1
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Kumar S, Singh A, Pandey P, Khopade A, Sawant KK. Application of sphingolipid-based nanocarriers in drug delivery: an overview. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:619-637. [PMID: 39072358 PMCID: PMC11412150 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2377066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SL) are well recognized for their cell signaling through extracellular and intracellular pathways. Based on chemistry different types of SL are biosynthesized in mammalian cells and have specific function in cellular activity. SL has an ampiphilic structure with have hydrophobic body attached to the polar head enables their use as a drug delivery agent in the form of nanocarriers. SL-based liposomes can improve the solubility of lipophilic drugs through host and drug complexes and are more stable than conventional liposomal formulations. Preclinical studies of SL nanocarriers are reported on topical delivery, oral delivery, ocular delivery, chemotherapeutic delivery, cardiovascular delivery and Alzheimer's disease. The commercial challenges and patents related to SL nanoformulations are highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kumar
- Formulation Research & Development-Non-Orals, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, 390012, Gujarat, India
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Formulation Research & Development-Non-Orals, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, 390012, Gujarat, India
| | - Prachi Pandey
- Krishna School of Pharmacy & Research, KPGU, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391243, India
| | - Ajay Khopade
- Formulation Research & Development-Non-Orals, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, 390012, Gujarat, India
| | - Krutika K Sawant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
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2
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Suresh P, London E. MαCD-based plasma membrane outer leaflet lipid exchange in mammalian cells to study insulin receptor activity. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:485-507. [PMID: 38971611 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Signaling receptors on the plasma membrane, such as insulin receptor, can have their activity modulated to some extent by their surrounding lipids. Studying the contribution of membrane lipid properties such as presence of ordered lipid domains or bilayer thickness on the activity of receptors has been a challenging objective in living cells. Using methyl-alpha cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange, we are able to alter the lipids of the outer leaflet plasma membrane of mammalian cells to investigate the effect of the properties of the exchanged lipid upon receptor function in live cells. In this article, we describe the technique of lipid exchange in detail and how it can be applied to better understand lipid-mediated regulation of insulin receptor activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavana Suresh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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3
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Timsina R, Hazen P, Trossi-Torres G, Khadka NK, Kalkat N, Mainali L. Cholesterol Content Regulates the Interaction of αA-, αB-, and α-Crystallin with the Model of Human Lens-Lipid Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1923. [PMID: 38339200 PMCID: PMC10855794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Crystallin (αABc) is a major protein comprised of αA-crystallin (αAc) and αB-crystallin (αBc) that is found in the human eye lens and works as a molecular chaperone by preventing the aggregation of proteins and providing tolerance to stress. However, with age and cataract formation, the concentration of αABc in the eye lens cytoplasm decreases, with a corresponding increase in the membrane-bound αABc. This study uses the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-labeling method to investigate the role of cholesterol (Chol) and Chol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the binding of αAc, αBc, and αABc to the Chol/model of human lens-lipid (Chol/MHLL) membranes. The maximum percentage of membrane surface occupied (MMSO) by αAc, αBc, and αABc to Chol/MHLL membranes at a mixing ratio of 0 followed the trends: MMSO (αAc) > MMSO (αBc) ≈ MMSO (αABc), indicating that a higher amount of αAc binds to these membranes compared to αBc and αABc. However, with an increase in the Chol concentration in the Chol/MHLL membranes, the MMSO by αAc, αBc, and αABc decreases until it is completely diminished at a mixing ratio of 1.5. The Ka of αAc, αBc, and αABc to Chol/MHLL membranes at a mixing ratio of 0 followed the trend: Ka (αBc) ≈ Ka (αABc) > Ka (αAc), but it was close to zero with the diminished binding at a Chol/MHLL mixing ratio of 1.5. The mobility near the membrane headgroup regions decreased with αAc, αBc, and αABc binding, and the Chol antagonized the capacity of the αAc, αBc, and αABc to decrease mobility near the headgroup regions. No significant change in membrane order near the headgroup regions was observed, with an increase in αAc, αBc, and αABc concentrations. Our results show that αAc, αBc, and αABc bind differently with Chol/MHLL membranes at mixing ratios of 0 and 0.5, decreasing the mobility and increasing hydrophobicity near the membrane headgroup region, likely forming the hydrophobic barrier for the passage of polar and ionic molecules, including antioxidants (glutathione), creating an oxidative environment inside the lens, leading to the development of cataracts. However, all binding was completely diminished at a mixing ratio of 1.5, indicating that high Chol and CBDs inhibit the binding of αAc, αBc, and αABc to membranes, preventing the formation of hydrophobic barriers and likely protecting against cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (R.T.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Preston Hazen
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.); (N.K.)
| | - Geraline Trossi-Torres
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.); (N.K.)
| | - Nawal K. Khadka
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (R.T.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Navdeep Kalkat
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.); (N.K.)
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (R.T.); (N.K.K.)
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.); (N.K.)
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4
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Krok E, Franquelim HG, Chattopadhyay M, Orlikowska-Rzeznik H, Schwille P, Piatkowski L. Nanoscale structural response of biomimetic cell membranes to controlled dehydration. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:72-84. [PMID: 38062887 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Although cell membranes exist in excess of water under physiological conditions, there are a number of biochemical processes, such as adsorption of biomacromolecules or membrane fusion events, that require partial or even complete transient dehydration of lipid membranes. Even though the dehydration process is crucial for understanding all fusion events, still little is known about the structural adaptation of lipid membranes when their interfacial hydration layer is perturbed. Here, we present the study of the nanoscale structural reorganization of phase-separated, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) under a wide range of hydration conditions. Model lipid membranes were characterised using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy and, crucially, without applying any chemical or physical modifications that have previously been considered essential for maintaining the membrane integrity upon dehydration. We revealed that decreasing the hydration state of the membrane leads to an enhanced mixing of lipids characteristic of the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase with those forming the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase. This is associated with a 2-fold decrease in the hydrophobic mismatch between the Ld and Lo lipid phases and a 3-fold decrease in the line tension for the fully desiccated membrane. Importantly, the observed changes in the hydrophobic mismatch, line tension, and lipid miscibility are fully reversible upon subsequent rehydration of the membrane. These findings provide a deeper insight into the fundamental processes, such as cell-cell fusion, that require partial dehydration at the interface of two membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Krok
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Leipzig University, Research and Transfer Center for Bioactive Matter, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madhurima Chattopadhyay
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hanna Orlikowska-Rzeznik
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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5
