumoniae strains investigated. However, vaccination with MetQ did not prevent fatal S. pneumoniae infection in mice despite stimulating a strong specific IgG response. Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that MetQ has both a high affinity and specificity for L-methionine with a KD of ∼25 nM, and a ΔmetQ strain had reduced uptake of C14-methionine. Growth of the ΔmetQ/ΔmetEF strain was greatly impaired in chemically defined medium containing low concentrations of methionine and in blood but was partially restored by addition of high concentrations of exogenous methionine. Mixed infection models showed no attenuation of the ΔmetQ, ΔmetEF and ΔmetQ/ΔmetEF strains in their ability to colonise the mouse nasopharnyx. In a mouse model of systemic infection although significant infection was established in all mice, there were reduced spleen bacterial CFU after infection with the ΔmetQ/ΔmetEF strain compared to the wild-type strain. These data demonstrate that Sp_0149 encodes a high affinity methionine ABC transporter lipoprotein and that Sp_0585 – Sp_0586 are likely to be required for methionine synthesis. Although Sp_0149 and Sp_0585-Sp_0586 make a contribution towards full virulence, neither was essential for S. pneumoniae survival during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Basavanna
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suneeta Chimalapati
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- Department of Biology (Area 10), University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Rubbo
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Hosie
- Division of Science, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Thomas
- Department of Biology (Area 10), University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Erni B. The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS): an interface between energy and signal transduction. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
Frandoloso R, Martínez-Martínez S, Yubero S, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, Gutiérrez-Martín CB. New insights in cellular immune response in colostrum-deprived pigs after immunization with subunit and commercial vaccines against Glässer's disease. Cell Immunol 2012; 277:74-82. [PMID: 22721860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four groups of colostrum-deprived pigs were immunized with Porcilis Glässer® (PG) or with subunit vaccines developed by us (rTbpA, NPAPT(M) or NPAPT(Cp)) against Glässer's disease, and they were challenged with 3×10(8)CFU of Haemophilus parasuis. A strong reduction in CD3(+)γδTCR(+) cells was seen in non-immunized control and scarcely protected (rTbpA) groups, suggesting that these cells could represent a target of H. parasuis infection. A significant increase in CD172α(+)CD163(+) cells was detected in all groups but PG, while a reduction in SLAIIDR(+) molecules expression was observed after challenge in control animals. Significant increases in CD3ε(+)CD8α(+)CD8β(+) and B cells were detected respectively in control and NPAPT groups, and in scarcely (rTbpA) and well-protected (NPAPT(M) and NPAPT(Cp)) groups. Finally, a greater response in CD4(+)CD8α(-) cells was observed in NPAPT(Cp) compared to NPAPT(M) and PG groups. These results state the potential of NPAPT antigen for developing effective vaccines against Glässer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Frandoloso
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Animal Health, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou M, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Jin M. Haemophilus parasuis encodes two functional cytolethal distending toxins: CdtC contains an atypical cholesterol recognition/interaction region. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32580. [PMID: 22412890 PMCID: PMC3296717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease of pigs, a disease associated with fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. We report here H. parasuis encodes two copies of cytolethal distending toxins (Cdts), which these two Cdts showed the uniform toxin activity in vitro. We demonstrate that three Cdt peptides can form an active tripartite holotoxin that exhibits maximum cellular toxicity, and CdtA and CdtB form a more active toxin than CdtB and CdtC. Moreover, the cellular toxicity is associated with the binding of Cdt subunits to cells. Further analysis indicates that CdtC subunit contains an atypical cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) region. The mutation of CRAC site resulted in decreased cell toxicity. Finally, western blot analysis show all the 15 H. parasuis reference strains and 109 clinical isolates expressed CdtB subunit, indicating that Cdt is a conservative putative virulence factor for H. parasuis. This is the first report of the molecular and cellular basis of Cdt host interactions in H. parasuis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Assavacheep P, Assavacheep A, Turni C. Detection of a putative hemolysin operon, hhdBA, of Haemophilus parasuis from pigs with Glässer disease. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:339-43. