1
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Asefa WR, Woo JN, Kim SY, Choi H, Sung H, Choi MS, Choi M, Yoon SE, Kim YJ, Suh BC, Kang K, Kwon JY. Molecular and cellular basis of sodium sensing in Drosophila labellum. iScience 2024; 27:110248. [PMID: 39015148 PMCID: PMC11250893 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Appropriate ingestion of salt is essential for physiological processes such as ionic homeostasis and neuronal activity. Generally, low concentrations of salt elicit attraction, while high concentrations elicit aversive responses. Here, we observed that sugar neurons in the L sensilla of the Drosophila labellum cf. responses to NaCl, while sugar neurons in the S-c sensilla do not respond to NaCl, suggesting that gustatory receptor neurons involved in NaCl sensing may employ diverse molecular mechanisms. Through an RNAi screen of the entire Ir and ppk gene families and molecular genetic approaches, we identified IR76b, IR25a, and IR56b as necessary components for NaCl sensing in the Drosophila labellum. Co-expression of these three IRs in heterologous systems such as S2 cells or Xenopus oocytes resulted in a current in response to sodium stimulation, suggesting formation of a sodium-sensing complex. Our results should provide insights for research on the diverse combinations constituting salt receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayessa Rahel Asefa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Nyeong Woo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Sung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Min Sung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Choi
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yoon
- Korea Drosophila Resource Center, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Korea Drosophila Resource Center, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kang
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sang J, Dhakal S, Shrestha B, Nath DK, Kim Y, Ganguly A, Montell C, Lee Y. A single pair of pharyngeal neurons functions as a commander to reject high salt in Drosophila melanogaster. eLife 2024; 12:RP93464. [PMID: 38573740 PMCID: PMC10994663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt (NaCl), is an essential nutrient for survival, while excessive salt can be detrimental. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, internal taste organs in the pharynx are critical gatekeepers impacting the decision to accept or reject a food. Currently, our understanding of the mechanism through which pharyngeal gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) sense high salt are rudimentary. Here, we found that a member of the ionotropic receptor family, Ir60b, is expressed exclusively in a pair of GRNs activated by high salt. Using a two-way choice assay (DrosoX) to measure ingestion volume, we demonstrate that IR60b and two co-receptors IR25a and IR76b are required to prevent high salt consumption. Mutants lacking external taste organs but retaining the internal taste organs in the pharynx exhibit much higher salt avoidance than flies with all taste organs but missing the three IRs. Our findings highlight the vital role for IRs in a pharyngeal GRN to control ingestion of high salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Nath
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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3
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Bontonou G, Saint-Leandre B, Kafle T, Baticle T, Hassan A, Sánchez-Alcañiz JA, Arguello JR. Evolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1047. [PMID: 38316749 PMCID: PMC10844241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory tissues exhibit significant between-species variability, yet the evolution of gene expression and cell types underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we conducted transcriptomic analyses of five chemosensory tissues from six Drosophila species and integrated the findings with single-cell datasets. While stabilizing selection predominantly shapes chemosensory transcriptomes, thousands of genes in each tissue have evolved expression differences. Genes that have changed expression in one tissue have often changed in multiple other tissues but at different past epochs and are more likely to be cell type-specific than unchanged genes. Notably, chemosensory-related genes have undergone widespread expression changes, with numerous species-specific gains/losses including novel chemoreceptors expression patterns. Sex differences are also pervasive, including a D. melanogaster-specific excess of male-biased expression in sensory and muscle cells in its forelegs. Together, our analyses provide new insights for understanding evolutionary changes in chemosensory tissues at both global and individual gene levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwénaëlle Bontonou
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bastien Saint-Leandre
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tane Kafle
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tess Baticle
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Afrah Hassan
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J Roman Arguello
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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4
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Sang J, Dhakal S, Shrestha B, Nath DK, Kim Y, Ganguly A, Montell C, Lee Y. A single pair of pharyngeal neurons functions as a commander to reject high salt in Drosophila melanogaster. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.17.562703. [PMID: 37904986 PMCID: PMC10614918 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Salt is an essential nutrient for survival, while excessive NaCl can be detrimental. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, internal taste organs in the pharynx are critical gatekeepers impacting the decision to accept or reject a food. Currently, our understanding of the mechanism through which pharyngeal gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) sense high salt are rudimentary. Here, we found that a member of the ionotropic receptor family, Ir60b, is expressed exclusively in a pair of GRNs activated by high salt. Using a two-way choice assay (DrosoX) to measure ingestion volume, we demonstrate that IR60b and two coreceptors IR25a and IR76b, are required to prevent high salt consumption. Mutants lacking external taste organs but retaining the internal taste organs in the pharynx exhibit much higher salt avoidance than flies with all taste organs but missing the three IRs. Our findings highlight the vital role for IRs in a pharyngeal GRN to control ingestion of high salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Nath
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA United States
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA United States
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
- Lead Contract
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5
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Peláez JN, Gloss AD, Goldman-Huertas B, Kim B, Lapoint RT, Pimentel-Solorio G, Verster KI, Aguilar JM, Nelson Dittrich AC, Singhal M, Suzuki HC, Matsunaga T, Armstrong EE, Charboneau JLM, Groen SC, Hembry DH, Ochoa CJ, O’Connor TK, Prost S, Zaaijer S, Nabity PD, Wang J, Rodas E, Liang I, Whiteman NK. Evolution of chemosensory and detoxification gene families across herbivorous Drosophilidae. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad133. [PMID: 37317982 PMCID: PMC10411586 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are exceptionally diverse, accounting for a quarter of all known eukaryotic species, but the genomic basis of adaptations that enabled this dietary transition remains poorly understood. Many studies have suggested that expansions and contractions of chemosensory and detoxification gene families-genes directly mediating interactions with plant chemical defenses-underlie successful plant colonization. However, this hypothesis has been challenging to test because the origins of herbivory in many insect lineages are ancient (>150 million years ago (mya)), obscuring genomic evolutionary patterns. Here, we characterized chemosensory and detoxification gene family evolution across Scaptomyza, a genus nested within Drosophila that includes a recently derived (<15 mya) herbivore lineage of mustard (Brassicales) specialists and carnation (Caryophyllaceae) specialists, and several nonherbivorous species. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that herbivorous Scaptomyza has among the smallest chemosensory and detoxification gene repertoires across 12 drosophilid species surveyed. Rates of gene turnover averaged across the herbivore clade were significantly higher than background rates in over half of the surveyed gene families. However, gene turnover was more limited along the ancestral herbivore branch, with only gustatory receptors and odorant-binding proteins experiencing strong losses. The genes most significantly impacted by gene loss, duplication, or changes in selective constraint were those involved in detecting compounds associated with feeding on living plants (bitter or electrophilic phytotoxins) or their ancestral diet (fermenting plant volatiles). These results provide insight into the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of plant-feeding adaptations and highlight gene candidates that have also been linked to other dietary transitions in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N Peláez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Andrew D Gloss
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Goldman-Huertas
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bernard Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard T Lapoint
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | | | - Kirsten I Verster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica M Aguilar
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna C Nelson Dittrich
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Malvika Singhal
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Hiromu C Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Teruyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ellie E Armstrong
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph L M Charboneau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Simon C Groen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David H Hembry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, TX 79762, USA
| | - Christopher J Ochoa
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy K O’Connor
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Prost
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophie Zaaijer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Jacobs Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
- FIND Genomics, New York, NY 10044, USA
| | - Paul D Nabity
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Esteban Rodas
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irene Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Noah K Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Benton R, Dahanukar A. Chemosensory Coding in Drosophila Single Sensilla. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:107803-pdb.top. [PMID: 36446528 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical senses-smell and taste-detect and discriminate an enormous diversity of environmental stimuli and provide fascinating but challenging models to investigate how sensory cues are represented in the brain. Important stimulus-coding events occur in peripheral sensory neurons, which express specific combinations of chemosensory receptors with defined ligand-response profiles. These receptors convert ligand recognition into spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity that are transmitted to, and interpreted in, central brain regions. Drosophila melanogaster provides an attractive model to study chemosensory coding because it possesses relatively simple peripheral olfactory and gustatory systems that display many organizational parallels to those of vertebrates. Moreover, nearly all peripheral chemosensory neurons have been molecularly characterized and are accessible for physiological analysis, as they are exposed on the surface of sensory organs housed in specialized hairs called sensilla. Here, we briefly review anatomical, molecular, and physiological properties of adult Drosophila olfactory and gustatory systems and provide background to methods for electrophysiological recordings of ligand-evoked activity from different types of chemosensory sensilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anupama Dahanukar
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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7
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Pelaez JN, Gloss AD, Goldman-Huertas B, Kim B, Lapoint RT, Pimentel-Solorio G, Verster KI, Aguilar JM, Dittrich ACN, Singhal M, Suzuki HC, Matsunaga T, Armstrong EE, Charboneau JL, Groen SC, Hembry DH, Ochoa CJ, O’Connor TK, Prost S, Zaaijer S, Nabity PD, Wang J, Rodas E, Liang I, Whiteman NK. Evolution of chemosensory and detoxification gene families across herbivorous Drosophilidae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532987. [PMID: 36993186 PMCID: PMC10055167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are exceptionally diverse, accounting for a quarter of all known eukaryotic species, but the genetic basis of adaptations that enabled this dietary transition remains poorly understood. Many studies have suggested that expansions and contractions of chemosensory and detoxification gene families - genes directly mediating interactions with plant chemical defenses - underlie successful plant colonization. However, this hypothesis has been challenging to test because the origins of herbivory in many lineages are ancient (>150 million years ago [mya]), obscuring genomic evolutionary patterns. Here, we characterized chemosensory and detoxification gene family evolution across Scaptomyza, a genus nested within Drosophila that includes a recently derived (<15 mya) herbivore lineage of mustard (Brassicales) specialists and carnation (Caryophyllaceae) specialists, and several non-herbivorous species. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that herbivorous Scaptomyza have among the smallest chemosensory and detoxification gene repertoires across 12 drosophilid species surveyed. Rates of gene turnover averaged across the herbivore clade were significantly higher than background rates in over half of the surveyed gene families. However, gene turnover was more limited along the ancestral herbivore branch, with only gustatory receptors and odorant binding proteins experiencing strong losses. The genes most significantly impacted by gene loss, duplication, or changes in selective constraint were those involved in detecting compounds associated with feeding on plants (bitter or electrophilic phytotoxins) or their ancestral diet (yeast and fruit volatiles). These results provide insight into the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of plant-feeding adaptations and highlight strong gene candidates that have also been linked to other dietary transitions in Drosophila .
