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Chen Y, Zhou M, Liu J, Chi J, Yang X, Du Q, Ren X, Tian K. Multiple effects of dose-related GM-CSF on periodontal resorption in deep-frozen grafted teeth: A reverse study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111745. [PMID: 38430803 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Autologous tooth grafting is a dental restorative modality based on periodontal ligament healing.Human periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs) are involved in the formation and remodeling of periodontal tissue.Based on previous findings, the proliferation and differentiation of processing cryopreserved periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibit similarities to those of fresh cells. However, there is evident absorption in the transplanted frozen tooth's roots and bones, with the underlying cause remaining unknown. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) is named for its produce granulocyte and macrophage precursors from bone marrow precursors, and it also serves as one of the regulatory factors in inflammatory and osteoclast formation. This study aimed to investigate changes in GM-CSF expression in frozen PDLSCs (fhPDLSCs) and evaluate the impact of GM-CSF on PDLSCs with respect to cellular activity and osteogenic ability. The role of GM-CSF in periodontal absorption was further speculated by comparing with IL-1β. The results revealed a significant increase in GM-CSF levels from fhPDLSCs compared to fresh cells, which exhibited an equivalent inflammatory stimulation effect as 1 ng/ml IL-1β. Cell viability also increased with increasing concentrations of GM-CSF; however, the GM-CSF from fhPDLSCs was not sufficient to significantly trigger osteoclastic factors. Considering its interaction with IL-1β and positive feedback mechanism, environments with high doses of GM-CSF derived from fhPDLSCs are more likely to activate osteoclastic responses.Therefore, for frozen tooth replantation, great attention should be paid to anti-inflammation and anti-infection.GM-CSF may serve as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting periodontal resorption in delayed grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu 610091, China
| | - Juanxiu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Junzhou Chi
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaohua Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Li S, Lin L, Zhao J, Yang Z, Zhong Y, Huang L, Chen J, Zhang L, Ding Y, Xie T. The Study of the Influence of IL5RA Variants on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2023; 20:338-347. [PMID: 37905709 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2023.2270729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease, and its pathogenesis is influenced by genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the role of IL5RA genetic variation in the risk of COPD. In this study, 498 patients with COPD and 498 normal controls were recruited. Subsequently, five SNPs (rs3804795, rs2290610, rs13097407, rs334782, and rs3856850) in the IL5RA gene were genotyped. Logistic analysis examined the association of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL5RA with the risk of COPD under various genetic models. Furthermore, the association between IL5RA and susceptibility to COPD was comprehensively analyzed with stratification based on age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Our study showed that IL5RA rs13097407 reduced susceptibility to COPD (OR = 0.43, p < 0.001, p (FDR)< 0.001). On the other hand, rs3856850 was associated with an increased risk of COPD (OR = 1.71, p = 0.002, p (FDR) = 0.002). Interestingly, the effect of IL5RA SNPs on susceptibility to COPD was found to be influenced by factors such as sex and smoking. IL5RA gene variants were significantly associated with susceptibility to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siguang Li
- Department of General Practice, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lingsang Lin
- Department of General Practice, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of General Practice, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Linhui Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of General Practice, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yipeng Ding
- Department of General Practice, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation of Kaempferol in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Regulating Neuroinflammation Involving Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012694. [PMID: 36293548 PMCID: PMC9604352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a natural plant flavonoid compound, has a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke, while the specific mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we applied the comprehensive strategy that combines network pharmacology and experimental evaluation to explore the potential mechanism of kaempferol in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. First, network pharmacology analysis identified the biological process of kaempferol, suggesting that kaempferol may partly help in treating ischemic stroke by regulating apoptosis and inflammatory response. Then, we evaluated the efficacy of kaempferol in the acute stage of ischemic stroke and elucidated its effects and possible mechanisms on cell apoptosis and neuroinflammation involved by neutrophils. The results showed that kaempferol could significantly reduce the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), and reduce the volume of cerebral infarction and the degree of cerebral edema. In terms of anti-apoptosis, kaempferol could significantly reduce the number of TUNEL-positive cells, inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and promote the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Kaempferol may play an anti-apoptotic role by up-regulating the expression level of the BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, we found that kaempferol inhibited neuron loss and the activation of glial cells, as well as the expression level of the inflammatory protein COX-2 and the classic pro-inflammatory signaling pathway TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in the ischemic brain, reduced MPO activity and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood, and down-regulated neutrophil aggregation and infiltration in the ischemic brain. Western blot revealed that kaempferol down-regulated the activation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in neutrophils and ischemic brains. Our study showed that kaempferol inhibited the activation and number of neutrophils in the rat peripheral blood and brain, which may be related to the down-regulation of the JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
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Zhao H, Pomicter AD, Eiring AM, Franzini A, Ahmann J, Hwang JY, Senina A, Helton B, Iyer S, Yan D, Khorashad JS, Zabriskie MS, Agarwal A, Redwine HM, Bowler AD, Clair PM, McWeeney SK, Druker BJ, Tyner JW, Stirewalt DL, Oehler VG, Varambally S, Berrett KC, Vahrenkamp JM, Gertz J, Varley KE, Radich JP, Deininger MW. MS4A3 promotes differentiation in chronic myeloid leukemia by enhancing common β-chain cytokine receptor endocytosis. Blood 2022; 139:761-778. [PMID: 34780648 PMCID: PMC8814676 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) is characterized by the excessive production of maturating myeloid cells. As CML stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs) are poised to cycle and differentiate, LSPCs must balance conservation and differentiation to avoid exhaustion, similar to normal hematopoiesis under stress. Since BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) eliminate differentiating cells but spare BCR-ABL1-independent LSPCs, understanding the mechanisms that regulate LSPC differentiation may inform strategies to eliminate LSPCs. Upon performing a meta-analysis of published CML transcriptomes, we discovered that low expression of the MS4A3 transmembrane protein is a universal characteristic of LSPC quiescence, BCR-ABL1 independence, and transformation to blast phase (BP). Several mechanisms are involved in suppressing MS4A3, including aberrant methylation and a MECOM-C/EBPε axis. Contrary to previous reports, we find that MS4A3 does not function as a G1/S phase inhibitor but promotes endocytosis of common β-chain (βc) cytokine receptors upon GM-CSF/IL-3 stimulation, enhancing downstream signaling and cellular differentiation. This suggests that LSPCs downregulate MS4A3 to evade βc cytokine-induced differentiation and maintain a more primitive, TKI-insensitive state. Accordingly, knockdown (KD) or deletion of MS4A3/Ms4a3 promotes TKI resistance and survival of CML cells ex vivo and enhances leukemogenesis in vivo, while targeted delivery of exogenous MS4A3 protein promotes differentiation. These data support a model in which MS4A3 governs response to differentiating myeloid cytokines, providing a unifying mechanism for the differentiation block characteristic of CML quiescence and BP-CML. Promoting MS4A3 reexpression or delivery of ectopic MS4A3 may help eliminate LSPCs in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Endocytosis
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Zhao
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Anca Franzini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jonathan Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jae-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Anna Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bret Helton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Hannah M Redwine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Amber D Bowler
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Katherine E Varley
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Michael W Deininger
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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5
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Evolution toward beta common chain receptor usage links the matrix proteins of HIV-1 and its ancestors to human erythropoietin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021366118. [PMID: 33372148 PMCID: PMC7812818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021366118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) is a pleiotropic molecule impacting on different cell types. Its interaction with many cellular proteins underlines the importance of the viral protein as a major determinant of human specific adaptation. We previously showed the proangiogenic capability of p17. Here, by integrating functional analysis and receptor binding, we identify a functional epitope that displays molecular mimicry with human erythropoietin (EPO) and promotes angiogenesis through common beta chain receptor (βCR) activation. The functional EPO-like epitope was found to be present in the matrix protein of HIV-1 ancestors SIV originated in chimpanzees (SIVcpz) and gorillas (SIVgor) but not in that of HIV-2 and its ancestor SIVsmm from sooty mangabeys. According to biological data, evolution of the EPO-like epitope showed a clear differentiation between HIV-1/SIVcpz-gor and HIV-2/SIVsmm branches, thus highlighting this epitope on p17 as a divergent signature discriminating HIV-1 and HIV-2 ancestors. P17 is known to enhance HIV-1 replication. Similarly to other βCR ligands, p17 is capable of attracting and activating HIV-1 target cells and promoting a proinflammatory microenvironment. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that acquisition of an epitope on the matrix proteins of HIV-1 ancestors capable of triggering βCR may have represented a critical step to enhance viral aggressiveness and early human-to-human SIVcpz/gor dissemination. The hypothesis that the p17/βCR interaction and βCR abnormal stimulation may also play a role in sustaining chronic activation and inflammation, thus marking the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in term of pathogenicity, needs further investigation.