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711435805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S ribosomal (r)RNA and a putative hemolysin gene operon, hhdBA, can be used to monitor live pigs for the presence of Haemophilus parasuis and predict the virulence of the strains present. Nasal cavity swabs were taken from 30 live, healthy, 1- to 8-week-old pigs on a weekly cycle from a commercial Thai nursery pig herd. A total of 27 of these pigs (90%) tested positive for H. parasuis as early as week 1 of age. None of the H. parasuis–positive samples from healthy pigs was positive for the hhdBA genes. At the same pig nursery, swab samples from nasal cavity, tonsil, trachea, and lung, and exudate samples from pleural/peritoneal cavity were taken from 30 dead pigs displaying typical pathological lesions consistent with Glässer disease. Twenty-two of 140 samples (15.7%) taken from 30 diseased pigs yielded a positive result for H. parasuis. Samples from the exudate (27%) yielded the most positive results, followed by lung, tracheal swab, tonsil, and nasal swab, respectively. Out of 22 positive samples, 12 samples (54.5%) harbored hhdA and/or hhdB genes. Detection rates of hhdA were higher than hhdB. None of the H. parasuis–positive samples taken from nasal cavity of diseased pigs tested positive for hhdBA genes. More work is required to determine if the detection of hhdBA genes is useful for identifying the virulence potential of H. parasuis field isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornchalit Assavacheep
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand (P Assavacheep)
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand (A Assavacheep)
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia (Turni)
| | - Anongnart Assavacheep
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand (P Assavacheep)
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand (A Assavacheep)
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia (Turni)
| | - Conny Turni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand (P Assavacheep)
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand (A Assavacheep)
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia (Turni)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Evidence of the adaptive response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 14 years of incubation in seawater. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
22
|
Development and characterization of protective Haemophilus parasuis subunit vaccines based on native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin and comparison with other subunit and commercial vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:50-8. [PMID: 20926701 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00314-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in pigs. In this study, we have characterized native outer membrane proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (NPAPT) from H. parasuis serovar 5, Nagasaki strain. This pool of proteins was used as antigen to developed two vaccine formulations: one was adjuvanted with a mineral oil (Montanide IMS 2215 VG PR), while the other was potentiated with a bacterial neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens. The potential protective effect conferred by these two vaccines was compared to that afforded by two other vaccines, consisting of recombinant transferrin-binding protein (rTbp) A or B fragments from H. parasuis, Nagasaki strain, and by a commercially available inactivated vaccine. Five groups of colostrum-deprived piglets immunized with the vaccines described above, one group per each vaccine, and a group of nonvaccinated control animals were challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose (3 × 10⁸ CFU) of H. parasuis, Nagasaki strain. The two vaccines containing rTbps yielded similar results with minimal protection against death, clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and H. parasuis invasion. In contrast, the two vaccines composed of NPAPT antigen and commercial bacterin resulted in a strong protection against challenge (without deaths and clinical signs), mild histopathological changes, and no recovery of H. parasuis, thus suggesting their effectiveness in preventing Glässer's disease outbreaks caused by serovar 5.
Collapse
|
23
|
Correlation between clinico-pathological outcome and typing of Haemophilus parasuis field strains. Vet Microbiol 2010; 142:387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Zhou H, Yang B, Xu F, Chen X, Wang J, Blackall PJ, Zhang P, Xia Y, Zhang J, Ma R. Identification of putative virulence-associated genes of Haemophilus parasuis through suppression subtractive hybridization. Vet Microbiol 2010; 144:377-83. [PMID: 20171024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease. Up to now 15 serovars of H. parasuis have been identified, with significant differences existing in virulence between serovars. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify the genetic difference between Nagasaki (H. parasuis serovar 5 reference strain, highly virulent) and SW114 (H. parasuis serovar 3 reference strain, non-virulent). A total of 191 clones were obtained from the SSH library. Using dot hybridization and PCR, 15 clones were identified containing fragments that were present in the Nagasaki genome while absent in the SW114 genome. Among these 15 fragments, three fragments (ssh1, ssh13, ssh15) encode cell surface-associated components; three fragments (ssh2, ssh5, ssh9) are associated with metabolism and stress response; one fragment (ssh8) is involved in assembly of fimbria and one fragment (ssh6) is a phage phi-105 ORF25-like protein. The remaining seven fragments are hypothetical proteins or unknown. Based on PCR analysis of the 15 serovar reference strains, eight fragments (ssh1, ssh2, ssh3, ssh6, ssh8, ssh10, ssh11 and ssh12) were found in three to five of most virulent serovars (1, 5, 10, 12, 13 and 14), zero to two in three moderately virulent serovars (2, 4 and 15), but absent in the low virulent serovar (8) and non-virulent serovars (3, 6, 7, 9 and 11). In vivo transcription fragments ssh1, ssh2, ssh8 and ssh12 were identified in total RNA samples extracted from experimental infected pig lung by RT-PCR. This study has provided some evidence of genetic differences between H. parasuis strains of different virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Olvera A, Pina S, Pérez-Simó M, Oliveira S, Bensaid A. Virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of Haemophilus parasuis are antigenic proteins expressed in vivo. Vet Res 2009; 41:26. [PMID: 19995512 PMCID: PMC2820231 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glässer’s disease is a re-emerging swine disease characterized by a severe septicaemia. Vaccination has been widely used to control the disease, although there is a lack of extended cross-protection. Trimeric autotransporters, a family of surface exposed proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions, are good vaccine candidates. Members of this family have been described in Haemophilus parasuis and designated as virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (VtaA). In this work, we produced 15 recombinant VtaA passenger domains and looked for the presence of antibodies directed against them in immune sera by immunoblotting. After infection with a subclinical dose of H. parasuis Nagasaki, an IgG mediated antibody response against 6 (VtaA1, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10) of the 13 VtaA of the Nagasaki strain was detected, indicating that they are expressed in vivo. IgA production against VtaA was detected in only one animal. VtaA were more likely to be late antigens when compared to early (Omp P5 and Omp P6) and late (YaeT) defined antigens. Antibody cross-reaction with two orthologs of Nagasaki’s VtaA5 and 6, VtaA15 and 16 of strain HP1319, was also detected. No antibodies against VtaA were detected in the sera of animals immunized with a bacterin of the Nagasaki strain, suggesting poor expression in the in vitro conditions used. Taken together, these results indicate that VtaA are good candidate immunogens that could be used to improve H. parasuis vaccines. However, their capacity to confer protective immunity needs to be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Olvera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Edifici CReSA, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou M, Guo Y, Zhao J, Hu Q, Hu Y, Zhang A, Chen H, Jin M. Identification and characterization of novel immunogenic outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. Vaccine 2009; 27:5271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
27
|
Characterization and comparative analysis of the genes encoding Haemophilus parasuis outer membrane proteins P2 and P5. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:5988-6002. [PMID: 19633080 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00469-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a swine pathogen of significant industry concern, but little is known about how the organism causes disease. A related human pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, has been better studied, and many of its virulence factors have been identified. Two of these, outer membrane proteins P2 and P5, are known to have important virulence properties. The goals of this study were to identify, analyze, and compare the genetic relatedness of orthologous genes encoding P2 and P5 proteins in a diverse group of 35 H. parasuis strains. Genes encoding P2 and P5 proteins were detected in all H. parasuis strains evaluated. The predicted amino acid sequences for both P2 and P5 proteins exhibit considerable heterogeneity, particularly in regions corresponding to predicted extracellular loops. Twenty-five variants of P2 and 17 variants of P5 were identified. The P2 proteins of seven strains were predicted to contain a highly conserved additional extracellular loop compared to the remaining strains and to H. influenzae P2. Antigenic-site predictions coincided with predicted extracellular loop regions of both P2 and P5. Neighbor-joining trees constructed using P2 and P5 sequences predicted divergent evolutionary histories distinct from those predicted by a multilocus sequence typing phylogeny based on partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR indicated that both genes are expressed in all of the strains.