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N. Pelaez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Andrew D. Gloss
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Goldman-Huertas
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bernard Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard T. Lapoint
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | | | - Kirsten I. Verster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica M. Aguilar
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna C. Nelson Dittrich
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Malvika Singhal
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon, OR, CA 97403, USA
| | - Hiromu C. Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Teruyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Joseph L.M. Charboneau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Simon C. Groen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Nematology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David H. Hembry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, TX 79762, USA
| | - Christopher J. Ochoa
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy K. O’Connor
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Prost
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophie Zaaijer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Jacobs Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
- FIND Genomics, New York, NY 10044, USA
| | - Paul D. Nabity
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Esteban Rodas
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irene Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Noah K. Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Liu H, Wu JJ, Li R, Wang PZ, Huang JH, Xu Y, Zhao JL, Wu PP, Li SJ, Wu ZX. Disexcitation in the ASH/RIM/ADL negative feedback circuit fine-tunes hyperosmotic sensation and avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1101628. [PMID: 37008778 PMCID: PMC10050701 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensations, especially nociception, are tightly controlled and regulated by the central and peripheral nervous systems. Osmotic sensation and related physiological and behavioral reactions are essential for animal well-being and survival. In this study, we find that interaction between secondary nociceptive ADL and primary nociceptive ASH neurons upregulates Caenorhabditis elegans avoidance of the mild and medium hyperosmolality of 0.41 and 0.88 Osm but does not affect avoidance of high osmolality of 1.37 and 2.29 Osm. The interaction between ASH and ADL is actualized through a negative feedback circuit consisting of ASH, ADL, and RIM interneurons. In this circuit, hyperosmolality-sensitive ADL augments the ASH hyperosmotic response and animal hyperosmotic avoidance; RIM inhibits ADL and is excited by ASH; thus, ASH exciting RIM reduces ADL augmenting ASH. The neuronal signal integration modality in the circuit is disexcitation. In addition, ASH promotes hyperosmotic avoidance through ASH/RIC/AIY feedforward circuit. Finally, we find that in addition to ASH and ADL, multiple sensory neurons are involved in hyperosmotic sensation and avoidance behavior.
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9
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Molecular sensors in the taste system of Drosophila. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:693-707. [PMID: 36828965 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most animals, including humans and insects, consume foods based on their senses. Feeding is mostly regulated by taste and smell. Recent insect studies shed insight into the cross-talk between taste and smell, sweetness and temperature, sweetness and texture, and other sensory modality pairings. Five canonical tastes include sweet, umami, bitter, salty, and sour. Furthermore, other receptors that mediate the detection of noncanonical sensory attributes encoded by taste stimuli, such as Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, lipid, and carbonation, have been characterized. Deorphanizing receptors and interactions among different modalities are expanding the taste field. METHODS Our study explores the taste system of Drosophila melanogaster and perception processing in insects to broaden the neuroscience of taste. Attractive and aversive taste cues and their chemoreceptors are categorized as tables. In addition, we summarize the recent progress in animal behavior as affected by the integration of multisensory information in relation to different gustatory receptor neuronal activations, olfaction, texture, and temperature. We mainly focus on peripheral responses and insect decision-making. CONCLUSION Drosophila is an excellent model animal to study the cellular and molecular mechanism of the taste system. Despite the divergence in the receptors to detect chemicals, taste research in the fruit fly can offer new insights into the many different taste sensors of animals and how to test the interaction among different sensory modalities.
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10
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Abstract
Salt taste, the taste of sodium chloride (NaCl), is mechanistically one of the most complex and puzzling among basic tastes. Sodium has essential functions in the body but causes harm in excess. Thus, animals use salt taste to ingest the right amount of salt, which fluctuates by physiological needs: typically, attraction to low salt concentrations and rejection of high salt. This concentration-valence relationship is universally observed in terrestrial animals, and research has revealed complex peripheral codes for NaCl involving multiple taste pathways of opposing valence. Sodium-dependent and -independent pathways mediate attraction and aversion to NaCl, respectively. Gustatory sensors and cells that transduce NaCl have been uncovered, along with downstream signal transduction and neurotransmission mechanisms. However, much remains unknown. This article reviews classical and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying salt taste in mammals and insects and discusses perspectives on human salt taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; .,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michael D Gordon
- Department of Zoology and Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Kohlmeier P, Billeter JC. Genetic mechanisms modulating behaviour through plastic chemosensory responses in insects. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:45-60. [PMID: 36239485 PMCID: PMC10092625 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to transition between different behavioural stages is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom. Such behavioural adaptations are often linked to changes in the sensitivity of those neurons that sense chemical cues associated with the respective behaviours. To identify the genetic mechanisms that regulate neuronal sensitivity, and by that behaviour, typically *omics approaches, such as RNA- and protein-sequencing, are applied to sensory organs of individuals displaying differences in behaviour. In this review, we discuss these genetic mechanisms and how they impact neuronal sensitivity, summarize the correlative and functional evidence for their role in regulating behaviour and discuss future directions. As such, this review can help interpret *omics data by providing a comprehensive list of already identified genes and mechanisms that impact behaviour through changes in neuronal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kohlmeier
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Dey M, Ganguly A, Dahanukar A. An inhibitory mechanism for suppressing high salt intake in Drosophila. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad014. [PMID: 37201555 PMCID: PMC10413321 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of dietary salt are harmful to health. Like most animals, Drosophila melanogaster are attracted to foods that have low concentrations of salt, but show strong taste avoidance of high salt foods. Salt in known on multiple classes of taste neurons, activating Gr64f sweet-sensing neurons that drive food acceptance and 2 others (Gr66a bitter and Ppk23 high salt) that drive food rejection. Here we find that NaCl elicits a bimodal dose-dependent response in Gr64f taste neurons, which show high activity with low salt and depressed activity with high salt. High salt also inhibits the sugar response of Gr64f neurons, and this action is independent of the neuron's taste response to salt. Consistent with the electrophysiological analysis, feeding suppression in the presence of salt correlates with inhibition of Gr64f neuron activity, and remains if high salt taste neurons are genetically silenced. Other salts such as Na2SO4, KCl, MgSO4, CaCl2, and FeCl3 act on sugar response and feeding behavior in the same way. A comparison of the effects of various salts suggests that inhibition is dictated by the cationic moiety rather than the anionic component of the salt. Notably, high salt-dependent inhibition is not observed in Gr66a neurons-response to a canonical bitter tastant, denatonium, is not altered by high salt. Overall, this study characterizes a mechanism in appetitive Gr64f neurons that can deter ingestion of potentially harmful salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Dey
