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Neidemire-Colley L, Robert J, Ackaoui A, Dorrance AM, Guimond M, Ranganathan P. Role of endothelial cells in graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033490. [PMID: 36505438 PMCID: PMC9727380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the only curative treatment for high-risk or refractory hematologic malignancies non-responsive to standard chemotherapy is allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a donor T cell-mediated immunological disorder that is frequently fatal and the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients post allo-HCT. The pathogenesis of acute GVHD involves recognition of minor and/or major HLA mismatched host antigens by donor T cells followed by expansion, migration and finally end-organ damage due to combination of inflammatory cytokine secretion and direct cytotoxic effects. The endothelium is a thin layer of endothelial cells (EC) that line the innermost portion of the blood vessels and a key regulator in vascular homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Endothelial cells are activated by a wide range of inflammatory mediators including bacterial products, contents released from dying/apoptotic cells and cytokines and respond by secreting cytokines/chemokines that facilitate the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells to the site of inflammation. Endothelial cells can also be damaged prior to transplant as well as by alloreactive donor T cells. Prolonged EC activation results in dysfunction that plays a role in multiple post-transplant complications including but not limited to veno-occlusive disease (VOD), transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. In this mini review, we summarize the biology of endothelial cells, factors regulating EC activation and the role of ECs in inflammation and GVHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Neidemire-Colley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jérémy Robert
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Ackaoui
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrienne M. Dorrance
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martin Guimond
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Collège Bois de Boulogne, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Parvathi Ranganathan,
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2
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Lee YJ, Shin Y, Kim Y, Im HS, Kim H, Koh SJ, Min YJ, Jo JC, Choi Y. The soluble VCAM-1 level is a potential biomarker predicting severe acute graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:997. [PMID: 36127634 PMCID: PMC9487033 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the main reason for non-relapse mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We investigated the serum protein profiles of patients who had undergone HCT to identify predictive biomarkers of severe acute GVHD (aGVHD). Methods Serum samples were collected for 30 patients from day − 7 to day + 14 of HCT. The serum levels of plasma beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), platelet factor 4, and TNFSF-14 were measured by ELISA as potential biomarkers following 310 cytokine profiling array. Results The median age of the study patients was 53.5 years (range, 19–69). All grade and grade 2–4 aGVHD developed in 21 (70.0%) and 17 (56.7%) patients, respectively. Compared with their baseline levels on day − 7, β2-MG and sVCAM-1 were significantly increased on day + 14 of the HCT procedure (P = 0.028 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with a grade 2–4 severe aGVHD showed a significantly higher sVCAM-1 level at baseline (day-7) and at day + 14, compared with the other group with a grade 1 aGVHD or no aGVHD (P = 0.028 and P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion Higher sVCAM- levels at baseline and on day + 14 in HCT patients could be a significant predictive biomarker of severe aGVHD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10096-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerang Shin
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Su Im
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063346. [PMID: 35328769 PMCID: PMC8954705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Unai Galicia-García
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iraide Alloza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
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Zeng Y, Zhao K, Oros Klein K, Shao X, Fritzler MJ, Hudson M, Colmegna I, Pastinen T, Bernatsky S, Greenwood CMT. Thousands of CpGs Show DNA Methylation Differences in ACPA-Positive Individuals. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1349. [PMID: 34573331 PMCID: PMC8472734 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are often observed prior to a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We undertook a replication study to confirm CpG sites showing evidence of differential methylation in subjects positive vs. negative for ACPA, in a new subset of 112 individuals sampled from the population cohort and biobank CARTaGENE in Quebec, Canada. Targeted custom capture bisulfite sequencing was conducted at approximately 5.3 million CpGs located in regulatory or hypomethylated regions from whole blood; library and protocol improvements had been instituted between the original and this replication study, enabling better coverage and additional identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Using binomial regression models, we identified 19,472 ACPA-associated differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs), of which 430 overlapped with the 1909 DMCs reported by the original study; 814 DMRs of relevance were clustered by grouping adjacent DMCs into regions. Furthermore, we performed an additional integrative analysis by looking at the DMRs that overlap with RA related loci published in the GWAS Catalog, and protein-coding genes associated with these DMRs were enriched in the biological process of cell adhesion and involved in immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zeng
- PhD Program in Quantitative Life Sciences, Interfaculty Studies, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1E3, Canada;
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (K.Z.); (K.O.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Kaiqiong Zhao
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (K.Z.); (K.O.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Kathleen Oros Klein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (K.Z.); (K.O.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Marie Hudson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (K.Z.); (K.O.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.C.); (S.B.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.C.); (S.B.)
- Division of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada;
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.C.); (S.B.)
- Division of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Celia M. T. Greenwood
- PhD Program in Quantitative Life Sciences, Interfaculty Studies, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1E3, Canada;
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (K.Z.); (K.O.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada;
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
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5
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Grimm TM, Dierdorf NI, Betz K, Paone C, Hauck CR. PPM1F controls integrin activity via a conserved phospho-switch. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:211512. [PMID: 33119040 PMCID: PMC7604772 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of integrin activity is vital during development and tissue homeostasis, while derailment of integrin function contributes to pathophysiological processes. Phosphorylation of a conserved threonine motif (T788/T789) in the integrin β cytoplasmic domain increases integrin activity. Here, we report that T788/T789 functions as a phospho-switch, which determines the association with either talin and kindlin-2, the major integrin activators, or filaminA, an integrin activity suppressor. A genetic screen identifies the phosphatase PPM1F as the critical enzyme, which selectively and directly dephosphorylates the T788/T789 motif. PPM1F-deficient cell lines show constitutive integrin phosphorylation, exaggerated talin binding, increased integrin activity, and enhanced cell adhesion. These gain-of-function phenotypes are reverted by reexpression of active PPM1F, but not a phosphatase-dead mutant. Disruption of the ppm1f gene in mice results in early embryonic death at day E10.5. Together, PPM1F controls the T788/T789 phospho-switch in the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail and constitutes a novel target to modulate integrin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M. Grimm
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nina I. Dierdorf
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Betz
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Lehrstuhl Zelluläre Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christoph Paone
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R. Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Correspondence to Christof R. Hauck:
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6