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Stolarek P, Bernat P, Różalski A. Adjustment in the Composition and Organization of Proteus mirabilis Lipids during the Swarming Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16461. [PMID: 38003652 PMCID: PMC10671106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract, is known for its dimorphism and mobility. A connection of lipid alterations, induced by the rods elongation process, with enhanced pathogenicity of long-form morphotype for the development of urinary tract infections, seems highly probable. Therefore, research on the adjustment in the composition and organization of P. mirabilis lipids forming elongated rods was undertaken. The analyses performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry showed that drastic modifications in the morphology of P. mirabilis rods that occur during the swarming process are directly related to deprivation of the long-form cells of PE 33:1 and PG 31:2 and their enrichment with PE 32:1, PE 34:1, PE 34:2, PG 30:2, PG 32:1, and PG 34:1. The analyses conducted by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed negligible effects of the swarming process on fatty acids synthesis. However, the constant proportions between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids confirmed that phenotypic modifications in the P. mirabilis rods induced by motility were independent of the saturation of the phospholipid tails. The method of the Förster resonance energy transfer revealed the influence of the swarming process on the melting of ordered lipid rafts present in the short-form rods, corresponding to the homogeneity of lipid bilayers in the long-form rods of P. mirabilis. Confocal microscope photographs visualized strong Rhod-PE fluorescence of the whole area of swarmer cells, in contrast to weak membrane fluorescence of non-swarmer cells. It suggested an increased permeability of the P. mirabilis bilayers in long-form rods morphologically adapted to the swarming process. These studies clearly demonstrate that swarming motility regulates the lipid composition and organization in P. mirabilis rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Stolarek
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Antoni Różalski
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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6
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Hazen P, Trossi-Torres G, Khadka NK, Timsina R, Mainali L. Binding of β L-Crystallin with Models of Animal and Human Eye Lens-Lipid Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13600. [PMID: 37686406 PMCID: PMC10487507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several discoveries show that with age and cataract formation, β-crystallin binds with the lens membrane or associates with other lens proteins, which bind with the fiber cell plasma membrane, accompanied by light scattering and cataract formation. However, how lipids (phospholipids and sphingolipids) and cholesterol (Chol) influence β-crystallin binding to the membrane is unclear. This research aims to elucidate the role of lipids and Chol in the binding of β-crystallin to the membrane and the membrane's physical properties (mobility, order, and hydrophobicity) with β-crystallin binding. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-labeling methods to investigate the binding of βL-crystallin with a model of porcine lens-lipid (MPLL), model of mouse lens-lipid (MMLL), and model of human lens-lipid (MHLL) membrane with and without Chol. Our results show that βL-crystallin binds with all of the investigated membranes in a saturation manner, and the maximum parentage of the membrane surface occupied (MMSO) by βL-crystallin and the binding affinity (Ka) of βL-crystallin to the membranes followed trends: MMSO (MPLL) > MMSO (MMLL) > MMSO (MHLL) and Ka (MHLL) > Ka (MMLL) ≈ Ka (MPLL), respectively, in which the presence of Chol reduces the MMSO and Ka for all membranes. The mobility near the headgroup regions of the membranes decreases with an increase in the binding of βL-crystallin; however, the decrease is more pronounced in the MPLL and MMLL membranes than the MHLL membrane. In the MPLL and MMLL membranes, the membranes become slightly ordered near the headgroup with an increase in βL-crystallin binding compared to the MHLL membrane. The hydrophobicity near the headgroup region of the membrane increases with βL-crystallin binding; however, the increase is more pronounced in the MPLL and MMLL membranes than the MHLL membrane, indicating that βL-crystallin binding creates a hydrophobic barrier for the passage of polar molecules, which supports the barrier hypothesis in cataract formation. However, in the presence of Chol, there is no significant increase in hydrophobicity with βL-crystallin binding, suggesting that Chol prevents the formation of a hydrophobic barrier, possibly protecting against cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston Hazen
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.)
| | - Geraline Trossi-Torres
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.)
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (N.K.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Nawal K. Khadka
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (N.K.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (N.K.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (P.H.); (G.T.-T.)
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (N.K.K.); (R.T.)
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7
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Whiting R, Stanton S, Kucheriava M, Smith AR, Pitts M, Robertson D, Kammer J, Li Z, Fologea D. Hypo-Osmotic Stress and Pore-Forming Toxins Adjust the Lipid Order in Sheep Red Blood Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:620. [PMID: 37504986 PMCID: PMC10385129 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid ordering in cell membranes has been increasingly recognized as an important factor in establishing and regulating a large variety of biological functions. Multiple investigations into lipid organization focused on assessing ordering from temperature-induced phase transitions, which are often well outside the physiological range. However, particular stresses elicited by environmental factors, such as hypo-osmotic stress or protein insertion into membranes, with respect to changes in lipid status and ordering at constant temperature are insufficiently described. To fill these gaps in our knowledge, we exploited the well-established ability of environmentally sensitive membrane probes to detect intramembrane changes at the molecular level. Our steady state fluorescence spectroscopy experiments focused on assessing changes in optical responses of Laurdan and diphenylhexatriene upon exposure of red blood cells to hypo-osmotic stress and pore-forming toxins at room temperature. We verified our utilized experimental systems by a direct comparison of the results with prior reports on artificial membranes and cholesterol-depleted membranes undergoing temperature changes. The significant changes observed in the lipid order after exposure to hypo-osmotic stress or pore-forming toxins resembled phase transitions of lipids in membranes, which we explained by considering the short-range interactions between membrane components and the hydrophobic mismatch between membrane thickness and inserted proteins. Our results suggest that measurements of optical responses from the membrane probes constitute an appropriate method for assessing the status of lipids and phase transitions in target membranes exposed to mechanical stresses or upon the insertion of transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Whiting
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Sevio Stanton
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | | | - Aviana R Smith
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Matt Pitts
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Daniel Robertson
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jacob Kammer
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, ID 83642, USA
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Daniel Fologea
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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8
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Reorganization of the outer layer of a model of the plasma membrane induced by a neuroprotective aminosterol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113115. [PMID: 36603410 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trodusquemine is an amphipathic aminosterol that has recently shown therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative diseases altering the binding of misfolded proteins to the cell membrane. To unravel the underlying mechanism, we studied the interactions between Trodusquemine (TRO) and lipid monolayers simulating the outer layer of the plasma membrane. We selected two different compositions of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol) and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) lipid mixture mimicking either a lipid-raft containing membrane (Ld+So phases) or a single-phase disordered membrane (Ld phase). Surface pressure-area isotherms and surface compressional modulus-area combined with Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM) provided the thermodynamic and morphological information on the lipid monolayer in the presence of increasing amounts of TRO in the monolayer. Experiments revealed that TRO forms stable spreading monolayers at the buffer-air interface where it undergoes multiple reversible phase transitions to bi- and tri-layers at the interface. When TRO was spread at the interface with the lipid mixtures, we found that it distributes in the lipid monolayer for both the selected lipid compositions, but a maximum TRO uptake in the rafts-containing monolayer was observed for a Lipid/TRO molar ratio equal to 3:2. Statistical analysis of BAM images revealed that TRO induces a decrease in the size of the condensed domains, an increase in their number and in the thickness mismatch between the Ld and So phase. Experiments and MD simulations converge to indicate that TRO adsorbs preferentially at the border of the So domains. Removal of GM1 from the lipid Ld+So mixture resulted in an even greater TRO-mediated reduction of the size of the So domains suggesting that the presence of GM1 hinders the localization of TRO at the So domains boundaries. Taken together these observations suggest that Trodusquemine influences the organization of lipid rafts within the neuronal membrane in a dose-dependent manner whereas it evenly distributes in disordered expanded phases of the membrane model.
