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Seo YS, Park KH, Park JM, Jeong H, Kim B, Jeon JS, Yu J, Kim SK, Lee K, Lee MY. Short-term inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress and inflammation in lungs without systemic oxidative stress in mice. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:273-283. [PMID: 38525133 PMCID: PMC10959912 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for various pathologies, including pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancers. The toxic effects of cigarette smoke (CS) are mediated through multiple pathways and diverse mechanisms. A key pathogenic factor is oxidative stress, primarily induced by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species. However, it remains unclear whether smoking directly induces systemic oxidative stress or if such stress is a secondary consequence. This study aimed to determine whether short-term inhalation exposure to CS induces oxidative stress in extrapulmonary organs in addition to the lung in a murine model. In the experiment, 3R4F reference cigarettes were used to generate CS, and 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were exposed to CS at a total particulate matter concentration of either 0 or 800 µg/L for four consecutive days. CS exposure led to an increase in neutrophils, eosinophils, and total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. It also elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers indicative of tissue damage and oxidative stress, respectively. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in systemic oxidative stress markers such as total oxidant scavenging capacity, MDA, glutathione (GSH), and the GSH/GSSG ratio in blood samples. In line with these findings, CS exposure elevated NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent superoxide generation in the lung but not in other organs like the liver, kidney, heart, aorta, and brain. Collectively, our results indicate that short-term exposure to CS induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung without significantly affecting oxidative stress in extrapulmonary organs under the current experimental conditions. NOX may play a role in these pulmonary-specific events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Seok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Su Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. Modulation of gene expression and influence of gene polymorphisms related to genotoxicity and redox status on occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114307. [PMID: 38065035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of inhalational anesthetics contributes to both indoor and outdoor (environmental) pollution. The influence of genetic susceptibility on DNA damage and oxidative stress and the possible modulation of gene expression have not yet been investigated upon occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs). This study assessed 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, which are related to oxidized DNA repair and antioxidant capacity, respectively, and the influence of their polymorphisms (OGG1 rs1052133 and SOD2 rs4880) in 100 professionals highly exposed to WAGs and 93 unexposed volunteers (control group). Additionally, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1 rs25487 and rs1799782) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM rs600931) gene polymorphisms as well as genetic instability (micronucleus-MN and nuclear bud-NBUD) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde-MDA and ferric reducing antioxidant power-FRAP) biomarkers were assessed in the groups (control and exposed) and in the subgroups of the exposed group according to job occupation (anesthesiologists versus surgeons/technicians). Except for the ATM TT controls (associated with increased FRAP), there were no influences of OGG1, XRCC1, ATM, and SOD2 polymorphisms on MN, NBUD, MDA, and FRAP values in exposed or control subjects. No significant difference in the expression of either gene evaluated (OGG1 and SOD2) was found between the exposed and control groups. Increased OGG1 expression was observed among OGG1 -/Cys individuals only in the control group. Among the exposed group, anesthesiologists had a greater duration of WAG exposure (both h/week and years) than surgeons/technicians, which was associated with increased MDA and decreased antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and SOD2 expression (redox status). Higher expression of OGG1 was found in -/Cys surgeons/technicians than in anesthesiologists with the same genotype. Increased antioxidant capacity was noted in the surgeons/technicians carrying the ATM T allele and in those carrying XRCC1 -/Gln. Increased MN was influenced by OGG1 -/Cys in surgeons/technicians. Anesthesiologists with ATM CC exhibited increased MN, and those carrying the C allele (CC/CT genotype) exhibited increased NBUD. SOD2 polymorphism did not seem to be relevant for WAG exposure. These findings contribute to advancing the knowledge on genetic susceptibility/gene expression/genetic instability/oxidative stress, including differences in job occupation considering the workload, in response to occupational exposure to WAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Lara JR, Paschoalinotte EE, Braz LG, Braz MG. Evaluation of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and metabolism-related gene polymorphisms in workers exposed to waste anesthetic gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9609-9623. [PMID: 36057057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Professionals who work in operating rooms (ORs) may be exposed daily to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) due to the use of inhalational anesthetics. Considering the controversial findings related to genetic damage and redox status in addition to a lack of knowledge about the effect of polymorphisms in genes related to phase I and II detoxification upon occupational exposure to WAGs, this cross-sectional study is the first to jointly evaluate biomarkers of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and susceptibility genes in professionals occupationally exposed to high trace amounts of halogenated (≥ 7 ppm) and nitrous oxide (165 ppm) anesthetics in ORs and in individuals not exposed to WAGs (control group). Elevated rates of buccal micronucleus (MN) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were observed in the exposure group and in professionals exposed aged more than 30 years. Exposed males showed a higher antioxidant capacity, as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), than exposed females; exposed females had higher frequencies of MN and NBUD than nonexposed females. Genetic instability (MN) was observed in professionals with greater weekly WAG exposure, and those exposed for longer durations (years) exhibited oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased FRAP). Polymorphisms in metabolic genes (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)) did not exert an effect, except for the effects of the GSTP1 (rs1695) AG/GG polymorphism on FRAP (both groups) and GSTP1 AG/GG and GSTT1 null polymorphisms, which were associated with greater FRAP values in exposed males. Minimizing WAG exposure is necessary to reduce impacts on healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Lara
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Eloisa E Paschoalinotte
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil.
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Souza KM, De Vivo I, Chen CY, Nogueira FR, Aun AG, Arruda NM, Lara JR, Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Corrêa CR, de Carvalho LR, Braz JRC, Braz LG, Braz MG. Oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation and gene expression in occupationally exposed university hospital anesthesia providers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:155-164. [PMID: 33341964 DOI: 10.1002/em.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the importance and lack of data of toxicogenomic approaches on occupational exposure to anesthetics, we evaluated possible associations between waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) exposure and biological effects including oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and transcriptional modulation. The exposed group was constituted by anesthesia providers who were mainly exposed to the anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane (10 ppm) and to a lesser degree to nitrous oxide (150 ppm), and the control group was constituted by physicians who had no exposure to WAGs. The oxidative stress markers included oxidized DNA bases (comet assay), malondialdehyde (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]), nitric oxide metabolites (ozone-chemiluminescence), and antioxidative markers, including individual antioxidants (HPLC) and antioxidant defense marker (ferric reducing antioxidant power by spectrophotometry). The inflammatory markers included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and the proinflammatory interleukins IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17A (flow cytometry). Telomere length and gene expression related to DNA repair (hOGG1 and XRCC1), antioxidant defense (NRF2) and inflammation (IL6, IL8 and IL17A) were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. No significant differences (p > .0025) between the groups were observed for any parameter evaluated. Thus, under the conditions of the study, the findings suggest that occupational exposure to WAGs is not associated with oxidative stress or inflammation when evaluated in serum/plasma, with DNA damage evaluated in lymphocytes and leucocytes or with molecular modulation assessed in peripheral blood cells in university anesthesia providers. However, it is prudent to reduce WAGs exposure and to increase biomonitoring of all occupationally exposed professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chung-Yen Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Aline Garcia Aun
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Weaning Mice and Adult Mice Exhibit Differential Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030201. [PMID: 32121508 PMCID: PMC7139353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, there is a limited understanding of pediatric DILI. Here, 2-week-old weaning and 8-week-old adult male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (0.1 mmol/kg equal to 15.4 mg/kg) to comparatively evaluate the time-dependent liver damage and cellular events. CCl4 significantly enhanced the serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels and hepatic centrilobular necrosis in the weaning mice, whereas it induced mild liver injury in the adult mice. CCl4-treated weaning mice exhibited higher hepatic levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9), activated MAPKs (p-JNK and p-Erk), and endoplasmic reticulum stress indicators (ATF6 and CHOP) and lower hepatic anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels than the adult mice. The weaning mice exhibited enhanced basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels due to high glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and low anti-cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) enzyme levels. However, CCl4 markedly reduced the hepatic GSH levels only in the weaning mice. Furthermore, higher hepatic levels of oxidative stress-induced malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-protein adducts, and oxidized proteins were observed in CCl4-treated weaning mice than in CCl4-treated adult mice. The enhanced levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and CYP3A, and decreased hepatic GSH S-transferase (GST)-π and GSH reductase (GR) levels in the weaning mice may contribute to their enhanced susceptibility to liver damage.