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6
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Petrina M, Martin J, Basta S. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has come of age: From a vaccine adjuvant to antiviral immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:101-110. [PMID: 33593661 PMCID: PMC8064670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
GM-CSF acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a key growth factor produced by several immune cells such as macrophages and activated T cells. In this review, we discuss recent studies that point to the crucial role of GM-CSF in the immune response against infections. Upon induction, GM-CSF activates four main signalling networks including the JAK/STAT, PI3K, MAPK, and NFκB pathways. Many of these transduction pathways such as JAK/STAT signal via proteins commonly activated with other antiviral signalling cascades, such as those induced by IFNs. GM-CSF also helps defend against respiratory infections by regulating alveolar macrophage differentiation and enhancing innate immunity in the lungs. Here, we also summarize the numerous clinical trials that have taken advantage of GM-CSF's mechanistic attributes in immunotherapy. Moreover, we discuss how GM-CSF is used as an adjuvant in vaccines and how its activity is interfered with to reduce inflammation such as in the case of COVID-19. This review brings forth the current knowledge on the antiviral actions of GM-CSF, the associated signalling cascades, and its application in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrina
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Martin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Luque-Martin R, Mander PK, Leenen PJM, Winther MPJ. Classic and new mediators for in vitro modelling of human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:549-560. [PMID: 32592421 PMCID: PMC7984372 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0620-018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells in the activation and regulation of immune responses. These cells are present in all tissues under homeostatic conditions and in many disease settings. Macrophages can exhibit a wide range of phenotypes depending on local and systemic cues that drive the differentiation and activation process. Macrophage heterogeneity is also defined by their ontogeny. Tissue macrophages can either derive from circulating blood monocytes or are seeded as tissue-resident macrophages during embryonic development. In humans, the study of in vivo-generated macrophages is often difficult with laborious and cell-changing isolation procedures. Therefore, translatable, reproducible, and robust in vitro models for human macrophages in health and disease are necessary. Most of the methods for studying monocyte-derived macrophages are based on the use of limited factors to differentiate the monocytes into macrophages. Current knowledge shows that the in vivo situation is more complex, and a wide range of molecules in the tissue microenvironment promote and impact on monocyte to macrophage differentiation as well as activation. In this review, macrophage heterogeneity is discussed and the human in vitro models that can be applied for research, especially for monocyte-derived macrophages. We also focus on new molecules (IL-34, platelet factor 4, etc.) used to generate macrophages expressing different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Luque-Martin
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
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8
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Macaluso FS, Rodríguez-Lago I. JAK Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:247-255. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200310111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease, including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are two
chronic and progressive disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Research on the molecular mechanisms of both
diseases has led to the introduction of targeted therapies which are able to selectively block the key inflammatory
mediators.
Methods:
Here, we discuss the current evidence about the mechanism of action with an up to date review of the
efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease.
Results:
Multiple small molecule drugs have been evaluated for their use in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s
disease. Janus kinase inhibitors represent the most important family of these drugs, as their particular mechanism of
action enables a simultaneous and effective blockade of multiple cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the
disease.
Conclusion:
Janus kinase inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy, especially in ulcerative colitis. More
data are still necessary regarding its efficacy and safety in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iago Rodríguez-Lago
- IBD Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Galdakao, Galdakao (Vizcaya), Spain
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Cordes F, Lenker E, Spille LJ, Weinhage T, Bettenworth D, Kessel C, Schmidt HH, Foell D, Varga G. Tofacitinib Reprograms Human Monocytes of IBD Patients and Healthy Controls Toward a More Regulatory Phenotype. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:391-406. [PMID: 31560043 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibition of Janus kinases (JAKs) and subsequent signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) by tofacitinib represents a new therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) as clinical trials have led to approval of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis (UC) and hint at a possible efficacy for Crohn`s disease (CD). However, the impact of tofacitinib on cellular response of monocytes, which are key players in inflammatory responses, has not been investigated so far. We aimed to analyze JAK/STAT-inhibition by tofacitinib in monocytes of IBD patients and healthy controls. METHODS Primary monocytes of IBD patients with active disease and healthy controls (n = 18) were analyzed for cytokine expression and phenotype after granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/interferon (IFN)γ-stimulation and tofacitinib pretreatment (1-1000 nM) and capacity to induce Foxp3+-regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cocultures. In total, 20 UC patients and 21 CD patients were included. Additionally, dose-dependent inhibition of JAK/STAT-phosphorylation was analyzed in controls. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory costimulation with GM-CSF/IFNγ resulted in significant tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 increase, whereas IL-10 expression decreased in monocytes. Tofacitinib modulated the responses of activated monocytes toward a regulatory phenotype through reduced TNFα and IL-6 secretion and enhanced Treg induction in cocultures. However, in monocytes from active IBD patients, higher tofacitinib dosages were needed for blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib induced stronger regulatory phenotypes in monocytes of UC patients, including more effective inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways and better restoration of anti-inflammatory mechanisms as compared with CD-derived monocytes. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib dose-dependently reprograms monocytes toward a more regulatory cell type. This beneficial effect possibly results from selective JAK/STAT-blockade by adequate tofacitinib dosage with inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses and permission of a balance-shift toward regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Lenker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea J Spille
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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10
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Yang T, Hu M, Qi W, Yang Z, Tang M, He J, Chen Y, Bai P, Yuan X, Zhang C, Liu K, Lu Y, Xiang M, Chen L. Discovery of Potent and Orally Effective Dual Janus Kinase 2/FLT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10305-10320. [PMID: 31670517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengshi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingli Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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11
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Weston BR, Li L, Tyson JJ. Mathematical Analysis of Cytokine-Induced Differentiation of Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitor Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2048. [PMID: 30279691 PMCID: PMC6153365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) cells play a vital role in the immune system by maturing into a variety of white blood cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, depending on exposure to cytokines such as various types of colony stimulating factors (CSF). Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) induces granulopoiesis and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) induces monopoiesis, while granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) favors monocytic and granulocytic differentiation at low and high concentrations, respectively. Although these differentiation pathways are well documented, the mechanisms behind the diverse behavioral responses of GMP cells to CSFs are not well understood. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of interacting CSF-receptors and transcription factors that control GMP differentiation, convert the mechanism into a set of differential equations, and explore the properties of this mathematical model using dynamical systems theory. Our model reproduces numerous experimental observations of GMP cell differentiation in response to varying dosages of G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF. In particular, we are able to reproduce the concentration-dependent behavior of GM-CSF induced differentiation, and propose a mechanism driving this behavior. In addition, we explore the differentiation of a fourth phenotype, monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC), showing how they might fit into the classical pathways of GMP differentiation and how progenitor cells can be primed for M-MDSC differentiation. Finally, we use the model to make novel predictions that can be explored by future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson R Weston
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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12
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Willebrand R, Dietschmann A, Nitschke L, Krappmann S, Voehringer D. Murine eosinophil development and allergic lung eosinophilia are largely dependent on the signaling adaptor GRB2. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1786-1795. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Willebrand
- Department of Infection Biology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Axel Dietschmann
- Department of Infection Biology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Department of Biology; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Hygiene and Immunology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology; University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU); Germany
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13
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Kilar CR, Sekharan S, Sautina L, Diao Y, Keinan S, Shen Y, Bungert J, Mohandas R, Segal MS. Computational design and experimental characterization of a novel β-common receptor inhibitory peptide. Peptides 2018; 104:1-6. [PMID: 29635062 PMCID: PMC6475910 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In short-term animal models of ischemia, erythropoietin (EPO) signaling through the heterodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR)/β-common receptor (βCR) is believed to elicit tissue protective effects. However, large, randomized, controlled trials demonstrate that targeting a higher hemoglobin level by administering higher doses of EPO, which are more likely to activate the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR, is associated with an increase in adverse cardiovascular events. Thus, inhibition of long-term activation of the βCR may have therapeutic implications. This study aimed to design and evaluate the efficacy of novel computationally designed βCR inhibitory peptides (βIP). These novel βIPs were designed based on a truncated portion of Helix-A from EPO, specifically residues 11-26 (VLERYLLEAKEAEKIT). Seven novel peptides (P1 to P7) were designed. Peptide 7 (P7), VLERYLHEAKHAEKIT, demonstrated the most robust inhibitory activity. We also report here the ability of P7 to inhibit βCR-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Specifically, we found that P7 βIP completely abolished EPO-induced NO production. The inhibitory effect could be overcome with super physiological doses of EPO, suggesting a competitive inhibition. βCR-induced angiogenesis in HUVEC's was also abolished with treatment of P7 βIP, but P7 βIP did not inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. In addition, we demonstrate that the novel P7 βIP does not inhibit EPO-induced erythropoiesis with use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These results, for the first time, describe a novel, potent βCR peptide inhibitor that inhibit the actions of the βCR without affecting erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Kilar
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sivakumar Sekharan
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6 Davis Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Larysa Sautina
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - YanPeng Diao
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6 Davis Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Mohandas
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark S Segal
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Wang X, Chu Q, Jiang X, Yu Y, Wang L, Cui Y, Lu J, Teng L, Wang D. Sarcodon imbricatus polysaccharides improve mouse hematopoietic function after cyclophosphamide-induced damage via G-CSF mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 29784961 PMCID: PMC5962553 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcodon imbricatus, a rare medicinal and edible fungus, has various pharmacological bioactivities. We investigated the effects of S. imbricatus polysaccharides (SIPS) on hematopoietic function and identified the underlying mechanisms using in vitro experiments with CHRF, K562, and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and in vivo experiments with a mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic dysfunction. We found that SIPS induced proliferation and differentiation of CHRF and K562 cells and upregulated the expression of hematopoietic-related proteins, including p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK1p90), c-Myc, and ETS transcription factor, in the two cell lines. After 28 days of treatment, SIPS enhanced the bodyweight and thymus indices of the mice, alleviated enlargement of the spleen and liver, and contributed to the recovery of peripheral blood to normal levels. More importantly, the percentages of B lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells were significantly elevated in bone marrow. Based on an antibody chip analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SIPS were found to successfully regulate 12 cytokines to healthy levels in serum and spleen. The cytokines included the following: interleukins 1Ra, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon−γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), C-C motif chemokine1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein−1. Moreover, SIPS upregulated the phosphorylation levels of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the spleen, and similar results were validated in CHRF cells, K562 cells, and BMMNCs. The data indicate that SIPS activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, possibly by interactions among multiple cytokines, particularly G-CSF. We found that SIPS was remarkably beneficial to the bone marrow hematopoietic system, and we anticipate that it could improve myelosuppression induced by long-term radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qiubo Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Libian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yaqi Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lirong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.