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9
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Phase separation in polymer-based biomimetic structures containing planar membranes. Biointerphases 2022; 17:060802. [PMID: 36575113 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation in biological membranes is crucial for proper cellular functions, such as signaling and trafficking, as it mediates the interactions of condensates on membrane-bound organelles and transmembrane transport to targeted destination compartments. The separation of a lipid bilayer into phases and the formation of lipid rafts involve the restructuring of molecular localization, their immobilization, and local accumulation. By understanding the processes underlying the formation of lipid rafts in a cellular membrane, it is possible to reconstitute this phenomenon in synthetic biomimetic membranes, such as hybrids of lipids and polymers or membranes composed solely of polymers, which offer an increased physicochemical stability and unlimited possibilities of chemical modification and functionalization. In this article, we relate the main lipid bilayer phase transition phenomenon with respect to hybrid biomimetic membranes, composed of lipids mixed with polymers, and fully synthetic membranes. Following, we review the occurrence of phase separation in biomimetic hybrid membranes based on lipids and/or direct lipid analogs, amphiphilic block copolymers. We further exemplify the phase separation and the resulting properties and applications in planar membranes, free-standing and solid-supported. We briefly list methods leading to the formation of such biomimetic membranes and reflect on their improved overall stability and influence on the separation into different phases within the membranes. Due to the importance of phase separation and compartmentalization in cellular membranes, we are convinced that this compiled overview of this phenomenon will be helpful for any researcher in the biomimicry area.
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10
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Stroppa N, Onelli E, Moreau P, Maneta-Peyret L, Berno V, Cammarota E, Ambrosini R, Caccianiga M, Scali M, Moscatelli A. Sterols and Sphingolipids as New Players in Cell Wall Building and Apical Growth of Nicotiana tabacum L. Pollen Tubes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 36616135 PMCID: PMC9824051 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes are tip-growing cells that create safe routes to convey sperm cells to the embryo sac for double fertilization. Recent studies have purified and biochemically characterized detergent-insoluble membranes from tobacco pollen tubes. These microdomains, called lipid rafts, are rich in sterols and sphingolipids and are involved in cell polarization in organisms evolutionarily distant, such as fungi and mammals. The presence of actin in tobacco pollen tube detergent-insoluble membranes and the preferential distribution of these domains on the apical plasma membrane encouraged us to formulate the intriguing hypothesis that sterols and sphingolipids could be a "trait d'union" between actin dynamics and polarized secretion at the tip. To unravel the role of sterols and sphingolipids in tobacco pollen tube growth, we used squalestatin and myriocin, inhibitors of sterol and sphingolipid biosynthesis, respectively, to determine whether lipid modifications affect actin fringe morphology and dynamics, leading to changes in clear zone organization and cell wall deposition, thus suggesting a role played by these lipids in successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stroppa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Onelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Moreau
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Valeria Berno
- ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT 1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cammarota
- ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT 1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Scali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moscatelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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11
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Paul T, Saha J. Domain formation in model lipid–cholesterol liquid-crystalline aggregation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2134567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Paul
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - J. Saha
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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12
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Chattopadhyay M, Krok E, Orlikowska H, Schwille P, Franquelim HG, Piatkowski L. Hydration Layer of Only a Few Molecules Controls Lipid Mobility in Biomimetic Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14551-14562. [PMID: 34342967 PMCID: PMC8447254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Self-assembly of
biomembranes results from the intricate interactions
between water and the lipids’ hydrophilic head groups. Therefore,
the lipid–water interplay strongly contributes to modulating
membrane architecture, lipid diffusion, and chemical activity. Here,
we introduce a new method of obtaining dehydrated, phase-separated,
supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) solely by controlling the decrease
of their environment’s relative humidity. This facilitates
the study of the structure and dynamics of SLBs over a wide range
of hydration states. We show that the lipid domain structure of phase-separated
SLBs is largely insensitive to the presence of the hydration layer.
In stark contrast, lipid mobility is drastically affected by dehydration,
showing a 6-fold decrease in lateral diffusion. At the same time,
the diffusion activation energy increases approximately 2-fold for
the dehydrated membrane. The obtained results, correlated with the
hydration structure of a lipid molecule, revealed that about six to
seven water molecules directly hydrating the phosphocholine moiety
play a pivotal role in modulating lipid diffusion. These findings
could provide deeper insights into the fundamental reactions where
local dehydration occurs, for instance during cell–cell fusion,
and help us better understand the survivability of anhydrobiotic organisms.
Finally, the strong dependence of lipid mobility on the number of
hydrating water molecules opens up an application potential for SLBs
as very precise, nanoscale hydration sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chattopadhyay
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Krok
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Orlikowska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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13
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What Can Mushroom Proteins Teach Us about Lipid Rafts? MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040264. [PMID: 33917311 PMCID: PMC8067419 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lipid raft hypothesis emerged as a need to explain the lateral organization and behavior of lipids in the environment of biological membranes. The idea, that lipids segregate in biological membranes to form liquid-disordered and liquid-ordered states, was faced with a challenge: to show that lipid-ordered domains, enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol, actually exist in vivo. A great deal of indirect evidence and the use of lipid-binding probes supported this idea, but there was a lack of tools to demonstrate the existence of such domains in living cells. A whole new toolbox had to be invented to biochemically characterize lipid rafts and to define how they are involved in several cellular functions. A potential solution came from basic biochemical experiments in the late 1970s, showing that some mushroom extracts exert hemolytic activities. These activities were later assigned to aegerolysin-based sphingomyelin/cholesterol-specific cytolytic protein complexes. Recently, six sphingomyelin/cholesterol binding proteins from different mushrooms have been identified and have provided some insight into the nature of sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich domains in living vertebrate cells. In this review, we dissect the accumulated knowledge and introduce the mushroom lipid raft binding proteins as molecules of choice to study the dynamics and origins of these liquid-ordered domains in mammalian cells.
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14
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Changes in the Plant β-Sitosterol/Stigmasterol Ratio Caused by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020292. [PMID: 33557005 PMCID: PMC7913658 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sterols play a key role in various physiological processes of plants. Commonly, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol represent the main plant sterols, and cholesterol is often reported as a trace sterol. Changes in plant sterols, especially in β-sitosterol/stigmasterol levels, can be induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Plant parasitic nematodes, such as the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, are devastating pathogens known to circumvent plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the changes in sterols of agricultural important crops, Brassica juncea (brown mustard), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Glycine max (soybean), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Zea mays (corn), 21 days post inoculation (dpi) with M. incognita. The main changes affected the β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratio, with an increase of β-sitosterol and a decrease of stigmasterol in S. lycopersicum, G. max, C. sativus and Z. mays. Furthermore, cholesterol levels increased in tomato, cucumber and corn, while cholesterol levels often were below the detection limit in the respective uninfected plants. To better understand the changes in the β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratio, gene expression analysis was conducted in tomato cv. Moneymaker for the sterol 22C-desaturase gene CYP710A11, responsible for the conversion of β-sitosterol to stigmasterol. Our results showed that the expression of CYP710A11 was in line with the sterol profile of tomato after M. incognita infection. Since sterols play a key role in plant-pathogen interactions, this finding opens novel insights in plant nematode interactions.
