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Muniyappan M, Jeon SY, Choi MK, Kim IH. Dietary inclusion of Achyranthes japonica extract to corn-soybean meal-wheat-based diet on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101852. [PMID: 35405531 PMCID: PMC9010795 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effects Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE) supplementation to corn-soybean meal-wheat-based diet on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 432 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens, having initial body weight (IBW) of 41.11 ± 1.65 g were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates cages with 18 broilers per cage. Dietary treatments composed of corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diets along with the addition of 0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% of AJE. Bodyweight gain (BWG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were linearly influenced by the supplementation of AJE duringphase1 and 2 and the overall trial period. Inclusion of increasing levels of AJE linearly improved the digestibility of dry matter (DM) on d 35. Dietary supplementation of increasing levels of AJE failed to show significant effects on cecal Lactobacillus, coliform, and Salmonella counts, excreta noxious gas ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, total mercaptans, carbon dioxide, acetic acid and propionic acid emission, meat quality, and relative organ weight. Therefore, we concluded that supplementation of 0.1% of AJE in diets could improve BWG and ADFI, dry matter digestibility in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madesh Muniyappan
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
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Das D, Banerjee A, Jena AB, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Essentiality, relevance, and efficacy of adjuvant/combinational therapy in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112613. [PMID: 35062076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide having an epidemiology of 11% in Indians, 4.6% in the United Kingdom, and 2% in the United States of America among the overall population. The common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. This review briefly elaborates the molecular regulation and mechanism of thyroid hormone, and its associated thyroid disorders. The thyroid hormones regulate critical biochemical functions in brain development and function. Hypothyroidism is mainly associated with dysregulation of cytokines, increased ROS production, and altered signal transduction in major regions of the brain. In addition, it is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in humans. Though 70% of thyroid disorders are caused by heredity, environmental factors have a significant influence in developing autoimmune thyroid disorders in people who are predisposed to them. This drives us to understand the relationship between environmental factors and thyroid dysregulated disorders. The treatment option for the thyroid disorder includes antithyroid medications, receiving radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery at a critical stage. However, antithyroid drugs are not typically used long-term in thyroid disease due to the high recurrence rate. Adjuvant treatment of antioxidants can produce better outcomes with anti-thyroid drug treatment. Thus, Adjuvant therapy has been proven as an effective strategy for managing thyroid dysfunction, herbal remedies can be used to treat thyroid dysfunction in the future, which in turn can reduce the prevalence of thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India.
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Sureshkumar S, Kim YM, Sampath V, Kim IH. Effects of Achyranthes japonica extract on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing palm kernel meal and rapeseed meal as a partial alternative to soybean meal. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:88-97. [PMID: 34101262 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A total of 120 finishing pigs with an average initial body weight of 49.72 ± 0.08 kg (mean ± SD) were used in a 10 weeks trial. Pigs were randomly allotted into one of four dietary treatments (6 replicate pen/treatment, 5 pigs/pen). The nutritional dietary treatments were corn, soy bean meal, palm- kernel meal, and rapeseed meal based basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20% of Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE). Dietary inclusion of AJE supplementation had trend to increase the body weight and average daily gain of pigs at week 10 and the overall experimental period, respectively. The graded level of AJE supplement had increase the total track digestibility dry matter (p = 0.067) only at week 5 while nitrogen and energy digestibility (p < 0.05) was linearly increased at both weeks 5 and 10. During week 10, pigs fed with an increased level of AJE supplementation had linearly increase (p < 0.05) fecal Lactobacillus counts. In addition, AJE supplementation in the diet of finishing pigs had linearly decreased (p > 0.05) NH3 emission of gas and trend to decrease total mercaptans during week 10. Dietary inclusion of AJE supplement resulted in a linear increase in the blood protein concentration level. Moreover, drip loss was linearly reduced on day 5 and day 7 (p > 0.05) post slaughter in finishing pigs fed with gradually increased levels of AJE supplementation. During weeks 5 and 10, pigs fed with graded levels of AJE supplementation had linearly increase (p < 0.05) the backfat thickness and lean meat percentage. Therefore we conclude that dietary inclusion of AJE with palm kernel meal and rapeseed meal could be benificial to enhance the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, blood prolife, meat quality and reduced fecal gas emission in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Mohankumar T, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effect of dietary inclusion of Achyranthes japonica extract on growth performance, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, nutrient digestibility, and meat-carcass grade quality traits in finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 10 wk experimental trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE) on finishing pigs’ overall performance. A total of 150 finishing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 54.17 ± 2.27 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were CON (basal diet), TRT1 (basal diet + 0.025% AJE), TRT2 (basal diet + 0.05% AJE), TRT3 (basal diet + 0.1% AJE), and TRT4 (basal diet + 0.2% AJE). Dietary AJE supplementation linearly increased BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G/F) during week 5. At week 10 and overall experiment, there was tendency for linear increase in BW, ADG, and average daily feed intake. Dietary supplementation of AJE failed to show significant effects on nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, meat quality, and fecal gas emission. The dietary supplementation of AJE showed a linear increase in the backfat thickness (BFT) at week 10, and there was no significant difference observed on the lean meat percentage. In summary, AJE supplementation had a beneficial effect on the growth performance, BFT, and also no effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota of the finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamaraikannan Mohankumar
