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Zervou MI, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis GF, Spandidos DA, Niewold TB, Goulielmos GN. Association of endometriosis with Sjögren's syndrome: Genetic insights (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:20. [PMID: 38186322 PMCID: PMC10781419 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with a history of endometriosis have an increased risk of developing various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and celiac disease. There is a potential association between endometriosis and an increased susceptibility for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). SS is a common chronic, inflammatory, systemic, autoimmune, multifactorial disease of complex pathology, with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of this condition. It occurs in 0.5‑1% of the population, is characterized by the presence of ocular dryness, lymphocytic infiltrations and contributes to neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular and dermatological manifestations. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen‑dependent, multifactorial, heterogeneous gynecological disease, affecting ≤10% of reproductive‑age women. It is characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, mainly in the pelvic cavity, and is associated with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and either subfertility or infertility. It is still unclear whether SS appears as a secondary response to endometriosis, or it is developed due to any potential shared mechanisms of these conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore further the biological basis only of the co‑occurrence of these disorders but not their association at clinical basis, focusing on the analysis of the partially shared genetic background between endometriosis and SS, and the clarification of the possible similarities in the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the relevant molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Basil C. Tarlatzis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris F. Grimbizis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Papageorgiou' General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - George N. Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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2
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Clayer E, Frank D, Anderton H, Zhang S, Kueh A, Heim V, Nutt SL, Chopin M, Bouillet P. ZC3H12C expression in dendritic cells is necessary to prevent lymphadenopathy of skin‐draining lymph nodes. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:160-173. [PMID: 35048402 PMCID: PMC9303644 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of RNA‐binding proteins of the CCCH‐containing family in regulating proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammation is increasingly recognized. We have identified ZC3H12C (Regnase‐3) as a potential post‐transcriptional regulator of tumor necrosis factor expression and have investigated its role in vivo by generating Zc3h12c‐deficient mice that express green fluorescent protein instead of ZC3H12C. Zc3h12c‐deficient mice develop hypertrophic lymph nodes. In the immune system, ZC3H12C expression is mostly restricted to the dendritic cell (DC) populations, and we show that DC‐restricted ZC3H12C depletion is sufficient to cause lymphadenopathy. ZC3H12C can regulate Tnf messenger RNA stability via its RNase activity in vitro, and we confirmed the role of Tnf in the development of lymphadenopathy. Finally, we found that loss of ZC3H12C did not impact the outcome of skin inflammation in the imiquimod‐induced murine model of psoriasis, despite Zc3h12c being identified as a risk factor for psoriasis susceptibility in several genome‐wide association studies. Our data suggest a role for ZC3H12C in DC‐driven skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Clayer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- ZAUM – Centre of Allergy and Environment Helmholtz Centre and Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Frank
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Shengbo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Valentin Heim
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH Munich Germany
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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3
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Clark IA. Chronic cerebral aspects of long COVID, post-stroke syndromes and similar states share their pathogenesis and perispinal etanercept treatment logic. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00926. [PMID: 35174650 PMCID: PMC8850677 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic neurological aspects of traumatic brain injury, post‐stroke syndromes, long COVID‐19, persistent Lyme disease, and influenza encephalopathy having close pathophysiological parallels that warrant being investigated in an integrated manner. A mechanism, common to all, for this persistence of the range of symptoms common to these conditions is described. While TNF maintains cerebral homeostasis, its excessive production through either pathogen‐associated molecular patterns or damage‐associated molecular patterns activity associates with the persistence of the symptoms common across both infectious and non‐infectious conditions. The case is made that this shared chronicity arises from a positive feedback loop causing the persistence of the activation of microglia by the TNF that these cells generate. Lowering this excess TNF is the logical way to reducing this persistent, TNF‐maintained, microglial activation. While too large to negotiate the blood‐brain barrier effectively, the specific anti‐TNF biological, etanercept, shows promise when administered by the perispinal route, which allows it to bypass this obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Albert Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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4
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Maydych V, Claus M, Watzl C, Kleinsorge T. Attention to Emotional Information Is Associated With Cytokine Responses to Psychological Stress. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:687. [PMID: 30333720 PMCID: PMC6176093 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mental stress on salivary cytokines and attention to emotional stimuli, as well as associations between stress-induced changes of immune and cognitive parameters. In a randomized order a total of 60 young adults were assigned to one of two stress conditions with varying stress intensity. High stress was induced by a socially evaluated Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). As a low stress task a paper-and-pencil version of PASAT was administered. Salivary cytokines were measured before, 5 min after, and 45 min after completion of the stress task, and were assayed for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Three distinct types of attention – alerting, orienting, and executive control – were measured by the modified Emotional Attention Network Test Integration (E-ANTI). IL-1β and IL-6 increased only in the high-stress group. Significant increases in IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 at 45 min after stress induction (all p’s < 0.05) were observed in both the high-stress and the low-stress group. Alerting attention was positively related to more pronounced increases in IFN-α and TNF-α in both groups. Further, better orienting attention after presentation of negative cues was associated with higher increases in IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-10 in both groups, and higher overall levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70 in the high-stress group. There were no systematic gender differences in cytokine responses. We conclude that attention processes modulate the increases of salivary cytokines after stress exposure, and that these effects depend on stress level, particular attention network, and stimulus valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Maydych
