1
|
del Rio ML, de Juan CYD, Roncador G, Caleiras E, Álvarez-Esteban R, Pérez-Simón JA, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. Genetic deletion of HVEM in a leukemia B cell line promotes a preferential increase of PD-1 - stem cell-like T cells over PD-1 + T cells curbing tumor progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113858. [PMID: 37033927 PMCID: PMC10076739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high frequency of mutations affecting the gene encoding Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM, TNFRSF14) is a common clinical finding in a wide variety of human tumors, including those of hematological origin. METHODS We have addressed how HVEM expression on A20 leukemia cells influences tumor survival and its involvement in the modulation of the anti-tumor immune responses in a parental into F1 mouse tumor model of hybrid resistance by knocking-out HVEM expression. HVEM WT or HVEM KO leukemia cells were then injected intravenously into semiallogeneic F1 recipients and the extent of tumor dissemination was evaluated. RESULTS The loss of HVEM expression on A20 leukemia cells led to a significant increase of lymphoid and myeloid tumor cell infiltration curbing tumor progression. NK cells and to a lesser extent NKT cells and monocytes were the predominant innate populations contributing to the global increase of immune infiltrates in HVEM KO tumors compared to that present in HVEM KO tumors. In the overall increase of the adaptive T cell immune infiltrates, the stem cell-like PD-1- T cells progenitors and the effector T cell populations derived from them were more prominently present than terminally differentiated PD-1+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the PD-1- T cell subpopulation is likely to be a more relevant contributor to tumor rejection than the PD-1+ T cell subpopulation. These findings highlight the role of co-inhibitory signals delivered by HVEM upon engagement of BTLA on T cells and NK cells, placing HVEM/BTLA interaction in the spotlight as a novel immune checkpoint for the reinforcement of the anti-tumor responses in malignancies of hematopoietic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa del Rio
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Carla Yago-Diez de Juan
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, National Center for Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Core Unit, National Center for Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Álvarez-Esteban
- Section of Statistics and Operational Research, Department of Economy and Statistics, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio / Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS / CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
del Rio ML, Perez-Simon JA, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. Differential Engraftment of Parental A20 PD-L1 WT and PD-L1 KO Leukemia Cells in Semiallogeneic Recipients in the Context of PD-L1/PD-1 Interaction and NK Cell-Mediated Hybrid Resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887348. [PMID: 35795681 PMCID: PMC9251058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to tumor rejection in the context of programmed death-ligand 1/programmed death 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) blockade is a matter of intense debate. To elucidate the role of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and the functional consequences of engaging PD-1 receptor on cytotoxic cells, PD-L1 expression was genetically inactivated and WT or PD-L1-deficient parental tumor cells were adoptively transferred intravenously into F1 recipients. The engraftment of PD-L1-deficient A20 tumor cells in the spleen and liver of F1 recipients was impaired compared with A20 PD-L1 WT tumor counterparts. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for this differential tumor engraftment and determine the relevance of the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in the interplay of tumor cells/NK cells, a short-term competitive tumor implantation assay in the peritoneal cavity of semiallogeneic F1 recipients was designed. The results presented herein showed that NK cells killed target tumor cells with similar efficiency regardless of PD-L1 expression, whereas PD-L1 expression on A20 tumor cells conferred significant tumor protection against rejection by CD8 T cells confirming the role of the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 in the modulation of their cytotoxic activity. In summary, PD-L1 expression on A20 leukemia tumor cells modulates CD8 T-cell-mediated responses to tumor-specific antigens but does not contribute to inhibit NK cell-mediated hybrid resistance, which correlates with the inability to detect PD-1 expression on NK cells neither under steady-state conditions nor under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa del Rio
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
- CIBERONC Consortium, Accion Estrategica en Salud, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa, ; Maria-Luisa del Rio,
| | - Jose-Antonio Perez-Simon
- CIBERONC Consortium, Accion Estrategica en Salud, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/Institute of Biomedicine [Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)], Seville, Spain
| | - Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
- CIBERONC Consortium, Accion Estrategica en Salud, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa, ; Maria-Luisa del Rio,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bunting MD, Vyas M, Requesens M, Langenbucher A, Schiferle EB, Manguso RT, Lawrence MS, Demehri S. Extracellular matrix proteins regulate NK cell function in peripheral tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3327. [PMID: 35294229 PMCID: PMC8926340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells reject major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-deficient bone marrow through direct cytotoxicity but not solid organ transplants devoid of MHC-I. Here, we demonstrate an immediate switch in NK cell function upon exit from the circulation, characterized by a shift from direct cytotoxicity to chemokine/cytokine production. In the skin transplant paradigm, combining an NK cell-specific activating ligand, m157, with missing self MHC-I resulted in complete graft rejection, which was dependent on NK cells as potential helpers and T cells as effectors. Extracellular matrix proteins, collagen I, collagen III, and elastin, blocked NK cell cytotoxicity and promoted their chemokine/cytokine production. NK cell cytotoxicity against MHC-I-deficient melanoma in the skin was markedly increased by blocking tumor collagen deposition. MHC-I down-regulation occurred in solid human cancers but not leukemias, which could be directly targeted by circulating cytotoxic NK cells. Our findings uncover a fundamental mechanism that restricts direct NK cell cytotoxicity in peripheral tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Bunting
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maulik Vyas
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marta Requesens
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam Langenbucher
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Erik B. Schiferle
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert T. Manguso
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Del Rio ML, Nguyen TH, Tesson L, Heslan JM, Gutierrez-Adan A, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Gutierrez-Arroyo J, Buhler L, Pérez-Simón JA, Anegon I, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. The impact of CD160 deficiency on alloreactive CD8 T cell responses and allograft rejection. Transl Res 2022; 239:103-123. [PMID: 34461306 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD160 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with a pattern of expression mainly restricted to cytotoxic cells. To assess the functional relevance of the HVEM/CD160 signaling pathway in allogeneic cytotoxic responses, exon 2 of the CD160 gene was targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 to generate CD160 deficient mice. Next, we evaluated the impact of CD160 deficiency in the course of an alloreactive response. To that aim, parental donor WT (wild-type) or CD160 KO (knock-out) T cells were adoptively transferred into non-irradiated semiallogeneic F1 recipients, in which donor alloreactive CD160 KO CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells clonally expanded less vigorously than in WT T cell counterparts. This differential proliferative response rate at the early phase of T cell expansion influenced the course of CD8 T cell differentiation and the composition of the effector T cell pool that led to a significant decreased of the memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) / short-lived effector cells (SLECs) ratio in CD160 KO CD8 T cells compared to WT CD8 T cells. Despite these differences in T cell proliferation and differentiation, allogeneic MHC class I mismatched (bm1) skin allograft survival in CD160 KO recipients was comparable to that of WT recipients. However, the administration of CTLA-4.Ig showed an enhanced survival trend of bm1 skin allografts in CD160 KO with respect to WT recipients. Finally, CD160 deficient NK cells were as proficient as CD160 WT NK cells in rejecting allogeneic cellular allografts or MHC class I deficient tumor cells. CD160 may represent a CD28 alternative costimulatory molecule for the modulation of allogeneic CD8 T cell responses either in combination with costimulation blockade or by direct targeting of alloreactive CD8 T cells that upregulate CD160 expression in response to alloantigen stimulation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 4-1BB Ligand/metabolism
- Allografts
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Differentiation
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, MHC Class I
- Graft Rejection/etiology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Skin Transplantation
- Thymocytes/immunology
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Del Rio
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section. Institute of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, University of Leon, Leon, Spain; CIBERONC Consortium, Accion Estrategica en Salud, Grant # CB16/12/00480.
