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Chen W, Tu P, Ye X, Tang Q, Yu T, Zheng X. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside impacts fecal discharge of polystyrene microplastics in mice: Potential role of microbiota-derived metabolites. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 453:116212. [PMID: 36057402 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microplastic particles degraded from plastic litters are recognized as a global environmental pollutant, which can be transferred and enriched via the food chain to impact ecosystems and human health. A balanced gut microbiota contributes to human health through host-gut interactions, environmentally-driven factors such as microplastic exposure would disturb the gut bacteria and affect its functionality. Dietary compounds can remodel the compositions of gut microbes, and interact with bacteria exerting profound effects on host physiology. This study explored the effects of bayberry-derived anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and microplastic polystyrene (PS) on the gut microbiome in C57BL/6 mice, especially the alterations of gut bacteria and its metabolites. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, variations in gut bacterial composition and enrichment of functional pathways were found upon PS and C3G administration. Meanwhile, the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were identified by metabolomic analysis. Importantly, colonic and fecal PS levels were found to be strongly correlated with key microbiota-derived metabolites, which are associated with xenobiotic metabolism via regulation of xenobiotics-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. These results may offer new insights regarding the protective effects of C3G against xenobiotic PS exposure and the roles of gut bacterial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists lead to increased adenosine bioavailability and modulate contractile cardiac parameters. Heart Vessels 2019; 35:719-730. [PMID: 31820090 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is cardioprotective; however, this property is lost upon blockade or inactivation of adenosine (ADO) receptor A2b. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of MRAs are mediated by an interaction between cardioprotective ADO receptors A1 and A3. Spironolactone (SPI) or eplerenone (EPL) increased ADO levels in the plasma of treated animals compared to control animals. SPI or EPL increased the protein and activity levels of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E), an enzyme that synthesizes ADO, compared to control. The levels of ADO deaminase (ADA), which degrades ADO, were not affected by SPI or EPL; however, the activity of ADA was reduced in SPI-treated rats compared to control. Using an isolated cardiomyocyte model, we found inotropic and chronotropic effects, and increased calcium transient [Ca2+]i in cells treated with ADO receptor A1 or A3 antagonists compared to control groups. Upon co-treatment with MRAs, EPL and SPI fully and partially reverted the effects of receptor A1 or A3 antagonism, respectively. Collectively, MRAs in vivo lead to increased ADO bioavailability. In vitro, the rapid effects of SPI and EPL are mediated by an interaction between ADO receptors A1 and A3.
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Involvement of A2B adenosine receptors as anti-inflammatory in gestational diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Subiabre M, Villalobos-Labra R, Silva L, Fuentes G, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Role of insulin, adenosine, and adipokine receptors in the foetoplacental vascular dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165370. [PMID: 30660686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy associated with maternal and foetal hyperglycaemia and altered foetoplacental vascular function. Human foetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium from GDM pregnancy show increased maximal l-arginine transport capacity via the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1) isoform and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). These alterations are paralleled by lower maximal transport activity of the endogenous nucleoside adenosine via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and activation of adenosine receptors. A causal relationship has been described for adenosine-activation of A2A adenosine receptors, hCAT-1, and eNOS activity (i.e. the Adenosine/l-Arginine/Nitric Oxide, ALANO, signalling pathway). Insulin restores these alterations in GDM via activation of insulin receptor A (IR-A) form in the macrovascular but IR-A and IR-B forms in the microcirculation of the human placenta. Adipokines are secreted from adipocytes influencing the foetoplacental metabolic and vascular function. Various adipokines are dysregulated in GDM, with adiponectin and leptin playing major roles. Abnormal plasma concentration of these adipokines and the activation or their receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. However, involvement of adipokines, adenosine, and insulin receptors and membrane transporters in the aetiology of this disease of pregnancy is unknown. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of insulin and adenosine receptors and l-arginine and adenosine membranes transporters giving an overview of the key adipokines leptin and adiponectin in the foetoplacental vasculature in GDM. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Badillo P, Salgado P, Bravo P, Guevara K, Acurio J, Gonzalez MA, Oyarzun C, San Martin R, Escudero C. High plasma adenosine levels in overweight/obese pregnant women. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:479-488. [PMID: 28721552 PMCID: PMC5714837 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate whether overweight/obese pregnant women have elevated plasma levels of adenosine associated with increased consumption of high-calorie food. Sixty women were included. They were divided into lean (n = 23 and n = 12) or overweight/obese (n = 7 and n = 18) non-pregnant and pregnant women, respectively. Clinical records and maternal blood samples were collected after informed consent. A self-reported dietary questionnaire was also completed. Plasma adenosine levels were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Biochemical parameters, including glucose, total protein, and lipid profile, were determined using standard colorimetric assays. Adenosine levels were higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (18.7 ± 1.6 vs 10.8 ± 1.3 nM/μg protein, respectively, p < 0.0001). Overweight/obese pregnant women (21.9 ± 2.5 nM/μg protein) exhibited higher adenosine levels than lean pregnant (14.5 ± 1.0 nM/μg protein, p = 0.04) or non-pregnant women (11.7 ± 1.5 nM/μg protein, p = 0.0005). Also, pregnant women with elevated weight gain exhibited higher (26.2 ± 3.7 nM/μg protein) adenosine levels than those with adequate weight gain (14.9 ± 1.4 nM/μg protein, p = 0.03). These differences were not statistically significant compared with those of pregnant women with reduced weight gain (17.4 ± 2.1 nM/μg protein, p = 0.053). Body mass index and adenosine only in pregnant women were positively correlated (r = 0.39, p = 0.02). While, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption was negatively correlated with plasma adenosine levels only in non-pregnant women (r = -0.33, p = 0.03). Pregnancy is associated with high plasma adenosine levels, which are further elevated in pregnant women who are overweight/obese. High PUFA intake might reduce plasma adenosine levels in non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Badillo
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (LFV-GIANT), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Paola Salgado
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (LFV-GIANT), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Patricia Bravo
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (LFV-GIANT), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Katherine Guevara
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (LFV-GIANT), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jesenia Acurio
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (LFV-GIANT), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Maria Angelica Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzun
- Laboratorio de Patologia Molecular, Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martin
- Laboratorio de Patologia Molecular, Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (LFV-GIANT), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Food Sciences Faculty, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
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Sobrevia L, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Barros E, Toledo L, Silva L, Pizarro C, Subiabre M, Villalobos R, Araos J, Toledo F, González M, Gutiérrez J, Farías M, Chiarello DI, Pardo F, Leiva A. Insulin Is a Key Modulator of Fetoplacental Endothelium Metabolic Disturbances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2016; 7:119. [PMID: 27065887 PMCID: PMC4815008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of the mother that associates with altered fetoplacental vascular function. GDM-associated maternal hyperglycaemia result in fetal hyperglycaemia, a condition that leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and altered L-arginine transport and synthesis of nitric oxide, i.e., endothelial dysfunction. These alterations in the fetoplacental endothelial function are present in women with GDM that were under diet or insulin therapy. Since these women and their newborn show normal glycaemia at term, other factors or conditions could be altered and/or not resolved by restoring normal level of circulating D-glucose. GDM associates with metabolic disturbances, such as abnormal handling of the locally released vasodilator adenosine, and biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol lipoproteins, or metabolic diseases resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and altered angiogenesis. Insulin acts as a potent modulator of all these phenomena under normal conditions as reported in primary cultures of cells obtained from the human placenta; however, GDM and the role of insulin regarding these alterations in this disease are poorly understood. This review focuses on the potential link between insulin and endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypercholesterolemia, and angiogenesis in GDM in the human fetoplacental vasculature. Based in reports in primary culture placental endothelium we propose that insulin is a factor restoring endothelial function in GDM by reversing ERS, hypercholesterolaemia and angiogenesis to a physiological state involving insulin activation of insulin receptor isoforms and adenosine receptors and metabolism in the human placenta from GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of QueenslandHerston, QLD, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Barros
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pizarro