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maren Claus
- Department Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Kleinsorge
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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Aslanipour B, Gülcemal D, Nalbantsoy A, Yusufoglu H, Bedir E. Secondary metabolites from Astragalus karjaginii BORISS and the evaluation of their effects on cytokine release and hemolysis. Fitoterapia 2017; 122:26-33. [PMID: 28827003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new cycloartane sapogenol and a new cycloartane xyloside were isolated from Astragalus karjaginii BORISS along with thirteen known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established as 3-oxo-6α,16β,24(S),25-tetrahydroxycycloartane (1) and 6-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-3β,6α,16β,24(S),25-pentahydroxycycloartane (2) by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments as well as ESIMS and HRMS analyses. The presence of the keto function at position 3 was reported for the first time for cyclocanthogenol sapogenin of Astragalus genus. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of the new compounds (1 and 2) along with the n-BuOH and MeOH extracts of A. karjaginii at two different doses (3 and 6μg) were tested on human whole blood for in vitro cytokine release (IL-2, IL-17A and IFN-γ) and hemolytic activities. The results confirmed that compound 2, a monodesmosidic saponin, had the strongest effect on the induction of both IL-2 (6μg, 6345.41±0.12pg/mL (×5), P<0.001) and a slight effect upon IL-17A (3μg, 5217.85±0.72pg/mL, P<0.05) cytokines compared to the other test compounds and positive controls (AST VII: Astragaloside VII; and QS-21: Quillaja saponin 21). All tested extracts and molecules also induced release of IFN-γ remarkably ranging between 5031.95±0.05pg/mL, P<0.001 for MeOH extract (6μg) and 5877.08±0.06pg/mL, P<0.001 for compound 1 (6μg) compared to QS-21 (6μg, 5924.87±0.1pg/mL, P<0.001). Administration of AST VII and other test compounds did not cause any hemolytic activity, whereas QS-21 resulted a noteworthy hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Aslanipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
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6
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Identification of p38α MAP kinase inhibitors by pharmacophore based virtual screening. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 49:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Cho HC, Yu G, Lee MY, Kim HS, Shin DH, Kim YN. TNF-α polymorphisms and coronary artery disease: Association study in the Korean population. Cytokine 2013; 62:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rieser E, Cordier SM, Walczak H. Linear ubiquitination: a newly discovered regulator of cell signalling. Trends Biochem Sci 2013; 38:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Eaton HE, Ferreira Lacerda A, Desrochers G, Metcalf J, Angers A, Brunetti CR. Cellular LITAF interacts with frog virus 3 75L protein and alters its subcellular localization. J Virol 2013; 87:716-23. [PMID: 23097445 PMCID: PMC3554103 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iridoviruses are a family of large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that are composed of 5 genera, including the Lymphocystivirus, Ranavirus, Megalocytivirus, Iridovirus, and Chloriridovirus genera. The frog virus 3 (FV3) 75L gene is a nonessential gene that is highly conserved throughout the members of the Ranavirus genus but is not found in other iridoviruses. FV3 75L shows high sequence similarity to a conserved domain found in the C terminus of LITAF, a small cellular protein with unknown function. Here we show that FV3 75L localizes to early endosomes, while LITAF localizes to late endosomes/lysosomes. Interestingly, when FV3 75L and LITAF are cotransfected into cells, LITAF can alter the subcellular localization of FV3 75L to late endosomes/lysosomes, where FV3 75L then colocalizes with LITAF. In addition, we demonstrated that virally produced 75L colocalizes with LITAF. We confirmed a physical interaction between LITAF and FV3 75L but found that this interaction was not mediated by two PPXY motifs in the N terminus of LITAF. Mutation of two PPXY motifs in LITAF did not affect the colocalization of LITAF and FV3 75L but did change the location of the two proteins from late endosomes/lysosomes to early endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Eaton
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Guillaume Desrochers
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Metcalf
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Angers
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Craig R. Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Monteleone I, Federici M, Sarra M, Franzè E, Casagrande V, Zorzi F, Cavalera M, Rizzo A, Lauro R, Pallone F, MacDonald TT, Monteleone G. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 regulates inflammation in human and mouse intestine. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1277-1287.e4. [PMID: 22819866 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3 is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, which regulates tissue inflammation, damage, and repair. We investigated the role of TIMP-3 in intestinal inflammation in human beings and mice. METHODS We used real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to measure levels of TIMP-3 in intestine samples from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and those without (controls). We also analyzed TIMP-3 levels in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) collected from biopsy samples of individuals with or without CD (controls) and then stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, as well as in biopsy samples collected from patients with CD and then incubated with a Smad7 anti-sense oligonucleotide (knock down). LPMCs and biopsy samples from patients with CD were cultured with exogenous TIMP-3 and levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. We evaluated the susceptibility of wild-type, TIMP-3-knockout (TIMP-3-KO), and transgenic (TIMP-3-Tg) mice to induction of colitis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic-acid (TNBS), and the course of colitis in recombinase-activating gene-1-null mice after transfer of wild-type or TIMP-3-KO T cells. RESULTS Levels of TIMP-3 were reduced in intestine samples from patients with CD compared with controls. Incubation of control LPMCs with TGF-β1 up-regulated TIMP-3; knockdown of Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-β1, in biopsy samples from patients with CD increased levels of TIMP-3. Exogenous TIMP-3 reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in CD LPMCs and biopsy samples. TIMP-3-KO mice developed severe colitis after administration of TNBS, whereas TIMP-3-Tg mice were resistant to TNBS-induced colitis. Reconstitution of recombinase-activating gene-1-null mice with T cells from TIMP-3-KO mice increased the severity of colitis, compared with reconstitution with wild-type T cells. CONCLUSIONS TIMP-3 is down-regulated in inflamed intestine of patients with CD. Its expression is regulated by TGF-β1, and knock-down of Smad7 in intestinal tissues from patient with CD up-regulates TIMP-3. Loss or reduction of TIMP-3 in mice promotes development of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Monteleone
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sarra
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zorzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cavalera
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelamaria Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Lauro
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallone
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Cao GF, Xue J, Wan J, Wan Y, Jiang Q, Yao J. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-mediated in vitro human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell migration mainly requires Akt/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but not mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:728-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Mouchlis VD, Melagraki G, Mavromoustakos T, Kollias G, Afantitis A. Molecular Modeling on Pyrimidine-Urea Inhibitors of TNF-α Production: An Integrated Approach Using a Combination of Molecular Docking, Classification Techniques, and 3D-QSAR CoMSIA. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:711-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200579f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Department
of Chemoinformatics, NovaMechanics, Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Institute
of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department
of Chemoinformatics, NovaMechanics, Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus
- Institute
of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
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Ambure PS, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT. 3D-QSAR and molecular docking analysis of biphenyl amide derivatives as p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2012; 16:377-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
In the last decade, the availability of genetically modified animals has revealed interesting roles for phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) as signaling platforms orchestrating multiple cellular responses, both in health and pathology. By acting downstream distinct receptor types, PI3Ks nucleate complex signaling assemblies controlling several biological process, ranging from cell proliferation and survival to immunity, cancer, metabolism and cardiovascular control. While the involvement of these kinases in modulating immune reactions and neoplastic transformation has long been accepted, recent progress from our group and others has highlighted new and unforeseen roles of PI3Ks in controlling cardiovascular function. Hence, the view is emerging that pharmacological targeting of distinct PI3K isoforms could be successful in treating disorders such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, besides inflammatory diseases and cancer. Currently, PI3Ks represent attractive drug targets for companies interested in the development of novel and safe treatments for such diseases. Numerous hit and lead compounds are now becoming available and, for some of them, clinical trials can be envisaged in the near future. In the following sections, we will outline the impact of specific PI3K isoforms in regulating different cellular contexts, including immunity, metabolism, cancer and cardiovascular system, both in physiological and disease conditions.
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Down-regulated NOD2 by immunosuppressants in peripheral blood cells in patients with SLE reduces the muramyl dipeptide-induced IL-10 production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23855. [PMID: 21886831 PMCID: PMC3158772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors are aberrantly expressed of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, for playing immunopathological roles. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the expression and function of the PRR nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD2) in SLE. NOD2 expression in T, B lymphocytes, monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) was assessed in SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometric analysis. Ex vivo production of cytokines from PBMCs upon NOD2 agonist muramyl dipeptide (MDP) stimulation was assessed using Cytometric Bead Array. Over-expression of NOD2 in monocytes was observed in immunosuppressant naïve SLE patients, and was positively associated with longer disease duration. Immunosuppressive therapy was an independent explanatory variable for downregulating NOD2 expression in CD8+ T, monocytes, mDCs and pDCs. Ex vivo basal productions of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were significantly increased in immunosuppressant naïve patients and patients with active disease despite immunosuppressants compared with HCs. Upon MDP stimulaiton, relative induction (%) of cytokines (IL-1β) from PBMC was significantly increased in immunosuppressant naïve patients with inactive disease, and patients with active disease despite immunosuppressant treatment compared with HCs. Immunosuppressant usage was associated with a decreased basal production and MDP induced relative induction (%) of IL-10 in patients with inactive disease compared with immunosuppressant naïve patients and HCs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Bacterial exposure may increase the NOD2 expression in monocytes in immunosuppressant naïve SLE patients which can subsequently lead to aberrant activation of PBMCs to produce proinflammatory cytokines, implicating the innate immune response for extracellular pathogens in the immunopathological mechanisms in SLE. Immunosuppressant therapy may downregulate NOD2 expression in CD8+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, and DCs in SLE patients which subsequently IL-10 reduction, contributing towards the regulation of immunopathological mechanisms of SLE, at the expense of increasing risk of bacterial infection.
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16
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Lee JH. Involvement of T-cell immunoregulation by ochnaflavone in therapeutic effect on fungal arthritis due to Candida albicans. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1209-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Lee JH, Han Y. Antiarthritic effect of lonicerin on Candida albicans arthritis in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:853-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in peptidoglycan-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in mouse peritoneal macrophages: extracellular signal-related kinase, a negative regulator. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:994-1001. [PMID: 21450974 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00541-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) are important host defense mechanisms against pathogens in mononuclear phagocytes. The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages. PGN is a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria that stimulates inflammatory responses both ex vivo and in vivo. PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics. Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited. This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production. In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production. PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1. These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
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Chan HC, Ke LY, Liu CC, Chang LL, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. Increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 mRNA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2010; 26:290-8. [PMID: 20538233 DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(10)70042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) mRNA expression and SOCS1 polymorphisms with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One hundred and eighty-one patients with RA and 96 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The SOCS1 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. SOCS1 polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We found that the expression of SOCS1 mRNA in PBMCs was significantly greater in patients with RA than in healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the expression of SOCS1 mRNA among patients with different disease activities. The increment in SOCS1 mRNA after stimulation with various cytokines was slightly lower in the patients with RA than in the healthy controls. This study also demonstrated that the SOCS1 polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to RA. In conclusion, the expression of SOCS1 mRNA in PBMCs is higher in patients with RA than in healthy controls. The increment in SOCS1 mRNA expression in PBMCs after stimulation with different cytokines seems to be lower in patients with RA than in healthy controls.