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Do VQ, Park KH, Seo YS, Park JM, Kim B, Kim SK, Sung JH, Lee MY. Inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and enhances vascular collagen deposition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110988. [PMID: 31759066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is an acknowledged risk factor for vascular disorders, and vascular complication is a main outcome of diabetes. Hence, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoke on blood vessels in diabetes, postulating that smoking might aggravate diabetic vascular impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, cigarette smoke-exposed, diabetic, and cigarette smoke-exposed diabetic groups. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were exposed to cigarette smoke by inhalation at total particulate matter concentration of 200 μg/L for 4 h/day, 5 day/week for a total of 4 weeks. Diabetes caused structural change of aorta, but additional cigarette smoke exposure did not induce further alteration. Collagen, a marker for fibrosis, was increased in media of diabetic aorta, and this increase was augmented by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the diabetic group. Malondialdehyde was increased and glutathione was decreased in blood from diabetes, but these effects were not exaggerated by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke caused NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression in diabetic aorta and enhanced diabetes-induced NOX4 expression in aorta. Taken together, cigarette smoke exposure can aggravate vascular fibrosis and induce eNOS uncoupling in diabetes under experimental condition, suggesting that smoking might exacerbate diabetic vascular impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Quan Do
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Sung
- Bio Technology Division, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Chen CYO, Milbury PE, Blumberg JB. Polyphenols in Almond Skins after Blanching Modulate Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040095. [PMID: 30974789 PMCID: PMC6523744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Almond skins are a waste byproduct of blanched almond production. Polyphenols extracted from almond skins possess antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we examined the pharmacokinetic profile of almond skin polyphenols (ASP) and their effect on measures of oxidative stress. In a randomized crossover trial, seven adults consumed two acute ASP doses (225 mg (low, L) or 450 mg (high, H) total phenols) in skim milk or milk alone. Plasma flavonoids, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG), and resistance of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation were measured over 10 h. The H dose increased catechin and naringenin in plasma, with maximum concentrations of 44.3 and 19.3 ng/mL, respectively. The GSH/GSSG ratio at 3 h after the H doses was 212% of the baseline value, as compared to 82% after milk (p = 0.003). Both ASP doses upregulated GPx activity by 26-35% from the baseline at 15, 30, 45, and 120 min after consumption. The in vitro addition of α-tocopherol extended the lag time of LDL oxidation at 3 h after L and H consumption by 144.7% and 165.2% of that at 0 h compared to no change after milk (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ASP are bioavailable and modulate GSH status, GPx activity, and the resistance of LDL to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Paul E Milbury
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Kim SH, Kwon DY, Kwak JH, Lee S, Lee YH, Yun J, Son TG, Jung YS. Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress is Accompanied with Oxidative Stress via Abrogation of Sulfur Amino Acids Metabolism in the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124114. [PMID: 30567393 PMCID: PMC6321199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the relationship between oxidative stress, another well-known risk factor of NAFLD, and ER stress has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we treated mice with tunicamycin (TM) (2 mg/kg body weight) for 48 h to induce ER stress in the liver and examined the metabolic pathway that synthesizes the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Tunicamycin (TM) treatment significantly increased mRNA levels of CHOP and GRP78, and induced lipid accumulation in the liver. Lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue also increased from TM treatment (CON vs. TM; 3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 11.1 ± 0.8 nmol MDA/g liver, p < 0.001), which reflects an imbalance between the generation of reactive substances and antioxidant capacity. To examine the involvement of GSH synthetic pathway, we determined the metabolomic changes of sulfur amino acids in the liver. TM significantly decreased hepatic S-adenosylmethionine concentration in the methionine cycle. The levels of cysteine in the liver were increased, while taurine concentration was maintained and GSH levels profoundly decreased (CON vs. TM; 8.7 ± 1.5 vs. 5.4 ± 0.9 µmol GSH/g liver, p < 0.001). These results suggest that abnormal cysteine metabolism by TM treatment resulted in a decrease in GSH, followed by an increase in oxidative stress in the liver. In HepG2 cells, decreased GSH levels were examined by TM treatment in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment with TM in HepG2 cells potentiated oxidative cell death, by exacerbating the effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide. In conclusion, TM-induced ER stress was accompanied by oxidative stress by reducing the GSH synthesis, which made the liver more susceptible to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Do-Young Kwon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA.
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea.
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jieun Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea.
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Division for Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Lee YH, Kim SH, Lee S, Kim KM, Jung JC, Son TG, Ki SH, Seo WD, Kwak JH, Hong JT, Jung YS. Antioxidant Effect of Barley Sprout Extract via Enhancement of Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2 Activity and Glutathione Synthesis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111252. [PMID: 29144408 PMCID: PMC5707724 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that barley sprout extract (BSE) prevents chronic alcohol intake-induced liver injury in mice. BSE notably inhibited glutathione (GSH) depletion and increased inflammatory responses, revealing its mechanism of preventing alcohol-induced liver injury. In the present study we investigated whether the antioxidant effect of BSE involves enhancing nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity and GSH synthesis to inhibit alcohol-induced oxidative liver injury. Mice fed alcohol for four weeks exhibited significantly increased oxidative stress, evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) immunostaining in the liver, whereas treatment with BSE (100 mg/kg) prevented these effects. Similarly, exposure to BSE (0.1–1 mg/mL) significantly reduced oxidative cell death induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP, 300 μM) and stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψ). BSE dose-dependently increased the activity of Nrf2, a potential transcriptional regulator of antioxidant genes, in HepG2 cells. Therefore, increased expression of its target genes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) was observed. Since GCLC is involved in the rate-limiting step of GSH synthesis, BSE increased the GSH level and decreased both cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) expression and taurine level. Because cysteine is a substrate for both taurine and GSH synthesis, a decrease in CDO expression would further contribute to increased cysteine availability for GSH synthesis. In conclusion, BSE protected the liver cells from oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 and increasing GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea.