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Anupama Dahanukar
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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13
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Kaulich E, Grundy LJ, Schafer WR, Walker DS. The diverse functions of the DEG/ENaC family: linking genetic and physiological insights. J Physiol 2022; 601:1521-1542. [PMID: 36314992 PMCID: PMC10148893 DOI: 10.1113/jp283335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the mammalian epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and also includes a diverse array of non-voltage-gated cation channels from across animal phyla, including the mammalian acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Drosophila pickpockets. ENaCs and ASICs have wide ranging medical importance; for example, ENaCs play an important role in respiratory and renal function, and ASICs in ischaemia and inflammatory pain, as well as being implicated in memory and learning. Electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, have played an essential role in establishing the physiological properties of this diverse family, identifying an array of modulators and implicating them in an extensive range of cellular functions, including mechanosensation, acid sensation and synaptic modulation. Likewise, genetic studies in both invertebrates and vertebrates have played an important role in linking our understanding of channel properties to function at the cellular and whole animal/behavioural level. Drawing together genetic and physiological evidence is essential to furthering our understanding of the precise cellular roles of DEG/ENaC channels, with the diversity among family members allowing comparative physiological studies to dissect the molecular basis of these diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaulich
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura J Grundy
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - William R Schafer
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denise S Walker
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Pontes G, Latorre-Estivalis JM, Gutiérrez ML, Cano A, Berón de Astrada M, Lorenzo MG, Barrozo RB. Molecular and functional basis of high-salt avoidance in a blood-sucking insect. iScience 2022; 25:104502. [PMID: 35720264 PMCID: PMC9204723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Salts are essential nutrients required for many physiological processes, and accordingly, their composition and concentration are tightly regulated. Taste is the ultimate sensory modality involved in resource quality assessment, resulting in acceptance or rejection. Here we found that high salt concentrations elicit feeding avoidance in the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus and elucidate the molecular and neurophysiological mechanisms involved. We found that high-salt avoidance is mediated by a salt-sensitive antennal gustatory receptor neuron (GRN). Using RNAi, we demonstrate that this process requires two amiloride-sensitive pickpocket channels (PPKs; RproPPK014276 and RproPPK28) expressed within these cells. We found that antennal GRNs project to the insect primary olfactory center, the antennal lobes, revealing these centers as potential sites for the integration of taste and olfactory host-derived cues. Moreover, the identification of the gustatory basis of high-salt detection in a hematophagous insect suggests novel targets for the prevention of biting and feeding. High-salt sensing prevents biting and feeding in a blood-sucking insect High-salt avoidance is mediated by an antennal gustatory receptor neuron Two PPK receptors, RproPPK014276 and RproPPK28, are required for high-salt detection RproPPK014276 and RproPPK28 are sensitive to amiloride blockade
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15
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Nutrient Sensing via Gut in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052694. [PMID: 35269834 PMCID: PMC8910450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in animals' sense available nutrients to generate a physiological regulatory response involving absorption, digestion, and regulation of food intake and to maintain glucose and energy homeostasis. During nutrient sensing via the gastrointestinal tract, nutrients interact with receptors on the enteroendocrine cells in the gut, which in return respond by secreting various hormones. Sensing of nutrients by the gut plays a critical role in transmitting food-related signals to the brain and other tissues informing the composition of ingested food to digestive processes. These signals modulate feeding behaviors, food intake, metabolism, insulin secretion, and energy balance. The increasing significance of fly genetics with the availability of a vast toolbox for studying physiological function, expression of chemosensory receptors, and monitoring the gene expression in specific cells of the intestine makes the fly gut the most useful tissue for studying the nutrient-sensing mechanisms. In this review, we emphasize on the role of Drosophila gut in nutrient-sensing to maintain metabolic homeostasis and gut-brain cross talk using endocrine and neuronal signaling pathways stimulated by internal state or the consumption of various dietary nutrients. Overall, this review will be useful in understanding the post-ingestive nutrient-sensing mechanisms having a physiological and pathological impact on health and diseases.
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16
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Drosophila melanogaster Chemosensory Pathways as Potential Targets to Curb the Insect Menace. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020142. [PMID: 35206716 PMCID: PMC8874460 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The perception and processing of chemosensory stimuli are indispensable to the survival of living organisms. In insects, olfaction and gustation play a critical role in seeking food, finding mates and avoiding signs of danger. This review aims to present updated information about olfactory and gustatory signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We have described the mechanisms involved in olfactory and gustatory perceptions at the molecular level, the receptors along with the allied molecules involved, and their signaling pathways in the fruit fly. Due to the magnifying problems of disease-causing insect vectors and crop pests, the applications of chemosensory signaling in controlling pests and insect vectors are also discussed. Abstract From a unicellular bacterium to a more complex human, smell and taste form an integral part of the basic sensory system. In fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, the behavioral responses to odorants and tastants are simple, though quite sensitive, and robust. They explain the organization and elementary functioning of the chemosensory system. Molecular and functional analyses of the receptors and other critical molecules involved in olfaction and gustation are not yet completely understood. Hence, a better understanding of chemosensory cue-dependent fruit flies, playing a major role in deciphering the host-seeking behavior of pathogen transmitting insect vectors (mosquitoes, sandflies, ticks) and crop pests (Drosophila suzukii, Queensland fruit fly), is needed. Using D. melanogaster as a model organism, the knowledge gained may be implemented to design new means of controlling insects as well as in analyzing current batches of insect and pest repellents. In this review, the complete mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory perception, along with their implementation in controlling the global threat of disease-transmitting insect vectors and crop-damaging pests, are explained in fruit flies.