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepción, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health)Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San SebastiánSantiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Armella A, Toledo F, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin requires A1 adenosine receptors expression to reverse gestational diabetes-increased L-arginine transport in human umbilical vein endothelium. Purinergic Signal 2015; 12:175-90. [PMID: 26710791 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associates with increased L-arginine transport and extracellular concentration of adenosine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study we aim to determine whether insulin reverses GDM-increased L-arginine transport requiring adenosine receptors expression in HUVECs. Primary cultured HUVECs from full-term normal (n = 38) and diet-treated GDM (n = 38) pregnancies were used. Insulin effect was assayed on human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT1) expression (protein, mRNA, SLC7A1 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of L-arginine transport) in the absence or presence of adenosine receptors agonists or antagonists. A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) and A2AAR expression (Western blot, quantitative PCR) was determined. Experiments were done in cells expressing or siRNA-suppressed expression of A1AR or A2AAR. HUVECs from GDM exhibit higher maximal transport capacity (maximal velocity (V max)/apparent Michaelis Menten constant (K m), V max/K m), which is blocked by insulin by reducing the V max to values in cells from normal pregnancies. Insulin also reversed the GDM-associated increase in hCAT-1 protein abundance and mRNA expression, and SLC7A1 promoter activity for the fragment -606 bp from the transcription start point. Insulin effects required A1AR, but not A2AAR expression and activity in this cell type. In the absence of insulin, GDM-increased hCAT-1 expression and activity required A2AAR expression and activity. HUVECs from GDM pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where adenosine or analogues of this nucleoside could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, 4080871, Chile
| | - Axel Armella
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, 4080871, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, 3780000, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain. .,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
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Sobrevia L, Salsoso R, Sáez T, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A. Insulin therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:231-8. [PMID: 25581778 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on the effects of insulin therapy on fetoplacental vasculature in gestational diabetes mellitus and the potentiating effects of adenosine on this therapy. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights recent studies exploring a potential functional link between insulin receptors and their dependence on adenosine receptor activation (insulin-adenosine axis) to restore placental endothelial function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease that occurs during pregnancy and is associated with maternal and fetal hyperglycaemia. Women with GDM are treated via diet to control their glycaemia; however, a proportion of these patients do not achieve the recommended values of glycaemia and are subjected to insulin therapy until delivery. Even if a diet-treated GDM pregnancy leads to normal maternal and newborn glucose levels, fetoplacental vascular dysfunction remains evident. Thus, control of glycaemia via diet does not prevent GDM-associated fetoplacental vascular and metabolic alterations. We review the available information regarding insulin therapy in the context of its potential consequences for fetoplacental vascular function in GDM. We propose the possibility that insulin therapy to produce normoglycaemia in the mother and newborn may require additional therapeutic measures to restore the normal metabolic condition of the vascular network in GDM. A role for A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and insulin receptors A and B as well as a potential functional link in the cell signalling associated with the activation of these receptors is proposed. This possibility could be helpful for the planning of strategies, including adenosine receptor-improved insulin therapy, for the treatment of GDM patients, thereby promoting the wellbeing of the growing fetus, newborn and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Westermeier F, Salomón C, Farías M, Arroyo P, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Salsoso R, Sanhueza C, Guzmán‐Gutiérrez E, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin requires normal expression and signaling of insulin receptor A to reverse gestational diabetes‐reduced adenosine transport in human umbilical vein endothelium. FASEB J 2015; 29:37-49. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-254219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS)Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Carlos Salomón
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR)Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Enrique Guzmán‐Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad San SebastiánConcepciónChile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL)Division of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchool of MedicineFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR)Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Arroyo P, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Leiva A, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Role of Insulin and Adenosine in the Human Placenta Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Microcirculation 2014; 21:26-37. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Biomedical Department; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad de Antofagasta; Antofagasta Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Queensland Australia
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11