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
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Mengie T, Mequanente S, Nigussie D, Legesse B, Makonnen E. Investigation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Solvent Fractions of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1775-1787. [PMID: 33981155 PMCID: PMC8109023 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The various fractions of leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (A. aspera) have not yet been explored scientifically for in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of solvent fractions of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera in rats. METHODS The 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera was fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol and water. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using excision and incision wound models, rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models, respectively. For wound healing activity, fractions were evaluated at 5 and 10% ointments. The positive control groups were treated with nitrofurazone 0.2% ointment. Simple ointment treated for excision wound model and untreated for incision wound model rats were assigned as negative controls. For anti-inflammatory activity, fractions were evaluated at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg. Positive control groups were treated with indomethacin 10mg/kg for both rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The 2% Tween 80 treated rats were assigned as negative controls for both anti-inflammatory activity models. All groups comprised of 6 rats and treatment administrations were made topically and orally for evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. RESULTS The 10% w/w chloroform fraction ointment revealed a high percentage of wound contraction and reduced period of epithelialization (p <0.01). Chloroform fraction was also found to be the most active fraction, which demonstrated the maximum percentage inhibition of edema (52.50%; p <0.01) and transudative and proliferative component of chronic inflammation (37.52 and 52.81%; p <0.01), which was comparable to indomethacin. CONCLUSION Data obtained from this study collectively indicated that a chloroform fraction of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera possessed significant wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklie Mengie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mequanente
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Nigussie
- Vaccines and Diagnostic Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Legesse
- Center for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutics Trial in Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutics Trial in Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sun HY, Kim YM, Kim IH. Evaluation of Achyranthes japonica Nakai extract on growth performance, nutrient utilization, cecal microbiota, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diet. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5728-5735. [PMID: 33142490 PMCID: PMC7647728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) extract as a natural feed additive on growth performance, nutrient utilization, cecal microbiota, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diet. In total, seven hundred twenty 1-day-old male Ross 308 broilers with an average body weight (BW) of 43.36 ± 1.42 g were used in a 35-d feeding trial. Broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 treatments. Each treatment had 10 replication pens with 18 birds per replication. Dietary treatments composed of corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diets along with the addition of 0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% of AJN extract. The BW gain and feed conversion rate were linearly influenced (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of AJN extract during days 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and the overall experiment. At the end of the experiment, the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen and the population of cecal lactic acid bacteria were linearly improved (P < 0.05) in response to increasing AJN extract supplementation. Excreta emission of ammonia showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) with the increasing levels of AJN extract. The breast muscle percentage linearly increased (P < 0.05) in birds fed AJN extract contained diets. In summary, the inclusion of AJN extract in corn-wheat-soybean meal diet improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal microbiota balance, and breast meat production and decreased excreta ammonia emission, which confirmed the applicability of AJN extract as a natural feed additive in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang Sun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea.
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Singh S, Panda V, S. S, Dande P. Protective effect of a polyherbal bioactive fraction in propylthiouracil-induced thyroid toxicity in ratsby modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:730-742. [PMID: 32579134 PMCID: PMC7301176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent toxic effect of a large variety of chemical compounds. The polyherbal bioactive fraction exhibited a pro-thyroid effect in hypothyroidic rats. The polyherbal fraction restored the propylthiouracil-depleted thyroid hormone levels significantly. The polyherbal fraction may act through multiple mechanisms to exhibit a pro-thyroid effect.
