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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Natali PG, Imberti L. The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2024; 12:775. [PMID: 38674719 PMCID: PMC11051847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because of prolonged life expectancy, which is not paralleled by an increase in health expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, which are defined, respectively, as inflammaging and immune senescence. A wealth of available data demonstrates that these two conditions are closely linked, leading to a greater vulnerability of elderly subjects to viral, bacterial, and opportunistic infections as well as lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, an in-depth assessment of the immune players involved in this changing epidemiology is demanded regarding the individual and concerted involvement of immune cells and mediators within endogenous and exogenous factors and co-morbidities. This review provides an overall updated description of the changes affecting the aging immune system, which may be of help in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the main age-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST- Spedali Civili and DSCS- University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Services Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Natali
- Mediterranean Task Force for Cancer Control (MTCC), Via Pizzo Bernina, 14, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Cordeiro FP, Marchiori LLM, Teixeira DC, Andraus RAC, Poli-Frederico RC. Plasma Levels of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Associated with Hearing Loss Evaluation in the Elderly. Noise Health 2024; 26:165-173. [PMID: 38904818 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Presbycusis can be mediated by the effects of inflammatory processes on the auditory system, and these aging biological mechanisms remain poorly studied. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma biomarkers are associated with hearing disorders caused by aging in the elderly. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Cross-sectional study with 106 participants in the Active Aging Project, 93 (88%) females and 13 (12%) males, with an average age of 70 years. METHODS AND MATERIAL Audiological evaluation was performed with pure tone audiometry and collection of peripheral blood for the measurement of plasma levels of interleukins 2, 4, 6, and 10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ by means of flow cytometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The SPSS (v.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for the analysis of the data obtained. For all data analyzed, the significance level adopted was P < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS There were statistically significant correlations between male and IL-2 (P = 0.031; rs = 0.210), mean II of the right ear (P = 0.004; rs = 0.279), longer in years (P = 0.002; rs = 0.307) and in hours (P = 0.004; rs = 0.281) of noise exposure also in males. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, there was an association between the male gender and higher plasma levels of IL-2, an increase in the average hearing in the right ear, and greater time in years and hours of exposure to noise. There was a predominance of mild sensorineural hearing loss and worsening of hearing related to age, characteristics of presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P Cordeiro
- Student of theMaster's and Doctor's Degree in Rehabilitation Sciences, UEL-UNOPAR. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-2568
| | - Luciana L M Marchiori
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Intervention in Health Promotion LIIPS/UNICESUMAR-Maringá, Paraná, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-0468
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Research Center in Health Science, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-0252
| | - Rodrigo A C Andraus
- Professor of the Master's and Doctor's Degree Associated in Rehabilitation Sciences UEL-UNOPAR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0872
| | - Regina Célia Poli-Frederico
- Professor of the Master's and Doctor's Degree Associated in Rehabilitation Sciences UEL-UNOPAR. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-4606
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Teng Y, Zhong H, Yang X, Tao X, Fan Y. Current and Emerging Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis in the Elderly. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1641-1652. [PMID: 37810952 PMCID: PMC10558003 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s426044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) in the elderly has recently emerged as a distinct subgroup of AD, garnering widespread concern due to its increasing global incidence rate. Epidermal barrier dysfunction, inflammatory response, and chronic pruritus interact with each other, contributing to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AD in the elderly. Although fundamental medications are essential for managing AD in the elderly, older adults often struggle with regular usage of moisturizing emollients, topical medications, and avoidance of environmental triggers, leading to recurrent or even exacerbated disease progression. Therefore, a systematic medication approach is necessary to control pruritus and skin lesions. Traditional systemic treatments may not adequately meet the treatment needs of moderate and severe AD in the elderly and may even pose certain safety risks. Biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, exhibiting excellent clinical efficacy, have made significant breakthroughs in AD treatment. Existing evidence suggests that dupilumab, a human monoclonal IgG4 antibody, has been confirmed as an effective and safe first-line systematic treatment for moderate to severe AD in the elderly, with no notable differences between adults and the elderly. However, the limited inclusion of elderly patients in related clinical studies hinders the generalizability of these findings. As older patients face a higher risk of adverse events with JAK inhibitors, JAK inhibitors are recommended when no other suitable treatment options are available. Obtaining population-specific data is crucial for making evidence-based treatment choices when managing AD in older adults with JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Yang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
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Al-Qurmoti S, Mahyoub MA, Elhoumed M, Al-Moraissi EA, Tao ZY, Hou X, Li J, Bi S, Wu H, Zhang J, Lv H, Jiao L, Al-Karmati S, Acharya K, Hu X, Li J. Volumetric reduction in large cystic jaw lesions postoperative enucleation: a longitudinal clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:660. [PMID: 37704975 PMCID: PMC10498605 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enucleation, a surgical procedure, is commonly used to treat large jaw cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas and keratocysts. However, it remains unclear to what extent the jaw bone regenerates after enucleation. We aimed to evaluate the percentage and the survival analysis of jaw bone regeneration, in terms of cavity volume residual (CVR), in patients who underwent enucleation of large jaw cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas and keratocysts. METHODS We collected data longitudinally from 75 patients who underwent jaw cystic lesions enucleation at the Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, between January 2015 and June 2021. All patients had both preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging data. CBCT images were analyzed using Image J. Changes in the CVR were assessed at various follow-up time points, and the Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to evaluate the CVR over time. RESULTS The patients had a mean age of 31.7 years (range: 5.5-72 years) with 58.66% of them being male. The postoperative CVR was 32.20% at three months, 21.10% at six months, 15.90% at 12 months, and 5.60% at 24 months. The percentage of CVR during follow-up periods for the initial size Quartile (Q)1 (212.54-1569.60 mm3) was substantially lower than those of Q2 and Q3 at and after seven months of follow-up and became statistically significant at the 12-month mark. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that spontaneous bone regeneration can occur after enucleation of large jaw cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas and keratocysts, even without the use of filler materials. The initial size of the lesion had a significant impact on the outcome of cystic lesion enucleation over time. To minimize the risks associated with radiation exposure and expenses, we recommend reducing the frequency of CT imaging follow-ups for patients with small initial cavity sizes (ranging from 212.54 to 1569.60 mm3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Qurmoti
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Mueataz A Mahyoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mohamed Elhoumed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INRSP), BP. 695, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | - Zhuo-Ying Tao
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoru Hou
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Sisi Bi
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Lina Jiao
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | | | - Kiran Acharya
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
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The Association between Iron Deficiency and Renal Outcomes Is Modified by Sex and Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1–4. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030521. [PMID: 36983703 PMCID: PMC10057396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is prevalent in women and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Iron deficiency is not only related to anemia but contributes to adverse consequences for the kidney as well. Whether iron status is associated with renal outcomes after considering sex and anemia in patients with CKD stage 1–4 is unclear. Thus, we investigated the association of iron or iron saturation with renal outcomes in a CKD cohort. During a follow-up of 8.2 years, 781 (31.2%) patients met the composite renal outcome of renal replacement therapy and a 50% decline in renal function. In linear regression, iron was associated with sex, hemoglobin (Hb), and nutritional markers. In a fully adjusted Cox regression model, the male patients with normal iron had a significantly decreased risk of renal outcomes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.718; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.579 to 0.889), but the female patients did not exhibit this association. The non-anemic patients (Hb ≥ 11 g/dL) had a decreased risk of renal outcomes (HR 0.715; 95% CI 0.568 to 0.898), but the anemic patients did not. In the sensitivity analysis, transferrin saturation (TSAT) showed similar results. When comparing iron and TSAT, both indicators showed similar prognostic values. In conclusion, iron deficiency, indicated by either iron or iron saturation, was associated with poor renal outcomes in the male or non-anemic patients with CKD stage 1–4.