| | - Tuan H Nguyen
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; SFR Bonamy, GenoCellEdit Platform, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; SFR Bonamy, GenoCellEdit Platform, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; SFR Bonamy, GenoCellEdit Platform, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes, France
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Gutierrez-Arroyo
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leo Buhler
- Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - José-Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio / Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS / CSIC / CIBERONC), Sevilla, Spain; CIBERONC Consortium, Accion Estrategica en Salud, Grant # CB16/12/00480
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; SFR Bonamy, GenoCellEdit Platform, CNRS UMS3556, Nantes, France
| | - Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa
- Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Section. Institute of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, University of Leon, Leon, Spain; CIBERONC Consortium, Accion Estrategica en Salud, Grant # CB16/12/00480.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duygu B, Olieslagers TI, Groeneweg M, Voorter CEM, Wieten L. HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680480. [PMID: 34295330 PMCID: PMC8290519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill diseased- or virally-infected cells, mediate antibody dependent cytotoxicity and produce type I immune-associated cytokines upon activation. NK cells also contribute to the allo-immune response upon kidney transplantation either by promoting allograft rejection through lysis of cells of the transplanted organ or by promoting alloreactive T cells. In addition, they protect against viral infections upon transplantation which may be especially relevant in patients receiving high dose immune suppression. NK cell activation is tightly regulated through the integrated balance of signaling via inhibitory- and activating receptors. HLA class I molecules are critical regulators of NK cell activation through the interaction with inhibitory- as well as activating NK cell receptors, hence, HLA molecules act as critical immune checkpoints for NK cells. In the current review, we evaluate how NK cell alloreactivity and anti-viral immunity are regulated by NK cell receptors belonging to the KIR family and interacting with classical HLA class I molecules, or by NKG2A/C and LILRB1/KIR2DL4 engaging non-classical HLA-E or -G. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods to determine genetic variation in these receptors and their HLA ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Groeneweg
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodriguez-Barbosa JI, Ferreras MC, Buhler L, Jones ND, Schneider P, Perez-Simon JA, Del Rio ML. Therapeutic implications of NK cell regulation of allogeneic CD8 T cell-mediated immune responses stimulated through the direct pathway of antigen presentation in transplantation. MAbs 2018; 10:1030-1044. [PMID: 30036156 PMCID: PMC6204794 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1502127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate type I lymphoid cells essential for early anti-viral responses and are known to modulate the course of humoral and cellular-mediated T cell responses. We assessed the role of NK cells in allogeneic CD8 T cell-mediated responses in an immunocompetent mouse model across an MHC class I histocompatibility barrier to determine its impact in therapeutic clinical interventions with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting lymphoid cells in transplantation. The administration of an NK cell depleting antibody to either CD8 T cell replete or CD8 T cell-depleted naïve C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice accelerated graft rejection. This accelerated rejection response was associated with an in vivo increased cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells against bm1 allogeneic hematopoietic cells and bm1 skin allografts. These findings show that NK cells were implicated in the control host anti-donor cytotoxic responses, likely by competing for common cell growth factors in both CD8 T cell replete and CD8 T cell-depleted mice, the latter reconstituting in response to lymphopenia. Our data calls for precaution in solid organ transplantation under tolerogenic protocols involving extensive depletion of lymphocytes. These pharmacological biologics with depleting properties over NK cells may accelerate graft rejection and promote aggressive CD8 T cell cytotoxic alloresponses refractory to current immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J I Rodriguez-Barbosa
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section , University of León , Leon , Spain.,h Acción Estratégica en Salud , Consorcio CIBER-ONC, Seville, Spain
| | - M C Ferreras
- b Department of Animal Health, Mountain Livestock Institute (CSIC), School of Veterinary Sciences , University of Leon , Leon , Spain
| | - L Buhler
- c Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - N D Jones
- d MRC Centre of Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Medical School , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - P Schneider
- e Department of Biochemistry , University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - J A Perez-Simon
- f Department of Hematology , University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS/CSIC) , Sevilla , Spain.,h Acción Estratégica en Salud , Consorcio CIBER-ONC, Seville, Spain
| | - M L Del Rio
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section , University of León , Leon , Spain.,g Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination Center , Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain.,h Acción Estratégica en Salud , Consorcio CIBER-ONC, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
López-Botet M, Vilches C, Redondo-Pachón D, Muntasell A, Pupuleku A, Yélamos J, Pascual J, Crespo M. Dual Role of Natural Killer Cells on Graft Rejection and Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:166. [PMID: 28261220 PMCID: PMC5311043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection constitutes a major complication of solid organ transplantation requiring prophylactic/therapeutic immunosuppression, which increases susceptibility of patients to infections and cancer. Beyond the pivotal role of alloantigen-specific T cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of rejection, natural killer (NK) cells may display alloreactive potential in case of mismatch between recipient inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and graft HLA class I molecules. Several studies have addressed the impact of this variable in kidney transplant with conflicting conclusions; yet, increasing evidence supports that alloantibody-mediated NK cell activation via FcγRIIIA (CD16) contributes to rejection. On the other hand, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection constitutes a risk factor directly associated with the rate of graft loss and reduced host survival. The levels of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells have been reported to predict the risk of posttransplant infection, and KIR-B haplotypes containing activating KIR genes have been related with protection. HCMV infection promotes to a variable extent an adaptive differentiation and expansion of a subset of mature NK cells, which display the CD94/NKG2C-activating receptor. Evidence supporting that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells may contribute to control the viral infection in kidney transplant recipients has been recently obtained. The dual role of NK cells in the interrelation of HCMV infection with rejection deserves attention. Further phenotypic, functional, and genetic analyses of NK cells may provide additional insights on the pathogenesis of solid organ transplant complications, leading to the development of biomarkers with potential clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics-Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Dolores Redondo-Pachón
