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Jiang Z, Tian J, Bai X, McClements DJ, Ma C, Liu X, Liu F. Improving probiotic survival using water-in-oil-in-water (W 1/O/W 2) emulsions: Role of fish oil in inner phase and sodium alginate in outer phase. Food Chem 2023; 417:135889. [PMID: 36933430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous probiotic suspensions were dispersed in an oil phase consisting of fish oil and medium chain triglycerides to form W1/O emulsions. These emulsions were then homogenized with an aqueous solution containing soybean protein isolate and sodium alginate to form W1/O/W2 emulsions. Fish oil was used to promote the growth of the probiotics and increase their ability to adhere to the intestinal mucosa. Sodium alginate increased the viscosity, stability, and probiotic encapsulation efficiency of the double emulsions, which was mainly attributed to its interactions with adsorbed soy proteins. The encapsulation efficiency of the probiotics in the double emulsions was relatively high (>96%). In vitro simulated digestion experiments showed that the double emulsions significantly increased the number of viable probiotics remaining after passing through the entire gastrointestinal tract. This study suggests that encapsulation of probiotics in double emulsions may increase their viability under gastrointestinal conditions, thereby enhancing their efficacy in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junqing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | - Cuicui Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Al-Moghazy M, El-Sayed HS, Abo-Elwafa GA. Co-encapsulation of probiotic bacteria, fish oil and pomegranate peel extract for enhanced white soft cheese. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Houttu N, Mokkala K, Saleem WT, Virtanen S, Juhila J, Koivuniemi E, Pellonperä O, Tertti K, Luokola P, Sorsa T, Salonen A, Lahti L, Laitinen K. Potential pathobionts in vaginal microbiota are affected by fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in overweight and obese pregnant women. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112841. [PMID: 35344737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New means to stabilize the microbial balance during pregnancy could benefit maternal health. Our objectives were to investigate in overweight/obese pregnant women 1) the impact of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) and/or probiotics on the vaginal microbiota, 2) its relation to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 3) its interaction with vaginal active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1), IGFBP-1 and aMMP-8. The women were allocated to fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics and placebo + placebo-groups, from early pregnancy onwards (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid; probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (formerly Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). Vaginal and serum samples (early pregnancy, n = 112; late pregnancy, n = 116), were analyzed for vaginal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and vaginal aMMP-8 and serum hsCRP, aMMP-8, phIGFBP-1 and IGFBP-1 by immunoassays. GDM was diagnosed from a 2-h 75 g OGTT. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01922791. The intervention exerted effects on many low-abundant bacteria. Compared to the placebo-group, there was a lower abundance of potential pathobionts, namely Ureaplasma urealyticum in the fish oil-group, Ureaplasma, U. urealyticum and Prevotella disiens in the probiotics-group, Dialister invisus and Prevotella timonensis in the fish oil + probiotics-group. Moreover, probiotics decreased the abundance of a few potential pathobionts during pregnancy. Many bacteria were related to GDM. The vaginal aMMP-8 level correlated significantly with α-diversity and inversely with two Lactobacillus species. Dietary interventions, especially probiotics, may have beneficial effects on the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kati Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wisam Tariq Saleem
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Virtanen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ella Koivuniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Pellonperä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tertti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Huang RM, Feng K, Li SF, Zong MH, Wu H, Han SY. Enhanced survival of probiotics in the electrosprayed microcapsule by addition of fish oil. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Doğan B, Kemer Doğan ES, Özmen Ö, Fentoğlu Ö, Kırzıoğlu FY, Calapoğlu M. Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 and Probiotic Supplementation on Preventing Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:114-120. [PMID: 34037942 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 and probiotics were shown to improve periodontal health by modulating the host immune response. Recently, the combination of omega-3 and probiotics has been shown to have a potential synergistic effect on host modulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic role of an omega-3 and probiotic combination on alveolar bone loss (ABL) via inflammatory response in an experimental periodontitis model. Forty-three rats were divided into 5 groups as control (C, n = 8), periodontitis (P, n = 8), omega-3 + periodontitis (O, n = 8), probiotic + periodontitis (Pro, n = 10), and omega-3 + probiotic + periodontitis (OPro, n = 9). Additionally to a standardized diet, omega-3 and/or probiotics were supplemented with oral gavage to the O, Pro, and OPro groups for 44 days. Periodontitis was induced by ligature to the P, O, Pro, and OPro groups on the 30th day for 2 weeks. ABL levels were measured histopathologically, and serum interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL10 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ABL increased in all periodontitis groups (P, O, Pro, and OPro), compared to C group. Compared to P group, all oral gavage groups (O, Pro, and OPro) revealed decreased ABL, which was lowest in OPro group. IL1β and IL6 decreased and IL10 increased in OPro group, compared to P group. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of omega-3 and probiotic combination reduced ABL and improved serum IL1β, IL6, and IL10 levels more than their single use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Calapoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Bakhshimoghaddam F, Alizadeh M. Contribution of gut microbiota to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathways of mechanisms. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:61-68. [PMID: 34330514 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common, multifactorial liver disease with rapidly increasing prevalence. During the past decade, several lines of evidence have suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis represents a major factor contributing to NAFLD occurrence and its progression. METHOD We have performed a review of the published data on the relationship between gut microbiota and risk factors for NAFLD and the role that gut-liver axis plays in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. RESULTS Accumulated evidence has indicated that dysfunction of the gut-liver axis, including increased intestinal permeability, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, microbiota-derived mediators, and intestinal dysbiosis contribute to the progression and development of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review suggest that lifestyle modification and manipulation of gut microbiota can be considered as a therapeutic target for NAFLD management. However, important documents supporting the role of gut microbiota in NAFLD come from animal studies; therefore, information from studies on humans could lead to novel therapeutics for this highly common disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Das UN. "Cell Membrane Theory of Senescence" and the Role of Bioactive Lipids in Aging, and Aging Associated Diseases and Their Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020241. [PMID: 33567774 PMCID: PMC7914625 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an essential constituent of the cell membrane of which polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the most important component. Activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) induces the release of PUFAs from the cell membrane that form precursors to both pro- and ant-inflammatory bioactive lipids that participate in several cellular processes. PUFAs GLA (gamma-linolenic acid), DGLA (dihomo-GLA), AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are derived from dietary linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) by the action of desaturases whose activity declines with age. Consequently, aged cells are deficient in GLA, DGLA, AA, AA, EPA and DHA and their metabolites. LA, ALA, AA, EPA and DHA can also be obtained direct from diet and their deficiency (fatty acids) may indicate malnutrition and deficiency of several minerals, trace elements and vitamins some of which are also much needed co-factors for the normal activity of desaturases. In many instances (patients) the plasma and tissue levels of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA are low (as seen in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus) but they do not have deficiency of other nutrients. Hence, it is reasonable to consider that the deficiency of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA noted in these conditions are due to the decreased activity of desaturases and elongases. PUFAs stimulate SIRT1 through protein kinase A-dependent activation of SIRT1-PGC1α complex and thus, increase rates of fatty acid oxidation and prevent lipid dysregulation associated with aging. SIRT1 activation prevents aging. Of all the SIRTs, SIRT6 is critical for intermediary metabolism and genomic stability. SIRT6-deficient mice show shortened lifespan, defects in DNA repair and have a high incidence of cancer due to oncogene activation. SIRT6 overexpression lowers LDL and triglyceride level, improves glucose tolerance, and increases lifespan of mice in addition to its anti-inflammatory effects at the transcriptional level. PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory metabolites influence the activity of SIRT6 and other SIRTs and thus, bring about their actions on metabolism, inflammation, and genome maintenance. GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), lipoxin A4 (LXA4) (pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites of AA respectively) activate/suppress various SIRTs (SIRt1 SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6), PPAR-γ, PARP, p53, SREBP1, intracellular cAMP content, PKA activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α). This implies that changes in the metabolism of bioactive lipids as a result of altered activities of desaturases, COX-2 and 5-, 12-, 15-LOX (cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenases respectively) may have a critical role in determining cell age and development of several aging associated diseases and genomic stability and gene and oncogene activation. Thus, methods designed to maintain homeostasis of bioactive lipids (GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA, DHA, PGE2, LXA4) may arrest aging process and associated metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA; ; Tel.: +508-904-5376
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530048, India
- International Research Centre, Biotechnologies of the third Millennium, ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Vaziri AS, Alemzadeh I, Vossoughi M, Khorasani AC. Co-microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum and DHA fatty acid in alginate-pectin-gelatin biocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:266-275. [PMID: 30143129 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the co-microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum and DHA-rich oil in a novel gastrointestinal-resistant biocomposite composed of alginate, pectin and gelatin. The optimal biocomposite consisted of 1.06% alginate, 0.55% pectin and 0.39% gelatin showed 88.66% survivability of the microencapsulated cells compared to the free cells (50.36%). In addition, co-microencapsule containing probiotic and DHA fatty acid was synthesized and physicochemically analyzed using SEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD. The results from SEM clearly confirmed that cells were completely entrapped in the matrix and DHA increased smoothness and compactness of the surface of the particles. FTIR spectra revealed the formation of hydrogen and Van der Waals bonds between macromolecules and the core materials. X-ray pattern of co-microencapsules identified amorphous structure compared to capsules containing only DHA or probiotic. TGA analysis revealed the thermal stability of DHA-loaded capsules compared to un-loaded ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadat Vaziri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iran Alemzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Chackoshian Khorasani
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran.