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Dodd KC, Menon M. Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945762. [PMID: 36505451 PMCID: PMC9730535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a significant sex dimorphism, with women showing increased susceptibility to disease. This is, at least in part, due to sex-dependent differences in the immune system that are influenced by the complex interplay between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, with contribution from sociological factors, diet and gut microbiota. Sex differences are evident in the number and function of lymphocyte populations. Women mount a stronger pro-inflammatory response than males, with increased lymphocyte proliferation, activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, whereas men display expanded regulatory cell subsets. Ageing alters the immune landscape of men and women in differing ways, resulting in changes in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Here we review the current literature on sex differences in lymphocyte function, the factors that influence this, and the implications for autoimmune disease. We propose that improved understanding of sex bias in lymphocyte function can provide sex-specific tailoring of treatment strategies for better management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Dodd
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Madhvi Menon,
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Ghandour M, Yamin JB, Arnetz JE, Lumley MA, Stemmer PM, Burghardt P, Jamil H, Arnetz BB. Association Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Mental Health Symptoms in Middle Eastern Refugees in the US. Cureus 2022; 14:e28246. [PMID: 36158450 PMCID: PMC9498960 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Refugees are at increased risk for trauma-related mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The underlying biological mechanisms linking trauma to mental disorders need additional study, and the possible pathophysiological role of the immune system is attracting increasing interest. In this study, we investigated whether two well-known pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL-8) and IL-6) are associated with mental health symptoms in Middle Eastern refugees displaced to the United States. Methods: Refugees (n=64, mean age=37.6 years) ages ranged from 21 to 74 years (mean=37.62, SD=11.84) were interviewed one month after arrival in Michigan, United States, using a validated survey in Arabic. Questions covered pre-displacement trauma, current anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. Blood, collected immediately following the interview, was analyzed for the levels of interleukins. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the association between mental health symptoms and IL-6 and IL-8. Results: In multivariate modeling, older age (β=0.37; p<0.01) and anxiety (β=0.31; p<0.05) were positively associated with IL-8. Age (β=0.28; p<0.05) and pre-displacement trauma (β=0.40; p<0.05) were positively associated with IL-6. Depression (β=-0.38) was negatively associated with IL-6. Conclusion/relevance: This study of inflammatory biomarkers suggests the possibility of differential associations between mental health symptoms (anxiety and depression) and pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-8). To enhance our ability to prevent and more effectively treat trauma-exposed refugees, we need to better understand the neuroinflammatory mechanisms contributing to mental disorders.
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Leposavić G, Stojić-Vukanić Z. Biomarkers of aging-associated chronic inflammation as a prognostic factor for human longevity. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well-established that age-associated low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to the development of a spectrum of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative diseases, which affect the quality of life of the elderly and influence their life span. This phenomenon is suggested to arise due to the weakening of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response, and the persistence of exogenous and endogenous (reflecting oxidative cell injury) antigenic challenges, so it is referred to as oxi-inflamm-aging. Considering that the development of age-associated chronic inflammation is "silent", i.e., without clinical signs until the aforementioned complications become apparent, it is important to identify the biomarker(s) or pattern/cluster of biomarkers for this inflammation. It is also important to define new strategies to combat the "silent" damage induced by chronic inflammation. Given that at present there are no reliable biomarkers for chronic inflammation, this review points out the problems in defining biomarker(s) or patterns/clusters of biomarkers for chronic inflammation in order to stimulate further research and points to some possible routes of investigation.
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Santoro A, Bientinesi E, Monti D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101422. [PMID: 34391943 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays a critical role in most chronic diseases in older people. For a long time, immunosenescence has been considered detrimental because it may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation we proposed to call "inflammaging" and a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations. Recently, many scientists revised this negative meaning because it can be considered an essential adaptation/remodeling resulting from the lifelong immunological biography of single individuals from an evolutionary perspective. Inflammaging can be considered an adaptive process because it can trigger an anti-inflammatory response to counteract the age-related pro-inflammatory environment. Centenarians represent a valuable model to study the beneficial changes occurring in the IS with age. These extraordinary individuals reached the extreme limits of human life by slowing down the aging process and, in most cases, delaying, avoiding or surviving the major age-associated diseases. They indeed show a complex and heterogeneous phenotype determined by an improved ability to adapt and remodel in response to harmful stimuli. This review aims to point out the intimate relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and how these processes impact unsuccessful aging rather than longevity. We also describe the gut microbiota age-related changes as one of the significant triggers of inflammaging and the sex/gender differences in the immune system of the elderly, contributing to the sex/gender disparity in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and severity of age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss how these phenomena could influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
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Fu S, Ping P, Li Y, Li B, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Zhang P. Centenarian longevity had inverse relationships with nutritional status and abdominal obesity and positive relationships with sex hormones and bone turnover in the oldest females. J Transl Med 2021; 19:436. [PMID: 34663361 PMCID: PMC8522151 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The number of older people is estimated to increase from 524 million in 2010 to 1.5 billion in 2050. The factors and models of human longevity and successful aging are questions that have intrigued individuals for thousands of years. For the first time, the current study was designed to investigate the relationships between sex hormones, bone turnover, abdominal obesity, nutritional status and centenarian longevity in the oldest females. Methods The China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study was performed in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Province using standard methodology in 500 centenarian females and 237 oldest females aged between 80 and 99 years. Results Centenarians were inversely associated with the geriatric nutritional risk index [Exp(B) (95% CI): 0.901 (0.883–0.919)] and abdominal obesity [Exp(B) (95% CI): 0.719 (0.520–0.996)] and positively associated with prolactin [Exp(B) (95% CI): 1.073 (1.044–1.103)], progesterone [Exp(B) (95% CI): 44.182 (22.036–88.584)], estradiol [Exp(B) (95% CI): 1.094 (1.071–1.119)], osteocalcin [Exp(B) (95% CI): 1.041 (1.028–1.054)], β-crossLaps [Exp(B) (95% CI): 63.141 (24.482–162.848)] and parathyroid [Exp(B) (95% CI): 1.022 (1.013–1.031)] hormone levels (P < 0.05 for all). The geriatric nutritional risk index and abdominal obesity were inversely associated with luteinizing hormone [β coefficient (95% CI): − 0.001 (− 0.002 to 0.001)]; Exp(B) (95% CI): 0.985 (0.974–0.996)], follicle-stimulating hormone [β coefficient (95% CI): 0.000 (− 0.001 to 0.000)]; Exp(B) (95% CI): 0.990 (0.985–0.996)], osteocalcin [β coefficient (95% CI): − 0.001 (− 0.001 to 0.000)]; Exp(B) (95% CI): 0.987(0.977–0.997)] and β-crossLaps [β coefficient (95% CI): − 0.100 (− 0.130 to 0.071)]; Exp(B) (95% CI): 0.338 (0.166–0.689)] levels (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Centenarian longevity had inverse relationships with nutritional status and abdominal obesity and positive relationships with sex hormones and bone turnover. Nutritional status and abdominal obesity had inverse relationships with sex hormones and bone turnover. Increased sex hormones and bone turnover may be representative of centenarian longevity. Optimizing nutritional status and avoiding abdominal obesity may increase sex hormones and bone turnover and promote centenarian longevity and successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Fu
- Cardiology Department, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. .,Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Ping
- Pharmacy Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Cardiology Department, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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Simvastatin therapy attenuates memory deficits that associate with brain monocyte infiltration in chronic hypercholesterolemia. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 34349106 PMCID: PMC8338939 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence associates cardiovascular risk factors with unfavorable systemic and neuro-inflammation and cognitive decline in the elderly. Cardiovascular therapeutics (e.g., statins and anti-hypertensives) possess immune-modulatory functions in parallel to their cholesterol- or blood pressure (BP)-lowering properties. How their ability to modify immune responses affects cognitive function is unknown. Here, we examined the effect of chronic hypercholesterolemia on inflammation and memory function in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice and normocholesterolemic wild-type mice. Chronic hypercholesterolemia that was accompanied by moderate blood pressure elevations associated with apparent immune system activation characterized by increases in circulating pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in ApoE-/- mice. The persistent low-grade immune activation that is associated with chronic hypercholesterolemia facilitates the infiltration of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes into the brain of aged ApoE-/- but not wild-type mice, and links to memory dysfunction. Therapeutic cholesterol-lowering through simvastatin reduced systemic and neuro-inflammation, and the occurrence of memory deficits in aged ApoE-/- mice with chronic hypercholesterolemia. BP-lowering therapy alone (i.e., hydralazine) attenuated some neuro-inflammatory signatures but not the occurrence of memory deficits. Our study suggests a link between chronic hypercholesterolemia, myeloid cell activation and neuro-inflammation with memory impairment and encourages cholesterol-lowering therapy as safe strategy to control hypercholesterolemia-associated memory decline during ageing.