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaffer BC, Hsu KC. How important is NK alloreactivity and KIR in allogeneic transplantation? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:351-358. [PMID: 27890259 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HCT) is a major cause of death in transplant recipients. Efforts to control relapse by promoting donor T-cell alloreactivity, such as withdrawal of immune suppression or donor lymphocyte infusions, are limited by the propensity to induce graft versus host disease (GVHD) and by inadequate efficacy. Therefore, options for AML patients who have relapsed AML after allo HCT are few and outcomes are poor. Similar to T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells have potent anti-leukemia effector capacity, and yet unlike T-cells, NK cells do not mediate GVHD. Furthermore, their function does not require matching of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) between donor and recipient. Maximizing donor NK alloreactivity thus holds the exciting possibility to induce the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect without engendering GVHD. Among the array of activating and inhibitory NK cell surface receptors, the killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) play a central role in modulating NK effector function. Here we will review how KIR mediates donor alloreactivity, discuss the role of KIR gene and allele typing to optimize allo HCT donor selection, and discuss how KIR may aid adoptive NK and other cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Shaffer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen P, Aguilar OA, Rahim MMA, Allan DSJ, Fine JH, Kirkham CL, Ma J, Tanaka M, Tu MM, Wight A, Kartsogiannis V, Gillespie MT, Makrigiannis AP, Carlyle JR. Genetic investigation of MHC-independent missing-self recognition by mouse NK cells using an in vivo bone marrow transplantation model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2909-18. [PMID: 25681346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC-I-specific receptors play a vital role in NK cell-mediated "missing-self" recognition, which contributes to NK cell activation. In contrast, MHC-independent NK recognition mechanisms are less well characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of NKR-P1B:Clr-b (Klrb1:Clec2d) interactions in determining the outcome of murine hematopoietic cell transplantation in vivo. Using a competitive transplant assay, we show that Clr-b(-/-) bone marrow (BM) cells were selectively rejected by wild-type B6 recipients, to a similar extent as H-2D(b-/-) MHC-I-deficient BM cells. Selective rejection of Clr-b(-/-) BM cells was mitigated by NK depletion of recipient mice. Competitive rejection of Clr-b(-/-) BM cells also occurred in allogeneic transplant recipients, where it was reversed by selective depletion of NKR-P1B(hi) NK cells, leaving the remaining NKR-P1B(lo) NK subset and MHC-I-dependent missing-self recognition intact. Moreover, competitive rejection of Clr-b(-/-) hematopoietic cells was abrogated in Nkrp1b-deficient recipients, which lack the receptor for Clr-b. Of interest, similar to MHC-I-deficient NK cells, Clr-b(-/-) NK cells were hyporesponsive to both NK1.1 (NKR-P1C)-stimulated and IL-12/18 cytokine-primed IFN-γ production. These findings support a unique and nonredundant role for NKR-P1B:Clr-b interactions in missing-self recognition of normal hematopoietic cells and suggest that optimal BM transplant success relies on MHC-independent tolerance mechanisms. These findings provide a model for human NKR-P1A:LLT1 (KLRB1:CLEC2D) interactions in human hematopoietic cell transplants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chen
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David S J Allan
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jason H Fine
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christina L Kirkham
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jaehun Ma
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrew Wight
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Vicky Kartsogiannis
- Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and
| | - Matthew T Gillespie
- Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gordon SM, Chaix J, Rupp LJ, Wu J, Madera S, Sun JC, Lindsten T, Reiner SL. The transcription factors T-bet and Eomes control key checkpoints of natural killer cell maturation. Immunity 2012; 36:55-67. [PMID: 22261438 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles defending against tumors and pathogens. We show that mice lacking both transcription factors Eomesodermin (Eomes) and T-bet failed to develop NK cells. Developmental stability of immature NK cells constitutively expressing the death ligand TRAIL depended on T-bet. Conversely, maturation characterized by loss of constitutive TRAIL expression and induction of Ly49 receptor diversity and integrin CD49b (DX5(+)) required Eomes. Mature NK cells from which Eomes was deleted reverted to phenotypic immaturity if T-bet was present or downregulated NK lineage antigens if T-bet was absent, despite retaining expression of Ly49 receptors. Fetal and adult hepatic hematopoiesis restricted Eomes expression and limited NK development to the T-bet-dependent, immature stage, whereas medullary hematopoiesis permitted Eomes-dependent NK maturation in adult mice. These findings reveal two sequential, genetically separable checkpoints of NK cell maturation, the progression of which is metered largely by the anatomic localization of hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Gordon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
NK cells in the CD19- B220+ bone marrow fraction are increased in senescence and reduce E2A and surrogate light chain proteins in B cell precursors. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:384-92. [PMID: 19428458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
E2A encoded proteins, key transcriptional regulators in B lineage specification and commitment, have been shown to decrease in B cell precursors in old age. E2A regulates genes encoding the surrogate light chain proteins lambda5 and VpreB. In old age, B cell precursors express less surrogate light chain and this results in compromised pre-B cell receptor function and diminished expansion of new pre-B cells in senescence. Herein, we show that aged bone marrow has increased Hardy Fraction A (CD19(-) B220(+)) cells, including NK cells, that can inhibit both E47 (E2A) protein and surrogate light chain protein expression in B cell precursors. In vitro, NK-associated inhibition of E47 protein is contact-independent and partially reversed by neutralization of TNFalpha. In vivo, depletion of NK cells in aged mice by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody led to restoration of surrogate light chain protein levels to that typical of young B cell precursors. These studies suggest that NK cells, within the CD19(-) B220(+) bone marrow cell fraction, may contribute to a bone marrow microenvironment that has the potential to negatively regulate E47 (E2A) as well as surrogate light chain levels in B cell precursors in old age.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dissen E, Fossum S, Hoelsbrekken SE, Saether PC. NK cell receptors in rodents and cattle. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:369-75. [PMID: 18977671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells discriminate between normal syngeneic cells and infected, neoplastic or MHC-disparate allogeneic cells. The reactivity of NK cells appears to be regulated by a balance between activating receptors that recognize non-self or altered self, and inhibitory receptors recognizing normal, self-encoded MHC class I molecules. Subfamilies of NK receptors undergo rapid evolution, and appear to co-evolve with the MHC. We here review present views on the evolution and function of NK cell receptors, with an emphasis on knowledge gained in cattle and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Dissen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1105 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tripathy SK, Keyel PA, Yang L, Pingel JT, Cheng TP, Schneeberger A, Yokoyama WM. Continuous engagement of a self-specific activation receptor induces NK cell tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:1829-41. [PMID: 18606857 PMCID: PMC2525593 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell tolerance mechanisms are incompletely understood. One possibility is that they possess self-specific activation receptors that result in hyporesponsiveness unless modulated by self–major histocompatability complex (MHC)–specific inhibitory receptors. As putative self-specific activation receptors have not been well characterized, we studied a transgenic C57BL/6 mouse that ubiquitously expresses m157 (m157-Tg), which is the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)–encoded ligand for the Ly49H NK cell activation receptor. The transgenic mice were more susceptible to MCMV infection and were unable to reject m157-Tg bone marrow, suggesting defects in Ly49H+ NK cells. There was a reversible hyporesponsiveness of Ly49H+ NK cells that extended to Ly49H-independent stimuli. Continuous Ly49H–m157 interaction was necessary for the functional defects. Interestingly, functional defects occurred when mature wild-type NK cells were adoptively transferred to m157-Tg mice, suggesting that mature NK cells may acquire hyporesponsiveness. Importantly, NK cell tolerance caused by Ly49H–m157 interaction was similar in NK cells regardless of expression of Ly49C, an inhibitory receptor specific for a self-MHC allele in C57BL/6 mice. Thus, engagement of self-specific activation receptors in vivo induces an NK cell tolerance effect that is not affected by self-MHC–specific inhibitory receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Tripathy