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongju 28126, Korea.
| | - Jae-Chul Jung
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongju 28126, Korea.
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Division for Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Woo-Duck Seo
- National Institute of Crop Science(NICS), Rural Development Administration(RDA), Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Oh JA, Shin HS. Simple and sensitive determination of malondialdehyde in human urine and saliva using UHPLC-MS/MS after derivatization with 3,4-diaminobenzophenone. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3958-3968. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Aa Oh
- Water Environment Research Department, Water Quality Assessment Research Division; National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex; Seo-gu Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education; Kongju National University; Kongju Republic of Korea
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Jung H, Chen CYO, Blumberg JB, Kwak HK. The effect of almonds on vitamin E status and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2069-2079. [PMID: 28695324 PMCID: PMC6105263 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Almonds have shown to beneficially modify some cardiovascular risk factors in clinical trials conducted in diverse ethnic populations but this relationship has never been tested in Koreans. Thus, we tested the impact of almonds consumed as a snack within the context of a typical Korean diet on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods We conducted a randomized, crossover trial in a free-living setting with a 2-week run-in period, two 4-week intervention phases, and a 2-week washout period between interventions. Eighty four overweight/obese participants (11 M/73 F; 52.4 ± 0.6 year; 25.4 ± 0.22 kg/m2) consumed either 56 g of almonds or isocaloric cookies daily for 4 weeks. Results Mean % daily energy intake at baseline was 64.8, 21.3, and 14.9% from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively. The addition of 56 g of almonds daily decreased carbohydrate energy to 55.0%, increased fat to 32.0%, and maintained protein at 14.7%. Consuming the almonds increased intake of MUFA by 192.3%, PUFA by 84.5%, vitamin E by 102.7%, and dietary fiber by 11.8% and decreased % energy from carbohydrate by 14.1%. Total caloric intake was increased by the almonds, but body weight, waist circumference, and body composition were not affected. Almonds in overweight and obese Korean adults decreased TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C by 5.5, 4.6, and 6.4%, respectively, compared to the cookie control (P ≤ 0.05). Almonds increased plasma α-tocopherol by 8.5% (P ≤ 0.05) from the baseline and tended to increase its value as compared to cookies (P = 0.055). Neither the almonds nor cookies altered plasma protein carbonyls, MDA or oxLDL. Of serum inflammatory markers, IL-10 was decreased by almond intake (P ≤ 0.05), and ICAM-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 tended to be lower with almonds, compared to the cookies. Conclusions Almonds at 56 g/day consumed as a snack favorably modified the Korean diet by increasing MUFA, PUFA, vitamin E, and dietary fiber intake and decreasing % energy intake from carbohydrate. Almonds also enhanced plasma α-tocopherol status and serum TC and LDL-C in overweight and obese Koreans. Thus, including almonds in typical Korean diets as a snack can help healthy overweight/obese individuals improve nutritional status and reduce their risk for CVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1480-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jung
- Department of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ho-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Oh DS, Oh JY, Son TG, Yuk DY, Jung YS. Silymarin Prevents Restraint Stress-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Reducing Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2016; 21:443. [PMID: 27043523 PMCID: PMC6274117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin is a flavonoid extracted from the milk thistle Silybum marianum. It has been reported to prevent liver injuries induced by various chemicals or toxins. Our recent study suggested that silymarin induces hepatic synthesis of glutathione by increasing cysteine availability, which may consequently contribute to increased antioxidant capacity of the liver. In the present study, we investigated the effects of silymarin on acute liver injury induced by restraint stress. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to BALB/c mice every 12 h (3 times in total). After the last dose, mice were subjected to restraint stress for 6 h, and serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and hepatic levels of lipid peroxidation were determined. Hepatic levels of sulfur-containing metabolites such as methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, cysteine, and glutathione were also measured. The level of pro-inflammatory mediators in both liver and serum was determined. To study the mechanism of the effects of silymarin, we assessed Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and apoptotic signaling. Restraint stress induced severe oxidative stress and increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators; both effects of restraint stress were significantly inhibited by silymarin. Moreover, administration of silymarin significantly prevented acute liver injury induced by restraint stress by blocking JNK activation and subsequently apoptotic signaling. In conclusion, these results suggest that the inhibition of restraint stress-induced liver injury by silymarin is due at least in part to its anti-oxidant activity and its ability to suppress the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Dal-Seok Oh
- The K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Ji Youn Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Division for Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 619-953, Korea.
| | - Dong Yeon Yuk
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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Zou YX, Shen WZ, Liao ST, Liu F, Zheng SQ, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Mulberry leaf phenolics ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:960-6. [PMID: 25026091 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.940285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of phenolics in mulberry leaves (mulberry leaf phenolics; MLP) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in HepG2 cells; we treated HepG2 with glucose [5.5 (N-Glc) or 50 mmol/L (Hi-Glc)] with or without MLP at 10 or 100 µmol/L gallic acid equivalents and assessed level of reactive oxidant species (ROS), ΔΨm, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. Hi-Glc-induced oxidative damage was demonstrated by a series of increase in superoxides (560%, 0.5 h), MDA (400%, 24 h), NF-κB activation (474%, 4 h) and a wild fluctuation of ΔΨm relative to the control cells (p ≤ 0.05). MLP treatments ameliorate Hi-Glc-induced negative effects by a 40% reduction in ROS production, 34-44% reduction in MDA production, over 35% inhibition of NF-κB activation, as well as exert protective effect on HepG2 cells from change in ΔΨm. Our data show that MLP in vitro can protect hepatoctyes from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiao Zou
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China and
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Faizan M, Esatbeyoglu T, Bayram B, Rimbach G. A fast and validated method for the determination of malondialdehyde in fish liver using high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C484-8. [PMID: 24621264 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and is present in foods and biological samples such as plasma. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied to determine MDA in fish liver samples after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) using a ODS2 column (10 cm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) and a photodiode array detector. The mobile phase consisted of 0.2% acetic acid (v/v) in distilled water and acetonitrile (42:58, v/v). The present method was validated in terms of linearity, lower limit of quantification, lower limit of detection, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability of MDA according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The limit of quantification of MDA was 0.39 μmol/L, which is comparable to other methods. The recovery of the spiked MDA liver samples was in the range of 92.4% to 104.2%. This newly modified HPLC method is specific, sensitive, and accurate and allows the analysis of MDA within 4 min in fish liver but also in other tissues and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Inst. of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Univ. of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald St. 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in non-obese type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1345-53. [PMID: 24254933 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its complications have been attributed in part to oxidative stress, against which antioxidant enzymes constitute a major protective mechanism. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of early stage type 2 diabetes in the absence of obesity and liver damage on hepatic antioxidant enzyme expression and oxidative stress using 9-week-old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Hepatic total antioxidant capacity determined by total oxygen radical scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation determined by malondialdehyde in plasma and liver were not significantly different between normal Wistar rats and GK rats. These results indicated that oxidative stress is not evident in these type 2 diabetic rats. Hepatic expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, thioredoxin-1, mu- and pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit, were not different between normal rats and GK rats. But, hepatic level and activity of alpha-class GST were decreased and peroxiredoxin-1 level was increased in GK rats, suggesting that upregulation of peroxiredoxin-1 compensates for downregulation of alpha-class GST. These results suggest that alpha-class GST and peroxiredoxin-1 in liver can be altered during the early stages of type 2 diabetes in the absence of obesity and severe oxidative stress.