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent consequence of the interaction of a large variety of drugs, environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals with the thyroid gland. It is associated with diminished endocrine function which may lead to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, weight gain, and other metabolic disorders. The present study evaluates the pro-thyroid activity of a bioactive fraction from a polyherbal teabag in rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil. The teabag was formulated to stimulate synthesis and/or release of T4 and affectthe conversion of T4 to T3. Phytoconstituents of the polyherbal teabag are potent antioxidants that may be responsible for the pro-thyroid activity. The tea-extract (1000 mg) was found to contain 1076 μg of gallic acid and 1131 μg of rutin from HPTLC analysis. Rats received propylthiouracil (8 mg/kg) for the first 15days followed by the polyherbal tea-extract (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg), the standard drug levothyroxine (0.1 mg/kg), aerobic exercise, and a combination of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) and aerobic exercise daily along with propylthiouracil for the next 30 days. Finally, rats received their respective treatments alone without propylthiouracil for 15 more days. Lipid profile and levels of glucose, insulin, T3, T4, TSH, cortisol, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glucose-6 phosphatase, and endogenous antioxidants were determined. All treatments attenuated significantly the propylthiouracil-elevated TSH, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, glucose-6-phosphatase, insulin, and malondialdehyde levels, and restored favorably the propylthiouracil-altered lipid profile, T3, T4, and endogenous antioxidant levels. The polyherbal tea-extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg) treatment and thecombination treatment of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) with aerobic exercise displayed significant restoration of the suboptimalthyroid function. This may be due to a favorablemodulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes.
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Key Words
- AC, Abdominal circumference
- AE, Aerobic exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- CAT, Catalase;GA- Gallic acid
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- HDL, High-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, IR- Homeostatic model of insulin resistance
- HPTLC, High-performance thin layer chromatography
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Hypothyroidism
- IR, Insulin resistance
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialedhyde
- NIS, Sodium-iodide symporter
- PTU, Propylthiouracil
- Polyherbal
- Propylthiouracil
- Ru, Rutin
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- T1000, Tea-extract 1000 mg/kg
- T1500, Tea-extract 1500 mg/kg
- T3, Triiodothyronine
- T4, thyroxine
- T500, Tea-extract 500 mg/kg
- TAE, T1000 mg/kg + Aerobic exercise
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Thyroid hormones
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sudhamani S.
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Payal Dande
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management Mukesh Patel Technology Park, Babulde, Mumbai-Agra Highway, Shirpur, India
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Sinan KI, Zengin G, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Etienne OK, Fawzi Mahomoodally M, Bouyahya A, Lobine D, Chiavaroli A, Ferrante C, Menghini L, Recinella L, Brunetti L, Leone S, Orlando G. Qualitative Phytochemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology Investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:E1973. [PMID: 32340217 PMCID: PMC7221715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as the Prickly Chaff flower, is used as herbal medicine in the Ivorian's culture, Africa. Nonetheless, there is currently a paucity of scientific information on A. aspera from the Ivory Coast. Herein, the antioxidant activity of A. aspera extracts (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and infusion) as well as the enzymatic inhibitory potentials towards key enzymes in human diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease, (cholinesterases: AchE and BChE), type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) were assessed. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content was determined using colorimetric methods and the individual compounds were characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Furthermore, a network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict putative targets of identified phenolic compounds. The highest TPC was observed in the infused extract (28.86 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g), while the dichloromethane extract (38.48 ± 1.48 mg RE/g) showed the highest level of TFC. UHPLC-HRMS analysis has revealed an abundance of fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols and acylquinic acids. Among tested extracts, the infused extract displayed the highest free radical quenching, reducing and metal-chelating ability. The extracts (except infusion) were effective as enzyme inhibitors against AChE, while only methanolic and infused extracts showed noteworthy anti-BChE effects. The methanolic extract showed a remarkable antityrosinase effect (56.24 ± 5.05 mg KAE/g), as well. Modest to moderate inhibitory activity was observed against α-amylase (all extracts) and α-glucosidase (only dichloromethane extract). Finally, the network pharmacology analysis suggested the carbonic anhydrase II enzyme as a putative target for explaining, at least in part, the traditional use of A. aspera preparations as diuretic and blood clotting agent. Data amassed herein tend to validate the use of A. aspera in traditional medicine, as well as act as a stepping stone for further studies in the quest for novel phytopharmaceuticals. In this context, it is desirable that this study will contribute to the validation of the traditional uses of this plant in the African herbal medicine, and to the valorization of the whole chain production of A. aspera, as a local and sustainable botanical resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.Z.)
| | | | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Laboratoire de Botanique, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 01, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; or
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco;
| | - Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.)