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15
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Nigam P. Thermodynamic quantification of sodium dodecyl sulfate penetration in cholesterol and phospholipid monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Differential impact of synthetic antitumor lipid drugs on the membrane organization of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 229:104896. [PMID: 32184083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumour lipids are synthetic analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine. These drugs are both cytotoxic and cytostatic, and more interestingly, exert these effects preferentially in tumour cells. While the exact mechanism of action isn't fully elucidated, these drugs appear to preferentially partition into rigid lipid domains in cell membranes. Upon insertion, the compounds alter membrane domain organization, disrupt normal signal transduction, and cause cell death. Recently, it has been reported that these drugs induce accumulation of diacylglycerol in yeast cells which in turn sensitizes cells to the drugs. Conversely, phosphatidic acid accumulation appears to protect cells against the drugs. In the current work, the aim was to compare the biophysical effects of the drugs edelfosine, miltefosine and perifosine on monolayers of dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid, dimyristoyl glycerol and an equimolar mixture, to understand how these lipids modulate the mode of action. Surface pressure - area isotherms, compression moduli and Brewster angle microscopy were used to compare drug effects on lipid packing, monolayer compressibility and lateral domain organization of these films. Results suggest that edelfosine and miltefosine have stabilizing effects on all of the monolayers, while perifosine destabilizes dimyristoyl glycerol and the equimolar mixture. Additionally, all three drugs change the morphology of the domains observed. Based on these results the stabilization of diacylgylcerol by edelfosine and miltefosine may contribute to the mode of action as diacylglycerol is a known disruptor of bilayers. Perifosine however does not stabilize diacylglycerol, and therefore cell death may occur through a more direct inhibition of specific signal transduction. These results suggest that perifosine may illicit cytotoxicity through a different mechanism compared to the other antitumor lipid drugs.
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17
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Bender J, Schmidt C. Mass spectrometry of membrane protein complexes. Biol Chem 2020; 400:813-829. [PMID: 30956223 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are key players in the cell. Due to their hydrophobic nature they require solubilising agents such as detergents or membrane mimetics during purification and, consequently, are challenging targets in structural biology. In addition, their natural lipid environment is crucial for their structure and function further hampering their analysis. Alternative approaches are therefore required when the analysis by conventional techniques proves difficult. In this review, we highlight the broad application of mass spectrometry (MS) for the characterisation of membrane proteins and their interactions with lipids. We show that MS unambiguously identifies the protein and lipid components of membrane protein complexes, unravels their three-dimensional arrangements and further provides clues of protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bender
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Carla Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Centre, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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18
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Shen H, Wu Z, Zhao K, Yang H, Deng M, Wen S. Effect of Cholesterol and 6-Ketocholestanol on Membrane Dipole Potential and Sterol Flip-Flop Motion in Bilayer Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11232-11241. [PMID: 31373497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A variety of experimental and theoretical approaches have been employed to investigate the sterol flip-flop motion in lipid bilayer membranes. However, the sterol effect on the dipole potential of lipid bilayer membranes is less well studied and the influence of dipole potential on sterol flip-flop motion in lipid bilayer membranes is less well understood. In our previous works, we have demonstrated the performance of our coarse-grained (CG) model in the computation of the dipole potential. In this work, five 30 μs CG simulations of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers were carried out at different sterol concentrations (in a range from 10 to 50% mole fraction). Then, a comparison was made between the effects of cholesterol (CHOL) and 6-ketocholestanol (6-KC) on the dipole potential of DMPC lipid bilayers as well as the sterol flip-flop motion. Our CG simulations show that the membrane dipole potential is impacted more significantly by 6-KC than by CHOL. This finding is consistent with recent experimental studies. Meanwhile, our work suggests that the sterol-sterol interactions (in particular, electrostatic interactions) should be critical to the formation of sterol-sterol clusters, which would hinder the sterol flip-flop motion inside the lipid bilayers. This is in support of the recent experimental study on the sterol transportation in lipid bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujun Shen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Guizhou Education University , No. 115, Gaoxin Road , Guiyang , Guizhou 550018 , P. R. China
- School of Information , Guizhou University of Finance and Economics , University City of Huaxi District, Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- School of Information , Guizhou University of Finance and Economics , University City of Huaxi District, Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Information , Guizhou University of Finance and Economics , University City of Huaxi District, Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , P. R. China
| | - Hengxiu Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Guizhou Education University , No. 115, Gaoxin Road , Guiyang , Guizhou 550018 , P. R. China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Guizhou Education University , No. 115, Gaoxin Road , Guiyang , Guizhou 550018 , P. R. China
- School of Information , Guizhou University of Finance and Economics , University City of Huaxi District, Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , P. R. China
| | - Shuiguo Wen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Guizhou Education University , No. 115, Gaoxin Road , Guiyang , Guizhou 550018 , P. R. China
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19
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Helicobacter pylori lipids can form ordered membrane domains (rafts). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:183050. [PMID: 31449801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ordered lipid domains (rafts) are generally considered to be features of eukaryotic cells, but ordered lipid domains formed by cholesterol lipids have been identified in bacteria from the genus Borrelia, and similar cholesterol lipids exist in the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. To determine whether H. pylori lipids could form ordered membrane domains, we investigated domain formation in aqueous dispersions of H. pylori whole lipid extracts, individual H. pylori lipids, or defined mixtures of H. pylori lipids and other membrane-forming lipids. DPH (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) anisotropy measurements were used to assay membrane order and FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) was used to detect the presence of co-existing ordered and disordered domains. We found that H. pylori membrane lipid extracts spontaneously formed lipid domains. Domain formation was more stable when lipids were extracted from H. pylori cells grown in the presence of cholesterol. Certain isolated H. pylori lipids (by themselves or when mixed with other lipids) also had the ability to form ordered domains. To be specific, H. pylori cholesteryl-6-O-tetradecanoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (CAG) and cholesterol-6-O-phosphatidyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (CPG) had the ability to form and/or stabilize ordered domain formation, while H. pylori phosphatidylethanolamine did not, behaving similarly to unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines. We conclude that specific H. pylori cholesterol lipids have a marked ability to form ordered lipid domains.
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20
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Rivas-Marin E, Stettner S, Gottshall EY, Santana-Molina C, Helling M, Basile F, Ward NL, Devos DP. Essentiality of sterol synthesis genes in the planctomycete bacterium Gemmata obscuriglobus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2916. [PMID: 31266954 PMCID: PMC6606645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterols and hopanoids are chemically and structurally related lipids mostly found in eukaryotic and bacterial cell membranes. Few bacterial species have been reported to produce sterols and this anomaly had originally been ascribed to lateral gene transfer (LGT) from eukaryotes. In addition, the functions of sterols in these bacteria are unknown and the functional overlap between sterols and hopanoids is still unclear. Gemmata obscuriglobus is a bacterium from the Planctomycetes phylum that synthesizes sterols, in contrast to its hopanoid-producing relatives. Here we show that sterols are essential for growth of G. obscuriglobus, and that sterol depletion leads to aberrant membrane structures and defects in budding cell division. This report of sterol essentiality in a prokaryotic species advances our understanding of sterol distribution and function, and provides a foundation to pursue fundamental questions in evolutionary cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rivas-Marin
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD)-CSIC, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Sean Stettner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-2000, USA
| | - Ekaterina Y Gottshall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-2000, USA
| | - Carlos Santana-Molina
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD)-CSIC, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Mitch Helling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-2000, USA
| | - Franco Basile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-2000, USA
| | - Naomi L Ward
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-2000, USA.