Collapse
|
28
|
Olvera A, Ballester M, Nofrarías M, Sibila M, Aragon V. Differences in phagocytosis susceptibility in Haemophilus parasuis strains. Vet Res 2009; 40:24. [PMID: 19239855 PMCID: PMC2695031 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs, but virulent strains can cause a systemic infection characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, commonly known as Glässer’s disease. The variability in virulence that is observed among H. parasuis strains is not completely understood, since the virulence mechanisms of H. parasuis are largely unknown. In the course of infection, H. parasuis has to survive the host pulmonary defences, which include alveolar macrophages, to produce disease. Using strains from different clinical backgrounds, we were able to detect clear differences in susceptibility to phagocytosis. Strains isolated from the nose of healthy animals were efficiently phagocytosed by porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM), while strains isolated from systemic lesions were resistant to this interaction. Phagocytosis of susceptible strains proceeded through mechanisms independent of a specific receptor, which involved actin filaments and microtubules. In all the systemic strains tested in this study, we observed a distinct capsule after interaction with PAM, indicating a role of this surface structure in phagocytosis resistance. However, additional mechanisms of resistance to phagocytosis should be explored, since we detected different effects of microtubule inhibition among systemic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Olvera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen H, Li C, Fang M, Zhu M, Li X, Zhou R, Li K, Zhao S. Understanding Haemophilus parasuis infection in porcine spleen through a transcriptomics approach. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:64. [PMID: 19196461 PMCID: PMC2660370 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) is an important swine pathogen that causes Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and arthritis. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of the disease remain poorly understood, particularly the resistance of porcine immune system to HPS invasion. In this study, we investigated the global changes in gene expression in the spleen following HPS infection using the Affymetrix Porcine Genechip™. Results A total of 931 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were identified in the porcine spleen 7 days after HPS infection; of these, 92 unique genes showed differential expression patterns based on analysis using BLASTX and Gene Ontology. The DE genes involved in the immune response included genes for inflammasomes (RETN, S100A8, S100A9, S100A12), adhesion molecules (CLDN3, CSPG2, CD44, LGALS8), transcription factors (ZBTB16, SLC39A14, CEBPD, CEBPB), acute-phase proteins and complement (SAA1, LTF, HP, C3), differentiation genes for epithelial cells and keratinocytes (TGM1, MS4A8B, CSTA), and genes related to antigen processing and presentation (HLA-B, HLA-DRB1). Further immunostimulation analyses indicated that mRNA levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 in porcine PK-15 cells increased within 48 h and were sustained after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) respectively. In addition, mapping of DE genes to porcine health traits QTL regions showed that 70 genes were distributed in 7 different known porcine QTL regions. Finally, 10 DE genes were validated by quantitative PCR. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized changes in gene transcription that are associated with HPS infection in vivo, and many potential cascades identified in the study clearly merit further investigation. Our data provide new clues to the nature of the immune response in mammals, and we have identified candidate genes that are related to resistance to HPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jin H, Wan Y, Zhou R, Li L, Luo R, Zhang S, Hu J, Langford PR, Chen H. Identification of genes transcribed byHaemophilus parasuisin necrotic porcine lung through the selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS). Environ Microbiol 2008; 10:3326-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
31
|
Wu Z, Zhang W, Lu C. Comparative proteome analysis of secreted proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 9 isolates from diseased and healthy pigs. Microb Pathog 2008; 45:159-66. [PMID: 18554861 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen responsible for a variety of human diseases. Investigations of virulence factors have focused on S. suis serotype 2 strains (SS2), which are the most invasive isolates worldwide. However, S. suis serotype 9 (SS9) is also a prevalent serotype. Unlike SS2, little is known about virulence factors for SS9. The two strains, GZ0565 and SH040917, were isolated from a diseased pig and a healthy pig, respectively. The virulence of these two SS9 strains was evaluated in zebrafish. The 50% lethal dose value of strain GZ0565 was 3.8x10(5)cfu/fish, while zebrafish injected with strain SH040917 exhibited no mortalities. For revealing proteins probably involved in different pathogenicity, a comparative proteomics approach was used to distinguish between the two-dimensional electrophoresis profiles of secreted proteins in two strains. With the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, protein spots that were unique to strain GZ0565 were identified, and led to the identification of 13 candidate proteins. The largest proportion of these proteins was metabolism-related. Five of the proteins are putative virulence-associated factors: DNA nuclease, o-acetylserine lyase, peptidoglycan-binding LysM, phosphoglycerate mutase, and putative 5'-nucleotidase. These findings contribute to the understanding of SS9 pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongfu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