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Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Boyko N, Tsyryuk O, Beregova T, Ostapchenko L. Probiotics and nutraceuticals as a new frontier in obesity prevention and management. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 141:190-199. [PMID: 29772287 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The beneficial interaction between the microbiota and humans is how bacteria contained within the gut 'talk' to the immune system and in this landscape, probiotics and nutraceuticals play a major role. The study aims to determine whether probiotics plus nutraceuticals such as smectite or omega-3 are superior to probiotic alone on the monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obesity model in rats. METHODS Totally, 75 rats divided into five groups were included (n = 15, in each). Rats in group I were intact. Newborn rats in groups II-V were injected with MSG. Group III (Symbiter) received 2.5 ml/kg of multiprobiotic "Symbiter" containing concentrated biomass of 14 probiotic bacteria genera. Groups IV (Symbiter-Omega) and V (Symbiter-Smectite) received a combination of probiotic biomass supplemented with flax and wheat germ oil (250 mg of each, concentration of omega-3 fatty acids 1-5%) or smectite gel (250 mg), respectively. RESULTS In all interventional groups, significant reductions of total body and visceral adipose tissue weight as compared to MSG-obesity were observed. However, the lowest prevalence of obesity was noted for Symbiter-Omega (20% vs 33.3% as compared to other interventional groups). Moreover, supplementation of probiotics with omega-3 lead to a more pronounced decrease in HOMA-IR (2.31 ± 0.13 vs 4.02 ± 0.33, p < 0.001) and elevation of adiponectin levels (5.67 ± 0.39 vs 2.61 ± 0.27, P < 0.001), compared to the obesity group. CONCLUSION Probiotics and nutraceuticals led to a significantly lower prevalence of obesity, reduction of insulin resistance, total and VAT weight. Our study demonstrated that supplementation of probiotics with omega-3 may have the most beneficial antiobesity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kobyliak
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - T Falalyeyeva
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N Boyko
- Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - O Tsyryuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T Beregova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - L Ostapchenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Das UN. Arachidonic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids and some of their metabolites function as endogenous antimicrobial molecules: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:57-66. [PMID: 30034876 PMCID: PMC6052656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our body is endowed with several endogenous anti-microbial compounds such as interferon, cytokines, free radicals, etc. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that lipids could function as antimicrobial compounds. In this short review, the antimicrobial actions of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, mainly free acids) and their putative mechanisms of action are described. In general, PUFAs kill microbes by their direct action on microbial cell membranes, enhancing generation of free radicals, augmenting the formation of lipid peroxides that are cytotoxic, and by increasing the formation of their bioactive metabolites, such as prostaglandins, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins that enhance the phagocytic action of leukocytes and macrophages. Higher intakes of α-linolenic and cis-linoleic acids (ALA and LA respectively) and fish (a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) might reduce the risk pneumonia. Previously, it was suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic (GLA), dihomo-GLA (DGLA), arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) function as endogenous anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, and immunomodulating agents. A variety of bacteria are sensitive to the growth inhibitory actions of LA and ALA in vitro. Hydrolyzed linseed oil can kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Both LA and AA have the ability to inactivate herpes, influenza, Sendai, and Sindbis virus within minutes of contact. AA, EPA, and DHA induce death of Plasmodium falciparum both in vitro and in vivo. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostaglandin A (PGA), derived from DGLA, AA, and EPA inhibit viral replication and show anti-viral activity. Oral mucosa, epidermal cells, lymphocytes and macrophages contain and release significant amounts of PUFAs on stimulation. PUFAs stimulate NADPH-dependent superoxide production by macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes to kill the invading microorganisms. Cytokines induce the release of PUFAs from cell membrane lipid pool, a potential mechanism for their antimicrobial action. AA, EPA, and DHA give rise to lipoxins (LXs), resolvins, protectins, and maresins that limit and resolve inflammation and have antimicrobial actions. Thus, PUFAs and their metabolites have broad antimicrobial actions.
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Golkhalkhali B, Rajandram R, Paliany AS, Ho GF, Wan Ishak WZ, Johari CS, Chin KF. Strain-specific probiotic (microbial cell preparation) and omega-3 fatty acid in modulating quality of life and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:179-191. [PMID: 28857425 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy usually have elevated levels of inflammatory markers and experience numerous side effects from chemotherapy thereby leading to poor quality of life. Omega-3 fatty acid and microbial cell preparation (MCP) have been known to provide significant benefits in patients on chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid and MCP in quality of life, chemotherapy side effects and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy. METHODS A double-blind randomized study was carried out with 140 colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy. Subjects were separated into two groups to receive either placebo or MCP [30 billion colony-forming unit (CFUs) per sachet] at a dose of two sachets daily for 4 weeks, and omega-3 fatty acid at a dose of 2 g daily for 8 weeks. Outcomes measured were quality of life, side effects of chemotherapy and levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein. RESULTS The supplementation with MCP and omega-3 fatty acid improved the overall quality of life and alleviated certain side effects of chemotherapy. The supplementation with MCP and omega-3 fatty acid also managed to reduce the level of IL-6 (P = 0.002). There was a significant rise in the placebo group's serum TNF-α (P = 0.048) and IL-6 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The combined supplementation with MCP and omega-3 fatty acid may improve quality of life, reduce certain inflammatory biomarkers and relieve certain side effects of chemotherapy in colorectal patients on chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Golkhalkhali
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Audra Shaleena Paliany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gwo Fuang Ho
- Faculty of Medicine Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zamaniah Wan Ishak
- Faculty of Medicine Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Che Shafini Johari
- Department of Dietetics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin Fah Chin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohan A, Quek SY, Gutierrez-Maddox N, Gao Y, Shu Q. Effect of honey in improving the gut microbial balance. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqs/fyx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Mohan A, Quek SY, Gutierrez-Maddox N, Gao Y, Shu Q. Effect of honey in improving the gut microbial balance. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Modulation of host defence against bacterial and viral infections by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Infect 2016; 73:523-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yilmaz-Ersan L, Ozcan T, Akpinar-Bayizit A, Turan MA, Taskin MB. Probiotic Cream: Viability of Probiotic Bacteria and Chemical Characterization. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiye Yilmaz-Ersan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Tulay Ozcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Arzu Akpinar-Bayizit