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamby K, Trexler A, Pearson TC, Larsen CP, Rigby MR, Kean LS. NK cells rapidly reject allogeneic bone marrow in the spleen through a perforin- and Ly49D-dependent, but NKG2D-independent mechanism. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1884-96. [PMID: 17617852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have used a sensitive and specific in vivo killing assay to monitor the kinetics, anatomic location and mechanisms controlling NK-mediated rejection of Balb/c bone marrow by C57BL/6 natural killer (NK) cells. We find that NK killing of fully allogeneic bone marrow is a rapid, highly efficient process, leading to substantial rejection of transplanted marrow within 6 h of transplant and elimination of 85% of the transplanted cells within 2 days. NK-mediated rejection occurred predominantly in the spleen, with sparing of rejection in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Rejection was dependent on Perforin gene function, but was independent of interferon-gamma. Finally, rejection of Balb/c bone marrow by B6 NK cells required signaling through the Ly49D receptor, but occurred despite blockade of NKG2D, which distinguishes these results from previous studies using semiallogeneic transplant pairs. These results identify NK cells as highly active mediators of bone marrow rejection, and suggest that inhibiting NK function early during transplantation may increase the efficiency of engraftment and allow successful engraftment of limiting doses of donor bone marrow.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/immunology
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/pathology
- Chimerism
- Connexins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eye Proteins/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen/surgery
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hamby
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Preynat-Seauve O, Contassot E, Schuler P, Piguet V, French LE, Huard B. Extralymphatic tumors prepare draining lymph nodes to invasion via a T-cell cross-tolerance process. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5009-16. [PMID: 17510433 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastases often develop in lymphoid organs. However, the immunologic mechanism allowing such invasion is not known because these organs are considered to be hostile to tumor cells. Here, we analyzed the interactions between tumor cells and CD8(+) T cells in such lymphoid organs. Tumor cells implanted into lymph nodes were able to induce tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell responses, conducting to tumor rejection, in contrast to primary extralymphatic tumors rapidly anergizing T cells in draining lymph nodes (DLN) via a cross-presentation process. This abortive CD8(+) T-cell response to extralymphatic tumor is independent of the subcellular localization of antigen in tumor cells and is consistent with a lack of CD4(+) T-cell help. Notably, this anergy was potent enough to allow successful DLN implantation of tumor cells. Such distant cross-tolerization of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells may be a determinant permissive event leading to invasion of DLN. In this situation, metastatic tumor cells do not need to down-regulate their immunogenicity to spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Louis Jeantet Skin Cancer Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaiser S, Kägi D, Ihorst G, Kapp U. Perforin-independent rejection of transplanted human stem cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 145:332-8. [PMID: 16879254 PMCID: PMC1809682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOD/SCID mouse model is one of the most established model systems for the analysis of human stem cells in vivo. The lack of mature B and T cells renders NOD/SCID mice susceptible to transplantable human stem and progenitor cells. One remaining functional component of the immune system in NOD/SCID mice is natural killer (NK) cells. We rationalized that by eliminating NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in this model system engraftment of human haematopoietic stem cells could be improved. Thus perforin-deficient NOD/SCID mice (PNOD/SCID) were generated, which display a complete lack of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To test the engraftment potential of human stem cells in PNOD/SCID mice, we compared the repopulating potential of human haematopoietic stem cells in these mice with the repopulating potential in NOD/SCID mice. Upon injection with varying numbers of mononuclear cells from human cord blood, the number of engrafted PNOD/SCID mice was lower (34.8%) than the number of engrafted NOD/SCID mice (64.7%). Similarly, injection of purified CD34(+) human cord blood cells led to engraftment in 32.3% PNOD/SCID versus 60% in NOD/SCID mice. Surprisingly, these results show that the inactivation of cytotoxic activity of NK cells in PNOD/SCID mice did not result in better engraftment with human haematopoietic stem cells. A potential reason for this observation could be that compensatory activation of NK cells in PNOD/SCID mice induces high levels of soluble factors resulting in an environment unfavourable for human stem cell engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kaiser
- Schweizerhall Management AG, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
NK cells use NKG2D receptor to recognize 'induced-self'. In apparent violation of the 'missing-self' hypothesis, NK cells stimulated through NKG2D can lyse target cells despite normal expression levels of MHC class I molecules. Although, 'overriding' of the inhibitory by the activating signals had been postulated the precise role of inhibitory Ly49 receptors on NKG2D-mediated activation has only started emerging. We propose that NKG2D-mediated activation is a function of 'altering the balance' in the signaling strength between the activating NKG2D and inhibiting Ly49 receptors. Balance in the signaling strength depends on the expression levels of activating ligands on the target cells. Qualitative and quantitative variations of MHC class I molecules expressed on the target cells also plays a major role in determining this 'altered-balance'. Consequently, the nature of Ly49 receptors expressed on specific NK subsets determines the level of NKG2D-mediated NK cell activation. These observations provide a firm basis of 'altered-balance' in NK signaling and describe an active interplay between inhibitory Ly49 and activating NKG2D receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Blood Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bishara A, Brautbar C, Zamir G, Eid A, Safadi R. Impact of HLA-C and Bw epitopes disparity on liver transplantation outcome. Hum Immunol 2006; 66:1099-105. [PMID: 16571410 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of graft rejection episodes after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) despite the use of immunosuppressive drugs designed to suppress T lymphocyte functions, indicates the involvement of other types of cells in this process. The activity of natural killer cells and their killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) is regulated by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I determinants; C and Bw epitopes. Because recipient/donor pairs are usually HLA mismatched, recipient natural killer alloreactivity may be the mediating factor in rejection. In this retrospective study, we have analyzed rejection occurrence and outcome in 66 OLT recipients, 42 with and 24 without C or Bw epitope disparity in the rejection direction. Recipients transplanted from donors with no C epitope disparity had significantly fewer rejection episodes in the first year after transplantation compared with recipients transplanted across C epitope disparity (p = 0.0002). Moreover, this effect was more pronounced when the outcome was analyzed in OLT recipients across negative crossmatching for the anti-HLA class I and II antibodies. In contrast, Bw epitope disparity did not affect the outcome. In conclusion, C epitopes disparity between recipients and donors in the rejection direction appears to influence posttransplant liver outcome. This finding may be helpful in the choice of appropriate liver donor and planning immune suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bishara