An R, Sreevatsan S, Grewal PS. Moraxella osloensis gene expression in the slug host Deroceras reticulatum. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:19. [PMID: 18226222 PMCID: PMC2266756 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterium Moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. In nature, P. hermaphrodita vectors M. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug host Deroceras reticulatum in which the bacteria multiply and kill the slug. As M. osloensis is the main killing agent, genes expressed by M. osloensis in the slug are likely to play important roles in virulence. Studies on pathogenic interactions between bacteria and lower order hosts are few, but such studies have the potential to shed light on the evolution of bacterial virulence. Therefore, we investigated such an interaction by determining gene expression of M. osloensis in its slug host D. reticulatum by selectively capturing transcribed sequences. Results Thirteen M. osloensis genes were identified to be up-regulated post infection in D. reticulatum. Compared to the in vitro expressed genes in the stationary phase, we found that genes of ubiquinone synthetase (ubiS) and acyl-coA synthetase (acs) were up-regulated in both D. reticulatum and stationary phase in vitro cultures, but the remaining 11 genes were exclusively expressed in D. reticulatum and are hence infection specific. Mutational analysis on genes of protein-disulfide isomerase (dsbC) and ubiS showed that the virulence of both mutants to slugs was markedly reduced and could be complemented. Further, compared to the growth rate of wild-type M. osloensis, the dsbC and ubiS mutants showed normal and reduced growth rate in vitro, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that 11 out of the 13 up-regulated M. osloensis genes are infection specific. Distribution of these identified genes in various bacterial pathogens indicates that the virulence genes are conserved among different pathogen-host interactions. Mutagenesis, growth rate and virulence bioassays further confirmed that ubiS and dsbC genes play important roles in M. osloensis survival and virulence, respectively in D. reticulatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng An
- Entomology Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sperandio B, Gautier C, McGovern S, Ehrlich DS, Renault P, Martin-Verstraete I, Guédon E. Control of methionine synthesis and uptake by MetR and homocysteine in Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:7032-44. [PMID: 17675375 PMCID: PMC2045202 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00703-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MetR (formerly Smu.1225), a regulator of the LysR family, controls key genes for methionine supply in Streptococcus mutans. An S. mutans metR mutant is unable to transport l-methionine and to grow in the absence of this amino acid. Accordingly, MetR activates transcription by binding to the promoter regions of two gene clusters and smu.1487, whose products are involved in methionine biosynthesis (MetEF and Smu.1487) and uptake (AtmBDE). Transcriptional activation by MetR requires the presence of a 17-bp palindromic sequence, the Met box. Base substitutions in the Met box hinder the formation of a MetR-DNA complex and abolish MetR-dependent activation, showing that Met boxes correspond to MetR recognition sites. Activation by MetR occurs in methionine-depleted medium and is rapidly triggered under nonactivating conditions by the addition of homocysteine. This intermediate of methionine biosynthesis increases the affinity of MetR for DNA in vitro and appears to be the MetR coeffector in vivo. Homocysteine plays a crucial role in methionine metabolic gene regulation by controlling MetR activity. A similar mechanism of homocysteine- and MetR-dependent control of methionine biosynthetic genes operates in S. thermophilus. These data suggest a common mechanism for the regulation of the methionine supply in streptococci. However, some streptococcal species are unable to synthesize the homocysteine coeffector. This intriguing feature is discussed in the light of comparative genomics and streptococcal ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Sperandio
- Laboratoire de Génétique Microbienne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Olvera A, Segalés J, Aragón V. Update on the diagnosis of Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs and novel genotyping methods. Vet J 2006; 174:522-9. [PMID: 17175186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis causes Glässer's disease as well as a number of other diseases in pigs. The diagnosis of H. parasuis-associated disease is usually established by clinical signs, pathological findings and bacterial isolation but diagnosis is complicated by the existence of non-virulent strains and the early colonisation of the upper respiratory tract of healthy piglets. Moreover, several strains can be found on a farm and even within a single animal so it is important to determine the specific strain that is causing the clinical outbreak. Recently, genotyping methods have been developed with the goal of correlating genotype with the degree of virulence of H. parasuis strains. The association between genotype and virulence in H. parasuis is challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the complete genomic sequence and virulence factors of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Olvera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lancashire JF, Turni C, Blackall PJ, Jennings MP. Rapid and efficient screening of a Representational Difference Analysis library using reverse Southern hybridisation: identification of genetic differences between Haemophilus parasuis isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 68:326-30. [PMID: 17084930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) is an established technique used for isolation of specific genetic differences between or within bacterial species. This method was used to investigate the genetic basis of serovar-specificity and the relationship between serovar and virulence in Haemophilus parasuis. An RDA clone library of 96 isolates was constructed using H. parasuis strains H425(P) (serovar 12) and HS1967 (serovar 4). To screen such a large clone library to determine which clones are strain-specific would typically involved separately labelling each clone for use in Southern hybridisation against genomic DNA from each of the strains. In this study, a novel application of reverse Southern hybridisation was used to screen the RDA library: genomic DNA from each strain was labelled and used to probe the library to identify strain-specific clones. This novel approach represents a significant improvement in methodology that is rapid and efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Lancashire