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Murat Ali Turan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burak Taskin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
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Sopková D, Hertelyová Z, Andrejčáková Z, Vlčková R, Gancarčíková S, Petrilla V, Ondrašovičová S, Krešáková L. The application of probiotics and flaxseed promotes metabolism of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1124333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drahomíra Sopková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Hertelyová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Andrejčáková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslava Vlčková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Institute of Gnotobiology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimír Petrilla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Ondrašovičová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Krešáková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Eratte D, McKnight S, Gengenbach TR, Dowling K, Barrow CJ, Adhikari BP. Co-encapsulation and characterisation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria in whey protein isolate–gum Arabic complex coacervates. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Quality parameters of probiotic yogurt added to glucose oxidase compared to commercial products through microbiological, physical–chemical and metabolic activity analyses. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Štofilová J, Szabadosová V, Hrčková G, Salaj R, Bertková I, Hijová E, Strojný L, Bomba A. Co-administration of a probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 CCM7766 with prebiotic inulin alleviates the intestinal inflammation in rats exposed to N,N-dimethylhydrazine. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 24:361-368. [PMID: 25536541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of preventive administration of a probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 CCM7766 alone or in combination with prebiotic inulin or with flax-seed oil in the gut of rats, which developed chronic inflammation following administration of the pro-carcinogen N,N-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). After 28weeks administration of probiotic/prebiotic-containing diet, rats were killed and their colons were examined by immunohistological criteria, whereas cytokines were determined in the jejunal mucosa. Application of DMH triggered the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS and caused depletion of goblet cells. Supplementing the diet with L. plantarum and its combination with the prebiotic abolished DMH-induced inflammatory process in the jejunal mucosa by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by stimulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine synthesis, whereas concentration of TGF-β1 was not influenced significantly. Diet prevented a decrease in goblet cell numbers but numbers of mast cells were lowered only moderately. However, combined treatment of rats with L. plantarum and flax-seed oil had no significant effect on the parameters examined, except for decreased expression of NF-κB, in comparison with the negative control. Results indicate that the preventive administration of probiotic L. plantarum LS/07 CCM7766 alone or in combination with prebiotic inulin to rats with DMH-induced chronic inflammation can reduce inflammatory process in the jejunal and colon mucosa, probably indirectly, and involves down-regulation of synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of NF-κB activity in mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štofilová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viktória Szabadosová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Salaj
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Izabela Bertková
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Emília Hijová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Strojný
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alojz Bomba
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Jedidi H, Champagne CP, Raymond Y, Farnworth E, Van Calsteren MR, Chouinard PY, Fliss I. Effect of milk enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and digested in a simulator (TIM-1) on the viability of probiotic bacteria. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith SC, Chalker A, Dewar ML, Arnould JPY. Age-related differences revealed in Australian fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:246-55. [PMID: 23746080 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) was examined at different age classes using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The FISH results indicated that in the fur seal groups, the predominant phyla are Firmicutes (22.14-67.33%) followed by Bacteroidetes (3.11-15.45%) and then Actinobacteria (1.4-5.9%) consistent with other mammals. Phylum Proteobacteria had an initial abundance of 1.8% in the 2-month-old pups, but < 1% of bacterial numbers for the other fur seal age groups. Significant differences did occur in the abundance of Clostridia, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria between 2 months pups and 9 months pups and adult fur seals. Results from the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing supported the FISH data and identified significant differences in the composition of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria at all ages. Class Clostridia in phylum Firmicutes dominates the microbiota of the 2 months and 9 months seal pups, whilst class Bacilli dominates the 6 months pups. In addition, a high level of dissimilarity was observed between all age classes. This study provides novel insight into the gut microbiota of Australian fur seals at different age classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C Smith
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia; Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia
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Nemcová R, Borovská D, Koščová J, Gancarčíková S, Mudroňová D, Buleca V, Pistl J. The effect of supplementation of flax-seed oil on interaction of Lactobacillus plantarum – Biocenol™ LP96 and Escherichia coli O8:K88ab:H9 in the gut of germ-free piglets. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:39-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fibers from fruit by-products enhance probiotic viability and fatty acid profile and increase CLA content in yoghurts. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 154:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The role of probiotics and natural bioactive compounds in modulation of the common molecular pathways in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cancer. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lepage P, Van de Perre P. The Immune System of Breast Milk: Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Properties. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 743:121-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xue H, Sawyer MB, Wischmeyer PE, Baracos VE. Nutrition modulation of gastrointestinal toxicity related to cancer chemotherapy: from preclinical findings to clinical strategy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:74-90. [PMID: 21224434 DOI: 10.1177/0148607110377338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity is a major dose-limiting toxicity for many anticancer drugs. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications compromise the efficacy of chemotherapy, promote overall malnutrition, aggravate cancer cachexia, and may contribute to worsened prognosis. The GI tract is an attractive target for nutrition modulation, owing to its direct exposure to the diet, participation in uptake and metabolism of nutrients, high rate of cell turnover, and plasticity to nutrition stimuli. Glutamine, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics/prebiotics are therapeutic factors that potentially modulate GI toxicity related to cancer treatments. Preclinical and clinical evidence are reviewed to critically define plausible benefits of these factors and their potential development into adjuncts to cancer chemotherapy. Mechanisms underlying the action of these nutrients are being unraveled in the laboratory. Optimal strategies to translate these findings into clinical care still remain to be elucidated. Key questions that remain to be answered include the following: which nutrient or combination of nutrients is selected for which patient and chemotherapy regimen? What mechanisms are responsible for modulation, and how are nutrient(s) administered in a clinically optimal manner? Research exploring interactions between different nutrients in GI protection is ongoing and demands further understanding. How nutrition preparations given to chemotherapy-treated patients are formulated in terms of component selection and dose optimization should be carefully studied and justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xue