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Pardo F, Arroyo P, Salomón C, Westermeier F, Salsoso R, Sáez T, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Role of equilibrative adenosine transporters and adenosine receptors as modulators of the human placental endothelium in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2013; 34:1121-7. [PMID: 24119573 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diseases that alters human placenta macro and microvascular reactivity as a result of endothelial dysfunction. The human placenta is a highly vascularized organ which lacks innervation, so blood flux is governed by locally released vasoactive molecules, including the endogenous nucleoside adenosine and the free radical nitric oxide (NO). Altered adenosine metabolism and uptake by the endothelium leads to increased NO synthesis which then turns-off the expression of genes coding for a family of nucleoside membrane transporters belonging to equilibrative nucleoside transporters, particularly isoforms 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2). This mechanism leads to increased extracellular adenosine and, as a consequence, activation of adenosine receptors to further sustain a tonic activation of NO synthesis. This is a phenomenon that seems operative in the placental macro and microvascular endothelium in GDM. We here summarize the findings available in the literature regarding these mechanisms in the human feto-placental circulation. This phenomenon is altered in the feto-placental vasculature, which could be crucial for understanding GDM deleterious effects in fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Al-Shehri S, Henman M, Charles BG, Cowley D, Shaw PN, Liley H, Tomarchio A, Punyadeera C, Duley JA. Collection and determination of nucleotide metabolites in neonatal and adult saliva by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 931:140-7. [PMID: 23792366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Saliva contains a number of biochemical components which may be useful for diagnosis/monitoring of metabolic disorders, and as markers of cancer or heart disease. Saliva collection is attractive as a non-invasive sampling method for infants and elderly patients. We present a method suitable for saliva collection from neonates. We have applied this technique for the determination of salivary nucleotide metabolites. Saliva was collected from 10 healthy neonates using washed cotton swabs, and directly from 10 adults. Two methods for saliva extraction from oral swabs were evaluated. The analytes were then separated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The limits of detection for 14 purine/pyrimidine metabolites were variable, ranging from 0.01 to 1.0μM. Recovery of hydrophobic purine/pyrimidine metabolites from cotton tips was consistently high using water/acetonitrile extraction (92.7-111%) compared with water extraction alone. The concentrations of these metabolites were significantly higher in neonatal saliva than in adults. Preliminary ranges for nucleotide metabolites in neonatal and adult saliva are reported. Hypoxanthine and xanthine were grossly raised in neonates (49.3±25.4; 30.9±19.5μM respectively) compared to adults (4.3±3.3; 4.6±4.5μM); nucleosides were also markedly raised in neonates. This study focuses on three essential details: contamination of oral swabs during manufacturing and how to overcome this; weighing swabs to accurately measure small saliva volumes; and methods for extracting saliva metabolites of interest from cotton swabs. A method is described for determining nucleotide metabolites using HPLC with photodiode array or MS/MS. The advantages of utilising saliva are highlighted. Nucleotide metabolites were not simply in equilibrium with plasma, but may be actively secreted into saliva, and this process is more active in neonates than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Shehri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
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13
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Escudero A, Carreño B, Retamal N, Celis C, Castro L, Aguayo C, Acurio J, Escudero C. Elevated concentrations of plasma adenosine in obese children. Biofactors 2012; 38:422-8. [PMID: 22890589 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There are no data regarding adenosine levels in obese children, even though is a ubiquitous molecule implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism in humans. To determinate whether adenosine plasma levels are related with anthropometric and biochemical markers in children, we studied 51 students belong to Ramon Belmar School in Linares, Chile. Review of clinical data and frequent food questionnaire were taken in order to collect the information. Plasma adenosine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and biochemical parameters including insulin, glucose, total proteins, and lipid profile by using standard colorimetric assays. Children with detectable (above 0.1 μM) adenosine plasma levels (n = 30; BMI, 22.3 ± 0.7) had higher total cholesterol (P < 0.05); triglycerides (P < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) concentrations than children with undetectable adenosine levels (n = 21; BMI, 23.9 ± 0.61). Among the analyzed variables, only BMI and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) were positively correlated with adenosine levels. Besides, obese children (n = 10) showed significantly high adenosine levels compared to controls (n = 11; 1.8 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1 μM/mg protein, respectively. P < 0.05), but not compared to overweight children (n = 9). In conclusion, obesity in children is associated to high adenosine plasma levels. This study opens a new perspective to investigate the role of adenosine in the regulation of lipid metabolism in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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14