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vanier G, Szczotka A, Friedl P, Lacouture S, Jacques M, Gottschalk M. Haemophilus parasuis invades porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2006; 152:135-142. [PMID: 16385123 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, an important swine pathogen, is the aetiological agent of Glässer's disease. It is responsible for cases of polyserositis, meningitis and pneumonia in young pigs. To date, 15 serotypes have been described, although several non-typable isolates are frequently recovered from diseased animals. The pathogenesis of H. parasuis infection is poorly understood. To cause meningitis, H. parasuis would have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of H. parasuis to interact with porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells (PBMEC). It was demonstrated that the serotype 5 reference strain of H. parasuis, Nagasaki (originally recovered from a case of meningitis), was able to adhere at very high levels to and, most importantly, invade PBMEC. These capacities were confirmed by electron microscopy. Actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae serotype 7 (strain WF 83), used as negative control, was not able to adhere to or invade PBMEC. Comparisons of the levels of adhesion and invasion by several H. parasuis field strains from different serotypes isolated from cases of either meningitis or pneumonia showed that isolates of serotypes 4 and 5 had a higher invasion capacity than isolates belonging to other serotypes. Inhibition studies demonstrated that PBMEC invasion by H. parasuis required rearrangement of actin microfilaments and microtubular cytoskeletal elements but not active bacterial DNA, RNA or protein synthesis. Characterization studies demonstrated that proteinaceous invasin(s) does not seem to play a major role in entry of H. parasuis into PBMEC. Intracellular viable H. parasuis were found in PBMEC up to 6 h after antibiotic treatment. Even at high bacterial doses, H. parasuis was not toxic to PBMEC. In swine, the invasion of endothelial cells of the BBB may play an important role in the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by H. parasuis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghyslaine Vanier
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Szczotka
- Canadian Research Network on Bacterial Pathogens of Swine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Friedl
- Institute für Biochemie, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 22, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Canadian Research Network on Bacterial Pathogens of Swine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Canadian Research Network on Bacterial Pathogens of Swine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sperandio B, Polard P, Ehrlich DS, Renault P, Guédon E. Sulfur amino acid metabolism and its control in Lactococcus lactis IL1403. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:3762-78. [PMID: 15901700 PMCID: PMC1112055 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.11.3762-3778.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine and methionine availability influences many processes in the cell. In bacteria, transcription of the specific genes involved in the synthesis of these two amino acids is usually regulated by different mechanisms or regulators. Pathways for the synthesis of cysteine and methionine and their interconversion were experimentally determined for Lactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacterium commonly found in food. A new gene, yhcE, was shown to be involved in methionine recycling to cysteine. Surprisingly, 18 genes, representing almost all genes of these pathways, are under the control of a LysR-type activator, FhuR, also named CmbR. DNA microarray experiments showed that FhuR targets are restricted to this set of 18 genes clustered in seven transcriptional units, while cysteine starvation modifies the transcription level of several other genes potentially involved in oxidoreduction processes. Purified FhuR binds a 13-bp box centered 46 to 53 bp upstream of the transcriptional starts from the seven regulated promoters, while a second box with the same consensus is present upstream of the first binding box, separated by 8 to 10 bp. O-Acetyl serine increases FhuR binding affinity to its binding boxes. The overall view of sulfur amino acid metabolism and its regulation in L. lactis indicates that CysE could be a master enzyme controlling the activity of FhuR by providing its effector, while other controls at the enzymatic level appear to be necessary to compensate the absence of differential regulation of the genes involved in the interconversion of methionine and cysteine and other biosynthesis genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Sperandio
