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Dib M, Lewine JD, Abbott CC, Deng ZD. Electroconvulsive Therapy Modulates Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials: A Pilot MEG Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.26.24306462. [PMID: 38903065 PMCID: PMC11188126 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.24306462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a critical intervention for treatment-resistant depression (MDD), yet its neurobiological underpinnings are not fully understood. This pilot study utilizes high-resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG) in nine depressed patients receiving right unilateral ECT, to investigate the changes in loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), a proposed biomarker of serotonergic activity, following ECT. We hypothesized that ECT would reduce the LDAEP slope, reflecting enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Contrary to this, our findings indicated a significant increase in LDAEP post-ECT ( t 8 = 3.17, p = .013). The increase in LDAEP was not associated with changes in depression severity or cognitive performance, as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). We discussed potential mechanisms for the observed increase, including ECT's impact on serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptor activity, neuroplasticity involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inflammation modulators such as TNF- alpha . Our results suggest a complex interaction between ECT and these neurobiological systems, rather than a direct reflection of serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Fitzgerald PJ. Affective disorders and the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential: Serotonin and beyond. Neurosci Lett 2024; 827:137734. [PMID: 38499279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Identifying additional noninvasive biomarkers for affective disorders, such as unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these prevalent and debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions. One such candidate biomarker is the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), an event-related potential that measures responsiveness of the auditory cortex to different intensities of sound. The LDAEP has been associated with MDD and BD, including therapeutic response to particular classes of antidepressant drugs, while also correlating with several other neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that increased values of the LDAEP indicate low central serotonergic neurotransmission, further implicating this EEG measure in depression. Here, we briefly review the literature on the LDAEP in affective disorders, including its association with serotonergic signaling, as well as with that of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine. We summarize key findings on the LDAEP and the genetics of these neurotransmitters, as well as prediction of response to particular classes of antidepressants in MDD, including SSRIs versus noradrenergic agents. The possible relationship between this EEG measure and suicidality is addressed. We also briefly analyze acute pharmacologic studies of serotonin and/or dopamine precursor depletion and the LDAEP. In conclusion, the existing literature suggests that serotonin and norepinephrine may modulate the LDAEP in an opposing manner, and that this event-related marker may be of use in predicting response to chronic treatment with particular pharmacologic agents in the context of affective disorders, such as MDD and BD, including in the presence of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Sklar AL, Ren X, Chlpka L, Curtis M, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Diminished Auditory Cortex Dynamic Range and its Clinical Correlates in First Episode Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:679-687. [PMID: 36749310 PMCID: PMC10154701 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS There is growing appreciation for the contribution of sensory disruptions to disease morbidity in psychosis. The present study examined auditory cortex (AC) dynamic range: the scaling of neurophysiological responses to stimulus intensity, among individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum illness (FESz) and its relationship to clinical outcomes at disease onset. STUDY DESIGN Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded from 35 FESz and 40 healthy controls (HC) during binaural presentation of tones at three intensities (75 dB, 80 dB, and 85 dB). MRIs were obtained to enhance cortical localization of MEG sensor-level activity. All participants completed the MATRICS cognitive battery (MCCB) and Global Functioning: Role and Social scales (GFR/GFS). Patients were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). STUDY RESULTS FESz exhibited reduced AC response relative to HC. Enhancement of AC activity to tones of increasing intensity was blunted in FESz relative to HC. Reduced dynamic range (85-75 dB AC response) was associated with lower GFS (r = .58) and GFR (r = .45) scores, worse MCCB performance (r = .45), and increased PANSS Negative symptom subscale scores (r = -.55) among FESz, relationships not observed with AC responses to individual tones. CONCLUSION Beyond an impaired AC response to pure tones, FESz exhibit reduced dynamic range relative to HC. This impairment was correlated with markers of disease morbidity including poorer community functioning as well as cognitive and negative symptoms. The relationship with impaired social functioning may reflect the role of AC dynamic range in decoding the emotional content of language and highlights its importance to future therapeutic sensory remediation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Lydia Chlpka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Emons B, Arning L, Makulla VE, Suchy MT, Tsikas D, Lücke T, Epplen JT, Juckel G, Roser P. Endocannabinergic modulation of central serotonergic activity in healthy human volunteers. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:11. [PMID: 36932421 PMCID: PMC10024405 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonergic and the endocannabinoid system are involved in the etiology of depression. Depressive patients exhibit low serotonergic activity and decreased level of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2AG). Since the cannabinoid (CB) 1 receptor is activated by endogenous ligands such as AEA and 2AG, whose concentration are controlled by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase, respectively, we investigated the effects on serotonergic utilization. In this study, we investigated the impact of the rs1049353 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene, which codes the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor, and the rs324420 SNP of the FAAH gene on the serotonergic and endocannabinoid system in 59 healthy volunteers. METHODS Serotonergic activity was measured by loudness dependence of auditory-evoked potentials (LDAEP). Plasma concentrations of AEA, 2AG and its inactive isomer 1AG were determined by mass spectrometry. Genotyping of two SNPs (rs1049353, rs344420) was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and differential enzymatic analysis with the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS Genotype distributions by serotonergic activity or endocannabinoid concentration showed no differences. However, after detailed consideration of the CNR1-A-allele-carriers, a reduced AEA (A-allele-carrier M = 0.66, SD = 0.24; GG genotype M = 0.72, SD = 0.24) and 2AG (A-allele-carriers M = 0.70, SD = 0.33; GG genotype M = 1.03, SD = 0.83) plasma concentration and an association between the serotonergic activity and the concentrations of AEA and 2AG has been observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that carriers of the CNR1-A allele may be more susceptible to developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Emons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera-Estelle Makulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrik Roser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany
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Coffman BA, Ren X, Longenecker J, Torrence N, Fishel V, Seebold D, Wang Y, Curtis M, Salisbury DF. Aberrant attentional modulation of the auditory steady state response (ASSR) is related to auditory hallucination severity in the first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:188-196. [PMID: 35490500 PMCID: PMC9703618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is reduced early in schizophrenia, with differences evident even at the first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis (FESz). Although robust, there is high variability in effect size across studies, possibly due to differences in experimental control of attention and heterogeneity of symptom profiles across studies, both of which may affect the ASSR. We investigated the relationships among ASSR deficits, attention-mediated sensory gain, and auditory hallucinations in 25 FESz (15 male; 23.3 ± 4.5 years) and 32 matched healthy comparison subjects (HC, 22 male; 24.7 ± 5.8 years). ASSR was measured to 40-Hz click trains at three intensities (75, 80, and 85 dB) while participants attended or ignored stimuli. ASSR evoked power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were measured using the Morlet wavelet transform. FESz did not show overall ASSR power reduction (p > 0.1), but power was significantly increased with attention in HC (p < 0.01), but not in FESz (p > 0.1). Likewise, FESz did not evince overall ASSR ITPC reduction (p > 0.1), and ITPC was significantly increased with attention in HC (p < 0.01), but not in FESz (p > 0.09). Attention-related change in ASSR correlated with auditory hallucination severity for power (r = -0.49, p < 0.05) and ITPC (r = -0.58, p < 0.01). FESz with auditory hallucinations may have pathologically increased basal excitability of auditory cortex and consequent reduced ability to further increase auditory cortex sensory gain with focused attention. These findings indicate hallucination-related pathophysiology early in schizophrenia and may guide novel intervention strategies aimed to modulate basal activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Julia Longenecker
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Torrence
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa Fishel
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Seebold
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiming Wang
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F. Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Forbes Ave, Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. (D.F. Salisbury)
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6
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Jang KI, Kim S, Lee C, Chae JH. Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and age in patients with schizophrenia and depression. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221109789. [PMID: 35808808 PMCID: PMC9274422 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although serotonergic dysfunction is significantly associated with major
depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), comparison of
serotonergic dysfunction in both diseases has received little attention.