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Armando F, Ferrari L, Arcari ML, Azzali G, Dallatana D, Ferrari M, Lombardi G, Zanfabro M, Di Lecce R, Lunghi P, Cameron ER, Cantoni AM, Corradi A. Endocanalicular transendothelial crossing (ETC): A novel intravasation mode used by HEK-EBNA293-VEGF-D cells during the metastatic process in a xenograft model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239932. [PMID: 33085676 PMCID: PMC7577447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, intravasation of the invasive tumor cell (TCi) represents one of the most relevant events. During the last years, models regarding cancer cell intravasation have been proposed, such as the “endocanalicular transendothelial crossing” (ETC) theory. This theory describes the interplay between two adjacent endothelial cells and the TCi or a leukocyte during intravasation. Two endothelial cells create a channel with their cell membranes, in which the cell fits in without involving endothelial cell intercellular junctions, reaching the lumen through a transendothelial passage. In the present study, ten SCID mice were subcutaneously xenotransplanted with the HEK-EBNA293-VEGF-D cell line and euthanized after 35 days. Post-mortem examinations were performed and proper specimens from tumors were collected. Routine histology and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, pAKT, pERK, ZEB-1, TWIST-1, F-actin, E-cadherin and LYVE-1 were performed followed by ultrastructural serial sections analysis. A novel experimental approach involving Computed Tomography (CT) combined with 3D digital model reconstruction was employed. The analysis of activated transcription factors supports that tumor cells at the periphery potentially underwent an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process. Topographical analysis of LYVE-1 immunolabeled lymphatics revealed a peritumoral localisation. TEM investigations of the lymphatic vessels combined with 3D digital modelling enhanced the understanding of the endotheliocytes behavior during TCi intravasation, clarifying the ETC theory. Serial ultrastructural analysis performed within tumor periphery revealed numerous cells during the ETC process. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that ETC is an intravasation mode more frequently used by the TCi than by leukocytes during intravasation in the HEK-EBNA293-VEGF-D xenograft model and lays down the potential basis for promising future studies regarding intravasation blocking therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail: (AMC); (FA); (LF)
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail: (AMC); (FA); (LF)
| | | | - Giacomo Azzali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Dallatana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maura Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna “B. Ubertini”, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guerino Lombardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna “B. Ubertini”, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanfabro
- Practitioner, 3D Veterinary Printing Project, Parma, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Diagnostic Imaging Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Lunghi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma,Parma, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Anna M. Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail: (AMC); (FA); (LF)
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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7
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Exposure to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupts Endothelial Tight and Adherens Junctions and Induces Pulmonary Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103437. [PMID: 32414036 PMCID: PMC7279309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are frequently encountered nanomaterials in our daily lives. Despite the benefits of ZnONPs in a variety of applications, many studies have shown potential health hazards of exposure to ZnONPs. We have shown that oropharyngeal aspiration of ZnONPs in mice increases lung inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration remain to be elucidated. Endothelium functions as a barrier between the blood stream and the blood vessel wall. Endothelial barrier dysfunction may increase infiltration of immune cells into the vessel wall and underlying tissues. This current study examined the effects of ZnONPs exposure on endothelial barriers. ZnONPs exposure increased leukocyte infiltration in the mouse lungs. In endothelial cells, ZnONPs reduced the continuity of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) at the cell junctions. ZnONPs induced adherens junction protein VE-cadherin internalization from membrane to cytosol and dissociation with β-catenin, leading to reduced and diffused staining of VE-cadherin and β-catenin at cell junctions. Our results demonstrated that ZnONPs disrupted both tight and adherens junctions, compromising the integrity and stability of the junction network, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, ZnONPs exposure in many different settings should be carefully evaluated for vascular effects and subsequent health impacts.
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8
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Klusmeier N, Schnittler HJ, Seebach J. A Novel Microscopic Assay Reveals Heterogeneous Regulation of Local Endothelial Barrier Function. Biophys J 2019; 116:1547-1559. [PMID: 30878197 PMCID: PMC6486479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are covered with endothelial cells on their inner surfaces, forming a selective and semipermeable barrier between the blood and the underlying tissue. Many pathological processes, such as inflammation or cancer metastasis, are accompanied by an increased vascular permeability. Progress in live cell imaging techniques has recently revealed that the structure of endothelial cell contacts is constantly reorganized and that endothelial junctions display high heterogeneities at a subcellular level even within one cell. Although it is assumed that this dynamic remodeling is associated with a local change in endothelial barrier function, a direct proof is missing mainly because of a lack of appropriate experimental techniques. Here, we describe a new assay to dynamically measure local endothelial barrier function with a lateral resolution of ∼15 μm and a temporal resolution of 1 min. In this setup, fluorescence-labeled molecules are added to the apical compartment of an endothelial monolayer, and the penetration of molecules from the apical to the basal compartment is recorded by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy utilizing the generated evanescent field. With this technique, we found a remarkable heterogeneity in the local permeability for albumin within confluent endothelial cell layers. In regions with low permeability, stimulation with the proinflammatory agent histamine results in a transient increase in paracellular permeability. The effect showed a high variability along the contact of one individual cell, indicating a local regulation of endothelial barrier function. In regions with high basal permeability, histamine had no obvious effect. In contrast, the barrier-enhancing drug forskolin reduces the permeability for albumin and dextran uniformly along the cell junctions. Because this new approach can be readily combined with other live cell imaging techniques, it will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying subcellular junctional reorganization during wound healing, inflammation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Klusmeier
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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9
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Colás-Algora N, Millán J. How many cadherins do human endothelial cells express? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1299-1317. [PMID: 30552441 PMCID: PMC11105309 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is the paradigm of a compartment generated by parallel cellular barriers that aims to transport oxygen, nutrients and immune cells in complex organisms. Vascular barrier dysfunction leads to fatal acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The endothelial barrier lines the inner side of vessels and is the main regulator of vascular permeability. Cadherins comprise a superfamily of 114 calcium-dependent adhesion proteins that contain conserved cadherin motifs and form cell-cell junctions in metazoans. In mature human endothelial cells, only VE (vascular endothelial)-cadherin and N (neural)-cadherin have been investigated in detail. Although both cadherins are essential for regulating endothelial permeability, no comprehensive expression studies to identify which other family members could play a relevant role in endothelial cells has so far been performed. Here, we have reviewed gene and protein expression databases to analyze cadherin expression in mature human endothelium and found that at least 24 cadherin superfamily members are significantly expressed. Based on data obtained from other cell types, organisms and experimental models, we discuss their potential functions, many of them unrelated to the formation of endothelial cell-cell junctions. The expression of this new set of endothelial cadherins highlights the important but still poorly defined roles of planar cell polarity, the Hippo pathway and mitochondria metabolism in human vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Colás-Algora
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Pandit AA, Gandham RK, Mukhopadhyay CS, Verma R, Sethi RS. Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of the PCP pathway in fipronil and endotoxin-induced lung damage. Respir Res 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 30709343 PMCID: PMC6359862 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmad Pandit
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India. National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - C S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - R S Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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11
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Joy SS, Siddiqui K. Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy in Relation to Adhesion Molecules. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:363-371. [PMID: 30332969 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666181017103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is considered as a most common microvascular complication of diabetes affected by one in three people who are suffered for diabetes. Several pathophysiological mechanisms and adhesion molecules may play an etiologic role in the development of diabetes and its complications. The adhesion molecules located on both leucocytes and endothelial cells and considered as important molecules which can assessed the endothelial function. The functions of adhesion molecules involved in the cellular margination, slow rolling and transmigration of leukocytes. Hyperglycemia and its immediate biochemical sequelae or the low-grade inflammation directly alter endothelial function or influence endothelial cell functioning indirectly by induce oxidative stress and activates leukocytosis and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by the increased expression of adhesion molecules, growth factors, inflammatory factors, chemokines etc. and results DR. This review summarized the several pathophysiological mechanisms and role of adhesion molecules in disruption of homeostasis of vasculature by leukocytes in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salini Scaria Joy
