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Li J, Liang P, Song H, Yu X, Hu S, Wang J, Cheng C, Zhao Y, Su Z. A colorimetric sensor with dual-ratio and dual-mode for detection of nicotine in tobacco samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6377-6384. [PMID: 37869902 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01571h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine (NIC) is a harmful substance, drug, pesticide and chemical that is widely found in tobacco. It has carcinogenic, teratogenic and neurotoxic effects that have raised serious concerns. Herein, a colorimetric sensor with dual-ratio and dual-mode for the detection of NIC in tobacco samples was reported. The localized surface plasmon resonance signals of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and AuNPs-NIC are used as dual-ratio signals. The absorbance ratio of NIC to AuNPs or the absorbance ratio of NIC to AuNPs-NIC and the wavelength shift value of AuNPs-NIC are applied as dual-mode. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, and potentiostatic methods were used to characterize the sensor. Further analysis of NIC was conducted through morphological fitting and theoretical calculations. Under optimal conditions, the sensor shows a wide linear range of 5-500 μM. The detection limits for NIC are 2.48 μM, 1.63 μM and 1.34 μM, respectively. The experimental result shows that the dual-ratio signal of AuNPs and AuNPs-NIC has good selectivity and sensitivity, and can effectively reduce the interference of impurities on NIC detection. And the dual-mode of detection for NIC improves the accuracy and comparability of the result significantly. In addition, the proposed sensor was also applied to test NIC in tobacco samples with satisfactory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Pengcheng Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Huijuan Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Xia Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Shiyu Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Cong Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhaohong Su
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
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Kamalasekaran K, Magesh V, Atchudan R, Arya S, Sundramoorthy AK. Development of Electrochemical Sensor Using Iron (III) Phthalocyanine/Gold Nanoparticle/Graphene Hybrid Film for Highly Selective Determination of Nicotine in Human Salivary Samples. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37754073 PMCID: PMC10527255 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the one of the major addictive substances; the overdose of nicotine (NIC) consumption causes increasing heart rate, blood pressure, stroke, lung cancer, and respiratory illnesses. In this study, we have developed a precise and sensitive electrochemical sensor for nicotine detection in saliva samples. It was built on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene (Gr), iron (III) phthalocyanine-4,4',4″,4'''-tetrasulfonic acid (Fe(III)Pc), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE). The AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by using FE-SEM, EDX, and E-mapping techniques to confirm the composite formation as well as the even distribution of elements. Furthermore, the newly prepared AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE-nanocomposite-based sensor was used to detect the nicotine in phosphate-buffered solution (0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4). The AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE-based sensor offered a linear response against NIC from 0.5 to 27 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 17 nM using the amperometry (i-t curve) technique. This electrochemical sensor demonstrated astounding selectivity and sensitivity during NIC detection in the presence of common interfering molecules in 0.1 M PBS. Moreover, the effect of pH on NIC electro-oxidation was studied, which indicated that PBS with pH 7.4 was the best medium for NIC determination. Finally, the AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE sensor was used to accurately determine NIC concentration in human saliva samples, and the recovery percentages were also calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kamalasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai 600066, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vasanth Magesh
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Rajendran J, Sundramoorthy AK, Ganapathy D, Atchudan R, Habila MA, Nallaswamy D. 2D MXene/graphene nanocomposite preparation and its electrochemical performance towards the identification of nicotine level in human saliva. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129705. [PMID: 35963090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of neurological drugs is critical since the kinetics of body fluids is strongly dependent on the dosage of the drug levels. Thus, the study of neurological medicines is significant because of the major diseases connected to it, for instance, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Herein, a 2D hybrid MXene/graphene (MX/Gr) film was synthesized through a top-down approach and utilized to prepare an electrochemical transducer for the electrochemical sensing of nicotine. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful incorporation of MX with Gr sheets. The high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to confirm the formation of MX, graphene sheets and the MX/Gr hybrid film. Furthermore, the MX/Gr hybrid film composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared to selectively detect the nicotine in phosphate buffer medium (0.1 M PBS, pH~7.4). Under the optimized condition, the MX/Gr/GCE based sensor provided a linear response against nicotine from 1 to 55 µM and 30 nM - 600 nM with the lowest limit of detections (LOD) of 290 nM and 0.28 nM by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry, respectively. This newly developed MX/Gr hybrid film modified electrode displayed a remarkable selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility for accurate detection of nicotine. Finally, this new sensor was applied to detect nicotine in human/artificial saliva samples with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Rajendran
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, 4418 Engineering Hall, The University of California, Irvine, USA; Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tiwari A, Yadav M, Singh D, Ganesan V. Nafion‐multi‐walled carbon nanotubes supported tris(bipyridyl)iron(II) for nicotine detection. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zaki M, Shafie E, Abdel-Gawad S, Fekry A, Saad R, shehata M. Mn/Cu nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode as a novel electrochemical sensor for nicotine detection. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Alhusban AA, Hammad AM, Alzaghari LF. Simple HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of nicotine and cotinine levels in rat plasma after exposure to two different tobacco products. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Development and validation of a selective analytical method to accurately and precisely quantify nicotine and cotinine levels in rat's plasma after exposure to tobacco cigarettes and tobacco water-pipe.