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Das UN. A defect in Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases may be a factor in the initiation and progression of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in South Asians. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:130. [PMID: 21062475 PMCID: PMC2987992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in South Asians remains unexplained. I propose that a defect in the activity of Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases and consequent low plasma and tissue concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and formation of their anti-inflammatory products prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostacyclin (PGI2), PGI3, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids could be responsible for the high incidence of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in South Asians. This proposal is supported by the observation that South Asian Indians have lower plasma and tissue concentrations of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA, the precursors of PGE1, PGI2, PGI3, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and nitrolipids, the endogenous molecules that prevent platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, leukocyte activation and possess anti-inflammatory action and thus, are capable of preventing the development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and premature ischemic heart disease. Genetic predisposition, high carbohydrate intake, lack of exercise, tobacco use and low birth weight due to maternal malnutrition suppress the activity of Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases that leads to low plasma and tissue concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their products. This implies that adequate provision of polyunsaturated fatty acids and co-factors needed for their metabolism, and efforts to enhance the formation of their beneficial metabolites PGE1, PGI2, PGI3, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids could form a novel approach in the prevention and management of these diseases in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 13800 Fairhill Road, #321, Shaker Heights, OH 44120, USA.
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Knoch B, Nones K, Barnett MPG, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Diversity of caecal bacteria is altered in interleukin-10 gene-deficient mice before and after colitis onset and when fed polyunsaturated fatty acids. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:3306-3316. [PMID: 20798165 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.041723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 gene-deficient (Il10(-/-)) mice show a hyper-reaction to normal intestinal bacteria and develop spontaneous colitis similar to that of human Crohn's disease when raised under conventional (but not germ-free) conditions. The lack of IL10 protein in these mice leads to changes in intestinal metabolic and signalling processes. The first aim of this study was to identify changes in the bacterial community of the caeca at 7 weeks of age (preclinical colitis) and at 12 weeks of age (when clinical signs of colitis are present), and establish if there were any changes that could be associated with the mouse genotype. We have previously shown that dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects and affect colonic gene expression profiles in Il10(-/-) mice; therefore, we also aimed to test the effect of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) on the bacterial community of caeca in both Il10(-/-) and C57 mice fed these diets. The lower number of caecal bacteria observed before colitis (7 weeks of age) in Il10(-/-) compared to C57 mice suggests differences in the intestinal bacteria that might be associated with the genotype, and this could contribute to the development of colitis in this mouse model. The number and diversity of caecal bacteria increased after the onset of colitis (12 weeks of age). The increase in caecal Escherichia coli numbers in both inflamed Il10(-/-) and healthy C57 mice might be attributed to the dietary PUFA (especially dietary AA), and thus not be a cause of colitis development. A possible protective effect of E. coli mediated by PUFA supplementation and associated changes in the bacterial environment could be a subject for further investigation to define the mode of action of PUFA in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Knoch
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition Genomics Team, Agri-Foods & Health Section, Food & Textiles Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Katia Nones
- Plant & Food Research, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P G Barnett
- Food Nutrition Genomics Team, Agri-Foods & Health Section, Food & Textiles Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,Food & Textiles Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition Genomics Team, Agri-Foods & Health Section, Food & Textiles Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Hol J, de Jongste JC, Nieuwenhuis EE. Quoting a landmark paper on the beneficial effects of probiotics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 124:1354-6.e9. [PMID: 19818483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Pavlovski CJ. Screening for essential fatty acid deficiency in at risk infants. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:910-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Safety of supplementing infant formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and Bifidobacterium lactis in term infants: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2009; 101:1706-13. [PMID: 19134240 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508084080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics and long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) may be beneficial supplements for infants who are not breast-fed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the safety of an infant formula containing the LC-PUFA DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) and the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis by comparing the growth rate of infants fed the supplemented and unsupplemented formulas. One hundred and forty-two healthy, term infants were enrolled in a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group trial, and allocated to receive either standard or probiotic and LC-PUFA-containing experimental formulas. The infants were fed with their assigned formulas for 7 months. The primary outcome (weight gain) and the secondary outcomes (length, head circumference and formula tolerance) were measured throughout the study. LC-PUFA status was assessed at 4 months of age and immune response to childhood vaccines was measured at 7 months of age. There was no significant difference in growth between the two groups. The 90 % CI for the difference in mean weight gain was - 0.08, 3.1 g in the intention-to-treat population and 0.1-3.8 g in the per protocol population, which lay within the predefined boundaries of equivalence, - 3.9-3.9. There were no significant differences in mean length and head circumference. DHA and AA concentrations were higher in infants in the experimental formula group compared with the control formula group. No influence of the supplements on the response to vaccines was observed. Growth characteristics of term infants fed the starter formula containing a probiotic and LC-PUFA were similar to standard formula-fed infants.