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Westermeier F, Salomón C, González M, Puebla C, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Cifuentes F, Leiva A, Casanello P, Sobrevia L. Insulin restores gestational diabetes mellitus-reduced adenosine transport involving differential expression of insulin receptor isoforms in human umbilical vein endothelium. Diabetes 2011; 60:1677-87. [PMID: 21515851 PMCID: PMC3114394 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether insulin reverses gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-reduced expression and activity of human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) in human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Primary cultured HUVECs from full-term normal (n = 44) and diet-treated GDM (n = 44) pregnancies were used. Insulin effect was assayed on hENT1 expression (protein, mRNA, SLC29A1 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of adenosine transport) as well as endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity (serine(1177) phosphorylation, l-citrulline formation). Adenosine concentration in culture medium and umbilical vein blood (high-performance liquid chromatography) as well as insulin receptor A and B expression (quantitative PCR) were determined. Reactivity of umbilical vein rings to adenosine and insulin was assayed by wire myography. Experiments were in the absence or presence of l-N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor) or ZM-241385 (an A(2A)-adenosine receptor antagonist). RESULTS Umbilical vein blood adenosine concentration was higher, and the adenosine- and insulin-induced NO/endothelium-dependent umbilical vein relaxation was lower in GDM. Cells from GDM exhibited increased insulin receptor A isoform expression in addition to the reported NO-dependent inhibition of hENT1-adenosine transport and SLC29A1 reporter repression, and increased extracellular concentration of adenosine and NO synthase activity. Insulin reversed all these parameters to values in normal pregnancies, an effect blocked by ZM-241385 and l-NAME. CONCLUSIONS GDM and normal pregnancy HUVEC phenotypes are differentially responsive to insulin, a phenomenon where insulin acts as protecting factor for endothelial dysfunction characteristic of this syndrome. Abnormal adenosine plasma levels, and potentially A(2A)-adenosine receptors and insulin receptor A, will play crucial roles in this phenomenon in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomón
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Puebla
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory and Perinatology Research Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corresponding author: Luis Sobrevia,
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Electrochemical determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine in rat striatum with an acetylene black-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film modified electrode by HPLC coupled with in vivo microdialysis. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Akula KK, Kaur M, Bishnoi M, Kulkarni SK. Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the estimation of adenosine and related purines in brain tissues of rats. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3139-47. [PMID: 18780378 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new, rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method with UV spectrophotometric detection was developed and validated for the concomitant estimation of adenosine and related purines in rat brain tissue preparations. The HPLC system consisted of C-18 column with UV-photodiode-array detection ranging from 210 to 400 nm, facilitating the online confirmation of peak purity. The column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees C and the injection volume was 20 muL. Elution with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water/methanol/acetonitrile (88:5:7 by volume) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min yielded sharp, utmost-resolved peaks of adenosine (Ade), inosine (Ino), hypoxanthine (Hypoxan) and adenine (Adn) within 10 min. The method was validated with respect to the linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity and stability. The method was also employed to estimate the naturally occurring purines in discrete regions of rat brain. A new protocol developed for tissue preparation utilizing H(2)SO(4) and Tris buffer gave well-resolved peaks and high component recoveries (>96%) which eliminated the need of an internal standard. The results show that the method for the determination of Ade, Ino, Hypoxan and Adn by RP-HPLC described here has good linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity and is simple and rapid to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Akula
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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17
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Akula KK, Kaur M, Kulkarni S. Estimation of adenosine and its major metabolites in brain tissues of rats using high-performance thin-layer chromatography–densitometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1209:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Concentraciones de ácido úrico en pacientes con preeclampsia y eclampsia. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(08)73069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Kažoka H. Application of Diol column under adsorption and mixed partition–adsorption normal-phase liquid chromatography mode for the separation of purines and pyrimidines. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1189:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Muñoz G, San Martín R, Farías M, Cea L, Vecchiola A, Casanello P, Sobrevia L. Insulin restores glucose inhibition of adenosine transport by increasing the expression and activity of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in human umbilical vein endothelium. J Cell Physiol 2007; 209:826-35. [PMID: 16924660 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