Methods
An easy HPLC-Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine levels in plasma of 15 rats (10 rats after tobacco products exposure and 5 control rats). Nicotine and cotinine were extracted in one step from plasma using acetonitrile and concentrated to lowest volume using nitrogen stream.
Results
The developed method offered a rapid analysis time of 14 min with single step of analytes extraction from rat's plasma with recovery percentage range between 93 and 95% and excellent linearity with correlation factor more than 0.994 with analytical range between 50 and 1000 ng mL−1 and LOD of 25 ng mL−1 and 23 ng mL−1 for nicotine and cotinine, respectively. The analysis of rat's plasma after 28 days of exposure to tobacco cigarettes and tobacco water-pipe revealed that the average concentrations of 376 ng mL−1 for cotinine and 223 ng mL−1 for nicotine were obtained after tobacco cigarettes exposure, and 220 ng mL−1 for cotinine and 192 ng mL−1 for nicotine after tobacco water-pipe exposure.
Conclusion
Higher nicotine and cotinine levels were found in plasma after tobacco cigarettes exposure than water-pipe exposure which may have potential undesirable effects on passive smokers in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala A. Alhusban
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lujain F. Alzaghari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Cao J, Zhai Y, Tang W, Guo X, Wen Y, Yang H. ZnO Tips Dotted with Au Nanoparticles-Advanced SERS Determination of Trace Nicotine. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:465. [PMID: 34821681 PMCID: PMC8615426 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to nicotine causes a variety of human diseases, such as lung damage/adenocarcinoma, nausea and vomiting, headache, incontinence and heart failure. In this work, as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, zinc oxide (ZnO) tips decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are fabricated and designated as ZnO/Au. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect of a ZnO semiconductor with morphology of tips and AuNPs, the ZnO/Au-based SERS assay for nicotine demonstrates high sensitivity and the limit of detection 8.9 × 10-12 mol/L is reached, as well as the corresponding linear dynamic detection range of 10-10-10-6 mol/L. Additionally, the signal reproducibility offered by the SERS substrate could realize the reliable determination of trace nicotine in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanxin Tang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Y.W.)
| | | | | | - Haifeng Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.); (Y.W.)
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Cheng YD, Bai YX, Jia M, Chen Y, Wang D, Wu T, Wang G, Yang HW. Potential risks of nicotine on the germination, growth, and nutritional properties of broad bean. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111797. [PMID: 33340958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the allelopathy, uptake and accumulation, and potential agricultural and food safety risks of nicotine in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) during seed germination and seedling growth. Nicotine stress has an allelopathic inhibitory effect on seeds and a hormesis effect on germinated seeds and seedlings, which has an enhancement effect (<50 mg kg-1) and an inhibition effect (>100 mg kg-1) on the germinated seeds and an enhancement effect (<100 mg kg-1) and an inhibition effect (>200 mg kg-1) on the seedlings. Exogenous nicotine can be absorbed by broad bean roots from nicotine-contaminated soil and accumulated in the main organs of the seedlings, especially the leaves, which exceeded the maximum residue level (0.03 mg kg-1 DW) at 50 mg kg-1. Moreover, nicotine resulted in a bitter taste in the edible broad bean leaves, disrupting the balance of basic nutritional properties, decreasing sucrose, and increasing bitter substances such as choline and procyanidin. These results demonstrated that residual nicotine in the soil not only poses potential risks to sustainable agricultural development but also a food safety risk for consumers. The present study provides insight into the potential risks of nicotine in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Cheng
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bai
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Meng Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., LTD. Kunming 650231, China
| | - Ge Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China.
| | - Huan-Wen Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China.