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Abstract
Maternal asthma significantly increases the risk of asthma in offspring, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. We review animal models used to study the maternal effect, focusing on a murine model developed in our laboratory. Mother mice rendered allergic to ovalbumin produce offspring that are more susceptible to allergic sensitization, seen as airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway inflammation after a sensitization protocol, which has minimal effects on newborns from normal mothers. Mechanistic analyses identify a role for interleukin-4 (based on pre-mating injection of neutralizing antibodies), dendritic cells and allergen-specific T cells (based on adoptive transfer experiments). Other maternal exposures (e.g. pollutant exposure and non-pulmonary allergy) can increase asthma susceptibility in offspring. This observation implies that the maternal transmission of asthma represents a final common pathway to various types of inflammatory stimuli. Identification of the shared molecular mechanisms in these models may allow better prevention and therapy. Current knowledge, gaps in knowledge and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Moses AO, Emmanuel OO, Ganiyu AO, Fidelis AA, Dickson AO. ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN NIGERIA. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2008. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Martin FPJ, Wang Y, Sprenger N, Yap IKS, Lundstedt T, Lek P, Rezzi S, Ramadan Z, van Bladeren P, Fay LB, Kochhar S, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Probiotic modulation of symbiotic gut microbial-host metabolic interactions in a humanized microbiome mouse model. Mol Syst Biol 2008; 4:157. [PMID: 18197175 PMCID: PMC2238715 DOI: 10.1038/msb4100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transgenomic metabolic effects of exposure to either Lactobacillus paracasei or Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics have been measured and mapped in humanized extended genome mice (germ-free mice colonized with human baby flora). Statistical analysis of the compartmental fluctuations in diverse metabolic compartments, including biofluids, tissue and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in relation to microbial population modulation generated a novel top-down systems biology view of the host response to probiotic intervention. Probiotic exposure exerted microbiome modification and resulted in altered hepatic lipid metabolism coupled with lowered plasma lipoprotein levels and apparent stimulated glycolysis. Probiotic treatments also altered a diverse range of pathways outcomes, including amino-acid metabolism, methylamines and SCFAs. The novel application of hierarchical-principal component analysis allowed visualization of multicompartmental transgenomic metabolic interactions that could also be resolved at the compartment and pathway level. These integrated system investigations demonstrate the potential of metabolic profiling as a top-down systems biology driver for investigating the mechanistic basis of probiotic action and the therapeutic surveillance of the gut microbial activity related to dietary supplementation of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan K S Yap
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Torbjörn Lundstedt
- AcurePharmaAB, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Lek
- AcurePharmaAB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - John C Lindon
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Hosea Blewett HJ, Cicalo MC, Holland CD, Field CJ. The immunological components of human milk. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2008; 54:45-80. [PMID: 18291304 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(07)00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast-feeding is generally accepted as the optimal method of feeding infants. However, we have yet to fully understand the complex mixture of bioactive compounds contained in human milk. Epidemiological studies have indicated that breast-feeding is associated with health benefits in the infant for many immune-related conditions. Breast milk contains various antimicrobial substances, factors that promote immune development, constituents that promote tolerance/priming of the infant immune system, as well as anti-inflammatory components. This chapter identifies and discusses the immunological compounds in human milk and the available evidence for their effect on the immune system of the infant. Current feeding regimens recommended for infants are based primarily on the current understanding of the nutritional requirements of the neonate, but perhaps will be modified to reflect the consequences on immune function both immediate and later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Hosea Blewett
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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MATSUMOTO J, ISHIKAWA S, DOI M, KISHIDA T, EBIHARA K. Protease-Resistant Fraction of Smoked, Dried Bonito Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:451-6. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the beneficial effects of various strains of probiotics in preventing and treating certain diseases. Currently, changed lifestyles as well as the increased use of antibiotics are significant factors challenging the preservation of a healthy intestinal microflora. The concept of probiotics is to restore and uphold a microflora advantageous for the human body. Probiotics are found in a number of fermented dairy products, infant formula, and dietary supplements. In the presence of prebiotics, which are nondigestible food ingredients favorable for probiotic growth, their survival in the intestine is ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse J Broekaert
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, 02129, USA
