1
|
Parker I, Khalil G, Martin A, Martin M, Vanichseni S, Leelawiwat W, McNicholl J, Hickey A, García-Lerma JG, Choopanya K, Curtis KA. Altered Antibody Responses in Persons Infected with HIV-1 While Using Preexposure Prophylaxis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:189-195. [PMID: 33126825 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool, although effectiveness is dependent upon adherence. It is important to characterize the impact of PrEP on HIV antibody responses in people who experience breakthrough infections to understand the potential impact on timely diagnosis and treatment. Longitudinal HIV-1-specific antibody responses were evaluated in 42 people who inject drugs (PWID) from the Bangkok Tenofovir Study (BTS) (placebo = 28; PrEP = 14) who acquired HIV while receiving PrEP. HIV-1 antibody levels and avidity to three envelope proteins (gp41, gp160, and gp120) were measured in the plasma using a customized Bio-Plex (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) assay. A time-to-event analysis was performed for each biomarker to compare the distribution of times at which study subjects exceeded the recent/long-term assay threshold, comparing PrEP and placebo treatment groups. We fit mixed-effects models to identify longitudinal differences in antibody levels and avidity between groups. Overall, longitudinal antibody levels and avidity were notably lower in the PrEP breakthrough group compared to the placebo group. Time-to-event analyses demonstrated a difference in time to antibody reactivity between treatment groups for all Bio-Plex biomarkers. Longitudinal gp120 antibody levels within the PrEP breakthrough group were decreased compared to the placebo group. When accounting for PrEP adherence, both gp120 and gp160 antibody levels were lower in the PrEP breakthrough group compared to the placebo group. We demonstrate hindered envelope antibody maturation in PWID who became infected while receiving PrEP in the BTS, which has significant implications for HIV diagnosis. Delayed maturation of the antibody response to HIV may increase the time to detection for antibody-based tests. Clinical Trial Registration Number, NCT00119106.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Parker
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - George Khalil
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy Martin
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Martin
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Suphak Vanichseni
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Wanna Leelawiwat
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Janet McNicholl
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew Hickey
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - J. Gerardo García-Lerma
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Kelly A. Curtis
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Girard L, Birse K, Holm JB, Gajer P, Humphrys MS, Garber D, Guenthner P, Noël-Romas L, Abou M, McCorrister S, Westmacott G, Wang L, Rohan LC, Matoba N, McNicholl J, Palmer KE, Ravel J, Burgener AD. Impact of the griffithsin anti-HIV microbicide and placebo gels on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome in non-human primates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8059. [PMID: 29795295 PMCID: PMC5966460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical microbicides are being explored as an HIV prevention method for individuals who practice receptive anal intercourse. In vivo studies of these microbicides are critical to confirm safety. Here, we evaluated the impact of a rectal microbicide containing the antiviral lectin, Griffithsin (GRFT), on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome. Using a randomized, crossover placebo-controlled design, six rhesus macaques received applications of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)- or carbopol-formulated 0.1% GRFT gels. Rectal mucosal samples were then evaluated by label-free tandem MS/MS and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, for proteomics and microbiome analyses, respectively. Compared to placebo, GRFT gels were not associated with any significant changes to protein levels at any time point (FDR < 5%), but increased abundances of two common and beneficial microbial taxa after 24 hours were observed in HEC-GRFT gel (p < 2E-09). Compared to baseline, both placebo formulations were associated with alterations to proteins involved in proteolysis, activation of the immune response and inflammation after 2 hours (p < 0.0001), and increases in beneficial Faecalibacterium spp. after 24 hours in HEC placebo gel (p = 4.21E-15). This study supports the safety profile of 0.1% GRFT gel as an anti-HIV microbicide and demonstrates that current placebo formulations may associate with changes to rectal proteome and microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Girard
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Johanna B Holm
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Pawel Gajer
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mike S Humphrys
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - David Garber
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patricia Guenthner
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lin Wang
- Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lisa C Rohan
- Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Janet McNicholl
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garber DA, Mitchell J, Adams D, Guenthner P, Deyounks F, Ellis S, Kelley K, Johnson R, Dobard C, Heneine W, McNicholl J. Development of a repeat-exposure penile SHIV infection model in macaques to evaluate biomedical preventions against HIV. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194837. [PMID: 29584769 PMCID: PMC5870976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile acquisition of HIV infection contributes substantially to the global epidemic. Our goal was to establish a preclinical macaque model of penile HIV infection for evaluating the efficacy of new HIV prevention modalities. Rhesus macaques were challenged once or twice weekly with consistent doses of SHIVsf162P3 (a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus containing HIV env) ranging from 4–600 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose), via two penile routes, until systemic SHIV infection was confirmed. One route exposed the inner foreskin, glans and urethral os to virus following deposition into the prepuce (foreskin) pouch. The second route introduced the virus non-traumatically into the distal urethra only. Single-route challenges resulted in dose-dependent rates of SHIV acquisition informing selection of optimal SHIV dosing. Concurrent SHIV challenges via the prepuce pouch (200 TCID50) and urethra (16 TCID50) resulted in infection of 100% (10/10) animals following a median of 2.5 virus exposures (range, 1–12). We describe the first rhesus macaque repeat-exposure SHIV challenge model of penile HIV acquisition. Utilization of the model should further our understanding of penile HIV infection and facilitate the development of new HIV prevention strategies for men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Garber
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James Mitchell
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Debra Adams
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patricia Guenthner
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Frank Deyounks
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shanon Ellis
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kristen Kelley