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Jerome R, Sundramoorthy AK. Preparation of hexagonal boron nitride doped graphene film modified sensor for selective electrochemical detection of nicotine in tobacco sample. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1132:110-120. [PMID: 32980101 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The selective detection of nicotine is necessary in biological and biomedical samples to screen the patients who has the neurodegenerative diseases due to tobacco addiction. For this purpose, we have synthesized a hybrid binary composite made of 2D hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BN) doped graphene film via a scalable top-down technique for the electrochemical detection of nicotine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that layered graphene sheets bounded with BN nanosheets. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible (UV-vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS) confirmed successful integration of BN within graphene. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite was tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which showed high electrical conductivity of BN/graphene coated electrode with low charge transfer resistance. To develop a selective nicotine sensor, glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was coated with BN/graphene hybrid film and tested its electro-catalytic activity against nicotine. It was found that BN/graphene/GCE based sensor exhibited excellent electro-catalytic activity for nicotine oxidation at lower potential of +0.97 V in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0) and the linear response was observed from 1 to 1000 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated as 0.42 μM. The common interferent compounds such as uric acid (UA), paracetamol (PA), glucose (Glu), melamine (Mel), cysteine (Cys) and dopamine (DA) did not interfere on the sensor selectivity. Furthermore, BN/graphene/GCE exhibited high stability and reproducibility. Finally, BN/graphene/GCE-based sensor was successfully applied to detect nicotine in a tobacco sample with high recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jerome
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lin B, Chen J, Zeng Y, Li L, Qiu B, Lin Z, Guo L. A Facile Approach for On-Site Evaluation of Nicotine in Tobacco and Environmental Tobacco Smoke. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1844-1850. [PMID: 31250643 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is highly addictive and harmful. It is one of the main active ingredients in tobacco and a major pollutant in environmental tobacco smoke. Thus, it is important to detect the nicotine content in tobacco and to monitor the nicotine content in environmental tobacco smoke. However, until present, there still has been no effective device for on-site determination of nicotine content in tobacco and environmental tobacco smoke. In this work, a portable device is fabricated for sensitive on-site evaluation of nicotine in tobacco and environmental tobacco smoke based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The weight of the entire device is less than 1 kg, and it uses a chargeable battery to drive both the pump and the Raman spectrometer. The total analysis time can be completed within 3-5 min. Thus, it has great potential for on-site analysis of nicotine in tobacco and environmental tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Lin
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, and College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , 350116 , China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, and College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , 350116 , China
| | - Yanbo Zeng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, and College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , 350116 , China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, and College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , 350116 , China
| | - Longhua Guo
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, and College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , 350116 , China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , People's Republic of China
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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Organophosphate Pesticide Absorption and Toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6204-6213. [PMID: 27520820 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01510-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture can pose health risks to humans and wildlife. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, a genus of commensal bacteria, would reduce absorption and toxicity of consumed organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos [CP]). Several Lactobacillus species were screened for toleration of 100 ppm of CP or parathion in MRS broth based on 24-h growth curves. Certain Lactobacillus strains were unable to reach stationary-phase culture maxima and displayed an abnormal culture morphology in response to pesticide. Further characterization of commonly used, pesticide-tolerant and pesticide-susceptible, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) and L. rhamnosus strain GR-1 (LGR-1), respectively, revealed that both strains could significantly sequester organophosphate pesticides from solution after 24-h coincubations. This effect was independent of metabolic activity, as L. rhamnosus GG did not hydrolyze CP and no difference in organophosphate sequestration was observed between live and heat-killed strains. Furthermore, LGR-1 and LGG reduced the absorption of 100 μM parathion or CP in a Caco-2 Transwell model of the small intestine epithelium. To determine the effect of sequestration on acute toxicity, newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to food containing 10 μM CP with or without supplementation with live LGG. Supplementation with LGG simultaneously, but not with administration of CP 3 days prior (prophylactically), mitigated CP-induced mortality. In summary, the results suggest that L. rhamnosus may be useful for reducing toxic organophosphate pesticide exposure via passive binding. These findings could be transferable to clinical and livestock applications due to affordability and practical ability to supplement products with food-grade bacteria. IMPORTANCE The consequences of environmental pesticide pollution due to widespread usage in agriculture and soil leaching are becoming a major societal concern. Although the long-term effects of low-dose pesticide exposure for humans and wildlife remain largely unknown, logic suggests that these chemicals are not aligned with ecosystem health. This observation is most strongly supported by the agricultural losses associated with honeybee population declines, known as colony collapse disorder, in which pesticide usage is a likely trigger. Lactobacilli are bacteria used as beneficial microorganisms in fermented foods and have shown potentials to sequester and degrade environmental toxins. This study demonstrated that commonly used probiotic strains of lactobacilli could sequester, but not metabolize, organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos). This Lactobacillus-mediated sequestration was associated with decreased intestinal absorption and insect toxicity in appropriate models. These findings hold promise for supplementing human, livestock, or apiary foods with probiotic microorganisms to reduce organophosphate pesticide exposure.