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Tianle W, Yingying Z, Baojian H, Juanfang G, Hongzhi W, Yasong L. The changes in bone turnover markers of female systemic lupus erythematousus patients without glucocorticoid. Lupus 2021; 30:965-971. [PMID: 33715496 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease, which can affect the level of bone metabolism and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of SLE on bone turnover markers without the influence of glucocorticoids. METHODS A total of 865 female subjects were recruited from Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and the First Hospital of Jiaxing, including 391 SLE patients without the influence of glucocorticoids and 474 non-SLE people. We detected Bone turnover markers including amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), C-terminal turnover of β - I collagen (β-CTX), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (NMID) and 25(OH)D, and analyzed the difference in Bone turnover markers between the SLE group and the control group, as well as the influence of age and season on bone metabolism in female SLE patients. RESULTS In the SLE group, the average age was 43.93±13.95 years old. In the control group, the average age was 44.84±11.42 years old. There was no difference between the two groups (t = 1.03, P = 0.30). P1NP, NMID and 25(OH)D in the SLE group were significantly lower than those in the control group (Z = 8.44, p < 0.001; Z = 14.41, p < 0.001; Z = 2.19, p = 0.029), and β-CTX in the SLE group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Z = 2.61, p = 0.009). In addition, the levers of β-CTX, NMID, P1NP and 25(OH)D in older SLE female patients were statistically significantly higher than those in younger (ρ = 0.104, p = 0.041; ρ = 0.223, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.105, p = 0.038; ρ = 0.289, p < 0.001). Moreover, β-CTX reached a high value in summer and PINP reached a low value in winter. CONCLUSION The bone formation markers of female SLE patients without glucocorticoid were lower than those of normal people and the bone resorption marker was higher than that of normal people. The 25 (OH) D of female SLE patients without glucocorticoid was lower than that of normal people. The risk of osteoporosis and fracture may be higher in elderly women with SLE. The bone resorption level of female SLE patients is high in summer and the bone formation level is low in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tianle
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yingying
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Baojian
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gu Juanfang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wang Hongzhi
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Yasong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Rodriguez IJ, Lalinde Ruiz N, Llano León M, Martínez Enríquez L, Montilla Velásquez MDP, Ortiz Aguirre JP, Rodríguez Bohórquez OM, Velandia Vargas EA, Hernández ED, Parra López CA. Immunosenescence Study of T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604591. [PMID: 33519813 PMCID: PMC7843425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is accompanied by alterations in immune response which leads to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammatory disorders. This decline in immune function is termed as immunosenescence; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Experimental approaches of adaptive immunity, particularly for T cells, have been the main focus of immunosenescence research. This systematic review evaluates and discusses T cell markers implicated in immunosenescence. Objective To determine the best flow cytometry markers of circulating T cells associated with immunosenescence. Methods We systematically queried PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and BVS databases for original articles focused on two age groups of healthy humans: 18–44 (young adults) and >60 (older adults) years. In accordance with the Cochrane methodology, we synthesized data through qualitative descriptions and quantitative random effects meta-analysis due to extensive heterogeneity. Results A total of 36 studies conducted in the last 20 years were included for the qualitative analysis and four out of these studies were used to perform the meta-analysis. A significant decrease in naïve T cell subset was observed in older adults compared to young adults. Primary markers used to identify senescent cells were loss of CD28 and increased expression of CD57 and KLRG1 in terminally-differentiated memory T cell subset in older adults. Moreover, we observed an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and decrease in telomere length in old adult T cells. It was not possible to perform quantitative synthesis on cell markers, cytokines, and telomere length because of the significant variations between the groups, which is attributed to differences in protocols and unreported measurements, thus generating a high risk of bias. Conclusions Heterogeneity among studies in terms of data report, measurement techniques and high risk of bias were major impediments for performing a robust statistical analysis that could aid the identification of eligible flow cytometry markers of immunosenescence phenotype in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivon Johanna Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Lalinde Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuela Llano León
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Martínez Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Pablo Ortiz Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Esteban Alejandro Velandia Vargas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar Debray Hernández
- Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Parra López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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14
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Brown KA, Davidson EJ, Johnson AL, Wulster KB, Ortved K. Inflammatory cytokines in horses with cervical articular process joint osteoarthritis on standing cone beam computed tomography. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:944-954. [PMID: 33222300 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standing cone beam computed tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional imaging of the caudal cervical articular process joints (CAPJs) in the sedated horse, though the clinical implications of osteoarthritis (OA) identified on CT in this location are unknown. Increases in concentrations of intra-synovial cytokines could lend support to the clinical significance of CAPJ OA identified on this imaging modality. OBJECTIVES Investigate the presence and concentration of intra-synovial inflammatory cytokines in CAPJs with and without standing cone beam CT evidence of OA using an equine specific multiplex assay. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. METHODS Standing cone beam CT of C5-6 and C6-7 was performed on horses with CAPJ OA and control horses. Synovial fluid samples of the CAPJs of C5-6 and C6-7 were obtained bilaterally using ultrasound guidance and analysed for concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNFα with the Milliplex® multi-analyte profiling kit. CT Images were retrospectively graded using a novel grading scheme. Significant differences between concentrations of inflammatory cytokines between joints with different categories of osteoarthritis severity were explored using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Concentrations of intra-synovial cytokines were higher in joints with moderate to severe OA when compared to joints with no or mild OA, with differences in concentrations of IL-17 reaching statistical significance (P = .007). MAIN LIMITATIONS Limitations include discrepancy in number, age, and breed between control and OA populations, use of a novel grading scheme, and lack of a histologic gold-standard to confirm the presence and severity of CAPJ OA. CONCLUSIONS Differences in inflammatory cytokines between caudal CAPJs with and without evidence of moderate to severe osteoarthritis on standing cone beam CT exist. This finding lends support to the clinical relevance of a diagnosis of moderate to severe CAPJ OA in the caudal cervical vertebral column as identified with this imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Brown
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Amy L Johnson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn B Wulster
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Kyla Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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15
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Kane AE, Keller KM, Heinze-Milne S, Grandy SA, Howlett SE. A Murine Frailty Index Based on Clinical and Laboratory Measurements: Links Between Frailty and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Differ in a Sex-Specific Manner. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:275-282. [PMID: 29788087 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A frailty index (FI) based on clinical deficit accumulation (FI-Clinical) quantifies frailty in aging mice. We aimed to develop a laboratory test-based murine FI tool (FI-Lab) and to investigate the effects of age and sex on FI-Lab scores, FI-Clinical scores, and the combination (FI-Combined), as well as to explore links between frailty and inflammation. Studies used older (17 and 23 months) C57BL/6 mice of both sexes. We developed an FI-Lab (blood pressure, blood chemistry, echocardiography) based on deviation from reference values in younger adults (12 months), which showed similar characteristics to a human FI-Lab tool. Interestingly, while FI-Clinical scores were higher in females, the opposite was true for FI-Lab scores and there was no sex difference in FI-Combined scores. All three FI tools revealed a positive correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and frailty in aging mice that differed between the sexes. Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-9, and interferon-γ were associated with higher FI scores in aging females, while levels of IL-12p40 rose as FI scores increased in older males. Thus, an FI tool based on common laboratory tests can quantify frailty in mice; the positive correlation between inflammation and frailty scores in naturally aging mice differs between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M Keller
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stefan Heinze-Milne
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Scott A Grandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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16
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Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Kämmerer T, Rosshirt N, Nees TA, Koniezke P, Tripel E, Schiltenwolf M, Kirsch J, Hagmann S, Moradi B. Divergent Mononuclear Cell Participation and Cytokine Release Profiles Define Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101631. [PMID: 31590365 PMCID: PMC6832735 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease driven by a blend of inflammatory and biomechanical processes. Studies using human samples to understand inflammatory mechanisms in OA frequently recruit OA patients with different affected joints, even though recent evidence indicates that OA is a heterogeneous disease which only culminates in a common end point. Differences in age of onset and the dynamics of disease progression suggest that different joints may represent different disease entities, thereby diluting the discovery potential in a combined analysis. We hypothesized that different OA joints may also differ in immunopathology within the synovium. To investigate this hypothesis, we profiled the immune cell contribution (flow cytometry) and cytokine release profiles (ELISA) in purified synovial membrane mononuclear cells from 50 patients undergoing either hip (n = 34) or knee (n = 16) replacement surgery. Unsupervised computational approaches were used for disease deconstruction. We found that hip and knee osteoarthritis are not identical in respect to the inflammatory processes that take place in the synovial membrane. Instead, we report that principally CD14+ macrophages are expanded fourfold in the synovial membrane of patients with knee OA compared to hip OA, with a trend to higher expression in CD8+ T cells, while CD4+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells were found at comparable quantities. Upon isolation and culture of cells from synovial membrane, isolates from hip OA released higher concentrations of Eotaxin (CCL11), G-CSF, GM-CSF, INF-γ, IP-10 (CXCL10), TNF-α, MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and lower concentrations of stem cell factor (SCF), thereby highlighting the difference in the nature of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Taken together, this study establishes hip and knee OA as immunologically distinct types of OA, and creates a resource of the cytokine expression landscape and mononuclear cell infiltration pattern of patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Till Kämmerer
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nils Rosshirt
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Timo A Nees
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Koniezke
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Elena Tripel
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Schiltenwolf
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kirsch
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Hagmann
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Babak Moradi
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Schlierbacher, Landstr, 200a 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Bravo-Ferrer I, Cuartero MI, Medina V, Ahedo-Quero D, Peña-Martínez C, Pérez-Ruíz A, Fernández-Valle ME, Hernández-Sánchez C, Fernández-Salguero PM, Lizasoain I, Moro MA. Lack of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor accelerates aging in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:12644-12654. [PMID: 31483997 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901333r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, largely known for its role in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification as well as its crucial role as a regulator of inflammation. Here, we have compared a cohort wild-type and AhR-null mice along aging to study the relationship between this receptor and age-associated inflammation, termed as "inflammaging," both at a systemic and the CNS level. Our results show that AhR deficiency is associated with a premature aged phenotype, characterized by early inflammaging, as shown by an increase in plasma cytokines levels. The absence of AhR also promotes the appearance of brain aging anatomic features, such as the loss of the white matter integrity. In addition, AhR-/- mice present an earlier spatial memory impairment and an enhanced astrogliosis in the hippocampus when compared with their age-matched AhR+/+ controls. Importantly, we have found that AhR protein levels decrease with age in this brain structure, strongly suggesting a link between AhR and aging.-Bravo-Ferrer, I., Cuartero, M. I., Medina, V., Ahedo-Quero, D., Peña-Martínez, C., Pérez-Ruíz, A., Fernández-Valle, M. E., Hernández-Sánchez, C., Fernández-Salguero, P. M., Lizasoain, I., Moro, M. A. Lack of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor accelerates aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bravo-Ferrer