- Tissue Typing Unit, Division of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kean LS, Hamby K, Koehn B, Lee E, Coley S, Stempora L, Adams AB, Heiss E, Pearson TC, Larsen CP. NK cells mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection of allogeneic stem cells during nonmyeloablative transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:292-304. [PMID: 16426313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although T-cell CD28/CD40 costimulation blockade represents a powerful mechanism to promote immune tolerance during murine allotransplantation, it has not yet been successfully translated to clinical transplantation. We determined the impact of natural killer (NK) cells on costimulation blockade-resistant rejection of donor bone marrow. We found that NK cells represent a potent barrier to engraftment: host NK depletion led to increased donor stem cell survival, increased mixed hematopoietic chimerism and to engraftment of low doses of donor marrow (1 x 10(8)/kg) that were otherwise rejected. To understand the mechanisms of NK alloreactivity, we employed an in vivo NK-specific cytotoxicity assay. We found that an increased proportion of target cells were killed between days 2 and 8 after cell transfer, and that NK killing of parental targets was inducible: NK cells preprimed with allotargets were more efficient at their elimination upon reexposure. Finally, both transplant and in vivo NK-killing models were used to determine the contribution of LFA-1 to NK alloreactivity. Blockade of LFA-1 led to decreased NK-mediated killing, and increased alloengraftment. These results identify NK alloreactivity as an integral component to costimulation blockade-resistant rejection, and suggest that its inhibition may represent an important target in the clinical translation of tolerance-induction transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Kean
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zimmerman Z, Shatry A, Deyev V, Podack E, Mammolenti M, Blazar BR, Yagita H, Levy RB. Effector cells derived from host CD8 memory T cells mediate rapid resistance against minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched allogeneic marrow grafts without participation of perforin, Fas ligand, and the simultaneous inhibition of 3 tumor necrosis factor family effector pathways. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11:576-86. [PMID: 16041307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens for transplant recipients have heightened awareness of immunologic resistance to allogeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT). Although T cell-mediated cytotoxicity has been assumed to play a role in the resistance against donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell grafts, several studies have reported relatively unimpaired resistance by recipients who lack perforin, Fas ligand (FasL), and other cytotoxic mediators. This study compared the early kinetics of T cell-mediated resistance in B6 (H2b) cytotoxically normal versus deficient recipients after transplantation with major histocompatibility complex-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-mismatched allogeneic marrow grafts. Wild-type B6 or cytotoxic double-deficient perforin-/-/gld+/+ (B6-cdd) mice were sensitized against major histocompatibility complex-matched BALB.B or C3H.SW (H2b) MiHA and transplanted with a high dose (1 x 10(7)) of T cell-depleted bone marrow. CD8 T memory cells were shown to be present in recipients before BMT, and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody infusion abolished resistance, thus demonstrating that CD8 T cells are the host effector population. Donor-committed and high proliferative potential progenitor numbers were markedly diminished by 48 hours after transplantation in both wild-type B6 and B6-cdd anti-donor MiHA-sensitized recipients. These observations indicate that the resistance pathway used in the cytotoxic deficient mice was both potent and rapidly induced--consistent with a CD8 memory T-cell response. To examine the role of Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)- and TL1A-mediated cytotoxicity in this strong resistance, newly generated monoclonal antibodies specific for these ligands were administered to B6-cdd recipients sensitized to donor antigens. Recipients of syngeneic B6-gfp bone marrow exhibited significant donor colony-forming unit numbers after BMT. In contrast, low or absent colony-forming unit levels were detected in allogeneic recipients, including those that lacked perforin and FasL and that received anti-TWEAK, anti-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and anti-TL1A monoclonal antibodies. These findings extend previous observations by demonstrating the existence of a rapidly effected resistance pathway mediated by memory CD8 effector T cells independent of the 2 major pathways of cytotoxicity. Together with previous findings, these results support the notion that effector cells derived from memory CD8 T-cell populations can mediate strong resistance against donor allogeneic MiHA-disparate hematopoietic engraftment by using a mechanism that is independent of the contribution of perforin, FasL, and the known death ligand receptor pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zimmerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shizuru JA, Negrin RS, Weissman IL. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: clinical and preclinical regeneration of the hematolymphoid system. Annu Rev Med 2005; 56:509-38. [PMID: 15660525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.54.101601.152334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A vast literature exists on the biology of blood formation and regeneration under experimental and clinical conditions. The field of hematopoiesis was recently advanced by the capacity to purify to homogeneity primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Isolation of cells at defined maturational stages has enhanced the understanding of the fundamental nature of stem cells, including how cell fate decisions are made, and this understanding is relevant to the development of other normal as well as malignant tissues. This review updates the basic biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitors, the evolving use of purified HSC as grafts for clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) including immune tolerance induction, and the application of HSC biology to other stem cell fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Shizuru
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scheffold C, Scheffold YC, Cao TM, Gworek J, Shizuru JA. Cytokines and cytotoxic pathways in engraftment resistance to purified allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11:1-12. [PMID: 15625539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The way that allogeneic hematopoietic cells are rejected is not completely understood. Regimen-resistant populations, including natural killer (NK) cells and lymphocytes, are thought to mediate the allograft barrier. In this report, the mechanism by which recipient cell populations resist engraftment of purified allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was examined in mice. To define the immunoregulatory pathways involved in allogeneic hematopoietic cell resistance, HSC transplantations were performed in immune-defective recipients. Recipients were wild-type mice treated with alpha-NK cell antibodies or knockout strain mice lacking expression of CD8, perforin, Fas ligand, or 1 of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta, interferon gamma, interleukin 4, or interleukin 10. Elimination of a single cytotoxic pathway was ineffective in reducing engraftment resistance, although mice treated with a polyclonal antibody that recognizes NK-cell determinants or CD8 expression showed a profound reduction in the engraftment barrier. Posttransplantation chimerism analysis revealed regeneration of host hematopoiesis in some experimental groups. These studies show, for the first time, that elimination of selected cytokines