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ryan Johnson
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charles Dobard
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Walid Heneine
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Janet McNicholl
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Henning TR, Morris M, Ellis S, Kelley K, Phillips C, Ritter J, Jones T, Nachamkin E, Chen CY, Hong J, Kang J, Patton D, McNicholl J, Papp J, Kersh EN. Development of a rectal sexually transmitted infection (STI) Model in Rhesus macaques using Chlamydia trachomatis serovars E and L 2. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:218-227. [PMID: 28488731 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal STI coinfection models enhance the understanding of rectal HIV transmission risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rhesus macaques (n=9) were exposed to one of three rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) challenges: C. trachomatis L2 (CT-L2 ); C. trachomatis serovar E (CT-E), followed by CT-L2 ; or CT-E, treatment/clearance, then CT-L2 . Infections were monitored by PCR. Weekly blood and rectal secretion/lavage samples were collected for cytokine analyzes and/or epithelial sloughing, occult, and overt blood determinations. RESULTS Chlamydial infections were successfully established in each animal, with varying degrees of persistence. Mucosal IL-1beta was upregulated in animals consecutively infected with CT-E then CT-L2 (P=.05). Epithelial sloughing was also significantly increased post-infection in this group (P=.0003). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates successful rectal infection of rhesus macaques with CT-E and CT-L2 and describes measures of assessing rectal inflammation and pathology. Different infection strategies yield varying inflammatory and pathologic outcomes, providing well-described models for future SIV/SHIV susceptibility studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara R Henning
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christi Phillips
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana Ritter
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tara Jones
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eli Nachamkin
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheng Y Chen
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Kang
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy Patton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet McNicholl
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John Papp
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ellen N Kersh
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Radzio J, Henning T, Jenkins L, Ellis S, Farshy C, Phillips C, Holder A, Kuklenyik S, Dinh C, Hanson D, McNicholl J, Heneine W, Papp J, Kersh EN, García-Lerma JG. Combination Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Prevents Vaginal Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Macaques Harboring Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1541-5. [PMID: 26743846 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections increases susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it is unclear whether the increased risk can reduce the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We investigated whether coinfection of macaques with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis decreases the prophylactic efficacy of oral emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Macaques were exposed to simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) vaginally each week for up to 16 weeks and received placebo or FTC/TDF pericoitally. All animals in the placebo group were infected with SHIV, while 4 of 6 PrEP recipients remained uninfected (P= .03). Oral FTC/TDF maintains efficacy in a macaque model of sexually transmitted coinfection, although the infection of 2 macaques signals a modest loss of PrEP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carol Farshy
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention
| | - Christi Phillips
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention
| | | | - Susan Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - John Papp
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Prevention
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morris M, Aubert RD, Butler K, Henning T, Mitchell J, Jenkins L, Garber D, McNicholl J, Kersh EN. Preclinical evaluation of the immunomodulatory lymphocyte trafficking drug FTY720 for HIV prevention in the female genital mucosa of macaques. J Med Primatol 2015; 43:370-3. [PMID: 25379595 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines and immune cells in the genital mucosa of macaques. This pilot study examined the ability of FTY720 to inhibit HIV acquisition. Systemic treatment with FTY720 failed to prevent or delay vaginal SHIV transmission.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pereira LE, Makarova N, Dobard C, Aubert RD, Srinivasan P, McNicholl J, Smith JM. Development and optimization of a non-enzymatic method of leukocyte isolation from macaque tissues. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:360-3. [PMID: 25379593 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Cell isolation from macaque tissues involves laborious enzymatic digestion. The Medimachine provides a simpler, quicker non-enzymatic method, yielding 1.5–5 million cells/g of vaginal or rectal tissue from pigtailed macaques. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometry analysis of the two methods revealed similar levels of cell viability and most major cell lineage and activation markers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Martin M, Vanichseni S, Suntharasamai P, Sangkum U, Mock PA, Gvetadze RJ, Curlin ME, Leethochawalit M, Chiamwongpaet S, Cherdtrakulkiat T, Anekvorapong R, Leelawiwat W, Chantharojwong N, McNicholl JM, Paxton LA, Kittimunkong S, Choopanya K, Choopanya K, Na Ayudhya SS, Chiamwongpaet S, Kaewnil K, Kitisin P, Kukavejworakit M, Leethochawalit M, Natrujirote P, Simakajorn S, Subhachaturas W, Vanichseni S, Prasittipol B, Sangkum U, Suntharasamai P, Anekvorapong R, Khoomphong C, Koocharoenprasit S, Manomaipiboon P, Manotham S, Saicheua P, Smutraprapoot P, Sonthikaew S, Srisuwanvilai LO, Tanariyakul S, Thongsari M, Wattana W, Yongvanitjit K, Angwandee S, Kittimunkong S, Aueaksorn W, Chaipung B, Chantharojwong N, Chaowanachan T, Cherdtrakulkiat T, Chonwattana W, Chuachoowong R, Curlin M, Disprayoon P, Kamkong K, Kittinunvorakoon C, Leelawiwat W, Linkins R, Martin M, McNicholl J, Mock P, Na-Pompet S, Plipat T, Sa-nguansat A, Sittidech P, Tararut P, Thongtew R, Worrajittanon D, Utenpitak C, Warapornmongkholkul A, Wasinrapee P, Brannon J, Brown M, Gvetadze R, Harper L, Paxton L, Rose C, Hendrix C, Marzinke M. Renal Function of Participants in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study--Thailand, 2005-2012. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:716-24. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
9
|