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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da Rosa Franchi Santos LF, Stadtlober NP, Costa Dall'Aqua LG, Scavuzzi BM, Guimarães PM, Flauzino T, Batisti Lozovoy MA, Mayumi Iriyoda TV, Vissoci Reiche EM, Dichi I, Maes M, Colado Simão A. Increased adhesion molecule levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships with severity of illness, autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome and cortisol levels. Lupus 2018; 27:380-388. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317723716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was performed to assess adhesion molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This case-control study examined 126 SLE patients and 48 healthy individuals. Blood levels of six adhesion molecules, cortisol, nuclear autoantibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) titers were measured, while disease activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. Results Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that PECAM-1 and PAI-1 predicted SLE with a sensitivity of 86.5% and a specificity of 81.3%. ANA titers were significantly and positively associated with PECAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and PAI-1, whereas there were no associations between anti-dsDNA titers and adhesion molecules. Cortisol was negatively associated with PCAM-1 and ICAM-1. There were significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and E-selectin and PAI-1. 14.8% of the variance in the SLEDAI score was explained by the regression on PECAM-1 and MetS. Conclusions Our data show that adhesion molecules, especially PECAM-1, are significantly associated with SLE and disease activity, suggesting that they play a role in SLE pathophysiology. While MetS, ANA titers and cortisol levels modulate adhesion molecule levels, these associations do not explain the increased levels of adhesion molecules in SLE. Increased levels of adhesion molecules are new drug targets in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N P Stadtlober
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - L G Costa Dall'Aqua
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - B M Scavuzzi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - P M Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - T Flauzino
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - M A Batisti Lozovoy
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - E M Vissoci Reiche
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - I Dichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - M Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A Colado Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Brazil
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13
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Yuan W, Pan QI, Chen G, Yan J, Xia J, Chen Y. E-cadherin expression in a rat model of acute pancreatitis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2088-2092. [PMID: 26668600 PMCID: PMC4665705 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical requirement exists for early biomarkers that can predict the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). In order to determine whether E-cadherin is associated with the severity of AP, a pancreatitic rat model was established and the expression levels of E-cadherin were detected. A study population of 24 Sprague Dawley rats was administered intraperitoneal injections of various concentrations of L-arginine in order to induce pancreatitis. Rats were assigned to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group based on the results of histological evaluations and the serum levels of amylase. An additional 8 rats received intraperitoneal injections of NaCl solution, as a control group. For each group, the serum concentrations of soluble E-cadherin and the expression levels of E-cadherin protein in the pancreatic tissue were detected. The results indicated that the rat model of pancreatitis was successfully established. Rats in the high concentration L-arginine treatment group, which exhibited a higher pancreatitis pathology score and level of serum amylase, were assigned to the SAP group. Low concentration L-arginine group rats were assigned to the MAP group. The pathology scores and levels of serum amylase in the SAP and MAP group rats were higher compared with the control group rats. The levels of serum E-cadherin were the most elevated in the SAP group. Statistically significant differences were detected in the SAP and MAP groups compared with the control group, and in the SAP group compared with the MAP group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of E-cadherin protein in the pancreatic tissue were elevated in the SAP group compared with the MAP and control groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that E-cadherin was overexpressed in SAP rats, and the overexpression of E-cadherin may be associated with the severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Q I Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Guochang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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14
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Allocca M, Fiorino G, Vermeire S, Reinisch W, Cataldi F, Danese S. Blockade of lymphocyte trafficking in inflammatory bowel diseases therapy: importance of specificity of endothelial target. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:885-95. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.917962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Marinković G, Kroon J, Hoogenboezem M, Hoeben KA, Ruiter MS, Kurakula K, Otermin Rubio I, Vos M, de Vries CJM, van Buul JD, de Waard V. Inhibition of GTPase Rac1 in endothelium by 6-mercaptopurine results in immunosuppression in nonimmune cells: new target for an old drug. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4370-8. [PMID: 24670805 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are well established immunosuppressive drugs. Common understanding of their immunosuppressive properties is largely limited to immune cells. However, in this study, the mechanism underlying the protective role of 6-MP in endothelial cell activation is investigated. Because 6-MP and its derivative 6-thioguanosine-5'-triphosphate (6-T-GTP) were shown to block activation of GTPase Rac1 in T lymphocytes, we focused on Rac1-mediated processes in endothelial cells. Indeed, 6-MP and 6-T-GTP decreased Rac1 activation in endothelial cells. As a result, the compounds inhibited TNF-α-induced downstream signaling via JNK and reduced activation of transcription factors c-Jun, activating transcription factor-2 and, in addition, NF κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which led to decreased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, 6-MP and 6-T-GTP selectively decreased TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 protein levels. Rac1-mediated generation of cell membrane protrusions, which form docking structures to capture leukocytes, also was reduced by 6-MP/6-T-GTP. Consequently, leukocyte transmigration was inhibited after 6-MP/6-T-GTP treatment. These data underscore the anti-inflammatory effect of 6-MP and 6-T-GTP on endothelial cells by blocking Rac1 activation. Our data provide mechanistic insight that supports development of novel Rac1-specific therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Marinković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Giannotta M, Benedetti S, Tedesco FS, Corada M, Trani M, D'Antuono R, Millet Q, Orsenigo F, Gálvez BG, Cossu G, Dejana E. Targeting endothelial junctional adhesion molecule-A/ EPAC/ Rap-1 axis as a novel strategy to increase stem cell engraftment in dystrophic muscles. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 6:239-58. [PMID: 24378569 PMCID: PMC3927958 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are severe genetic diseases for which no efficacious therapies exist. Experimental clinical treatments include intra-arterial administration of vessel-associated stem cells, called mesoangioblasts (MABs). However, one of the limitations of this approach is the relatively low number of cells that engraft the diseased tissue, due, at least in part, to the sub-optimal efficiency of extravasation, whose mechanisms for MAB are unknown. Leukocytes emigrate into the inflamed tissues by crossing endothelial cell-to-cell junctions and junctional proteins direct and control leukocyte diapedesis. Here, we identify the endothelial junctional protein JAM-A as a key regulator of MAB extravasation. We show that JAM-A gene inactivation and JAM-A blocking antibodies strongly enhance MAB engraftment in dystrophic muscle. In the absence of JAM-A, the exchange factors EPAC-1 and 2 are down-regulated, which prevents the activation of the small GTPase Rap-1. As a consequence, junction tightening is reduced, allowing MAB diapedesis. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of Rap-1 increases MAB engraftment in dystrophic muscle, which results into a significant improvement of muscle function offering a novel strategy for stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giannotta
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy
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17
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18
