1
|
Sousa S, Pestana D, Faria G, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Fernandes Domingues V. Adipose tissue fatty acids as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction in obese females: Implication of menopause and ageing. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 195:102581. [PMID: 37494765 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue is the largest reservoir of FA and acts differently in obese individuals. Menopause by itself significantly alters metabolism, lipid metabolism dysregulation, and adipose tissue distribution. How adipose tissue FA alters an obese individual's metabolism depending on a female's menopausal status is yet poorly understood. Hence, the subcutaneous (scAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) FA profile for 173 obese premenopausal and postmenopausal women was measured and associated with biochemical parameters. scAT and vAT FA profiles were distinct by themselves and in menopause. In total 816 associations were found with biochemical parameters, where only 58 were independent of the menopausal status. The associations found to emphasize the importance of assessing the adipose tissue FA profile and how their behavior changes with menopause. The FA are crucial in metabolic processes and can be helpful biomarkers in the prevention/treatment and follow-up of female obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sato K, Hikita H, Shigekawa M, Kato S, Sasaki Y, Shinkai K, Fukuoka M, Kudo S, Sato Y, Fukumoto K, Shirai K, Myojin Y, Sakane S, Murai K, Yoshioka T, Nishio A, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Pentraxin 3 is an adipose tissue-related serum marker for pancreatic cancer cachexia predicting subsequent muscle mass and visceral fat loss. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4311-4326. [PMID: 36074525 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by ongoing skeletal muscle mass loss, is accompanied by adipose tissue loss and strongly affects chemotherapy endurance. Our aim was to detect a serum marker reflecting pancreatic cancer cachexia and predicting subsequent loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue, focusing on adipose tissue-secreted proteins. Murine-derived pancreatic cancer cells were orthotopically injected into the mouse pancreatic tail. After 3 weeks, RNA sequencing of perigonadal fat and orthotopic tumors was carried out. We analyzed stocked sera and clinical data of metastatic pancreatic cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Perigonadal fat weight/body weight decreased in mice with orthotopic tumors compared to those without tumors. By RNA sequencing and real-time PCR validation, pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was identified as a secreted protein-encoded gene whose expression was significantly higher in the perigonadal fat of mice with orthotopic tumors than in that of mice without orthotopic tumors and was least expressed in orthotopic tumors. Serum PTX3 levels correlated with PTX3 mRNA levels in perigonadal fat and were higher in mice with orthotopic tumors than in those without tumors. In 84 patients diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer, patients with high serum PTX3 levels showed a greater visceral fat loss/month and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) decrease/month than those with low serum PTX3 levels. High serum PTX3 was an independent risk factor for visceral fat loss, decreased SMI, and poor prognosis. High serum PTX3 in pancreatic cancer patients predicts visceral fat and muscle mass loss and major clinical outcomes of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuma Shinkai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kumiko Shirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuta Myojin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Teppei Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Nishio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Miura Y, Sakurai T, Chen Z, Shrestha R, Kato S, Okada E, Ukawa S, Nakagawa T, Nakamura K, Tamakoshi A, Chiba H, Imai H, Minami H, Mizuta M, Hui SP. Comparison of dimension reduction methods on fatty acids food source study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18748. [PMID: 34548525 PMCID: PMC8455623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum fatty acids (FAs) exist in the four lipid fractions of triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Total fatty acids (TFAs) indicate the sum of FAs in them. In this study, four statistical analysis methods, which are independent component analysis (ICA), factor analysis, common principal component analysis (CPCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were conducted to uncover food sources of FAs among the four lipid fractions (CE, FFA, and TG + PL). Among the methods, ICA provided the most suggestive results. To distinguish the animal fat intake from endogenous fatty acids, FFA variables in ICA and factor analysis were studied. ICA provided more distinct suggestions of FA food sources (endogenous, plant oil intake, animal fat intake, and fish oil intake) than factor analysis. Moreover, ICA was discovered as a new approach to distinguish animal FAs from endogenous FAs, which will have an impact on epidemiological studies. In addition, the correlation coefficients between a published dataset of food FA compositions and the loading values obtained in the present ICA study suggested specific foods as serum FA sources. In conclusion, we found that ICA is a useful tool to uncover food sources of serum FAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Rojeet Shrestha
- Patients Choice Laboratories, 7026 Corporate Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46278, USA
| | - Sota Kato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | | | - Koshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Computer Science and Information Technology Mathematical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minami
- Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizuta
- Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Unger AL, Jetton TL, Kraft J. Tissue and Circulating Fatty Acids as Biomarkers to Evaluate Long-Term Fat Intake Are Tissue and Sex Dependent in CD-1 Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:1779-1790. [PMID: 33982087 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no consensus on which tissues are optimal for assessing specific diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) as biomarkers for long-term dietary studies. OBJECTIVES This study measured the content of unique diet-derived FAs from dairy, echium, and fish in tissues (adipose, muscle, liver, erythrocyte membranes, and plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, and free fatty acids) after long-term feeding in CD-1 mice. METHODS Beginning at weaning, mice (n = 10-11/sex/diet) were fed 1 of 4 diets (40% kcal/total energy) that only differed in FA composition: control fat blend (CON), reflecting the FA profile of the average US American diet, or CON supplemented with 30% of fish oil (FO), dairy fat (DF), or echium oil (EO). After 13 mo, tissues were collected to determine FAs via gas-liquid chromatography. Tissue FAs were analyzed via 2-factor ANOVA, and relationships between FA intake and tissue content were assessed with Spearman correlations. RESULTS As anticipated, 20:5n-3 (ω-3) tissue content was ≤32-fold greater in FO- compared with CON-fed mice (P < 0.05). In addition, 20:5n-3 intake strongly correlated with its content in all tissues (ρ = 0.67-0.76; P < 0.05). Echium oil intake also influenced tissue FA content in mice as expected. For example, 18:3n-6 was ≤25-fold greater in adipose, muscle, and liver tissues of EO-fed compared with CON-fed mice (P < 0.05). Tissue content of FAs typically considered biomarkers of dairy fat intake (15:0, 16:1 t9, and 17:0) was often not greater in mice fed DF than other diet groups, although 18:2 c9, t11 content was ≤6-fold greater in tissues from DF-fed compared with CON-fed mice (P < 0.05). The content of dairy-derived FAs in blood fractions of females was up to 2-fold greater compared with males, whereas docosapentaenoic acid content was up to 1-fold greater in all blood fractions and in liver tissue of males compared with females (P < 0.05). In adipose, muscle, and liver tissue, the content of γ-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid was less than 1-fold greater in females than in males (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the distribution of dietary FAs is tissue and sex dependent in aged CD-1 mice. Research using FA biomarkers should assess a combination of FA biomarkers to accurately validate patterns of FA intake and source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Unger
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas L Jetton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Circulating Non-Esterified Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Fat Content and Composition in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020386. [PMID: 33546411 PMCID: PMC7913534 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) may be valuable as biomarkers for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition, as well as for other meat quality traits, in finishing heavy Duroc pigs. However, circulating NEFA composition may be affected by other factors such as age, fasting duration, and genetic variants related with adipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism pathways (e.g., SCD and LEPR). This study revealed that the circulating NEFA composition, especially the oleic acid content, reflects the metabolic status of an animal at a given time but has limited value as biomarker of intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition. Abstract Circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) can reflect the composition of dietary fat or adipose tissues depending on the fasting conditions. Therefore, circulating NEFA may be valuable as biomarkers for meat quality traits, such as intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs. Genetic variants that regulate lipid metabolism can also modulate the circulating NEFA. We conducted an experiment with 150 heavy Duroc pigs to evaluate fluctuations in the circulating NEFA composition due to age, fasting duration and two genetic polymorphisms, one in the leptin receptor (LEPR; rs709596309) and one in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD; rs80912566) gene. Circulating NEFA were more saturated and less monounsaturated than the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Absolute circulating NEFA content was more influenced by fasting duration than age. The SCD polymorphism did not impact NEFA content or composition. The LEPR polymorphism affected the content but not the fatty acid composition. Circulating oleic acid NEFA content after a short fasting was positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and, after a long fasting, with intramuscular oleic acid content. We conclude that circulating NEFA reflect environmental and genetic metabolic changes but are of limited value as biomarkers for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Furtado JD, Beqari J, Campos H. Comparison of the Utility of Total Plasma Fatty Acids Versus those in Cholesteryl Ester, Phospholipid, and Triglyceride as Biomarkers of Fatty Acid Intake. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092081. [PMID: 31484459 PMCID: PMC6770493 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Total plasma fatty acids or those in cholesteryl ester and phospholipids are often used to reflect fatty acid intake in epidemiological studies, but their relative performance as biomarkers of intake has not been clearly evaluated within a single population. The assessment of fatty acids in plasma fractions is more labor intensive. Thus, their use as biomarkers of dietary intake needs to be justified. Dietary intake was assessed in 200 population-based controls from a case-control study of diet and heart disease in Costa Rica by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fatty acids in fasting whole plasma and plasma fractions (cholesteryl ester, phospholipid, and triglyceride + free fatty acid) were measured in the 200 controls by the same laboratory using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). We compared the plasma and plasma fractions data with the FFQ and adipose fatty acid profile using partial Spearman correlations to assess utility as biomarkers of intake and exposure. We found that whole plasma was equally or more strongly correlated with the FFQ and adipose fatty acid profile than either cholesteryl ester or phospholipid in most of the established markers of dietary intake, including dairy (15:0 and 17:0) and seafood (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Of the three plasma fractions, only fatty acids in the plasma triglyceride + free fatty acid fraction had stronger correlations with dietary intake than whole plasma. In our study population, fatty acids measured in fasting whole plasma perform as good as or better than those measured in plasma fractions as biomarkers for dietary fatty acid intake. Thus, the fractionation of plasma to evaluate long-term fatty acid intake may not be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Furtado