Kersh EN, Henning T, Vishwanathan SA, Morris M, Butler K, Adams DR, Guenthner P, Srinivasan P, Smith J, Radzio J, Garcia-Lerma JG, Dobard C, Heneine W, McNicholl J. SHIV susceptibility changes during the menstrual cycle of pigtail macaques. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:310-6. [PMID: 24779484 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal changes during menstrual cycling may affect susceptibility to HIV. METHODS We determined the simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition time point in 43 cycling pigtail macaques infected by repeated vaginal virus exposures initiated randomly in the cycle. RESULTS SHIV infection was first detected in the follicular phase in 38 macaques (88%), and in the luteal phase in five macaques (12%), indicating a statistically significant timing difference. Assuming a 7-day eclipse phase, most infections occurred during or following a high-progesterone period associated with menstruation, vaginal epithelium thinning, and suppressed mucosal immunity. CONCLUSIONS This raises questions whether other high-progesterone conditions (pregnancy, hormonal contraception) similarly affect HIV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen N Kersh
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Henning T, Butler K, Mitchell J, Ellis S, Deyounks F, Farshy C, Phillips C, Papp J, Patton D, Caldwell H, Sturdevant G, McNicholl J, Kersh E. Development of a rectal sexually transmitted infection--HIV coinfection model utilizing Chlamydia trachomatis and SHIVSF162p3. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:135-43. [PMID: 24460742 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may increase HIV susceptibility in men who have sex with men (MSM), and Chlamydia trachomatis is prevalent among HIV-positive MSM. To study STIs and HIV infection in MSM, we first evaluated whether cynomolgus macaques can sustain both C. trachomatis and SHIVSF162p3 infections. METHODS Four SHIVSF162p3 -positive male cynomolgus macaques were used (n = 3 rectally inoculated with 10(6) IFU; n = 1 control). Systemic and rectal SHIV RNA levels and cytokines were measured by real-time PCR and Luminex assays, respectively. RESULTS Macaques were successfully Chlamydia infected. Rectal SHIV shedding (P = 0.02 χ(2) ) and levels of G-CSF, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01, Mann-Whitney) in rectal secretions increased following infection. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data successfully demonstrate rectal C. trachomatis-SHIV coinfection in cynomolgus macaques and suggest the feasibility of a rectal C. trachomatis model for SHIV susceptibility and biomedical prevention studies in the context of rectal STIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Henning
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Engel RM, Morris M, Henning T, Ritter JM, Jones TL, Dietz S, Ayers J, Vishwanathan SA, Jenkins L, Zaki S, Wildemeersch D, Garber D, Powell N, Hendry RM, McNicholl J, Kersh EN. Evaluation of pigtail macaques as a model for the effects of copper intrauterine devices on HIV infection. J Med Primatol 2013; 43:349-59. [PMID: 24372425 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting, hormonal contraception may increase HIV risk. Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) could serve as non-hormonal alternatives. We pilot a pigtail macaque model for evaluating HIV susceptibility factors during copper IUD use. METHODS Frameless and flexible GyneFix(®) copper IUDs were surgically implanted into three SHIVSF 162p3 -positive macaques via hysterotomy and monitored for up to 4 months. Four macaques served as non-IUD controls. RESULTS All animals retained the devices without complications. No consistent change in vaginal viral RNA or inflammatory cytokines was seen. Two animals had altered menstrual cycles and experienced marked thinning of vaginal epithelium after IUD insertion. Histological examination of uterine tissue at necropsy revealed endometrial ulceration and lymphocytic inflammation with glandular loss at sites of direct IUD contact. CONCLUSIONS Although the need for insertion surgery could limit its usefulness, this model will allow studies on copper IUDs and SHIV shedding, disease progression, and HIV susceptibility factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Engel
- Animal Resources Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Butler K, Morgan JS, Hanson DL, Adams D, Garcia-Lerma JG, Heneine W, Ellenberger D, Hendry RM, McNicholl J, Johnson WE, Kersh EN. Susceptibility to repeated, low-dose, rectal SHIVSF162P3 challenge is independent of TRIM5 genotype in rhesus macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:1091-4. [PMID: 23461569 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections following repeated, low-dose (RLD), mucal S(H)IV exposures of macaques are used to model sexual HIV exposures for biomedical prevention testing. Different susceptibilities among animals can complicate study designs. In rhesus macaques, TRIM5 alleles Q, CypA, and TFP are resistance factors for infection with some S(H)IV strains, but not for SIVmac239 due to its capsid properties. SIVmac239-derived SHIVSF162P3 has been demonstrated to reproducibly infect mucosally in vaginal and rectal RLD models. To further test the suitability of SHIVSF162P3 for RLD models, we studied the influence of the TRIM5 genotype on susceptibility to rectal RLD infection and on plasma viremia by analyzing 43 male Indian rhesus macaques from control arms of completed studies. The median number of exposures required for infection was three (Q/Q, n=4) (TRIM5 alleles, number of macaques, respectively), four (Q/CypA, n=7), three (TFP/Q, n=15), three (TFP/TFP, n=15), and two (TFP/CypA, n=2); TRIM5(CypA/CypA) was not represented in our study. Median peak viremia (log10 viral copies/ml) in infected animals was 7.4 (Q/Q, n=4), 7.2 (Q/CypA, n=6), 7.3 (TFP/Q, n=13), 7.1 (TFP/TFP, n=15), and 6.5 (TFP/CypA; n=2). Neither susceptibility nor peak viremia was significantly different (log rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively). Rhesus macaques' susceptibility to RLD SHIVSF162P3 is independent of the TRIM5 TFP, CypA, and Q alleles, with the limitation that the power to detect any impact of CypA/CypA and TFP/CypA genotypes was nonexistent or low, due to absence or infrequency, respectively. The finding that TRIM5 alleles do not restrict mucosal infection or ensuing replication rates suggests that SHIVSF162P3 is indeed suitable for RLD experimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debra L. Hanson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Debra Adams
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Walid Heneine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Janet McNicholl
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ellen N. Kersh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsuiki A, Luo W, Henning T, Vishwanathan S, Dinh C, Adams D, Sweeney E, Mitchell J, Bachman S, Sharma P, Powell N, Hendry M, McNicholl J, Kersh E. Evaluation of the lymphocyte trafficking drug FTY720 in vaginal tissues. J Med Primatol 2013; 42:89-100. [PMID: 23311598 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FTY720 is an immunomodulatory agent that reduces lymphocytes in peripheral tissues and circulation. Such agents may be effective as vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention. Systemic or vaginal application of FTY720 may reduce lymphocyte concentrations in genital tissues, reducing HIV target cell numbers. METHODS Five female pigtail macaques received topical vaginal gel FTY720 (n = 2), intravenous (i.v.) FTY720 (n = 2), or placebo gel (n = 1) in this pilot study. Circulating and mucosal lymphocytes and genital mucosa, cytokines, and tissue histology were analyzed to document topical and i.v. FTY720 effects. RESULTS Topical and i.v. FTY720 appeared to decrease the levels of cervicovaginal IL-8, IL-1ra, and genital inflammatory cells. Small sample size precluded statistical analysis. Topical administration had no overt adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces FTY720 as an immunomodulatory agent for the vaginal mucosa, compares topical effects to those of i.v. administration, and provides the basis for future studies involving FTY720 for HIV prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tsuiki