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Huveneers S, de Rooij J. Mechanosensitive systems at the cadherin-F-actin interface. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:403-13. [PMID: 23524998 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells integrate biochemical and mechanical information to function within multicellular tissue. Within developing and remodeling tissues, mechanical forces contain instructive information that governs important cellular processes that include stem cell maintenance, differentiation and growth. Although the principles of signal transduction (protein phosphorylation, allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity and binding sites) are the same for biochemical and mechanical-induced signaling, the first step of mechanosensing, in which protein complexes under tension transduce changes in physical force into cellular signaling, is very different, and the molecular mechanisms are only beginning to be elucidated. In this Commentary, we focus on mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions, aiming to comprehend the molecular mechanisms involved. We describe how different junction structures are associated with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and how this relates to the magnitude and direction of forces at cell-cell junctions. We discuss which cell-cell adhesion receptors have been shown to take part in mechanotransduction. Then we outline the force-induced molecular events that might occur within a key mechanosensitive system at cell-cell junctions; the cadherin-F-actin interface, at which α-catenin and vinculin form a central module. Mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions emerges as an important signaling mechanism, and we present examples of its potential relevance for tissue development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Huveneers
- Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Schmidt S, Moser M, Sperandio M. The molecular basis of leukocyte recruitment and its deficiencies. Mol Immunol 2012; 55:49-58. [PMID: 23253941 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system responds to inflammation, infection and injury by recruiting neutrophils and other leukocytes. These cells are able to leave the intravascular compartment in a process called leukocyte recruitment. This process involves several distinct steps: selectin-mediated rolling, firm adhesion via integrins, postarrest modifications including adhesion strengthening and leukocyte crawling and finally transmigration into tissue. Genetic defects affecting the different steps of the cascade can result in severe impairment in leukocyte recruitment. So far, three leukocyte adhesion deficiencies (LAD I-III) have been described in humans. These LADs are rare autosomal recessive inherited disorders and, although clinically distinct, exhibit several common features including recurrent bacterial infections and leukocytosis. In LAD-I, mutations within the β2-integrin gene result in a severe defect in β2 integrin-mediated firm leukocyte adhesion. Defects in the posttranslational fucosylation of selectin ligands dramatically reduce leukocyte rolling and lead to LAD-II. Finally, LAD-III, also known as LAD-I variant, is caused by impaired integrin activation due to mutations within the kindlin-3 gene. This review provides an overview on the molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion and its deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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20
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Neutrophil Inhibitory Factor Selectively Inhibits the Endothelium-Driven Transmigration of Eosinophils In Vitro and Airway Eosinophilia in OVA-Induced Allergic Lung Inflammation. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:245909. [PMID: 23304174 PMCID: PMC3523160 DOI: 10.1155/2012/245909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion molecules are involved in cell recruitment in an allergic airway response and therefore provide a target for pharmaceutical intervention. Neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF), derived from canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), binds selectively and competes with the A-domain of CD11b for binding to ICAM-1. The effect of recombinant NIF was investigated. Intranasal administration of rNIF reduced pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized mice. In vitro, transendothelial migration of human blood eosinophils across IL-4-activated umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers was inhibited by rNIF (IC50: 4.6 ± 2.6 nM; mean ± SEM), but not across TNF or IL-1-activated HUVEC monolayers. Treatment of eosinophils with rNIF together with mAb 60.1 directed against CD11b or mAb 107 directed against the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) of the CD11b A-domain resulted in no further inhibition of transendothelial migration suggesting shared functional epitopes. In contrast, rNIF increased the inhibitory effect of blocking mAbs against CD18, CD11a, and VLA-4. Together, we show that rNIF, a selective antagonist of the A-domain of CD11b, has a prominent inhibitory effect on eosinophil transendothelial migration in vitro, which is congruent to the in vivo inhibition of OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation.
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21
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Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular permeability via the suppression of interleukin-8. Inflamm Res 2012; 62:145-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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22
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Martinez O, Leung LW, Basler CF. The role of antigen-presenting cells in filoviral hemorrhagic fever: gaps in current knowledge. Antiviral Res 2012; 93:416-28. [PMID: 22333482 PMCID: PMC3299938 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are highly lethal zoonotic agents of concern as emerging pathogens and potential bioweapons. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), particularly macrophages and dendritic cells, are targets of filovirus infection in vivo. Infection of these cell types has been proposed to contribute to the inflammation, activation of coagulation cascades and ineffective immune responses characteristic of filovirus hemorrhagic fever. However, many aspects of filovirus–APC interactions remain to be clarified. Among the unanswered questions: What determines the ability of filoviruses to replicate in different APC subsets? What are the cellular signaling pathways that sense infection and lead to production of copious quantities of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor? What are the mechanisms by which innate antiviral responses are disabled by these viruses, and how may these mechanisms contribute to inadequate adaptive immunity? A better understanding of these issues will clarify the pathogenesis of filoviral hemorrhagic fever and provide new avenues for development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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23
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Bottos A, Rissone A, Bussolino F, Arese M. Neurexins and neuroligins: synapses look out of the nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2655-66. [PMID: 21394644 PMCID: PMC11115133 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific interest in the family of the so-called nervous vascular parallels has been growing steadily for the past 15 years, either by addition of new members to the group or, lately, by deepening the analysis of established concepts and mediators. Proteins governing both neurons and vascular cells are known to be involved in events such as cell fate determination and migration/guidance but not in the last and apparently most complex step of nervous system development, the formation and maturation of synapses. Hence, the recent addition to this family of the specific synaptic proteins, Neurexin and Neuroligin, is a double innovation. The two proteins, which were thought to be "simple" adhesive links between the pre- and post-synaptic sides of chemical synapses, are in fact extremely complex and modulate the most subtle synaptic activities. We will discuss the relevant data and the intriguing challenge of transferring synaptic activities to vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bottos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino, IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment at Candiolo, Strada prov 142, km 3, 95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino, IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment at Candiolo, Strada prov 142, km 3, 95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino, IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment at Candiolo, Strada prov 142, km 3, 95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Marco Arese
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino, IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment at Candiolo, Strada prov 142, km 3, 95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
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25
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Endothelial LSP1 is involved in endothelial dome formation, minimizing vascular permeability changes during neutrophil transmigration in vivo. Blood 2010; 117:942-52. [PMID: 21030556 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-270561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium actively participates in neutrophil migration out of the vasculature via dynamic, cytoskeleton-dependent rearrangements leading to the formation of transmigratory cups in vitro, and to domes that completely surround the leukocyte in vivo. Leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), an F-actin-binding protein recently shown to be in the endothelium, is critical for effective transmigration, although the mechanism has remained elusive. Herein we show that endothelial LSP1 is expressed in the nucleus and cytosol of resting endothelial cells and associates with the cytoskeleton upon endothelial activation. Two-photon microscopy revealed that endothelial LSP1 was crucial for the formation of endothelial domes in vivo in response to neutrophil chemokine keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) as well as in response to endogenously produced chemokines stimulated by cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα] or interleukin-1β [IL-1β]). Endothelial domes were significantly reduced in Lsp1(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Lsp1(-/-) animals not only showed impaired neutrophil emigration after KC and TNFα stimulation, but also had disproportionate increases in vascular permeability. We demonstrate that endothelial LSP1 is recruited to the cytoskeleton in inflammation and plays an important role in forming endothelial domes thereby regulating neutrophil transendothelial migration. The permeability data may underscore the physiologic relevance of domes and the role for LSP1 in endothelial barrier integrity.