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Role of NADPH oxidase-4 in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in SK-Hep-1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:128-35. [PMID: 24211519 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop a cell culture model of type 2 diabetes by treating SK-Hep-1 cells with four free fatty acids [i.e., palmitic acid, stearic acid (SA), linoleic acid and oleic acid]. The results showed that Akt phosphorylation was increased in SK-Hep-1 cells treated with insulin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, which was inhibited by saturated fatty acids, but not by unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, protein levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 but not NOX2 were increased following SA treatment and, consequently, increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased cellular glutathione were observed. Apocynin, a NOX4 inhibitor, restored the SA-induced inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, suggesting the role of NOX4 in insulin resistance induced by SA. Neither phosphorylation level nor protein level of the stress signaling kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, was changed by SA treatment. Although binding immunoglobulin protein, a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress, was transiently increased in SKHep-1 cells treated with SA, 4-phenyl butyric acid, a chemical chaperone, had no effect on the insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation inhibited by SA. The present study provides a useful model for screening anti-insulin resistance drugs and finding new drug targets for treatment of diabetes.
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Yun KU, Ryu CS, Lee JY, Noh JR, Lee CH, Lee HS, Kang JS, Park SK, Kim BH, Kim SK. Hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acids in db/db mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:180-6. [PMID: 23220616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of type-2 diabetes and obesity on the hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acids, hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism was determined in db/db mice. Hepatic methionine was markedly decreased in db/db mice, although the hepatic activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase was increased. The decrease in hepatic methionine was reflected by decreased sulfur-containing methionine metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine, homocysteine, cysteine, and hypotaurine in liver and plasma. In contrast, S-adenosylhomocysteine, putrescine, and spermidine were increased in db/db mice. The hepatic level and activity of methionine adenosyltransferase I/III, an S-adenosylmethionine synthesizing enzyme, were significantly increased. These results suggest that increased polyamine synthesis, in conjunction with decreased hepatic methionine levels, is partly responsible for the reduction in hepatic S-adenosylmethionine. Decreased homocysteine in liver and plasma may be attributable to the decrease in hepatic methionine and upregulation of hepatic betaine homocysteine methyltransferase. Glutathione in liver and plasma did not change despite decreased γ-glutamylcysteine ligase activity. The decreased hepatic hypotaurine may be attributable to the downregulation of cysteine dioxygenase. The major finding of this study is that db/db mice exhibited decreases in hepatic methionine and its sulfurcontaining metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Uk Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Effects of palmitic acid on TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity in SK-Hep-1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:783-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Frank T, Netzel G, Kammerer DR, Carle R, Kler A, Kriesl E, Bitsch I, Bitsch R, Netzel M. Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjects. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2207-18. [PMID: 22331521 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate health benefits attributed to Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study was undertaken to compare the impact of an aqueous H. sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) on the systemic antioxidant potential (AOP; assayed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) with a reference treatment (water) in eight healthy volunteers. The biokinetic variables were the areas under the curve (AUC) of plasma FRAP, ascorbic acid and urate that are above the pre-dose concentration, and the amounts excreted into urine within 24 h (Ae(0-24) ) of antioxidants as assayed by FRAP, ascorbic acid, uric acid, malondialdehyde (biomarker for oxidative stress), and hippuric acid (metabolite and potential biomarker for total polyphenol intake). RESULTS HSE caused significantly higher plasma AUC of FRAP, an increase in Ae(0-24) of FRAP, ascorbic acid and hippuric acid, whereas malondialdehyde excretion was reduced. Furthermore, the main hibiscus anthocyanins as well as one glucuronide conjugate could be quantified in the volunteers' urine (0.02% of the administered dose). CONCLUSION The aqueous HSE investigated in this study enhanced the systemic AOP and reduced the oxidative stress in humans. Furthermore, the increased urinary hippuric acid excretion after HSE consumption indicates a high biotransformation of the ingested HSE polyphenols, most likely caused by the colonic microbiota.