- Division of Scientific Resources, NCEZID, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ratanasuwan W, Jariyasethpong T, Anekthananon T, Intalapaporn P, Kongpatanakul S, Pongnarin P, Wasinrapee P, Chantharojwong N, Raengsakulrach B, Peters PJ, McNicholl J, McConnell MS, Weidle PJ. Association of Nevirapine Levels with Rash or Hepatotoxicity Among HIV-Infected Thai Women. Open AIDS J 2012; 6:266-73. [PMID: 23304252 PMCID: PMC3537114 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601206010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a nested case-control study of Thai women prescribed nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) to determine if development of rash or hepatotoxicity during the first 24 weeks of treatment is associated with plasma nevirapine concentrations. METHOD From May 2005-January 2007, we enrolled 217 women initiating nevirapine-based ART in Thailand. Cases (n = 54) were women who during the first 24 weeks of treatment with nevirapine developed rash (any grade, n = 42) or hepatotoxicity (≥grade 2, n = 22, [10 had both]). Controls were the next enrolled woman who was confirmed not to meet the case definition during the first 24 weeks. Nevirapine concentrations after the two week lead-in dose of 200 mg once daily were compared between cases and controls by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS We found no difference in Week 2 pre-dose nevirapine concentrations: cases median = 3,528 ng/mL (n = 24), controls median = 3,150ng/mL (n = 30), p = 0.5. Cases had higher post-dose nevirapine concentrations (median = 6,150 ng/mL, n = 21) than controls (median = 4,746 ng/mL, n = 20, p = 0.02). When limited to cases who developed a rash at Week 2, we found no differences in the pre-dose (median = 3,270 ng/mL, n = 12, p = 0.9) or post-dose nevirapine concentration (median = 5,443 ng/mL, n = 9, p = 0.4) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We cannot conclude definitively that nevirapine concentrations at two weeks of therapy are associated with rash or hepatotoxicity. It is unlikely that therapeutic drug monitoring at that time will improve identification of patients at risk for rash or hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winai Ratanasuwan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thanomsak Anekthananon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supornchai Kongpatanakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyapat Pongnarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punneeporn Wasinrapee
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health -US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Nartlada Chantharojwong
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health -US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Boonyos Raengsakulrach
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health -US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Michelle S McConnell
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health -US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Paul J Weidle
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Henning T, Fakile Y, Phillips C, Sweeney E, Mitchell J, Patton D, Sturdevant G, Caldwell HD, Secor WE, Papp J, Hendry RM, McNicholl J, Kersh E. Development of a pigtail macaque model of sexually transmitted infection/HIV coinfection using Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and SHIV(SF162P3). J Med Primatol 2011; 40:214-23. [PMID: 21781129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. To model the interaction between STIs and HIV infection, we evaluated the capacity of the pigtail macaque model to sustain triple infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and SHIV(SF162P3). METHODS Seven SHIV(SF162P3) -infected pigtail macaques were inoculated with T. vaginalis only (n = 2), C. trachomatis only (n = 1), both T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis (n = 2), or control media (no STI; n = 2). Infections were confirmed by culture and/or nucleic acid testing. Genital mucosa was visualized by colposcopy. RESULTS Characteristic gynecologic signs were observed for both STIs, but not in control animals. Manifestations were most prominent at days 7-10 post-infection. STIs persisted between 4 and 6 weeks and were cleared with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS These pilot studies demonstrate the first successful STI-SHIV triple infection of pigtail macaques, with clinical presentation of genital STI symptoms similar to those observed in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Henning
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kersh EN, Adams DR, Youngpairoj AS, Luo W, Zheng Q, Cong ME, Aung W, Mitchell J, Otten R, Hendry RM, Heneine W, McNicholl J, Garcia-Lerma JG. T cell chemo-vaccination effects after repeated mucosal SHIV exposures and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19295. [PMID: 21541293 PMCID: PMC3082568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with anti-viral drugs is currently in clinical trials for the prevention of HIV infection. Induction of adaptive immune responses to virus exposures during anti-viral drug administration, i.e., a "chemo-vaccination" effect, could contribute to PrEP efficacy. To study possible chemo-vaccination, we monitored humoral and cellular immune responses in nine rhesus macaques undergoing up to 14 weekly, low-dose SHIV(SF162P3) rectal exposures. Six macaques concurrently received PrEP with intermittent, oral Truvada; three were no-PrEP controls. PrEP protected 4 macaques from infection. Two of the four showed evidence of chemo-vaccination, because they developed anti-SHIV CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; SHIV-specific antibodies were not detected. Control macaques showed no anti-SHIV immune responses before infection. Chemo-vaccination-induced T cell responses were robust (up to 3,940 SFU/10(6) PBMCs), predominantly central memory cells, short-lived (≤22 weeks), and appeared intermittently and with changing specificities. The two chemo-vaccinated macaques were virus-challenged again after 28 weeks of rest, after T cell responses had waned. One macaque was not protected from infection. The other macaque concurrently received additional PrEP. It remained uninfected and T cell responses were boosted during the additional virus exposures. In summary, we document and characterize PrEP-induced T cell chemo-vaccination. Although not protective after subsiding in one macaque, chemo-vaccination-induced T cells warrant more comprehensive analysis during peak responses for their ability to prevent or to control infections after additional exposures. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring these responses in clinical PrEP trials and suggest that a combination of vaccines and PrEP potentially might enhance efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen N Kersh