Serotonin hypotheses have suggested diminished and elevated serotonin
activity in MDD and SCZ, respectively. However, the foundations underlying
these hypotheses are unclear regarding changes in serotonin
neurotransmission in the aging brain. The loudness dependence of auditory
evoked potentials (LDAEP) reflects serotonin neurotransmission. The present
study compared the LDAEP between patients with SCZ or MDD and healthy
controls (HCs). We further examined whether age was correlated with the
LDAEP and clinical symptoms. Methods This prospective clinical study included 105 patients with SCZ (n = 54) or
MDD (n = 51). Additionally, 35 HCs were recruited for this study. The LDAEP
was measured on the midline channels via 62 electroencephalography
channels. Results Patients with SCZ or MDD showed a significantly smaller mean LDAEP than those
in HCs. The LDAEP was positively correlated with age in patients with SCZ or
MDD. Conclusions Changes in central serotonergic activity could be indicated by evaluating the
LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD. Age-related reductions in serotonergic
activity may be screened using the LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Orepic P, Rognini G, Kannape OA, Faivre N, Blanke O. Sensorimotor conflicts induce somatic passivity and louden quiet voices in healthy listeners. Schizophr Res 2021; 231:170-177. [PMID: 33866262 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor conflicts are known to alter the perception of accompanying sensory signals, and deficits in sensory attenuation have been observed in schizophrenia. In the auditory domain, self-generated tones or voices (compared to tones or voices presented passively or with temporal delays) have been associated with changes in loudness perception and attenuated neural responses. It has been argued that for sensory signals to be attenuated, predicted and sensory consequences must have a consistent spatiotemporal relationship, between button presses and reafferent signals, via predictive sensory signaling, a process altered in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated auditory sensory attenuation for a series of morphed voices while healthy participants applied sensorimotor stimulations that had no spatiotemporal relationship to the voice stimuli and that have been shown to induce mild psychosis-like phenomena. In two independent groups of participants, we report a loudening of silent voices and found this effect only during maximal sensorimotor conflicts (versus several control conditions). Importantly, conflicting sensorimotor stimulation also induced a mild psychosis-like state in the form of somatic passivity and participants who experienced stronger passivity lacked the sensorimotor loudening effect. We argue that this conflict-related sensorimotor loudness amplification may represent a reduction of auditory self-attenuation that is lacking in participants experiencing a concomitant mild psychosis-like state. We interpret our results within the framework of the comparator model of sensorimotor control, and discuss the implications of our findings regarding passivity experiences and hallucinations in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavo Orepic
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Giulio Rognini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Oliver Alan Kannape
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Nathan Faivre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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De Keyser K, De Letter M, Santens P, Talsma D, Botteldooren D, Bockstael A. Neurophysiological investigation of auditory intensity dependence in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:345-356. [PMID: 33515333 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence for auditory dysfunctions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, a possible relationship has been suggested between altered auditory intensity processing and the hypophonic speech characteristics in PD. Nonetheless, further insight into the neurophysiological correlates of auditory intensity processing in patients with PD is needed primarily. In the present study, high-density EEG recordings were used to investigate intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials (IDAEPs) in 14 patients with PD and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy control participants (HCs). Patients with PD were evaluated in both the on- and off-medication states. HCs were also evaluated twice. Significantly increased IDAEP of the N1/P2 was demonstrated in patients with PD evaluated in the on-medication state compared to HCs. Distinctive results were found for the N1 and P2 component. Regarding the N1 component, no differences in latency or amplitude were shown between patients with PD and HCs regardless of the medication state. In contrast, increased P2 amplitude was demonstrated in patients with PD evaluated in the on-medication state compared to the off-medication state and HCs. In addition to a dopaminergic deficiency, deficits in serotonergic neurotransmission in PD were shown based on increased IDAEP. Due to specific alterations of the N1-P2 complex, the current results suggest deficiencies in early-attentive inhibitory processing of auditory input in PD. This interpretation is consistent with the involvement of the basal ganglia and the role of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in auditory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim De Keyser
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miet De Letter
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Durk Talsma
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Acoustics Research Group, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bockstael
- Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Acoustics Research Group, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Lombaert N, Hennes M, Gilissen S, Schevenels G, Aerts L, Vanlaer R, Geenen L, Van Eeckhaut A, Smolders I, Nys J, Arckens L. 5-HTR 2A and 5-HTR 3A but not 5-HTR 1A antagonism impairs the cross-modal reactivation of deprived visual cortex in adulthood. Mol Brain 2018; 11:65. [PMID: 30400993 PMCID: PMC6218970 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual cortical areas show enhanced tactile responses in blind individuals, resulting in improved behavioral performance. Induction of unilateral vision loss in adult mice, by monocular enucleation (ME), is a validated model for such cross-modal brain plasticity. A delayed whisker-driven take-over of the medial monocular zone of the visual cortex is preceded by so-called unimodal plasticity, involving the potentiation of the spared-eye inputs in the binocular cortical territory. Full reactivation of the sensory-deprived contralateral visual cortex is accomplished by 7 weeks post-injury. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate sensory information processing and integration, but its impact on cortical reorganization after sensory loss, remains largely unexplored. To address this issue, we assessed the involvement of 5-HT in ME-induced cross-modal plasticity and the 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) subtype used. We first focused on establishing the impact of ME on the total 5-HT concentration measured in the visual cortex and in the somatosensory barrel field. Next, the changes in expression as a function of post-ME recovery time of the monoamine transporter 2 (vMAT2), which loads 5-HT into presynaptic vesicles, and of the 5-HTR1A and 5-HTR3A were assessed, in order to link these temporal expression profiles to the different types of cortical plasticity induced by ME. In order to accurately pinpoint which 5-HTR exactly mediates ME-induced cross-modal plasticity, we pharmacologically antagonized the 5-HTR1A, 5-HTR2A and 5-HTR3A subtypes. This study reveals brain region-specific alterations in total 5-HT concentration, time-dependent modulations in vMAT2, 5-HTR1A and 5-HTR3A protein expression and 5-HTR antagonist-specific effects on the post-ME plasticity phenomena. Together, our results confirm a role for 5-HTR1A in the early phase of binocular visual cortex plasticity and suggest an involvement of 5-HTR2A and 5-HTR3A but not 5-HTR1A during the late cross-modal recruitment of the medial monocular visual cortex. These insights contribute to the general understanding of 5-HT function in cortical plasticity and may encourage the search for improved rehabilitation strategies to compensate for sensory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lombaert
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maroussia Hennes
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Gilissen
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giel Schevenels
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Aerts
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ria Vanlaer
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Geenen
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Nys
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Present Address: Laboratory of Synapse Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, O&N IV, Herestraat 49, box 602, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Uhl I, Kulik A, Roser P, Theodoridou A, Wyss C, Norra C, Brüne M, Kawohl W, Juckel G. Central serotonergic function in patients with predominantly negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018. [PMID: 28641887 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kulik
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - P Roser
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - A Theodoridou
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Wyss
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Norra
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - M Brüne
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - W Kawohl
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany.