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17
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Komarov N, Sprecher SG. The chemosensory system of the Drosophila larva: an overview of current understanding. Fly (Austin) 2021; 16:1-12. [PMID: 34612150 PMCID: PMC8496535 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2021.1953364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals must sense their surroundings and be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant cues. An enticing area of research aims to uncover the mechanisms by which animals respond to chemical signals that constitute critical sensory input. In this review, we describe the principles of a model chemosensory system: the Drosophila larva. While distinct in many ways, larval behaviour is reminiscent of the dogmatic goals of life: to reach a stage of reproductive potential. It takes into account a number of distinct and identifiable parameters to ultimately provoke or modulate appropriate behavioural output. In this light, we describe current knowledge of chemosensory anatomy, genetic components, and the processing logic of chemical cues. We outline recent advancements and summarize the hypothesized neural circuits of sensory systems. Furthermore, we note yet-unanswered questions to create a basis for further investigation of molecular and systemic mechanisms of chemosensation in Drosophila and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Komarov
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Sirot L, Bansal R, Esquivel CJ, Arteaga-Vázquez M, Herrera-Cruz M, Pavinato VAC, Abraham S, Medina-Jiménez K, Reyes-Hernández M, Dorantes-Acosta A, Pérez-Staples D. Post-mating gene expression of Mexican fruit fly females: disentangling the effects of the male accessory glands. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:480-496. [PMID: 34028117 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mating has profound physiological and behavioural consequences for female insects. During copulation, female insects typically receive not only sperm, but a complex ejaculate containing hundreds of proteins and other molecules from male reproductive tissues, primarily the reproductive accessory glands. The post-mating phenotypes affected by male accessory gland (MAG) proteins include egg development, attraction to oviposition hosts, mating, attractiveness, sperm storage, feeding and lifespan. In the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, mating increases egg production and the latency to remating. However, previous studies have not found a clear relationship between injection of MAG products and oviposition or remating inhibition in this species. We used RNA-seq to study gene expression in mated, unmated and MAG-injected females to understand the potential mating- and MAG-regulated genes and pathways in A. ludens. Both mating and MAG-injection regulated transcripts and pathways related to egg development. Other transcripts regulated by mating included those with orthologs predicted to be involved in immune response, musculature and chemosensory perception, whereas those regulated by MAG-injection were predicted to be involved in translational control, sugar regulation, diet detoxification and lifespan determination. These results suggest new phenotypes that may be influenced by seminal fluid molecules in A. ludens. Understanding these influences is critical for developing novel tools to manage A. ludens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sirot
- The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - R Bansal
- USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - C J Esquivel
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - M Arteaga-Vázquez
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M Herrera-Cruz
- CONACyT- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - V A C Pavinato
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - S Abraham
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN), PROIMI, Tucumán, Argentina, CONICET, Argentina
| | - K Medina-Jiménez
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M Reyes-Hernández
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - A Dorantes-Acosta
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - D Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Khan MAM, Deshpande NP, Shuttleworth LA, Osborne T, Collins D, Wilkins MR, Gurr GM, Reynolds OL. Raspberry ketone diet supplement reduces attraction of sterile male Queensland fruit fly to cuelure by altering expression of chemoreceptor genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17632. [PMID: 34480052 PMCID: PMC8417256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile male Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), fed as immature adults on the plant compound raspberry ketone (RK), show a reduced attraction to cuelure, a synthetic analogue of RK used as an attractant in Male Annihilation Technique. We hypothesized the reduced attraction of RK-fed adult males to cuelure may be a consequence of altered expression of chemoreception genes. A Y-tube olfactometer assay with RK-fed and RK-unfed sterile B. tryoni males tested the subsequent behavioural response to cuelure. Behavioral assays confirmed a significant decrease in attraction of RK-fed sterile males to cuelure. RK-fed, non-responders (to cue-lure) and RK-unfed, responders (to cue-lure) males were sampled and gene expression compared by de novo RNA-seq analysis. A total of 269 genes in fly heads were differentially expressed between replicated groups of RK-fed, cuelure non-responders and RK-unfed, cuelure responders. Among them, 218 genes including 4 chemoreceptor genes were up regulated and 51 genes were down regulated in RK-fed, cuelure non-responders. De novo assembly generated many genes with unknown functions and no significant BLAST hits to homologues in other species. The enriched and suppressed genes reported here, shed light on the transcriptional changes that affect the dynamics of insect responses to chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia.
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Nandan P Deshpande
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lucas A Shuttleworth
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Terry Osborne
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Damian Collins
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Olivia L Reynolds
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia.
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
- Susentom, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, VIC, 3081, Australia.
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Latorre-Estivalis JM, Almeida FC, Pontes G, Dopazo H, Barrozo RB, Lorenzo MG. Evolution of the insect PPK gene family. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6352500. [PMID: 34390578 PMCID: PMC8438182 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pickpocket (PPK) receptors mediate diverse functions, among them the detection of mechano- and chemo-sensory stimuli. Notwithstanding their relevance, studies on their evolution only focused on Drosophila. We have analyzed the genomes of 26 species of 8 orders including holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects (Blattodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Phthiraptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera), to characterize the evolution of this gene family. PPKs were detected in all genomes analyzed, with 578 genes distributed in 7 subfamilies. According to our phylogeny ppk17 is the most divergent member, composing the new subfamily VII. PPKs evolved under a gene birth-and-death model that generated lineage-specific expansions usually located in clusters, while purifying selection affected several orthogroups. Subfamily V was the largest, including a mosquito-specific expansion that can be considered a new target for pest control. PPKs present a high gene turnover generating considerable variation. On one hand, Musca domestica (59), Aedes albopictus (51), Culex quinquefasciatus (48), and Blattella germanica (41) presented the largest PPK repertoires. On the other hand, Pediculus humanus (only ppk17), bees and ants (6-9) had the smallest PPK sets. A subset of prevalent PPKs was identified, indicating very conserved functions for these receptors. Finally, at least twenty percent of the sequences presented calmodulin-binding motifs, suggesting that these PPKs may amplify sensory responses similarly as proposed for D. melanogaster ppk25. Overall, this work characterized the evolutionary history of these receptors revealing relevant unknown gene sequence features and clade-specific expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisca C Almeida
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gina Pontes
- Laboratorio de Eco-Fisiología de Insectos del Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Dopazo
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Poblaciones y Evolución. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA). CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Romina B Barrozo
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA - UBA - CONICET), Departamento de Biología y Biodiversidad Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Bestea L, Réjaud A, Sandoz JC, Carcaud J, Giurfa M, de Brito Sanchez MG. Peripheral taste detection in honey bees: What do taste receptors respond to? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4417-4444. [PMID: 33934411 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neural principles governing taste perception in species that bear economic importance or serve as research models for other sensory modalities constitutes a strategic goal. Such is the case of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is environmentally and socioeconomically important, given its crucial role as pollinator agent in agricultural landscapes and which has served as a traditional model for visual and olfactory neurosciences and for research on communication, navigation, and learning and memory. Here we review the current knowledge on honey bee gustatory receptors to provide an integrative view of peripheral taste detection in this insect, highlighting specificities and commonalities with other insect species. We describe behavioral and electrophysiological responses to several tastant categories and relate these responses, whenever possible, to known molecular receptor mechanisms. Overall, we adopted an evolutionary and comparative perspective to understand the neural principles of honey bee taste and define key questions that should be answered in future gustatory research centered on this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bestea
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Réjaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, IRD (UMR 5174), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sandoz
- Evolution, Genomes, Behavior and Ecology, CNRS, IRD (UMR 9191, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Carcaud
- Evolution, Genomes, Behavior and Ecology, CNRS, IRD (UMR 9191, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Maria Gabriela de Brito Sanchez
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS (UMR 5169), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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22
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Abstract