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Ghigo A, Damilano F, Braccini L, Hirsch E. PI3K inhibition in inflammation: Toward tailored therapies for specific diseases. Bioessays 2010; 32:185-196. [PMID: 20162662 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the availability of genetically modified animals has enabled the discovery of interesting roles for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kgamma) and -delta (PI3Kdelta) in different cell types orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, these PI3K isoforms appear to be attractive drug targets for the treatment of diseases caused by unrestrained immune reactions. Currently, pharmacological targeting of PI3Kgamma and/or PI3Kdelta represents one of the most promising challenges for companies interested in the development of novel safe treatments for inflammatory diseases. In this review we provide a general outline of PI3Kgamma- and PI3Kdelta-specific functions in distinct subsets of inflammatory cells. We also discuss the therapeutic impact of novel compounds targeting PI3Kgamma, PI3Kdelta or both, in mouse models of autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis), respiratory diseases (allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and cardiovascular dysfunctions (atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Damilano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Braccini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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21
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Chatterjee K. Host genetic factors in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. J Genet 2010; 89:109-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-010-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Bai J, Jiang L, Lin M, Zeng X, Wang Z, Chen Q. Association of Polymorphisms in the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-10 Genes With Oral Lichen Planus: A Study in a Chinese Cohort With Han Ethnicity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 29:381-8. [PMID: 19450147 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Bai
- Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Jang EJ, Nahm DH, Jang YJ. Mouse monoclonal autoantibodies penetrate mouse macrophage cells and stimulate NF-κB activation and TNF-α release. Immunol Lett 2009; 124:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Tzang BS, Chiu CC, Tsai CC, Lee YJ, Lu IJ, Shi JY, Hsu TC. Effects of human parvovirus B19 VP1 unique region protein on macrophage responses. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:13. [PMID: 19272185 PMCID: PMC2653524 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activity of secreted phospholipase A (sPLA2) has been implicated in a wide range of cellular responses. However, little is known about the function of human parvovirus B19-VP1 unique region (VP1u) with sPLA2 activity on macrophage. Methods To investigate the roles of B19-VP1u in response to macrophage, phospholipase A2 activity, cell migration assay, phagocytosis activity, metalloproteinase assay, RT-PCR and immunoblotting were performed. Results In the present study, we report that migration, phagocytosis, IL-6, IL-1β mRNA, and MMP9 activity are significantly increased in RAW264.7 cells by B19-VP1u protein with sPLA2 activity, but not by B19-VP1uD175A protein that is mutated and lacks sPLA2 activity. Additionally, significant increases of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK proteins were detected in macrophages that were treated with B19-VP1u protein, but not when they were treated with B19-VP1uD175A protein. Conclusion Taken together, our experimental results suggest that B19-VP1u with sPLA2 activity affects production of IL-6, IL-1β mRNA, and MMP9 activity, possibly through the involvement of ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. These findings could provide clues in understanding the role of B19-VP1u and its sPLA2 enzymatic activity in B19 infection and B19-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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25
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Fang Y, Sharp GC, Braley-Mullen H. Interleukin-10 promotes resolution of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:1591-602. [PMID: 18467701 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT) is induced by mouse thyroglobulin-sensitized splenocytes activated in vitro with mouse thyroglobulin and interleukin (IL)-12. Thyroid lesions reach maximal severity 20 days after cell transfer, and inflammation either resolves or progresses to fibrosis by day 60 depending on the extent of thyroid damage at day 20. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells inhibits G-EAT resolution. Our previous studies indicated that IL-10 was generally higher in G-EAT thyroids that resolved. Using both wild-type and IL-10(-/-) CBA/J mice, this study was undertaken to determine whether G-EAT resolution would be inhibited in the absence of IL-10. The results showed that either depletion of CD8(+) T cells or IL-10 deficiency increased fibrosis and inhibited resolution of inflammation. We also found a correlation between higher expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and preferential expression levels of proapoptotic molecules, such as FasL and TRAIL, and antiapoptotic molecules, such as FLIP and Bcl-xL, in inflammatory cells from thyroids of both CD8-depleted and IL-10-deficient mice. Furthermore, many of the CD8(+) T cells were also IL-10(+). These results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role in G-EAT resolution and might promote resolution, at least in part, through its production in CD8(+) T cells. Further understanding of the mechanisms that promote the resolution of inflammation will facilitate the development of novel strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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26
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Sarma R, Sinha S, Ravikumar M, Kishore Kumar M, Mahmood SK. Pharmacophore modeling of diverse classes of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2870-6. [PMID: 18406015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) p38 kinase is a serine-threonine protein kinase and its inhibitors are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacophore models were developed using HypoGen program of Catalyst with diverse classes of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. The best pharmacophore hypothesis (Hypo1) with hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA), hydrophobic (HY), hydrogen-bond donor (HBD), and ring aromatic (RA) as features has correlation coefficient of 0.959, root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 1.069 and configuration cost of 14.536. The model was validated using test set containing 119 compounds and had high correlation coefficient of 0.851. The results demonstrate that results obtained in this study can be considered to be useful and reliable tools in identifying structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Sarma
- Biocampus, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. S-1, Phase-1, Technocrats Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, A.P., India.