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Intensity Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials in Primary Dysmenorrhea. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1324-1332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Teichert T. Loudness- and time-dependence of auditory evoked potentials is blunted by the NMDA channel blocker MK-801. Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28645081 PMCID: PMC5723527 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials (AEP) increase with the intensity/loudness of sounds (loudness-dependence of AEP, LDAEP), and the time between adjacent sounds (time-dependence of AEP, TDAEP). Both, blunted LDAEP and blunted TDAEP are markers of altered auditory function in schizophrenia (SZ). However, while blunted LDAEP has been attributed to altered serotonergic function, blunted TDAEP has been linked to altered NMDA receptor function. Despite phenomenological similarities of the two effects, no common pharmacological underpinnings have been identified. To test whether LDAEP and TDAEP are both affected by NMDA receptor blockade, two rhesus macaques passively listened to auditory clicks of 5 different intensities presented with stimulus-onset asynchronies ranging between 0.2 and 6.4s. 8 AEP components were analyzed, including the N85, the presumed human N1 homolog. LDAEP and TDAEP were estimated as the slopes of AEP amplitude with intensity and the logarithm of stimulus-onset asynchrony, respectively. On different days, AEPs were collected after systemic injection of MK-801 or vehicle. Both TDAEP and LDAEP of the N85 were blunted by the NMDA blocker MK-801 and recapitulate the SZ phenotype. In summary, LDAEP and TDAEP share important pharmacological commonalities that may help identify a common pharmacological intervention to normalize both electrophysiological phenotypes in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teichert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Involvement of the Serotonin Transporter Gene in Accurate Subcortical Speech Encoding. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10782-10790. [PMID: 27798133 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1595-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A flourishing line of evidence has highlighted the encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory system as being shaped by acoustic, linguistic, and musical experience and training. And while the heritability of auditory speech as well as nonspeech processing has been suggested, the genetic determinants of subcortical speech processing have not yet been uncovered. Here, we postulated that the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a common functional polymorphism located in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), is implicated in speech encoding in the human subcortical auditory pathway. Serotonin has been shown as essential for modulating the brain response to sound both cortically and subcortically, yet the genetic factors regulating this modulation regarding speech sounds have not been disclosed. We recorded the frequency following response, a biomarker of the neural tracking of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory pathway, and cortical evoked potentials in 58 participants elicited to the syllable /ba/, which was presented >2000 times. Participants with low serotonin transporter expression had higher signal-to-noise ratios as well as a higher pitch strength representation of the periodic part of the syllable than participants with medium to high expression, possibly by tuning synaptic activity to the stimulus features and hence a more efficient suppression of noise. These results imply the 5-HTTLPR in subcortical auditory speech encoding and add an important, genetically determined layer to the factors shaping the human subcortical response to speech sounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The accurate encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory nervous system is of paramount relevance for human communication, and it has been shown to be altered in different disorders of speech and auditory processing. Importantly, this encoding is plastic and can therefore be enhanced by language and music experience. Whether genetic factors play a role in speech encoding at the subcortical level remains unresolved. Here we show that a common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene relates to an accurate and robust neural tracking of speech stimuli in the subcortical auditory pathway. This indicates that serotonin transporter expression, eventually in combination with other polymorphisms, delimits the extent to which lifetime experience shapes the subcortical encoding of speech.
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Ertl M, Moser M, Boegle R, Conrad J, zu Eulenburg P, Dieterich M. The cortical spatiotemporal correlate of otolith stimulation: Vestibular evoked potentials by body translations. Neuroimage 2017; 155:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Thelin J, Halje P, Nielsen J, Didriksen M, Petersson P, Bastlund JF. The translationally relevant mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome reveals deficits in neuronal spike firing matching clinical neurophysiological biomarkers seen in schizophrenia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:124-136. [PMID: 27364459 PMCID: PMC5412918 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aim To date, the understanding and development of novel treatments for mental illness is hampered by inadequate animal models. For instance, it is unclear to what extent commonly used behavioural tests in animals can inform us on the mental and affective aspects of schizophrenia. Methods To link pathophysiological processes in an animal model to clinical findings, we have here utilized the recently developed Df(h15q13)/+ mouse model for detailed investigations of cortical neuronal engagement during pre‐attentive processing of auditory information from two back‐translational auditory paradigms. We also investigate if compromised putative fast‐spiking interneurone (FSI) function can be restored through pharmacological intervention using the Kv3.1 channel opener RE1. Chronic multi‐array electrodes in primary auditory cortex were used to record single cell firing from putative pyramidal and FSI in awake animals during processing of auditory sensory information. Results We find a decreased amplitude in the response to auditory stimuli and reduced recruitment of neurones to fast steady‐state gamma oscillatory activity. These results resemble encephalography recordings in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the probability of interneurones to fire with low interspike intervals during 80 Hz auditory stimulation was reduced in Df(h15q13)/+ mice, an effect that was partially reversed by the Kv3.1 channel modulator, RE1. Conclusion This study offers insight into the consequences on a neuronal level of carrying the 15q13.3 microdeletion. Furthermore, it points to deficient functioning of interneurones as a potential pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia and suggests a therapeutic potential of Kv3.1 channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Thelin
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
- Neuronano Research Center; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - P. Halje
- Neuronano Research Center; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. Nielsen
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
| | - M. Didriksen
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
| | - P. Petersson
- Neuronano Research Center; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. F. Bastlund
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
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Hagenmuller F, Heekeren K, Meier M, Theodoridou A, Walitza S, Haker H, Rössler W, Kawohl W. The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) in individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1342-1350. [PMID: 26639170 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) is considered as an indicator of central serotonergic activity. Alteration of serotonergic neurotransmission was reported in bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. In line with previous reports on clinically manifest disorders, we expected a weaker LDAEP in subjects at risk for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed LDAEP of individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorders (n=27), with high-risk status (n=74) and ultra-high-risk status for schizophrenia (n=86) and healthy controls (n=47). RESULTS The LDAEP did not differ between subjects at risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders and controls. Among subjects without medication (n=122), the at-risk-bipolar group showed a trend towards a weaker LDAEP than both the high-risk and the ultra-high-risk groups for schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The LDAEP did not appear as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. This suggests that an altered LDAEP may not be measurable until the onset of clinically manifest disorder. However, the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms leading to bipolar disorders may differ from those leading to schizophrenia is supported. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating LDAEP in a population at risk for bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hagenmuller
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magali Meier
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Haker
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Park YM, Jung E, Kim HS, Hahn SW, Lee SH. Differences in central serotoninergic transmission among patients with recent onset, sub-chronic, and chronic schizophrenia as assessed by the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:180-4. [PMID: 26232871 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that abnormalities in serotonin systems are associated with schizophrenia. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been used as a metric of central serotonin activity. The present study aimed to evaluate LDAEP in patients with schizophrenia of differing chronicity. Sixty-four patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. LDAEP and psychometric ratings, such as the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), were measured. The cohort was stratified into three subgroups according to the duration of illness: recent onset (<2years, n=21), sub-chronic (2-9years, n=28), and chronic (≥10years, n=15) groups. The LDAEP differed significantly among the three groups. A post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni) demonstrated that the LDAEP differed significantly between the recent onset and chronic groups (p=0.029), and between the healthy control and chronic groups (p=0.008). Age, sex, dosage of antipsychotics, and smoking did not significantly affect the group differences. In the correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation of LDAEP values with illness duration (r=-0.259, p=0.045). The present study verifies that the LDAEP is related to the duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia. This suggests that central serotonin neurotransmission is changeable, and it may depend on the chronicity of schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Jung
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Graßnickel V, Illes F, Juckel G, Uhl I. Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) in clinical monitoring of suicidal patients with major depression in comparison with non-suicidal depressed patients and healthy volunteers: A follow-up-study. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:299-304. [PMID: 26120809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Differences in central serotonergic function due to affective disorders and due to extraordinary situations like suicidality may be visualized using the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). Twenty patients (mean age 43.25 ± 10.85, age range 20-61, 11 male) suffering from a major depressive episode who had either acutely attempted suicide or who had suicidal plans and behavior, which are reflected by item 3 of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≥ 3 (suicidality), were included in the study. Furthermore, we intended to compare their LDAEP to those of non-suicidal depressed patients as well as to healthy volunteers, each matched according to age and gender. LDAEP measurement and psychometric tests took place about 2, 5, 9, 16 and 30 days after acute suicidal action or suicide attempts. In contrast to previous results, significant differences in LDAEP could not have been shown in between the suicidal group, or by comparing results of suicidal patients to non-suicidal depressed patients or to healthy volunteers. However, when the LDAEP of non-suicidal depressed patients were compared to healthy volunteers, there was a trend for a higher LDAEP in the healthy volunteers. Further studies are necessary to detect and describe further influences on serotonergic function and confounding factors like medication, smoking, age, gender, comorbidities and methods of suicidal attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Graßnickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Franciska Illes