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jorind Beqari
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannia Campos
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Moura e Dias M, Pais Siqueira N, Lopes da Conceição L, Aparecida dos Reis S, Xavier Valente F, Maciel dos Santos Dias M, de Oliveira Barbosa Rosa C, Oliveira de Paula S, da Matta SLP, Licursi de Oliveira L, Bressan J, Gouveia Peluzio MDC. Consumption of virgin coconut oil in Wistar rats increases saturated fatty acids in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as adipose tissue inflammation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
9
|
Vaittinen M, Männistö V, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Tiainen M, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J. Interorgan cross talk between fatty acid metabolism, tissue inflammation, and FADS2 genotype in humans with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:545-552. [PMID: 28145068 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acid (FA) composition affects obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. It has been shown that the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2 gene polymorphism associates with FA metabolism and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FA metabolism and inflammation in different tissues and the possible interorgan cross talk. METHODS Cross-sectional baseline data from 155 individuals with obesity (both male and female) participating in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation in the ongoing Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study were used. Gas chromatograph for FA composition, liver histology, and targeted RNA expression for gene expression profile were performed. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion in AT correlated positively with inflammation in subcutaneous AT (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT) but not in the liver, while the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion in SAT and VAT correlated negatively with AT inflammation. Notably, there was a positive correlation between AT n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but not AT SFAs or MUFAs, and liver inflammation. This correlation was modified by the FADS2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS The AT FA profile relates with AT inflammation. Additionally, there seems to be a complex interaction, partly regulated by the FADS2 genotype, regulating the interaction between FAs in AT and liver inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Departments of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kucukgul A, Erdogan S. Low concentration of oleic acid exacerbates LPS-induced cell death and inflammation in human alveolar epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1267823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Altug Kucukgul
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Suat Erdogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frigolet ME, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:173S-181S. [PMID: 28096141 PMCID: PMC5227969 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (palmitoleic acid) is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissues, particularly adipose tissue and liver. Its endogenous production by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gives rise to its cis isoform, cis-palmitoleate. Although trans-palmitoleate is also synthesized in humans, it is mainly found as an exogenous source in ruminant fat and dairy products. Recently, palmitoleate was considered to be a lipokine based on evidence demonstrating its release from adipose tissue and its metabolic effects on distant organs. After this finding, research has been performed to determine whether palmitoleate has beneficial effects on metabolism and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the current status of knowledge about palmitoleate, its metabolism, and its influence on metabolic abnormalities. Results have shown mixed cardiovascular effects, direct or inverse correlations with obesity, and hepatosteatosis, but a significant amelioration or prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes. Finally, the induction of palmitoleate release from adipose tissue, dietary intake, and its supplementation are all interventions with a potential impact on certain metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María E Frigolet
- Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maier F, Demmelmair H, Fugmann M, Hellmuth C, Lechner A, Koletzko B, Uhl O. Contribution of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin to the circulating NEFA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 110:55-61. [PMID: 26923087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are known to be associated with the development of insulin resistance. Recently, differences in the NEFA profile were found in subjects with history of gestational diabetes (postGDM) and healthy controls. Little is known about the NEFA sources in the postprandial state, which prevails most of the day in humans in modern societies. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential contributions of glycerophospholipid (GPL) and sphingomyelin (SM) fatty acids to the circulating NEFA. METHODS Serum-samples of 19 postGDM women and 20 controls were obtained in fasting state (t0) and 90 minutes (t90) after an oral glucose tolerance test. Fatty acid composition of NEFA and SM were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and GPL by gas chromatography. RESULTS The ratio of individual NEFA at t90 vs. t0 (t90/0-ratio) showed no difference between the two groups but increased with chain-length (7% for C16:1, 82% for C26:3). Only NEFA 10:0 was found with lower concentration at t0 and t90 in postGDM. At t90, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid correlated closely between NEFA and GPL in postGDM (20:5, 22:4, 22:5 and 22:6) and controls (20:3, 20:4 and 20:5). Very long-chain fatty acid 24:0 correlated significantly between NEFA and SM in postGDM and controls. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids correlated less between NEFA and GPL or SM. CONCLUSIONS The NEFA composition varied highly between fasting and fed state in both groups. GPL appeared to contribute long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, while SM appeared to contribute very long-chain fatty acids to the NEFA pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Maier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - Marina Fugmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany.