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27
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Song JD, Lee SK, Kim KM, Kim JW, Kim JM, Yoo YH, Park YC. Redox factor-1 mediates NF-kappaB nuclear translocation for LPS-induced iNOS expression in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Immunology 2007; 124:58-67. [PMID: 18028373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-sensitive transcriptional regulator redox factor-1 (Ref-1) is induced by oxidative stress and protects cells against it. However, the function of Ref-1 in regulating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in macrophages has not been defined. We investigated the role of Ref-1 related to the regulation of NO synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. LPS stimulates the up-regulation and nuclear translocation of Ref-1 in macrophages. Importantly, Ref-1-deficient macrophages using a small interfering RNA did not stimulate inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression as well as nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation by stimulation with LPS. When the cells were pretreated with diphenyleneiodonium or p47(phox) small interfering RNA for inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity, LPS did not stimulate the nuclear translocation of Ref-1. We next asked whether reactive oxygen species are sufficient for the nuclear translocation of Ref-1 in macrophages. The direct use of H2O2 stimulated the translocation to the nucleus of nuclear factor-kappaB, but not Ref-1 and antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine did not inhibit the LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of Ref-1. These data suggest that Ref-1 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages requires the activation of other signalling molecules aside from reactive oxygen species followed by the activation of NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Dong Song
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There have recently been fewer publications describing novel cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. In the present review we focus on cytokines not previously implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The detection of IL-17 and factors that drive the differentiation and expansion of ThIL-17 cells, particularly in mouse models, clearly place IL-17 as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. The emergence of other novel cytokines, notably IL-20 and IL-22, is of interest, not least by displaying proinflammatory effects particularly on fibroblasts - in contrast to their family member IL-10, the most potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-32 is also of interest, with proinflammatory effects both on myeloid and nonmyeloid cells. SUMMARY It is unclear whether the novel cytokines described in the present review will influence clinical practise. The involvement of IL-17 in murine arthritis may not translate as effectively to human arthritis - the ultimate test is a clinical trial in humans. The lack of efficacy of a recent anti-MCP-1/CCL-2 trial in rheumatoid arthritis highlights this dilemma. Finally, while technological advances including microarray analysis have broadened the scope for cytokine detection in rheumatoid arthritis, these methods have yet to translate to therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionula Brennan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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29
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Cheng H, Xia B, Guo Q, Zhang L, Wang F, Jiang L, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li C. Sinomenine attenuates 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:604-11. [PMID: 17386408 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum. It was demonstrated that sinomenine had anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in the previous studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate therapeutic effects of sinomenine on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice. Two hours following colonic instillation of TNBS, sinomenine with several doses (30, 100, 200 mg/kg) was given by gastric gavage once daily for 7 days. Comparing with the saline-treated mice with TNBS-induced colitis, sinomenine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg)-treated mice with TNBS-induced colitis were shown improvements of weight loss, macroscopic score, histological score, and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, treatments with sinomenine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) decreased the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) caused by TNBS. Our findings suggest that sinomenine attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in mice and the therapeutic mechanism might be related to the reduction of up-regulated colonic TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production caused by TNBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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30
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Das SN, Baniasadi V, Kapuria V. Association of ?308 TNF-? promoter polymorphism with type 1 diabetes in North Indians. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 33:411-6. [PMID: 17117950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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31
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Morjaria S, Deleuze-Masquefa C, Lafont V, Gayraud S, Bompart J, Bonnet PA, Dornand J. Impairment of TNF-alpha production and action by imidazo[1,2- alpha] quinoxalines, a derivative family which displays potential anti-inflammatory properties. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:525-38. [PMID: 17026837 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we analysed the synthesis and properties of a series of imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines designed in our laboratory as possible imiquimod analogues. We found that these imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines were in fact potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 enzymes (PDE4). PDE4 inhibition normally results in an increase in intracellular cAMP which, in PBMC, induces the suppression of TNF-alpha mRNA transcription and thus cytokine synthesis. Such an effect is antagonistic to that of imiquimod. Furthermore, some TNF-alpha-induced activity, such as cell apoptosis which is dependent on the intracellular cAMP levels might also be affected. Therefore, by counteracting the properties of TNF-alpha and/or its production, the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines could be considered as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study was performed to confirm or refute this hypothesis. For this, we characterized the effects of imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines both on TNF-alpha activity and synthesis in regard to their ability to act as inhibitors of PDE4 (IPDE4). We found that the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines dose-dependently prevented the TNF-alpha-triggered death of L929 cells, with the 8-series (-NHCH3 in R4) being the most potent. Moreover, when the effect of the 8-series on TNF-alpha production was investigated using gamma9delta2 T cells, it was observed that these compounds impaired the TCR:CD3-triggered TNF-alpha production. Structure-activity analysis revealed that these properties of the drugs did not coincide with their IPDE4 properties. This prompted further exploration into other signalling mechanisms possibly involved in TNF-alpha action and production, notably the p38 MAPK and the PI3K pathway. We demonstrate here that the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines targeted these pathways in a different way: they activated the p38 MAPK pathway whilst inhibiting the PI3K pathway. Such effects on cell signalling could account for the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines effects on 1) action and 2) production of TNF-alpha, which define these drugs as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morjaria