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Idun Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Todd NPM, Lee CS. Source analysis of electrophysiological correlates of beat induction as sensory-guided action. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1178. [PMID: 26321991 PMCID: PMC4536380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present a reanalysis of electrophysiological data originally collected to test a sensory-motor theory of beat induction (Todd et al., 2002; Todd and Seiss, 2004; Todd and Lee, 2015). The reanalysis is conducted in the light of more recent findings and in particular the demonstration that auditory evoked potentials contain a vestibular dependency. At the core of the analysis is a model which predicts brain dipole source current activity over time in temporal and frontal lobe areas during passive listening to a rhythm, or active synchronization, where it dissociates the frontal activity into distinct sources which can be identified as respectively pre-motor and motor in origin. The model successfully captures the main features of the rhythm in showing that the metrical structure is manifest in an increase in source current activity during strong compared to weak beats. In addition the outcomes of modeling suggest that: (1) activity in both temporal and frontal areas contribute to the metrical percept and that this activity is distributed over time; (2) transient, time-locked activity associated with anticipated beats is increased when a temporal expectation is confirmed following a previous violation, such as a syncopation; (3) two distinct processes are involved in auditory cortex, corresponding to tangential and radial (possibly vestibular dependent) current sources. We discuss the implications of these outcomes for the insights they give into the origin of metrical structure and the power of syncopation to induce movement and create a sense of groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P. M. Todd
- Faculty of Life Science, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
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Abstract
Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
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Prediction of long-term treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) using scalp and source loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) analysis in patients with major depressive disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6251-65. [PMID: 25794285 PMCID: PMC4394530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) is inversely related to central serotonergic activity, with a high LDAEP reflecting weak serotonergic neurotransmission and vice versa, though the findings in humans have been less consistent. In addition, a high pretreatment LDAEP appears to predict a favorable response to antidepressant treatments that augment the actions of serotonin. The aim of this study was to test whether the baseline LDAEP is correlated with response to long-term maintenance treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Scalp N1, P2 and N1/P2 LDAEP and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography-localized N1, P2, and N1/P2 LDAEP were evaluated in 41 MDD patients before and after they received antidepressant treatment (escitalopram (n = 32, 10.0 ± 4.0 mg/day), sertraline (n = 7, 78.6 ± 26.7 mg/day), and paroxetine controlled-release formulation (n = 2, 18.8 ± 8.8 mg/day)) for more than 12 weeks. A treatment response was defined as a reduction in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of >50% between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS The responders had higher baseline scalp P2 and N1/P2 LDAEP than nonresponders (p = 0.017; p = 0.036). In addition, changes in total BDI score between baseline and follow-up were larger in subjects with a high baseline N1/P2 LDAEP than those with a low baseline N1/P2 LDAEP (p = 0.009). There were significantly more responders in the high-LDAEP group than in the low-LDAEP group (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal that a high baseline LDAEP is associated with a clinical response to long-term antidepressant treatment.
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García-Oscos F, Torres-Ramírez O, Dinh L, Galindo-Charles L, Pérez Padilla EA, Pineda JC, Atzori M, Salgado H. Activation of 5-HT receptors inhibits GABAergic transmission by pre-and post-synaptic mechanisms in layer II/III of the juvenile rat auditory cortex. Synapse 2015; 69:115-27. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García-Oscos
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas Texas
| | - Oswaldo Torres-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida; Yucatán México
| | - Lu Dinh
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas
| | - Luis Galindo-Charles
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas Texas
| | - Elsy Arlene Pérez Padilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida; Yucatán México
| | - Juan Carlos Pineda
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida; Yucatán México
| | - Marco Atzori
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; San Luis Potosí México
| | - Humberto Salgado
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida; Yucatán México
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Ajdacic-Gross V, Müller M, Rodgers S, Warnke I, Hengartner MP, Landolt K, Hagenmuller F, Meier M, Tse LT, Aleksandrowicz A, Passardi M, Knöpfli D, Schönfelder H, Eisele J, Rüsch N, Haker H, Kawohl W, Rössler W. The ZInEP Epidemiology Survey: background, design and methods. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2014; 23:451-68. [PMID: 24942564 PMCID: PMC6878317 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article introduces the design, sampling, field procedures and instruments used in the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey. This survey is one of six ZInEP projects (Zürcher Impulsprogramm zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Psychiatrie, i.e. the "Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services"). It parallels the longitudinal Zurich Study with a sample comparable in age and gender, and with similar methodology, including identical instruments. Thus, it is aimed at assessing the change of prevalence rates of common mental disorders and the use of professional help and psychiatric sevices. Moreover, the current survey widens the spectrum of topics by including sociopsychiatric questionnaires on stigma, stress related biological measures such as load and cortisol levels, electroencephalographic (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) examinations with various paradigms, and sociophysiological tests. The structure of the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey entails four subprojects: a short telephone screening using the SCL-27 (n of nearly 10,000), a comprehensive face-to-face interview based on the SPIKE (Structured Psychopathological Interview and Rating of the Social Consequences for Epidemiology: the main instrument of the Zurich Study) with a stratified sample (n = 1500), tests in the Center for Neurophysiology and Sociophysiology (n = 227), and a prospective study with up to three follow-up interviews and further measures (n = 157). In sum, the four subprojects of the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey deliver a large interdisciplinary database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
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Theodoridou A, Heekeren K, Dvorsky D, Metzler S, Franscini M, Haker H, Kawohl W, Rüsch N, Walitza S, Rössler W. Early Recognition of High Risk of Bipolar Disorder and Psychosis: An Overview of the ZInEP "Early Recognition" Study. Front Public Health 2014; 2:166. [PMID: 25325050 PMCID: PMC4181243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of persons with first signs of emerging psychosis is regarded as a promising strategy to reduce the burden of the disease. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in early detection of psychosis and bipolar disorders, with a clear need for sufficient sample sizes in prospective research. The underlying brain network disturbances in individuals at risk or with a prodrome are complex and yet not well known. This paper provides the rationale and design of a prospective longitudinal study focused on at-risk states of psychosis and bipolar disorder. The study is carried out within the context of the Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health services (Zürcher Impulsprogramm zur Nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Psychiatrie). Persons at risk for psychosis or bipolar disorder between 13 and 35 years of age are examined by using a multi-level-approach (psychopathology, neuropsychology, genetics, electrophysiology, sociophysiology, magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy). The included adolescents and young adults have four follow-ups at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. This approach provides data for a better understanding of the relevant mechanisms involved in the onset of psychosis and bipolar disorder, which can serve as targets for future interventions. But for daily clinical practice a practicable “early recognition” approach is required. The results of this study will be useful to identify the strongest predictors and to delineate a prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Theodoridou
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Diane Dvorsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Metzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Maurizia Franscini
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Helene Haker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; Collegium Helveticum , Zurich , Switzerland
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A mouse model that recapitulates cardinal features of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome including schizophrenia- and epilepsy-related alterations. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:128-37. [PMID: 24090792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide scans have uncovered rare copy number variants conferring high risk of psychiatric disorders. The 15q13.3 microdeletion is associated with a considerably increased risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. METHODS A 15q13.3 microdeletion mouse model (Df[h15q13]/+) was generated by hemizygous deletion of the orthologous region and characterized with focus on schizophrenia- and epilepsy-relevant parameters. RESULTS Df(h15q13)/+ mice showed marked changes in neuronal excitability in acute seizure assays, with increased propensity to develop myoclonic and absence-like seizures but decreased propensity for clonic and tonic seizures. Furthermore, they had impaired long-term spatial reference memory and a decreased theta frequency in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Electroencephalogram characterization revealed auditory processing deficits similar to those observed in schizophrenia. Gamma band power was increased during active state, but evoked gamma power following auditory stimulus (40 Hz) was dramatically reduced, mirroring observations in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, Df(h15q13)/+ mice showed schizophrenia-like decreases in amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials. Although displaying a grossly normal behavior, Df(h15q13)/+ mice are more aggressive following exposure to mild stressors, similar to what is described in human deletion carriers. Furthermore, Df(h15q13)/+ mice have increased body weight, and a similar increase in body weight was subsequently found in a sample of human subjects with 15q13.3 deletion. CONCLUSIONS The Df(h15q13)/+ mouse shows similarities to several alterations related to the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, offering a novel tool for addressing the underlying biology of these diseases.