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Cuartero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Violeta Medina
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalia Ahedo-Quero
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Peña-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Encarnación Fernández-Valle
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN), Centro de Apoyo a la Investigación (CAI) de Bioimagen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro M Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Moro
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Galli E, Hartmann FJ, Schreiner B, Ingelfinger F, Arvaniti E, Diebold M, Mrdjen D, van der Meer F, Krieg C, Nimer FA, Sanderson N, Stadelmann C, Khademi M, Piehl F, Claassen M, Derfuss T, Olsson T, Becher B. GM-CSF and CXCR4 define a T helper cell signature in multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 2019; 25:1290-1300. [PMID: 31332391 PMCID: PMC6689469 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is a central driver of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we sought to determine the characteristic cellular and cytokine polarization profile in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Using a combination of neural network-based representation learning algorithms, we identified an expanded T helper cell subset in MS patients, characterized by the expression of GM-CSF and the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4. This cellular signature, which includes expression of very late antigen 4 (VLA4) in peripheral blood, was also enriched in the central nervous system of RRMS patients. In independent validation cohorts, we confirmed that this cell population is increased in MS patients compared to other inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Lastly, we also found the population to be reduced under effective disease-modifying therapy, suggesting that the identified T cell profile represents a specific therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix J Hartmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eirini Arvaniti
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Diebold
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Sanderson
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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The Preventive Effects of Greenshell Mussel ( Perna canaliculus) on Early-Stage Metabolic Osteoarthritis in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071601. [PMID: 31311115 PMCID: PMC6683089 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is rising worldwide, with the most pronounced increase being in the category of metabolic-associated osteoarthritis (MetOA). This is predicted to worsen with the global rise in aging societies and obesity. To address this health burden, research is being conducted to identify foods that can reduce the incidence or severity of MetOA. Oil from the Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) (GSM), a native New Zealand shellfish, has been successfully used to reduce OA symptoms. The current study assessed the effect of including flash-dried powder from whole GSM meat as part of a normal (control) versus high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet for 13 weeks on the development of MetOA in rats. Rats fed a HFHS diet developed metabolic dysregulation and obesity with elevated plasma leptin and HbA1C concentrations. Visible damage to knee joint cartilage was minimal, but plasma levels of C telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), a biomarker of cartilage degradation, were markedly higher in HFHS-fed rats compared to control-fed rats. However, rats fed the HFHS diet containing GSM had significantly reduced serum CTX-II. Inclusion of GSM in rats fed the control diet also lowered CTX-II. These findings suggest that dietary GSM can reduce the incidence or slow the progression of early MetOA.
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Flanagan KL, Fink AL, Plebanski M, Klein SL. Sex and Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Vaccination over the Life Course. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 33:577-599. [PMID: 28992436 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Both sex (i.e., biological differences) and gender (i.e., social or cultural influences) impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Clinical data illustrate that among children, young adults, and aged individuals, males and females differ in vaccine-induced immune responses, adverse events, and protection. Although males are more likely to receive vaccines, following vaccination, females typically develop higher antibody responses and report more adverse effects of vaccination than do males. Human, nonhuman animal, and in vitro studies reveal numerous immunological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that differ between males and females and contribute to sex- and gender-specific vaccine responses and outcomes. Herein, we address the impact of sex and gender variables that should be considered in preclinical and clinical studies of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800; ,
| | - Ashley L Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; ,
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800; ,
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; ,
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Rea IM, Gibson DS, McGilligan V, McNerlan SE, Alexander HD, Ross OA. Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 29686666 PMCID: PMC5900450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems to be a marker of unsuccessful aging. This reshaping of cytokine expression pattern, with a progressive tendency toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called "inflamm-aging." Despite research there is no clear understanding about the causes of "inflamm-aging" that underpin most major age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and aging itself. While inflammation is part of the normal repair response for healing, and essential in keeping us safe from bacterial and viral infections and noxious environmental agents, not all inflammation is good. When inflammation becomes prolonged and persists, it can become damaging and destructive. Several common molecular pathways have been identified that are associated with both aging and low-grade inflammation. The age-related change in redox balance, the increase in age-related senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the decline in effective autophagy that can trigger the inflammasome, suggest that it may be possible to delay age-related diseases and aging itself by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecular mechanisms or improving the timely resolution of inflammation. Conversely there may be learning from molecular or genetic pathways from long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality aging. Here, we will discuss some of the current ideas and highlight molecular pathways that appear to contribute to the immune imbalance and the cytokine dysregulation, which is associated with "inflammageing" or parainflammation. Evidence of these findings will be drawn from research in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
- Care of Elderly Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGilligan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. McNerlan
- Regional Genetics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - H. Denis Alexander
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Ren G, Lutz I, Railton P, Wiley JP, McAllister J, Powell J, Krawetz RJ. Serum and synovial fluid cytokine profiling in hip osteoarthritis: distinct from knee osteoarthritis and correlated with pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:39. [PMID: 29402254 PMCID: PMC5800026 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is associated with the onset and progression of osteoarthritis in multiple joints. It is well known that mechanical properties differ between different joints, however, it remains unknown if the inflammatory process is similar/distinct in patients with hip vs. knee OA. Without complete understanding of the role of any specific cytokine in the inflammatory process, understanding the ‘profile’ of inflammation in a given patient population is an essential starting point. The aim of this study was to identify serum cytokine profiles in hip Osteoarthritis (OA), and investigate the association between cytokine concentrations and clinical measurements within this patient population and compare these findings to knee OA and healthy control cohorts. Methods In total, 250 serum samples (100 knee OA, 50 hip OA and 100 control) and 37 synovial fluid samples (8 knee OA, 14 hip OA and 15 control) were analyzed using a multiplex ELISA based approach. Synovial biopsies were also obtained and examined for specific cytokines. Pain, physical function and activity within the hip OA cohort were examined using the HOOS, SF-36, HHS and UCLA outcome measures. Results The three cohorts showed distinct serum cytokine profiles. EGF, FGF2, MCP3, MIP1α, and IL8 were differentially expressed between hip and knee OA cohorts; while FGF2, GRO, IL8, MCP1, and VEGF were differentially expressed between hip OA and control cohorts. Eotaxin, GRO, MCP1, MIP1β, VEGF were differentially expressed between knee OA and control cohorts. EGF, IL8, MCP1, MIP1β were differentially expressed in synovial fluid from a sub-set of patients from each cohort. Specifically within the hip OA cohort, IL-6, MDC and IP10 were associated with pain and were also found to be present in synovial fluid and synovial membrane (except IL-6) of patients with hip OA. Conclusion OA may include different inflammatory subtypes according to affected joints and distinct inflammatory processes may drive OA in these joints. IL6, MDC and IP10 are associated with hip OA pain and these proteins may be able to provide additional information regarding pain in hip OA patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-018-1955-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Ren
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ian Lutz
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - J Preston Wiley
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Sports Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenelle McAllister
- Sports Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Powell
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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23
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Lauretta R, Sansone M, Sansone A, Romanelli F, Appetecchia M. Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4847376. [PMID: 30420884 PMCID: PMC6215564 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4847376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender- and sex- related differences represent a new frontier towards patient-tailored medicine, taking into account that theoretically every medical specialty can be influenced by both of them. Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology. With the term Gender we refer, instead, to behaviors, roles, expectations, and activities carried out by the individual in society. In other words, "gender" refers to a sociocultural sphere of the individual, whereas "sex" only defines the biological sex. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to understand the influence that gender can have on both the human physiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Even the clinical response to therapy may be influenced by sex hormones and gender, but further research is needed to investigate and clarify how they can affect the human pathophysiology. The path to a tailored medicine in which every patient is able to receive early diagnosis, risk assessments, and optimal treatments cannot exclude the importance of gender. In this review, we have focused our attention on the involvement of sex hormones and gender on different endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lauretta
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Endocrinology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Appetecchia
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Endocrinology Unit, Rome, Italy
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Valverde-Villegas JM, de Medeiros RM, Ellwanger JH, Santos BR, Melo MGD, Almeida SEDM, Chies JAB. High CXCL10/IP-10 levels are a hallmark in the clinical evolution of the HIV infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 57:51-58. [PMID: 29122683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of plasma CXCL10, CCL20, CCL22, CCL2, CCL17 and CCL24 levels in HIV-positive patients grouped according to extreme phenotypes of progression to AIDS, and at different stages of HIV infection. HIV-positive individuals with extreme phenotypes of AIDS progression (n=58) at different clinical stages (chronic individuals, both pre-HAART and under-HAART) and HIV-negative controls (n=20) were evaluated. Additionally, HIV-positive individuals that initiated HAART with >350CD4+T-cells/mm3 were compared with those who initiated treatment with <350CD4+T-cells/mm3. Plasma levels of six chemokines were quantified by a Luminex assay. Higher CXCL10 levels were observed in individuals immediately before their CD4+T-cell levels were indicative for HAART (pre-HAART), independently of their progressor status, i.e. slow (SPs) or rapid progressors (RPs). SPs pre-HAART showed higher CXCL10 levels compared to elite controllers and RPs under HAART (pc=0.009 and pc=0.007, respectively). CXCL10 levels were higher in SPs HAART CD4<350 (initiated HAART with <350 CD4+T-cells) when compared with SPs HAART CD4>350 (initiated HAART with >350 CD4+T-cells) (1096 vs. 360.33pg/mL, p=0.0101). Normalisation of CXCL10 levels seems to depend on the CD4+T-cell nadir at HAART initiation. CCL20 levels were higher in chronic SPs, SPs pre-HAART, SPs HAART and RPs HAART compared with the HIV-negative controls, indicating persistent CCL20 expression. In conclusion, our results indicate that CXCL10 levels are a hallmark in the clinical evolution of HIV infection. However, our results must be verified in a study evaluating a larger number of AIDS progressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil; Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde - FEPPS, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Marília de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil; Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde - FEPPS, Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Breno Riegel Santos
- Serviço de Infectologia, Grupo Hospitalar Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Esteves de Matos Almeida
- Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde - FEPPS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale - FEEVALE, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil.