L-Arginine transport and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis (L-arginine/NO pathway) are stimulated by insulin, adenosine or elevated extracellular D-glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Adenosine uptake via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) has been proposed as a mechanism regulating adenosine plasma concentration, and therefore its vascular effects in human umbilical veins. Thus, altered expression and/or activity of hENT1 or hENT2 could lead to abnormal physiological plasma adenosine level. We have characterized insulin effect on adenosine transport in HUVEC cultured in normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) D-glucose. Insulin (1 nM) increased overall adenosine transport associated with higher hENT2-, but lower hENT1-mediated transport in normal D-glucose. Insulin increased hENT2 protein abundance in normal or high D-glucose, but reduced hENT1 protein abundance in normal D-glucose. Insulin did not alter the reduced hENT1 protein abundance, but blocked the reduced hENT1 and hENT2 mRNA expression induced by high D-glucose. Insulin effect on hENT1 mRNA expression in normal D-glucose was blocked by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NO synthase inhibitor) and mimicked by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L,D-penicillamine (SNAP, NO donor). L-NAME did not block insulin effect on hENT2 expression. In conclusion, insulin stimulation of overall adenosine transport results from increased hENT2 expression and activity via a NO-independent mechanism. These findings could be important in hyperglycemia-associated pathological pregnancies, such as gestational diabetes, where plasma adenosine removal by the endothelium is reduced, a condition that could alter the blood flow from the placenta to the fetus affecting fetus growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Medical Research Centre (CIM), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Kiyokawa Y, Yoneyama Y. Relationship between adenosine and T-helper 1/T-helper 2 balance in hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 370:137-42. [PMID: 16616909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine modulates the T-helper (Th) 1/T-helper (Th) 2 balance. We evaluated the relationship between changes in plasma adenosine and the T-helper (Th) 1/T-helper (Th) 2 balance in hyperemesis gravidarum. METHODS Plasma adenosine concentrations and the Th1/Th2 ratio were examined in the peripheral blood of 24 women with hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnancies. The proportion of CD4-positive cells that expressed intracellular cytokines (interferon gamma and interleukin 4) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The ratio of interferon-gamma-secreting cells to interleukin-4-secreting cells was taken as the Th1/Th2 ratio in vivo. The change induced by adenosine-receptor blocker 8-sulfophenyltheophylline was also measured in vitro to evaluate the possible role of adenosine in modifying the Th1/Th2 balance. RESULTS In hyperemesis gravidarum, plasma adenosine and the proportion of interleukin-4-secreting cells were increased significantly, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly lower than in normal pregnancy (p<0.05). The decrease in the proportion of IL-4-secreting cells after adenosine receptor blockade in hyperemesis gravidarum significantly exceeded that of normal pregnancy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma adenosine may be involved in regulating the Th1/Th2 balance in hyperemesis gravidarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Institute of Women's Health, 2-5-9, Honkomagome, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan
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22
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Yoneyama Y, Suzuki S, Sawa R, Araki T. Plasma adenosine concentrations increase in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 352:75-9. [PMID: 15653101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine is an important metabolic modulator and its concentrations are affected by sympathetic nerve stimulation and cytokine production. Since hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by overactivation of sympathetic nerves and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, plasma adenosine concentrations may be altered. The present study evaluated plasma adenosine concentrations and their relation with norepinephrine and TNF-alpha concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum. METHODS Plasma concentrations of adenosine, norepinephrine, and TNF-alpha were measured in 34 healthy nonpregnant women, and 34 women with hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnancies, matched for age, parity and gestational week. The relationships between plasma adenosine, and norepinephrine and TNF-alpha concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum were evaluated. RESULTS Mean plasma adenosine, norepinephrine, and TNF-alpha concentrations were significantly increased in women with hyperemesis gravidarum compared to those in nonpregnant and normal pregnant women (p<0.05). The increase in plasma adenosine concentrations correlated with the increase of norepinephrine and TNF-alpha in hyperemesis gravidarum (r=0.50, p<0.05 and r=0.43, p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Adenosine is an established suppressor of excessive sympathetic nerves activation and cytokine production, so the increase in plasma adenosine in hyperemesis gravidarum might serve to counteract further progression of hyperemesis gravidarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yoneyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
