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Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Cioffi L, Cosimo Melcangi R. Post-Finasteride Syndrome And Post-Ssri Sexual Dysfunction: Two Clinical Conditions Apparently Distant, But Very Close. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 72:101114. [PMID: 37993021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-finasteride syndrome and post-SSRI sexual dysfunction, are two poorly explored clinical conditions in which men treated for androgenetic alopecia with finasteride or for depression with SSRI antidepressants show persistent side effects despite drug suspension (e.g., sexual dysfunction, psychological complaints, sleep disorders). Because of some similarities in the symptoms, common pathological mechanisms are proposed here. Indeed, as discussed, clinical studies and preclinical data obtained so far suggest an important role for brain modulators (i.e., neuroactive steroids), neurotransmitters (i.e., serotonin, and cathecolamines), and gut microbiota in the context of the gut-brain axis. In particular, the observed interconnections of these signals in these two clinical conditions may suggest similar etiopathogenetic mechanisms, such as the involvement of the enzyme converting norepinephrine into epinephrine (i.e., phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase). However, despite the current efforts, more work is still needed to advance the understanding of these clinical conditions in terms of diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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2
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PILLEROVÁ M, PASTOREK M, BORBÉLYOVÁ V, RILJAK V, FRICK KM, HODOSY J, TÓTHOVÁ Ľ. Sex steroid hormones in depressive disorders as a basis for new potential treatment strategies. Physiol Res 2022; 71:S187-S202. [PMID: 36647907 PMCID: PMC9906660 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sex steroid hormones (SSHs) such as testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and their metabolites have important organizational and activational impacts on the brain during critical periods of brain development and in adulthood. A variety of slow and rapid mechanisms mediate both organizational and activational processes via intracellular or membrane receptors for SSHs. Physiological concentrations and distribution of SSHs in the brain result in normal brain development. Nevertheless, dysregulation of hormonal equilibrium may result in several mood disorders, including depressive disorders, later in adolescence or adulthood. Gender differences in cognitive abilities, emotions as well as the 2-3 times higher prevalence of depressive disorders in females, were already described. This implies that SSHs may play a role in the development of depressive disorders. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies linked to SSHs and development of depressive disorders. Our secondary aim includes a review of up-to-date knowledge about molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. Understanding these molecular mechanisms might lead to significant treatment adjustments for patients with depressive disorders and to an amelioration of clinical outcomes for these patients. Nevertheless, the impact of SSHs on the brain in the context of the development of depressive disorders, progression, and treatment responsiveness is complex in nature, and depends upon several factors in concert such as gender, age, comorbidities, and general health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam PILLEROVÁ
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal PASTOREK
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika BORBÉLYOVÁ
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimír RILJAK
- Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karyn M. FRICK
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Július HODOSY
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomíra TÓTHOVÁ
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Ison EK, Hopf-Jannasch AS, Harding JCS, Alex Pasternak J. Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on thyroid hormone metabolism in the late gestation fetus. Vet Res 2022; 53:74. [PMID: 36175938 PMCID: PMC9524047 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in late gestation causes a profound suppression of circulating maternal and fetal thyroid hormone during a critical window of development. To understand this relationship, we evaluated thyroid hormone metabolism at the maternal-fetal interface and within fetal tissues, along with hormone metabolite levels in serum. Fetuses were classified using an established model based on viral load in serum and thymus, and preservation status, including uninfected (UNIF), high-viral load viable (HV-VIA), and high-viral load meconium-stained (HV-MEC), with additional controls from sham-inoculated gilts (CON). Expression of three iodothyronine deiodinases, five sulfotransferases, sulfatase, and two solute carriers known to transport thyroid hormone were evaluated in maternal endometrium and fetal placenta, liver, and kidney. Serum thyroxin (T4), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), and diiodothyronine (T2) were evaluated via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Significant changes in gene expression were observed in all four tissues, with the liver being the most severely impacted. We observed local and fetal specific regulation of maternal tissues through significant upregulation of DIO2 and DIO3 expression in the endometrium corresponding to infected but viable fetuses relative to uninfected and control fetuses. Expression levels of DIO2 and DIO3 were significantly higher in the resilient (HV-VIA) fetuses relative to the susceptible (HV-MEC) fetuses. A substantial decrease in serum T4 was confirmed, with no corresponding increase in rT3 or T2. Collectively, these results show that thyroid hormone metabolism is altered at the maternal-fetal interface and within the PRRSV infected fetus and is associated with fetal viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Ison