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Juckel G. Serotonin: from sensory processing to schizophrenia using an electrophysiological method. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:121-4. [PMID: 24971690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin plays a major role in sensory processing especially with in the primary auditory cortex. The so-called loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials is generated by pyramidal cells of the primary auditory cortex (LDAEP) which are modulated by serotonergic projection fibers to the main regulators of pyramidal cells, i.e. GABAergic interneurons. Therefore, there are a lot of preclinical as well as clinical proofs and hints that the LDAEP may serve as a valid indicator of synaptically released serotonin, although there are also data not supporting this relationship. This is further examplified by LDAEP data in patients with different states of schizophrenia, from prodromal to the chronic state. Hereby, a strong relationship was found between LDAEP, i.e. different serotonin levels, and the negative symptoms of these groups of patients with schizophrenia. This underlines the importance of LDAEP as indicator of central serotonergic neurotransmission and its high relevance for clinical psychiatry and psychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Juckel
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791 Bochum, NRW, Germany.
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Park YM, Lee BH, Um TH, Kim S. Serum BDNF levels in relation to illness severity, suicide attempts, and central serotonin activity in patients with major depressive disorder: a pilot study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91061. [PMID: 24663244 PMCID: PMC3963843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are correlated with the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). The question of whether there is a difference in BDNF levels between depressive patients according to their illness severity, history of suicide attempts, and central serotonin activity was also addressed. A sample of 51 patients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder following diagnosis using axis I of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – text revision comprised the study subjects. The patients were stratified into two subgroups based on their illness severity, history of suicide attempts, and their LDAEP values. The LDAEP was evaluated by measuring the auditory event-related potentials, and serum BDNF was measured using blood sampling before beginning medication with serotonergic agents. There was no difference in serum BDNF levels between the two patient subgroups. The subgroup with moderate-to-severe depression (n = 16) was reanalyzed after stratifying it into two subgroups according to LDAEP and BDNF values (dichotomized at the medians into low and high). The high-LDAEP subgroup had higher serum BDNF levels and total Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score than the low-LDAEP subgroup (p = 0.03 and 0.036, respectively). Serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with LDAEP and total Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) score (r = 0.56, p = 0.025, and r = 0.59, p = 0.016, respectively). The high-BDNF subgroup had a higher LDAEP and total BHS score than the low-BDNF subgroup (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011, respectively). This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between the BDNF level and LDAEP in Asian depressive patients. Intriguingly, the high-BDNF subgroup (divided according to illness severity) exhibited a more severe psychopathology on some psychometric rating scales, a finding that conflicts with previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Um
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sollip Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Park YM. Relationship between SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and central serotonergic activity based on the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:551-5. [PMID: 24005532 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been hypothesized that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced sexual dysfunction can occur more frequently in patients with higher central serotonergic activity, and that this higher serotonergic activity can induce inhibition of sexual desire, ejaculation, and orgasm. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and increased serotonin. METHOD Event-related potentials for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) were measured in 46 patients at a single time point. The subjects' scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist were also determined by the investigators at the same time point. All patients had received SSRI monotherapy. RESULTS Overall, 37 % (17/46) of the patients experienced some form of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction: lack of sexual desire, impotence, orgasm, and menstrual abnormality or mastalgia were experienced by 21.7, 8.3, 15.2, and 20.6 % of the patients, respectively. The subjects were thus divided into two groups-those with and without sexual dysfunction-and their data were compared. There was a tendency for the LDAEP to be lower in the group with sexual dysfunction (1.04 ± 0.77 μV) than the group without sexual dysfunction (1.45 ± 0.86 μV), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.086). Furthermore, the distribution of the frequency of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction differed marginally significantly between patients with low and high LDAEP, dichotomized according to the median LDAEP on the Cz electrode (χ (2) = 3.664, p = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS There was a relatively high frequency of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in patients with low LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 2240, Daehwa-Dong, Ilsan Seo-Gu, Goyang, 411-706, Republic of Korea,
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How specific are inhibitory deficits to obsessive-compulsive disorder? A neurophysiological comparison with panic disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:463-75. [PMID: 24079948 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired inhibition may perpetuate repetitive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however OCD-specific deficits have yet to be established. We investigated neural correlates of inhibition in OCD vs. healthy and anxious controls. METHODS ERPs and reaction times (RTs) were compared between participants with OCD (n=20), panic disorder (PD; n=20) and healthy controls (HCs; n=20) during an adapted Go/NoGo task, which manipulated inhibitory difficulty. RESULTS A classic P3 NoGo anteriorisation effect occurred across groups. Both clinical groups showed RT impairment, and similar topographical anomalies of several (P2, N2 and P3) ERP components. Notably, both clinical groups lacked the strong frontally maximal N2 component topography seen in the HCs, across stimuli. Additionally, with increasing inhibitory difficulty, N2 latency increased in HCs but not in the clinical groups. CONCLUSIONS Unexpectedly, ERP and behavioural anomalies during inhibition in OCD were not qualitatively different to those in PD, but were generally more severe. Common general and inhibitory deficits may underlie intrusive mental phenomena in both conditions. SIGNIFICANCE This first ERP response inhibition study in OCD to include anxious controls disconfirmed hypotheses regarding OCD-specific inhibitory deficits, indicating the importance of comparing OCD to other conditions, to evaluate neurobiological models.