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15
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Pei H, He L, Shao M, Yang Z, Ran Y, Li D, Zhou Y, Tang M, Wang T, Gong Y, Chen X, Yang S, Xiang M, Chen L. Discovery of a highly selective JAK3 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5273. [PMID: 29588471 PMCID: PMC5869712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) is expressed in lymphoid cells and is involved in the signalling of T cell functions. The development of a selective JAK3 inhibitor has been shown to have a potential benefit in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. In this article, we developed the 4-aminopiperidine-based compound RB1, which was highly selective for JAK3 inhibition, with an IC50 of value of 40 nM, but did not inhibit JAK1, JAK2 or tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) at concentrations up to 5 µM. Furthermore, RB1 also exhibited favourable selectivity against a panel of representative kinases. In a battery of cytokine-stimulated cell-based assays, this potent inhibitor of JAK3 activity with good selectivity against other kinases could potently inhibit JAK3 activity over the activity of JAK1 or JAK2 (over at least 100-fold). A combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) experiments validated that RB1 covalently modified the unique cysteine 909 residue in JAK3. In vivo, RB1 exerted significantly improved pathology in the joints of a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. The reasonable pharmacokinetics properties (F = 72.52%, T1/2 = 14.6 h) and favourable results of toxicology experiments (LD50 > 2 g/kg) suggest that RB1 has the potential to be an efficacious treatment for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingli Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, China.
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16
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Brown RL, Sequeira RP, Clarke TB. The microbiota protects against respiratory infection via GM-CSF signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1512. [PMID: 29142211 PMCID: PMC5688119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota promotes resistance to respiratory infection, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Here, we identify members of the microbiota that protect against respiratory infection by the major human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We show that the microbiota enhances respiratory defenses via granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling, which stimulates pathogen killing and clearance by alveolar macrophages through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Increased pulmonary GM-CSF production in response to infection is primed by the microbiota through interleukin-17A. By combining models of commensal colonization in antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice, using cultured commensals from the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla, we found that potent Nod-like receptor-stimulating bacteria in the upper airway (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and intestinal microbiota (Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus crispatus and Clostridium orbiscindens) promote resistance to lung infection through Nod2 and GM-CSF. Our data reveal the identity, location, and properties of bacteria within the microbiota that regulate lung immunity, and delineate the host signaling axis they activate to protect against respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Brown
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard P Sequeira
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas B Clarke
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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17
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Vitamin C-induced epigenomic remodelling in IDH1 mutant acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2017; 32:11-20. [PMID: 28663574 PMCID: PMC5770587 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genomes of myeloid malignancies are characterized by epigenomic abnormalities. Heterozygous, inactivating ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) mutations and neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are recurrent and mutually exclusive in acute myeloid leukaemia genomes. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has been shown to stimulate the catalytic activity of TET2 in vitro and thus we sought to explore its effect in a leukaemic model expressing IDH1R132H. Vitamin C treatment induced an IDH1R132H-dependent reduction in cell proliferation and an increase in expression of genes involved in leukocyte differentiation. Vitamin C induced differentially methylated regions that displayed a significant overlap with enhancers implicated in myeloid differentiation and were enriched in sequence elements for the haematopoietic transcription factors CEBPβ, HIF1α, RUNX1 and PU.1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of PU.1 and RUNX1 revealed a significant loss of PU.1 and increase of RUNX1-bound DNA elements accompanied by their demethylation following vitamin C treatment. In addition, vitamin C induced an increase in H3K27ac flanking sites bound by RUNX1. On the basis of these data we propose a model of vitamin C-induced epigenetic remodelling of transcription factor-binding sites driving differentiation in a leukaemic model.
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18
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López C, Zamorano P, Teuber S, Salas M, Otth C, Hidalgo MA, Concha I, Zambrano A. Interleukin-3 Prevents Cellular Death Induced by Oxidative Stress in HEK293 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1330-1340. [PMID: 27862234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a well-characterized growth factor in hematopoietic cells, but it is also expressed in other cell types with poorly described functions. Many studies have provided evidence that IL-3 plays an important role in cell survival. We have previously shown that IL-3 is able to increase glucose uptake in HEK293 cells, suggesting that this factor requires sustained glucose metabolism to promote cell survival. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-3 contributes to cell survival under oxidative stress, a prominent feature in the pathophysiology of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the aging process. Our results suggest a molecular mechanism that involves signaling pathways mediated by PI-3k/Akt and Erk. Altogether, these findings show an important role for IL-3 in supporting the viability of non-hematopoietic systems. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1330-1340, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stefanie Teuber
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mónica Salas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carola Otth
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Valdivia, Los Ríos, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María A Hidalgo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Ilona Concha
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angara Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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19
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Endocytic regulation of cytokine receptor signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Chuang LS, Villaverde N, Hui KY, Mortha A, Rahman A, Levine AP, Haritunians T, Evelyn Ng SM, Zhang W, Hsu NY, Facey JA, Luong T, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Li D, Rivas M, Schiff ER, Gusev A, Schumm LP, Bowen BM, Sharma Y, Ning K, Remark R, Gnjatic S, Legnani P, George J, Sands BE, Stempak JM, Datta LW, Lipka S, Katz S, Cheifetz AS, Barzilai N, Pontikos N, Abraham C, Dubinsky MJ, Targan S, Taylor K, Rotter JI, Scherl EJ, Desnick RJ, Abreu MT, Zhao H, Atzmon G, Pe'er I, Kugathasan S, Hakonarson H, McCauley JL, Lencz T, Darvasi A, Plagnol V, Silverberg MS, Muise AM, Brant SR, Daly MJ, Segal AW, Duerr RH, Merad M, McGovern DPB, Peter I, Cho JH. A Frameshift in CSF2RB Predominant Among Ashkenazi Jews Increases Risk for Crohn's Disease and Reduces Monocyte Signaling via GM-CSF. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:710-723.e2. [PMID: 27377463 PMCID: PMC5037012 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) has the highest prevalence in Ashkenazi Jewish populations. We sought to identify rare, CD-associated frameshift variants of high functional and statistical effects. METHODS We performed exome sequencing and array-based genotype analyses of 1477 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals with CD and 2614 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals without CD (controls). To validate our findings, we performed genotype analyses of an additional 1515 CD cases and 7052 controls for frameshift mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 2-receptor β common subunit gene (CSF2RB). Intestinal tissues and blood samples were collected from patients with CD; lamina propria leukocytes were isolated and expression of CSF2RB and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-responsive cells were defined by adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF analysis). Variants of CSF2RB were transfected into HEK293 cells and the expression and functions of gene products were compared. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, we associated CD with a frameshift mutation in CSF2RB (P = 8.52 × 10(-4)); the finding was validated in the replication cohort (combined P = 3.42 × 10(-6)). Incubation of intestinal lamina propria leukocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in high levels of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) and lesser increases in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AK straining transforming (AKT). Cells co-transfected with full-length and mutant forms of CSF2RB had reduced pSTAT5 after stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, compared with cells transfected with control CSF2RB, indicating a dominant-negative effect of the mutant gene. Monocytes from patients with CD who were heterozygous for the frameshift mutation (6% of CD cases analyzed) had reduced responses to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and markedly decreased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase; activity of this enzyme has been associated with immune tolerance. CONCLUSIONS In a genetic analysis of Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, we associated CD with a frameshift mutation in CSF2RB. Intestinal monocytes from carriers of this mutation had reduced responses to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, providing an additional mechanism for alterations to the innate immune response in individuals with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Villaverde
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ken Y Hui
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Adam P Levine
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sok Meng Evelyn Ng
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Zhang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jody-Ann Facey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tramy Luong
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manuel Rivas
- Department of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena R Schiff
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Phillip Schumm
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Beatrice M Bowen
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yashoda Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kaida Ning
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Romain Remark
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Peter Legnani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James George