| | - Damien P Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD)-CSIC, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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21
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Forrester SJ, Griendling KK. The interdependent effects of cholesterol and substrate stiffness on vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1262-1263. [PMID: 30865262 PMCID: PMC6587913 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308A WMB, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308A WMB, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Hanashima S, Murakami K, Yura M, Yano Y, Umegawa Y, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Seo S, Shinoda W, Murata M. Cholesterol-Induced Conformational Change in the Sphingomyelin Headgroup. Biophys J 2019; 117:307-318. [PMID: 31303249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Cho) are the important lipids for the formation of biologically functional membrane domains, lipid rafts. However, the interaction between Cho and the headgroup of SM remains unclear. In this study, we performed solid-state NMR experiments to reveal the Cho effects on the headgroup conformation using 2H-labeled stearoyl-SM (SSM). Deuterated SSMs at the Cα, Cβ, and Cγ positions of a choline moiety were separately prepared and subjected to NMR measurements to determine the quadrupolar splitting of 2H signals in hydrated SSM unitary and SSM/Cho (1:1) bilayers. Using 2H NMR and 13C-31P REDOR data, the conformation and orientation of the choline moiety were deduced and compared with those derived from molecular dynamics simulations. In SSM unitary bilayers, three torsional angles in the phosphocholine moiety, P-O-Cα-Cβ, were found to be consecutive +gauche(g)/+g/+g or -g/-g/-g. The orientation and conformation of the SSM headgroup were consistent with the results of our molecular dynamics simulations and the previous results on phosphatidylcholines. The quadrupolar coupling at the α methylene group slightly increased in the presence of Cho, and those at the Cβ and Cγ decreased more significantly, thus suggesting that Cho reduced the gauche conformation at the Cα-Cβ torsion. The conformational ensemble in the presence of Cho may enhance the so-called umbrella effect of the SSM headgroup, resulting in the stabilization of Cho near the SM molecules by concealing the hydrophobic Cho core from interfacial water. We also examined the effect of the chiral centers at the sphingosine chain to the headgroup conformation by determining the enantiomeric excess between the diastereomeric +g/+g/+g and -g/-g/-g conformers using (S)-Cα-deuterated and (R)-Cα-deuterated SSMs. Their 2H NMR measurements showed that the chiral centers induced the slight diastereomeric excess in the SM headgroup conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yo Yano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sangjae Seo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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23
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Claereboudt EJS, Caulier G, Decroo C, Colson E, Gerbaux P, Claereboudt MR, Schaller H, Flammang P, Deleu M, Eeckhaut I. Triterpenoids in Echinoderms: Fundamental Differences in Diversity and Biosynthetic Pathways. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E352. [PMID: 31200494 PMCID: PMC6627624 DOI: 10.3390/md17060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinoderms form a remarkable phylum of marine invertebrates that present specific chemical signatures unique in the animal kingdom. It is particularly the case for essential triterpenoids that evolved separately in each of the five echinoderm classes. Indeed, while most animals have Δ5-sterols, sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) and sea stars (Asteroidea) also possess Δ7 and Δ9(11)-sterols, a characteristic not shared with brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), sea urchins (Echinoidea), and crinoids (Crinoidea). These particular Δ7 and Δ9(11) sterols emerged as a self-protection against membranolytic saponins that only sea cucumbers and sea stars produce as a defense mechanism. The diversity of saponins is large; several hundred molecules have been described in the two classes of these saponins (i.e., triterpenoid or steroid saponins). This review aims to highlight the diversity of triterpenoids in echinoderms by focusing on sterols and triterpenoid glycosides, but more importantly to provide an updated view of the biosynthesis of these molecules in echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J S Claereboudt
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Laboratory of molecular biophysics of interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Guillaume Caulier
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Corentin Decroo
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Emmanuel Colson
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Michel R Claereboudt
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Al-Khod, Oman.
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratory of molecular biophysics of interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Igor Eeckhaut
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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24
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Mantil E, Crippin T, Avis TJ. Supported lipid bilayers using extracted microbial lipids: domain redistribution in the presence of fengycin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Hussain G, Wang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Imran A, Qasim M, Zafar S, Kamran SKS, Razzaq A, Aziz N, Ahmad W, Shabbir A, Iqbal J, Baig SM, Sun T. Role of cholesterol and sphingolipids in brain development and neurological diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30683111 PMCID: PMC6347843 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain is a vital organ of the human body which performs very important functions such as analysis, processing, coordination, and execution of electrical signals. For this purpose, it depends on a complex network of nerves which are ensheathed in lipids tailored myelin; an abundant source of lipids in the body. The nervous system is enriched with important classes of lipids; sphingolipids and cholesterol which compose the major portion of the brain particularly in the form of myelin. Both cholesterol and sphingolipids are embedded in the microdomains of membrane rafts and are functional units of the neuronal cell membrane. These molecules serve as the signaling molecules; hold important roles in the neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and many others. Thus, their adequate provision and active metabolism are of crucial importance in the maintenance of physiological functions of brain and body of an individual. In the present review, we have highlighted the physiological roles of cholesterol and sphingolipids in the development of the nervous system as well as the association of their altered metabolism to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Zafar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kashif Shahid Kamran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Shabbir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China.
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Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Regulation of BK Channel Activity by Cholesterol and Its Derivatives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1115:53-75. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04278-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Kinbara K, Umetsu K, Sonobe H, Muraoka T, Shimokawa N, Takagi M. Localization of transmembrane multiblock amphiphilic molecules in phase-separated vesicles. Faraday Discuss 2018; 209:315-328. [PMID: 30015339 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of triblock amphiphilic molecules bearing hydrophilic PEG chains at both ends of the long aromatic hydrophobic moieties were obtained serendipitously. The molecules involve linearly connected diarylethyne and diarylbutadiyne units, which show characteristic emissions upon excitation by UV light. These emissions showed red-shifts upon an increase in the solvent polarity, where the shifts are larger for the molecules with longer aromatic moieties. The distribution of these molecules in phase-separated membranes consisting of DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol was studied by fluorescence microscopy. It was found that most compounds, except for that with the longest hydrophobic unit, were selectively distributed in the Ld phase consisting mainly of DOPC. Interestingly, some of them were suggested to encourage delocalization of cholesterol in both the Lo and Ld phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Kinbara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B58, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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Kinoshita M, Suzuki KG, Murata M, Matsumori N. Evidence of lipid rafts based on the partition and dynamic behavior of sphingomyelins. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 215:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wang Q, London E. Lipid Structure and Composition Control Consequences of Interleaflet Coupling in Asymmetric Vesicles. Biophys J 2018; 115:664-678. [PMID: 30082033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using Förster resonance energy transfer, raft/liquid-ordered-domain formation was assessed in asymmetric vesicles containing outer leaflets composed of high-Tm (melting temperature) saturated phosphatidylcholines (diC18:0PC, diC16:0PC, diC15:0PC, or diC14:0PC), low-Tm unsaturated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol, and inner leaflets composed of lipids that by themselves would not form ordered domains (DOPC and cholesterol). Ordered-domain formation in the outer leaflet was compared to that in symmetric vesicles with the same lipid composition as the asymmetric vesicle outer leaflets. The difference between ordered-domain thermal stability in asymmetric and symmetric vesicles was highly dependent on high-Tm PC acyl-chain length. At one extreme, in diC14:0PC-containing asymmetric vesicles, the outer leaflet did not segregate to form ordered domains over the entire experimental temperature range even though ordered domains formed in the symmetric vesicles, indicating the inner leaflet dominated outer-leaflet physical behavior in the asymmetric vesicles. At the other extreme, in diC18:0PC-containing asymmetric vesicles, ordered domains formed over the entire temperature range at which they were present in symmetric vesicles, indicating the inner leaflet did not dominate outer-leaflet physical behavior. DiC15:0PC- and diC16:0PC-containing vesicles exhibited intermediate behaviors. A different set of vesicles was prepared with high-Tm lipid sphingomyelin (SM) in place of saturated phosphatidylcholine, and the % SM was varied. The thermal stability of outer-leaflet ordered domains in asymmetric vesicles was found to decrease more than in symmetric vesicles as SM levels decreased, indicating that the inner leaflet increasingly dominated outer leaflet physical state as SM levels decreased. Overall, inhibition of outer-leaflet ordered-domain formation in asymmetric vesicles by inner-leaflet lipids decreased as the ability of outer-leaflet lipids to form an ordered state by themselves increased, i.e., when outer-leaflet high-Tm lipid content or acyl-chain length increased. This has implications for how ordered-domain formation may be controlled in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
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31
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Toledo A, Huang Z, Coleman JL, London E, Benach JL. Lipid rafts can form in the inner and outer membranes of Borrelia burgdorferi and have different properties and associated proteins. Mol Microbiol 2018; 108:63-76. [PMID: 29377398 PMCID: PMC5867248 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are microdomains present in the membrane of eukaryotic organisms and bacterial pathogens. They are characterized by having tightly packed lipids and a subset of specific proteins. Lipid rafts are associated with a variety of important biological processes including signaling and lateral sorting of proteins. To determine whether lipid rafts exist in the inner membrane of Borrelia burgdorferi, we separated the inner and outer membranes and analyzed the lipid constituents present in each membrane fraction. We found that both the inner and outer membranes have cholesterol and cholesterol glycolipids. Fluorescence anisotropy and FRET showed that lipids from both membranes can form rafts but have different abilities to do so. The analysis of the biochemically defined proteome of lipid rafts from the inner membrane revealed a diverse set of proteins, different from those associated with the outer membrane, with functions in protein trafficking, chemotaxis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Toledo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - James L. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jorge L. Benach
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Solanko LM, Sullivan DP, Sere YY, Szomek M, Lunding A, Solanko KA, Pizovic A, Stanchev LD, Pomorski TG, Menon AK, Wüstner D. Ergosterol is mainly located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the yeast plasma membrane. Traffic 2018; 19:198-214. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz M. Solanko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - David P. Sullivan
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Yves Y. Sere
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Maria Szomek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Anita Lunding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Katarzyna A. Solanko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Azra Pizovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - Lyubomir D. Stanchev
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
- Department of Molecular BiochemistryRuhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
- Department of Molecular BiochemistryRuhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Anant K. Menon
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
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Uyama M, Inoue K, Kinoshita K, Miyahara R, Yokoyama H, Nakano M. Effect of Dialkyl Ammonium Cationic Surfactants on the Microfluidity of Membranes Containing Raft Domains. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:67-75. [PMID: 29311523 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that a lot of receptors localize in lipid raft domains and that the microfluidity of these domains regulates the activation of these receptors. In this study, we focused on the lipid raft and in order to evaluate the physicochemical effects of surfactants on microfluidity of lipid membranes, we used liposomes comprising of egg-yolk L-α-phosphatidylcholine, egg-yolk sphingomyelin, and cholesterol as a model of cell membranes containing raft domains. The microfluidity of the domains was characterized by fluorescence spectrometry using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 2-dimethylamino-6-lauroylnaphthalene. Among several surfactants, dialkylammonium-type cationic surfactants most efficiently increased the microfluidity. It is therefore concluded that (1) the electrostatic interaction between the cationic surfactant and eggPC/eggSM/cholesterol liposome could be important, (2) surfactants with alkyl chains more effectively inserted into membranes than those with acyl chains, and (3) cationic surfactants with lower Tm values have a greater ability to increase the fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hirokazu Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Minoru Nakano
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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35
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Influence of doxorubicin on model cell membrane properties: insights from in vitro and in silico studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6343. [PMID: 28740256 PMCID: PMC5524714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite doxorubicin being commonly used in chemotherapy there still remain significant holes in our knowledge regarding its delivery efficacy and an observed resistance mechanism that is postulated to involve the cell membrane. One possible mechanism is the efflux by protein P-gp, which is found predominantly in cholesterol enriched domains. Thereby, a hypothesis for the vulnerability of doxorubicin to efflux through P-gp is its enhanced affinity for the ordered cholesterol rich regions of the plasma membrane. Thus, we have studied doxorubicin’s interaction with model membranes in a cholesterol rich, ordered environment and in liquid-disordered cholesterol poor environment. We have combined three separate experimental protocols: UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching and steady-state anisotropy and computational molecular dynamics modeling. Our results show that the presence of cholesterol induces a change in membrane structure and doesn’t impair doxorubicin’s membrane partitioning, but reduces drug’s influence on membrane fluidity without directly interacting with it. It is thus possible that the resistance mechanism that lowers the efficacy of doxorubicin, results from an increased density in membrane regions where the efflux proteins are present. This work represents a successful approach, combining experimental and computational studies of membrane based systems to unveil the behavior of drugs and candidate drug molecules.