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Livingston L, Sweeney E, Mitchell J, Luo W, Paul K, Powell N, Michael Hendry R, McNicholl J, Kersh E. Hormonal synchronization of the menstrual cycles of pigtail macaques to facilitate biomedical research including modeling HIV susceptibility. J Med Primatol 2011; 40:164-70. [PMID: 21241313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual cycle synchronization of female pigtail macaques could prove an invaluable resource in studies of the reproductive tract, associated infections, and other potential research fields. We tested whether use of an oral progesterone and estradiol combination tablet could synchronize menstrual cycles following treatment discontinuation. METHODS Daily desogestrel 0.075 mg and ethinyl estradiol 0.01 mg were administered orally to three pigtail macaques at visual onset of perineal sex swelling and were continued until all animals had received it for at least 45 days. The hormones were discontinued, and these three macaques and three controls were observed for menstruation and had blood progesterone and estrogen measured over an additional 2-month period. RESULTS All treatment animals showed spontaneous menstrual cycle synchronization for 2 months after menstrual cycling resumed. CONCLUSION Progesterone and estradiol combination therapy can be used in pigtail macaques to induce synchronized cycling that persists in the absence of on-going hormone treatments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Toledo CA, Varangrat A, Wimolsate W, Chemnasiri T, Phanuphak P, Kalayil EJ, McNicholl J, Karuchit S, Kengkarnrua K, van Griensven F. Examining HIV infection among male sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand: a comparison of participants recruited at entertainment and street venues. AIDS Educ Prev 2010; 22:299-311. [PMID: 20707691 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2010.22.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
HIV prevalence and associated factors were examined among male sex workers (MSWs, N = 414) in Bangkok, Thailand. Cross-sectional venue-day-time sampling was used to collect data in entertainment and street venues. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to identify HIV risk factors. HIV prevalence was 18.8% overall, but differences were found between MSW recruited in entertainment and street venues. Significant relationships were found between several demographic, behavioral, exposure to HIV prevention, and other characteristics, and recruitment location. In multivariate analyses, being sexually attracted to men was significantly associated with HIV infection among both groups of sex workers. In addition, among street-based sex workers, not having had sex with a woman in the past 3 months, having ever had a sexually transmitted disease symptom, and not having a friend to talk to about personal problems were significantly associated with HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Toledo
- Division of HIV/AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Supapol WB, Remis RS, Raboud J, Millson M, Tappero J, Kaul R, Kulkarni P, McConnell MS, Mock PA, Culnane M, McNicholl J, Roongpisuthipong A, Chotpitayasunondh T, Shaffer N, Butera S. Reduced Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of HIV Associated with Infant but not Maternal GB Virus C Infection. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1369-77. [PMID: 18419578 DOI: 10.1086/587488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
20
|
Carrick DM, Chulada P, Donn R, Fabris M, McNicholl J, Whitworth W, Blackshear PJ. Genetic variations in ZFP36 and their possible relationship to autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2006; 26:182-96. [PMID: 16546352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ZFP36 gene codes for TTP, a regulator of TNF alpha. In mice, TTP deficiency results in a systemic autoimmune inflammatory syndrome with severe arthritis. We hypothesized that genetic variations in ZFP36 are associated with autoimmune disease in humans. The primary objective of this study was to identify human ZFP36 genetic variants in autoimmune disease cases and controls, determine their frequencies in a general clinic population, and construct haplotypes. We resequenced ZFP36 in 316 individuals with autoimmune diseases and identified 28 polymorphisms and determined the frequency of all the known ZFP36 polymorphisms in 484 participants of the Environmental Polymorphism Registry, a regional registry being conducted by the NIEHS. Based on the sequence-verified ZFP36 genotypes, 34 haplotypes were constructed. As a secondary objective, we examined autoimmune disease cases and controls for potential ZFP36 genetic associations. One novel polymorphism, ZFP36*8, a C to T transition in the protein coding domain, was significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in African-Americans (RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.11-1.36). The data presented here suggest a tentative association between ZFP36 and RA. This finding, as well as the ZFP36 polymorphisms and haplotypes identified here, should form the basis for future association studies in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mercatante Carrick
- Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kalish ML, Wolfe ND, Ndongmo CB, McNicholl J, Robbins KE, Aidoo M, Fonjungo PN, Alemnji G, Zeh C, Djoko CF, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Burke DS, Folks TM. Central African hunters exposed to simian immunodeficiency virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 11:1928-30. [PMID: 16485481 PMCID: PMC3367631 DOI: 10.3201/eid1112.050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-seronegative Cameroonians with exposure to nonhuman primates were tested for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Seroreactivity was correlated with exposure risk (p<0.001). One person had strong humoral and weak cellular immune reactivity to SIVcol peptides. Humans are exposed to and possibly infected with SIV, which has major public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L Kalish
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hughes LB, Beasley TM, Patel H, Tiwari HK, Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Saag KG, McNicholl J, Moreland LW, Alarcón GS, Bridges SL. Racial or ethnic differences in allele frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and their influence on response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1213-8. [PMID: 16439441 PMCID: PMC1798268 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.046797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-folate drug methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE To determine the allele frequencies of five common coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in African-Americans and Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis and controls to assess whether there are differences in allele frequencies among these ethnic or racial groups and whether these SNPs differentially affect the efficacy or toxicity of MTX. METHODS Allele frequencies in the 677, 1298 and 3 additional SNPs in the MTHFR coding region in 223 (193 Caucasians and 30 African-Americans) patients with rheumatoid arthritis who previously participated in one of two prospective clinical trials were characterised, and genotypes were correlated with the efficacy and toxicity of MTX. Another 308 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis who participated in observational studies, one group predominantly Caucasian and the other African-American, as well as 103 normal controls (53 African-Americans and 50 Caucasians) were used to characterise allele frequencies of these SNPs and their associated haplotypes. RESULTS Significantly different allele frequencies were seen in three of the five SNPs and haplotype frequencies between Caucasians and African-Americans. Allele frequencies were similar between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls of the same racial or ethnic group. Frequencies of the rs4846051C, 677T