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Construction and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Film Sensor on Determination of Chlorpyrifos in Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted microspheres for recognition of chlorpyrifos were prepared by thermal initiation and precipitation polymerization, and were characterized using scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy. Binding characteristics of the microspheres were also investigated. Sensitive film electrode of chlorpyrifos was prepared using the microspheres above on the surface of gold electrode by spin coating. Electrochemical sensor was constructed with the electrode prepared above as recognition element, and the response characteristics of the sensor to chlorpyrifos in water were investigated based on constant-current potentiometry. It was shown that a reasonable linear response curve between potential and concentration was obtained from 1.0×10-12mol/L to 2.0×10-8mol/L, with a detection limit of 1.0×10-13mol/L. The suitable pH was 2.2~3.4,and response time was 10 min. The imprinted electrode showed relatively high selectivity to chlorpyrifos and was applied to the analysis of chlorpyrifos in the simulated river samples with recovery rates ranging from 89% to 105%.
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Pelit FO, Yengin Ç. Application of solidified floating organic drop microextraction method for biomonitoring of chlorpyrifos and its oxon metabolite in urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 949-950:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kubica P, Kot-Wasik A, Wasik A, Namieśnik J. "Dilute & shoot" approach for rapid determination of trace amounts of nicotine in zero-level e-liquids by reversed phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interactions liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:13-8. [PMID: 23548207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two analytical procedures are proposed where HILIC and RPLC techniques are coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection for rapid determination of trace amounts of nicotine in zero-level liquids for electronic cigarettes. Samples are prepared on the basis of the approach "dilute & shoot" which makes this important step quick and not complicated. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Zorbax XDB column (RPLC method) and Ascentis Si column (HILIC mode). Within-run precisions (CVs) measured at three concentration levels were as follows: 0.73%, 0.98% and 1.44% for RPLC method and 1.39%, 1.44% and 0.57% (HILIC mode). Between-run CVs were as follows: 1.94%, 1.02% and 1.22% for RPLC mode and 1.49%, 1.20% and 1.22% for HILIC mode. The detection limits of RPLC and HILIC modes were 4.08 and 3.90 ng/mL respectively. The proposed procedures are rapid, not complicated, sensitive and are suitable for fast determination of trace amounts of nicotine in zero-level liquids for electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Pelit FO, Pelit L, Ertaş H, Nil Ertaş F. Development of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite Chlorpyrifos-oxon in wine matrix. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 904:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pelit FO, Ertaş H, Nil Ertaş F. Development of an adsorptive catalytic stripping voltammetric method for the determination of an endocrine disruptor pesticide chlorpyrifos and its application to the wine samples. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-011-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Iwasaki Y, Goto M, Mochizuki K, Terayama E, Ito R, Saito K, Sugino N, Makino T, Nakazawa H. Development and validation of a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of nicotine and its metabolites in human maternal and cord sera. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:503-10. [PMID: 20641043 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive HILIC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine and its metabolites in human maternal and cord sera was developed and validated. After solid-phase extraction, LC separation was achieved on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography. The validated method is capable of selective identification as well as accurate and sensitive quantification. Analyte recovery ranged from 86.2 to 107.7% and intra- and inter-day assay precision were less than 15% relative standard deviation. This sensitive HILIC-MS/MS method can be used to determine nicotine and its metabolic profile in smokers. This validated method is useful for the determination of nicotine and its metabolites in human serum in future studies of the effects of nicotine exposure on neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Iwasaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Malafatti L, Maia PP, Martins MCG, Siqueira MEPBD, Martins I. Single gas chromatography method with nitrogen phosphorus detector for urinary cotinine determination in passive and active smokers. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is a major addictive compound in cigarettes and is rapidly and extensively metabolized to several metabolites in humans, including urinary cotinine, considered a biomarker due to its high concentration compared to other metabolites. The aim of this study was to develop a single method for determination of urinary cotinine, in active and passive smokers, by gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Urine (5.0 mL) was extracted with 1.0 mL of sodium hydroxide 5 mol L-1, 5.0 mL of chloroform, and lidocaine used as the internal standard. Injection volume was 1 μL in GC-NPD. Limit of quantification was 10 ng mL-1. Linearity was evaluated in the ranges 10-1000 ng mL-1 and 500-6000 ng mL-1, with determination coefficients of 0.9986 and 0.9952, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay standard relative deviations were lower than 14.2 %, while inaccuracy (bias) was less than +11.9%. The efficiency of extraction was greater than 88.5%. Ruggedness was verified, according to Youden's test. Means of cotinine concentrations observed were 2,980 ng mL-1 for active smokers and 132 ng mL-1, for passive smokers. The results revealed that satisfactory chromatographic separation between the analyte and interferents was obtained with a ZB-1 column. This method is reliable, precise, linear and presented ruggedness in the range evaluated. The results suggest that it can be applied in routine analysis for passive and active smokers, since it is able to quantify a wide range of cotinine concentrations in urine.
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19
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Wang L, Lu D, Wang J, Du D, Zou Z, Wang H, Smith JN, Timchalk C, Liu F, Lin Y. A novel immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of trichloropyridinol, a biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2835-40. [PMID: 21195597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel portable immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor (IEB) for simple, rapid, and sensitive biomonitoring of trichloropyridinol (TCP), a metabolite biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Our new approach takes the advantage of immunochromatographic test strip for a rapid competitive immunoreaction and a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode for a rapid and sensitive electrochemical analysis of captured HRP labeling. Several key experimental parameters (e.g. immunoreaction time, the amount of HRP labeled TCP, concentration of the substrate for electrochemical measurements, and the blocking agents for the nitrocellulose membrane) were optimized to achieve a high sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Under optimal conditions, the IEB has demonstrated a wide linear range (0.1-100 ng/ml) with a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/ml TCP. Furthermore, the IEB has been successfully applied for biomonitoring of TCP in the rat plasma samples with in vivo exposure to organophosphorus insecticides like Chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon). The IEB thus opens up new pathways for designing a simple, rapid, clinically accurate, and quantitative tool for TCP detection, as well as holds a great promise for in-field screening of metabolite biomarkers, e.g., TCP, for humans exposed to organophosphorus insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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20
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Electrochemiluminescent determination of nicotine based on tri(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) complex through flow injection analysis. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Malkawi AH, Al-Ghananeem AM, de Leon J, Crooks PA. Nicotine exposure can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid of active and passive smokers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 49:129-32. [PMID: 19036546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method has been utilized for the quantitative determination of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine (COT) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of active and passive smokers. CSF samples from 18 smokers, 15 non-smokers, 15 children, 15 infants, and 9 neonatal were analyzed for nicotine (NIC) and cotinine content. Cotinine levels in the CSF of smokers ranged from 27.3 to 457.1 ng/ml, whereas nicotine levels were considerably lower (6.0-215.1 ng/ml). Cotinine could be detected in 4 of the 15 CSF samples from non-smokers (3.5-30.4 ng/ml), and a few other passive smokers, including neonates from smoking mothers (15.6-81.1 ng/ml). The concentrations of cotinine in CSF samples suggests that nicotine easily passes into the CSF, which makes it an excellent CSF marker for tobacco-smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Malkawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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22
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Papadoyannis IN, Samanidou VF, Stefanidou PG. CLINICAL ASSAY OF NICOTINE AND ITS METABOLITE, COTININE, IN BODY FLUIDS BY HPLC FOLLOWING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. N. Papadoyannis
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - V. F. Samanidou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - P. G. Stefanidou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
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23
