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Aris P, Wei Y, Mohamadzadeh M, Xia X. Griseofulvin: An Updated Overview of Old and Current Knowledge. Molecules 2022; 27:7034. [PMID: 36296627 PMCID: PMC9610072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Griseofulvin is an antifungal polyketide metabolite produced mainly by ascomycetes. Since it was commercially introduced in 1959, griseofulvin has been used in treating dermatophyte infections. This fungistatic has gained increasing interest for multifunctional applications in the last decades due to its potential to disrupt mitosis and cell division in human cancer cells and arrest hepatitis C virus replication. In addition to these inhibitory effects, we and others found griseofulvin may enhance ACE2 function, contribute to vascular vasodilation, and improve capillary blood flow. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed that griseofulvin and its derivatives have good binding potential with SARS-CoV-2 main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), suggesting its inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 entry and viral replication. These findings imply the repurposing potentials of the FDA-approved drug griseofulvin in designing and developing novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we have summarized the available information from its discovery to recent progress in this growing field. Additionally, explored is the possible mechanism leading to rare hepatitis induced by griseofulvin. We found that griseofulvin and its metabolites, including 6-desmethylgriseofulvin (6-DMG) and 4- desmethylgriseofulvin (4-DMG), have favorable interactions with cytokeratin intermediate filament proteins (K8 and K18), ranging from -3.34 to -5.61 kcal mol-1. Therefore, they could be responsible for liver injury and Mallory body (MB) formation in hepatocytes of human, mouse, and rat treated with griseofulvin. Moreover, the stronger binding of griseofulvin to K18 in rodents than in human may explain the observed difference in the severity of hepatitis between rodents and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Aris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, P.O. Box 450, Station A, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Masoud Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 71961, Iran
| | - Xuhua Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, P.O. Box 450, Station A, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Verta R, Grange C, Skovronova R, Tanzi A, Peruzzi L, Deregibus MC, Camussi G, Bussolati B. Generation of Spike-Extracellular Vesicles (S-EVs) as a Tool to Mimic SARS-CoV-2 Interaction with Host Cells. Cells 2022; 11:146. [PMID: 35011708 PMCID: PMC8750506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and viruses share common features: size, structure, biogenesis and uptake. In order to generate EVs expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on their surface (S-EVs), we collected EVs from SARS-CoV-2 spike expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK-293T) cells by stable transfection with a vector coding for the S1 and S2 subunits. S-EVs were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, ExoView and super-resolution microscopy. We obtained a population of EVs of 50 to 200 nm in size. Spike expressing EVs represented around 40% of the total EV population and co-expressed spike protein with tetraspanins on the surfaces of EVs. We subsequently used ACE2-positive endothelial and bronchial epithelial cells for assessing the internalization of labeled S-EVs using a cytofluorimetric analysis. Internalization of S-EVs was higher than that of control EVs from non-transfected cells. Moreover, S-EV uptake was significantly decreased by anti-ACE2 antibody pre-treatment. Furthermore, colchicine, a drug currently used in clinical trials, significantly reduced S-EV entry into the cells. S-EVs represent a simple, safe, and scalable model to study host-virus interactions and the mechanisms of novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Verta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Renata Skovronova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Adele Tanzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- 2i3T Business Incubator and Technology Transfer, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
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Hayek A, Paccalet A, Mechtouff L, Da Silva CC, Ivanes F, Falque H, Leboube S, Varillon Y, Amaz C, de Bourguignon C, Prieur C, Tomasevic D, Genot N, Derimay F, Bonnefoy‐Cudraz E, Bidaux G, Mewton N, Ovize M, Bochaton T. Kinetics and prognostic value of soluble VCAM-1 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:493-501. [PMID: 33559404 PMCID: PMC8127550 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) is a biomarker of endothelial activation and inflammation. There is still controversy as to whether it can predict clinical outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our aim was to assess the sVCAM-1 kinetics and to evaluate its prognostic predictive value. METHOD We prospectively enrolled 251 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent coronary revascularization in our university hospital. Blood samples were collected at admission, 4, 24, 48 h and 1 month after admission. sVCAM-1 serum level was assessed using ELISA assay. All patients had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1-month for infarct size (IS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment. Clinical outcomes were recorded over 12 months after STEMI. RESULTS sVCAM-1 levels significantly increased from admission up to 1 month and were significantly correlated with IS, LVEF, and LV end-systolic and diastolic volume. (H48 area under curve (AUC) ≥ H48 median) were associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events during the 12-month follow-up period with a hazard ratio (HR) = 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] of ratio = 1.2-5.6, p = .02). The ability of H48 AUC for sVCAM-1 to discriminate between patients with or without the composite endpoint was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics with an AUC at 0.67 (0.57-0.78, p = .004). This ability was significantly superior to H48 AUC creatine kinase (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients, high sVCAM-1 levels are associated with a poor clinical outcome. sVCAM-1 is an early postmyocardial infarction biomarker and might be an interesting target for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hayek