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | | | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - J Alex Pasternak
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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Ault-Seay TB, Brandt KJ, Henniger MT, Payton RR, Mathew DJ, Moorey SE, Schrick FN, Pohler KG, Smith TPL, Rhinehart JD, Schneider LG, McLean KJ, Myer PR. Bacterial Communities of the Uterus and Rumen During Heifer Development With Protein Supplementation. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.903909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities play major roles in rumen and uterine function toward optimal animal performance and may be affected by changes occurring during heifer development such as nutritional supplementation for optimal growth and the attainment of puberty. The effect of different levels of protein supplementation on ruminal and uterine bacterial communities following weaning was examined through first breeding of heifers. Angus heifers (n = 39) were blocked by initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of three 163-day (d) crude protein (CP) supplementation diets including control (10% CP, n = 14), 20% CP (n = 11), or 40% CP (n = 14) treatment groups. Growth and development were monitored by body weight, with blood progesterone concentration determined every 14 d to determine pubertal status. Uterine flush and rumen fluid were collected on d 56, 112, and 163 relative to the start of supplementation. Bacterial DNA was extracted from fluid samples, the V1–V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, and amplicons were sequenced then processed in R 4.1. Statistical analyses were performed in SAS 9.4 with a GLIMMIX procedure utilizing fixed effects of protein, month, pubertal status, and interactions, with random effects including BW, interaction of BW and protein, and heifer within the interaction, and repeated measures of day. In the uterus, pubertal status and day of supplementation affected the observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and led to clustering of samples in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA; P < 0.05), but no effect of protein supplementation was observed. Ruminal samples clustered in PCoA (P = 0.001), and observed ASVs were impacted over time (P < 0.0001), but no effect of protein supplementation was detected. In contrast, protein supplementation, pubertal status, and day of supplementation affected the abundance of multiple phyla and genera in the uterus and rumen (P < 0.05). Temporal and pubertal status effects on the heifer’s uterine bacterial communities potentially indicate a maturing uterine microbiome. Protein supplementation did not impact microbial diversity measures but did affect the abundance of individual bacterial phyla and genera that may provide future opportunities to manipulate bacterial community composition and maximize productivity.
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Henniger MT, Wells JE, Hales KE, Lindholm-Perry AK, Freetly HC, Kuehn LA, Schneider LG, McLean KJ, Campagna SR, Christopher CJ, Myer PR. Effects of a Moderate or Aggressive Implant Strategy on the Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome in Steers. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.889817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of growth-promoting implants have been well-defined for their ability to impact growth performance in beef cattle. Production-relevant microbes and microbiomes in the rumen have also been associated with growth traits. However, the role of implants on the rumen microbiome has not been determined. The objective of this study was to determine if different doses of implant hormones cause gain-associated ruminal microbial community changes. To assess this, a completely randomized design was used and 336 fall-born steers 450 to 470 days of age from the germplasm evaluation population at the US Meat Animal Research Center (Clay Center, NE) were divided into two treatment groups: 1) a moderate implant strategy (n = 167) of Revalor-IS (80 mg trenbolone acetate and 16 mg estradiol) followed by Revalor-S (120 mg trenbolone acetate and 24 mg estradiol) or 2) an aggressive implant strategy (n = 169) of Revalor-IS followed by Revalor-200 (200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol). Steers were fed the same diet (57.0% dry-rolled corn, 30% wet distiller’s grains with solubles, 8.0% alfalfa hay, 4.25% vitamin and mineral supplement, and 0.75% urea, on a DM basis). On d 85 after implants administration, rumen contents were collected via orogastric tubing. Samples were sequenced to target and identify bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on rumen content using ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. Production data between implant strategies was analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA (SASv9.4, Cary, NC) followed by separation of least squares means. Microbial diversity between strategies did not differ for archaea or protozoa (P > 0.05). Average daily gain was different (P = 0.01; 1.72 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 kg, aggressive vs moderate, respectively); however, large microbial community shifts were not associated with implant strategy. Two metabolites, N-acetyllysine and N-acetylornithine, were found in greater abundance in the moderate implant strategy (P ≤ 0.04). Understanding associations between the rumen microbiome and implant strategies may allow improvement of growth efficiency in beef cattle.