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Park JH, Kim IH. Effects of dietary Achyranthes japonica extract supplementation on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:463-470. [PMID: 32416831 PMCID: PMC7587871 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was investigated the effects of dietary Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE) supplementation on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, breast meat quality, and organ weight in broiler chickens. In total, 640 Ross × Ross male broiler chickens (1-day-old) were randomly distributed into 4 dietary treatments with 10 replicate cages (16 birds/replicate) per treatment group for 5 wk. The dietary treatments included a control basal diet without AJE, and diets with 0.025, 0.05, or 0.1% AJE. Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion improved linearly with the supplementation of AJE over the experimental period (days 1 to 35) (P < 0.05). Dietary AJE supplementation caused a significant increase in the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen (linear, P < 0.05). The cecal Lactobacillus, E. coli, and Salmonella counts were linearly affected with increasing dietary AJE supplementation (P < 0.05). With increasing levels of AJE, excreta ammonia gas concentration showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05). The breast muscle weight linearly increased, along with a decrease in the abdominal fat weight, in treatment groups fed with AJE (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary addition with increasing AJE linearly improved growth performance, total tract digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta ammonia gas emission, and abdominal fat weight in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Mohibbullah M, Bashir KMI, Kim SK, Hong YK, Kim A, Ku SK, Choi JS. Protective effects of a mixed plant extracts derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Laminaria japonica on PTU-induced hypothyroidism and liver damages. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12853. [PMID: 31353729 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects of a mixed hot water extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AWE) and Laminaria japonica (LWE), AWE: LWE 85:15 (g/g; AL mix), were investigated against propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Rats were challenged with PTU, resulting in, increased thyroid gland weight, decreased liver weight and antioxidant activities, reduced serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine levels with increased thyroid stimulating hormone levels, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level. However, orally administered AL mix with 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 day-1 , significantly inhibited such abnormalities, dose-dependently. Moreover, PTU-induced abnormal histological architecture of the rat thyroid gland and liver were also significantly ameliorated by an AL mix. The results suggested that, therapeutic use of AL mix for treating hypothyroidism can be characterized by its diversified active ingredients particularly iodine and ferulic acid as confirmed by phytochemical analyses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The AL mix has synergistic effects in modulating thyroid hormone synthesis and preventing liver damages in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. These effects of AL mix are mainly related to its richness specifically in iodine and ferulic acid. The growing interests of iodine and ferulic acid in AL mix are principally due to their beneficial effects in releasing sufficient thyroid hormones in hypothyroid conditions and promoting liver-protective functions through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials, respectively. Moreover, the results of AL mix are well-matched with the effects of standard drug levothyroxine in the present study. Therefore, appropriate dosage of AL mix will be promising as new medicinal food for preventing thyroid dysfunctions and its related liver damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohibbullah
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Extremophiles and Microbiology, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kew Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Center, Silla University, MIZ Bio Health Care Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andre Kim
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Abdolhosseinipoor F, Sadeghi Dinani M, Hosseini-Sharifabad A. The effects of Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic extract on the propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism in rat. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2018.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sharma A, Kumar S, Tripathi P. Assessment of Achyranthes aspera induced toxicity and molecular analysis of RAPD-PCR profiles of larval genomic DNA of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:1066-1073. [PMID: 29114143 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies investigated the anti-mosquito potential of Achyranthes aspera against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. The stems and leaves of A. aspera were extracted in hexane and evaluated for their toxicity against early fourth instars of A. aegypti. The larvicidal efficacy of the extract was validated as per WHO protocol. The mortality counts were made after 24 h and LC values were calculated at different levels. The adverse impact of extracts was also explored on the larval genomic DNA. The larvae were exposed to extracts at LC50 levels and the alterations in g-DNA was evaluated through RAPD-PCR technique using three random primers; MA-09, MA-12 and MA-26. Our investigations ascertained the larvicidal efficacy of both the leaf and stem extracts of A. aspera resulting in respective LC50 values of 0.068 and 0.082 mg/mL. The extracts also caused variable genotoxic effects with significant changes in the RAPD profiles. The results showed appreciable modifications in larval g-DNA with loss of certain bands and gain of unique bands with 82.35% DNA polymorphism. These alterations suggest the probable DNA damage and mutations in the larval g-DNA caused by certain phytocomponents which could be the possible reason of larval mortality. Our studies evidenced the anti-mosquito potential of A. aspera extracts against A. aegypti causing appreciable larval mortality and significant changes in g-DNA. The A. aspera extracts are suggested as efficient and eco-friendly control agent against A. aegypti, yet further investigations are needed to identify the bioactive constituent and ascertain its effectiveness in the field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068 India