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Spindola LM, Pan PM, Moretti PN, Ota VK, Santoro ML, Cogo-Moreira H, Gadelha A, Salum G, Manfro GG, Mari JJ, Brentani H, Grassi-Oliveira R, Brietzke E, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Sato JR, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Gene expression in blood of children and adolescents: Mediation between childhood maltreatment and major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:24-30. [PMID: 28384542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Investigating major depressive disorder (MDD) in childhood and adolescence can help reveal the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to MDD, since early stages of disease have less influence of illness exposure. Thus, we investigated the mRNA expression of 12 genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation, neurodevelopment and neurotransmission in the blood of children and adolescents with MDD and tested whether a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) affects MDD through gene expression. Whole-blood mRNA levels of 12 genes were compared among 20 children and adolescents with MDD diagnosis (MDD group), 49 participants without MDD diagnosis but with high levels of depressive symptoms (DS group), and 61 healthy controls (HC group). The differentially expressed genes were inserted in a mediation model in which CM, MDD, and gene expression were, respectively, the independent variable, outcome, and intermediary variable. NR3C1, TNF, TNFR1 and IL1B were expressed at significantly lower levels in the MDD group than in the other groups. CM history did not exert a significant direct effect on MDD. However, an indirect effect of the aggregate expression of the 4 genes mediated the relationship between CM and MDD. In the largest study investigating gene expression in children with MDD, we demonstrated that NR3C1, TNF, TNFR1 and IL1B expression levels are related to MDD and conjunctly mediate the effect of CM history on the risk of developing MDD. This supports a role of glucocorticoids and inflammation as potential effectors of environmental stress in MDD.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Child
- Child Abuse/psychology
- Cohort Studies
- Depressive Disorder, Major/blood
- Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology
- Female
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Genetic Testing
- Humans
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Residence Characteristics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Maria Spindola
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Natalia Moretti
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jair Jesus Mari
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department & Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, PUCRS, Brazil
| | | | - Euripedes Constantino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department & Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil.
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Bravo-Alegria J, McCullough LD, Liu F. Sex differences in stroke across the lifespan: The role of T lymphocytes. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:127-137. [PMID: 28131898 PMCID: PMC5461203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. Ischemic sensitivity changes throughout the lifespan and outcomes depend largely on variables like age, sex, hormonal status, inflammation, and other existing risk factors. Immune responses after stroke play a central role in how these factors interact. Although the post-stroke immune response has been extensively studied, the contribution of lymphocytes to stroke is still not well understood. T cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses at both acute and chronic stages of stroke. T cell responses also change at different ages and are modulated by hormones and sex chromosome complement. T cells have also been implicated in the development of hypertension, one of the most important risk factors for vascular disease. In this review, we highlight recent literature on the lymphocytic responses to stroke in the context of age and sex, with a focus on T cell response and the interaction with important stroke risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Bravo-Alegria
- Department of Neurology, Univeristy of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, Univeristy of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Univeristy of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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27
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Ptackova P, Petrackova M, Hindos M, Duskova M, Hamsikova E, Klamova H, Pecherkova P, Humlova Z, Vonka V. Intracellular Cytokines Produced by Stimulated CD3+ Cells from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Acta Haematol 2017; 137:148-157. [PMID: 28376476 DOI: 10.1159/000458703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Our work examined the production of intracellular interferon (INF)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-4 by in vitro stimulated CD3+ cells from 38 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. At the time of diagnosis the percentages of cells producing INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 were strongly suppressed compared to those in healthy control subjects. Hematological remission achieved through treatment with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors was associated with a highly significant increase in the ratio of cells producing all 4 cytokines. The percentages of CD3+ cells producing cytokines were dependent on age, more so in CML patients than in healthy controls, and they negatively correlated with the number of leukocytes. Patients with an optimal therapy outcome possessed higher percentages of cytokine-producing CD3+ cells at diagnosis than those with nonoptimal outcomes. This difference was statistically significant in the case of INF-γ-producing cells, and it was on the brink of significance in the case of IL-2-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Ptackova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Swann JW, Woods K, Wu Y, Glanemann B, Garden OA. Characterisation of the Immunophenotype of Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168296. [PMID: 27942026 PMCID: PMC5152924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is reported to be the most common autoimmune disease of dogs, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in affected animals. Haemolysis is caused by the action of autoantibodies, but the immunological changes that result in their production have not been elucidated. Aims To investigate the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other lymphocyte subsets and to measure serum concentrations of cytokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of cytokine genes in dogs with IMHA, healthy dogs and dogs with inflammatory diseases. Animals 19 dogs with primary IMHA, 22 dogs with inflammatory diseases and 32 healthy control dogs. Methods Residual EDTA-anti-coagulated blood samples were stained with fluorophore-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry to identify Tregs and other lymphocyte subsets. Total RNA was also extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to investigate cytokine gene expression, and concentrations of serum cytokines (interleukins 2, 6 10, CXCL-8 and tumour necrosis factor α) were measured using enhanced chemiluminescent assays. Principal component analysis was used to investigate latent variables that might explain variability in the entire dataset. Results There was no difference in the frequency or absolute numbers of Tregs among groups, nor in the proportions of other lymphocyte subsets. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were greater in dogs with IMHA compared to healthy controls, but the concentration of IL-10 and the expression of cytokine genes did not differ between groups. Principal component analysis identified four components that explained the majority of the variability in the dataset, which seemed to correspond to different aspects of the immune response. Conclusions The immunophenotype of dogs with IMHA differed from that of dogs with inflammatory diseases and from healthy control dogs; some of these changes could suggest abnormalities in peripheral tolerance that permit development of autoimmune disease. The frequency of Tregs did not differ between groups, suggesting that deficiency in the number of these cells is not responsible for development of IMHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Swann
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawskhead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Woods
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Wu
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawskhead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawskhead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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29
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Franconi F, Rosano G, Basili S, Montella A, Campesi I. Human cells involved in atherosclerosis have a sex. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:983-1001. [PMID: 27915217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex has been largely described in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves many cell types such as vessel cells, immune cells and endothelial progenitor cells; however, many, if not all, studies do not report the sex of the cells. This review focuses on sex differences in human cells involved in the atherosclerotic process, emphasizing the role of sex hormones. Furthermore, we report sex differences and issues related to the processes that determine the fate of the cells such as apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. The analysis of the data reveals that there are still many gaps in our knowledge regarding sex influences in atherosclerosis, largely for the cell types that have not been well studied, stressing the urgent need for a clear definition of experimental conditions and the inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Research Center on Gender and Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Medicine (CEQUAM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy.