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23
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Vásquez G, Sanhueza F, Vásquez R, González M, San Martín R, Casanello P, Sobrevia L. Role of adenosine transport in gestational diabetes-induced L-arginine transport and nitric oxide synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelium. J Physiol 2004; 560:111-22. [PMID: 15272035 PMCID: PMC1665196 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.068288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is associated with increased L-arginine transport and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and reduced adenosine transport in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Adenosine increases endothelial L-arginine/NO pathway via A(2) purinoceptors in HUVEC from normal pregnancies. It is unknown whether the effect of gestational diabetes is associated with activation of these purinoceptors or altered expression of human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1) or human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), or endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in HUVEC. Cells were isolated from normal or gestational diabetic pregnancies and cultured up to passage 2. Gestational diabetes increased hCAT-1 mRNA expression (2.4-fold) and activity, eNOS mRNA (2.3-fold), protein level (2.1-fold), and phosphorylation (3.8-fold), but reduced hENT1 mRNA expression (32%) and activity. Gestational diabetes increased extracellular adenosine (2.7 microM), and intracellular L-arginine (1.9 mM) and L-citrulline (0.7 mM) levels compared with normal cells (0.05 microM, 0.89 mM, 0.35 mM, respectively). Incubation of HUVEC from normal pregnancies with 1 microM nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) mimicked the effect of gestational diabetes, but NBMPR was ineffective in diabetic cells. Gestational diabetes and NBMPR effects involved eNOS, PKC and p42/44(mapk) activation, and were blocked by the A(2a) purinoceptor antagonist ZM-241385. Thus, gestational diabetes increases the L-arginine/NO pathway involving activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, protein kinase C (PKC) and NO cell signalling cascades following activation of A(2a) purinoceptors by extracellular adenosine. A functional relationship is proposed between adenosine transport and modulation of L-arginine transport and NO synthesis in HUVEC, which could be determinant in regulating vascular reactivity in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Vásquez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Yoneyama Y, Suzuki S, Sawa R, Araki T. Plasma adenosine concentrations increase in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 342:99-103. [PMID: 15026270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine is an important metabolic modulator and adenosine concentrations are affected by sympathetic nerve stimulation and cytokine production. Since hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by overactivation of sympathetic nerves and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, plasma adenosine concentrations may be altered. The present study evaluated plasma adenosine concentrations and their relation with norepinephrine and TNF-alpha concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum. METHODS Plasma concentrations of adenosine, norepinephrine, and TNF-alpha were measured in 34 healthy nonpregnant women, and 34 women with hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnancies, matched for age, parity and gestational week. The relationships between plasma adenosine, and norepinephrine and TNF-alpha concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum were evaluated. RESULTS Mean plasma adenosine, norepinephrine, and TNF-alpha concentrations were significantly increased in women with hyperemesis gravidarum compared to those in nonpregnant and normal pregnant women (p<0.05). The increase in plasma adenosine concentrations correlated with the increase of norepinephrine and TNF-alpha in hyperemesis gravidarum (r=0.50, p<0.05 and r=0.43, p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Adenosine is an established suppressor of excessive sympathetic nerves activation and cytokine production, so the increase in plasma adenosine in hyperemesis gravidarum might serve to counteract further progression of hyperemesis gravidarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yoneyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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Kazoka H. Analysis of purines and pyrimidines by mixed partition-adsorption normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 942:1-10. [PMID: 11822374 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the results in the development of mixed partition-adsorption (MPA) normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography published in the last 10 years. The MPA normal-phase systems are an alternative approach not only to the adsorption normal-phase mode but also to the most widely used reversed-phase mode in the separation area of purine and pyrimidine derivatives. It is shown that the MPA systems are applicable in analytical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kazoka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga.