does not alter allogeneic hematopoietic resistance. Furthermore, the chimerism data reinforce the importance of competition for HSC niches in conjunction with immune mechanisms in resistance to long-term HSC engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Scheffold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5623, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang Y, Rezzoug F, Chilton PM, Grimes HL, Cramer DE, Ildstad ST. Matching at the MHC class I K locus is essential for long-term engraftment of purified hematopoietic stem cells: a role for host NK cells in regulating HSC engraftment. Blood 2004; 104:873-80. [PMID: 15054040 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe events that regulate engraftment and long-term repopulating ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after transplantation are not well defined. We report for the first time that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I K plays a critical role in HSC engraftment via interaction with recipient natural killer (NK) cells. Durable engraftment of purified HSCs requires MHC class I K matching between HSC donor and recipient. In the absence of MHC class I K matching, HSCs exhibit impaired long-term engraftment (P = .01). Dependence on MHC class I K matching is eliminated in B6 beige mice that lack NK cell function, as well as in wild-type mice depleted of NK cells, implicating a possible regulatory role of NK cells for HSC engraftment. The coadministration of CD8+/T-cell receptor–negative (TCR-) graft facilitating cells (FCs) matched at MHC class I K to the HSC donor overcomes the requirement for MHC class I K matching between HSCs and recipient. These data demonstrate that FCs inhibit NK cell effects on the HSCs. Notably, FCs do not suppress the cytotoxic activity of activated NK cells. Enhanced green fluorescent protein–positive (EGFP+) FCs persist for one month following allogeneic transplantation, making cold target inhibition an unlikely mechanism. Therefore, MHC class I may play a critical role in the initiating events that dictate HSC engraftment and/or NK-mediated rejection following allogeneic transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zöller M. Immunotherapy of cancer by active vaccination: does allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after non-myeloablative conditioning provide a new option? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2003; 2:237-60. [PMID: 12779354 DOI: 10.1177/153303460300200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of antigen-specific T cells in cancer immunotherapy has been amply demonstrated in many model systems. Though success of clinical trials still remains far behind expectation, the continuous improvement in our understanding of the biology of the immune response will provide the basis of optimized cancer vaccines and allow for new modalities of cancer treatment. This review focuses on the current status of active therapeutic vaccination and future prospects. The latter will mainly be concerned with allogeneic bone marrow cell transplantation after non-myeloablative conditioning, because it is my belief that this approach could provide a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. Concerning active vaccination protocols the following aspects will be addressed: i) the targets of immunotherapeutic approaches; ii) the response elements needed for raising a therapeutically successful immune reaction; iii) ways to achieve an optimal confrontation of the immune system with the tumor and iv) supportive regimen of immunomodulation. Hazards which one is most frequently confronted with in trials to attack tumors with the inherent weapon of immune defense will only be briefly mentioned. Many question remain to be answered in the field of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after non-myeloablative conditioning to optimize the therapeutic setting for this likely very powerful tool of cancer therapy. Current considerations to improve engraftment and to reduce graft versus host disease while strengthening graft versus tumor reactivity will be briefly reviewed. Finally, I will discuss whether tumor-reactive T cells can be "naturally" maintained during the process of T cell maturation in the allogeneic host. Provided this hypothesis can be substantiated, a T cell vaccine will meet a pool of virgin T cells in the allogeneically reconstituted host, which are tolerant towards the host, but not anergised towards tumor antigens presented by MHC molecules of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Dept. of Tumor Progression & Immune Defense, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parham P, McQueen KL. Alloreactive killer cells: hindrance and help for haematopoietic transplants. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3:108-22. [PMID: 12563295 DOI: 10.1038/nri999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic-cell transplantation is a treatment for leukaemia and lymphoma. To reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) caused by transplanted T cells, donors and recipients are HLA matched. For patients for whom a matched donor is not available, one option is transplantation from an HLA-mismatched relative who shares one HLA haplotype. This procedure is distinguished by the use of a stronger conditioning regimen for the patient and of a T-cell-depleted graft containing numerous stem cells. After transplantation, natural killer cells are prevalent, and they can include alloreactive cells that kill tumour cells and prevent GVHD. The alloreactions seem to be determined by the mismatched HLA class I ligands and their killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hummel S, Wilms D, Vitacolonna M, Zöller M. Donor T cell and host NK depletion improve the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow cell reconstitution in the nonmyeloablatively conditioned tumor‐bearing host. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.5.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hummel
- Department of Tumor Progression and Tumor Defense, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; and
| | - Daniela Wilms
- Department of Tumor Progression and Tumor Defense, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; and
| | - Mario Vitacolonna
- Department of Tumor Progression and Tumor Defense, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; and
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Progression and Tumor Defense, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; and
- Department of Applied Genetics, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Silver ET, Lavender KJ, Gong DE, Hazes B, Kane KP. Allelic variation in the ectodomain of the inhibitory Ly-49G2 receptor alters its specificity for allogeneic and xenogeneic ligands. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:4752-60. [PMID: 12391184 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.9.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ly-49 multigene receptor family regulates mouse NK cell functions. A number of Ly-49 genes exhibit allelic variation, but the functional significance of allelic differences in extracellular domains of Ly-49 receptors regarding ligand specificity is largely unknown. Amino acid differences exist in the extracellular domains of the B6 and BALB/c allele products of the inhibitory Ly-49G receptor. We constructed chimeric Ly-49 receptors consisting of common cytoplasmic and transmembrane regions of the activating Ly-49W receptor fused with the ectodomains of the B6 and BALB/c alleles of Ly-49G. Expression of these chimeras in the RNK-16 rat NK cell line allowed us to study the specificity of inhibitory receptor ectodomains as they stimulated NK lytic activity. We found that the ectodomain of the BALB/c allele of Ly-49G recognizes both H-2D(d) and D(k) class I MHC alleles, whereas the ectodomain of the B6 allele of Ly-49G recognizes D(d), and not D(k). The specificity for D(k) as well as D(d) of the wild-type Ly-49G(BALB/c) allele product was confirmed with RNK-16 transfectants of this inhibitory receptor. Furthermore, the ectodomain of the Ly-49G(BALB/c) allele recognizes a distinct repertoire of xenogeneic ligands that only partially overlaps with that recognized by Ly-49G(B6). Our results indicate that allelic variation in Ly-49 extracellular domains can have functional significance by altering Ly-49 receptor specificity for mouse class I MHC and xenogeneic ligands.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Heterophile/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Extracellular Space/genetics