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Kim BS, Jacobs D, Emontzpohl C, Goetzenich A, Soppert J, Jarchow M, Schindler L, Averdunk L, Kraemer S, Marx G, Bernhagen J, Pallua N, Schlemmer HP, Simons D, Stoppe C. Myocardial Ischemia Induces SDF-1α Release in Cardiac Surgery Patients. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:230-238. [PMID: 27055858 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present observational study, we measured serum levels of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in 100 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at seven distinct time points including preoperative values, myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, and the postoperative course. Myocardial ischemia triggered a marked increase of SDF-1α serum levels whereas cardiac reperfusion had no significant influence. Perioperative SDF-1α serum levels were influenced by patients' characteristics (e.g., age, gender, aspirin intake). In an explorative analysis, we observed an inverse association between SDF-1α serum levels and the incidence of organ dysfunction. In conclusion, time of myocardial ischemia was identified as the key stimulus for a significant upregulation of SDF-1α, indicating its role as a marker of myocardial injury. The inverse association between SDF-1α levels and organ dysfunction association encourages further studies to evaluate its organoprotective properties in cardiac surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denise Jacobs
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josefin Soppert
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Jarchow
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa Schindler
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Pallua
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - David Simons
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Tanei R, Hasegawa Y. Atopic dermatitis in older adults: A viewpoint from geriatric dermatology. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:75-86. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Tanei
- Department of Dermatology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology; Itabashi Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuko Hasegawa
- Department of Geriatric Pathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology; Itabashi Tokyo Japan
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Dudele A, Fischer CW, Elfving B, Wegener G, Wang T, Lund S. Chronic exposure to low doses of lipopolysaccharide and high-fat feeding increases body mass without affecting glucose tolerance in female rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12584. [PMID: 26537342 PMCID: PMC4673625 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related inflammation may have a causal role in the development of diabetes and insulin resistance, and studies using animal models of chronic experimental endotoxemia have shown the link. However, many studies use only males, and much less is known about the role of obesity-related inflammation in females. Therefore, we addressed how experimentally induced chronic inflammation affects body mass, energy intake, and glucose metabolism in female rats. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were instrumented with slow release pellets that delivered a constant daily dose of 53 or 207 μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per rat for 60 days. Control rats were instrumented with vehicle pellets. Due to inflammatory nature of high-fat diet (HFD) half of the rats received HFD (60% of calories from lard), while the other half remained on control diet to detect possible interactions between two modes of induced inflammation. Our results showed that chronic LPS administration increased female rat body mass and calorie intake in a dose-dependent manner, and that HFD further exacerbated these effects. Despite these effects, no effects of LPS and HFD were evident on female rat glucose metabolism. Only LPS elevated expression of inflammatory markers in the hypothalamus. To conclude, female rats respond to experimentally induced chronic inflammation by increasing body mass, but do not develop glucose intolerance in the given period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Dudele
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina W Fischer
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Tobias Wang
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Giefing-Kröll C, Berger P, Lepperdinger G, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination. Aging Cell 2015; 14:309-21. [PMID: 25720438 PMCID: PMC4406660 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Do men die young and sick, or do women live long and healthy? By trying to explain the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy, both biological and environmental aspects are presently being addressed. Besides age-related changes, both the immune and the endocrine system exhibit significant sex-specific differences. This review deals with the aging immune system and its interplay with sex steroid hormones. Together, they impact on the etiopathology of many infectious diseases, which are still the major causes of morbidity and mortality in people at old age. Among men, susceptibilities toward many infectious diseases and the corresponding mortality rates are higher. Responses to various types of vaccination are often higher among women thereby also mounting stronger humoral responses. Women appear immune-privileged. The major sex steroid hormones exhibit opposing effects on cells of both the adaptive and the innate immune system: estradiol being mainly enhancing, testosterone by and large suppressive. However, levels of sex hormones change with age. At menopause transition, dropping estradiol potentially enhances immunosenescence effects posing postmenopausal women at additional, yet specific risks. Conclusively during aging, interventions, which distinctively consider the changing level of individual hormones, shall provide potent options in maintaining optimal immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Giefing-Kröll
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of Innsbruck University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Peter Berger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of Innsbruck University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of Innsbruck University; Innsbruck Austria
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Grosse L, Carvalho LA, Wijkhuijs AJM, Bellingrath S, Ruland T, Ambrée O, Alferink J, Ehring T, Drexhage HA, Arolt V. Clinical characteristics of inflammation-associated depression: Monocyte gene expression is age-related in major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 44:48-56. [PMID: 25150007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammatory activation might only be present in a subgroup of depressed individuals in which immune processes are especially relevant to disease development. We aimed to analyze demographic, depression, and trauma characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with regard to inflammatory monocyte gene expression. Fifty-six naturalistically treated MDD patients (32 ± 12 years) and 57 healthy controls (HC; 31 ± 11 years) were analyzed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) and by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We determined the expression of 38 inflammatory and immune activation genes including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α and GRβ genes in purified CD14(+) monocytes using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Monocyte gene expression was age-dependent, particularly in MDD patients. Increased monocyte gene expression and decreased GRα/β ratio were only present in MDD patients aged ⩾ 28 years. Post hoc analyses of monocyte immune activation in patients <28 years showed two subgroups: a subgroup with a severe course of depression (recurrent type, onset <15 years) - additionally characterized by panic/arousal symptoms and childhood trauma - that had a monocyte gene expression similar to HC, and a second subgroup with a milder course of the disorder (73% first episode depression, onset ⩾15 years) - additionally characterized by the absence of panic symptoms - that exhibited a strongly reduced inflammatory monocyte activation compared to HC. In conclusion, monocyte immune activation was not uniformly raised in MDD patients but was increased only in patients of 28 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Livia A Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tillmann Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
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Sturgeon JA, Darnall BD, Zwickey HL, Wood LJ, Hanes DA, Zava DT, Mackey SC. Proinflammatory cytokines and DHEA-S in women with fibromyalgia: impact of psychological distress and menopausal status. J Pain Res 2014; 7:707-16. [PMID: 25506243 PMCID: PMC4259557 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s71344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though fibromyalgia is not traditionally considered an inflammatory disorder, evidence for elevated inflammatory processes has been noted in this disorder in multiple studies. Support for inflammatory markers in fibromyalgia has been somewhat equivocal to date, potentially due to inattention to salient patient characteristics that may affect inflammation, such as psychiatric distress and aging milestones like menopause. The current study examined the relationships between proinflammatory cytokines and hormone levels, pain intensity, and psychological distress in a sample of 34 premenopausal and postmenopausal women with fibromyalgia. Our results indicated significant relationships between interleukin-8 and ratings of pain catastrophizing (r=0.555, P<0.05), pain anxiety (r=0.559, P<0.05), and depression (r=0.551, P<0.05) for postmenopausal women but not premenopausal women (r,0.20 in all cases). Consistent with previous studies, ratios of interleukin-6 to interleukin-10 were significantly lower in individuals with greater levels of depressive symptoms (r=−0.239, P<0.05). Contrary to previous research, however, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate did not correlate with pain intensity or psychological or biological variables. The results of the current study highlight the importance of psychological functioning and milestones of aging in the examination of inflammatory processes in fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Sturgeon
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Beth D Darnall
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Heather L Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National College of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa J Wood
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Hanes
- Helfgott Research Institute, National College of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Sean C Mackey
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Sedighi S, Aghaei M, Musavi S, Nomali M. Relationship between Serum Level of Interleukin-2 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Disease Activity in Comparison with Control Group. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:MC16-8. [PMID: 25177590 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7903.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of surveys, there are not any validated biomarkers for SLE disease activity till now. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum level of IL-2 in patients with SLE and disease activity in comparison with control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 73 patients with lupus and 73 healthy subjects referred to the rheumatology clinic of 5 Azar Hospital in Gorgan (North of Iran).They were studied via convenience sampling during 2011-2012. Blood samples were taken from both groups and serum levels of interleukin -2 measured by Avi Bion Human IL-2 ELISA kit. Serum Level of IL-2 greater than 15 pg/ml defined positive and lesser than this amount defined negative. Disease activity evaluated with SLE disease activity index. Score greater than or equal to three or four defined as active disease. Data analysis conducted by SPSS software (version 16) and by using descriptive statistics and statistical tests. RESULTS Serum level of IL-2 was positive in 45.2% of sample studied and negative in 54.8% in case group, while in control group, serum level of IL-2 only in 11% of sample studied was positive and in 89% was negative. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between serum level of IL-2 and the SLE disease activity index (p=0.025). CONCLUSION This study showed the relationship between serum levels of IL-2 and disease activity, so this biomarker can be used as a clinical indicator for assessing disease activity in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sedighi
- Assistant Professor, Joint, Bone and Connective Tissue Research Centre (JBCRC), Golesatan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Aghaei