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fasting enriches liver triacylglycerol with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: implications for understanding the adipose-liver axis in serum docosahexaenoic acid regulation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:39. [PMID: 26386841 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of short-term fasting on coordinate changes in the fatty acid composition of adipose triacylglycerol (TAG), serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), liver TAG, and serum TAG and phospholipids in mice fed ad libitum or fasted for 16 h overnight. In contrast to previous reports under conditions of maximal lipolysis, adipose tissue TAG was not preferentially depleted of n-3 PUFA or any specific fatty acids, nor were there any striking changes in the serum NEFA composition. Short-term fasting did, however, increase the hepatic proportion of n-3 PUFA, and almost all individual species of n-3 PUFA showed relative and absolute increases. The relative proportion of n-6 PUFA in liver TAG also increased but to a lesser extent, resulting in a significant decrease in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (from 14.3 ± 2.54 to 9.6 ± 1.20), while the proportion of MUFA decreased significantly and SFA proportion did not change. Examination of genes involved in PUFA synthesis suggested that hepatic changes in the elongation and desaturation of precursor lipids could not explain this effect. Rather, an increase in the expression of fatty acid transporters specific for 22:6n-3 and other long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA likely mediated the observed hepatic enrichment. Analysis of serum phospholipids indicated a specific increase in the concentration of 22:6n-3 and 16:0, suggesting increased specific synthesis of DHA-enriched phospholipid by the liver for recirculation. Given the importance of blood phospholipid in distributing DHA to neural tissue, these findings have implications for understanding the adipose-liver-brain axis in n-3 PUFA metabolism.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
AbstractAdipose tissue (AT) fatty acid (FA) composition partly reflects habitual dietary intake. Circulating NEFA are mobilised from AT and might act as a minimally invasive surrogate marker of AT FA profile. Agreement between twenty-eight FA in AT and plasma NEFA was assessed using concordance coefficients in 204 male and female participants in a 12-month intervention using supplements to increase the intake of EPA and DHA. Concordance coefficients generally showed very poor agreement between AT FA and plasma NEFA at baseline SFA: 0·07; MUFA: 0·03; n-6 PUFA: 0·28; n-3 PUFA: 0·01). Participants were randomly divided into training (70 %) and validation (30 %) data sets, and models to predict AT and dietary FA were fitted using data from the training set, and their predictive ability was assessed using data from the validation set. AT n-6 PUFA and SFA were predicted from plasma NEFA with moderate accuracy (mean absolute percentage error n-6 PUFA: 11 % and SFA: 8 %), but predicted values were unable to distinguish between low, medium and high FA values, with only 25 % of n-6 PUFA and 33 % of SFA predicted values correctly assigned to the appropriate tertile group. Despite an association between AT and plasma NEFA EPA (P=0·001) and DHA (P=0·01) at baseline, there was no association after the intervention. To conclude, plasma NEFA are not a suitable surrogate for AT FA.
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between plasma nonesterified fatty acids species and adipose tissue fatty acid composition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74927. [PMID: 24098359 PMCID: PMC3788793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue (AT) is an established long-term biomarker for fatty acid (FA) intake and status, but AT samples are not easily available. Nonesterified FA composition in plasma (pNEFA) may be a good indicator of AT FA composition, because pNEFA are mainly generated by AT lipolysis. We investigated the correlation of 42 pNEFA and subcutaneous as well as visceral AT FA in 27 non-diabetic women with a median BMI of 36 kg/m2 (Q0.25: 25 kg/m2; Q0.75: 49 kg/m2). Close correlations of pNEFA and AT FA were found for odd-chain FA (15∶0 r = 0.838 and 0.862 for subcutaneous and visceral AT, respectively) and omega-3 FA (22∶6 r = 0.719/0.535), while no significant or low correlations were found for other FA including 18∶1 (r = 0.384/0.325) and 20∶4 (r = 0.386/0.266). Close correlations of pNEFA and AT FA were found for essential fatty acids, like 18∶2 (r = 0.541/0.610) and 20∶5 (r = 0.561/0.543). The lower correlation for some pNEFA species with AT FA indicates that the variation of most pNEFA is significantly affected by other FA sources and flux of FA to tissue, in addition to release from AT. A relevant influence of BMI on the level of correlation was shown for saturated FA. NEFA analysis in fasted plasma can serve as a virtual AT biopsy for some FA, and as a biomarker for intake of dairy products and sea fish.
Collapse
|
16
|
Viscarra JA, Ortiz RM. Cellular mechanisms regulating fuel metabolism in mammals: role of adipose tissue and lipids during prolonged food deprivation. Metabolism 2013; 62:889-97. [PMID: 23357530 PMCID: PMC3640658 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Food deprivation in mammals results in profound changes in fuel metabolism and substrate regulation. Among these changes are decreased reliance on the counter-regulatory dynamics by insulin-glucagon due to reduced glucose utilization, and increased concentrations of lipid substrates in plasma to meet the energetic demands of peripheral tissues. As the primary storage site of lipid substrates, adipose tissue must then be a primary contributor to the regulation of metabolism in food deprived states. Through its regulation of lipolysis, adipose tissue influences the availability of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein substrates. Additionally, lipid substrates can act as ligands to various nuclear receptors (retinoid x receptor (RXR), liver x receptor (LXR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)) and exhibit prominent regulatory capabilities over the expression of genes involved in substrate metabolism within various tissues. Therefore, through its control of lipolysis, adipose tissue also indirectly regulates the utilization of metabolic substrates within peripheral tissues. In this review, these processes are described in greater detail and the extent to which adipose tissue and lipid substrates regulate metabolism in food deprived mammals is explored with comments on future directions to better assess the contribution of adipose tissue to metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Abraham Viscarra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arriola A, Biuw M, Walton M, Moss S, Pomeroy P. Selective blubber fatty acid mobilization in lactating gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:441-50. [PMID: 23799838 DOI: 10.1086/671446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During negative energy balance periods, fatty acids (FAs) are mobilized to cover the metabolic demands of the body. FAs from adipose tissue are selectively mobilized according to their carbon length (CL) and number of double bonds (DBs); however, studies in vivo have focused only on fasting and nonlactating animals. During lactation, UK gray seals fast for 18 d, mobilizing a large amount of lipid from blubber to sustain their own metabolic demands and the nutritional requirements of pups. We investigated FA mobilization in individual gray seal mothers from two UK colonies sampled in 2005 and 2006. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine to what extent the mobilization observed from FAs in blubber can be explained as a function of FAs' CL and number of DBs. FAs were mobilized according to their structure, such that for a given CL, mobilization increased with the number of DBs, and for a given number of DBs, mobilization decreased as CL increased. This pattern of selective mobilization was very similar between colonies, although the relative amounts of component FAs in blubber at early lactation were different between them. FAs, which are considered crucial to pup development, were mobilized more than predicted by the model. This suggests that selective mobilization of FAs is not related solely to the physicochemical characteristics of the FAs but also to the needs of a growing pup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Arriola
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eissing L, Scherer T, Tödter K, Knippschild U, Greve JW, Buurman WA, Pinnschmidt HO, Rensen SS, Wolf AM, Bartelt A, Heeren J, Buettner C, Scheja L. De novo lipogenesis in human fat and liver is linked to ChREBP-β and metabolic health. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1528. [PMID: 23443556 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical interest in de novo lipogenesis has been sparked by recent studies in rodents demonstrating that de novo lipogenesis specifically in white adipose tissue produces the insulin-sensitizing fatty acid palmitoleate. By contrast, hepatic lipogenesis is thought to contribute to metabolic disease. How de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissue versus liver is altered in human obesity and insulin resistance is poorly understood. Here we show that lipogenic enzymes and the glucose transporter-4 are markedly decreased in white adipose tissue of insulin-resistant obese individuals compared with non-obese controls. By contrast, lipogenic enzymes are substantially upregulated in the liver of obese subjects. Bariatric weight loss restored de novo lipogenesis and glucose transporter-4 gene expression in white adipose tissue. Notably, lipogenic gene expression in both white adipose tissue and liver was strongly linked to the expression of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-β and to metabolic risk markers. Thus, de novo lipogenesis predicts metabolic health in humans in a tissue-specific manner and is likely regulated by glucose-dependent carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Eissing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Díaz-Villaseñor A, Granados O, González-Palacios B, Tovar-Palacio C, Torre-Villalvazo I, Olivares-García V, Torres N, Tovar AR. Differential modulation of the functionality of white adipose tissue of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats by the type of protein and the amount and type of fat. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1798-809. [PMID: 23773624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that several metabolic abnormalities developed during obesity are associated with the presence of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Diet is a key factor that modulates several functions of adipose tissue; however, each nutrient in the diet produces specific changes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effect of the interaction of the type (coconut or soybean oil) and amount (5% or 10%) of fat with the type of dietary protein (casein or soy protein) on the functionality of white adipose tissue of Zucker (fa/fa) rats. The results showed that soybean oil reduced adipocyte size and decreased esterified saturated fatty acids in white adipose tissue. Excess dietary fat also modified the composition of esterified fatty acids in white adipose tissue, increased the secretion of saturated fatty acids to serum from white adipose tissue and reduced the process of fatty acids re-esterification. On the other hand, soy protein sensitized the activation of the hormone-sensitive lipase by increasing the phosphorylation of this enzyme (Ser 563) despite rats fed soy protein were normoglucagonemic, in contrast with rats fed casein that showed hyperglucagonemia but reduced hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation. Finally, in white adipose tissue, the interaction between the tested dietary components modulated the transcription/translation process of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes via the activity of the PERK-endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Therefore, our results showed that the type of protein and the type and amount of dietary fat selectively modify the activity of white adipose tissue, even in a genetic model of obesity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Contreras GA, Kirkwood RN, Sordillo LM. Mononuclear leukocyte fatty acid composition and inflammatory phenotype in periparturient and lactating sows. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:174-87. [PMID: 23100601 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma NEFA concentrations and compromised immune responses are associated with increased disease susceptibility during farrowing and lactation. Increased plasma NEFA concentrations cause changes in the fatty acid (FA) content of plasma lipid fractions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that could modify inflammatory responses. The goals of this study were to describe changes in plasma lipid composition and to characterize the FA content and proinflammatory phenotype of PBMC in periparturient and lactating sows. Blood samples from 10 sows were collected at 2 wk prefarrow, at 2 d after farrowing (hereafter referred to as farrowing), and at 18 d of lactation (hereafter referred to as lactation). Total lipids and lipid fractions were extracted from plasma and PBMC. Isolated PBMC also were assessed for gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes involved in lipid mediator biosynthesis using quantitative PCR. The FA profile of plasma NEFA, phospholipids, neutral lipids, and PBMC phospholipids differed from the composition of total lipids in plasma. At farrowing and lactation, the proportion of palmitic and stearic acids increased (P<0.05) in the plasma NEFA and phospholipid fractions in comparison with prefarrowing concentrations. At the same time, the concentration of palmitic and linoleic acids increased (P<0.05) in the PBMC phospholipid fraction. Omega-3 FA, including docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, increased (P<0.05) at farrowing in plasma and PBMC phospholipids compared with prefarrowing and lactation. Gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) decreased (P<0.05) after farrowing and in lactation. Similarly, cyclooxygenase expression was reduced during lactation when compared with farrowing (P<0.05). This study demonstrated changes in FA composition of serum lipid fractions and PBMC cellular membranes. Furthermore, it provided an initial assessment of inflammatory responses in mononuclear cells as a function of plasma and PBMC content of saturated and omega-3 FA. Future studies need to address the effect of increased NEFA concentrations, the main hallmark of lipid mobilization, and changes in plasma and cellular lipid profiles on immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Giarola M, Rossi B, Mosconi E, Fontanella M, Marzola P, Scambi I, Sbarbati A, Mariotto G. Fast and minimally invasive determination of the unsaturation index of white fat depots by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Lipids 2011; 46:659-67. [PMID: 21574019 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years increasing interest has been devoted to the investigation of white adipose tissue (WAT) because hypo- or hyperfunction of WAT is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and other pathologies. The investigation and discrimination of different characteristics in adipose tissues by means of spectroscopic techniques appears as a topic of current interest, also in view of possible medical-technological applications. The aim of this work was to establish micro-Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of mammals fat tissue. After preliminary tests aimed at defining a suitable sample preparation protocol, Raman spectra of WAT specimens excised from mice of different ages were recorded in the energy range 750-3,350 cm⁻¹. Quantitative values of the unsaturation index were obtained through the calibration with HR-NMR spectra of lipid extracts. Raman spectroscopy detected a sharp increase in the unsaturation index between 22 and 30 days of age in close correspondence with the weaning of mice (21 days). The present results show that Raman spectroscopy is an inexpensive, fast and robust technique to analyze the unsaturation index of mammals fat tissues that could be routinely used in bioptic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Giarola
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun LB, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, Xu W, Zhang J, Xiang J, Li QG, Xiang Y, Wang DJ, Zhang CY. Serum palmitic acid-oleic acid ratio and the risk of coronary artery disease: a case-control study. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:311-7. [PMID: 20576421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum free fatty acids are risk factors for future coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the association between serum palmitic acid (PA)-oleic acid (OA) ratio and CAD risk in a case-control (n=108/129) study. The PA-OA ratio was associated with future CAD events independently of standard lipid values. The PA-OA ratio was significantly associated with the risk of fatal CAD [odds ratio (OR): 60.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.5-316.9; P<.001] while inversely associated in nonfatal CAD group (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.53; P<.01), and no distinct modification by sex was found. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis found that PA-OA ratio did as well as triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B (apo B)-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) ratio at discriminating fatal CAD (area under ROC, TG, 0.692; apo B-HDLC, 0.683; PA-OA, 0.768, P<.001), and had similar effect with HDLC at discriminating nonfatal CADs (area under ROC, HDLC, 0.649; PA-OA, 0.659, P<.01).These findings suggested that PA-OA ratio did as well as and even better than traditional risk factors and arteriography examination in discriminating fatal and nonfatal CAD events. Serum PA-OA ratio could be a new factor for CAD risk assessment and prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-bing Sun
- Jiangsu Diabetes Center, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ogura T, Takada H, Okuno M, Kitade H, Matsuura T, Kwon M, Arita S, Hamazaki K, Itomura M, Hamazaki T. Fatty acid composition of plasma, erythrocytes and adipose: their correlations and effects of age and sex. Lipids 2010; 45:137-44. [PMID: 20094809 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and the correlation of fatty acid values of plasma and erythrocytes had not been reported in Japan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fatty acid composition and correlation of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids (PL) and adipose triacylglycerols (TG) in 75 adult patients admitted for non-malignant diseases. We also examined the relationship of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with patients' characteristics. The total n-3 PUFA were 11.2, 11.8 and 1.9%, and the ratios of n-6/n-3 were 2.41, 1.87 and 8.20 in plasma and erythrocyte PL and adipose TG, respectively. There were the highest correlations for total n-3 PUFA and the n-6/n-3 ratio between plasma and erythrocyte PL and adipose TG. There was a positive correlation between n-3 PUFAs and age, but a negative correlation was found between n-6 PUFAs and age. There was no significant difference in the values of PUFAs in plasma and erythrocyte PL and adipose TG between men and women. The patients with cholesterol cholecystolithiasis showed a significantly lower proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma and erythrocyte PL than those of the other patients. Our findings suggest that PUFA in plasma and erythrocyte PL may be good biomarkers and more acceptable for studying participants than adipose TG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhiro Ogura