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Liu JF, Liu YH, Chen CM, Chang WH, Chen CYO. The effect of almonds on inflammation and oxidative stress in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Andrews DT, Sutherland J, Dawson P, Royse AG, Royse C. L-arginine cardioplegia reduces oxidative stress and preserves diastolic function in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40:99-106. [PMID: 22313068 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1204000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PL-arginine cardioplegia decreases biochemical markers of myocardial damage and oxidative stress in patients with normal left ventricular function. We investigated the effects of L-arginine supplemented cardioplegic arrest in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Fifty-three adult patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <35% undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomised to receive blood cardioplegia with or without L-arginine. Following cardiopulmonary bypass, measured endpoints were cardiac troponin-I concentration at 12 and 24 hours, coronary sinus concentrations of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity at five and 15 minutes, lactic acid flux at one, five and 15 minutes and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after protamine administration. There were no differences in cardiac troponin-I between groups. Malondialdehyde was lower in the L-arginine group, 0.28 ± 0.12 vs 0.48 ± 0.32 (5 minutes) and 0.31 ± 0.14 vs 0.38 ± 0.15 nmol.ml(-1) (15 minutes) (P=0.0004). Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in L-arginine group, 229 ± 87 vs 191.3 ± 68 (5 minutes), 229 ± 54 vs 198 ± 15 nmol.minute(-1).m(l) (15 minutes) (P=0.005). Lactic acid flux was lower in L-arginine group, 0.15 ± 0.23 vs 0.48 ± 0.32 (1 minute), 0.08 ± 0.19 vs 0.38 ± 0.31 (5 minutes) and -0.15 ± 0.13 vs 0.26 ± 0.30 mmol.l(-1) (15 minutes), (P=0.0003). There was no difference in left ventricular systolic function. The mitral annular tissue Doppler inflow (e') velocity during early diastole improved in the L-arginine group following cardiopulmonary bypass (control 4.2 ± 1.9 cm.s(-1) to 3.6 ± 1.2 cm.s(-1) vs L-arginine 3.8 ±1.2 cm.s(-1) to 4.6 ± 1.4 cm.s(-1)) (P=0.018). In patients with reduced ejection fraction, L-arginine supplemented cardioplegic arrest did not affect postoperative cardiac troponin-I levels, but attenuated cardiac cellular peroxidation and improved early left ventricular diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Andrews
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Plasma homocysteine level and hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:127-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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NETZEL MICHAEL, FANNING KENT, NETZEL GABRIELE, ZABARAS DIMITRIOS, KARAGIANIS GLORIA, TRELOAR TONY, RUSSELL DOUGAL, STANLEY ROGER. URINARY EXCRETION OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN HEALTHY HUMANS FOLLOWING QUEEN GARNET PLUM JUICE INGESTION: A NEW PLUM VARIETY RICH IN ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Chemical characterization and Ameliorating effect of polysaccharide from Chinese jujube on intestine oxidative injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:386-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Bhutia Y, Ghosh A, Sherpa ML, Pal R, Mohanta PK. Serum malondialdehyde level: Surrogate stress marker in the Sikkimese diabetics. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2011; 2:107-12. [PMID: 22470243 PMCID: PMC3312689 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.82309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pbreakdown of phospholipids lead to accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) that is preferred as a surrogate marker of oxidative stress in diabetics. OBJECTIVE To compare serum MDA levels along with other biochemical parameters between type 2 diabetic patients with and without complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Sikkim on 60 type 2 diabetics and compared with 100 non-diabetic participants. The un-hemolyzed blood samples were used for estimation of biochemical parameters; MDA was estimated in serum by using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 1% thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Whole blood was used for estimation of glycated hemoglobin. The comparison of different parameters between cases and control was calculated by using Student's t test. RESULTS In the study and control groups, no significant difference was noted with regard to independent variables. The fasting and postprandial serum glucose along with glycated hemoglobin from whole blood and the lipid profile differed significantly between the study and control groups. Overall, tmean serum MDA level in the study group was significantly higher thanin the controls. Male sex, addiction to tobacco (smoking and smokeless inclusive), longer duration of diabetes (≥5 years), and presence of complications (both microvascular and macrovascular) significantly increased the MDA level. CONCLUSION To sum up, the serum MDA level was observed to be significantly high in diabetics with and without complication along with other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazum Bhutia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Mingma L. Sherpa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ranabir Pal
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
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Evaluation of antioxidant defense systems in H4IIE cells infected with a retroviral vector. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Determination of malondialdehyde in human blood by headspace-solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylhydrazine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3707-11. [PMID: 19800854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) has been proposed as a useful biomarker of lipoperoxidation in biological samples, and more developed analytical methods are necessary. A simple and sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was described for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood. Acetone-d(6) was used as internal standard. MDA and acetone d6 in blood reacted for 40 min at 50 degrees C with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylhydrazine in headspace vial and simultaneously the formed TFEH derivatives were vaporized and adsorbed on polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB). The compounds were desorbed for 1 min at 240 degrees C and injected in GC-MS. The reaction solution showed good recoveries at pH 4.0. In the established condition, the method detection limit (MDL) was 0.4 microg/L in 0.1 mL blood sample and the relative standard deviation was less than 8% at the concentration of 25.0 and 50.0 microg/L. The mean concentrations of MDA in normal human blood (n=20) were measured to be 187.9 microg/L (2.61 micromol/L).
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Głód BK, Kowalski C. Analysis of Malonyldialdehyde Using Ion Exclusion Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200029303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bronislaw K. Głód
- a Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology , Warszawa , Poland
| | - C. Kowalski
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Academy of Agriculture , Akademicka 12, 20‐033 , Lublin , Poland
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Kim SJ, Lee JW, Jung YS, Kwon DY, Park HK, Ryu CS, Kim SK, Oh GT, Kim YC. Ethanol-induced liver injury and changes in sulfur amino acid metabolomics in glutathione peroxidase and catalase double knockout mice. J Hepatol 2009; 50:1184-91. [PMID: 19398231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxidative stress via generation of reactive oxygen species is suggested to be the major mechanism of alcohol-induced liver injury. We investigated the effects of glutathione peroxidase-1 and catalase double deficiency (Gpx-1(-/-)/Cat(-/-)) on liver injury and changes in the sulfur amino acid metabolism induced by binge ethanol administration. METHODS Ethanol (5 g/kg) was administered orally to the wild-type and the Gpx-1(-/-)/Cat(-/-) mice every 12 h for a total of three doses. Mice were sacrificed 6 h after the final dose. RESULTS The Gpx-1/Cat deficiency alone increased malondialdehyde levels in liver significantly. Hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity and S-adenosylmethionine levels were decreased, however, glutathione contents were not changed. Ethanol administration to the Gpx-1(-/-)/Cat(-/-) mice increased the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity, plasma homocysteine levels, hepatic fat accumulation and lipid peroxidation compared with the wild-type animals challenged with ethanol. Also the reduction of MAT activity and S-adenosylmethionine levels was enhanced, but MATI/III expression was increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that Gpx-1 and Cat have critical roles in the protection of liver against binge ethanol exposure. Augmentation of ethanol-induced oxidative stress may be responsible for the impairment of the transsulfuration reactions and the aggravation of acute liver injury in the Gpx-1(-/-)/Cat(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun J Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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[Oxidative stress and the possibilities of measuring it for environmental medicine: Report of the Commission "Methods and Quality Assurance in Environmental Medicine"]]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2009; 51:1464-82. [PMID: 19137223 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-008-0720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Maki KC, Reeves MS, Farmer M, Yasunaga K, Matsuo N, Katsuragi Y, Komikado M, Tokimitsu I, Wilder D, Jones F, Blumberg JB, Cartwright Y. Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2009; 139:264-70. [PMID: 19074207 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.098293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of a green tea catechin beverage on body composition and fat distribution in overweight and obese adults during exercise-induced weight loss. Participants (n = 132 with 107 completers) were randomly assigned to receive a beverage containing approximately 625 mg of catechins with 39 mg caffeine or a control beverage (39 mg caffeine, no catechins) for 12 wk. Participants were asked to maintain constant energy intake and engage in >or=180 min/wk moderate intensity exercise, including >or=3 supervised sessions per week. Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), abdominal fat areas (computed tomography), and clinical laboratory tests were measured at baseline and wk 12. There was a trend (P = 0.079) toward greater loss of body weight in the catechin group compared with the control group; least squares mean (95% CI) changes, adjusted for baseline value, age, and sex, were -2.2 (-3.1, -1.3) and -1.0 (-1.9, -0.1) kg, respectively. Percentage changes in fat mass did not differ between the catechin [5.2 (-7.0, -3.4)] and control groups [-3.5 (-5.4, 1.6)] (P = 0.208). However, percentage changes in total abdominal fat area [-7.7 (-11.7, -3.8) vs. -0.3 (-4.4, 3.9); P = 0.013], subcutaneous abdominal fat area [-6.2 (-10.2, -2.2) vs. 0.8 (-3.3, 4.9); P = 0.019], and fasting serum triglycerides (TG) [-11.2 (-18.8, -3.6) vs. 1.9 (-5.9, 9.7); P = 0.023] were greater in the catechin group. These findings suggest that green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced changes in abdominal fat and serum TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Maki
- Provident Clinical Research, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA.