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Alexandre Paccalet
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon UniversityLyonFrance
| | - Claire C. Da Silva
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Fabrice Ivanes
- Faculty of Medicine, Loire Valley Cardiovascular CollaborationUniversity of ToursToursFrance
- Department of Cardiology and FACTCHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Hadrien Falque
- Department of Cardiology, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Simon Leboube
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Yvonne Varillon
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Camille Amaz
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Charles de Bourguignon
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Cyril Prieur
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Danka Tomasevic
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Nathalie Genot
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - François Derimay
- Department of Cardiology, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Eric Bonnefoy‐Cudraz
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
- Clinical Investigation Center and Heart Failure Department, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
- Department of Cardiovascular Functional Exploration, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Thomas Bochaton
- Intensive Cardiological Care Division, Louis Pradel HospitalHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN LaboratoryUniversity of Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier EstBronFrance
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Gelosa P, Castiglioni L, Camera M, Sironi L. Drug repurposing in cardiovascular diseases: Opportunity or hopeless dream? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Güngör Ş, Gökdemir G, Çiçek YG, Topal İO, Canat D. The effect of 25(OH)D on endothelial and immunological markers in Behçet's disease. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 27:254-9. [PMID: 26368304 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1093585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial selectine molecules (ESMs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD). 25(OH)D deficiency may be associated with endothelial and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the 25(OH)D level, and ESMs and TLRs in BD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS BD patients were classified as 25(OH)D deficient (Group 1) and sufficient (Group 2) groups. Vitamin D replacement therapy was given to Group 1, after the last replacement dose blood was again collected. ESMs and TLRs levels were evaluated and compared both between Group 1 and Group 2, and pre- and post-treatment measurements of Group 1. RESULTS The baseline plasma levels of ESMs were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There were not any significant differences in baseline TLRs levels between Group 1 and Group 2. The mean plasma levels of ESMs were significantly lower in post-replacement assessments (p < 0.05). The mean plasma levels of TLRs were lower in post-replacement assessments, but not significantly (p > 0.05). The active stage disease rate was higher in pre-treatment group (36.3%) than post-treatment group (34.6%), but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Although vitamin D replacement in 25(OH)D deficient BD patients may have some beneficial effects on vascular dysfunction, it cannot be considered the primary treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Güngör
- a Dermatology Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gonca Gökdemir
- b Dermatology Department, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Yüksel Gülen Çiçek
- c Clinical Biochemistry, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - İlteriş Oğuz Topal
- a Dermatology Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Dilek Canat
- d Dermatology Department, Esenyurt Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Casella TM, Eparvier V, Mandavid H, Bendelac A, Odonne G, Dayan L, Duplais C, Espindola LS, Stien D. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic secondary metabolites from tropical leaf endophytes: Isolation of antibacterial agent pyrrocidine C from Lewia infectoria SNB-GTC2402. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 96:370-7. [PMID: 24189345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Because of the symbiotic nature of endophytes, this survey aims to investigate the probability of discovering antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities in leaf endophytic microbes. We isolated 138 cultivable microbes (121 fungi, 3 bacteria and 14 unidentified or unknown microbes) from 24 plant species, a significant relative proportion of which exhibited antifungal and cytotoxic potential against Candida albicans ATCC 10213 and the human cell lines KB (uterine cervical carcinoma), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), and MRC5 (normal human lung fibroblasts). Three active fungal extracts were fractionated, resulting in the isolation of eight compounds. Seven had been described in the literature including the following: acremonisol A, semicochliodinol A, cochliodinol, griseofulvin, pyrenocin A, novae zelandin A and alterperylenol. A previously unreported compound named pyrrocidine C was isolated from Lewia infectoria SNB-GTC2402 and identified by spectroscopic analysis. As in pyrrocidines A and B, this compound is a cis-substituted decahydrofluorene with a quaternary carbon at C-5 and opposite stereochemistry at C-8 corresponding to C-6 of pyrrocidines A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Casella