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Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular biology. Int J Clin Oncol 2010; 15:544-51. [PMID: 20924634 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are one of the representative components of host antitumor immune responses. Both the quality and quantity of TIL determine the effect of the antitumor immune reaction. Previous studies have indicated that patients with cancers showing massive infiltration of CD8(+) T cells generally have a better clinical outcome. Conversely, patients with marked infiltration of immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells tend to have a worse prognosis for several types of cancer. The density and distribution of TIL are also strongly affected by the trafficking route. Tumor-associated blood vessels in various cancers are structurally and functionally abnormal, and such abnormal vessels reportedly become an obstacle for infiltration of immune effector cells into tumors. Recently, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte trafficking has progressed rapidly. This review focuses on the mechanisms of lymphocyte trafficking to tumor cells and also discusses the importance of blood vessel for TIL trafficking, especially in relation to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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27
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Läubli H, Borsig L. Selectins promote tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:169-77. [PMID: 20452433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is facilitated by cell-cell interactions between cancer cells and endothelial cells in distant tissues. In addition, cancer cell interactions with platelets and leukocytes contribute to cancer cell adhesion, extravasation, and the establishment of metastatic lesions. Selectins are carbohydrate-binding molecules that bind to sialylated, fucosylated glycan structures, and are found on endothelial cells, platelets and leukocytes. There are three members of the selectin family: P-selectin expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells, L-selectin present on leukocytes and E-selectin expressed on activated endothelial cells. Besides the accepted roles of selectins in physiological processes, such as inflammation, immune response and hemostasis, there is accumulating evidence for the potential of selectins to contribute to a number of pathophysiological processes, including cancer metastasis. Cancer cell interactions with selectins are possible due to a frequent presence of carbohydrate determinants--selectin ligands on the cell surface of tumor cells from various type of cancer. The degree of selectin ligand expression by cancer cells is well correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis for cancer patients. Initial adhesion events of cancer cells facilitated by selectins result in activation of integrins, release of chemokines and are possibly associated with the formation of permissive metastatic microenvironment. While E-selectin has been evaluated as one of the initiating adhesion events during metastasis, it is becoming apparent that P-selectin and L-selectin-mediated interactions significantly contribute to this process as well. In this review we discuss the current evidence for selectins as potential facilitators of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Ásgeirsdóttir SA, Talman EG, de Graaf IA, Kamps JA, Satchell SC, Mathieson PW, Ruiters MH, Molema G. Targeted transfection increases siRNA uptake and gene silencing of primary endothelial cells in vitro — A quantitative study. J Control Release 2010; 141:241-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Grandoch M, Roscioni SS, Schmidt M. The role of Epac proteins, novel cAMP mediators, in the regulation of immune, lung and neuronal function. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:265-84. [PMID: 19912228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic degenerative inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Alzheimer's dementia, afflict millions of people around the world, causing death and debilitation. Despite the global impact of these diseases, there have been few innovative breakthroughs into their cause, treatment or cure. As with many debilitating disorders, chronic degenerative inflammatory diseases may be associated with defective or dysfunctional responses to second messengers, such as cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). The identification of the cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ras-like GTPases, Epac1 (also known as cAMP-GEF-I) and Epac2 (also known as cAMP-GEF-II), profoundly altered the prevailing assumptions concerning cAMP signalling, which until then had been solely associated with protein kinase A (PKA). Studies of the molecular mechanisms of Epac-related signalling have demonstrated that these novel cAMP sensors regulate many physiological processes either alone and/or in concert with PKA. These include calcium handling, cardiac and smooth muscle contraction, learning and memory, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. The diverse signalling properties of cAMP might be explained by spatio-temporal compartmentalization, as well as A-kinase anchoring proteins, which seem to coordinate Epac signalling networks. Future research should focus on the Epac-regulated dynamics of cAMP, and, hopefully, the development of compounds that specifically interfere with the Epac signalling system in order to determine the precise significance of Epac proteins in chronic degenerative inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Strategies for generating less toxic P-selectin inhibitors: Pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and counter pharmacophore screening to remove toxic hits. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:546-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aychek T, Miller K, Sagi-Assif O, Levy-Nissenbaum O, Israeli-Amit M, Pasmanik-Chor M, Jacob-Hirsch J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Witz IP. E-selectin regulates gene expression in metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells and enhances HMGB1 release. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1741-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schnekenburger J, Schick V, Krüger B, Manitz MP, Sorg C, Nacken W, Kerkhoff C, Kahlert A, Mayerle J, Domschke W, Lerch MM. The calcium binding protein S100A9 is essential for pancreatic leukocyte infiltration and induces disruption of cell-cell contacts. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:558-67. [PMID: 18452188 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration is an early and critical event in the development of acute pancreatitis. However, the mechanism of leukocyte transmigration into the pancreas and the function of leukocytes in initiating acute pancreatitis are still poorly understood. Here, we studied the role of S100A9 (MRP14), a calcium binding protein specifically released by polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMN), in the course of acute experimental pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced by repeated supramaximal caerulein injections in S100A9 deficient or S100A9 wild-type mice. We then determined S100A9 expression, trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) levels, serum amylase and lipase activities, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Cell-cell contact dissociation was analyzed in vitro with biovolume measurements of isolated acini after incubation with purified S100A8/A9 heterodimers, and in vivo as measurement of Evans Blue extravasation after intravenous application of S100A8/A9. Pancreatitis induced increased levels of S100A9 in the pancreas. However, infiltration of leukocytes and MPO activity in the lungs and pancreas during acute pancreatitis was decreased in S100A9-deficient mice and associated with significantly lower serum amylase and lipase activities as well as reduced intrapancreatic TAP-levels. Incubation of isolated pancreatic acini with purified S100A8/A9-heterodimers resulted in a rapid dissociation of acinar cell-cell contacts which was highly calcium-dependent. Consistent with these findings, in vivo application of S100A8/A9 in mice was in itself sufficient to induce pancreatic cell-cell contract dissociation as indicated by Evans Blue extravasation. These data show that the degree of intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation is influenced by the extent of leukocyte infiltration into the pancreas which, in turn, depends on the presence of S100A9 that is secreted from PMN. S100A9 directly affects leukocyte tissue invasion and mediates cell contact dissociation via its calcium binding properties.