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Kim SK, Seo JM, Chae YR, Jung YS, Park JH, Kim YC. Alleviation of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury and fibrosis by betaine supplementation in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 177:204-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim SJ, Kwon DY, Choi KH, Choi DW, Kim YC. Impaired Metabolomics of Sulfur-Containing Substances in Rats Acutely Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride. Toxicol Res 2008; 24:281-287. [PMID: 32038806 PMCID: PMC7006244 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2008.24.4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of hepatic metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids has been known to be linked with induction of liver injury. We determined the early changes in the transsulfuration reactions in liver of rats challenged with a toxic dose of CCl4 (2 mmol/kg, ip). Both hepatic methionine concentration and methionine adenosyltransferase activity were increased, but S-adenosylmethionine level did not change. Hepatic cysteine was increased significantly from 4 h after CCl4 treatment. Glutathione (GSH) concentration in liver was elevated in 4~8 h and then returned to normal in accordance with the changes in glutamate cysteine ligase activity. Cysteine dioxygenase activity and hypotaurine concentration were also elevated from 4 h after the treatment. However, plasma GSH concentration was increased progressively, reaching a level at least several fold greater than normal in 24 h. γ-Glutamyltransferase activity in kidney or liver was not altered by CCl4, suggesting that the increase in plasma GSH could not be attributed to a failure of GSH cycling. The results indicate that acute liver injury induced by CCl4 is accompanied with extensive alterations in the metabolomics of sulfur-containing amino acids and related substances. The major metabolites and products of the transsul-furation pathway, including methionine, cysteine, hypotaurine, and GSH, are all increased in liver and plasma. The physiological significance of the change in the metabolomics of sulfur-containing substances and its role in the induction of liver injury need to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Do Young Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Kwon Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703 Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
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Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Marchie A, Josse AR, Nguyen TH, Faulkner DA, Lapsley KG, Blumberg J. Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects. J Nutr 2008; 138:908-13. [PMID: 18424600 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.5.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption has been associated with reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. In addition to cholesterol-lowering properties, almonds have been shown to lower oxidized LDL concentrations. However, little is known regarding their effects on other markers of oxidative stress. The dose-response effects of whole almonds, taken as snacks, were compared with low-saturated fat (<5% energy) whole-wheat muffins (control) in the therapeutic diets of hyperlipidemic subjects. In a randomized crossover study, 27 hyperlipidemic men and women consumed 3 isoenergetic (mean 423 kcal/d or 1770 kJ/d) supplements each for 1 mo. Supplements consisted of full-dose almonds (73 +/- 3 g/d), half-dose almonds plus half-dose muffins (half-dose almonds), and full-dose muffins (control). Subjects were assessed at wk 0, 2 and 4. Mean body weights differed < or = 300 g between treatments, although the weight loss on the half-dose almond treatment was greater than on the control (P < 0.01). At 4 wk, the full-dose almonds reduced serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.040) and creatinine-adjusted urinary isoprostane output (P = 0.026) compared with the control. Serum concentrations of alpha- or gamma-tocopherol, adjusted or unadjusted for total cholesterol, were not affected by the treatments. Almond antioxidant activity was demonstrated by their effect on 2 biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, serum MDA and urinary isoprostanes, and supports the previous finding that almonds reduced oxidation of LDL-C. Antioxidant activity provides an additional possible mechanism, in addition to lowering cholesterol, that may account for the reduction in CHD risk with nut consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2
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Kim SJ, Jung YS, Kwon DY, Kim YC. Alleviation of acute ethanol-induced liver injury and impaired metabolomics of S-containing substances by betaine supplementation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:893-8. [PMID: 18267108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is suggested to play a key role in the development of alcoholic liver injury. We investigated the induction of oxidative damage in association with changes in hepatic concentrations of sulfur-containing substances in mice challenged with binge-like ethanol administration. Also the protective effect of dietary betaine against ethanol-induced liver injury was determined. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity, TNFalpha level, and hepatic malondialdehyde level were increased significantly by ethanol administration. Hepatic Cyp2e1 was induced to 250% of control. Ethanol administration decreased hepatic S-adenosylmethionine, cysteine, and glutathione, but elevated hypotaurine and taurine levels. Betaine supplied in drinking water for 2 weeks attenuated the induction of alcoholic liver injury and Cyp2e1 significantly. Reduction of hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione was alleviated, and elevation of hypotaurine and taurine was depressed. The results suggest that betaine may protect the liver against ethanol-induced oxidative injury most probably via its effects on the sulfur-amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun J Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Ameho CK, Chen CYO, Smith D, Sánchez-Moreno C, Milbury PE, Blumberg JB. Antioxidant activity and metabolite profile of quercetin in vitamin-E-depleted rats. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 19:467-74. [PMID: 17904346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants interact in a dynamic fashion, including recycling and sparing one another, to decrease oxidative stress. Limited information is available regarding the interrelationships in vivo between quercetin and vitamin E. We investigated the antioxidant activity and metabolism of quercetin (Q) in 65 F-344 rats (n=13 per group) randomly assigned to the following vitamin E (VE)-replete and -deficient diets: (a) VE replete (30 mg alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg diet) control ad libitum (C-AL), (b) VE replete pair fed (C-PF), (c) VE replete+5.0 g Q/kg diet (R-VE+5Q), (d) VE deplete (<1 mg/kg total tocopherols)+5.0 g Q/kg diet (D-VE+5Q) and (e) D-VE. After 12 weeks, blood and tissue were collected for measurement of plasma vitamin E, quercetin and its metabolites, serum pyruvate kinase (PK), plasma protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. D-VE diets decreased serum alpha-tocopherol and increased PK activity in a time-dependent manner. The D-VE diet increased plasma protein carbonyls but did not affect MDA. Dietary quercetin supplementation increased quercetin and its metabolites in plasma and liver but did not affect D-VE-induced changes in plasma alpha-tocopherol, PK or protein carbonyls. Plasma isorhamnetin and its disposition in muscle were enhanced by the D-VE diet, as compared to the R-VE diet. Conversely, tamarixetin disposition in muscle was decreased by the D-VE diet. Thus, quercetin did not slow vitamin E decline in vivo; neither did it provide antioxidant activity in vitamin-E-depleted rats. However, vitamin E status appears to enhance the distribution of isorhamnetin into the circulation and its disposition in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement K Ameho
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Arsova‐Sarafinovska Z, Aydin A, Sayal A, Eken A, Erdem O, Savaşer A, Erten K, Özgök Y, Dimovski A. Rapid and Simple Determination of Plasma and Erythrocyte MDA Levels in Prostate Cancer Patients by a Validated HPLC Method. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701465720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- b Department of Toxicology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sayal
- b Department of Toxicology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eken
- b Department of Toxicology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Erdem
- b Department of Toxicology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Savaşer
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Erten
- d Department of Urology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Özgök