- INSERM U431, University of Montpellier, France
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Selvam S, Thomas PB, Hamm-Alvarez SF, Schechter JE, Stevenson D, Mircheff AK, Trousdale* MD. Current status of gene delivery and gene therapy in lacrimal gland using viral vectors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:1243-57. [PMID: 17056149 PMCID: PMC1773022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery is one of the biggest challenges in the field of gene therapy. It involves the efficient transfer of transgenes into somatic cells for therapeutic purposes. A few major drawbacks in gene delivery include inefficient gene transfer and lack of sustained transgene expression. However, the classical method of using viral vectors for gene transfer has circumvented some of these issues. Several kinds of viruses, including retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, and herpes simplex virus, have been manipulated for use in gene transfer and gene therapy applications. The transfer of genetic material into lacrimal epithelial cells and tissues, both in vitro and in vivo, has been critical for the study of tear secretory mechanisms and autoimmunity of the lacrimal gland. These studies will help in the development of therapeutic interventions for autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome and dry eye syndromes which are associated with lacrimal dysfunction. These studies are also critical for future endeavors which utilize the lacrimal gland as a reservoir for the production of therapeutic factors which can be released in tears, providing treatment for diseases of the cornea and posterior segment. This review will discuss the developments related to gene delivery and gene therapy in the lacrimal gland using several viral vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram Selvam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Ocular Surface Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Padmaja B. Thomas
- Ocular Surface Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joel E. Schechter
- Ocular Surface Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Douglas Stevenson
- Ocular Surface Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Austin K. Mircheff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Melvin D. Trousdale*
- Ocular Surface Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Corresponding Author: Doheny Eye Institute, 1450 San Pablo Street, #204, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA, Tel.: +1 323 442 6610, Fax: +1 323 442 6688, E-mail: (Melvin D. Trousdale)
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Luan HY, Tang SJ, Yang W, Tsai CY, Sun GH, Sun KH. Monoclonal anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies cross-react with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 and inhibit the expression and production of IL-2 in activated Jurkat T cell line. Clin Immunol 2006; 120:326-34. [PMID: 16857429 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-double strand DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) involve in lupus nephritis. However, their role in tissue damage mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a 45-kDa cognate antigen of anti-dsDNA monoclonal antibodies 9D7 was identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and determined to be human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) by MALDI-TOF analysis. The binding of 9D7 to PGK-1 was not affected by DNase I but was inhibited by thymus dsDNA. Human SLE sera with high anti-dsDNA titers had a high affinity with PGK. In activated Jurkat T cells, 9D7 decreased the PGK-1 mRNA production and IL-2 promoter activity. Reduction in IL-2 gene expression and protein production were observed in the 9D7-treated cells. Because PGK-1 deficiency may cause mental tardy and hemolytic anemia, interaction between anti-dsDNA and PGK-1 may be important in lupus pathogenesis. Moreover, reduction in IL-2 production by anti-dsDNA suggests their role in increasing infection rate and decreasing proper generation of activation-induced cell death.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Cross Reactions
- Cytokines/genetics
- DNA/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Jurkat Cells
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Mice
- Phosphoglycerate Kinase/genetics
- Phosphoglycerate Kinase/immunology
- Phosphoglycerate Kinase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Luan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taiwan
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34
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Sabat M, Vanrens JC, Clark MP, Brugel TA, Maier J, Bookland RG, Laufersweiler MJ, Laughlin SK, Golebiowski A, De B, Hsieh LC, Walter RL, Mekel MJ, Janusz MJ. The development of novel C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purines as inhibitors of TNF-α production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4360-5. [PMID: 16750367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purine based inhibitors of TNF-alpha production are described. The most potent analogs showed low nanomolar activity against LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in a THP-1 cell based assay. The SAR of the series was optimized with the aid of X-ray co-crystal structures of these inhibitors bound with mutated p38 (mp38).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sabat
- Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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35
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Carrick DM, Chulada P, Donn R, Fabris M, McNicholl J, Whitworth W, Blackshear PJ. Genetic variations in ZFP36 and their possible relationship to autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2006; 26:182-96. [PMID: 16546352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ZFP36 gene codes for TTP, a regulator of TNF alpha. In mice, TTP deficiency results in a systemic autoimmune inflammatory syndrome with severe arthritis. We hypothesized that genetic variations in ZFP36 are associated with autoimmune disease in humans. The primary objective of this study was to identify human ZFP36 genetic variants in autoimmune disease cases and controls, determine their frequencies in a general clinic population, and construct haplotypes. We resequenced ZFP36 in 316 individuals with autoimmune diseases and identified 28 polymorphisms and determined the frequency of all the known ZFP36 polymorphisms in 484 participants of the Environmental Polymorphism Registry, a regional registry being conducted by the NIEHS. Based on the sequence-verified ZFP36 genotypes, 34 haplotypes were constructed. As a secondary objective, we examined autoimmune disease cases and controls for potential ZFP36 genetic associations. One novel polymorphism, ZFP36*8, a C to T transition in the protein coding domain, was significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in African-Americans (RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.11-1.36). The data presented here suggest a tentative association between ZFP36 and RA. This finding, as well as the ZFP36 polymorphisms and haplotypes identified here, should form the basis for future association studies in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mercatante Carrick
- Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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36
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Clark MP, Bookland RG. Pyrazolones as therapeutics for kinase-mediated inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.11.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Muià C, Genovese T, Menegazzi M, Zaffini R, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S. Green tea polyphenol extract attenuates lung injury in experimental model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. Respir Res 2005; 6:66. [PMID: 15987519 PMCID: PMC1177993 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigate the effects of the green tea extract in an animal model of acute inflammation, carrageenan-induced pleurisy. We report here that green tea extract (given at 25 mg/kg i.p. bolus 1 h prior to carrageenan), exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in an animal model of acute inflammation in vivo. Injection of carrageenan (2%) into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity that contained many neutrophils (PMNs), an infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and increased production of nitrite/nitrate, tumour necrosis factor alpha. All parameters of inflammation were attenuated by green tea extract treatment. Furthermore, carrageenan induced an up-regulation of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, as well as nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) formation, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. Staining for the ICAM-1, nitrotyrosine, and PARS was reduced by green tea extract. Our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with green tea extract exerts a protective effect and offers a novel therapeutic approach for the management of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Muià
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaela Zaffini
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hisanory Suzuki
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
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38
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Laughlin SK, Clark MP, Djung JF, Golebiowski A, Brugel TA, Sabat M, Bookland RG, Laufersweiler MJ, VanRens JC, Townes JA, De B, Hsieh LC, Xu SC, Walter RL, Mekel MJ, Janusz MJ. The development of new isoxazolone based inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2399-403. [PMID: 15837333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-3-pyridyl and 4-aryl-3-pyrimidinyl based tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, which contain a novel isoxazolone five-membered heterocyclic core are described. Many showed sub-micromolar activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Laughlin
- Health Care Research Center, Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
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39
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Chen SH, Benveniste EN. Oncostatin M: a pleiotropic cytokine in the central nervous system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 15:379-91. [PMID: 15450253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, has yet to be well studied, especially in the context of the central nervous system (CNS). The biological functions of OSM are complex and variable, depending on the cellular microenvironment. Inflammatory responses and tumor development are among two of the major events that OSM is involved in. Although OSM levels remain low in the normal CNS, elevated expression occurs in pathological conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the regulation of OSM to control its expression and/or its effects. Accumulating data demonstrate that OSM binds to specific receptor complexes, then activates two major signaling pathways: Janus Kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK-STAT) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), to regulate downstream events. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of OSM, the signaling pathways of OSM in the CNS, and OSM involvement in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, MCLM 386, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA.
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40
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Sun KH, Tang SJ, Chen CY, Lee TP, Feng CK, Yu CL, Sun GH. Monoclonal ribosomal P autoantibody inhibits the expression and release of IL-12, TNF-α and iNOS in activated RAW macrophage cell line. J Autoimmun 2005; 24:135-43. [PMID: 15829406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal ribosomal P protein antibody (anti-P mAb) may bind to the cell surface, penetrate into cells, and induce apoptosis of Jurkat T cells. Recently, modulation of cytokines has been considered to be important in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). In this study, effects of anti-P mAbs (9B6) on gene expression of cytokines, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 were analyzed by RT-PCR and ELISA and those on IL-12 promoter activity was determined in an IL-12p40 promoter-reporter gene transfected cell line RAW (IL-12p40-SEAP). After treating LPS-activated RAW 264.7 with 9B6 for 6 or 24 h, the levels of mRNA and protein expression of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and iNOS were significantly inhibited by 25%, 16%, and 13%, respectively. The IL-12 promoter activity of RAW (IL-12p40-SEAP) was also inhibited by 13-22%. However, inhibitory effects were not observed in cells pre-treated with IgG1 for 1 h. The productions of IL-10 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 and human macrophages were potentiated by 9B6 up to 65% and 51%, respectively. Since anti-P Abs inhibit productions of IL-12 and TNF-alpha and enhance IL-10 production in macrophages, these autoantibodies may augment Th2 responses and amplify lupus manifestations by causing immunological polarity and lymphocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hui Sun
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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41
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42
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Laufersweiler MJ, Brugel TA, Clark MP, Golebiowski A, Bookland RG, Laughlin SK, Sabat MP, Townes JA, VanRens JC, De B, Hsieh LC, Heitmeyer SA, Juergens K, Brown KK, Mekel MJ, Walter RL, Janusz MJ. The development of novel inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production based on substituted [5,5]-bicyclic pyrazolones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:4267-72. [PMID: 15261284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel substituted [5,5]-bicyclic pyrzazolones are presented as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. Many of these compounds show low nanomolar activity against lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production in THP-1 cells. This class of molecules was co-crystallized with mutated p38, and several analogs showed good oral bioavailability in the rat. Oral activity of these compounds in the rat iodoacetate model for osteoarthritis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Laufersweiler
- Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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43