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Wyss C, Hitz K, Hengartner MP, Theodoridou A, Obermann C, Uhl I, Roser P, Grünblatt E, Seifritz E, Juckel G, Kawohl W. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) as an indicator of serotonergic dysfunction in patients with predominant schizophrenic negative symptoms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68650. [PMID: 23874705 PMCID: PMC3709903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the influence of dopaminergic neurotransmission on negative symptoms in schizophrenia, there is evidence that alterations of serotonin (5-HT) system functioning also play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these disabling symptoms. From post mortem and genetic studies on patients with negative symptoms a 5-HT dysfunction is documented. In addition atypical neuroleptics and some antidepressants improve negative symptoms via serotonergic action. So far no research has been done to directly clarify the association between the serotonergic functioning and the extent of negative symptoms. Therefore, we examined the status of brain 5-HT level in negative symptoms in schizophrenia by means of the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). The LDAEP provides a well established and non-invasive in vivo marker of the central 5-HT activity. We investigated 13 patients with schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms treated with atypical neuroleptics and 13 healthy age and gender matched controls with a 32-channel EEG. The LDAEP of the N1/P2 component was evaluated by dipole source analysis and single electrode estimation at Cz. Psychopathological parameters, nicotine use and medication were assessed to control for additional influencing factors. Schizophrenic patients showed significantly higher LDAEP in both hemispheres than controls. Furthermore, the LDAEP in the right hemisphere in patients was related to higher scores in scales assessing negative symptoms. A relationship with positive symptoms was not found. These data might suggest a diminished central serotonergic neurotransmission in patients with predominant negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wyss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P. Hengartner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caitriona Obermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idun Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrik Roser
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Park YM, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Kang SG, Min JA, Chae JH. Association between BDNF gene polymorphisms and serotonergic activity using loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60340. [PMID: 23593198 PMCID: PMC3621878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) would be a reliable indicator of central serotonin system activity in humans. Serotonin levels and turnover are also increased by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between genetic polymorphisms of BDNF and the LDAEP in healthy Korean young adults. The cohort comprised 211 mentally and physically healthy subjects, all of whom were nonsmokers (111 males, 100 females; age: 20∼32 years). To avoid hormonal effects, the LDAEP was measured during days 2–5 after the beginning of menstruation for female subjects. In addition, BDNF polymorphisms (rs6265, rs2030324, and rs1491850) were genotyped. The strength of the LDAEP differed significantly among the BDNF genotype groups. Furthermore, the distribution of genotypic frequencies differed significantly between subjects with high and low LDAEPs. In particular, subjects with the Val/Met (A/G) genotype for rs6265, the T/T genotype for rs2030324, or the C/C genotype for rs1491850 had a higher LDAEP, indicating lower central serotonergic activity. A low LDAEP was more prevalent than a high LDAEP among those with the C-T haplotype (C genotype for rs2030424 and T genotype for rs1491850). Our results concur with previous findings on BDNF polymorphisms and serotonergic drug responses in psychiatric disorder patients. The present results suggest the possibility that BDNF polymorphisms and LDAEP patterns can predict altered serotonergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Ostermann J, Uhl I, Köhler E, Juckel G, Norra C. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and effects of psychopathology and psychopharmacotherapy in psychiatric inpatients. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:595-604. [PMID: 24446538 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have provided evidence for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) as a marker for central serotonergic activity but remained inconclusive for its suitability in clinical use. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 162 psychiatric inpatients (major depression N = 86, bipolar disorder N = 12, schizophrenia N = 50, and schizoaffective disorder N = 14) and 40 healthy subjects was retrospectively examined for LDAEP and effects of psychopathology and psychopharmacology. RESULTS The LDAEP was weaker in patients with affective disorders than in healthy subjects but did not differentiate between the total patient sample and healthy controls. LDAEP correlated significantly with dimensions of the Brief Symptom Inventory in the total patient sample (depression, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, Global Symptom Index, and Positive Symptom Distress Index), in patients with affective disorders (depression) and with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (depression, psychoticism, Global Symptom Index, and Positive Symptom Distress Index). Similar correlations were found in depressed patients with a single noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. There was a negative correlation between dosage of typical antipsychotics and LDAEP. Hypnotics generally led to a lower LDAEP. CONCLUSION The LDAEP in patients is related to severity of psychopathologic syndromes irrespective of diagnosis. Chronic psychopharmacologic treatment may also differentially modulate the LDAEP, but longitudinal studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ostermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) in clinical monitoring of suicidal patients with major depression: a pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:487-92. [PMID: 22350533 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) is a validated in vivo marker of central serotonergic function. We aimed at measuring serotonergic activity in a follow-up study of suicidal patients. It should be investigated whether suicide attempts or suicidal states cause changes in the LDAEP. Thirteen patients (mean age, 40.9 ± 11.3 years; age range, 20-61, 6 male) with a major depressive episode who had attempted suicide or had suicidal plans (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale item 3 [suicidality] ≥3) were included in the study. LDAEP and psychometric measurements took place about 2, 5, 9 and 16 days after attempted suicide or suicidal action. On day 9, LDAEP was significantly higher compared to day 2 and day 16; there was a similar tendency compared to day 5. Instability of central serotonergic function is suggested resulting in reduced serotonergic activity about 1 week after suicide attempt. Further studies are necessary that include larger samples in order to distinguish between different psychiatric diseases and to consider confounding factors like gender, smoking, medication, impulsivity or lethality of suicidal action.
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Lee KS, Park YM, Lee SH. Serotonergic dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder assessed by the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:298-306. [PMID: 22993531 PMCID: PMC3440481 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is suggested to be a marker of serotonin system function. This study explored the LDAEP of multiple mood statuses (depression, mania, and euthymia) and its clinical implication in bipolar disorder patients. METHODS A total of 89 subjects, comprising 35 patients with bipolar disorder, 32 patients with schizophrenia, and 22 healthy controls were evaluated. The bipolar disorder cases comprised 10 depressed patients, 15 patients with mania, and 10 euthymic patients. The N1/P2 peak-to-peak amplitudes were measured at 5 stimulus intensities, and the LDAEP was calculated as the slope of the linear regression. Both cortical and source LDAEP values were calculated. RESULTS LDAEP varied according to mood statuses, and was significantly stronger in cases of euthymia, depression, and mania. Cortical LDAEP was significantly stronger in patients with bipolar euthymia compared with schizophrenia, stronger in bipolar depression than in schizophrenia, stronger in healthy controls than in schizophrenia patients, and stronger in healthy controls than in patients with bipolar mania. Source LDAEP was significantly stronger in patients with bipolar euthymia, bipolar depression, and bipolar mania compared with schizophrenia, stronger in bipolar euthymia than in bipolar mania. Psychotic features weakened the source LDAEP relative to nonpsychotic features. The severity of the depressive symptom was negatively correlated with source LDAEP. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the serotonin activity of patients with bipolar disorder may vary according to mood status. A longitudinal follow-up study should be pursued using drug-naive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sang Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Park YM, Lee SH, Park EJ. Usefulness of LDAEP to predict tolerability to SSRIs in major depressive disorder: a case report. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:80-2. [PMID: 22396689 PMCID: PMC3285746 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a patient with major depressive disorder who experienced severe adverse effects after the administration of SSRIs (serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors) without improvement of his depressive symptoms. These adverse effects disappeared and his depressive symptoms improved after discontinuation of the SSRIs and the administration of tianeptine. The patient exhibited a low value for the loudness dependent of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) -0.14 at baseline, which means that his central serotonergic neurotransmission was already highly active. We assumed that it was this high serotonergic activity that rendered him unresponsive to SSRIs, and brought on him the adverse effects, and that the tianeptine was effective due to the lack of serotonin reuptake inhibitory action. Thus, we suggest that LDAEP can be used to predict an individual patient's tolerability and clinical response to SSRIs in major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
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Guille V, Gogos A, Nathan PJ, Croft RJ, van den Buuse M. Interaction of estrogen with central serotonergic mechanisms in human sensory processing: loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential and mismatch negativity. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1614-22. [PMID: 20562170 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110370506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen may be involved in schizophrenia by inhibiting serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor function. We examined the effects of estrogen pre-treatment on modulation of loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) and mismatch negativity by the 5-HT(1A) receptor partial agonist, buspirone. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures design in healthy female volunteers, we observed that buspirone treatment significantly increased LDAEP slope. Estrogen increased LDAEP slope on its own, and a further LDAEP increase by buspirone was not seen after estrogen pre-treatment. Similar results were observed for mismatch negativity, where buspirone caused a small increase of latency, although not amplitude, after placebo but not estrogen pre-treatment, which enhanced mismatch negativity latency on its own. These results are in line with our previous findings on prepulse inhibition showing an inhibitory effect of estrogen on the action of buspirone. Taken together, these data suggest that estrogen may inhibit 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated disruptions of auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Guille
- Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Uhl I, Krumova EK, Regeniter S, Bär KJ, Norra C, Richter H, Assion HJ, Westermann A, Juckel G, Maier C. Association between wind-up ratio and central serotonergic function in healthy subjects and depressed patients. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:176-180. [PMID: 21964385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Temporal summation of C-fiber evoked responses generates an increase in action potential discharge in second-order neurons and in perceived pain intensity (wind-up). This may be related to the central serotonergic system which modulates and partly inhibits sensory input. Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between wind-up and serotonergic activity using loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). 18 healthy subjects were compared to 18 patients with major depression, a disease with a putative serotonin deficit. They were examined with quantitative sensory testing (QST) using the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS), including the wind-up ratio (WUR), LDAEP, and psychometric measurements. We found a slight positive correlation between WUR and LDAEP both in healthy controls and depressed patients combined (r=0.340, p=0.043), indicating that WUR may be modulated by serotonergic activity. It can be concluded that inhibitory control to noxious stimuli is partly associated with the central serotonergic function as indicated by LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idun Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Elena K Krumova
- Department of Pain Management, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil GmbH, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Regeniter
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Norra
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Helmut Richter
- Department of Pain Management, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil GmbH, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Assion
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Westermann
- Department of Pain Management, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil GmbH, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Maier
- Department of Pain Management, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil GmbH, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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Hagenmuller F, Hitz K, Darvas F, Kawohl W. Determination of the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials: single-electrode estimation versus dipole source analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol 2011; 26:147-54. [PMID: 21455973 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been described as a measure of central serotonergic activity. Single-electrode estimation and dipole source analysis (DSA) are the most utilized methods for the estimation of LDAEP. To date, it is assumed that both methods are equally reliable. Nevertheless, according to our knowledge, the advantage of either method has not yet been shown directly. The aim of our study was to compare single-electrode estimation and dipole source analysis in the determination of the LDAEP. METHODS Tones of five different intensities were presented binaurally to 10 healthy volunteers. Amplitudes of N1/P2 and LDAEP were determined at the central electrode site referenced to average and to linked mastoids and with DSA in the left and the right hemispheres. Scores were normalized (z-scores), compared, and correlated. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, we found a significant difference between scores obtained with single-electrode estimation and with DSA. CONCLUSION The difference may be caused by confounding activation of a frontal source in the single-electrode method. The single-electrode approach cannot be equated with DSA in the determination of the LDAEP. This should be considered when comparing the results of different LDAEP studies using only one of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hagenmuller
- Work Group Clinical Neurophysiology, Research Group Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology, Department of Social and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Park YM, Kim DW, Kim S, Im CH, Lee SH. The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) as a predictor of the response to escitalopram in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 213:625-32. [PMID: 21057773 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been proposed as a potential biological marker of central serotonergic activity. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the LDAEP can be used to predict the response to escitalopram in patients with GAD. METHOD Twenty-five patients with GAD were recruited. Scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were evaluated. To evaluate the LDAEP, the auditory event-related potential was measured before beginning medication. Peak-to-peak N1/P2 amplitudes and current source densities were calculated at five stimulus intensities, and the LDAEP was calculated as the linear-regression slope. The current source densities of the evoked potentials were analyzed by standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). The loudness dependence of the current densities (sLORETA-LDAEP) was also calculated. RESULTS The pretreatment LDAEPs of all patients were positively correlated with the CGI-S response rates at 4 and 8 weeks, and with the HAM-A and BAI response rates at 8 weeks. The sLORETA-LDAEPs were positively correlated with the HAM-A response rates after 8 weeks of treatment. The HAM-A and CGI response rates at 8 weeks were higher in patients with a strong pretreatment LDAEP than in those with a weak LDAEP. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that GAD patients with a favorable response to escitalopram treatment are characterized by a stronger pretreatment LDAEP. Measurement of the LDAEP appears to provide useful clinical information for predicting treatment responses in patients with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Inje University, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Beucke JC, Uhl I, Plotkin M, Winter C, Assion HJ, Endrass T, Amthauer H, Kupsch A, Juckel G. Serotonergic neurotransmission in early Parkinson's disease: a pilot study to assess implications for depression in this disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 11:781-7. [PMID: 20586535 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2010.491127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression, a disease usually accompanied by a serotonergic deficit, has been observed in about 40% of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, a serotonergic dysfunction in PD can be assumed. We aimed to investigate the interaction between serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic activity in early PD. We hypothesized a serotonergic as well as a dopaminergic deficit in PD patients. We also assumed a correlation between these neurotransmitters indicating a relationship between dopaminergic and serotonergic function in PD. METHODS Nine unmedicated PD patients before and 12 weeks after L-dopa treatment and nine healthy subjects were examined using the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), a promising indicator of central serotonergic function. Dopaminergic transporters (DAT) were collected using (123)I-FP-CIT and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). LDAEP values were correlated with (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT data. RESULTS A significant difference between LDAEP of controls and patients (P= 0.05) suggested lower serotonergic activity in PD. Twelve weeks after initiation of L-dopa treatment this difference was lost between patients and controls (P= 0.20). There was a trend towards a correlation between LDAEP and DAT (r= 0.65; P = 0.057) of the unmedicated patients, suggesting a low serotonergic activity may be related to a dopamine deficit in PD. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that serotonergic neurotransmission is decreased in untreated PD and suggest that a low serotonergic activity may be related to the dopamine pathology in PD. This could be related to the high prevalence of depression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Beucke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Oliva J, Leung S, Croft RJ, O'Neill BV, O'Kane J, Stout J, Phan KL, Nathan PJ. The loudness dependence auditory evoked potential is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Hum Psychopharmacol 2010; 25:423-7. [PMID: 20589921 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been proposed as an electrophysiological marker for assessing serotonergic function in vivo in humans, although accumulating evidence suggests that it is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic neurotransmission. Very little is known about the sensitivity of the LDAEP to other neurotransmitter systems including the noradrenergic system. The current study examined the effects of noradrenergic modulation as well as serotonergic modulation on the LDAEP. METHODS The study utilised a double-blind placebo-controlled design in which the LDAEP in 17 healthy males and females was tested following acute administration of each of citalopram (20 mg), reboxetine (4 mg) and placebo. RESULTS Neither citalopram nor reboxetine modulated the LDAEP relative to placebo treatment (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the LDAEP is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission and thus is a poor pharmacodynamic marker of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Oliva
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Differential effects of endogenous lithium on neurobehavioural functioning: a study on auditory evoked potentials. Psychiatry Res 2010; 178:176-81. [PMID: 20452041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lithium occurs naturally in food and water. Low environmental concentrations in drinking water are associated with mental illnesses and behavioural offences, and at therapeutic dosages it is used to treat psychiatric (especially affective) disorders, partly by facilitating serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. As little is known about the psychophysiological role of nutritional lithium in the general population, endogenous lithium concentrations were hypothesised to be associated with measurable effects on emotional liability and the loudness dependence (LD) that is proposed as one of the most valid indicators of 5-HT neurotransmission. Auditory evoked potentials of healthy volunteers [N=36] with high (>2.5 microg/l) or low (<1.5 microg/l) lithium serum concentrations were recorded. Emotional liability was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Low-lithium levels correlated with Somatisation while correlations between lithium and LD were not significant. Still, LD correlated positively with Paranoid Ideation, negatively with Anxiety and, in the high-lithium group, inversely with further aspects of emotional liability (Depression, Psychological Distress). In conclusion, the effects of low levels of endogenous lithium are associated with emotional liability, and high levels with some protective effects, although findings remain inconclusive regarding LD. Potential benefits of endogenous lithium on neurobehavioural functioning, especially in high-risk individuals, would have public health implications.