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36
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C R, Basu JK. Emergence of compositionally tunable nanoscale dynamical heterogeneity in model binary lipid biomembranes. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4598-4606. [PMID: 28604915 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00581d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While the existence of nanoscale dynamical heterogeneity in biological membranes has been suggested to act as an active functional platform for enabling various cellular processes like signal transduction and viral or bacterial entry, it has been extremely difficult to detect the existence of such domains. Model lipid bilayer membranes have been widely used to detect such dynamical heterogeneity in order to avoid complications arising from the compositional heterogeneity of cellular membranes. However, even in model biological membranes the issue of nanoscale lipid dynamics has remained controversial and unresolved due to the difficulty of detecting the existence of such dynamical heterogeneity on the scale of 10-300 nm. Here we report direct evidence of nanoscale lipid dynamical heterogeneity in model binary lipid bilayer membranes using a combination of super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). We control the phase behavior of the lipid bilayers by varying their composition and discuss how this leads to the emergence of dynamical lipid domains on the scale of 80-150 nm, which is also dependent on the lipid phase in which such dynamics are observed. Notably, our work shows that the presence of cholesterol is not required for the existence of such domains even in fluid like bilayers, as has been widely believed, and specifies the minimal conditions required for the emergence of such dynamical heterogeneity in cellular membranes. Our work will thus not only be of great significance towards understanding the nanoscale dynamic organizing principles of cellular membranes but could also be useful in understanding the dynamics of related soft matter systems and nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roobala C
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
| | - Jaydeep K Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
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37
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Huang Z, Toledo AM, Benach JL, London E. Ordered Membrane Domain-Forming Properties of the Lipids of Borrelia burgdorferi. Biophys J 2017; 111:2666-2675. [PMID: 28002743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-existing disordered and ordered (raft) membrane domains exist in Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. However, although B. burgdorferi contains cholesterol lipids, it lacks sphingolipids-a crucial component of rafts in eukaryotes. To define the principles of ordered lipid domain formation in Borrelia, the domain forming properties of vesicles composed of its three major lipids, acylated cholesteryl galactoside (ACGal), monogalactosyl diacyglycerol (MGalD), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and/or their mixtures were studied. Anisotropy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements were used to assay membrane order and ordered-domain formation. ACGal had the highest potential to form ordered domains. Interestingly, mixtures of ACGal with B. burgdorferi PC formed ordered domains more readily than mixtures of ACGal with MGalD. This appears to reflect the relatively high level of saturation observed for B. burgdorferi PC, as vesicles containing ACGal and PC, but in which the unsaturated lipid dioleoyl PC was substituted for Borrelia PC, failed to form ordered domains. In addition, the properties of ACGal were compared to those of cholesterol. Depending on what other lipids were present, ordered-domain formation in the presence of ACGal was greater than or equal to that in the presence of cholesterol. Giant unilamellar vesicles formed from ACGal-containing mixtures showed rounded domain shapes similar to those in analogous vesicles containing cholesterol, indicative of liquid-ordered state rather than solid-like gel-state domain formation. Over all, principles of ordered-domain formation in B. burgdorferi appear to be very similar to those in eukaryotes, with saturated PC taking the place of sphingolipids, but with ACGal being the main lipid component inducing ordered-domain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Alvaro M Toledo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jorge L Benach
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
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38
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39
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Butala M, Novak M, Kraševec N, Skočaj M, Veranič P, Maček P, Sepčić K. Aegerolysins: Lipid-binding proteins with versatile functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:142-151. [PMID: 28506897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the aegerolysin family span many kingdoms of life. They are relatively widely distributed in bacteria and fungi, but also appear in plants, protozoa and insects. Despite being produced in abundance in cells at specific developmental stages and present in secretomes, only a few aegerolysins have been studied in detail. In particular, their organism-specific physiological roles are intriguing. Here, we review published findings to date on the distribution, molecular interactions and biological activities of this family of structurally and functionally versatile proteins, the aegerolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Butala
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Kraševec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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40
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Frangež R, Šuput D, Molgó J, Benoit E. Ostreolysin A/Pleurotolysin B and Equinatoxins: Structure, Function and Pathophysiological Effects of These Pore-Forming Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040128. [PMID: 28379176 PMCID: PMC5408202 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic ostreolysin A/pleurotolysin B (OlyA/PlyB, formerly known as ostreolysin (Oly), and basic 20 kDa equinatoxins (EqTs) are cytolytic proteins isolated from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and the sea anemone Actinia equina, respectively. Both toxins, although from different sources, share many similar biological activities: (i) colloid-osmotic shock by forming pores in cellular and artificial membranes enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin; (ii) increased vascular endothelial wall permeability in vivo and perivascular oedema; (iii) dose-dependent contraction of coronary vessels; (iv) haemolysis with pronounced hyperkalaemia in vivo; (v) bradycardia, myocardial ischemia and ventricular extrasystoles accompanied by progressive fall of arterial blood pressure and respiratory arrest in rodents. Both types of toxins are haemolytic within nanomolar range concentrations, and it seems that hyperkalaemia plays an important role in toxin cardiotoxicity. However, it was observed that the haemolytically more active EqT III is less toxic than EqT I, the most toxic and least haemolytic EqT. In mice, EqT II is more than 30 times more toxic than OlyA/PlyB when applied intravenously. These observations imply that haemolysis with hyperkalaemia is not the sole cause of the lethal activity of both toxins. Additional mechanisms responsible for lethal action of the two toxins are direct effects on heart, coronary vasoconstriction and related myocardial hypoxia. In this review, we appraise the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the chemical structure of OlyA/PlyB and EqTs, as well as their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Frangež
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana; 1115-Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology and Toxinology, Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, P.O. Box 11, 1105-Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jordi Molgó
- DRF/Institut de Sciences de la Vie Frédéric Joliot/SIMOPRO, CEA de Saclay, and Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197 CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- DRF/Institut de Sciences de la Vie Frédéric Joliot/SIMOPRO, CEA de Saclay, and Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197 CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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41
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Ganesan SJ, Xu H, Matysiak S. Influence of Monovalent Cation Size on Nanodomain Formation in Anionic–Zwitterionic Mixed Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:787-799. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai J. Ganesan
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering and ‡Biophysics Program, Institute of
Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hongcheng Xu
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering and ‡Biophysics Program, Institute of
Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Silvina Matysiak
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering and ‡Biophysics Program, Institute of
Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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42
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Zhang X, St Clair JR, London E, Raleigh DP. Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Membrane Interactions: Effects of Membrane Composition. Biochemistry 2017; 56:376-390. [PMID: 28054763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) contributes to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Perturbation of the β-cell membrane may contribute to IAPP-induced toxicity. We examine the effects of lipid composition, salt, and buffer on IAPP amyloid formation and on the ability of IAPP to induce leakage of model membranes. Even low levels of anionic lipids promote amyloid formation and membrane permeabilization. Increasing the percentage of the anionic lipids, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (POPS) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(1'-rac-glycerol), enhances the rate of amyloid formation and increases the level of membrane permeabilization. The choice of zwitterionic lipid has no noticeable effect on membrane-catalyzed amyloid formation but in most cases affects leakage, which tends to decrease in the following order: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine > 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine > sphingomyelin. Uncharged lipids that increase the level of membrane order weaken the ability of IAPP to induce leakage. Leakage is due predominately to pore formation rather than complete disruption of the vesicles under the conditions used in these studies. Cholesterol at or below physiological levels significantly reduces the rate of vesicle-catalyzed IAPP amyloid formation and decreases the susceptibility to IAPP-induced leakage. The effects of cholesterol on amyloid formation are masked by 25 mol % POPS. Overall, there is a strong inverse correlation between the time to form amyloid and the extent of vesicle leakage. NaCl reduces the rate of membrane-catalyzed amyloid formation by anionic vesicles, but accelerates amyloid formation in solution. The implications for IAPP membrane interactions are discussed, as is the possibility that the loss of phosphatidylserine asymmetry enhances IAPP amyloid formation and membrane damage in vivo via a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Johnna R St Clair
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