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German JB, Dillard CJ. Composition, structure and absorption of milk lipids: a source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive molecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 46:57-92. [PMID: 16403683 DOI: 10.1080/10408690590957098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Milkfat is a remarkable source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive lipids for mammals. The composition and content of lipids in milkfat vary widely among mammalian species. Milkfat is not only a source of bioactive lipid components, it also serves as an important delivery medium for nutrients, including the fat-soluble vitamins. Bioactive lipids in milk include triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phospholipids. Beneficial activities of milk lipids include anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppression properties. The major mammalian milk that is consumed by humans as a food commodity is that from bovine whose milkfat composition is distinct due to their diet and the presence of a rumen. As a result of these factors bovine milkfat is lower in polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher in saturated fatty acids than human milk, and the consequences of these differences are still being researched. The physical properties of bovine milkfat that result from its composition including its plasticity, make it a highly desirable commodity (butter) and food ingredient. Among the 12 major milk fatty acids, only three (lauric, myristic, and palmitic) have been associated with raising total cholesterol levels in plasma, but their individual effects are variable-both towards raising low-density lipoproteins and raising the level of beneficial high-density lipoproteins. The cholesterol-modifying response of individuals to consuming saturated fats is also variable, and therefore the composition, functions and biological properties of milkfat will need to be re-evaluated as the food marketplace moves increasingly towards more personalized diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are dietary essentials, and are critical to brain development and function. Increasing evidence suggests that a relative lack of omega-3 may contribute to many psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review focuses on the possible role of omega-3 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related childhood developmental disorders, evaluating the existing evidence from both research and clinical perspectives. Theory and experimental evidence support a role for omega-3 in ADHD, dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and autism. Results from controlled treatment trials are mixed, but the few studies in this area have involved different populations and treatment formulations. Dietary supplementation with fish oils (providing EPA and DHA) appears to alleviate ADHD-related symptoms in at least some children, and one study of DCD children also found benefits for academic achievement. Larger trials are now needed to confirm these findings, and to establish the specificity and durability of any treatment effects as well as optimal formulations and dosages. Omega-3 is not supported by current evidence as a primary treatment for ADHD or related conditions, but further research in this area is clearly warranted. Given their relative safety and general health benefits, omega-3 fatty acids offer a promising complementary approach to standard treatments.
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Leme AS, Hubeau C, Xiang Y, Goldman A, Hamada K, Suzaki Y, Kobzik L. Role of breast milk in a mouse model of maternal transmission of asthma susceptibility. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:762-9. [PMID: 16393959 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data suggest a link between nursing by asthmatic mothers and increased risk of allergy in babies. We sought to experimentally test the potential contribution of breast milk mediator(s) in a mouse model of maternal transmission of asthma risk by evaluating the effect of adoptive nursing on asthma susceptibility in the offspring. We measured airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation (AI) after an intentionally suboptimal OVA Ag sensitization, tested the allergen independence of the maternal effect by using a second allergen, casein, for sensitization of the baby mice, and tested the potential role of cytokines by measuring their levels in breast milk. Offspring of asthmatic, but not normal, mothers showed AHR and AI, indicating a maternal transfer of asthma risk. After adoptive nursing, both groups (litters born to asthmatic mothers and nursed by normal mothers, and normal babies nursed by asthmatic mothers) showed AHR (enhanced pause after methacholine aerosol, 50 mg/ml, 3.7 +/- 0.7, 4.2 +/- 0.5, respectively, vs 1.1 +/- 0.1 normal controls, n = 25, p < 0.01) and AI, seen as eosinophilia on histology and bronchoalveolar lavage (40.7 +/- 4.5%, 28.7 +/- 3.7%, vs 1.0 +/- 0.5% normals, n = 25, p < 0.01) after OVA sensitization. Similar results using casein allergen were observed. Multiplex assays for cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-alpha, and IL-13) in breast milk were negative. Breast milk is sufficient, but not necessary, to mediate allergen-independent maternal transmission of asthma risk to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Leme
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Rees L. Immunity and the infant GI-tract. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2005.10873235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Dunstan JA, Roper J, Mitoulas L, Hartmann PE, Simmer K, Prescott SL. The effect of supplementation with fish oil during pregnancy on breast milk immunoglobulin A, soluble CD14, cytokine levels and fatty acid composition. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1237-42. [PMID: 15298564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk contains many immunomodulatory factors (soluble CD14 (sCD14), IgA and cytokines) with the potential to influence infant immune development. OBJECTIVE To determine if changes in breast milk omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) composition as a result of maternal dietary fish oil supplementation during pregnancy can modify levels of these immunological parameters in breast milk. METHOD In a randomized controlled trial, 83 atopic women received either 4 g fish oil capsules (containing 3.7 g n-3 PUFA) (n = 40) or 4 g olive oil capsules (n = 43) from 20 weeks gestation until delivery. Breast milk was collected 3 days post-partum and fatty acids were analysed by gas liquid chromatography and IgA, sCD14 and cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) were quantitated by ELISA or time resolved fluorescence (TRF). RESULTS Omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in breast milk from women supplemented with fish oil (n = 33, DHA mean 1.15%, SD 0.47% and EPA mean 0.16%, SD 0.07%) than in samples from the control