- d Department of Urology , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- e Faculty of Pharmacy , Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Skopje, Macedonia
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Chen CYO, Milbury PE, Collins FW, Blumberg JB. Avenanthramides are bioavailable and have antioxidant activity in humans after acute consumption of an enriched mixture from oats. J Nutr 2007; 137:1375-82. [PMID: 17513394 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.6.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of polyphenols is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Avenanthramides (AV), alkaloids occurring only in oats, may have anti-atherosclerotic activity, but there is no information concerning their bioavailability and bioactivity in humans. We characterized the pharmacokinetics and antioxidant action of avenanthramide A, B, and C in healthy older adults in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover trial with 1-wk washout periods. Six free-living subjects (3 mol/L, 3 F; 60.8 +/- 3.6 y) consumed 360 mL skim milk alone (placebo) or containing 0.5 or 1 g avenanthramide-enriched mixture (AEM) extracted from oats. Plasma samples were collected over a 10-h period. Concentrations of AV-A, AV-B, and AV-C in the AEM were 154, 109, and 111 micromol/g, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of AV (free + conjugated) after consumption of 0.5 and 1 g AEM were 112.9 and 374.6 nmol/L for AV-A, 13.2 and 96.0 nmol/L for AV-B, and 41.4 and 89.0 nmol/L for AV-C, respectively. Times to reach the C(max) for both doses were 2.30, 1.75, and 2.15 h for AV-A, AV-B, and AV-C and half times for elimination were 1.75, 3.75, and 3.00 h, respectively. The elimination kinetics of plasma AV appeared to follow first-order kinetics. The bioavailability of AV-A was 4-fold larger than that of AV-B at the 0.5 g AEM dose. After consumption of 1 g AEM, plasma reduced glutathione was elevated by 21% at 15 min (P < or = 0.005) and by 14% at 10 h (P < or = 0.05). Thus, oat AV are bioavailable and increase antioxidant capacity in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Mateos R, Bravo L. Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative damage to macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins). J Sep Sci 2007; 30:175-91. [PMID: 17390612 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and other reactive species can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules when oxidant species exceed the antioxidant defences in the body, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidatively damaged products have been associated with aging as well as with the development of pathologies like cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, inflammation, etc. Reliable measurements of biomarkers of oxidative damage to macromolecules would afford information on the pre-disposition and prognosis of certain pathologies, being of utmost importance in evaluation of the effect of intervention with antioxidants on the incidence of diseases associated to oxidative stress. This review will present and compare different analytical methods, especially those involving chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, commonly used for the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative damage to the three main macromolecules, namely oxidised DNA, lipid peroxidation products, and protein carbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- IFAPA, CIFA, Venta del Llano, Mengíbar (Jaén), Spain
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Prevost V, Vimard F, Bouhamidi R, Duval D, Beljean M, Nouvelot A. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Malondialdehyde as an Index of Lipid Peroxidation: Validation and Application in Cultured Cells. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120035903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mateos R, Goya L, Bravo L. Determination of malondialdehyde by liquid chromatography as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative: a marker for oxidative stress in cell cultures of human hepatoma HepG2. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:33-9. [PMID: 15113537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Revised: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is considered a presumptive biomarker for lipid peroxidation in live organisms and cultured cells. The present study adapts an accurate and reproducible method to measure MDA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in culture. Since MDA is assumed to increase in conditions of cellular oxidative stress, two compounds that induce pharmacological oxidative stress in cell cultures, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), have been used in HepG2 cells. The results report a significant increase in the content of MDA derivative after treatment with 200 and 500microM t-BOOH for 3h, while H(2)O(2) in doses up to 500microM failed to evoke a similar response, indicating a stronger lipid peroxidation of t-BOOH to HepG2 cells than H(2)O(2). Thus, MDA can be used as a reliable biomarker for cellular oxidative stress in human hepatoma HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Instituto del Frío (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10 Ciudad Universitaria. E-28040-Madrid, Spain
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Brufau G, Quílez J, Angel Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J, Bulló MM, Rafecas M. Evaluation of lipid oxidation after ingestion of bakery products enriched with phytosterols, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Clin Nutr 2004; 23:1390-7. [PMID: 15556261 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the consumption of croissants and magdalenas (Spanish muffins), enriched with sterol esters, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, on plasma lipid peroxidation. TBA and conjugated dienes were used as markers of lipid peroxidation. METHODS The study was made to a population without changes in their diet or lifestyle, and based on a randomized double-blind controlled repeated measures design. The sample size was 57. During 8 weeks, the subjects of the control group (29) received two daily pieces (standard croissant and muffin), whereas those of the experimental group (28) received the same products, but enriched with sterol-esters, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. RESULTS The treatment has a positive effect on TBA value for control group and that given to experimental group has negative effect. The mean difference between two groups is 3.16 (P = 0.044). Also TBA was found to be significantly correlated with HDL-, LDL-cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol, both before and after treatment, but TBA was only significantly correlated with beta-carotene before treatment. Finally, the effects on LDL-cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol and TBA presented similar correlation matrices in the two groups, most correlation coefficients being significant at group level, in spite of the low sample sizes, revealing the association between treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Brufau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science- CeRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Korchazhkina O, Exley C, Andrew Spencer S. Measurement by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of malondialdehyde in normal human urine following derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 794:353-62. [PMID: 12954387 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive method based on derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and consecutive HPLC gradient separation is described for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) in urine. Preparation of urine samples involved a one-step derivatisation/extraction procedure. Separation was achieved using a Waters SymmetryC(18) column (3.9 x 150 mm) and linear gradient of acetonitrile in water (from 30% to 70% in 30 min). The overall detection limit of the method was 56 nM of MDA in urine. The recovery of MDA was 94.3+/-8.6%. MDA in urine of healthy volunteers, measured using the method of standard additions, was 0.019+/-0.012 microM/mmol creatinine. MDA in the same samples measured using the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay was 0.181+/-0.063 microM/mmol creatinine. We demonstrate that the commonly used TBA assay in conjunction with HPLC may overestimate the MDA concentration in human urine by almost 10-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Korchazhkina
- Centre for Science and Technology in Medicine, University of Keele, Hartshill, ST4 7QB, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