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joanne M Stempak
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa W Datta
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Seth Lipka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Seymour Katz
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam S Cheifetz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Abraham
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marla J Dubinsky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stephan Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kent Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomic Outcomes, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomic Outcomes, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Ellen J Scherl
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sanford I. Weill College of Cornell University-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Robert J Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Itsik Pe'er
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Centre for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob L McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Todd Lencz
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- Genetics Institute, Division of Biosciences, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven R Brant
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark J Daly
- Department of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony W Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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21
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Ushach I, Zlotnik A. Biological role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on cells of the myeloid lineage. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:481-9. [PMID: 27354413 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0316-144r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
M-CSF and GM-CSF are 2 important cytokines that regulate macrophage numbers and function. Here, we review their known effects on cells of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. Important clues to their function come from their expression patterns. M-CSF exhibits a mostly homeostatic expression pattern, whereas GM-CSF is a product of cells activated during inflammatory or pathologic conditions. Accordingly, M-CSF regulates the numbers of various tissue macrophage and monocyte populations without altering their "activation" status. Conversely, GM-CSF induces activation of monocytes/macrophages and also mediates differentiation to other states that participate in immune responses [i.e., dendritic cells (DCs)]. Further insights into their function have come from analyses of mice deficient in either cytokine. M-CSF signals through its receptor (CSF-1R). Interestingly, mice deficient in CSF-1R expression exhibit a more significant phenotype than mice deficient in M-CSF. This observation was explained by the discovery of a novel cytokine (IL-34) that represents a second ligand of CSF-1R. Information about the function of these ligands/receptor system is still developing, but its complexity is intriguing and strongly suggests that more interesting biology remains to be elucidated. Based on our current knowledge, several therapeutic molecules targeting either the M-CSF or the GM-CSF pathways have been developed and are currently being tested in clinical trials targeting either autoimmune diseases or cancer. It is intriguing to consider how evolution has directed these pathways to develop; their complexity likely mirrors the multiple functions in which cells of the monocyte/macrophage system are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ushach
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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22
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Weng S, Matsuura S, Mowery CT, Stoner SA, Lam K, Ran D, Davis AG, Lo MC, Zhang DE. Restoration of MYC-repressed targets mediates the negative effects of GM-CSF on RUNX1-ETO leukemogenicity. Leukemia 2016; 31:159-169. [PMID: 27389055 PMCID: PMC5214981 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GM-CSF signaling regulates hematopoiesis and immune responses. CSF2RA, the gene encoding the α subunit for GM-CSF, is significantly downregulated in t(8;21) (RUNX1-ETO or RE) leukemia patients, suggesting that it may serve as a tumor suppressor. We previously reported that GM-CSF signaling is inhibitory to RE leukemogenesis. Here we conducted gene expression profiling of primary RE hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) treated with GM-CSF to elucidate the mechanisms mediating the negative effects of GM on RE leukemogenicity. We observed that GM treatment of RE HSPCs resulted in a unique gene expression profile that resembles primary human cells undergoing myelopoiesis, which was not observed in control HSPCs. Additionally we discovered that GM-CSF signaling attenuates MYC-associated gene signatures in RE HSPCs. In agreement with this, a functional screen of a subset of GM-CSF-responsive genes demonstrated that a MYC inhibitor, MXI1, reduced the leukemic potential of RE HSPCs and t(8;21) AML cells. Furthermore, MYC knockdown and treatment with the BET inhibitor JQ1 reduced the leukemic potential of t(8;21) cell lines. Altogether, we discovered a novel molecular mechanism mediating the GM-CSF-induced reduction in leukemic potential of RE cells, and our findings support MYC inhibition as an effective strategy for reducing the leukemogenicity of t(8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weng
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Matsuura
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C T Mowery
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S A Stoner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K Lam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Ran
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A G Davis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M-C Lo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D-E Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Kour S, Garimella MG, Shiroor DA, Mhaske ST, Joshi SR, Singh K, Pal S, Mittal M, Krishnan HB, Chattopadhyay N, Ulemale AH, Wani MR. IL-3 Decreases Cartilage Degeneration by Downregulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Reduces Joint Destruction in Osteoarthritic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5024-35. [PMID: 27183574 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease of articular joints that leads to degeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. These degenerative changes are further aggravated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α. Previously, we have reported that IL-3, a cytokine secreted by activated T cells, protects cartilage and bone damage in murine models of inflammatory and rheumatoid arthritis. However, how IL-3 protects cartilage degeneration is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-3 on cartilage degeneration under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. We found that both mouse and human chondrocytes show strong expression of IL-3R at gene and protein levels. IL-3 increases the expression of mouse chondrocyte-specific genes, Sox9 and collagen type IIa, which were downregulated by IL-1β. Moreover, IL-3 downregulated IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases in both mouse and human chondrocytes. Interestingly, IL-3 reduces the degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microarchitecture in a mouse model of human OA. Moreover, IL-3 showed the preventive and therapeutic effects on cartilage degeneration induced by IL-1β in micromass pellet cultures of human mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that IL-3 has therapeutic potential in amelioration of degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microarchitecture associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinder Kour
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Manasa G Garimella
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Divya A Shiroor
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal 412801, Satara, India
| | - Suhas T Mhaske
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Snehal R Joshi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Kanupriya Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; and
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; and
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; and
| | - Anil H Ulemale
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal 412801, Satara, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;
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24
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Lavin Y, Mortha A, Rahman A, Merad M. Regulation of macrophage development and function in peripheral tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 15:731-44. [PMID: 26603899 DOI: 10.1038/nri3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells of haematopoietic origin that provide crucial innate immune defence and have tissue-specific functions in the regulation and maintenance of organ homeostasis. Recent studies of macrophage ontogeny, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic identity, have started to reveal the decisive role of the tissue stroma in the regulation of macrophage function. These findings suggest that most macrophages seed the tissues during embryonic development and functionally specialize in response to cytokines and metabolites that are released by the stroma and drive the expression of unique transcription factors. In this Review, we discuss how recent insights into macrophage ontogeny and macrophage-stroma interactions contribute to our understanding of the crosstalk that shapes macrophage function and the maintenance of organ integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Lavin
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029, USA
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029, USA
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25
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Ye M, Zhang H, Yang H, Koche R, Staber PB, Cusan M, Levantini E, Welner RS, Bach CS, Zhang J, Krivtsov AV, Armstrong SA, Tenen DG. Hematopoietic Differentiation Is Required for Initiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:611-23. [PMID: 26412561 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-associated oncogenes often arise in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and promote acquisition of leukemia stem cell (LSC) phenotypes. However, as LSCs often share features of lineage-restricted progenitors, the relative contribution of differentiation status to LSC transformation is unclear. Using murine MLL-AF9 and MOZ-TIF2 AML models, we show that myeloid differentiation to granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) is critical for LSC generation. Disrupting GMP formation by deleting the lineage-restricted transcription factor C/EBPa blocked normal granulocyte formation and prevented initiation of AML. However, restoring myeloid differentiation in C/EBPa mutants with inflammatory cytokines reestablished AML transformation capacity. Genomic analyses of GMPs, including gene expression and H3K79me2 profiling in conjunction with ATAC-seq, revealed a permissive genomic environment for activation of a minimal transcription program shared by GMPs and LSCs. Together, these findings show that myeloid differentiation is a prerequisite for LSC formation and AML development, providing insights for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Richard Koche
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Cusan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Robert S Welner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian S Bach
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599.