- Extracellular Space/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Variation/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- Isoantigens/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemical synthesis
- Species Specificity
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Silver
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alan W Flake
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, The Children's Institute for Surgical Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shilling HG, Young N, Guethlein LA, Cheng NW, Gardiner CM, Tyan D, Parham P. Genetic control of human NK cell repertoire. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:239-47. [PMID: 12077250 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Through differential killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) and CD94:NKG2 gene expression, human NK cells generate diverse repertoires, each cell having an inhibitory receptor for autologous HLA class I. Using a new method for measuring repertoire difference that integrates multiple flow cytometry parameters, we found individual repertoire stability, but population variability. Correlating repertoire differences with KIR and HLA genotype for 85 sibling pairs reveals the dominant influence of KIR genotype; HLA genotype having a subtle, modulating effect on relative KIR expression frequencies. HLA and/or KIR genotype also influences CD94:NKG2A expression. After HLA-matched stem cell transplantation, KIR repertoires either recapitulated that of the donor or were generally depressed for KIR expression. Human NK cell repertoires are defined by combinations of variable KIR and HLA class I genes and conserved CD94:NKG2 genes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Clone Cells
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Genotype
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Nuclear Family
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather G Shilling
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Naper C, Hayashi S, Kveberg L, Niemi EC, Lanier LL, Vaage JT, Ryan JC. Ly-49s3 is a promiscuous activating rat NK cell receptor for nonclassical MHC class I-encoded target ligands. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:22-30. [PMID: 12077224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of the rapid rejection of MHC-disparate lymphocytes in rats, named allogeneic lymphocyte cytotoxicity, have indicated that rat NK cells express activating receptors for nonclassical MHC class I allodeterminants from the RT1-C/E/M region. Using an expression cloning system that identifies activating receptors associated with the transmembrane adapter molecule DAP12, we have cloned a novel rat Ly-49 receptor that we have termed Ly-49 stimulatory receptor 3 (Ly-49s3). A newly generated anti-Ly-49s3 Ab, mAb DAR13, identified subpopulations of resting and IL-2-activated NK cells, but not T or B lymphocytes. Depletion of Ly-49s3-expressing NK cells drastically reduced alloreactivity in vitro, indicating that this subpopulation is responsible for a major part of the observed NK alloreactivity. DAR13-mediated blockade of Ly-49s3 inhibited killing of MHC-congenic target cells from the av1, n, lv1, and c haplotypes, but not from the u or b haplotypes. A putative ligand was mapped to the nonclassical MHC class I region (RT1-C/E/M) using intra-MHC recombinant strains. Relative numbers of Ly-49s3(+) NK cells were reduced, and surface levels of Ly-49s3 were lower, in MHC congenic strains expressing the putative Ly-49s3 ligand(s). In conclusion, we have identified a novel Ly-49 receptor that triggers rat NK cell-mediated responses.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Dimerization
- Female
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Haplotypes/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Mapping
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred BUF
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Naper
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gagne K, Brizard G, Gueglio B, Milpied N, Herry P, Bonneville F, Chéneau ML, Schleinitz N, Cesbron A, Folléa G, Harrousseau JL, Bignon JD. Relevance of KIR gene polymorphisms in bone marrow transplantation outcome. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:271-80. [PMID: 12039408 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells may be involved both in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The physiologic functions of NK cells appear to be regulated by diverse non-inhibitory and inhibitory receptors including the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) epitope mismatches are well-known causes of NK alloreactivity, the role of KIR genes in transplantation remains to be further investigated. In this study, we have evaluated whether KIR genotype differences between donors and recipients of HLA identical (related and unrelated) compared with HLA non-identical unrelated BMT, had an impact on transplantation outcome. Our results show that 5 of 15 KIR genes were always identical in donors and recipients and most variations were observed in the number and specificity of noninhibitory KIR genes. Based on the presence or absence of particular KIR genes, 70 different genotypes were obtained from all individuals. According to the donor or recipient KIR genotype, different combination patterns were described. Interestingly, when the recipient KIR genotype was "included" in the donor KIR genotype, 100% (11/11 pairs) of unrelated BMT developed GVHD compared with 60% (18/30) in all other combinations (p = 0.012). In contrast, no GVHD was observed in related BMT when the recipient KIR genotype was "included" in the donor KIR genotype (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, our results reveal a great diversity for KIR genotypes in donors and recipients of BMT and that the risk of GVHD was maximum in unrelated BMT when the recipient KIR genotype was "included" in the donor KIR genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Gagne
- Laboratoire d'Histocompatibilité Immunogénétique, EFS Pays de la Loire, Nantes Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
In utero haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially valuable therapeutic approach that strives to take advantage of biological opportunities for cellular transplantation that exist in the early gestational fetus. However, with the exception of severe combined immunodeficiency, clinical application has been limited by minimal or no engraftment, suggesting the presence of significant barriers to engraftment within the fetal environnment. Research directed toward elucidating these barriers is progressing, and there is hope that the barriers to engraftment can be overcome in the near future. In the meantime, there are a limited number of specific disorders that are biologically favourable and may be amenable to treatment by this approach using conventional techniques. In the future, strategies that improve the competitive capacity of donor cells or the use of pre-natal transplantation to induce donor-specific tolerance followed by post-natal non-myeloablative enhancement of donor chimerism may allow broad clinical application of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Flake
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104-4933, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells express numerous receptors, which continually engage with ligands on cell surfaces. Until 1995, only a handful of these receptors were characterized and the molecular basis of NK cell activation was obscure. Recently, considerable advances have been made in characterizing the receptor repertoire on human NK cells. Both activating and inhibitory receptors can transduce positive or negative signals to regulate NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release responses. The inhibitory receptors normally predominate in this balance of signals. Certain tumor cells and virally infected cells that lack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, however, can rapidly trigger NK cell activation. The basis of this activation is the loss of negative signals that are normally transmitted by MHC class I-binding inhibitory receptors, and the corresponding domination of activating receptor signals. While ligand specificity for a number of the recently described receptors is still a mystery, their signal transduction properties have begun to be defined. The dynamic crosstalk between these receptors ultimately governs the NK cell activation state. Although the complexities of NK cell signalling are only marginally understood, several overall themes have been defined by characterizing the roles of distinct pathways during NK cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Campbell