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Nallamilli T, Ragothaman S, Basavaraj MG. Self assembly of oppositely charged latex particles at oil-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 486:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Diociaiuti M, Giordani C, Kamel GS, Brasili F, Sennato S, Bombelli C, Meneses KY, Giraldo MA, Bordi F. Monosialoganglioside-GM1 triggers binding of the amyloid-protein salmon calcitonin to a Langmuir membrane model mimicking the occurrence of lipid-rafts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:365-375. [PMID: 28955978 PMCID: PMC5614544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 ganglioside is known to be involved in the amyloid-associated diseases and it is a crucial factor for the assembly of amyloid proteins on lipid-rafts, which are lipid structures located on the synaptic plasma membranes. Due to its slow aggregation rate, we employed salmon calcitonin (sCT) as a suitable probe representative of amyloid proteins, to study the interaction between this class of proteins and a membrane model. Here, we prepared a neuronal membrane model by depositing onto mica two Langmuir-Blodgett films in liquid-condensed phase: the outer monolayer was characterized by high content of GM1 (50%) and minority parts of cholesterol and POPC (25-25%), while the inner one by plain POPC. To deeply investigate the interaction of sCT with this model and the role-played by GM1, we prepared the outer leaflet adding sCT at a concentration such that the number of proteins equals that of GM1. Atomic Force Microscopy revealed the occurrence of two distinct kinds of flat surfaces, with globular aggregates localized exclusively on top of the highest one. To unravel the nature of the interaction, we studied by ζ-potential technique liposomes composed as the outer leaflet of the model. Results demonstrated that an electrostatic interaction sCT-GM1 occurred. Finally, to investigate the interaction thermodynamics between sCT and the outer leaflet, Langmuir films as the outer monolayer and containing increasing content of sCT were studied by compression isotherms and Brewster Angle Microscopy experiments. Based on the all body of results we propose an interaction model where GM1 plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diociaiuti
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence to: Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Roma, Italy
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gihan S. Kamel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Brasili
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karen Y. Meneses
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marco A. Giraldo
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica and ISC-CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Yang ST, Lim SI, Kiessling V, Kwon I, Tamm LK. Site-specific fluorescent labeling to visualize membrane translocation of a myristoyl switch protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32866. [PMID: 27605302 PMCID: PMC5015116 DOI: 10.1038/srep32866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence approaches have been widely used for elucidating the dynamics of protein-membrane interactions in cells and model systems. However, non-specific multi-site fluorescent labeling often results in a loss of native structure and function, and single cysteine labeling is not feasible when native cysteines are required to support a protein's folding or catalytic activity. Here, we develop a method using genetic incorporation of non-natural amino acids and bio-orthogonal chemistry to site-specifically label with a single fluorescent small molecule or protein the myristoyl-switch protein recoverin, which is involved in rhodopsin-mediated signaling in mammalian visual sensory neurons. We demonstrate reversible Ca(2+)-responsive translocation of labeled recoverin to membranes and show that recoverin favors membranes with negative curvature and high lipid fluidity in complex heterogeneous membranes, which confers spatio-temporal control over down-stream signaling events. The site-specific orthogonal labeling technique is promising for structural, dynamical, and functional studies of many lipid-anchored membrane protein switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tae Yang
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Lukas K. Tamm
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Kullberg A, Ekholm OO, Slotte JP. Miscibility of Sphingomyelins and Phosphatidylcholines in Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers. Biophys J 2016; 109:1907-16. [PMID: 26536267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated phospholipids are common in biological membranes and affect the lateral structure of bilayers. We have examined how saturated sphingomyelin (SM; palmitoyl and stearoyl SM (PSM and SSM, respectively)) and phosphatidylcholine (PC; dipalmitoyl PC and 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl PC (DPPC and PSPC, respectively)) segregate laterally to form ordered gel phases in increasingly unsaturated PC bilayers (sn-1: 16:0 and sn-2: 18:1...22:6; or sn-1 and sn-2: 18:1...22:6). The formation of gel phases was determined from the lifetime analysis of trans-parinaric acid. Using calorimetry, we also determined gel phase formation by PSM and DPPC in unsaturated PC mixed bilayers. Comparing PSM with DPPC, we observed that PSM formed a gel phase with less order than DPPC at comparable bilayer concentrations. The same was true when SSM was compared with PSPC. Furthermore, we observed that at equal saturated phospholipid concentration, the gel phases formed were less ordered in unsaturated PCs having 16:0 in sn-1, as compared to PCs having unsaturated acyl chains in both sn-1 and sn-2. The gel phases formed by the saturated phospholipids in unsaturated PC bilayers did not appear to achieve properties similar to pure saturated phospholipid bilayers, suggesting that complete lateral phase separation did not occur. Based on scanning calorimetry analysis, the melting of the gel phases formed by PSM and DPPC in unsaturated PC mixed bilayers (at 45 mol % saturated phospholipid) had low cooperativity and hence most likely were of mixed composition, in good agreement with trans-parinaric acid lifetime data. We conclude that both interfacial properties of the saturated phospholipids and their chain length, as well as the presence of 16:0 in sn-1 of the unsaturated PCs and the total number of cis unsaturations and acyl chain length (18 to 22) of the unsaturated PCs, all affected the formation of gel phases enriched in saturated phospholipids, under the conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kullberg
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Oscar Oz Ekholm
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Tran J, Magenau A, Rodriguez M, Rentero C, Royo T, Enrich C, Thomas SR, Grewal T, Gaus K. Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide (eNOS) Occurs through Different Membrane Domains in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151556. [PMID: 26977592 PMCID: PMC4792450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells respond to a large range of stimuli including circulating lipoproteins, growth factors and changes in haemodynamic mechanical forces to regulate the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and maintain blood pressure. While many signalling pathways have been mapped, the identities of membrane domains through which these signals are transmitted are less well characterized. Here, we manipulated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) with cholesterol and the oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol (7KC). Using a range of microscopy techniques including confocal, 2-photon, super-resolution and electron microscopy, we found that sterol enrichment had differential effects on eNOS and caveolin-1 (Cav1) colocalisation, membrane order of the plasma membrane, caveolae numbers and Cav1 clustering. We found a correlation between cholesterol-induced condensation of the plasma membrane and enhanced high density lipoprotein (HDL)-induced eNOS activity and phosphorylation suggesting that cholesterol domains, but not individual caveolae, mediate HDL stimulation of eNOS. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced and shear stress-induced eNOS activity was relatively independent of membrane order and may be predominantly controlled by the number of caveolae on the cell surface. Taken together, our data suggest that signals that activate and phosphorylate eNOS are transmitted through distinct membrane domains in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tran
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Macarena Rodriguez
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Royo
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shane R. Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy A15, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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48
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Huang Z, London E. Cholesterol lipids and cholesterol-containing lipid rafts in bacteria. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:11-16. [PMID: 26964703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sterols are important components of eukaryotic membranes, but rare in bacteria. Some bacteria obtain sterols from their host or environment. In some cases, these sterols form membrane domains analogous the lipid rafts proposed to exist in eukaryotic membranes. This review describes the properties and roles of sterols in Borrelia and Helicobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215 USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215 USA.
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49
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Analyzing Protein Clusters on the Plasma Membrane: Application of Spatial Statistical Analysis Methods on Super-Resolution Microscopy Images. FOCUS ON BIO-IMAGE INFORMATICS 2016; 219:95-122. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28549-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Carquin M, D'Auria L, Pollet H, Bongarzone ER, Tyteca D. Recent progress on lipid lateral heterogeneity in plasma membranes: From rafts to submicrometric domains. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 62:1-24. [PMID: 26738447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of transient nanometric domains known as lipid rafts has brought interest to reassess the validity of the Singer-Nicolson model of a fluid bilayer for cell membranes. However, this new view is still insufficient to explain the cellular control of surface lipid diversity or membrane deformability. During the past decades, the hypothesis that some lipids form large (submicrometric/mesoscale vs nanometric rafts) and stable (>min vs s) membrane domains has emerged, largely based on indirect methods. Morphological evidence for stable submicrometric lipid domains, well-accepted for artificial and highly specialized biological membranes, was further reported for a variety of living cells from prokaryot es to yeast and mammalian cells. However, results remained questioned based on limitations of available fluorescent tools, use of poor lipid fixatives, and imaging artifacts due to non-resolved membrane projections. In this review, we will discuss recent evidence generated using powerful and innovative approaches such as lipid-specific toxin fragments that support the existence of submicrometric domains. We will integrate documented mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of these domains, and provide a perspective on their relevance on membrane deformability and regulation of membrane protein distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Carquin
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'Auria
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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