and 1298C alleles were 0.33, 0.11 and 0.13, respectively, among African-Americans with rheumatoid arthritis. Among Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis, these allele frequencies were 0.08 (p<0.001 compared with African-Americans with rheumatoid arthritis), 0.30 (p = 0.002) and 0.34 (p<0.001), respectively. There was no association between SNP alleles or haplotypes and response to MTX as measured by the mean change in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score from baseline values. In Caucasians, the 1298 A (major) allele was associated with a significant increase in MTX-related adverse events characteristic of a recessive genetic effect (odds ratio 15.86, 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 167.01; p = 0.021), confirming previous reports. There was an association between scores of MTX toxicity and the rs4846051 C allele, and haplotypes containing this allele, in African-Americans, but not in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS : These results, although preliminary, highlight racial or ethnic differences in frequencies of common MTHFR SNPs. The MTHFR 1298 A and the rs4846051 C alleles were associated with MTX-related adverse events in Caucasians and African-Americans, respectively, but these findings should be replicated in larger studies. The rs4846051 SNP, which is far more common in African-Americans than in Caucasians, can also be proved to be a useful ancestry informative marker in future studies on genetic admixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Hughes
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 415 Lyons-Harrison Research Building, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ellenberger D, Wyatt L, Li B, Buge S, Lanier N, Rodriguez IV, Sariol CA, Martinez M, Monsour M, Vogt J, Smith J, Otten R, Montefiori D, Kraiselburd E, Moss B, Robinson H, McNicholl J, Butera S. Comparative immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys of multi-protein HIV-1 (CRF02_AG) DNA/MVA vaccines expressing mature and immature VLPs. Virology 2005; 340:21-32. [PMID: 16023165 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed an AIDS vaccine for Western and West-Central Africa founded on HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG. Rhesus macaques were primed with Gag-Pol-Env-expressing plasmid DNA and boosted with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), expressing matched proteins. Two DNA vaccine constructs (IC1-90 and IC48) that differed by point mutations in gag and pol were compared. IC1-90 produces primarily immature (core comprises unprocessed Pr55Gag) HIV-like particles (VLPs) and IC48 produces mature VLP with processed Pr55Gag, immature VLP, and intracellular protein aggregates. Both vaccines raised significant cellular responses for Gag, Pol, and Env. Approximate twofold higher ELISPOT responses to Gag and Env epitopes were observed for IC48 animals than for IC1-90 animals at the peak post-MVA effector (P = 0.028) and late memory (P = 0.051) phases, respectively. Greater breadth for IC48-primed animals was observed than for IC1-90-primed animals at peak response (P = 0.03). Our results indicated that the vaccines elicited high frequency T cell responses and primed anti-Env antibody. They also suggest that expression of different forms of VLP has a significant effect on elicited cellular and humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Ellenberger
- Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith JM, Amara RR, Wyatt LS, Ellenberger DL, Li B, Herndon JG, Patel M, Sharma S, Chennareddi L, Butera S, McNicholl J, McClure HM, Moss B, Robinson HL. Studies in macaques on cross-clade T cell responses elicited by a DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine, better conservation of CD8 than CD4 T cell responses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2005; 21:140-4. [PMID: 15725752 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2005.21.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the unknowns faced by an HIV/AIDS vaccine is the ability of a single clade vaccine to protect against the multiple genetic subtypes and recombinant forms of HIV-1 present in the current pandemic. Here, we use a macaque model to investigate the ability of our clade B vaccine that consists of DNA priming and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus boosting to elicit T cell responses that recognize an A/G recombinant of HIV-1. To test for cross-reactive T cells, intracellular cytokine staining was conducted using five pools of Gag and six pools of Env peptides representing B or A/G sequences. Studies using the peptide pools revealed essentially complete conservation of the CD8 response but only approximately 50% conservation of the CD4 response. Thus, the ability of an HIV vaccine for one clade to protect against other clades may be more limited by the ability to provide CD4 T cell help than the ability to elicit CD8 effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Smith
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hughes LB, Alarcón GS, Conn D, McNicholl J, Jonas B, Callahan L, Smith E, Gilkeson G, Howard G, Moreland LW, Bridges SL. 361 HLA DRB1 ALLELES IN AFRICAN-AMERICANS WITH EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM 207 SUBJECTS IN THE CLEAR STUDY. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
26
|
Lingappa J, Kuffner T, Tappero J, Whitworth W, Mize A, Kaiser R, McNicholl J. HLA-DQ6 and ingestion of contaminated water: possible gene-environment interaction in an outbreak of Leptospirosis. Genes Immun 2004; 5:197-202. [PMID: 15014429 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that can cause severe multisystem disease. While host gene-environment interactions likely modify infectious disease susceptibility, including for leptopsirosis, this has not been documented. In a 1998 leptospirosis outbreak investigation among triathletes in a lake swim, swallowing lake-water was a disease risk-factor. We used genomic DNA from 85 anonymized blood-sample remainders from that investigation to examine the association of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis with gene polymorphisms (TNF-alpha alleles and serologically defined genotypes for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1). HLA-DQ6-positive triathletes had increased risk of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis (OR=2.8, P=0.04) compared to DQ6-negatives. DQ6-positive triathletes swallowing lake-water had greatest risk (OR 8.46, P< or =0.001). This first report of a genetic risk-factor affecting susceptibility to leptospirosis is also the first documented gene-environment interaction (DQ6 and swallowed water) affecting infectious disease susceptibility. Based on these preliminary findings, we hypothesize a role for superantigens in leptospirosis and underscore the importance of outbreak investigations for understanding infectious disease gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lingappa
- Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kuffner T, Whitworth W, Jairam M, McNicholl J. HLA class II and TNF genes in African Americans from the Southeastern United States: regional differences in allele frequencies. Hum Immunol 2003; 64:639-47. [PMID: 12770797 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of population major histocompatibility complex gene frequencies is important for construction of organ donor pools and for studies of disease association. Human leukocyte antigen DRB1 (HLA-DRB1), HLA-DQB1, and TNFalpha -308 (G-A) promoter genetic typing was performed in 112 healthy, unrelated African Americans (AAs) from the southeastern United States. Allele frequencies were compared with published frequency data from other AA populations. Our AA population had the highest frequency of HLA- DRB1*09 (6.7%) reported in any AA population. The frequency of the TNF alpha -308A polymorphism was also high (14.4%), when compared with published frequencies in AAs. Significant regional differences in the distribution of most HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were observed in all AA populations examined. The AA HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 frequencies also differed from published Caucasian frequencies. This is the first report describing the distribution of TNF alpha promoter alleles in the Southeastern United States. The high DRB1*09 and TNF alpha -308A allele frequencies of our population most resemble the frequencies of these alleles in certain West African populations. These varying major histocompatibility complex gene frequencies may reflect different regional population structures among AAs in the United States, which may be due to differences in ancestral origins, migration, and racial admixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kuffner
- HIV Immunology and Diagnostics Branch, Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Haukim N, Bidwell JL, Smith AJP, Keen LJ, Gallagher G, Kimberly R, Huizinga T, McDermott MF, Oksenberg J, McNicholl J, Pociot F, Hardt C, D'Alfonso S. Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases, supplement 2. Genes Immun 2002; 3:313-30. [PMID: 12209358 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Haukim
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Homoeopathic Hospital Site, Cotham, Bristol BS6 6JU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bridges SL, Jenq G, Moran M, Kuffner T, Whitworth WC, McNicholl J. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor receptor genes: definition of novel haplotypes and racial/ethnic differences. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:2045-50. [PMID: 12209507 DOI: 10.1002/art.10463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize allele frequencies of known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) genes in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), healthy African Americans, and healthy Caucasians. METHODS One TNFRSF1B SNP (196 G/T) that influences susceptibility to familial RA in Caucasians and 3 SNPs in the 5' flanking region of the TNFRSF1A gene (-609G/T, -580A/G, and -383A/C) were genotyped in 108 African Americans with RA, 62 healthy African Americans, and 59 healthy Caucasians. RESULTS There were no differences in TNFRSF1A allele frequencies between African Americans with RA and healthy African Americans. Allele frequencies were strikingly different, however, between healthy African Americans and healthy Caucasians: 0.13 versus 0.42 for -609T, 0.49 versus 0 for -580G, and 0.14 versus 0 for -383C. We identified 4 novel haplotypes defined by the 3 TNFRSF1A SNPs, the distribution of which was markedly different in healthy Caucasians and healthy African Americans (P = 0.000001 by chi-square test-. The frequencies of the TNFRSF1B 196 genotypes were similar in African Americans with RA and healthy African Americans but differed between healthy African Americans and healthy Caucasians (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Although we observed no associations between known TNFR SNPs or haplotypes and RA, significant racial differences were observed at both loci. Comparison of these data with other published frequencies of TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B genotypes according to race suggests that the distribution in African American, Caucasian, and Asian populations differs significantly. These striking racial/ethnic differences in TNFR SNP frequencies may influence the likelihood of familial RA, severe disease, or response to TNF inhibitors and may have important evolutionary implications.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ramos A, Hu DJ, Nguyen L, Phan KO, Vanichseni S, Promadej N, Choopanya K, Callahan M, Young NL, McNicholl J, Mastro TD, Folks TM, Subbarao S. Intersubtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection following seroconversion to primary infection in two injection drug users. J Virol 2002; 76:7444-52. [PMID: 12097556 PMCID: PMC136380 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.15.7444-7452.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe two cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) intersubtype superinfection with CRF01_AE and subtype B strains, which occurred in two injection drug users participating in a prospective cohort study in Bangkok, Thailand. In both cases, the superinfecting strain was detected by molecular and serologic analyses several weeks after complete seroconversion to the primary infection with a strain belonging to a different subtype. Superinfection occurred despite specific T-cell and humoral antibody responses to the primary virus. In both cases, cross-subtype immune responses were limited or absent prior to the second infection. These data show that, in some individuals, the quality and quantity of the immune response elicited by primary HIV-1 infection may not protect against superinfection. This finding has important implications for vaccine design. HIV-1 vaccines, at a minimum, will need to include potent, broadly protective, conserved immunogens derived from several group M subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ramos
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5 and DQB1 polymorphisms were studied using molecular methods in a population of 100 unrelated healthy individuals from an area in north-west Colombia (Medellin) inhabited by the "Paisa", a community with features of a genetically isolated group. The most frequently observed specificities at the DRB1 locus were *07 (16.4%) and *15 (12%), and at the DQB1 locus *02 (18.8%) and *03 (33.6%), of which *0302 was the most prevalent allele (14.3%). The most polymorphic specificities were DRB1*04, 13 and 11, and DQB1*06. Both the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 loci were in linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. The most frequent two locus haplotype was DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (6.6%) and these specificities were in linkage disequilibrium. Several unusual possible haplotypes were observed. Both the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 locus were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Correa
- Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia, South America.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bidwell J, Keen L, Gallagher G, Kimberly R, Huizinga T, McDermott MF, Oksenberg J, McNicholl J, Pociot F, Hardt C, D'Alfonso S. Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases, supplement 1. Genes Immun 2001; 2:61-70. [PMID: 11393658 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2000] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bidwell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Homeopathic Hospital Site, Cotham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Osiri M, McNicholl J, Moreland LW, Bridges SL. A novel single nucleotide polymorphism and five probable haplotypes in the 5' flanking region of the IL-6 gene in African-Americans. Genes Immun 1999; 1:166-7. [PMID: 11196667 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we sequenced a 940 bp region of the 5' flanking region of the IL-6 gene in 63 normal African-Americans. We identified a biallelic (G/C) SNP at position -573 relative to the transcription start site (-573C allele frequency 0.095). This SNP, together with SNPs at -598 and -174, allows identification of five probable haplotypes. Haplotypes containing the -174C allele, which has been associated with lower plasma IL-6 levels, were uncommon (4%). These haplotypes may influence IL-6 gene transcription and thus may contribute to racial differences in the prevalence of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Osiri