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Xiao Z, Varma S, Xiao YD, Tropsha A. Modeling of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors using the Catalyst HypoGen and k-nearest neighbor QSAR methods. J Mol Graph Model 2005; 23:129-38. [PMID: 15363455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Revised: 05/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have employed in parallel the Catalyst HypoGen pharmacophore modeling approach and the variable selection k-nearest neighbor quantitative structure-activity relationship (kNN QSAR) method to model a diverse data set of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors. The HypoGen pharmacophore model, developed from a novel automated training set selection protocol, identified chemical functional features that were characteristic of the active compounds and differentiated the active from the inactive inhibitors. The kNN QSAR modeling employed topological descriptors and afforded predictive QSAR models with consistently high values of both leave-one-out cross-validated R2 for the training set and predictive R2 for the test set. The results of both modeling approaches were sensitive to the selection of the training and test sets used for model development and validation. The resulting Catalyst pharmacophore and kNN QSAR models can be used concurrently for rapid virtual screening of chemical databases to identify novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xiao
- The Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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44
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Townes JA, Golebiowski A, Clark MP, Laufersweiler MJ, Brugel TA, Sabat M, Bookland RG, Laughlin SK, VanRens JC, De B, Hsieh LC, Xu SC, Janusz MJ, Walter RL. The development of new bicyclic pyrazole-based cytokine synthesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4945-8. [PMID: 15341957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-5-pyrimidyl-based cytokine synthesis inhibitors of TNF-alpha production, which contain a novel bicyclic pyrazole heterocyclic core, are described. Many of these inhibitors showed low nanomolar activity against LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in a THP-1 cell-based assay and against human p38 alpha MAP kinase in an isolated enzyme assay. The X-ray crystal structure of a bicyclic pyrazole inhibitor co-crystallized with mutated p38 (mp38) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Townes
- Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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45
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Clark MP, Laughlin SK, Laufersweiler MJ, Bookland RG, Brugel TA, Golebiowski A, Sabat MP, Townes JA, VanRens JC, Djung JF, Natchus MG, De B, Hsieh LC, Xu SC, Walter RL, Mekel MJ, Heitmeyer SA, Brown KK, Juergens K, Taiwo YO, Janusz MJ. Development of orally bioavailable bicyclic pyrazolones as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2724-7. [PMID: 15139749 DOI: 10.1021/jm049968m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-Aryl-3-pyrimidinyl based tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, which contain a novel bicyclic pyrazolone core, are described. Many showed low-nanomolar activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in monocytic cells. Secondary screening data are presented for the pyrimidinyl bicyclic pyrazolones. Several of these analogues showed good oral bioavailability in rat and efficacy in the rat iodoacetate in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Clark
- Health Care Research Center, Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA.
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46
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Park YJ, Park H, Park MH. TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms and extended HLA and TNF-alpha haplotypes in Koreans based on 100 families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:75-9. [PMID: 14651527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated five single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter, the distribution of five-locus TNF-alpha haplotypes, and extended human leukocyte antigen (HLA)/TNF-alpha haplotypes in 200 parents from 100 unrelated Korean families. TNF-alpha SNPs were typed using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The frequencies of -1031C, -863A, -857T, -308A, and -238A alleles were 0.185, 0.145, 0.140, 0.060, and 0.040, respectively. The allele frequencies in Koreans were similar to those of Japanese. A total of five TNF-alpha haplotypes (-1031/-863/-857/-308/-238) were detected in 196 parents: TCCGG (frequency 0.617), CACGG (0.143), TCTGG (0.143), TCCAG (0.061), and CCCGA (0.036). Five most common extended HLA/TNF-alpha haplotypes (frequencies >0.020) accounted for 16% (63/392) of the total haplotypes. A total of 223 HLA haplotypes and 239 HLA/TNF-alpha haplotypes were detected, indicating that most HLA haplotypes are exclusively associated with particular TNF-alpha haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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Steinfeld S, Simonart T. New approaches to the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome: soon beyond symptomatic relief? Dermatology 2003; 207:6-9. [PMID: 12835540 DOI: 10.1159/000070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by destruction and dysfunction of the salivary and lachrymal glands. Systemic manifestations occur in almost one third of patients with SS. Treatment of SS has been long considered as disappointing, being mainly restricted to local management with artificial tears and oral lubricants or to the use of immunosuppression-based therapies for systemic disease. Better knowledge of the pathogenesis of SS, including the role of retroviruses and cytokines and the discovery of aquaporins, provides new perspectives for the local and systemic management of this disease. Our goal is to focus on these recent therapeutic progresses.
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48
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49
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Zheng XX, Maslinski W, Ferrari-Lacraz S, Strom TB. Cytokines in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune responses-a role of IL-15. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 520:87-95. [PMID: 12613574 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0171-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao Zheng
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Izumi T, Sakaguchi J, Takeshita M, Tawara H, Kato KI, Dose H, Tsujino T, Watanabe Y, Kato H. 1H-Imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives as novel potent TNF-alpha suppressors: synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 1-, 2-and 4-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines or 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2541-50. [PMID: 12757722 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of imiquimod (1), which is known as an interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) inducer, for the aim of finding a novel and small-molecule tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) suppressor and structure-activity relationship (SAR) are described. Structural modification of a imiquimod analogue, 4-amino-1-[2-(1-benzyl-4-piperidyl)ethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline (2), which had moderate TNF-alpha suppressing activity without IFN-alpha inducing activity, led to a finding of 4-chloro-2-phenyl-1-[2-(4-piperidyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline (10) with potent TNF-alpha suppressing activity. The relation between conformational direction of 2-(4-piperidyl)ethyl group at position 1 and TNF-alpha suppressing activity is also demonstrated by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Izumi
- Research Division, R&D Headquarters, Hokuriku Seiyaku Co., Ltd., 37-1-1, Inokuchi, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8555, Japan.
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