- Assistant Professor, Joint, Bone and Connective Tissue Research Centre (JBCRC), Golesatan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sara Musavi
- Medical Doctor, University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahin Nomali
- BSc of Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
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Dovjak P, Dorfer S, Föger-Samwald U, Kudlacek S, Marculescu R, Pietschmann P. Serum levels of sclerostin and dickkopf-1: effects of age, gender and fracture status. Gerontology 2014; 60:493-501. [PMID: 24943689 DOI: 10.1159/000358303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragility fractures, especially hip fractures, are a very common complication of osteoporosis in elderly subjects. Sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) are inhibitors of the canonical wnt signalling pathway and thus could be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related bone fragility. OBJECTIVE To investigate SOST and DKK-1 in a large group of geriatric patients with hip fractures and to relate the wnt inhibitors to age and gender. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a department of acute geriatric care in a district hospital in Upper Austria and a hospital in Vienna, Austria. A total of 256 geriatric patients (172 women and 84 men) and 67 young control subjects were selected after exclusion. Medical history was obtained, a comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed and serum levels of SOST, DKK-1 and bone formation markers were analysed. RESULTS DKK-1 levels increased with age and in the presence of hip fractures. In contrast, SOST levels were lower in patients with hip fractures. When compared to women, men had higher SOST levels but lower DKK-1 levels. CONCLUSION Serum levels of the inhibitors of the canonical wnt signalling pathway reflect different biological events and are useful for the study of bone fragility in geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dovjak
- Department of Geriatric Acute Care, Hospital of Gmunden, Gmunden, Austria
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Ogola GO, Ouma C, Jura WGZO, Muok EO, Colebunders R, Mwinzi PN. A non-synonymous polymorphism in IL-23R Gene (rs1884444) is associated with reduced risk to schistosomiasis-associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Kenyan population. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:316. [PMID: 24912586 PMCID: PMC4057813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Schistosomiasis co-infection is common among residents at the shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya. About 36% of this population initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) that complicates recovery. Several IL-23R alleles have been associated with susceptibility to both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases through T-helper type 17 (TH17) cells. However, whether or not variants within the IL-23R increase susceptibility to IRIS in western Kenya is unknown. The objective of the current study was to determine the association between IL-23R gene polymorphisms, CD4+ cell counts and HIV RNA levels and IRIS in HIV and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients undergoing highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Methods A three-month case–control study was conducted on antiretroviral naïve schistosomiasis/HIV co-infected fishermen starting HAART in Uyoma Rarieda, Siaya County, Kenya. Seventy one patients were sampled at baseline and followed up for three months, to establish if they developed Schistosoma-related IRIS. In addition, the CD4+ cell counts and HIV RNA levels were determined in pre- and post-administration of HAART. Variations at five polymorphic sites of IL-23R (rs1884444, rs11465754, rs6682925, rs7530511 and rs7539625) based on >10% minor allele frequency in Yoruban reference population was determined using Allelic Discrimination Assay. The association between the five variants and susceptibility to IRIS was determined using logistic regression while controlling for potential confounders. In addition, the functional differences between the baseline CD4 + Cell counts and viral loads were determined using medians while across IL-23R genotypes were determined using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Overall, 26 (36.6%) patients developed schistosomiasis-associated IRIS at a median age of 35.5 years. Carriage of the TT genotype at the non-synonymous rs1884444 T > G relative to GG, was associated with a decreased risk of schistosomiasis-associated IRIS (OR, 0.25, 95% CI, 0.07-0.96, P = 0.043) while both baseline CD4+ cell counts and viral loads had no association with IRIS. Conclusion These findings indicate that the non-synonymous variant rs1884444 T > G of IL-23R is associated with a decreased risk to schistosomiasis-associated IRIS. However, additional studies in a larger cohort and with an all inclusive polymorphic variants in the synonymous and non-synonymous regions need to be evaluated.
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Burska A, Boissinot M, Ponchel F. Cytokines as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:545493. [PMID: 24733962 PMCID: PMC3964841 DOI: 10.1155/2014/545493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RA is a complex disease that develops as a series of events often referred to as disease continuum. RA would benefit from novel biomarker development for diagnosis where new biomarkers are still needed (even if progresses have been made with the inclusion of ACPA into the ACR/EULAR 2010 diagnostic criteria) and for prognostic notably in at risk of evolution patients with autoantibody-positive arthralgia. Risk biomarkers for rapid evolution or cardiovascular complications are also highly desirable. Monitoring biomarkers would be useful in predicting relapse. Finally, predictive biomarkers for therapy outcome would allow tailoring therapy to the individual. Increasing numbers of cytokines have been involved in RA pathology. Many have the potential as biomarkers in RA especially as their clinical utility is already established in other diseases and could be easily transferable to rheumatology. We will review the current knowledge's relation to cytokine used as biomarker in RA. However, given the complexity and heterogeneous nature of RA, it is unlikely that a single cytokine may provide sufficient discrimination; therefore multiple biomarker signatures may represent more realistic approach for the future of personalised medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marjorie Boissinot
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK ; NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, The Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK ; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Translational Research in Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Group, Clinical Sciences Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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40
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Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI. Effects of menopause on autoimmune diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.12.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Casimir GJ, Lefèvre N, Corazza F, Duchateau J. Sex and inflammation in respiratory diseases: a clinical viewpoint. Biol Sex Differ 2013; 4:16. [PMID: 24128344 PMCID: PMC3765878 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses sex differences in the prognosis of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases. The consequences of severe inflammation vary in relation to sex, depending on illness duration. In the majority of acute diseases, males present higher mortality rates, whereas continuous chronic inflammation associated with tissue damage is more deleterious in females. The recruitment of cells, along with its clinical expression, is more significant in females, as reflected by higher inflammatory markers. Given that estrogens or androgens are known to modulate inflammation, their different levels in males and females cannot account for the sexual dimorphism observed in humans and animals from birth to death with regard to inflammation. Numerous studies evaluated receptors, cytokine production, and clinical outcomes in both animals and humans, revealing that estrogens clearly modulate the immune response, but the results are contradictory and difficult to link to hormone concentrations. Even in prepubescent children, the presentation of acute pneumonia or chronic diseases mimics the adult pattern. Several genes located on the X chromosome have been shown to encode molecules involved in inflammation. Moreover, 10% to 15% of the genes from silenced X chromosome may escape inhibition. Females are also a mosaic of cells with genes from either paternal or maternal X chromosome. Therefore, polymorphism of X-linked genes would result in the presence of two cell populations with distinct regulatory arsenals, providing females with greater diversity to fight against infectious challenges, in comparison with the uniform cell populations in hemizygous males. The similarities observed between males and Turner syndrome patients using an endotoxin stimulation model support the difference in gene expression between monosomy and disomy for the X chromosome. Considering the enhanced inflammation in females, cytokine production may be assumed to be higher in females than males. Even if all results are not clear-cut, nonetheless, many studies have reported higher cytokine levels in both male humans and animals than in females. High IL-6 levels in males correlated with poorer prognosis and shorter longevity. A sound understanding of the basic regulatory mechanisms responsible for these gender differences may lead to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges J Casimir
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Avenue JJ. Crocq 15, B-1020, Brussels, Belgium ; Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Place Arthur Van Gehuchten 4, B-1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Avenue JJ. Crocq 15, B-1020, Brussels, Belgium ; Laboratory of Immunology, Hôpital Universitaire Brugmann, Place Arthur Van Gehuchten, 4, B-1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hôpital Universitaire Brugmann, Place Arthur Van Gehuchten, 4, B-1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Duchateau
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Place Arthur Van Gehuchten 4, B-1020, Brussels, Belgium
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Slower immune system aging in women versus men in the Japanese population. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2013; 10:19. [PMID: 23675689 PMCID: PMC3663722 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-related differences in humans are commonly observed in behaviour, physical activity, disease, and lifespan. However, the notion that age-related changes in the immune system differ between men and women remains controversial. To elucidate the relationship between immunological changes and lifespan, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy Japanese subjects (age range: 20-90 years; N = 356) were analysed by using three-colour flow cytometry. The proliferative activities and cytokine-producing capacities of T cells in response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody stimulation were also assessed. RESULTS An age-related decline in the number of T cells, certain subpopulations of T cells (including CD8+ T cells, CD4+CDRA+ T cells, and CD8+CD28+ T cells), and B cells, and in the proliferative capacity of T cells was noted. The rate of decline in these immunological parameters, except for the number of CD8+ T cells, was greater in men than in women (p < 0.05). We observed an age-related increase or increasing trend in the number of CD4+ T cells, CD4+CDRO+ T cells, and natural killer (CD56+CD16+) cells, as well as in the CD4+ T cell/CD8+ T cell ratio. The rate of increase of these immunological parameters was greater in women than in men (p < 0.05). T cell proliferation index (TCPI) was calculated from the T cell proliferative activity and the number of T cells; it showed an age-related decline that was greater in men than in women (p < 0.05). T cell immune score, which was calculated using 5 T cell parameters, also showed an age-related decline that was greater in men than in women (p < 0.05). Moreover, a trend of age-related decreases was observed in IFNγ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 production, when lymphocytes were cultured with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody stimulation. The rate of decline in IL-6 and IL-10 production was greater in men than in women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Age-related changes in various immunological parameters differ between men and women. Our findings indicate that the slower rate of decline in these immunological parameters in women than that in men is consistent with the fact that women live longer than do men.