All organisms have the ability to detect chemicals in the environment, which likely evolved out of organisms' needs to detect food sources and avoid potentially harmful compounds. The taste system detects chemicals and is used to determine whether potential food items will be ingested or rejected. The sense of taste detects five known taste qualities: bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and umami, which is the detection of amino acids, specifically glutamate. These different taste qualities encompass a wide variety of chemicals that differ in their structure and as a result, the peripheral taste utilizes numerous and diverse mechanisms to detect these stimuli. In this chapter, we will summarize what is currently known about the signaling mechanisms used by taste cells to transduce stimulus signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Dutta Banik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathryn F Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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DEG/ENaC Ion Channels in the Function of the Nervous System: From Worm to Man. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:165-192. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Guo L, Zhou ZD, Mao F, Fan XY, Liu GY, Huang J, Qiao XM. Identification of potential mechanosensitive ion channels involved in texture discrimination during Drosophila suzukii egg-laying behaviour. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:444-451. [PMID: 32596943 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) has become a major invasive insect pest of soft fruits in the America and Europe, causing severe yield losses every year. The female D. suzukii shows the oviposition preference for ripening or ripe fruit by cutting the hard skin with its serrated ovipositor. A recent study reported that mechanosensation is involved in the texture discrimination during egg-laying behaviour in D. suzukii. However, the underlying mechanism and molecular entity that control this behaviour are not known. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and degenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaC) are two candidate gene families of mechanically activated ion channels. Thus, we first identified TRP and DEG/ENaC genes in D. suzukii by bioinformatic analysis. Using transcriptome sequencing, we found that many TRP genes were expressed in the ovipositor in both D. suzukii and D. melanogaster, while some DEG/ENaCs showed species-specific expression patterns. Exposure to drugs targeting TRP and DEG/ENaC channels abolished the oviposition preference for harder texture in female D. suzukii. Therefore, mechanosensitive ion channels may play significant roles in the texture assessment of egg-laying behaviour in D. suzukii, which has promising implications to further research on the development of novel control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z-D Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - F Mao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X-Y Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G-Y Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X-M Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kho M, Smith JA, Verweij N, Shang L, Ryan KA, Zhao W, Ware EB, Gansevoort RT, Irvin MR, Lee JE, Turner ST, Sung J, van der Harst P, Arnett DK, Baylin A, Park SK, Seo YA, Kelly KM, Chang YPC, Zhou X, Lieske JC, Kardia SLR. Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis of Individuals of European Ancestry Identifies Suggestive Loci for Sodium Intake, Potassium Intake, and Their Ratio Measured from 24-Hour or Half-Day Urine Samples. J Nutr 2020; 150:2635-2645. [PMID: 32840624 PMCID: PMC7549298 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess sodium intake and insufficient potassium intake are risk factors for hypertension, but there is limited knowledge regarding genetic factors that influence intake. Twenty-hour or half-day urine samples provide robust estimates of sodium and potassium intake, outperforming other measures such as spot urine samples and dietary self-reporting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate genomic regions associated with sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium-to-potassium ratio measured from 24-h or half-day urine samples. METHODS Using samples of European ancestry (mean age: 54.2 y; 52.3% women), we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 4 cohorts with 24-h or half-day urine samples (n = 6,519), followed by gene-based analysis. Suggestive loci (P < 10-6) were examined in additional European (n = 844), African (n = 1,246), and Asian (n = 2,475) ancestry samples. RESULTS We found suggestive loci (P < 10-6) for all 3 traits, including 7 for 24-h sodium excretion, 4 for 24-h potassium excretion, and 4 for sodium-to-potassium ratio. The most significant locus was rs77958157 near cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide (CARTPT) , a gene involved in eating behavior and appetite regulation (P = 2.3 × 10-8 with sodium-to-potassium ratio). Two suggestive loci were replicated in additional samples: for sodium excretion, rs12094702 near zinc finger SWIM-type containing 5 (ZSWIM5) was replicated in the Asian ancestry sample reaching Bonferroni-corrected significance (P = 0.007), and for potassium excretion rs34473523 near sodium leak channel (NALCN) was associated at a nominal P value with potassium excretion both in European (P = 0.043) and African (P = 0.043) ancestry cohorts. Gene-based tests identified 1 significant gene for sodium excretion, CDC42 small effector 1 (CDC42SE1), which is associated with blood pressure regulation. CONCLUSIONS We identified multiple suggestive loci for sodium and potassium intake near genes associated with eating behavior, nervous system development and function, and blood pressure regulation in individuals of European ancestry. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to provide insight into the underlying genetic mechanisms by which these genomic regions influence sodium and potassium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lulu Shang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Institute of Environment and Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristen M Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yen Pei C Chang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Vizueta J, Escuer P, Frías-López C, Guirao-Rico S, Hering L, Mayer G, Rozas J, Sánchez-Gracia A. Evolutionary History of Major Chemosensory Gene Families across Panarthropoda. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:3601-3615. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chemosensory perception is a fundamental biological process of particular relevance in basic and applied arthropod research. However, apart from insects, there is little knowledge of specific molecules involved in this system, which is restricted to a few taxa with uneven phylogenetic sampling across lineages. From an evolutionary perspective, onychophorans (velvet worms) and tardigrades (water bears) are of special interest since they represent the closest living relatives of arthropods, altogether comprising the Panarthropoda. To get insights into the evolutionary origin and diversification of the chemosensory gene repertoire in panarthropods, we sequenced the antenna- and head-specific transcriptomes of the velvet worm Euperipatoides rowelli and analyzed members of all major chemosensory families in representative genomes of onychophorans, tardigrades, and arthropods. Our results suggest that the NPC2 gene family was the only family encoding soluble proteins in the panarthropod ancestor and that onychophorans might have lost many arthropod-like chemoreceptors, including the highly conserved IR25a receptor of protostomes. On the other hand, the eutardigrade genomes lack genes encoding the DEG-ENaC and CD36-sensory neuron membrane proteins, the chemosensory members of which have been retained in arthropods; these losses might be related to lineage-specific adaptive strategies of tardigrades to survive extreme environmental conditions. Although the results of this study need to be further substantiated by an increased taxon sampling, our findings shed light on the diversification of chemosensory gene families in Panarthropoda and contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of animal chemical senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Vizueta
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Escuer
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Frías-López
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lars Hering
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Georg Mayer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Julio Rozas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Dao J, Lee A, Drecksel DK, Bittlingmaier NM, Nelson TM. Characterization of TMC-1 in C. elegans sodium chemotaxis and sodium conditioned aversion. BMC Genet 2020; 21:37. [PMID: 32228447 PMCID: PMC7106803 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While sodium is attractive at low and aversive at high concentrations in most studied species, including Caenorhabditis elegans, the molecular mechanisms behind transduction remain poorly understood. Additionally, past studies with C. elegans provide evidence that the nematode’s innate behavior can be altered by previous experiences. Here we investigated the molecular aspects of both innate and conditioned responses to salts. Transmembrane channel-like 1 (tmc-1) has been suggested to encode a sodium-sensitive channel required for sodium chemosensation in C. elegans, but its specific role remains unclear. Results We report that TMC-1 is necessary for sodium attraction, but not aversion in the nematode. We show that TMC-1 contributes to the nematode’s lithium induced attraction behavior, but not potassium or magnesium attraction thus clarifying the specificity of the response. In addition, we show that sodium conditioned aversion is dependent on TMC-1 and disrupts not only sodium induced attraction, but also lithium. Conclusions These findings represent the first time a role for TMC-1 has been described in sodium and lithium attraction in vivo, as well as in sodium conditioned aversion. Together this clarifies TMC-1’s importance in sodium hedonics and offer molecular insight into salt chemotaxis learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dao
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Aileen Lee
- Department of International Health, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dana K Drecksel
- Department of International Health, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nicole M Bittlingmaier
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Theodore M Nelson
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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28
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Cellular Basis of Bitter-Driven Aversive Behaviors in Drosophila Larva. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0510-19.2020. [PMID: 32220859 PMCID: PMC7189479 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0510-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding, a critical behavior for survival, consists of a complex series of behavioral steps. In Drosophila larvae, the initial steps of feeding are food choice, during which the quality of a potential food source is judged, and ingestion, during which the selected food source is ingested into the digestive tract. It remains unclear whether these steps employ different mechanisms of neural perception. Here, we provide insight into the two initial steps of feeding in Drosophila larva. We find that substrate choice and ingestion are determined by independent circuits at the cellular level. First, we took 22 candidate bitter compounds and examined their influence on choice preference and ingestion behavior. Interestingly, certain bitter tastants caused different responses in choice and ingestion, suggesting distinct mechanisms of perception. We further provide evidence that certain gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in the external terminal organ (TO) are involved in determining choice preference, and a pair of larval pharyngeal GRNs is involved in mediating both avoidance and suppression of ingestion. Our results show that feeding behavior is coordinated by a multistep regulatory process employing relatively independent neural elements. These findings are consistent with a model in which distinct sensory pathways act as modulatory circuits controlling distinct subprograms during feeding.