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Sacheck JM, Milbury PE, Cannon JG, Roubenoff R, Blumberg JB. Effect of vitamin E and eccentric exercise on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in young and elderly men. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:1575-88. [PMID: 12788477 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Muscle damage resulting from eccentric exercise provides a useful model of oxyradical-induced injury and can be used to examine age-related responses to oxidative stress. Sixteen young (26.4 +/- 3.3 years) and 16 older (71.1 +/- 4.0 years) healthy men were randomly assigned to 1000 IU/d vitamin E or placebo for 12 weeks and ran downhill for 45 min at 75% VO(2)max, once before and following supplementation. Blood samples were obtained before (baseline) and immediately postexercise (0 h), and at 6, 24, and 72 h postexercise to determine antioxidant status, muscle damage, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Following exercise, young and older men experienced similar increases in serum creatine kinase (CK), F(2alpha)-isoprostanes (iPF(2alpha); p <.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA; p <.01), although iPF(2alpha) peaked at 72 h postexercise and MDA peaked at 0 h. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) decreased at 72 h (p <.01) and correlated with the rise in iPF(2alpha), MDA, and CK in the young men (p <.05). Leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was unaffected by exercise. Vitamin E decreased peak CK in young men, while in older men it decreased resting levels of iPF(2alpha) and suppressed the 24 h postexercise increases in iPF(2alpha) (p <.05). Thus, vitamin E supplementation induced modest changes eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress, although differentially between the young and older subjects, while age had no direct influence on these responses among this group of physically fit subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sacheck
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Paroni R, Fermo I, Cighetti G. Validation of methyl malondialdehyde as internal standard for malondialdehyde detection by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2002; 307:92-8. [PMID: 12137784 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate, by capillary electrophoresis, the use of synthesized methyl malondialdehyde as the internal standard for the direct quantification of free and total (free+bound) malondialdehyde in biological samples. All analyses were performed in 20 cm x 50 microm uncoated capillaries at 20 degrees C, using 25 mmol/L borax (pH 9.3) and 5 mmol/L tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide as running buffer. The applied voltage was -4kV (about 8 microA), the detector being set at 260 nm for a total run time of 8 min per sample. Free malondialdehyde was evaluated after acetonitrile extraction, while the samples evaluated for total malondialdehyde were, before extraction, hydrolyzed for 1h at 60 degrees C in the presence of 1 mol/L NaOH. The detection threshold was 0.2 micromol/L in microsomes and 0.4 micromol/L in plasma. As an application of the method, three pools of rat liver microsomes were quantified before (0.35+/-0.1 and 1.1+/-0.5 nmol/mg protein, free and total malondialdehyde, respectively, mean+/-SD) and after lipoperoxidation induction using systems able to generate oxygen free radicals (18.4+/-3.2 and 19.7+/-2.0 nmol/mg protein). The results were confirmed by isotopic dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, used as the reference method. The feasibility of capillary electrophoresis for malondialdehyde determination in normal and pathological human plasma was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Separative Techniques, Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS H San Raffaele and School of Medicine, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Lärstad M, Ljungkvist G, Olin AC, Torén K. Determination of malondialdehyde in breath condensate by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 766:107-14. [PMID: 11820285 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An automated and rapid method for quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) in breath condensate was developed and validated. The method is based on derivatisation with thiobarbituric acid, HPLC separation and fluorescence detection and is optimised for determination of MDA in breath condensate. Sample collection is non-invasive and simple. The detection limit (4.1 nM) is low, precision is good and the analysis time is short. The response is linear in the concentration range of 0.020 to 1.0 microM. Samples could be stored for 1 month at -20 degrees C and for 3 months at -80 degrees C without losses. Using this method, there was no statistically significant difference between patients with asthma and patients without asthma. However, among females, subjects with asthma had higher MDA levels as compared to females without asthma (0.17 vs. 0.12 pmol/s, p=0.04). The use of the method when studying airway inflammation has to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lärstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Netzel M, Strass G, Kaul C, Bitsch I, Dietrich H, Bitsch R. In vivo antioxidative capacity of a composite berry juice. Food Res Int 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0963-9969(01)00186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lykkesfeldt J. Determination of Malondialdehyde as Dithiobarbituric Acid Adduct in Biological Samples by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection: Comparison with Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry. Clin Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.9.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathobiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 9 Ridebanevej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Korizis KN, Exarchou A, Michalopoulos E, Georgakopoulos CD, Kolonitsiou F, Mantagos S, Gartaganis SP, Karamanos NK. Determination of malondialdehyde by capillary electrophoresis, application to human plasma and relation of its levels with prematurity. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:287-91. [PMID: 11438973 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is considered as the most important marker for monitoring lipid peroxidation, which is strongly associated with the development of serious diseases in adults and premature neonates. In this paper we report a method for determination of free MDA in human plasma using capillary zone electrophoresis. MDA was separated and determined as conjugate with tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (TBAS). Analysis was performed using 20 mM borare, pH = 9.3, as operating buffer and detection of the MDA-TBAS adduct at 267 nm. The method has a linear range up to 80 microM with a detection limit of 0.2 microM. The method was applied to the analysis of MDA in plasma of healthy adults, normal-gestation infants and of preterm neonates. Plasma proteins were successfully removed following centrifugation through a centricon-3 membrane. Results showed that the method can be easily and accurate applied for the determination of MDA in human plasma and that the level of MDA in pretern neonates is significantly higher (p <or= 0.001) as compared to the two other cases. This suggests that MDA analysis may be useful to monitor the development and process of diseases related to lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Korizis
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Leray C, Wiesel ML, Freund M, Cazenave JP, Gachet C. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids specifically affect rat coagulation factors dependent on vitamin K: relation to peroxidative stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:459-65. [PMID: 11231929 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids of marine origin have been shown to affect blood coagulation in the rat. In an attempt to gain insight into the mechanisms of this phenomenon, we studied the effects of dietary linseed and fish oils on the liver antioxidant status and plasma coagulation parameters in rats on a time-course basis. Dietary enrichment in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids resulted in strong hypocoagulation after only 1 week and a concomitant increase in liver lipid peroxidation and tocopherolquinone content. Enrichment in linolenic acid induced similar increases in lipid peroxidation and tocopherol catabolism but negligible alteration of coagulation. A significant correlation between plasma factor II coagulant activity and liver tocopherolquinone was found in fish oil- but not in linseed oil-fed rats. Although ingestion of tocopherolquinone led to high levels of this compound in the liver, it had only marginal effects on coagulation factors. Thus, it seems unlikely that this vitamin E metabolite could be involved in the lowering of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors through inhibition of gamma-glutamylcarboxylase. Rather, our results indicate that the effects of the n-3 fatty acids of fish oil on vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are specific and independent of liver tocopherolquinone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leray
- INSERM U.311, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France.
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