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Katayama M, Matsuda Y, Shimokawa K, Tanabe S, Kaneko S, Hara I, Sato H. Simultaneous determination of six adenyl purines in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence derivatization. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 760:159-63. [PMID: 11522058 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six adenyl purines in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. The adenyl purines (adenine, adenosine, AMP, ADP, ATP and cyclic AMP) were derivatized using 2-chloroacetaldehyde for fluorescence detection, and the reaction and separation conditions were reinvestigated to improve sensitivity for small volume sample analysis. Each derivatized purine was separated on a Capcell Pack SG120A column with mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M citric acid-0.1 M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (pH 4.0)-methanol (97+3). The detection limits were 100-1000 fmol/ml by fluorescence detection, some 500 times better than previous reports. The proposed method was applied to determine adenyl purines in human plasma. The purine levels were as follows: ATP (9.2-22.2 pmol/ml), ADP (5.5-22.2 pmol/ml), AMP (0.8-3.2 pmol/ml). Other purines, adenine, adenosine, cAMP were lower than 0.1 pmol/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katayama
- Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Virág L, Szabó C. Purines inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and modulate oxidant-induced cell death. FASEB J 2001; 15:99-107. [PMID: 11149897 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0299com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purines such as adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine are known to have potent antiinflammatory effects. These effects generally are believed to be mediated by cell surface adenosine receptors. Here we provide evidence that purines protect against oxidant-induced cell injury by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Upon binding to broken DNA, PARP cleaves NAD+ into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter on nuclear acceptor proteins such as histones and PARP itself. Overactivation of PARP depletes cellular NAD+ and ATP stores and causes necrotic cell death. We have identified some purines (hypoxanthine, inosine, and adenosine) as potential endogenous PARP inhibitors. We have found that purines (hypoxanthine > inosine > adenosine) dose-dependently inhibited PARP activation in peroxynitrite-treated macrophages and also inhibited the activity of the purified PARP enzyme. Consistently with their PARP inhibitory effects, the purines also protected interferon gamma + endotoxin (IFN/LPS) -stimulated RAW macrophages from the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and inhibited nitrite production from IFN/LPS-stimulated macrophages. We have selected hypoxanthine as the most potent cytoprotective agent and PARP inhibitor among the three purine compounds, and investigated the mechanism of its cytoprotective effect. We have found that hypoxanthine protects thymocytes from death induced by the cytotoxic oxidant peroxynitrite. In line with the PARP inhibitory effect of purines, hypoxanthine has prevented necrotic cell death while increasing caspase activity and DNA fragmentation. As previously shown with other PARP inhibitors, hypoxanthine acted proximal to mitochondrial alterations as hypoxanthine inhibited the peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Our data imply that purines may serve as endogenous PARP inhibitors. We propose that, by affecting PARP activation, purines may modulate the pattern of cell death during shock, inflammation, and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Virág
- Inotek Corporation, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA
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Patterson SL, Sluka KA, Arnold MA. A novel transverse push-pull microprobe: in vitro characterization and in vivo demonstration of the enzymatic production of adenosine in the spinal cord dorsal horn. J Neurochem 2001; 76:234-46. [PMID: 11145997 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine produces analgesia in the spinal cord and can be formed extracellularly through enzymatic conversion of adenine nucleotides. A transverse push-pull microprobe was developed and characterized to sample extracellular adenosine concentrations of the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Samples collected via this sampling technique reveal that AMP is converted to adenosine in the dorsal horn. This conversion is decreased by the ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene ADP. Related behavioral studies demonstrate that AMP administered directly to the spinal cord can reverse the secondary mechanical hyperalgesia characteristic of the intradermal capsaicin model of inflammatory pain. The specific adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) inhibits the antihyperalgesia produced by AMP. This research introduces a novel microprobe that can be used as an adjunct sampling technique to microdialysis and push-pull cannulas. Furthermore, we conclude that AMP is converted to adenosine in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by ecto-5'-nucleotidase and subsequently may be one source of adenosine, acting through adenosine A(1) receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which produce antihyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Patterson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Yoneyama Y, Suzuki S, Sawa R, Otsubo Y, Power GG, Araki T. Plasma adenosine levels increase in women with normal pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:1200-3. [PMID: 10819858 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.104832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate plasma adenosine levels during normal pregnancy and to evaluate the possible roles of platelet activation and 5'-nucleotidase as causes of changes in adenosine levels. STUDY DESIGN We measured plasma adenosine levels, the platelet activation markers beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, and 5'-nucleotidase activity, which catalyzes dephosphorylation from adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, in 34 nonpregnant women and 34 women with normal pregnancies in the third trimester. RESULTS The mean plasma adenosine level in pregnant women was 0.59 +/- 0.08 micromol/L (mean +/- SEM), which was significantly higher than that found in nonpregnant women (0.18 +/- 0.04 micromol/L; P <.01). In pregnant women plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels, platelet factor 4 levels, and 5'-nucleotidase activity were significantly higher than in nonpregnant women (P <.05). CONCLUSION The increase of plasma adenosine may be attributed at least in part to platelet activation and an increase of 5'-nucleotidase activity during normal pregnancy. This increase may be an endogenous compensatory mechanism that diminishes platelet activation and maintains vessel integrity during normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoneyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
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