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29
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Takagaki N, Ohta A, Ohnishi K, Kawanabe A, Minakuchi Y, Toyoda A, Fujiwara Y, Kuhara A. The mechanoreceptor DEG-1 regulates cold tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48671. [PMID: 32009302 PMCID: PMC7054665 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans mechanoreceptors located in ASG sensory neurons have been found to sense ambient temperature, which is a key trait for animal survival. Here, we show that experimental loss of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH-1) function in AIN and AVJ interneurons results in reduced cold tolerance and atypical neuronal response to changes in temperature. These interneurons connect with upstream neurons such as the mechanoreceptor-expressing ASG. Ca2+ imaging revealed that ASG neurons respond to warm temperature via the mechanoreceptor DEG-1, a degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel (DEG/ENaC), which in turn affects downstream AIN and AVJ circuits. Ectopic expression of DEG-1 in the ASE gustatory neuron results in the acquisition of warm sensitivity, while electrophysiological analysis revealed that DEG-1 and human MDEG1 were involved in warm sensation. Taken together, these results suggest that cold tolerance is regulated by mechanoreceptor-mediated circuit calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsune Takagaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akane Ohta
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Kawanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Minakuchi
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuhara
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Ng R, Salem SS, Wu ST, Wu M, Lin HH, Shepherd AK, Joiner WJ, Wang JW, Su CY. Amplification of Drosophila Olfactory Responses by a DEG/ENaC Channel. Neuron 2019; 104:947-959.e5. [PMID: 31629603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect olfactory receptors operate as ligand-gated ion channels that directly transduce odor stimuli into electrical signals. However, in the absence of any known intermediate transduction steps, it remains unclear whether and how these ionotropic inputs are amplified in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Here, we find that amplification occurs in the Drosophila courtship-promoting ORNs through Pickpocket 25 (PPK25), a member of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel family (DEG/ENaC). Pharmacological and genetic manipulations indicate that, in Or47b and Ir84a ORNs, PPK25 mediates Ca2+-dependent signal amplification via an intracellular calmodulin-binding motif. Additionally, hormonal signaling upregulates PPK25 expression to determine the degree of amplification, with striking effects on male courtship. Together, these findings advance our understanding of sensory neurobiology by identifying an amplification mechanism compatible with ionotropic signaling. Moreover, this study offers new insights into DEG/ENaC activation by highlighting a novel means of regulation that is likely conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Ng
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Secilia S Salem
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shiuan-Tze Wu
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meilin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hui-Hao Lin
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shepherd
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William J Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing W Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Su
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Liu T, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zhao J, Guo A. The receptor channel formed by ppk25, ppk29 and ppk23 can sense the Drosophila female pheromone 7,11-heptacosadiene. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 19:e12529. [PMID: 30345606 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila, pheromones play a crucial role in regulating courtship behaviors. In males, female aphrodisiac pheromones promote male-female courtship, and male antiaphrodisiac pheromones inhibit male-male courtship. Previous studies have reported that receptor proteins belonging to the pickpocket (ppk) family, ionotropic receptor family and gustatory receptor family are required for pheromone detection and normal courtship. However, none of them has been shown to be sufficient for sensing pheromones after ectopic expression in originally unresponsive cells. "M" cells are activated by male antiaphrodisiac pheromones but not female aphrodisiac pheromones, and the activated cells inhibit male-male courtship. In our study, male flies with ectopic expression of ppk25, ppk29 and ppk23 in "M" cells showed decreased male-female courtship. Using an in vivo calcium imaging approach, we found that the "M" cells expressing these three ppks were significantly activated by the female aphrodisiac pheromone 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD). Our results indicate that a sodium channel consisting, at minimum, of ppk25, ppk29 and ppk23, can sense 7,11-HD, most likely as a receptor. Our findings may help us gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of pheromonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjian Zhao
- School of life sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Aike Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Kaushik S, Kumar R, Kain P. Salt an Essential Nutrient: Advances in Understanding Salt Taste Detection Using Drosophila as a Model System. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518806894. [PMID: 30479487 PMCID: PMC6249657 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518806894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste modalities are conserved in insects and mammals. Sweet gustatory signals evoke attractive behaviors while bitter gustatory information drive aversive behaviors. Salt (NaCl) is an essential nutrient required for various physiological processes, including electrolyte homeostasis, neuronal activity, nutrient absorption, and muscle contraction. Not only mammals, even in Drosophila melanogaster, the detection of NaCl induces two different behaviors: Low concentrations of NaCl act as an attractant, whereas high concentrations act as repellant. The fruit fly is an excellent model system for studying the underlying mechanisms of salt taste due to its relatively simple neuroanatomical organization of the brain and peripheral taste system, the availability of powerful genetic tools and transgenic strains. In this review, we have revisited the literature and the information provided by various laboratories using invertebrate model system Drosophila that has helped us to understand NaCl salt taste so far. We hope that this compiled information from Drosophila will be of general significance and interest for forthcoming studies of the structure, function, and behavioral role of NaCl-sensitive (low and high concentrations) gustatory circuitry for understanding NaCl salt taste in all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kaushik
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pinky Kain
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Decoding the intensity of sensory input by two glutamate receptors in one C. elegans interneuron. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4311. [PMID: 30333484 PMCID: PMC6193023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How neurons are capable of decoding stimulus intensity and translate this information into complex behavioral outputs is poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that the C. elegans interneuron AIB regulates two types of behaviors: reversal initiation and feeding suppression in response to different concentrations of quinine. Low concentrations of quinine are decoded in AIB by a low-threshold, fast-inactivation glutamate receptor GLR-1 and translated into reversal initiation. In contrast, high concentrations of quinine are decoded by a high-threshold, slow-inactivation glutamate receptor GLR-5 in AIB. After activation, GLR-5 evokes sustained Ca2+ release from the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive Ca2+ stores and triggers neuropeptide secretion, which in turn activates the downstream neuron RIM and inhibits feeding. Our results reveal that distinct signal patterns in a single interneuron AIB can encode differential behavioral outputs depending on the stimulus intensity, thus highlighting the importance of functional mapping of information propagation at the single-neuron level during connectome construction.
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Sparks JT, Botsko G, Swale DR, Boland LM, Patel SS, Dickens JC. Membrane Proteins Mediating Reception and Transduction in Chemosensory Neurons in Mosquitoes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1309. [PMID: 30294282 PMCID: PMC6158332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes use chemical cues to modulate important behaviors such as feeding, mating, and egg laying. The primary chemosensory organs comprising the paired antennae, maxillary palps and labial palps are adorned with porous sensilla that house primary sensory neurons. Dendrites of these neurons provide an interface between the chemical environment and higher order neuronal processing. Diverse proteins located on outer membranes interact with chemicals, ions, and soluble proteins outside the cell and within the lumen of sensilla. Here, we review the repertoire of chemosensory receptors and other membrane proteins involved in transduction and discuss the outlook for their functional characterization. We also provide a brief overview of select ion channels, their role in mammalian taste, and potential involvement in mosquito taste. These chemosensory proteins represent targets for the disruption of harmful biting behavior and disease transmission by mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson T Sparks
- Biology Department, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Gina Botsko
- Biology Department, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Daniel R Swale
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Linda M Boland
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shriraj S Patel
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joseph C Dickens
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
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35
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Harrison MC, Arning N, Kremer LPM, Ylla G, Belles X, Bornberg‐Bauer E, Huylmans AK, Jongepier E, Piulachs M, Richards S, Schal C. Expansions of key protein families in the German cockroach highlight the molecular basis of its remarkable success as a global indoor pest. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:254-264. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Harrison
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Nicolas Arning
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lukas P. M. Kremer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Guillem Ylla
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva CSIC‐University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Belles
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva CSIC‐University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | - Evelien Jongepier
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Münster Münster Germany
| | | | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
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36
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Augustine V, Gokce SK, Oka Y. Peripheral and Central Nutrient Sensing Underlying Appetite Regulation. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:526-539. [PMID: 29914721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The precise regulation of fluid and energy homeostasis is essential for survival. It is well appreciated that ingestive behaviors are tightly regulated by both peripheral sensory inputs and central appetite signals. With recent neurogenetic technologies, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of basic taste qualities, the molecular and/or cellular basis of taste sensing, and the central circuits for thirst and hunger. In this review, we first highlight the functional similarities and differences between mammalian and invertebrate taste processing. We then discuss how central thirst and hunger signals interact with peripheral sensory signals to regulate ingestive behaviors. We finally indicate some of the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Augustine
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sertan Kutal Gokce
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Oka
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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37
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Lee Y, Poudel S, Kim Y, Thakur D, Montell C. Calcium Taste Avoidance in Drosophila. Neuron 2017; 97:67-74.e4. [PMID: 29276056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many animals, ranging from vinegar flies to humans, discriminate a wide range of tastants, including sugars, bitter compounds, NaCl, and sour. However, the taste of Ca2+ is poorly understood, and it is unclear whether animals such as Drosophila melanogaster are endowed with this sense. Here, we examined Ca2+ taste in Drosophila and showed that high levels of Ca2+ are aversive. The repulsion was mediated by two mechanisms-activation of a specific class of gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs), which suppresses feeding and inhibition of sugar-activated GRNs, which normally stimulates feeding. The distaste for Ca2+, and Ca2+-activated action potentials required several members of the variant ionotropic receptor (IR) family (IR25a, IR62a, and IR76b). Consistent with the Ca2+ rejection, we found that high concentrations of Ca2+ decreased survival. We conclude that gustatory detection of Ca2+ represents an additional sense of taste in Drosophila and is required for avoiding toxic levels of this mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seeta Poudel
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjay Thakur
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Craig Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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38
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Nitric oxide contributes to high-salt perception in a blood-sucking insect model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15551. [PMID: 29138480 PMCID: PMC5686212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In all organisms, salts produce either appetitive or aversive responses depending on the concentration. While low-salt concentration in food elicits positive responses to ingest, high-salt triggers aversion. Still the mechanisms involved in this dual behavior have just started to be uncovered in some organisms. In Rhodnius prolixus, using pharmacological and behavioral assays, we demonstrated that upon high-salt detection in food a nitric oxide (NO) dependent cascade is activated. This activation involves a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Thus, appetitive responses to low-salt diets turn to aversion whenever this cascade is activated. Conversely, insects feed over aversive high-salt solutions when it is blocked by reducing NO levels or by affecting the sGC activity. The activation of NO/sGC/cGMP cascade commands the avoidance feeding behavior in R. prolixus. Investigations in other insect species should examine the possibility that high-salt aversion is mediated by NO/sSG/cGMP signaling.