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García Verdecia B, Saavedra Hernández D, Lorenzo-Luaces P, de Jesús Badía Alvarez T, Leonard Rupalé I, Mazorra Herrera Z, Crombet Ramos T, Lage Dávila A. Immunosenescence and gender: a study in healthy Cubans. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2013; 10:16. [PMID: 23627933 PMCID: PMC3667016 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The progressive decline in the immune function during ageing is termed immunosenescence. Previous studies have reported differences between males and females in the distribution and cell responses of lymphocyte subsets. Most studies of immunosenescence have been done in populations of industrialized countries living in a rather cold environment, and facing lower antigenic challenges such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ageing on lymphocytes in a population with a high prevalence of CMV infection in all ages, and to compare gender differences related to the immunosenescence markers. Results Different populations of peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy young and old IgG-CMV seropositive individuals were examined using flow cytometry. With age, the number and frequency of B cells and T cells significantly decreased, while highly differentiated T cells increased. Such changes were different in males and females. The age-associated decline of less differentiated lymphocyte subsets (CD19, CD4 and CD8 cells) and the increase of highly differentiated T cells were more prominent in females. In males, there were no significant changes in CD19, CD4 and CD8 subsets but there was a significant increase in the proportion of highly differentiated T cells. Conclusion Shifts in lymphocyte subsets distribution were influenced by age and gender in an IgG-CMV seropositive population. These results suggest different patterns of immunosenescence in respect to gender differences. These patterns could have implications in the design of immunotherapy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz García Verdecia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, P,O, Box 16040, 216 St, Havana, Cuba.
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A consideration of biomarkers to be used for evaluation of inflammation in human nutritional studies. Br J Nutr 2013; 109 Suppl 1:S1-34. [PMID: 23343744 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation.
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Simen AA, Bordner KA, Martin MP, Moy LA, Barry LC. Cognitive dysfunction with aging and the role of inflammation. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2012; 2:175-95. [PMID: 23251749 DOI: 10.1177/2040622311399145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the average lifespan continues to climb because of advances in medical care, there is a greater need to understand the factors that contribute to quality of life in the elderly. The capacity to live independently is highly significant in this regard, but is compromised by cognitive dysfunction. Aging is associated with decreases in cognitive function, including impairments in episodic memory and executive functioning. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of advancing age. Although the mechanism of age-related cognitive decline is not yet known, age-related inflammatory changes are likely to play a role. New insights from preclinical and clinical research may give rise to novel therapeutics which may have efficacy in slowing or preventing cognitive decline with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Simen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Berghella AM, Contasta I, Del Beato T, Pellegrini P. The discovery of how gender influences age immunological mechanisms in health and disease, and the identification of ageing gender-specific biomarkers, could lead to specifically tailored treatment and ultimately improve therapeutic success rates. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:24. [PMID: 23148571 PMCID: PMC3546894 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The control of human health and diseases in the elderly population is becoming a challenge, since mean age and life expectation are progressively increasing as well as chronic degenerative diseases. These disorders are of complex diagnosis and they are difficult to be treated, but it is hoped that the predictive medicine will lead to more specific and effective treatment by using specific markers to identify persons with high risk of developing disease, before the clinical manifestation. Peripheral blood targets and biomarkers are currently the most practical, non-invasive means of disease diagnosing, predicting prognosis and therapeutic response. Human longevity is directly correlated with the optimal functioning of the immune system. Recent findings indicate that the sexual dimorphism of T helper (Th) cytokine pathways and the regulation of Th cell network homeostasis are normally present in the immune response and undergoes to adverse changes with ageing. Furthermore, immune senescence affects both men and women, but it does not affect them equally. Therefore, we hypothesize that the comprehension of the interferences between these gender specific pathways, the ageing immunological mechanism in pathological or healthy state and the current therapies, could lead to specifically tailored treatment and eventually improve the therapeutic success rates. Reaching this aim requires the identification of ageing gender-specific biomarkers that could easily reveal the above mentioned correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Berghella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT) via G Carducci, 32 - Rotilio Center, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Mah E, Bruno RS. Postprandial hyperglycemia on vascular endothelial function: mechanisms and consequences. Nutr Res 2012; 32:727-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hearps AC, Martin GE, Angelovich TA, Cheng WJ, Maisa A, Landay AL, Jaworowski A, Crowe SM. Aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and dysregulation of monocyte phenotype and function. Aging Cell 2012; 11:867-75. [PMID: 22708967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in older individuals is thought to contribute to inflammatory, age-related diseases. Human monocytes are comprised of three subsets (classical, intermediate and nonclassical subsets), and despite being critical regulators of inflammation, the effect of age on the functionality of monocyte subsets remains to be fully defined. In a cross-sectional study involving 91 healthy male (aged 20-84 years, median 52.4) and 55 female (aged 20-82 years, median 48.3) individuals, we found age was associated with an increased proportion of intermediate and nonclassical monocytes (P = 0.002 and 0.04, respectively) and altered phenotype of specific monocyte subsets (e.g. increased expression of CD11b and decreased expression of CD38, CD62L and CD115). Plasma levels of the innate immune activation markers CXCL10, neopterin (P < 0.001 for both) and sCD163 (P = 0.003) were significantly increased with age. Whilst similar age-related changes were observed in both sexes, monocytes from women were phenotypically different to men [e.g. lower proportion of nonclassical monocytes (P = 0.002) and higher CD115 and CD62L but lower CD38 expression] and women exhibited higher levels of CXCL10 (P = 0.012) and sCD163 (P < 0.001) but lower sCD14 levels (P < 0.001). Monocytes from older individuals exhibit impaired phagocytosis (P < 0.05) but contain shortened telomeres (P < 0.001) and significantly higher intracellular levels of TNF both at baseline and following TLR4 stimulation (P < 0.05 for both), suggesting a dysregulation of monocyte function in the aged. These data show that aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and significant changes in monocyte function, which may have implications for the development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Hearps
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, GPO Box 2284, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia.
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Rauner M, Sipos W, Thiele S, Pietschmann P. Advances in osteoimmunology: pathophysiologic concepts and treatment opportunities. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 160:114-25. [PMID: 23018236 DOI: 10.1159/000342426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is an emerging research area that deals with the mutual interactions between bone and the immune system. Osteoclasts have long been the center of attention in osteoimmunological research due to their hematopoietic origin and strong activation through cytokines. However, also the osteoclast's opponent - the osteoblast - has recently sought the spotlight, and novel functions of its descendant - the osteocyte - have been unraveled. A considerable number of investigations carried out over the past decade have identified critical proteins with osteoimmune functions including the pro-osteoclastic cytokine receptor activator of NF-ĸB ligand and inhibitors of the pro-osteoblastic Wnt signaling pathway. These discoveries have also led to the development of targeted therapies to counteract not only inflammation-induced bone loss but also postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
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Kudlacek S, Puntus T. [Osteoporosis in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2012; 162:380-5. [PMID: 22875632 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined as a continuous loss of bone mineral density accompanied by an increased fracture risk in females and males. A fall of estrogen concentrations at the menopause and the consecutive rapid bone loss are an established pathogenic mechanism in female osteoporosis. Males do not have a menopause equivalent during which significant amounts of bone are lost. Several diseases, therapeutic strategies and nutritional deficiencies may also result in bone loss and reduced bone mineral density. Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy in men. Suppression of endogenous androgen production as a therapeutic tool is commonly used in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer and is associated with significant bone loss and an increased fracture risk. Androgen deprivation therapy is prescribed both for men with locally advanced or high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer. Osteoclast inhibition with any of several bisphosphonates improves bone mineral density and reduces fracture risk. Denosumab (a monoclonal antibody against RANK ligand) and toremifene (a selective estrogen receptor modulator) recently have been shown to be effective to reduce vertebral fractures in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy. This overview focuses on cancer-treatment-induced bone loss in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kudlacek
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Medizinische Abteilung, Johannes von Gott Platz 1, 1020, Wien, Österreich.
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