| | - Sarita Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019 India
| | - Pushplata Tripathi
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068 India
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Rahman HMA, Bashir S, Mandukhail SR, Huda S, Gilani AH. Pharmacological Evaluation of Gut Modulatory and Bronchodilator Activities of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1776-1785. [PMID: 28840614 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera L. is traditionally used to relieve constipation, diarrhea, and asthma. Its crude extract (Aa.Cr) was evaluated through in vivo and ex vivo experiments to rationalize these medicinal uses of A. aspera and to provide their scientific basis. Aa.Cr, at 3 and 10 mg/kg, increased fecal output, similar to castor oil, whereas at 30, 100, 300, and 700 mg/kg, it protected against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice when administered orally. Aa.Cr caused spasmogenic effect on rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum preparations, which was partially inhibited by atropine while completely blocked by cyproheptadine preincubation. Aa.Cr also relaxed high K+ (80 mM)-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum. Aa.Cr inhibited CCh (100 μg/kg)-induced bronchospasm in rats, similar to aminophylline. Like dicyclomine, Aa.Cr relaxed high K+ and CCh (1 μM)-induced contractions in guinea pig trachea and caused rightwards parallel shift of CCh concentration-response curves at the lower concentrations followed by non-parallel shift at the higher concentrations. On activity-directed fractionation, spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Aa.Cr were concentrated in aqueous and organic fraction, respectively. This study suggests the presence of dose-specific laxative and antidiarrheal effects in A. aspera, possibly mediated through cyproheptadine-sensitive receptors and dual cholinergic and calcium channel blockade, respectively. The latter combination is also a suggested mechanism underlying its bronchodilator effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Abdur Rahman
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Samra Bashir
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,M. Islam College of Pharmacy, Deewan Road, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Safur Rehman Mandukhail
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Huda
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul Hassan Gilani
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Shahra-e-Jamhuriat, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
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He X, Wang X, Fang J, Chang Y, Ning N, Guo H, Huang L, Huang X. The genus Achyranthes: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:260-278. [PMID: 28347832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyranthes L. (Amaranthaceae), also known as Chaff Flower and Niuxi/, mainly includes two famous medicinal species namely A. bidentata and A. aspera. A. bidentata has been widely used as blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine for the treatment of various diseases including amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, lumbago, gonalgia, paraplegia, edema, stranguria, headache, dizziness, odontalgia, oral ulcer, hematemesis, and epistaxis. A. aspera has been widely used to treat various diseases, including gynecological disorder, asthma, ophthalmia, odontalgia, haemorrhoids, and abdominal tumor, and has been applied to difficult labour, wound healing, insect and snake bites. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on distributions, botanical characteristics, ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, qualitative and quantitative analysis, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of Achyranthes species to support their therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information on Achyranthes species was gathered from worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SciFinder, CNKI). Information was also obtained from International Plant Names Index, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc dissertations, etc. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of literatures obtained through the above- mentioned sources confirms that the ethnomedicinal uses of Achyranthes species are mainly recorded in China, India, Korea, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Philippines, etc. Phytochemical investigations revealed that the major bioactive substances of Achyranthes plants are polysaccharides, polypeptides, triterpenoid saponins, and ketosteroids. Achyranthes plants have been shown to not only act on immune system, nervous system, bone metabolism, and reproduction, but also possess a wide range of biological activities, including blood-activating, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-arthritis, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, wound healing, etc. Toxicity studies indicated that A. bidentata and A. aspera seem non-toxic at the common therapeutic doses. CONCLUSIONS A. bidentata and A. aspera are very promising to be fully utilized in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. There are, however, needs for further in-depth studies to confirm some ethnomedicinal uses of Achyranthes plants and to elucidate the scientific connotation of the widely documented property of conducting drug downward of A. bidentata. In addition, other widespread Achyranthes species like A. japonica and A. rubrofusca ought to be studied. Likewise, systematic comparative studies of the chemical constituents of medicinal Achyranthes plants resources with the same local name are also needed. Furthermore, not only should the investigations on the structure-activity relationship of the main bioactive compounds triterpenoid saponins and ketosteroids be carried out, but the pathways of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion ought to be clarified. Last but not least, there is also a need to evaluate the long-term chronic toxicity and acute toxicity in vivo of the main bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yu Chang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ning Ning