- CNRS - Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France; CNRS, UMR ECOFOG, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, 97300 Cayenne, France; Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Stock ML, Fiedler KJ, Acharya S, Lange JK, Mlynarczyk GSA, Anderson SJ, McCormack GR, Kanuri SH, Kondru NC, Brewer MT, Carlson SA. Antibiotics acting as neuroprotectants via mechanisms independent of their anti-infective activities. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:174-82. [PMID: 23748053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review considers available evidence that some antibiotics have ancillary neuroprotective effects. Notably, β-lactam antibiotics are believed to increase the expression of glutamate transporter GLT1, potentially relieving the neurological excitotoxicity that characterizes disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Minocycline has shown promise in reducing the severity of a number of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, most likely by reducing apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory mediators in the brain. Rapamycin inhibits the activity of a serine/threonine protein kinase that has a role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurologic diseases. Herein we examine the unique neuroprotective aspects of these drugs originally developed as anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2028 VetMed, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Bellik Y, Boukraâ L, Alzahrani HA, Bakhotmah BA, Abdellah F, Hammoudi SM, Iguer-Ouada M. Molecular mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of phytochemicals: an update. Molecules 2012; 18:322-53. [PMID: 23271469 PMCID: PMC6269762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resort worldwide to edible medicinal plants for medical care has increased significantly during the last few years. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents to reduce the risk of many diseases. The activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has now been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases, while data from numerous studies underline the importance of phytochemicals in inhibiting the pathway that activates this transcription factor. Moreover, the incidence of type I allergic disorders has been increasing worldwide, particularly, the hypersensitivity to food. Thus, a good number of plant products with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity have been documented, but very few of these compounds have reached clinical use and there is scant scientific evidence that could explain their mode of action. Therefore, this paper intends to review the most salient recent reports on the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of phytochemicals and the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuva Bellik
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University, Béjaia 06000, Algeria; E-Mail:
| | - Laïd Boukraâ
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +213-795-306-930
| | - Hasan A. Alzahrani
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balkees A. Bakhotmah
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences, Arts and Design College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatiha Abdellah
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Si M. Hammoudi
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Mokrane Iguer-Ouada
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University, Béjaia 06000, Algeria; E-Mail:
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Sari I, Yuksel A, Kozaci D, Selcuk S, Gokce G, Yildiz Y, Demirel H, Sop G, Alacacioglu A, Gunay N, Akkoc N. The Effect of Regular Colchicine Treatment on Biomarkers Related with Vascular Injury in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Inflammation 2012; 35:1191-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gignoux C, Newton AF, Barthelme A, Lewis W, Alcaraz ML, Stockman RA. Combining two-directional synthesis and tandem reactions: a short formal synthesis of halichlorine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:67-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Paclitaxel Impairs Endothelial Cell Adhesion But Not Cytokine-Induced Cellular Adhesion Molecule Expression. Ann Vasc Surg 2005; 19:398-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10016-005-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Asahina A, Tada Y, Nakamura K, Tamaki K. Griseofulvin has a potential to modulate the expression of cell adhesion molecules on leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:75-83. [PMID: 11367519 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Griseofulvin has been used as an antifungal drug for many years, but it has recently been shown effective for several inflammatory skin diseases. We therefore investigated its putative immunomodulatory roles by flow cytometric analysis of cell adhesion molecules on human leukocytes and human vascular endothelial cells. Griseofulvin downregulated L-selectin expression on neutrophils, but not on lymphocytes, in a dose-dependent manner. Griseofulvin did not affect CD11b/CD18 expression on neutrophils. On human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), griseofulvin inhibited the expression of TNF alpha-induced VCAM-1 dose-dependently, and this inhibition was fully reversible. Similarly, griseofulvin inhibited the induction of VCAM-1 expression on both TNF alpha- and IL-1 alpha-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, it partially inhibited the induction of E-selectin expression, whereas it had a marginal effect on ICAM-1 expression. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of TNF alpha-stimulated HDMEC showed inhibition of VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1 gene transcription. These results indicate potent immunomodulatory properties of griseofulvin, which may be associated with its feature as a microtubule antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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