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Low serotonergic function and its normalization by treatment with sertraline in obsessive-compulsive disorder--an auditory evoked potential study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 30:341-3. [PMID: 20473079 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181db354f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park YM, Lee SH, Kim S, Bae SM. The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:313-6. [PMID: 20005279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and healthy controls was evaluated by measuring the activity of the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP). METHODS The 357 subjects who were evaluated comprised 55 normal controls, 123 patients with major depressive disorder, 37 with bipolar disorder, 46 with schizophrenia, 37 with panic disorder (PD), 31 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 28 with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RESULTS LDAEP was significantly stronger in healthy controls than in patients with either bipolar disorder (p=0.025) or schizophrenia (p=0.008), and significantly stronger in patients with major depressive disorder than in those with bipolar disorder (p=0.01) or schizophrenia (p=0.03). LDAEP did not differ significantly between patients with major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects (p=0.667), or between healthy control subjects and patients with anxiety disorder, including PD (p=0.469), GAD (p=0.664), and PTSD (p=0.167). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study reveal that patients with major psychiatric disorders exhibit different strengths of LDAEP according to their serotonin-related pathology. Studies controlled for psychotropic medication, menstruation cycle, and smoking are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, 2240 Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, South Korea
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Huang MX, Lee RR, Gaa KM, Song T, Harrington DL, Loh C, Theilmann RJ, Edgar JC, Miller GA, Canive JM, Granholm E. Somatosensory system deficits in schizophrenia revealed by MEG during a median-nerve oddball task. Brain Topogr 2010; 23:82-104. [PMID: 19943100 PMCID: PMC2816821 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-009-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although impairments related to somatosensory perception are common in schizophrenia, they have rarely been examined in functional imaging studies. In the present study, magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to identify neural networks that support attention to somatosensory stimuli in healthy adults and abnormalities in these networks in patient with schizophrenia. A median-nerve oddball task was used to probe attention to somatosensory stimuli, and an advanced, high-resolution MEG source-imaging method was applied to assess activity throughout the brain. In nineteen healthy subjects, attention-related activation was seen in a sensorimotor network involving primary somatosensory (S1), secondary somatosensory (S2), primary motor (M1), pre-motor (PMA), and paracentral lobule (PCL) areas. A frontal-parietal-temporal "attention network", containing dorsal- and ventral-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC and VLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior parietal lobule (SPL), inferior parietal lobule (IPL)/supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and temporal lobe areas, was also activated. Seventeen individuals with schizophrenia showed early attention-related hyperactivations in S1 and M1 but hypo-activation in S1, S2, M1, and PMA at later latency in the sensorimotor network. Within this attention network, hypoactivation was found in SPL, DLPFC, orbitofrontal cortex, and the dorsal aspect of ACC. Hyperactivation was seen in SMG/IPL, frontal pole, and the ventral aspect of ACC in patients. These findings link attention-related somatosensory deficits to dysfunction in both sensorimotor and frontal-parietal-temporal networks in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Huang
- Research, Radiology, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA.
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No association between chronic cannabis use and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials as indicator of central serotonergic neurotransmission. Neurosci Lett 2009; 465:113-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Macedo CE, Angst MJ, Guiberteau T, Brasse D, O'Brien TJ, Sandner G. Acoustic hypersensitivity in adult rats after neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions. Behav Brain Res 2009; 207:161-8. [PMID: 19818810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rats with a bilateral neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL) are used as models of neurobiological aspects of schizophrenia. In view of their decreased number of GABAergic interneurons, we hypothesized that they would show increased reactivity to acoustic stimuli. We systematically characterized the acoustic reactivity of NVHL rats and sham operated controls. They were behaviourally observed during a loud white noise. A first cohort of 7 months' old rats was studied. Then the observations were reproduced in a second cohort of the same age after characterizing the reactivity of the same rats to dopaminergic drugs. A third cohort of rats was studied at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. In subsets of lesioned and control rats, inferior colliculus auditory evoked potentials were recorded. A significant proportion of rats (50-62%) showed aberrant audiogenic responses with explosive wild running resembling the initial phase of audiogenic seizures. This was not correlated with their well-known enhanced reactivity to dopaminergic drugs. The proportion of rats showing this strong reaction increased with rats' age. After the cessation of the noise, NVHL rats showed a long freezing period that did neither depend on the size of the lesion nor on the rats' age. The initial negative deflection of the auditory evoked potential was enhanced in the inferior colliculus of only NVHL rats that displayed wild running. Complementary anatomical investigations using X-ray scans in the living animal, and alizarin red staining of brain slices, revealed a thin layer of calcium deposit close to the medial geniculate nuclei in post-NVHL rats, raising the possibility that this may contribute to the hyper-reactivity to sounds seen in these animals. The findings of this study provide complementary information with potential relevance for the hyper-reactivity noted in patients with schizophrenia, and therefore a tool to investigate the underlying biology of this endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Macedo
- Laboratorio de Psicobiologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Clinical symptoms of major depression are associated with the intensity dependence of auditory event-related potential components. Psychiatry Res 2009; 169:139-43. [PMID: 19700202 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intensity (loudness) dependent amplitude change (IDAP) of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been shown to be associated with the outcome of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depression. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate associations between clinical symptoms of major depression and the IDAP as an indirect indicator of cortical serotonergic function. We assessed 40 in-patients suffering from a major depressive episode (DSM-IV) prior to antidepressant treatment. Psychometric characteristics of depression were assessed by means of psychiatric rating scales (CGI, HDRS, HAMA, STAI and BDI) and evaluated for associations with auditory evoked P1, N1, P2 as well as P1/N1 and N1/P2 peak to peak amplitude slopes. Our data revealed a positive correlation of the intensity dependent N1 amplitude slope with the degree of certain somatic symptoms of depression: loss of appetite and weight, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction. The results of our study might contribute to a more specific clinical basis in the differential indication of serotonergic versus noradrenergic antidepressants.
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Kang K, Huang XF, Wang Q, Deng C. Decreased density of serotonin 2A receptors in the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia--a postmortem study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:867-71. [PMID: 19389456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly with regards to auditory hallucinations. In this study, using in situ quantitative autoradiography in postmortem tissue, we investigated the binding of the [3H]ketanserin to 5-HT(2A) receptors and [3H]mesulergine to 5-HT(2C) receptors in the left STG of 8 male schizophrenic patients compared to 8 control subjects. A strong [3H]ketanserin binding was observed in the STG, however there was a very weak [3H]mesulergine binding in the STG. A significant decrease in binding of [(3)H]ketanserin was clearly observed in schizophrenia patients in comparison with control subjects. There were no significant correlations between 5-HT(2A) binding density and age, postmortem intervals, or brain pH. These results suggest that the alterations of the 5-HT(2A) receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of the STG in schizophrenia. Furthermore, there is a clear tendency for a positive correlation between 5-HT(2A) and muscarinic M1 receptor bindings, and for negative correlations between 5-HT(2A) and GABA(A) receptor bindings and between muscarinic M1 and GABA(A) receptor bindings. This provides a possible mechanism of auditory hallucinations through interactions between 5-HT(2A), acetylcholine muscarinic and GABA transmissions in the STG in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Gudlowski Y, Ozgürdal S, Witthaus H, Gallinat J, Hauser M, Winter C, Uhl I, Heinz A, Juckel G. Serotonergic dysfunction in the prodromal, first-episode and chronic course of schizophrenia as assessed by the loudness dependence of auditory evoked activity. Schizophr Res 2009; 109:141-7. [PMID: 19268544 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealing evidence of increased serotonergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia has generated substantial interest in the role of serotonin in its pathophysiology. None of these studies, however, have queried whether dysfunctional serotonergic activity might already have been present in subjects of at-risk mental state for schizophrenia before the onset of psychotic symptoms, and whether serotonergic activity further increases during the development of schizophrenia and the chronic course. Although no valid indicator for measuring the activity level of serotonergic neurotransmission has yet been found, a series of evidence from human and animal studies suggests that a weak loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) indicates high serotonergic activity and vice versa. We examined the LDAEP (N1/P2 component) in 60 patients with at-risk mental state for schizophrenia who showed characteristic prodromal symptoms, 34 first-episode patients, 28 patients with a chronic course of schizophrenia and 57 healthy controls. Prodromal patients showed significantly weaker LDAEP in comparison to healthy volunteers, but similarly to that in first-episode and chronic patients. None of the covariates such as age, gender, medication, age of onset, or psychopathology had an influence on this finding. In a subsample of prodromal patients, LDAEP values remain the same after retesting 10 months later. These results indicate that serotonergic neurotransmission had already increased before the onset of the full-blown psychosis of schizophrenia and remains enhanced in the further course of the disease. A weak LDAEP may therefore represent a vulnerability marker rather than an expression of illness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehonala Gudlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, University Medicine of Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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