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Achyranthes aspera and its larvicidal activity against three major mosquito vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eaef.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dhar A, Maurya SK, Mishra A, Singh GK, Singh MK, Seth A. Preliminary Screening of a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation for Anticonvulsant Activity. Anc Sci Life 2016; 36:28-34. [PMID: 28182033 PMCID: PMC5255967 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.195410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a serious and complex central nervous system disorder associated with recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures due to the imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmitters level in the brain. The available treatments are neither competent to control the seizures nor prevent progress of disease. Since ages, Herbal medicines have remained important sources of medicines in many parts of world which is evidenced through their uses in traditional systems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and Chinese etc. AIM A polyherbal formulation (containing Terminalia chebula Retz., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Embelia ribes Burm. F, Acorus calamus L., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke, Achyranthes aspera L.) is mentioned in Ayurvedic classics Bhaiṣajya Ratnāvali. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the formulation in Maximum electroshock and Pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a polyherbal formulation was developed as directed by classical text and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity using Maximal Electroshock Shock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in rats. Statistical comparison was done by one way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS The obtained results showed that the PHF had a protective role on epilepsy. Treatment with PHF significantly improves antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly as compared to controls. PHF also significantly decreased malonaldialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Moreover, it also attenuated the PTZ-induced increase in the activity of GABA-T in the rat brain. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PHF might have possible efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dhar
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Kriya Shareer, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khan N, Akhtar MS, Khan BA, Braga VDA, Reich A. Antiobesity, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Achyranthes aspera seed saponins in high cholesterol fed albino rats. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1261-71. [PMID: 26788089 PMCID: PMC4697059 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.56353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of different diseases. Achyranthes aspera, Linn. (Family: Amaranthaceae), popularly known as Charchitta or Pitpapra, is commonly used by traditional healers for the treatment of fever, malaria, dysentery, asthma, arterial hypertension, pneumonia, and diabetes. The root extract is well reputed for its insect molting hormonal activity. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of saponins from Achyranthes aspera seeds on the serum lipid profile of albino rats fed a high cholesterol diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hypolipidemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of these saponins were tested as described previously. To determine the mechanism underlying the observed effects, serum antioxidant status was assessed according to ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), superoxide dismutase and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays in saponin-treated hyperlipidemic animals. Liver enzyme levels were determined to reveal any possible hepatotoxicity. RESULTS Four-week oral administration of A. aspera seed saponins produced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease of total cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL-C and a significant increase of HDL-C level in hyperlipidemic rats. Treatment with A. aspera seed saponins also showed a significant (p < 0.01) improvement of serum antioxidant status in tested animals. No significant hepatotoxicity was produced by such treatment as the serum liver enzyme activity remained unaltered. CONCLUSIONS Saponins from A. aspera seeds possess antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties which might lead to improvement of serum lipid profile and blood antioxidant status. Our findings support the folkloric use of this indigenous plant in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, its exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sharma J, Gairola S, Sharma YP, Gaur RD. Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat skin diseases by Tharu community of district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:140-206. [PMID: 25448505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tharu community is the largest primitive indigenous community of the Uttarakhand, India. In this article we have scientifically enumerated medicinal plants and herbal preparations used by the Tharu community to treat various skin diseases, and discussed dermatological properties of these plants in the light of previous ethnomedicinal, microbiological, pharmacological, toxicological, phytochemical and clinical studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnomedicinal survey was conducted in different villages of Tharu community located in district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. Ethnomedicinal information on plants used to treat various skin diseases was collected from 122 individuals (93 males and 29 females), including 35 experienced herbal practitioners and 87 local villagers. For each of the recorded plant species the use value (UV) and fidelity level (FL) was calculated. The informant consensus factor (Fic) was also calculated to find out the homogeneity in the information given by the informants. RESULTS A total of 90 plant species belonging to 86 genera and 48 families were used by the Tharu community to treat various skin diseases viz., wounds (38 spp.), boils (32 spp.), cuts (18 spp.), leprosy (11 spp.), eczema (10 spp.), itching (7 spp.), ringworm (5 spp.), burns (4 spp.), leucoderma (4 spp.), cracked heels (2 spp.), dandruff (3 spp.), body infection (2 spp.), chilblains (2 spp.), hair fall (2 spp.) and toes infection (2 spp.). Information on botanical name, family, vernacular name, ailments treated, mode and dose of herbal preparations, UV and FL values are provided for each of the recorded species. According to UV value most preferred plant species used to treat skin diseases by Tharu community was Ricinus communis L. followed by Tridax procumbens (L.) L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Ageratum conyzoides and Allium cepa L. CONCLUSIONS The present study has revealed significant information on various medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases by Tharu community. Literature review has confirmed most of the claims made by the Tharu community regarding treatment of various skin diseases by the reported plants. The literature review has also revealed that products from very few of the reported plants are available in market, while most of the reported plants are still under preclinical or clinical trials. There are various known phytochemicals, and antibiotic, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agents present in these plants which may be synthesized or transformed to make pharmaceuticals. Some of the reported plants have shown promising results in preclinical trails and there is a need of clinical trials to see their safety and efficacy in treating various skin diseases. These plants may be targeted for development of new medicines, ointments or drugs for the treatment of skin diseases. However further toxicological, preclinical and clinical studies are needed to validate claims about little worked out plant species reported in the present study viz., Sida cordata (Burm. F.) Borss. Waalk., Millettia extensa (Benth.) Baker, Caesulia axillaris Roxb., Ehretia laevis Roxb., Vanda tessellate (Roxb.) Hook. Ex G.Don. and Eualaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Further studies on these plants are recommended to assess their potential in development of new skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu-Tawi 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Herbarium and Plant Systematics Section, Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Yash Pal Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu-Tawi 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R D Gaur
- Department of Botany, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
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Murugan K, Sekar K, Sangeetha S, Ranjitha S, Sohaibani SA. Antibiofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory activity of Achyranthes aspera on cariogenic Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro and in silico study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:728-736. [PMID: 23577802 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.764330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditionally, many cultures use chewing sticks for oral hygiene maintenance. When properly used, these chewing sticks are found to be efficient due to the combined effect of mechanical cleaning, enhanced salivation and the antimicrobial action of leached out plant compounds. OBJECTIVE Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae), an ethanomedicinal herb was evaluated for its potential to inhibit growth and biofilm formation by cariogenic isolate Streptococcus mutans as an alternative means of caries management by quorum quenching (QQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofilm forming cariogenic isolates were isolated and their susceptibility to the petroleum ether, benzene, methanol, aqueous extracts of A. aspera was evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), phytochemical analyses and structure-based virtual screening for their quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activities, drug-likeness and bioavailability were also carried out. RESULTS The biofilm inhibition percentage obtained for methanol, benzene, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts (125 µg/mL) were ≤94%, ≤74%, ≤62% ≤42%, respectively. GC-MS analyses indicated 61 compounds, of which betulin recorded efficient interaction exhibiting comparable binding energy of -8.72 with S. mutans glycosyltransferase (GTF-SI) whereas 3,12-oleandione exhibited binding energy -5.92 with OmpR subfamily QS regulatory DNA-binding response regulator. Computer-assisted molecular descriptor and Lipinski's rule violation calculation uncovered the presence of more drug-like compounds. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Anticaries bioactive compounds of A. aspera with higher QS response regulator binding energy, low toxicity and optimal pharmacokinetic properties were revealed. These compounds with possible QQ ability hold the potential for use as anticaries drug leads and antibiofilm preventative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Murugan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Identification and characterization of phenolic compounds in hydro methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera (HMEA) by UPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS and in vivo antioxidant activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-012-0085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mehta F, Patel B, Pandya S, Ahir K. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of betaine in alcohol extracts ofAchyranthes asperaL. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kartik R, Rao CV, Trivedi S, Pushpangadan P, Reddy G. Amelioration effects against N-nitrosodiethylamine and CCl(4)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Swiss albino rats by whole plant extract of Achyranthes aspera. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42:370-5. [PMID: 21189908 PMCID: PMC2991695 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.71921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of oxidative stress may be implicated in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Protective antioxidant action imparted by many plant extracts and plant products make them a promising therapeutic drug for free-radical-induced pathologies. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant potential and suppressive effects of Achyranthes aspera by evaluating the hepatic diagnostic markers on chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo model of hepatocarcinogenesis was studied in Swiss albino rats. Experimental rats were divided into five groups: control, positive control (NDEA and CCl(4)), A. aspera treated (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.). At 20 weeks after the administration of NDEA and CCl(4), treated rats received A. aspera extract (AAE) at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg once daily route. At the end of 24 weeks, the liver and relative liver weight and body weight were estimated. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assayed. The hepatic diagnostic markers namely serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (AST), serum glutamic pyruvate transminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin (BL) were also assayed, and the histopathological studies were investigated in control, positive control, and experimental groups. RESULTS The extract did not show acute toxicity and the per se effect of the extract showed decrease in LPO, demonstrating antioxidant potential and furthermore no change in the hepatic diagnosis markers was observed. Administration of AAE suppressed hepatic diagnostic and oxidative stress markers as revealed by decrease in NDEA and CCl(4) -induced elevated levels of SGPT, SGOT, SALP, GGT, bilirubin, and LPO. There was also a significant elevation in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH as observed after AAE treatment. The liver and relative liver weight were decreased after treatment with AAE in comparison to positive control group. The architecture of hepatic tissue was normalized upon treatment with extract at different dose graded at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. b.w. in comparison to positive control group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that A. aspera significantly alleviate hepatic diagnostic and oxidative stress markers which signify its protective effect against NDEA and CCl(4)-induced two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kartik
- Translational Cancer Research laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 014, Kerala; Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226 001
| | - Ch. V. Rao
- Translational Cancer Research laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 014, Kerala; Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226 001
| | - S.P. Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007, India
| | - P. Pushpangadan
- Amity Institute for Herbal and Biotech Products Development, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 014, India
| | - G.D. Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Research Institute (Ayurveda), Kolkata - 700 091, India
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Mehta F, Patel B, Pandya S, Ahir K. Densitometric HPTLC method for analysis of oleanolic acid inAchyranthes asperaL. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rahmatullah M, Rahman MA, Hossan MS, Taufiq-Ur-Rahman M, Jahan R, Mollik MAH. A Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used by the Harbang Clan of the Tripura Tribal Community of Mirsharai Area, Chittagong District, Bangladesh. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:769-85. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asifur Rahman
- Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ariful Haque Mollik
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Jayakumar T, Sridhar MP, Bharathprasad TR, Ilayaraja M, Govindasamy S, Balasubramanian MP. Experimental Studies of Achyranthes aspera (L) Preventing Nephrotoxicity Induced by Lead in Albino Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.55.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras
| | - Metharmitla Perumal Sridhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras
| | - Tanguturi Raghavaiah Bharathprasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras
| | - Muthaiyan Ilayaraja
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras
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26
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Vasudeva N, Sharma SK. Post-coital antifertility activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn. root. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:179-81. [PMID: 16725289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae) is an abundant indigenous herb in India. It is traditionally being used as an abortifacient. The ethanol extract of the root was screened for antifertility activity in proven fertile female albino rats at 200 mg/kg body weight and given orally on days 1-7 of pregnancy. The ethanol extract exhibited 83.3% anti-implantation activity when given orally at 200 mg/kg body weight. The rats, which continued their pregnancy, did not deliver any litters after their full term. Hence the combined antifertility (anti-implantation and abortifacient) activity of ethanol extract was 100%. The results suggest that the ethanol extract possess both anti-implantation and abortifacient activity. The ethanol extract also exhibited estrogenic activity tested in immature ovariectomised female albino rats. Histological studies were carried out to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Vasudeva
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar 125001, India
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27
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Chakraborty A, Brantner A, Mukainaka T, Nobukuni Y, Kuchide M, Konoshima T, Tokuda H, Nishino H. Cancer chemopreventive activity of Achyranthes aspera leaves on Epstein-Barr virus activation and two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2002; 177:1-5. [PMID: 11809524 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera leaves have been assessed for chemopreventive activity. The MeOH extract, alkaloid, non-alkaloid and saponin fractions exhibited significant inhibitory effects (concentration 100 microg) on the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation induced by the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in Raji cells. In this in vitro assay the non-alkaloid fraction containing mainly non-polar compounds showed the most significant inhibitory activity (96.9%; 60% viability). In the in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test the total methanolic extract possessed a pronounced anticarcinogenic effect (76%). The present study suggests that A. aspera leaf extract and the non-alkaloid fraction are valuable antitumor promotors in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Chakraborty
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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