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bidwell J, Keen L, Gallagher G, Kimberly R, Huizinga T, McDermott MF, Oksenberg J, McNicholl J, Pociot F, Hardt C, D'Alfonso S. Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases. Genes Immun 1999; 1:3-19. [PMID: 11197303 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathologies of many infectious, autoimmune and malignant diseases are influenced by the profiles of cytokine production in pro-inflammatory (TH1) and anti-inflammatory (TH2) T cells. Interindividual differences in cytokine profiles appear to be due, at least in part, to allelic polymorphism within regulatory regions of cytokine gene. Many studies have examined the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphism, cytokine gene expression in vitro, and the susceptibility to and clinical severity of diseases. A review of the findings of these studies is presented. An on-line version featuring appropriate updates is accessible from the World Wide Web site, http://www.pam.bris.ac.uk/services/GAI/cytokine4.htm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bidwell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Homoeopathic Hospital Site, Cotham, Bristol BS6 6JU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Eskdale J, McNicholl J, Wordsworth P, Jonas B, Huizinga T, Field M, Gallagher G. Interleukin-10 microsatellite polymorphisms and IL-10 locus alleles in rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Lancet 1998; 352:1282-3. [PMID: 9788463 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- J McNicholl
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Olson RR, Reuter JJ, McNicholl J, Alber C, Klohe E, Callahan K, Siliciano RF, Karr RW. Acidic residues in the DR beta chain third hypervariable region are required for stimulation of a DR(alpha, beta 1*0402)-restricted T-cell clone. Hum Immunol 1994; 41:193-200. [PMID: 7868374 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)90036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the minimal requirements for stimulation of an antigen-specific HLA-DR(alpha, beta 1*0402)-restricted T-cell clone (Een217) by using transfectants expressing mutant DR beta chains as APCs. Antigen-specific stimulation of Een217 was induced with transfectants expressing DR(alpha, beta 1*0402) and DR(alpha, beta 1*0403) but not other DR4 subtypes that also bind the peptide recognized by this clone. Analysis of the effects of single amino acid substitutions in the beta chains of each of the DR4 subtypes revealed a requirement for acidic residues in the third HVR, particularly amino acid 71, in stimulation of clone Een217. Functional class II mutants were generated from nonstimulatory DR4 subtype beta chains by acidic residue substitutions within the third HVR. These data define the requirement for negatively charged residues in this region for peptide-induced stimulation of this T-cell clone. The required acidic residues can be located at either position 70, 71, or 74 in the DR beta chain. The negative charge in this segment of the DR beta chain alpha-helix may be required for direct interactions with the T-cell receptor of Een217 or may affect peptide conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Olson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alexander EL, McNicholl J, Watson RM, Bias W, Reichlin M, Provost TT. The immunogenetic relationship between anti-Ro(SS-A)/La(SS-B) antibody positive Sjögren's/lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome and the neonatal lupus syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 93:751-6. [PMID: 2584740 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12284404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have described previously the clinical features of a unique group of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibody positive Sjogren's patients who have cutaneous features of lupus erythematosus, most commonly subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, defined as the Sjogren's/lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome. Three of these patients are also mothers of infants with the neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome, characterized by cutaneous lesions resembling subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus or congenital heart block. Patients with Sjogren's/lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and mothers of infants with the neonatal lupus syndrome characteristically have autoantibodies to Ro(SS-A), and in many cases, La(SS-B) antigens. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that anti-Ro(SS-A)/La(SS-B) positive Sjogren's/lupus overlap patients and mothers of infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome are immunogenetically homogenous and closely related. We report a strong association with HLA-B8, DR3, DQw2, and DRw52 phenotypes and the HLA-B8, DR3, DQw2, DRw52 extended haplotype in both patient cohorts. Furthermore, we describe disease associations with HLA-DR3/DRw6 heterozygotes in both patient groups. These data demonstrate that anti-Ro(SS-A)/La(SS-B) positive Sjogren's/lupus overlap patients and neonatal lupus syndrome mothers are immunogenetically closely related to each other and appear to be more closely related to both primary Sjogren's syndrome and subacute lupus erythematosus, than to classical systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Alexander
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Foley-Nolan D, Deegan R, Foley-Nolan A, Hone R, Barry C, Coughlan RJ, Quinlan W, Wong-Chung J, Doyle J, Mulpeter K, Quinn K, Casey E, Feighery C, Quinn C, Hassan J, Whelan A, Bresnihan B, Soden M, FitzGerald M, Gaine S, O’Laoide RM, Feeley J, McInerney DP, O’Brien M, Donohoe N, Comerford FR, Rooney M, O’Connor DP, Noones D, Weir D, Marron P, Keane C, McNicholl J, Glynes D, Hutchinson M, Murray A, Jackson J. Irish Association of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Proceeding of Meeting held at St Vincent’s Hospital on Friday 30th October, 1987. Ir J Med Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02948318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Carmody E, McNicholl J, Chadwick G, Bresnihan B, Fitzgerald MX. Prolonged spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adult dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis 1987. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.46.7.566-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
41
|
Carmody E, McNicholl J, Chadwick G, Bresnihan B, Fitzgerald MX. Prolonged spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adult dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46:566. [PMID: 3662647 PMCID: PMC1002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
42
|
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) are a well recognised cause of hepatotoxicity. Diclofenac, a relatively new NSAID, was first introduced into the UK in 1979. Five cases of hepatitis have recently been reported, principally in the French literature. We report the first fulminant case of hepatitis in the English literature in a patient taking diclofenac and indomethacin.
Collapse
|