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Ma C, Rong Y, Radiloff DR, Datto MB, Centeno B, Bao S, Cheng AWM, Lin F, Jiang S, Yeatman TJ, Wang XF. Extracellular matrix protein betaig-h3/TGFBI promotes metastasis of colon cancer by enhancing cell extravasation. Genes Dev 2008; 22:308-21. [PMID: 18245446 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1632008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis, the major cause of cancer death, is a multistep process that requires interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells and between cancer cells and extracellular matrix. Molecular alterations of the extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment have a considerable impact on the metastatic process during tumorigenesis. Here we report that elevated expression of betaig-h3/TGFBI (transforming growth factor, beta-induced), an extracellular matrix protein secreted by colon cancer cells, is associated with high-grade human colon cancers. Ectopic expression of the betaig-h3 protein enhanced the aggressiveness and altered the metastatic properties of colon cancer cells in vivo. Inhibition of betaig-h3 expression dramatically reduced metastasis. Mechanistically, betaig-h3 appears to promote extravasation, a critical step in the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells, by inducing the dissociation of VE-cadherin junctions between endothelial cells via activation of the integrin alphavbeta5-Src signaling pathway. Thus, cancers associated with overexpression of betaig-h3 may have an increased metastatic potential, leading to poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Ásgeirsdóttir SA, Zwiers PJ, Morselt HW, Moorlag HE, Bakker HI, Heeringa P, Kok JW, Kallenberg CGM, Molema G, Kamps JAAM. Inhibition of proinflammatory genes in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis by targeted dexamethasone-loaded AbEsel liposomes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294:F554-61. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00391.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
E-selectin-directed targeted drug delivery was analyzed in anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. Liposomes conjugated with anti-E-selectin antibodies (AbEsel liposomes) were internalized by activated endothelial cells in vitro through E-selectin-mediated endocytosis. At the onset of glomerulonephritis in mice, E-selectin was expressed on glomerular endothelial cells, which resulted in homing of AbEsel liposomes to glomeruli after intravenous administration. Accumulation of AbEsel liposomes in the kidney was 3.6 times higher than nontargeted IgG liposomes, whereas the accumulation of both liposomes in the clearance organs liver and spleen and in heart and lungs was comparable. In glomeruli, the AbEsel liposomes colocalized with the endothelial cell marker CD31. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of laser-microdissected arterioles, glomeruli, and postcapillary venules demonstrated that targeted delivery of dexamethasone by AbEsel liposomes reduced glomerular endothelial expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 60–70%. The expression of these genes was not modulated in endothelial cells in nontargeted renal microvasculatures. Decrease of glomerular endothelial activation at disease onset was followed by reduced albuminuria at day 7. This study demonstrates the potential of vascular bed-specific drug delivery aimed at disease-induced epitopes on the microvascular endothelial cells as a therapeutic strategy for glomerulonephritis.
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Ley K. The Microcirculation in Inflammation. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Ludwig T, Kirmse R, Poole K, Schwarz US. Probing cellular microenvironments and tissue remodeling by atomic force microscopy. Pflugers Arch 2007; 456:29-49. [PMID: 18058123 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The function of cells is strongly determined by the properties of their extracellular microenvironment. Biophysical parameters like environmental stiffness and fiber orientation in the surrounding matrix are important determinants of cell adhesion and migration. Processes like tissue maintenance, wound repair, cancer cell invasion, and morphogenesis depend critically on the ability of cells to actively sense and remodel their surroundings. Pericellular proteolytic activity and adaptation of migration tactics to the environment are strategies to achieve this aim. Little is known about the distinct regulatory mechanisms that are involved in these processes. The system's critical biophysical and biochemical determinants are well accessible by atomic force microscopy (AFM), a unique tool for functional, nanoscale probing and morphometric, high-resolution imaging of processes in live cells. This review highlights common principles of tissue remodeling and focuses on application examples of different AFM techniques, for example elasticity mapping, the combination of AFM and fluorescence microscopy, the morphometric imaging of proteolytic activity, and force spectroscopy applications of single molecules or individual cells. To achieve a more complete understanding of the processes underlying the interaction of cells with their environments, the combination of AFM force spectroscopy experiments will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ludwig
- Group Microenvironment of Tumor Cell Invasion, German Cancer Research Center, BIOQUANT-Zentrum; BQ 0009 NWG Ludwig, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Böckeler M, Ströher U, Seebach J, Afanasieva T, Suttorp N, Feldmann H, Schnittler H. Breakdown of Paraendothelial Barrier Function during Marburg Virus Infection Is Associated with Early Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule–1. J Infect Dis 2007; 196 Suppl 2:S337-46. [DOI: 10.1086/520606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, Nourshargh S. Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:678-89. [PMID: 17717539 DOI: 10.1038/nri2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2990] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment, lymphocyte recirculation and monocyte trafficking all require adhesion and transmigration through blood-vessel walls. The traditional three steps of rolling, activation and firm adhesion have recently been augmented and refined. Slow rolling, adhesion strengthening, intraluminal crawling and paracellular and transcellular migration are now recognized as separate, additional steps. In neutrophils, a second activation pathway has been discovered that does not require signalling through G-protein-coupled receptors and the signalling steps leading to integrin activation are beginning to emerge. This Review focuses on new aspects of one of the central paradigms of inflammation and immunity--the leukocyte adhesion cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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40
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Wu JC, Yan HC, Chen WT, Chen WH, Wang CJ, Chi YC, Kao WY. JNK signaling pathway is required for bFGF-mediated surface cadherin downregulation on HUVEC. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:421-9. [PMID: 18164704 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, is important in wound healing, inflammation, tumorigenesis and metastases. During this process, it is a critical step of the loosening of cellular interactions between endothelial cells, which are dependent on the architecture of adherens junction constructed by homophilic interactions of cell surface cadherins. Several studies suggested that the dynamic changes of cadherins are necessary during angiogenesis. However, the mechanism of cadherins regulation on endothelial cells requires further delineation. Here, we showed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a pivotal pro-angiogenic factor, can downregulate typical cadherins (E-, N-, P- and VE-cadherin) expression on the surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling. The bFGF-mediated surface cadherin downregulation was significantly reversed only when the HUVECs were treated with JNK inhibitor (SP600125), but not ERK (PD98059) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Infecting HUVECs with a dominant negative H-Ras mutant (Ras(S17N)) interferes bFGF-mediated cadherin downregulation, and the result suggests that bFGF attenuates surface cadherin expression on HUVECs via FGFR1 and intracellular Ras-JNK signaling. However, after growth factors withdrawal, FGFR1 blockade or JNK inhibition for 16 h, cadherins were re-expressed on cell surface of HUVECs. But the mRNA or total protein of cadherins had no significant change, suggesting that the effect of bFGF on cadherin expression may work through a post-translational control. Our data first suggest that JNK participates in bFGF-mediated surface cadherin downregulation. Loss of surface cadherins may affect the