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39
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Rist A, Thum AS. A map of sensilla and neurons in the taste system ofdrosophilalarvae. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3865-3889. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rist
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Andreas S. Thum
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Department of Genetics; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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40
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Pontes G, Pereira MH, Barrozo RB. Salt controls feeding decisions in a blood-sucking insect. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:93-100. [PMID: 27989677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salts are necessary for maintaining homeostatic conditions within the body of all living organisms. Like with all essential nutrients, deficient or excessive ingestion of salts can result in adverse health effects. The taste system is a primary sensory modality that helps animals to make adequate feeding decisions in terms of salt consumption. In this work we show that sodium and potassium chloride salts modulate the feeding behavior of Rhodnius prolixus in a concentration-dependent manner. Feeding is only triggered by an optimal concentration of any of these salts (0.1-0.15M) and in presence of the phagostimulant ATP. Conversely, feeding solutions that do not contain salts or have a high-salt concentration (>0.3M) are not ingested by insects. Notably, we show that feeding decisions of insects cannot be explained as an osmotic effect, because they still feed over hyperosmotic solutions bearing the optimal salt concentration. Insects perceive optimal-salt, no-salt and high-salt solutions as different gustatory information, as revealed the electromyogram recordings of the cibarial pump. Moreover, because insects do a continuous gustatory monitoring of the incoming food during feeding, sudden changes beyond the optimal sodium concentration decrease and even inhibit feeding. The administration of amiloride, a sodium channel blocker, noticeably reduces the ingestion of the optimal sodium solution but not of the optimal potassium solution. Salt detection seems to occur at least through two salt receptors, one amiloride-sensitive and another amiloride-insensitive. Our results confirm the importance of the gustatory system in R. prolixus, showing the relevant role that salts play on their feeding decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Pontes
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, DBBE, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Marcos H Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Romina B Barrozo
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, DBBE, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina.
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41
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The Drosophila Postsynaptic DEG/ENaC Channel ppk29 Contributes to Excitatory Neurotransmission. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3171-3180. [PMID: 28213447 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3850-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein family of degenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaCs) is composed of diverse animal-specific, non-voltage-gated ion channels that play important roles in regulating cationic gradients across epithelial barriers. Some family members are also enriched in neural tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the specific neurophysiological functions of most DEG/ENaC-encoding genes remain poorly understood. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model for deciphering the functions of DEG/ENaC genes because its genome encodes an exceptionally large number of DEG/ENaC subunits termed pickpocket (ppk) 1-31 Here we demonstrate that ppk29 contributes specifically to the postsynaptic modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission at the larval neuromuscular junction. Electrophysiological data indicate that the function of ppk29 in muscle is necessary for normal postsynaptic responsivity to neurotransmitter release and for normal coordinated larval movement. The ppk29 mutation does not affect gross synaptic morphology and ultrastructure, which indicates that the observed phenotypes are likely due to defects in glutamate receptor function. Together, our data indicate that DEG/ENaC ion channels play a fundamental role in the postsynaptic regulation of excitatory neurotransmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Members of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family are broadly expressed in epithelial and neuronal tissues. To date, the neurophysiological functions of most family members remain unknown. Here, by using the power of Drosophila genetics in combination with electrophysiological and behavioral approaches, we demonstrate that the DEG/ENaC-encoding gene pickpocket 29 contributes to baseline neurotransmission, possibly via the modulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptor functionality.
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42
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Ngoc PCT, Greenhalgh R, Dermauw W, Rombauts S, Bajda S, Zhurov V, Grbić M, Van de Peer Y, Van Leeuwen T, Rouzé P, Clark RM. Complex Evolutionary Dynamics of Massively Expanded Chemosensory Receptor Families in an Extreme Generalist Chelicerate Herbivore. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3323-3339. [PMID: 27797949 PMCID: PMC5203786 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While mechanisms to detoxify plant produced, anti-herbivore compounds have been associated with plant host use by herbivores, less is known about the role of chemosensory perception in their life histories. This is especially true for generalists, including chelicerate herbivores that evolved herbivory independently from the more studied insect lineages. To shed light on chemosensory perception in a generalist herbivore, we characterized the chemosensory receptors (CRs) of the chelicerate two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, an extreme generalist. Strikingly, T. urticae has more CRs than reported in any other arthropod to date. Including pseudogenes, 689 gustatory receptors were identified, as were 136 degenerin/Epithelial Na+ Channels (ENaCs) that have also been implicated as CRs in insects. The genomic distribution of T. urticae gustatory receptors indicates recurring bursts of lineage-specific proliferations, with the extent of receptor clusters reminiscent of those observed in the CR-rich genomes of vertebrates or C. elegans Although pseudogenization of many gustatory receptors within clusters suggests relaxed selection, a subset of receptors is expressed. Consistent with functions as CRs, the genomic distribution and expression of ENaCs in lineage-specific T. urticae expansions mirrors that observed for gustatory receptors. The expansion of ENaCs in T. urticae to > 3-fold that reported in other animals was unexpected, raising the possibility that ENaCs in T. urticae have been co-opted to fulfill a major role performed by unrelated CRs in other animals. More broadly, our findings suggest an elaborate role for chemosensory perception in generalist herbivores that are of key ecological and agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabina Bajda
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Rouzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah .,Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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43
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Choi J, van Giesen L, Choi MS, Kang K, Sprecher SG, Kwon JY. A Pair of Pharyngeal Gustatory Receptor Neurons Regulates Caffeine-Dependent Ingestion in Drosophila Larvae. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:181. [PMID: 27486388 PMCID: PMC4949222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is an essential chemosensory modality that enables animals to identify appropriate food sources and control feeding behavior. In particular, the recognition of bitter taste prevents animals from feeding on harmful substances. Feeding is a complex behavior comprised of multiple steps, and food quality is continuously assessed. We here examined the role of pharyngeal gustatory organs in ingestion behavior. As a first step, we constructed a gustatory receptor-to-neuron map of the larval pharyngeal sense organs, and examined corresponding gustatory receptor neuron (GRN) projections in the larval brain. Out of 22 candidate bitter compounds, we found 14 bitter compounds that elicit inhibition of ingestion in a dose-dependent manner. We provide evidence that certain pharyngeal GRNs are necessary and sufficient for the ingestion response of larvae to caffeine. Additionally, we show that a specific pair of pharyngeal GRNs, DP1, responds to caffeine by calcium imaging. In this study we show that a specific pair of GRNs in the pharyngeal sense organs coordinates caffeine sensing with regulation of behavioral responses such as ingestion. Our results indicate that in Drosophila larvae, the pharyngeal GRNs have a major role in sensing food palatability to regulate ingestion behavior. The pharyngeal sense organs are prime candidates to influence ingestion due to their position in the pharynx, and they may act as first level sensors of ingested food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
| | - Lena van Giesen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Min Sung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
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44
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Koseki N, Mori S, Suzuki S, Tonooka Y, Kosugi S, Miyakawa H, Morimoto T. Individual differences in sensory responses influence decision making by Drosophila melanogaster larvae on exposure to contradictory cues. J Neurogenet 2016; 30:288-296. [PMID: 27309770 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1202949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Animals make decisions on behavioral choice by evaluating internal and external signals. Individuals often make decisions in different ways, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we describe a system for observing the behavior of individual Drosophila melanogaster larvae simultaneously presented with contradictory signals, in this case attractive (yeast paste) and aversive (NaCl) signals. Olfaction was used to detect the yeast paste, whereas the ENaC/Pickpocket channel was important for NaCl detection. We found that wild-type (Canton-S) larvae fall into two decision making groups: one group decided to approach the yeast paste by overcoming the aversive signal, whereas the other group decided to forgo the yeast paste because of the aversive signal. Our findings indicate that different endogenous sensitivities to NaCl contribute to make differences between two groups and that diverse decision making steps occur in individual animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Koseki
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Mori
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shoki Suzuki
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuta Tonooka
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Sakiko Kosugi
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Miyakawa
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takako Morimoto
- a Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji , Tokyo , Japan
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45
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MEC-10 and MEC-19 Reduce the Neurotoxicity of the MEC-4(d) DEG/ENaC Channel in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:1121-30. [PMID: 27172609 PMCID: PMC4825646 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.023507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans DEG/ENaC proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10 transduce gentle touch in the six touch receptor neurons .