- Génétique Microbienne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Del Rio ML, Navas-Mendez J, Gutierrez-Martin CB, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI, Rodriguez-Ferri EF. Identification of sulI allele of dihydropteroate synthase by representational difference analysis in Haemophilus parasuis serovar 2. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 40:436-42. [PMID: 15892739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Identification of genes differentially present in Haemophilus parasuis serovar 2 by representational difference analysis (RDA). METHODS AND RESULTS Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, cleaved with Sau3AI and ligated to oligonucleotide adapter pair. The optimal tester (H. parasuis serovar 2)/driver ratio (H. parasuis serovars 1, 3 and 5) for the hybridization was established and the mixture was hybridized, and amplified by PCR. The products were cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10 cells and checked for specificity by Southern blotting analysis. The RDA subtractive technique yielded six bands ranging from 1500 to 200 bp, which were cloned into pCR II-TOPO vector and 40 clones were analysed. A fragment of 369 bp was specific for H. parasuis serovar 2, and showed 99% homology to sulI gene encoding for dihydropteroate synthase (dhps). The dhps gene conferring sulfonamide resistance was detected in H. parasuis serovar 2 but was absent in serovars 1, 3, 5 and in most of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes (except serotype 7). CONCLUSION sulI allele of dihydropteroate synthase has been identified in H. parasuis serovar 2 by RDA technique. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The RDA technique seems to be an useful method for the identification of genes that are differentially present in H. parasuis, a respiratory pathogen of veterinary interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Del Rio
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Turni C, Blackall PJ. Comparison of the indirect haemagglutination and gel diffusion test for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Microbiol 2005; 106:145-51. [PMID: 15737484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and gel diffusion (GD) tests for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis by the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson (KRG) scheme. All 15 serovar reference strains, 72 Australian field isolates, nine Chinese field isolates, and seven isolates from seven experimentally infected pigs were evaluated with both tests. With the IHA test, 14 of the 15 reference strains were correctly serotyped-with serovar 10 failing to give a titre with serovar 10 antiserum. In the GD test, 13 reference strains were correctly serotyped-with antigen from serovars 7 and 8 failing to react with any antiserum. The IHA methodology serotyped a total of 45 of 81 field isolates while the GD methodology serotyped a total of 48 isolates. For 29 isolates, the GD and IHA methods gave discordant results. It was concluded that the IHA is a good additional test for the serotyping of H. parasuis by the KRG scheme if the GD methodology fails to provide a result or shows unusual cross-reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Turni
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Queensland, Animal Research Institute, Locked Mail Bag No 4, Moorooka, Qld 4105, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bigas A, Garrido ME, de Rozas AMP, Badiola I, Barbé J, Llagostera M. Development of a genetic manipulation system for Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Microbiol 2004; 105:223-8. [PMID: 15708819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and an important respiratory-tract pathogen of swine, which is the etiological agent of Glasser's disease. Because no genetic manipulation system is available for H. parasuis so far, in vivo studies about the role of its genes involved in virulence are unfeasible. Here we demonstrate that H. parasuis has a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent natural transformation system that enables the uptake of DNA in which the ACCGAACTC sequence signal must be present. After improving DNA transformation parameters, such as cAMP and DNA concentration and exposition time of the exogenous DNA, a knockout mutant of H. parasuis defective in the thy gene, encoding the thymidylate synthase enzyme, has been constructed. Data presented in this work open the possibility for the functional analysis of genes involved in the infectious process of this animal pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Baltes N, Gerlach GF. Identification of genes transcribed by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in necrotic porcine lung tissue by using selective capture of transcribed sequences. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6711-6. [PMID: 15501809 PMCID: PMC523062 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.11.6711-6716.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes expressed by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in necrotic porcine lung tissue were identified by selective capture of transcribed sequences analysis. In total, 46 genes were identified, 20 of which have been previously reported to be associated with in vivo expression or virulence in A. pleuropneumoniae or in other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Baltes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Angen O, Svensmark B, Mittal KR. Serological characterization of Danish Haemophilus parasuis isolates. Vet Microbiol 2004; 103:255-8. [PMID: 15504597 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Revised: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 103 Danish Haemophilus parasuis field isolates was collected from diseased pigs in connection with routine diagnostics. The isolates were serotyped using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and for 57 of the isolates the serotyping was also performed by immunodiffusion. Serovar 5 was the most prevalent (36%), followed by serovar 4 (13%) and serovar 13 (22%), whereas 15% of the strains were nontypeable by IHA. Serovars 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, and 15 were only represented by a small number of isolates. Most of the Danish isolates belong to serovars, which earlier have been shown to be virulent. The strains could be divided into two groups depending on whether they were isolated from cases with systemic disease (polyserositis, arthritis or meningitis) or if they only were found in the lower respiratory tract. The most marked differences were observed for serovar 4, which had a higher prevalence in respiratory disease compared to systemic infection, and for the nontypeable isolates, which were mainly found in cases of systemic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oystein Angen
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|