- Division of Surgery, Takii Hospital of Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sánchez-Ávila N, Mata-Granados J, Ruiz-Jiménez J, Luque de Castro M. Fast, sensitive and highly discriminant gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for profiling analysis of fatty acids in serum. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6864-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Lockheart MSK, Steffen LM, Rebnord HM, Fimreite RL, Ringstad J, Thelle DS, Pedersen JI, Jacobs DR. Dietary patterns, food groups and myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:380-7. [PMID: 17391555 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Certain dietary patterns may be related to the risk of CVD. We hypothesised that a plant-centred dietary pattern would be associated with a reduced risk of first myocardial infarction (MI). A case-control study of Norwegian men and postmenopausal women (age 45-75 years) was performed. A FFQ was administered, generally within 3 d after incident MI (n 106 cases). Controls (n 105) were frequency matched on sex, age and geographic location. On the FFQ, 190 items were categorised into thirty-five food groups and an a priori healthy diet pattern score was created. We estimated OR using logistic regression with adjustment for energy intake, family history of heart disease, marital status, current smoking, education and age. Among food groups, the risk of MI was significantly higher per SD of butter and margarine (OR 1.66 (95 % CI 1.12, 2.46)), and lower per SD of tomatoes (OR 0.53 (95 % CI 0.35, 0.79)), high-fat fish (OR 0.57 (95 % CI 0.38, 0.86)), wine (OR 0.58 (95 % CI 0.41, 0.83)), salad (OR 0.59 (95 % CI 0.40, 0.87)), whole grain breakfast cereals (OR 0.64 (95 % CI 0.45, 0.90)), cruciferous vegetables (OR 0.66 (95 % CI 0.47, 0.93)) and non-hydrogenated vegetable oil (OR 0.68 (95 % CI 0.49, 0.95)). An abundance of cases were found to have a low a priori healthy diet pattern score. A dietary pattern emphasising nutrient-rich plant foods and high-fat fish and low in trans fatty acids was associated with decreased risk of MI among Norwegians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S K Lockheart
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sofie Biong A, Berstad P, Pedersen JI. Biomarkers for intake of dairy fat and dairy products. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Lathion C, Michalik L, Wahli W. Physiological ligands of PPARs in inflammation and lipid homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.1.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lena E Hjelte
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, B59, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rosell M, Johansson G, Berglund L, Vessby B, de Faire U, Hellénius ML. The relation between alcohol intake and physical activity and the fatty acids 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 in serum phospholipids and adipose tissue used as markers for dairy fat intake. Br J Nutr 2005; 93:115-21. [PMID: 15705233 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The relative contents of the fatty acids 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 in serum and adipose tissue may be used as biological markers of dairy fat intake. However, the determinants of these fatty acids are not fully understood. This study investigates the relationship between these fatty acids and the intake of macronutrients and physical activity in a cross-sectional study of 301 healthy men aged 61-64 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a pre-coded 7 d food record, and physical activity during the previous year was recorded in an interview. Under-reporters of energy intake were identified by the Goldberg cut-off. Fatty acid composition was determined in serum phospholipids (PL) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) from the upper buttock. The relative content of each of 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 in PL and AT was positively associated with the intake of dairy fat. In addition, all three fatty acids were inversely correlated with alcohol intake, R ranging from -0.28 to -0.53 (P<0.001). The results were not markedly affected when under-reporters (n 88) were excluded from the analyses. In both PL and AT, the relative content of the fatty acids was approximately 5% higher in a group of high physical activity compared with a group of low physical activity, although significant trends were only seen for 14 : 0 in PL and 17 : 0 in AT. The findings suggest that adjustments should be made for alcohol intake when the fatty acids 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 are applied as markers for dairy fat intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rosell
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Laaksonen DE, Laukkanen JA, Niskanen L, Nyyssönen K, Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Pukkala E, Hakkarainen A, Salonen JT. Serum linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to prostate and other cancers: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2004; 111:444-50. [PMID: 15221975 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary and serum fatty acid composition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate and other cancers, but findings have been conflicting. Cohort studies reporting serum fatty acid composition are lacking. We assessed the association of fatty acid composition determined from dietary records and serum with incident cancer of the prostate and any site in a population-based cohort of 2,002 middle-aged Finnish men who were free of cancer at baseline and during the first 4 years of follow-up. During 12.6 years of follow-up, 46 men developed prostate cancer and 151 any cancer. Men with proportions of serum nonesterified [risk ratio (RR) 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.12-0.66] and esterified linoleic acid (RR 0.37; 95% CI = 0.16-0.86) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (RR 0.30; 95% CI = 0.12-0.71) in the upper third were less than 1/3 as likely to develop prostate cancer during follow-up. Adjustment for possible confounders like socioeconomic status, physical activity, obesity and insulin concentrations did not attenuate the association. Similar but weaker associations with any cancer were found. Dietary linoleic acid intake also tended to be inversely associated with incident prostate cancer (age-adjusted RR for the upper vs. lower third 0.55; 95% CI = 0.26-1.14, p for the trend 0.097). Substitution of linoleic acid for saturated fat in middle-aged men consuming a high saturated-fat diet may decrease the risk of prostate and other cancers, although it is possible that some of the effect may be mediated by nutrients closely associated with vegetable fats.