cell-cell interaction between endothelial cells and facilitate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chine Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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van Buul JD, Allingham MJ, Samson T, Meller J, Boulter E, García-Mata R, Burridge K. RhoG regulates endothelial apical cup assembly downstream from ICAM1 engagement and is involved in leukocyte trans-endothelial migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:1279-93. [PMID: 17875742 PMCID: PMC2064659 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200612053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During trans-endothelial migration (TEM), leukocytes use adhesion receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) to adhere to the endothelium. In response to this interaction, the endothelium throws up dynamic membrane protrusions, forming a cup that partially surrounds the adherent leukocyte. Little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate cup formation. In this study, we show that RhoG is activated downstream from ICAM1 engagement. This activation requires the intracellular domain of ICAM1. ICAM1 colocalizes with RhoG and binds to the RhoG-specific SH3-containing guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (SGEF). The SH3 domain of SGEF mediates this interaction. Depletion of endothelial RhoG by small interfering RNA does not affect leukocyte adhesion but decreases cup formation and inhibits leukocyte TEM. Silencing SGEF also results in a substantial reduction in RhoG activity, cup formation, and TEM. Together, these results identify a new signaling pathway involving RhoG and its exchange factor SGEF downstream from ICAM1 that is critical for leukocyte TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Matsutani T, Tanaka T, Tohya K, Otani K, Jang MH, Umemoto E, Taniguchi K, Hayasaka H, Ueda K, Miyasaka M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells employ multiple cell adhesion molecules sequentially to interact with high endothelial venule cells - molecular basis of their trafficking to lymph nodes. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1031-7. [PMID: 17804686 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are natural type I IFN-producing cells found in lymphoid tissues, where they support both innate and adaptive immune responses. They emigrate from the blood to lymph nodes, apparently through high endothelial venules (HEVs), but little is known about the mechanism. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms of pDC migration using freshly isolated DCs and HEV cells. We found that pDCs bound avidly to HEV cells and then transmigrated underneath them. Two observations suggested that these binding and migration steps are differentially regulated. First, treatment of pDCs with pertussis toxin blocked transmigration but not binding. Second, pDCs were able to bind but not to transmigrate under non-HEV endothelial cells, although the binding was observed to both HEV and non-HEV endothelial cells. Antibody inhibition studies indicated that the binding process was mediated by alphaL and alpha4 integrins on pDCs and by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on HEVs. The transmigration process was also mediated by alphaL and alpha4 integrins on pDCs, with junctional adhesion molecule-A on HEV cells apparently serving as an additional ligand for alphaL integrin. These data show for the first time that pDCs employ multiple adhesion molecules sequentially in the processes of adhesion to and transmigration through HEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsutani
- Laboratory of Immunodynamics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Bixel MG, Petri B, Khandoga AG, Khandoga A, Wolburg-Buchholz K, Wolburg H, März S, Krombach F, Vestweber D. A CD99-related antigen on endothelial cells mediates neutrophil but not lymphocyte extravasation in vivo. Blood 2007; 109:5327-36. [PMID: 17344467 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-043109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCD99 is a long-known leukocyte antigen that does not belong to any of the known protein families. It was recently found on endothelial cells, where it mediates transendothelial migration of human monocytes and lymphocyte recruitment into inflamed skin in the mouse. Here, we show that CD99L2, a recently cloned, widely expressed antigen of unknown function with moderate sequence homology to CD99, is expressed on mouse leukocytes and endothelial cells. Using antibodies, we found that CD99L2 and CD99 are involved in transendothelial migration of neutrophils in vitro and in the recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed peritoneum. Intravital and electron microscopy of cremaster venules revealed that blocking CD99L2 inhibited leukocyte transmigration through the vessel wall (diapedesis) at the level of the perivascular basement membrane. We were surprised to find that, in contrast to CD99, CD99L2 was not relevant for the extravasation of lymphocytes into inflamed tissue. Although each protein promoted cell aggregation of transfected cells, endothelial CD99 and CD99L2 participated in neutrophil extravasation independent of these proteins on neutrophils. Our results establish CD99L2 as a new endothelial surface protein involved in neutrophil extravasation. In addition, this is the first evidence for a role of CD99 and CD99L2 in the process of leukocyte diapedesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriele Bixel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung (ZMBE), Interdisziplinäres Klinisches Forschungszentrum Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Asgeirsdóttir SA, Kamps JAAM, Bakker HI, Zwiers PJ, Heeringa P, van der Weide K, van Goor H, Petersen AH, Morselt H, Moorlag HE, Steenbergen E, Kallenberg CG, Molema G. Site-specific inhibition of glomerulonephritis progression by targeted delivery of dexamethasone to glomerular endothelium. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:121-31. [PMID: 17452496 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.034140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis represents a group of renal diseases with glomerular inflammation as a common pathologic finding. Because of the underlying immunologic character of these disorders, they are frequently treated with glucocorticoids and cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents. Although effective, use of these compounds has limitations as a result of toxicity and systemic side effects. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that targeted delivery of dexamethasone (dexa) by immunoliposomes to activated glomerular endothelium decreases renal injury but prevents its systemic side effects. E-selectin was chosen as a target molecule based on its disease-specific expression on activated glomerular endothelium in a mouse anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. Site-selective delivery of Ab(Esel) liposome-encapsulated dexamethasone strongly reduced glomerular proinflammatory gene expression without affecting blood glucose levels, a severe side effect of administration of free dexamethasone. Dexa-Ab(Esel) liposomes reduced renal injury as shown by a reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels, decreased glomerular crescent formation, and down-regulation of disease-associated genes. Immunoliposomal drug delivery to glomerular endothelium presents a powerful new strategy for treatment of glomerulonephritis to sustain efficacy and prevent side effects of potent anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigridur A Asgeirsdóttir