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Li SP, Park MS, Kim JH, Kim MO. Chronic nicotine and smoke treatment modulate dopaminergic activities in ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens and the ?-aminobutyric acid type B receptor expression of the rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci Res 2004; 78:868-79. [PMID: 15521060 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic afferents from the mesencephalic areas, such as ventral tegmental area (VTA), synapse with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Pharmacological and electrophysiological data show that the reinforcement, the dependence-producing properties, as well as the psychopharmacologic effects of nicotine depend to a great extent on activation of nicotinic receptors within the mesolimbocortical dopaminergic projection. To explore further the relationship between the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and PFC GABAergic neurons, we investigated the effects of nicotine and passive exposure to cigarette smoke on the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in VTA and substantia nigra (SNC) and dopamine (DA) D1 receptor levels in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). Also, the simultaneous changes in GABAB receptors mRNAs in the PFC were studied. The results showed that chronic nicotine and smoking treatment differentially changed the levels of TH protein in VTA and SNC and DA D1 receptor levels in Nac and CPu. GABAB1 and GABAB2 receptor mRNA levels also showed different change patterns. Ten and thirty minutes of smoke exposure increased GABAB1 receptor mRNA to a greater extent than that of GABAB2, whereas GABAB2 was greatly enhanced after 1 hr of smoke exposure. The TH levels in VTA were closely related to DA D1 receptor levels in NAc and with GABAB receptor mRNA changes in PFC. These results suggest that the mesolimbic pathway and GABAB receptor mRNA in PFC are modulated by nicotine and cigarette smoke, implying an important role in nicotine's psychopharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Peng Li
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, South Korea
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Cognard E, Staub C. Determination of Nicotine and Its Major Metabolite Cotinine in Plasma or Serum by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Ion-Trap Detection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:1599-607. [PMID: 14708884 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A specific method has been developed for the quantitative determination of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine in plasma or serum of active and passive smokers. Deuterium-labelled nicotine and cotinine were used as internal standards. The amounts of nicotine and cotinine present in a sample of plasma or serum were extracted with a simple extraction procedure (liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction). The extracts were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using ion-trap detection. The analysis was done in positive chemical ionisation with methanol as the liquid reagent. The method has been demonstrated to be linear up to 1000 microg/l. Limits of quantification for nicotine and cotinine are 10 and 5 microg/l, respectively with liquid-liquid extraction, and 1 microg/l for each of the compounds with solid-phase extraction. The present method has been applied to several real cases.
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25
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Rao RN, Vairamani M, Khalid S, Alvi SN. Separation and determination of process-related impurities of industrial chlorpyriphos by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ANAL SCI 2002; 18:1391-4. [PMID: 12502096 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramisetti Nageswara Rao
- HPLC Group, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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26
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Heinrich-Ramm R, Wegner R, Garde AH, Baur X. Cotinine excretion (tobacco smoke biomarker) of smokers and non-smokers: comparison of GC/MS and RIA results. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2002; 205:493-9. [PMID: 12455271 DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With a validated GC/MS method, the tobacco smoke biomarker cotinine has been estimated in urine for 148 non-smokers (male; 43 +/- 13 years; median 5.0 micrograms/g creatinine; 95th percentile 104 micrograms/g) and 96 smokers (male; 39 +/- 12 years; 1002 micrograms/g; 2993 micrograms/g). For a subgroup of 50 persons, the GC/MS results were compared with those by a commercially available radio immunoassay. Both methods identified the same persons as non-smokers and smokers, respectively, and were closely related. For smokers, the relationship was distinctly closer than for the non-smokers (r = 0.90, p < 0.001, n = 14 vs. r = 0.41, p < 0.02, n = 36). The RIA values were 2.4 times (smokers) and 2.9 times (non-smokers) higher than the GC/MS results. This was probably caused by the cross reactivity of the RIA antibodies against other urinary nicotine metabolites, e.g. trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and has to be taken into account to correctly compare results of studies obtained with different analytical techniques and for choosing cut-off points to discriminate between active smokers and non-smokers of between non-smokers with higher or lower exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
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