group (n = 40, DHA mean 0.50%, SD 0.17% and EPA mean 0.05%, SD 0.02%). Breast milk arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) levels were significantly lower (P = 0.045) in the fish oil group (mean 0.55%, SD 0.12%) compared with the control group (mean 0.61%, SD 0.14%). Breast milk IgA was positively correlated with DHA (P = 0.046) and 22:5n-3 (P = 0.003), but inversely correlated with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) (P=0.034). Levels of sCD14 were also positively correlated with 22:5n-3 (P=0.009). Cytokines involved in IgA synthesis (IL-10 and IL-6) were also significantly correlated with both IgA and n-3 PUFA levels, although there were no differences in the levels of breast milk IgA, sCD14 or cytokines between study groups. CONCLUSION Supplementation with fish oil during pregnancy significantly alters early post-partum breast milk fatty acid composition. omega-3 PUFA levels were positively associated with IgA and sCD14 levels, suggesting a relationship between fatty acid status and mucosal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Dunstan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Richardson AJ. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in childhood developmental and psychiatric disorders. Lipids 2004; 39:1215-22. [PMID: 15736918 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Both omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) are crucial to brain development and function, but omega-3 LC-PUFA in particular are often lacking in modern diets in developed countries. Increasing evidence, reviewed here, indicates that LC-PUFA deficiencies or imbalances are associated with childhood developmental and psychiatric disorders including ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and autistic spectrum disorders. These conditions show a high clinical overlap and run in the same families, as well as showing associations with various adult psychiatric disorders in which FA abnormalities are already implicated, such as depression, other mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Preliminary evidence from controlled trials also suggests that dietary supplementation with LC-PUFA might help in the management of these kinds of childhood behavioral and learning difficulties. Treatment with omega-3 FA appears most promising, but the few small studies published to date have involved different populations, study designs, treatments, and outcome measures. Large-scale studies are now needed to confirm the benefits reported. Further research is also required to assess the durability of such treatment effects, to determine optimal treatment compositions and dosages, and to develop reliable ways of identifying those individuals most likely to benefit from this kind of treatment. Childhood developmental and psychiatric disorders clearly reflect multifactorial influences, but the study of LC-PUFA and their metabolism could offer important new approaches to their early identification and management. Heterogeneity and comorbidity are such, however, that a focus on specific traits or symptoms may prove more fruitful than an exclusive reliance on current diagnostic categories.
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Misra A, Vikram NK. Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians: evidence and implications. Nutrition 2004; 20:482-91. [PMID: 15105039 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review describes prevalence, determinants, and possible pathophysiologic mechanisms and suggests management and research directions for insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) in Asian Indians. METHOD We reviewed the topic using the terms Asian Indians, Asians, South Asians, and Indians coupled with the terms insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, metabolic syndrome, and obesity from the databases Pubmed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA) and Current Contents (Institute for Scientific Information, Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and from non-indexed publications of the medical research and governmental institutions in India. RESULTS Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome that may underlie their greater than normal tendency to develop diabetes mellitus and early atherosclerosis. Important reasons could be their excess body fat and adverse body fat patterning including abdominal adiposity even when the body mass index is within the currently defined normal limits. Some of these features have been reported at birth and childhood. Whether Asian Indians also have tendency to develop insulin resistance de novo, independent of total or regional adiposity, needs further investigation. Underlying genetic tendency or early-life adverse events may contribute to such a phenotype, but lifestyle factors alone or modulated by inherited factors appear to play an important role because obesity and dyslipidemia become worse with urbanization and migration. Systemic stress may contribute to insulin resistance syndrome in the intra-country and inter-country migrant Asian Indians. CONCLUSIONS High prevalences of excess body fat, adverse body fat patterning, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance beginning at a young age have been consistently recorded in Asian Indians irrespective of their geographic locations. These data suggest that primary prevention strategies should be initiated early in this ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Misra
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Whilst breastfeeding has been considered to exert a preventative effect on the development of allergic disease, several recent publications have challenged this view, particularly with respect to the long-term outcomes for asthma. There are many other beneficial effects of breastfeeding apart from the possibility of allergy prevention. The suggestion that breastfeeding may increase the development of allergic disease raises concerns about the appropriate steps to take for primary prevention of allergy. It is concluded that breastfeeding can still be recommended for the beneficial effects in reducing atopic disease in childhood in addition to the other demonstrated benefits, and that there are unresolved questions concerning the few studies that suggest the possibility of increased allergic disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kemp
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
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