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26
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Liu SQ, Ma XL, Qin G, Liu Q, Li YC, Wu YH. Trans-system mechanisms against ischemic myocardial injury. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:167-92. [PMID: 25589268 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A mammalian organism possesses a hierarchy of naturally evolved protective mechanisms against ischemic myocardial injury at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. These mechanisms comprise regional protective processes, including upregulation and secretion of paracrine cell-survival factors, inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and resident stem cell-based cardiomyocyte regeneration. There are also interactive protective processes between the injured heart, circulation, and selected remote organs, defined as trans-system protective mechanisms, including upregulation and secretion of endocrine cell-survival factors from the liver and adipose tissue as well as mobilization of bone marrow, splenic, and hepatic cells to the injury site to mediate myocardial protection and repair. The injured heart and activated remote organs exploit molecular and cellular processes, including signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and/or extracellular matrix production, to establish protective mechanisms. Both regional and trans-system cardioprotective mechanisms are mediated by paracrine and endocrine messengers and act in coordination and synergy to maximize the protective effect, minimize myocardial infarction, and improve myocardial function, ensuring the survival and timely repair of the injured heart. The concept of the trans-system protective mechanisms may be generalized to other organ systems-injury in one organ may initiate regional as well as trans-system protective responses, thereby minimizing injury and ensuring the survival of the entire organism. Selected trans-system processes may serve as core protective mechanisms that can be exploited by selected organs in injury. These naturally evolved protective mechanisms are the foundation for developing protective strategies for myocardial infarction and injury-induced disorders in other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Q Liu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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27
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Wang Y, Zhou C, Huo J, Ni Y, Zhang P, Lu C, Jing B, Xiao F, Chen W, Li W, Zhang P, Zhang L. TRAF6 is required for the GM-CSF-induced JNK, p38 and Akt activation. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:224-9. [PMID: 25700345 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
JNK, p38 and Akt signalings have been shown to be activated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and are pivotal for GM-CSF-mediated survival, proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and their progenitors. However, the detailed mechanism of how these signalings is activated by GM-CSF is not fully elucidated. We report here that E3 ligase TRAF6 is required for the GM-CSF-induced activation of JNK, p38 and Akt. GM-CSF triggers autoubiquitination of TRAF6 and TRAF6 knocked down results in impaired activation of JNK and p38 signaling. TRAF6 is also required for GM-CSF-induced ubiquitination and activation of Akt. These findings reveal novel roles of TRAF6 in GM-CSF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chinese PLA 532 Hospital, Anhui 242700, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiang Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanli Ni
- 307-lvy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bin Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China; 307-lvy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
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28
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Amid A, Wan Chik WD, Jamal P, Hashim YZHY. Microarray and quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression profiles in response to treatment with tomato leaf extract in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6319-25. [PMID: 23464452 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found cytotoxic effects of tomato leaf extract (TLE) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The aim of this study was to ascertain the molecular mechanisms associated with the usage of TLE as an anticancer agent by microarray analysis using mRNA from MCF-7 breast cancer cells after treatment with TLE for 1 hr and 48 hrs. Approximately 991 genes out of the 30,000 genes in the human genome were significantly (p<0.05) changed after the treatment. Within this gene set, 88 were significantly changed between the TLE treated cells and the untreated MCF-7 cells (control cells) with a cut-off fold change >2.00. In order to focus on genes that were involved in cancer cell growth, only twenty-nine genes were selected, either down-regulated or up-regulated after treatment with TLE. Microarray assay results were confirmed by analyzing 10 of the most up and down regulated genes related to cancer cells progression using real-time PCR. Treatment with TLE induced significant up-regulation in the expression of the CRYAB, PIM1, BTG1, CYR61, HIF1-α and CEBP-β genes after 1 hr and 48 hrs, whereas the TXNIP and THBS1 genes were up-regulated after 1 hr of treatment but down-regulated after 48 hrs. In addition both the HMG1L1 and HIST2H3D genes were down-regulated after 1 hr and 48 hrs of treatment. These results demonstrate the potent activity of TLE as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azura Amid
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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29
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Chen HM, Zhu BZ, Chen RJ, Wang BJ, Wang YJ. The pentachlorophenol metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone induces massive ROS and prolonged p-ERK expression in splenocytes, leading to inhibition of apoptosis and necrotic cell death. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89483. [PMID: 24586814 PMCID: PMC3935892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been used extensively as a biocide and a wood preservative and has been reported to be immunosuppressive in rodents and humans. Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a major metabolite of PCP. TCHQ has been identified as the main cause of PCP-induced genotoxicity due to reactive oxidant stress (ROS). However, the precise mechanisms associated with the immunotoxic effects of PCP and TCHQ remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PCP and TCHQ on the induction of ROS and injury to primary mouse splenocytes. Our results shown that TCHQ was more toxic than PCP and that a high dose of TCHQ led to necrotic cell death of the splenocytes through induction of massive and sudden ROS and prolonged ROS-triggered ERK activation. Inhibition of ROS production by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) partially restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited ERK activity, elevated caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage, and, eventually, switched the TCHQ-induced necrosis to apoptosis. We suggest that prolonged ERK activation is essential for TCHQ-induced necrosis, and that ROS play a pivotal role in the different TCHQ-induced cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Min Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bour-Jr. Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-JW); (B-JW)
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-JW); (B-JW)
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30
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The five “Ws” for bone pain due to the administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 89:112-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Archer LD, Langford-Smith KJ, Bigger BW, Fildes JE. Mucopolysaccharide diseases: a complex interplay between neuroinflammation, microglial activation and adaptive immunity. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:1-12. [PMID: 23653226 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) diseases are lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by deficiencies in enzymes required for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism. Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), MPS IIIA, MPS IIIB and MPS VII are deficient in the enzymes α-L-Iduronidase, Heparan-N-Sulphatase, N-Acetylglucosaminidase and Beta-Glucuronidase, respectively. Enzyme deficiency leads to the progressive multi-systemic build-up of heparan sulphate (HS) and dermatan sulphate (DS) within cellular lysosomes, followed by cell, tissue and organ damage and in particular neurodegeneration. Clinical manifestations of MPS are well established; however as lysosomes represent vital components of immune cells, it follows that lysosomal accumulation of GAGs could affect diverse immune functions and therefore influence disease pathogenesis. Theoretically, MPS neurodegeneration and GAGs could be substantiating a threat of danger and damage to alert the immune system for cellular clearance, which due to the progressive nature of MPS storage would propagate disease pathogenesis. Innate immunity appears to have a key role in MPS; however the extent of adaptive immune involvement remains to be elucidated. The current literature suggests a complex interplay between neuroinflammation, microglial activation and adaptive immunity in MPS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise D Archer
- The Transplant Centre, UHSM, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
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Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor: not just another haematopoietic growth factor. Med Oncol 2013; 31:774. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li S, Han Z, Ma Y, Song R, Pei T, Zheng T, Wang J, Xu D, Fang X, Jiang H, Liu L. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth: an in vivo and in vitro study. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:145-52. [PMID: 24247752 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of digestive tumor that is associated with a high rate of mortality due to the difficulty of early diagnosis and the resistance of this tumor type to chemotherapy. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), which is derived from virgin olive oil (VOO), has recently been reported to inhibit the proliferation of various types of human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HT on CCA. The antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of HT on CCA were evaluated in the human CCA cell lines TFK-1 and KMBC and the human gallbladder cancer cell line GBS-SD. We also assessed this effect in vivo. We found that 75 µM HT inhibited the proliferation of the TFK-1, KMBC and GBS-SD cell lines. However, 200 µM HT treatment did not affect the proliferation of the human bile duct cell line HIBEpiC. More importantly, HT (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) markedly inhibited the growth of CCA xenografts in mice. G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were observed using flow cytometry and western blotting, and we also noted a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of phospho-ERK, with no changes in total-ERK, during treatment with HT. The present study showed that HT induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that HT, which possesses excellent biocompatibility and few side-effects, could be developed as a novel agent against CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Choi JK, Kim KH, Park SR, Choi BH. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor shows anti-apoptotic activity via the PI3K-NF-κB-HIF-1α-survivin pathway in mouse neural progenitor cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:724-33. [PMID: 24022164 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic cells. Recent studies have shown that GM-CSF also has anti-apoptotic effects and regulates the expression of anti-apoptotic genes including Bcl-2 family proteins in neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic function of GM-CSF is not well understood. In the present work, we examined the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signal pathway in the anti-apoptotic activity of GM-CSF in mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, the anti-apoptotic effect of GM-CSF (apoptotic population of approximately 8.17 %) on staurosporine-induced apoptosis of NPCs (31.09 %) was significantly blocked by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K signal (24.04 %). We found that the PI3K-AKT signal pathway induced by GM-CSF treatment activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in normoxic conditions. Analyses using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) showed that NF-κB was an upstream molecule of HIF-1α and activated its expression at the mRNA level. Further analyses using the siRNAs and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that HIF-1α was responsible for the induced expression of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Each of the specific siRNAs for NF-κB, HIF-1α, and survivin inhibited significantly the anti-apoptotic activity of GM-CSF on the staurosporine-induced apoptosis in NPCs in TUNEL assays. The results of this study showed the downstream signals and mechanism of PI3K/AKT-mediated anti-apoptotic activity of GM-CSF in NPCs, particularly revealing the role of the NF-κB-HIF-1α-survivin cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Peralta OA, Bucher D, Fernandez A, Berland M, Strobel P, Ramirez A, Ratto MH, Concha I. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances cumulus cell expansion in bovine oocytes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:55. [PMID: 23799974 PMCID: PMC3738149 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of the study were to characterize the expression of the α- and β-subunits of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor in bovine cumulus cells and oocytes and to determine the effect of exogenous GM-CSF on cumulus cells expansion, oocyte maturation, IGF-2 transcript expression and subsequent competence for embryonic development. METHODS Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were obtained by aspirating follicles 3- to 8-mm in diameter with an 18 G needle connected to a vacuum pump at -50 mmHg. Samples of cumulus cells and oocytes were used to detect GM- CSF receptor by immunofluorescence. A dose-response experiment was performed to estimate the effect of GM-CSF on cumulus cell expansion and nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation. Also, the effect of GM-CSF on IGF-2 expression was evaluated in oocytes and cumulus cells after in vitro maturation by Q-PCR. Finally, a batch of COC was randomly assigned to in vitro maturation media consisting of: 1) synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF, n = 212); 2) synthetic oviductal fluid supplemented with 100 ng/ml of GM-CSF (SOF + GM-CSF, n = 224) or 3) tissue culture medium (TCM 199, n = 216) and then subsequently in vitro fertilized and cultured for 9 days. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for both α and β GM-CSF receptors was localized in the cytoplasm of both cumulus cells and oocytes. Oocytes in vitro matured either with 10 or 100 ng/ml of GM-CSF presented a higher (P < 0.05) cumulus cells expansion than that of the control group (0 ng/ml of GM-CSF). GM-CSF did not affect the proportion of oocytes in metaphase II, cortical granules dispersion and IGF-2 expression. COC exposed to 100 ng/ml of GM-CSF during maturation did not display significant differences in terms of embryo cleavage rate (50.4% vs. 57.5%), blastocyst development at day 7 (31.9% vs. 28.7%) and at day 9 (17.4% vs. 17.9%) compared to untreated control (SOF alone, P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS GM-CSF enhanced cumulus cell expansion of in vitro matured bovine COC. However, GM-CSF did not increase oocyte nuclear or cytoplasmic maturation rates, IGF-2 expression or subsequent embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Peralta
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danai Bucher
- Institutos de Ciencia Animal y Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ana Fernandez
- Institutos de Ciencia Animal y Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marco Berland
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Strobel
- Institutos de Ciencia Animal y Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Institutos de Ciencia Animal y Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcelo H Ratto
- Institutos de Ciencia Animal y Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ilona Concha
- Institutos de Ciencia Animal y Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Archer LD, Langford-Smith KJ, Critchley WR, Bigger BW, Fildes JE. Characterisation of the T cell and dendritic cell repertoire in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I). J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:257-62. [PMID: 22773246 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a metabolic disorder caused by α-L-Iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency, resulting in lysosomal accumulation of heparan (HS) and dermatan sulphate (DS). This has been reported in microglia, yet currently the effect of IDUA deficiency on T cells and dendritic cells (DC) and their functionality in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 3 month old C57BL/6 MPS I (n = 11) and wildtype (WT) (n = 6) mice. T cell and DC phenotype and functional characteristics were identified by flow cytometry. RESULTS MPS I mice exhibited a reduction in DC (p = <0.001) along with CD8+ cytotoxic (p = 0.01) and CD4+ T helper (p = 0.032) cells, compared to WT controls. MPS I DC displayed a significant decrease in cell surface CD123 (p = 0.02) and CD86 (p = 0.006) expression. Furthermore, CD45RB expression was significantly reduced on T helper cells in the MPS I population (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION We report a reduction in circulating DC and T cells in the MPS I mouse; indicative of adaptive immune dysfunction. DC reduction may occur in response to down-regulation of the IL-3 receptor (CD123), necessary for DC survival. We also report down-regulation of cell surface CD86, a molecule required for T cell co-stimulation. T helper cell down-regulation of CD45RB is redolent of an anti-inflammatory phenotype with poor proliferative capacity. The definitive causes of our findings and the consequences and role that these findings play in the pathogenesis of MPS are unclear, but may be in response to lysosomal storage of unmetabolized HS and DS.
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Yang X, Yao J, Luo Y, Han Y, Wang Z, Du L. P38 MAP Kinase Mediates Apoptosis After Genipin Treatment in Non^|^ndash;Small-Cell Lung Cancer H1299 Cells via a Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cascade. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 121:272-81. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12234fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Hansbro PM, Scott GV, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Allen PD, Kaiko GE, Yang M, Horvat JC, Foster PS. Th2 cytokine antagonists: potential treatments for severe asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 22:49-69. [PMID: 23126660 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.732997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a major disease burden worldwide. Treatment with steroids and long acting β-agonists effectively manage symptoms in many patients but do not treat the underlying cause of disease and have serious side effects when used long term and in children. Therapies targeting the underlying causes of asthma are urgently needed. T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and the cytokines they release are clinically linked to the presentation of all forms of asthma. They are the primary drivers of mild to moderate and allergic asthma. They also play a pathogenetic role in exacerbations and more severe asthma though other factors are also involved. Much effort using animal models and human studies has been dedicated to the identification of the pathogenetic roles of these cells and cytokines and whether inhibition of their activity has therapeutic benefit in asthma. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current status of Th2 cytokine antagonists for the treatment of asthma. We also discuss the potential for targeting Th2-inducing cytokines, Th2 cell receptors and signaling as well as the use of Th2 cell antagonists, small interfering oligonucleotides, microRNAs, and combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Th2 antagonists may be most effective in particular asthma subtypes/endotypes where specific cytokines are known to be active through the analysis of biomarkers. Targeting common receptors and pathways used by these cytokines may have additional benefit. Animal models have been valuable in identifying therapeutic targets in asthma, however the results from such studies need to be carefully interpreted and applied to appropriately stratified patient cohorts in well-designed clinical studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 2, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
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Liu H, Liang Y, Wang L, Tian L, Song R, Han T, Pan S, Liu L. In vivo and in vitro suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma by EF24, a curcumin analog. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48075. [PMID: 23118928 PMCID: PMC3485291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic compound 3,5-bis(2-flurobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one (EF24) is a potent analog of curcumin that exhibits enhanced biological activity and bioavailability without increasing toxicity. EF24 exerts antitumor activity by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, suppressing many types of cancer cells in vitro. The antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties of EF24 provide theoretical support for its development and application to liver cancers. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of EF24 on liver cancer to better understand its therapeutic effects and mechanisms. EF24 induced significant apoptosis and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in mouse liver cancer cell lines, Hepa1-6 and H22. The expression levels of G2/M cell cycle regulating factors, cyclin B1 and Cdc2, were significantly decreased, pp53, p53, and p21 were significantly increased in EF24-treated cells. In addition, EF24 treatment significantly reduced Bcl-2 concomitant with an increase in Bax, enhanced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, resulting in an upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3, which promoted poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. EF24-treated cells also displayed decreases in phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor. Our in vitro protein expression data were confirmed in vivo using a subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor model. This mouse HCC model confirmed that total body weight was unchanged following EF24 treatment, although tumor weight was significantly decreased. Using an orthotopic HCC model, EF24 significantly reduced the liver/body weight ratio and relative tumor areas compared to the control group. In situ detection of apoptotic cells and quantification of Ki-67, a biomarker of cell proliferation, all indicated significant tumor suppression with EF24 treatment. These results suggest that EF24 exhibits anti-tumor activity on liver cancer cells via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest coupled with antiangiogenesis. The demonstrated activities of EF24 support its further evaluation as a treatment for human liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Luoluo Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Lantian Tian
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Tianwen Han
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Research Centre of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P.R.China
- * E-mail: .