- Division of Basic Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Bahram
- Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bryson JS, Flanagan DL. Role of natural killer cells in the development of graft-versus-host disease. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2000; 9:307-16. [PMID: 10894352 DOI: 10.1089/15258160050079416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Bryson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 45536-0093, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gandy KL, Domen J, Aguila H, Weissman IL. CD8+TCR+ and CD8+TCR- cells in whole bone marrow facilitate the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells across allogeneic barriers. Immunity 1999; 11:579-90. [PMID: 10591183 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are sufficient to engraft irradiated allogeneic recipients, bone marrow (BM) contains other cells that facilitate engraftment. Here, several candidate facilitators were tested by cotransplantation with HSC. Both TCR+ and TCR- CD8alpha+ BM subpopulations have facilitative potential. CD8+TCR+ cells are typical T lymphocytes. CD8+TCR- facilitators are CD3 , not CD3+, have a granular morphology, and are CD8beta- and CD11c+; they share phenotypic characteristics with CD8(alpha)alpha lymphoid dendritic cells and veto cells. We also demonstrate that lytic function is nqt necessary for facilitation and that the CD8alpha molecule is either important for facilitation or in the development of facilitators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Gandy
- Department of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Djerbi M, Screpanti V, Catrina AI, Bogen B, Biberfeld P, Grandien A. The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1025-32. [PMID: 10510092 PMCID: PMC2195646 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.7.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor-mediated apoptosis can be modulated by several antiapoptotic proteins, such as the FLICE (FADD [Fas-associated death domain]-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs). The FLIP family includes both cellular and viral members. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protein (KSHV)-FLIP is expressed by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), which is associated with malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma and certain lymphomas. In this paper, we demonstrate that KSHV-FLIP protects cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting caspase activation and permits clonal growth in the presence of death stimuli in vitro. Furthermore, we show that KSHV-FLIP can act as a tumor progression factor by promoting tumor establishment and growth in vivo. When injected into immunocompetent recipient mouse strains, murine B lymphoma cells (A20) transduced with KSHV-FLIP rapidly develop into aggressive tumors showing a high rate of survival and growth. The tumor-progressive activity of KSHV-FLIP is mediated by prevention of death receptor-induced apoptosis triggered by conventional T cells. Consequently, inhibitors of death receptor signaling can be regarded as a new class of tumor progression factors, and HHV-8-associated tumors may represent naturally occurring examples of the tumorigenic effect of such inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Djerbi
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Screpanti
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Irinel Catrina
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Institute for Oncology-Pathology, the Karolinska Institute and Hospital, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Institute of Immunology, National Hospital, University of Oslo, N-0172 Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Biberfeld
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Institute for Oncology-Pathology, the Karolinska Institute and Hospital, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alf Grandien
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a cell of the innate immune system that play an important role in the early response to viral infections and tumours. Natural killer cells are cytolytic, and secrete cytokines that influence the developing antigen-specific immune response. In the present article the NK cell surface molecules regulating effector function, the NK cell effector mechanisms involved in apoptosis, and the role of NK cell effector mechanisms in immune responses are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Warren
- Cancer Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goldman JP, Blundell MP, Lopes L, Kinnon C, Di Santo JP, Thrasher AJ. Enhanced human cell engraftment in mice deficient in RAG2 and the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. Br J Haematol 1998; 103:335-42. [PMID: 9827902 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of human cells into immunodeficient mice has been used to develop models of human haemopoiesis and lymphoid cell function. However, the utility of existing mouse strains can be limited by shortened life-spans, spontaneous production of functional lymphocytes with ageing, and residual innate immunity leading to variable levels of engraftment. Mice with a deletion of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) gene have reduced numbers of peripheral T and B lymphocytes, and absent natural killer cell (NK) activity. A genetic cross with a recombinase activating gene 2 (RAG2)-deficient strain produced mice doubly homozygous for the gamma c and RAG2 null alleles (gamma c-/RAG2-). These mice have a stable phenotype characterized by the absence of all T lymphocyte. B lymphocyte and NK cell function. Injection of human B-lymphoblastoid cells resulted in earlier fatal metastatic lymphoproliferative disease than in NOD/LtSz-scid controls. This was particularly evident in animals injected intravenously, possibly because of residual NK activity in NOD/LtSz-scid mice. Levels of engraftment with peripheral-blood-derived human lymphocytes were also increased and associated with higher CD4/CD8 ratios. These findings demonstrate that this new strain of immunodeficient mice has significant advantages over existing strains for engraftment of human cells, and may be useful for study of adoptive immunotherapy and novel therapies for GvHD and HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Goldman
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Campbell KS, Cella M, Carretero M, López-Botet M, Colonna M. Signaling through human killer cell activating receptors triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of an associated protein complex. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:599-609. [PMID: 9521070 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199802)28:02<599::aid-immu599>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the biology of human natural killer (NK) cells has significantly advanced in recent years upon identification of a family of NK cell-expressed genes that encode killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR). Individual KIR can selectively bind various HLA class I allotypes and consequently transduce inhibitory signals that block NK cell lysis of ligand-bearing target cells. A distinct subset of related and linked genes express truncated versions of KIR that are otherwise highly homologous in amino acid sequence. Interestingly, these receptors appear to transmit stimulatory signals into NK cells and have been termed killer cell activating receptors (KAR). In this report, we demonstrate that recognition of HLA-Cw3 by the p50 KAR, NKAT8, can potentiate the cytotoxic response of appropriate NK cell clones. Specific cross-linking of this KAR with a monoclonal antibody resulted in intracellular calcium mobilization, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of the MAP kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. In addition, we identified a KAR-associated disulfide-linked dimer of a 13-kDa protein that was absent in the Jurkat T cell line and is predicted to participate in these activation signaling events. Upon treatment of NK cells with pervanadate, the disulfide-linked p13 and additional proteins of 25, 30, 37 and 50-95 kDa were identified as KAR-associated tyrosine phosphoproteins. Importantly, p13 was inducibly tyrosine phosphorylated upon cross-linking of NKAT8, which strongly suggests that the associated p13 provides KAR with appropriate cytoplasmic structure to couple with tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling effectors.
Collapse
|