- Medical Biology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Fuse C, Ishida Y, Hikita T, Asai T, Oku N. Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C Promotes Metastatic Potential of HT1080 Human Fibrosarcoma. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:8276-83. [PMID: 17227766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608836200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family is a key molecule in a process called transendothelial migration or diapedesis. Here, we report implications of JAM-C in cancer metastasis. We first determined the mRNA expression of JAMs in 19 kinds of cancer cell lines. JAM-C was expressed in most of tumors having potent metastatic properties. Especially in murine K-1735 melanoma cell lines, the highly metastatic sublines (M2 and X21) strongly expressed JAM-C when compared with the poorly metastatic ones (C-10 and C23). Next, we investigated the role of JAM-C in cancer metastasis by using human JAM-C (hJAM-C) gene-transfected HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In comparison with mock-transfected HT1080 cells, these cells showed a significant increase in the adhesion to various extracellular substrates and the invasion across a Matrigel-coated membrane. The knockdown of hJAM-C using small interfering RNA resulted in the suppression of both the adhesion and the invasion of HT1080 cells, suggesting that endogenous hJAM-C might be involved in tumor metastasis. Finally, we studied the role of hJAM-C in an in vivo experimental metastatic model. The results showed that the overexpression of hJAM-C in HT1080 cells significantly decreased the life spans of the tumorbearing mice. In contrast, the knockdown of hJAM-C in HT1080 cells suppressed the weight gain of the lungs with metastatic colonies. We conclude that the expression of JAM-C promotes metastasis by enhancing both the adhesion of cancer cells to extracellular matrices and the subsequent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Fuse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Center of Excellence Program in the 21st Century, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Kaila N, Janz K, Huang A, Moretto A, DeBernardo S, Bedard PW, Tam S, Clerin V, Keith JC, Tsao DHH, Sushkova N, Shaw GD, Camphausen RT, Schaub RG, Wang Q. 2-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[H]quinoline-4-carboxylic Acid (PSI-697): Identification of a Clinical Candidate from the Quinoline Salicylic Acid Series of P-Selectin Antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 50:40-64. [PMID: 17201409 DOI: 10.1021/jm060631p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
P-selectin-PSGL-1 interaction causes rolling of leukocytes on the endothelial cell surface, which subsequently leads to firm adherence and leukocyte transmigration through the vessel wall into the surrounding tissues. P-selectin is upregulated on the surface of both platelets and endothelium in a variety of atherosclerosis-associated conditions. Consequently, inhibition of this interaction by means of a small molecule P-selectin antagonist is an attractive strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. High-throughput screening and subsequent analoging had led to the identification of compound 1 as the lead candidate. Herein, we report the continuation of this work and the discovery of a second-generation series, the tetrahydrobenzoquinoline salicylic acids. These compounds have improved pharmacokinetic properties, and a number of them have shown oral efficacy in mouse and rat models of atherogenesis and vascular injury. The lead 31 (PSI-697), is currently in clinical development for the treatment of atherothrombotic vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Kaila
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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Drenkard D, Becke FM, Langstein J, Spruss T, Kunz-Schughart LA, Tan TE, Lim YC, Schwarz H. CD137 is expressed on blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation and enhances monocyte migratory activity. FASEB J 2006; 21:456-63. [PMID: 17167064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4739com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine receptor CD137 is a member of the TNF receptor family and a potent T cell costimulatory molecule. Its ligand is expressed on antigen presenting cells as a transmembrane protein and it too can deliver signals into the cells it is expressed on (reverse signaling). In monocytes, immobilized CD137 protein induces activation, prolongation of survival and proliferation. Here we show that recombinant immobilized CD137 protein enhances migration of monocytes in vitro. Further, CD137 expression on spheroids leads to a significantly enhanced infiltration by monocytes. The migration-inducing activity of CD137 could be confirmed in vivo. Matrigel, which was coated with recombinant CD137 protein and was inserted into the flanks of mice attracted large numbers of monocytes and was heavily infiltrated by these cells. In vivo, expression of CD137 by blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation was detectable by immunohistochemistry. CD137 expression is inducible by proinflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells, suggesting that a physiological function of CD137 may be the facilitation of monocyte extravasation in inflammatory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Drenkard
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Abstract
The recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation into tissues requires leukocyte migration through the vascular endothelium. The mechanisms by which leukocytes attach and firmly adhere to the endothelial cell surface have been studied in detail. However, much less is known about the last step in this process, the diapedesis of leukocytes through the vascular endothelium. This minireview focuses on the interactions between leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules that are important during leukocyte extravasation. In the past few years a series of endothelial cell surface and adhesion molecules have been identified that are located at endothelial cell contacts and found to participate in leukocyte diapedesis. These junctional cell adhesion molecules are believed to have an active role in controlling the opening and closure of endothelial cell contacts to allow the passage of leukocytes between adjacent endothelial cells. Alternatively, leukocytes can cross the endothelium at nonjunctional locations, with leukocytes migrating through a single endothelial cell. Further work is clearly needed to understand, in greater detail, the molecular mechanisms that allow leukocytes to cross the endothelium via either the paracellular or the transcellular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Petri
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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Li B, Zhao WD, Tan ZM, Fang WG, Zhu L, Chen YH. Involvement of Rho/ROCK signalling in small cell lung cancer migration through human brain microvascular endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4252-60. [PMID: 16828752 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells migration across human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) is an essential step of brain metastases. Here we investigated signalling pathways in HBMECs contributing to the process. Inhibition of endothelial Rho kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 and overexpression of ROCK dominant-negative mutant prevented SCLC cells, NCI-H209, transendothelial migration and the concomitant changes of tight junction. Conversely, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) had no effects. Furthermore, endothelial RhoA protein was activated during NCI-H209 cells transendothelial migration. Rho/ROCK participated in NCI-H209 cells transendothelial migration through regulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization. These results suggested that Rho/ROCK was required for SCLC cells transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 92 Bei Er Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
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Lange-Sperandio B, Schimpgen K, Rodenbeck B, Chavakis T, Bierhaus A, Nawroth P, Thornhill B, Schaefer F, Chevalier RL. Distinct roles of Mac-1 and its counter-receptors in neonatal obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2006; 69:81-8. [PMID: 16374427 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction during renal development leads to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Inflammatory macrophages are crucial in this process, and beta2-integrins play a major role in leukocyte recruitment. We investigated the role of beta2-integrins and their major counter-receptors (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-C) in obstructive nephropathy in neonatal mice. Two-day-old beta2-integrin-deficient mice (Mac-1-/- and LFA-1-/-(deficient for leukocyte function-associated antigen-1)) and wild-type mice (C57BL/6) underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or sham operation. After 1, 5 or 12 days of obstruction, renal macrophage infiltration and tubulointerstitial damage were quantitated. Tissue abundance of Mac-1 and its ligands ICAM-1, RAGE and JAM-C was examined by Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Deficiency of either integrin was associated with reduced early macrophage invasion into the obstructed kidney. After 12 days of UUO, macrophage infiltration and tubulointerstitial injury were reduced only in Mac-1-/- but not in LFA-1-/- mice. Besides ICAM-1, an upregulation of two novel Mac-1 ligands, RAGE and JAM-C were observed, however, with distinct time courses. We conclude that beta2-integrins mediate macrophage infiltration in UUO. Mac-1 is the predominant leukocyte integrin involved in leukocyte recruitment after obstruction. ICAM-1 and its new ligands RAGE and JAM-C are sequentially activated in UUO. Blocking of Mac-1 and its ligands may confer synergistic renoprotective effects in neonatal obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lange-Sperandio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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