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Hidano S, Kitamura D, Kumar L, Geha RS, Goitsuka R. SLP-76 is required for high-affinity IgE receptor- and IL-3 receptor-mediated activation of basophils. Int Immunol 2012; 24:719-27. [PMID: 22875843 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils have been reported to play a critical role in allergic inflammation by secreting IL-4 in response to IL-3 or high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-cross-linking. However, the signaling pathways downstream of FcεRI and the IL-3 receptor in basophils have yet to be determined. In the present study, we used mice deficient in SLP-76 (Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76kDa) to demonstrate critical functions of this adaptor molecule in transducing FcεRI- and IL-3 receptor-mediated signals that induce basophil activation. Although SLP-76 was dispensable for in vivo differentiation, as well as IL-3-induced in vitro proliferation of basophils, IL-4 production induced by both stimuli was completely ablated by SLP-76 deficiency. Biochemical analyses revealed that IL-3-induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC) γ2 and Akt, but not STAT5, was severely reduced in SLP-76-deficient basophils, whereas FcεRI cross-linking phosphorylation of PLCγ2, but not Akt, was abrogated by SLP-76 deficiency, suggesting important differences in the requirement of SLP-76 for Akt activation between FcεRI- and IL-3 receptor-mediated signaling pathways in basophils. Because IL-3-induced IL-4 production was sensitive to calcineurin inhibitors and an intracellular calcium chelator, in addition to PI3K inhibitors, SLP-76 appears to regulate FcεRI- and IL-3 receptor-induced IL-4 production via mediating PLCγ2 activation in basophils. Taken together, these findings indicate that SLP-76 is an essential signaling component for basophil activation downstream of both FcεRI and the IL-3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hidano
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
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Kelly EAB, Liu LY, Esnault S, Quinchia Johnson BH, Jarjour NN. Potent synergistic effect of IL-3 and TNF on matrix metalloproteinase 9 generation by human eosinophils. Cytokine 2012; 58:199-206. [PMID: 22321809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TNF (designated as TNF-α under previous nomenclature) is the preeminent activator of MMP-9 generation from a variety of cells including eosinophils. We have previously established that TNF strongly synergizes with IFN-γ and IL-4 for eosinophil synthesis of Th1- and Th2-type chemokines respectively. Thus, we sought to determine if TNF-induced synthesis of MMP-9 would be enhanced by the presence of Th1, Th2, or the eosinophil-associated common beta chain (βc) cytokines. Human blood eosinophils were cultured with TNF alone or in combination with either IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF. Concentrations and activities of MMP-9 in eosinophil culture supernates were measured by ELISA and gelatin zymography, mRNA transcription and stabilization by quantitative real-time PCR, and signaling events by immunoblotting and intracellular flow cytometric analysis. Individually, TNF, GM-CSF, or IL-3, but not IL-4 or IFN-γ, induced relatively small (<0.2 ng/ml) but statistically significant quantities of MMP-9. Remarkable synergistic synthesis of MMP-9 (ng/ml levels) occurred in response to TNF plus IL-3, GM-CSF or IL-5, in the order of IL-3>GM-CSF>IL-5. Zymography revealed that eosinophils release MMP-9 in its pro-form. Eosinophil stimulation with the combination of IL-3 plus TNF led to increased steady-state levels of MMP-9 mRNA, prolonged mRNA stabilization, and enhanced activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of NF-κB, MEK kinase, or p38 MAP kinase, but not JNK signaling pathways, diminished IL-3/TNF-induced MMP-9 mRNA and protein production. Thus, the synergistic regulation of eosinophil MMP-9 by IL-3 plus TNF likely involves cooperative interaction of multiple transcription factors downstream from ERK, p38, and NF-κB activation as well as post-transcriptional regulation of MMP-9 mRNA stabilization. Our data indicate that within microenvironments rich in βc-family cytokines and TNF, eosinophils are an important source of proMMP-9 and highlight a previously unrecognized role for synergistic interaction between TNF and βc-family cytokines, particularly IL-3, for proMMP-9 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A B Kelly
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Abstract
The t(8;21)(q22;q22) is common in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The RUNX1-ETO fusion protein that is expressed by this translocation is poorly leukemogenic and requires additional mutations for transformation. Loss of sex chromosome (LOS) is frequently observed in t(8;21) AML. In the present study, to evaluate whether LOS cooperates with t(8;21) in leukemogenesis, we first used a retroviral transduction/transplantation model to express RUNX1-ETO in hematopoietic cells from XO mice. The low frequency of leukemia in these mice suggests that the potentially critical gene for suppression of t(8;21) leukemia in humans is not conserved on mouse sex chromosomes. The gene encoding the GM-CSF receptor α subunit (CSF2RA) is located on X and Y chromosomes in humans but on chromosome 19 in mice. GM-CSF promotes myeloid cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. To determine whether GM-CSF signaling affects RUNX1-ETO leukemogenesis, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells that lack GM-CSF signaling were used to express RUNX1-ETO and transplanted into lethally irradiated mice, and a high penetrance of AML was observed in recipients. Furthermore, GM-CSF reduced the replating ability of RUNX1-ETO-expressing cells. These results suggest a possible tumor-suppressor role of GM-CSF in RUNX1-ETO leukemia. Loss of the CSF2RA gene may be a critical mutation explaining the high incidence of LOS associated with the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation.
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Oufkir T, Vaillancourt C. Phosphorylation of JAK2 by serotonin 5-HT (2A) receptor activates both STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways and increases growth of JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cell. Placenta 2011; 32:1033-40. [PMID: 21993263 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor activation improves viability, increases DNA synthesis and activates JAK2-STAT3 and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathways in JEG-3 human trophoblast choriocarcinoma cells. The goal of this study was to characterize the signal transduction cascade involved in 5-HT(2A) receptor-induced growth of JEG-3 cells. Selective 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist, DOI, induced JEG-3 cell growth was inhibited by the inhibitor of JAK2 (AG490), MEK1/2 (U0126), phospholipase C-β (PLC-β; U73122) and protein kinase C-β (PKC-β; Gö6976)), whereas the selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) had no effect. Specific inhibitors of PLC-β, PKC-β and Ras (farnesylthiosalicylic acid) inhibit activation of ERK1/2, whereas the PKC-ζ inhibitor GF109203X had no effect. Interestingly, inhibition of JAK2 prevented DOI-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway had no effect on DOI-induced activation of STAT3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that both the JAK2-STAT3 and PLC-β-PKC-β-Ras-ERK1/2 signalling pathways are involved in the stimulation of JEG-3 cell growth mediated by DOI. Moreover, this study shows that activation of JAK2 by the 5-HT(2A) receptor is essential to activate both STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways as well as to increase JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oufkir
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Building 18, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
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Chung E, Kondo M. Role of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia development. Immunol Res 2011; 49:248-68. [PMID: 21170740 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-010-8187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on hematological malignancies has shown that malignant cells often co-opt physiological pathways to promote their growth and development. Bone marrow homeostasis requires a fine balance between cellular differentiation and self-renewal; cell survival and apoptosis; and cellular proliferation and senescence. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway has been shown to be important in regulating these biological functions. Moreover, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway has been estimated to be mutated in 30% of all cancers, thus making it the focus of many scientific studies which have lead to a deeper understanding of cancer development and help to elucidate potential weaknesses that can be targeted by pharmacological agents [1]. In this review, we specifically focus on the role of this pathway in physiological hematopoiesis and how augmentation of the pathway may lead to hematopoietic malignancies. We also discuss the challenges and success of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Chung
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, 101 Jones Building, DUMC Box 3010, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Choi JK, Kim KH, Park H, Park SR, Choi BH. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor shows anti-apoptotic activity in neural progenitor cells via JAK/STAT5-Bcl-2 pathway. Apoptosis 2011; 16:127-34. [PMID: 21052840 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many studies have shown that granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has anti-apoptotic activity and regulates the expression of anti-apoptotic genes including Bcl-2 family proteins in neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated detailed mechanism of GM-CSF involved in its anti-apoptotic activity and regulation of Bcl-2 expression in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as a model. NPCs were cultured from the brain of E13 ICR mouse. When NPCs were treated with staurosporine at 1 μM, apoptosis occurred in more than 30% of cells in TUNEL assay. However, apoptosis was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with GM-CSF at 10 ng/ml. Under the same experimental condition, the expression of both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was clearly induced by GM-CSF regardless of staurosporine treatment in RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. GM-CSF was shown to induce the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl via Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) but not via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK-1) using specific signal pathway inhibitors. Further analyses showed that the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was induced by GM-CSF via signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) and STAT3, respectively. In addition, JAK/STAT5-Bcl-2 pathway but not JAK/STAT3-Bcl-xl pathway was responsible for the anti-apoptotic activity of GM-CSF in NPCs in TUNEL assay. To our knowledge, this study is the first report that shows differential roles of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and their regulation mechanism involved in the anti-apoptotic activity of GM-CSF in NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Lanfranconi S, Locatelli F, Corti S, Candelise L, Comi GP, Baron PL, Strazzer S, Bresolin N, Bersano A. Growth factors in ischemic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1645-87. [PMID: 20015202 PMCID: PMC4373358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies provide evidence that colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and other growth factors (GFs) can improve stroke outcome by reducing stroke damage through their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis. This review provides a critical and up-to-date literature review on CSF use in stroke. We searched for experimental and clinical studies on haemopoietic GFs such as granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial GF, stromal cell-derived factor-1α and SCF in ischemic stroke. We also considered studies on insulin-like growth factor-1 and neurotrophins. Despite promising results from animal models, the lack of data in human beings hampers efficacy assessments of GFs on stroke outcome. We provide a comprehensive and critical view of the present knowledge about GFs and stroke, and an overview of ongoing and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lanfranconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Istituto E. Medea, Fondazione La Nostra FamigliaBosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - S Corti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - L Candelise
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - G P Comi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - P L Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - S Strazzer
- Istituto E. Medea, Fondazione La Nostra FamigliaBosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - N Bresolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
- Istituto E. Medea, Fondazione La Nostra FamigliaBosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - A Bersano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
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Egea L, Hirata Y, Kagnoff MF. GM-CSF: a role in immune and inflammatory reactions in the intestine. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4:723-31. [PMID: 21108592 PMCID: PMC3291482 DOI: 10.1586/egh.10.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that promotes myeloid cell development and maturation, and dendritic cell differentiation and survival in vitro. Growing evidence supports the notion that GM-CSF has a major role in some inflammatory and autoimmune reactions and in the host's response to pulmonary infection, but few studies have addressed its functions and importance in the GI tract. Recent studies demonstrated that administration of GM-CSF can result in clinical improvement in patients with Crohn's disease. Mice deficient in GM-CSF (GM-CSF(-/-) ) developed more severe intestinal and systemic infection after an enteric infection, and more severe colitis in response to enteric exposure to dextran sodium sulfate. Both the severity of infection and colitis were largely prevented by GM-CSF administration. Such studies indicate that GM-CSF has an important role in the regulation of intestinal immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Egea
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA
| | - Martin F Kagnoff
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA,Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 858 534 4622, Fax: +1 858 534 5691,
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Lin TH, Hegen M, Quadros E, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Appell KC, Cole AG, Shao Y, Tam S, Ohlmeyer M, Wang B, Goodwin DG, Kimble EF, Quintero J, Gao M, Symanowicz P, Wrocklage C, Lussier J, Schelling SH, Hewet AG, Xuan D, Krykbaev R, Togias J, Xu X, Harrison R, Mansour T, Collins M, Clark JD, Webb ML, Seidl KJ. Selective functional inhibition of JAK-3 is sufficient for efficacy in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2283-93. [PMID: 20506481 DOI: 10.1002/art.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE All gamma-chain cytokines signal through JAK-3 and JAK-1 acting in tandem. We undertook this study to determine whether the JAK-3 selective inhibitor WYE-151650 would be sufficient to disrupt cytokine signaling and to ameliorate autoimmune disease pathology without inhibiting other pathways mediated by JAK-1, JAK-2, and Tyk-2. METHODS JAK-3 kinase selective compounds were characterized by kinase assay and JAK-3-dependent (interleukin-2 [IL-2]) and -independent (IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) cell-based assays measuring proliferation or STAT phosphorylation. In vivo, off-target signaling was measured by IL-22- and erythropoietin (EPO)-mediated models, while on-target signaling was measured by IL-2-mediated signaling. Efficacy of JAK-3 inhibitors was determined using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models in mice. RESULTS In vitro, WYE-151650 potently suppressed IL-2-induced STAT-5 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, while exhibiting 10-29-fold less activity against JAK-3-independent IL-6- or GM-CSF-induced STAT phosphorylation. Ex vivo, WYE-151650 suppressed IL-2-induced STAT phosphorylation, but not IL-6-induced STAT phosphorylation, as measured in whole blood. In vivo, WYE-151650 inhibited JAK-3-mediated IL-2-induced interferon-gamma production and decreased the natural killer cell population in mice, while not affecting IL-22-induced serum amyloid A production or EPO-induced reticulocytosis. WYE-151650 was efficacious in mouse DTH and CIA models. CONCLUSION In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays demonstrate that WYE-151650 is efficacious in mouse CIA despite JAK-3 selectivity. These data question the need to broadly inhibit JAK-1-, JAK-2-, or Tyk-2-dependent cytokine pathways for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung H Lin
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
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Mirza S, Chen J, Murphy JM, Young IG. The role of interchain heterodisulfide formation in activation of the human common beta and mouse betaIL-3 receptors. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24759-68. [PMID: 20516062 PMCID: PMC2915712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.097881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokines, interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), exhibit overlapping activities in the regulation of hematopoietic cells. In humans, the common beta (betac) receptor is shared by the three cytokines and functions together with cytokine-specific alpha subunits in signaling. A widely accepted hypothesis is that receptor activation requires heterodisulfide formation between the domain 1 D-E loop disulfide in human betac (hbetac) and unidentified cysteine residues in the N-terminal domains of the alpha receptors. Since the development of this hypothesis, new data have been obtained showing that domain 1 of hbetac is part of the cytokine binding epitope of this receptor and that an IL-3Ralpha isoform lacking the N-terminal Ig-like domain (the "SP2" isoform) is competent for signaling. We therefore investigated whether distortion of the domain 1-domain 4 ligand-binding epitope in hbetac and the related mouse receptor, beta(IL-3), could account for the loss of receptor signaling when the domain 1 D-E loop disulfide is disrupted. Indeed, mutation of the disulfide in hbetac led to both a complete loss of high affinity binding with the human IL-3Ralpha SP2 isoform and of downstream signaling. Mutation of the orthologous residues in the mouse IL-3-specific receptor, beta(IL-3), not only precluded direct binding of mouse IL-3 but also resulted in complete loss of high affinity binding and signaling with the mouse IL-3Ralpha SP2 isoform. Our data are most consistent with a role for the domain 1 D-E loop disulfide of hbetac and beta(IL-3) in maintaining the precise positions of ligand-binding residues necessary for normal high affinity binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaruh Mirza
- From the Department of Structural Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia and
| | - Jinglong Chen
- From the Department of Structural Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia and
| | - James M. Murphy
- the Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Ian G. Young
- From the Department of Structural Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia and
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Gupta N, Barhanpurkar AP, Tomar GB, Srivastava RK, Kour S, Pote ST, Mishra GC, Wani MR. IL-3 inhibits human osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through downregulation of c-Fms and diverts the cells to dendritic cell lineage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:2261-72. [PMID: 20644169 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-3 is an important cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis and functions as a link between the immune and the hematopoietic system. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of IL-3 action on human osteoclast formation and bone resorption using PBMCs. PBMCs differentiate into functional osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as evaluated by 23c6 expression and bone resorption. We found that IL-3 dose-dependently inhibited formation of 23c6-positive osteoclasts, bone resorption and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, a collagen degradation product. The inhibitory effect of IL-3 on bone resorption was irreversible. To investigate the mechanism of IL-3 action, we analyzed the effect of IL-3 on the receptor activator of NF-kappaB and c-Fms receptors and c-Fos, PU.1, NFAT cytoplasmic 1, and RelB transcription factors essential for osteoclastogenesis. IL-3 significantly inhibited c-Fms and downregulated both PU.1 and c-Fos at both mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, IL-3-treated cells showed increased expression of dendritic cell markers CD1a and CD80 and decreased expression of monocyte/macrophage marker CD14. Interestingly, IL-3 inhibited formation of human osteoclasts derived from blood monocytes and bone marrow cells of osteoporotic individuals. Thus, IL-3 may have therapeutic potential as an antiosteolytic agent in treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navita Gupta
- National Center for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune, India
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