Collapse
|
31
|
Iribarren C, Markovitz JH, Jacobs DR, Schreiner PJ, Daviglus M, Hibbeln JR. Dietary intake of n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish: Relationship with hostility in young adults—the CARDIA study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 58:24-31. [PMID: 14679363 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hostility has been shown to predict both the development and manifestation of coronary disease. Examining the inter-relation of dietary intake of fish and of polyunsaturated (n-3 and n-6) essential fatty acids with hostility may provide additional insights into the cardioprotective effect of dietary fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of dietary n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish with level of hostility in a sample of 3581 urban white and black young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study as part of an ongoing cohort study. A dietary assessment in 1992-1993 and measurement of hostility and other covariates in 1990-1991 were used in the analysis. RESULTS The multivariate odds ratios of scoring in the upper quartile of hostility (adjusting for age, sex, race, field center, educational attainment, marital status, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity) associated with one standard deviation increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) intake was 0.90 (95% CI=0.82-0.98; P=0.02). Consumption of any fish rich in n-3 fatty acids, compared to no consumption, was also independently associated with lower odds of high hostility (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.69-0.97; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high dietary intake of DHA and consumption of fish rich in n-3 fatty acids may be related to lower likelihood of high hostility in young adulthood. The association between dietary n-3 fatty acids and hostile personality merits further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Iribarren
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yli-Jama P, Seljeflot I, Meyer HE, Hjerkinn EM, Arnesen H, Pedersen JI. Serum non-esterified very long-chain PUFA are associated with markers of endothelial dysfunction. Atherosclerosis 2002; 164:275-81. [PMID: 12204798 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) fraction in association with atherosclerosis development. We have studied possible relationships between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in the NEFA fraction and biochemical markers of endothelial activation or dysfunction. The study population consisted of 152 elderly men with high risk for coronary heart disease. The composition of fasting serum NEFA was analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. Endothelial activation was evaluated using biochemical analyses of some markers of endothelial function. A significant inverse linear association was found between serum non-esterified EPA and DHA, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) (P=0.02 and 0.001, respectively). An inverse linear association was found between serum non-esterified AA and sVCAM-1 (P=0.001) and von Willebrand Factor (P=0.005). The significant inverse associations for DHA and AA were independent from the serum content of other NEFAs. Taken together, negative associations were found between sVCAM-1 and the serum levels of non-esterified DHA, EPA and AA. The inverse relation between the levels of sVCAM-1 and very long-chain n-3 fatty acids might indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Yli-Jama
- Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iso H, Sato S, Umemura U, Kudo M, Koike K, Kitamura A, Imano H, Okamura T, Naito Y, Shimamoto T. Linoleic acid, other fatty acids, and the risk of stroke. Stroke 2002; 33:2086-93. [PMID: 12154268 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000023890.25066.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of serum fatty acids as a risk factor for stroke and stroke subtypes is largely unknown. METHODS A prospective nested case-control study of Japanese 40 to 85 years of age was conducted through the use of frozen serum samples from 7450 participants in cardiovascular risk surveys collected from 1984 to 1989 for 1 community and 1989 to 1992 for the other 2 communities. By the end of 1998, we identified 197 incident strokes whose subtypes were confirmed by imaging studies. Three controls per case were selected by matching for sex, age, community, year of serum storage, and fasting status. RESULTS Compared with controls, total (n=197), hemorrhagic (n=75), and ischemic (n=122) strokes had similar proportions of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, lower proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids, and higher proportions of saturated and monosaturated acids, determined by gas chromatography. The multivariate odds ratios associated with a 1-SD increase in linoleic acid (5%) after adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, serum total cholesterol, and other cardiovascular risk factors were 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59 to 0.89] for total stroke, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.88) for ischemic stroke, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.88) for lacunar infarction, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12) for hemorrhagic stroke. The respective odds ratios for saturated fatty acids (4%) were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.65), 1.35 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.79), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.01), and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.80). Further adjustment for other fatty acids attenuated these relations, but the relation between linoleic acid and risk of ischemic stroke remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of linoleic acid may protect against ischemic stroke, possibly through potential mechanisms of decreased blood pressure, reduced platelet aggregation, and enhanced deformability of erythrocyte cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yli-Jama P, Meyer HE, Ringstad J, Pedersen JI. Serum free fatty acid pattern and risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study. J Intern Med 2002; 251:19-28. [PMID: 11851861 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between composition of serum free fatty acid (FFA) fraction and risk of a first myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN A case-control design. SETTING The patients were recruited from Ullevål Hospital in Oslo and Ostfold Central Hospital in Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg, Norway. SUBJECTS A total of 103 patients with first MI and 104 population controls, both men and postmenopausal women, age 45-75 years. RESULTS The mean molar percentage content of docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), stearic and myristic acid in the serum FFA fraction was significantly lower in cases than in controls, whereas that of oleic and linoleic acid was higher in cases. Increased percentage content of total very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (VLC n-3) in serum FFA was associated with decreased risk of MI. Multivariate odds ratio (OR), adjusted for age, sex, waist-hip ratio, smoking, family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) and years of education was 0.20 (95% CI 0.06-0.63) for the highest vs. lowest quartile. Also increased content of stearic acid was associated with decreased risk. Multivariate OR adjusted as above was 0.38 (95% CI 0.14-1.04) for the highest versus lowest quartile. After adjustment for oleic acid, however, the inverse linear trend was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS The percentage content of VLC n-3 as well as of stearic acid in serum FFA was inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction. That of VLC n-3 may reflect diet, but additionally these free fatty acids might in some way be related to the pathogenetic process and not only reflect their content in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Yli-Jama
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|