Gain-of-function mutations of mec-4 and mec-4(d) result in a hyperactive channel and
neurodegeneration in vivo. Loss of MEC-6, a putative DEG/ENaC-specific chaperone, and of the similar
protein POML-1 suppresses the neurodegeneration caused by a mec-4(d) mutation. We find that mutation of two genes,
mec-10 and a new gene mec-19 (previously named C49G9.1), prevents this action of POML-1, allowing the touch receptor neurons to die in
poml-1mec-4(d) animals. The proteins encoded by these genes
normally inhibit mec-4(d) neurotoxicity through different mechanisms.
MEC-10, a subunit of the mechanosensory transduction channel with
MEC-4, inhibits MEC-4(d) activity without affecting MEC-4 expression. In contrast, MEC-19, a membrane protein specific to nematodes, inhibits MEC-4(d) activity and reduces MEC-4 surface expression.
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46
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Chen Y, Bharill S, Altun Z, O'Hagan R, Coblitz B, Isacoff EY, Chalfie M. Caenorhabditis elegans paraoxonase-like proteins control the functional expression of DEG/ENaC mechanosensory proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1272-85. [PMID: 26941331 PMCID: PMC4831881 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MEC-6 and POML-1 are similar proteins needed for touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. These proteins reside primarily in the ER and affect the amount and localization of MEC-4, the DEG/ENaC mechanotransduction channel protein. MEC-6 also accelerates MEC-4 transport to the cell surface in vitro. Thus these proteins appear to act as MEC-4 chaperones. Caenorhabditis elegans senses gentle touch via a mechanotransduction channel formed from the DEG/ENaC proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10. An additional protein, the paraoxonase-like protein MEC-6, is essential for transduction, and previous work suggested that MEC-6 was part of the transduction complex. We found that MEC-6 and a similar protein, POML-1, reside primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and do not colocalize with MEC-4 on the plasma membrane in vivo. As with MEC-6, POML-1 is needed for touch sensitivity, the neurodegeneration caused by the mec-4(d) mutation, and the expression and distribution of MEC-4 in vivo. Both proteins are likely needed for the proper folding or assembly of MEC-4 channels in vivo as measured by FRET. MEC-6 detectably increases the rate of MEC-4 accumulation on the Xenopus oocyte plasma membrane. These results suggest that MEC-6 and POML-1 interact with MEC-4 to facilitate expression and localization of MEC-4 on the cell surface. Thus MEC-6 and POML-1 act more like chaperones for MEC-4 than channel components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shashank Bharill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Zeynep Altun
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Robert O'Hagan
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Brian Coblitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Martin Chalfie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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47
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van Giesen L, Hernandez-Nunez L, Delasoie-Baranek S, Colombo M, Renaud P, Bruggmann R, Benton R, Samuel ADT, Sprecher SG. Multimodal stimulus coding by a gustatory sensory neuron in Drosophila larvae. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10687. [PMID: 26864722 PMCID: PMC4753250 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate perception of taste information is crucial for animal survival. In adult Drosophila, gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) perceive chemical stimuli of one specific gustatory modality associated with a stereotyped behavioural response, such as aversion or attraction. We show that GRNs of Drosophila larvae employ a surprisingly different mode of gustatory information coding. Using a novel method for calcium imaging in the larval gustatory system, we identify a multimodal GRN that responds to chemicals of different taste modalities with opposing valence, such as sweet sucrose and bitter denatonium, reliant on different sensory receptors. This multimodal neuron is essential for bitter compound avoidance, and its artificial activation is sufficient to mediate aversion. However, the neuron is also essential for the integration of taste blends. Our findings support a model for taste coding in larvae, in which distinct receptor proteins mediate different responses within the same, multimodal GRN. While gustatory systems have been extensively studied in adult Drosophila, not much is known about taste coding at the larval stage. Here, the authors investigate gustatory receptor neurons in larvae and find single neurons are capable of responding to more than one taste modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena van Giesen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Luis Hernandez-Nunez
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sophie Delasoie-Baranek
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Martino Colombo
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Richard Benton
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Berne, Berne 3012, Switzerland
| | - Aravinthan D T Samuel
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
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French A, Ali Agha M, Mitra A, Yanagawa A, Sellier MJ, Marion-Poll F. Drosophila Bitter Taste(s). Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:58. [PMID: 26635553 PMCID: PMC4658422 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most animals possess taste receptors neurons detecting potentially noxious compounds. In humans, the ligands which activate these neurons define a sensory space called “bitter”. By extension, this term has been used in animals and insects to define molecules which induce aversive responses. In this review, based on our observations carried out in Drosophila, we examine how bitter compounds are detected and if bitter-sensitive neurons respond only to molecules bitter to humans. Like most animals, flies detect bitter chemicals through a specific population of taste neurons, distinct from those responding to sugars or to other modalities. Activating bitter-sensitive taste neurons induces aversive reactions and inhibits feeding. Bitter molecules also contribute to the suppression of sugar-neuron responses and can lead to a complete inhibition of the responses to sugar at the periphery. Since some bitter molecules activate bitter-sensitive neurons and some inhibit sugar detection, bitter molecules are represented by two sensory spaces which are only partially congruent. In addition to molecules which impact feeding, we recently discovered that the activation of bitter-sensitive neurons also induces grooming. Bitter-sensitive neurons of the wings and of the legs can sense chemicals from the gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, thus adding another biological function to these receptors. Bitter-sensitive neurons of the proboscis also respond to the inhibitory pheromone, 7-tricosene. Activating these neurons by bitter molecules in the context of sexual encounter inhibits courting and sexual reproduction, while activating these neurons with 7-tricosene in a feeding context will inhibit feeding. The picture that emerges from these observations is that the taste system is composed of detectors which monitor different “categories” of ligands, which facilitate or inhibit behaviors depending on the context (feeding, sexual reproduction, hygienic behavior), thus considerably extending the initial definition of “bitter” tasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice French
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Moutaz Ali Agha
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aniruddha Mitra
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aya Yanagawa
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji City, Japan
| | - Marie-Jeanne Sellier
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Marion-Poll
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; AgroParisTech Paris, France
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Apostolopoulou AA, Rist A, Thum AS. Taste processing in Drosophila larvae. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:50. [PMID: 26528147 PMCID: PMC4602287 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste allows animals to detect chemical substances in their environment to initiate appropriate behaviors: to find food or a mate, to avoid hostile environments and predators. Drosophila larvae are a promising model organism to study gustation. Their simple nervous system triggers stereotypic behavioral responses, and the coding of taste can be studied by genetic tools at the single cell level. This review briefly summarizes recent progress on how taste information is sensed and processed by larval cephalic and pharyngeal sense organs. The focus lies on several studies, which revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms required to process sugar, salt, and bitter substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Rist
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas S Thum
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany ; Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
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50
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Subunit composition of a DEG/ENaC mechanosensory channel of Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11690-5. [PMID: 26324944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515968112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans senses gentle touch in the six touch receptor neurons (TRNs) using a mechanotransduction complex that contains the pore-forming degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) proteins MEC-4 and MEC-10. Past work has suggested these proteins interact with the paraoxonase-like MEC-6 and the cholesterol-binding stomatin-like MEC-2 proteins. Using single molecule optical imaging in Xenopus oocytes, we found that MEC-4 forms homotrimers and MEC-4 and MEC-10 form 4:4:10 heterotrimers. MEC-6 and MEC-2 do not associate tightly with these trimers and do not influence trimer stoichiometry, indicating that they are not part of the core channel transduction complex. Consistent with the in vitro data, MEC-10, but not MEC-6, formed puncta in TRN neurites that colocalize with MEC-4 when MEC-4 is overexpressed in the TRNs.
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