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Diviccaro S, Giatti S, Borgo F, Falvo E, Caruso D, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC. Steroidogenic machinery in the adult rat colon. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105732. [PMID: 32777355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal function is known to be regulated by steroid molecules produced by the gonads, the adrenal glands and the gut microbiota. However, we have a limited knowledge on the functional significance of local steroid production by gastrointestinal tract tissue. On this basis, we have here evaluated, as a first methodological approach, the expression of steroidogenic molecules and the local levels of key steroids in the male rat colon. Our findings indicate that the colon tissue expresses molecules involved in the early steps of steroidogenesis and in the consecutive synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, such as progesterone, testosterone and 17β-estradiol. In addition, the levels of the steroid hormone precursor pregnenolone and the levels of active metabolites of progesterone and testosterone, such as dihydroprogesterone, tetrahydroprogesterone, dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol, were higher in colon than in plasma. Higher levels of the androgen metabolite 3α-diol were detected in the colon in comparison with another non-classical steroidogenic tissue, such as the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest the existence of local steroid synthesis and metabolism in the colon, with the production of active steroid metabolites that may impact on the activity of the enteric nervous system and on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Borgo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - E Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,.
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Asavasupreechar T, Saito R, Miki Y, Edwards DP, Boonyaratanakornkit V, Sasano H. Systemic distribution of progesterone receptor subtypes in human tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105599. [PMID: 31991170 PMCID: PMC9968951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in a wide variety of human tissues, including both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Upon binding to the PR, progesterone can display several non-reproductive functions, including neurosteroid activity in the central nervous system, inhibition of smooth muscle contractile activity in the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the development and maturation of the lung. PR exists as two major isoforms, PRA and PRB. Differential expression of these PR isoforms reportedly contributes to different biological activities of the hormone. However, the distribution of the PR isoforms in human tissues has remained virtually unexplored. In this study, we immunolocalized PR expression in various human tissues using PR (1294) specific antibody, which is capable of detecting both PRA and PRB, and PRB (250H11) specific antibody. Tissues from the uterus, ovary, breast, placenta, prostate, testis, cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary, spinal cord, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, heart, aorta, thymus, adrenal gland, thyroid, spleen, skin, and bone were examined in four different age groups (fetal, pediatric, young, and old) in male and female subjects. PR and PRB were detected in the nuclei of cells in the female reproductive system, in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of pituitary gland and pancreatic acinar cells, and only in the cytoplasm of cells in the testis, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, adrenal gland, and skin. Of particular interest, total PRB expression overlapped with that of total PR expression in most tissues but was negative in the female fetal reproductive system. The findings indicate that progesterone could affect diverse human organs differently than from reproductive organs. These findings provide new insights into the novel biological roles of progesterone in non-reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoko Saito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Rustgi SD, Kayal M, Shah SC. Sex-based differences in inflammatory bowel diseases: a review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820915043. [PMID: 32523620 PMCID: PMC7236567 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820915043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, disease course, and response to therapy have been increasingly recognized, however, not fully understood. Experimental and translational models have been leveraged to investigate hypothesized mechanisms for these observed differences, including the potential modifying role of sex hormones and sex-dependent (epi)genetic and gut microbiome changes. The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively describe sex-based differences in IBD including epidemiology, pathogenesis, phenotypic differences, therapeutic response, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila D. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Maia Kayal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Kravdal Ø, Magnus P, Moum B, Høivik ML. Association of Childbearing With a Short-Term Reduced Risk of Crohn Disease in Mothers. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:294-304. [PMID: 31907543 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to analyze the importance of childbearing for risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Using data from the Norwegian Population Register and the Norwegian Patient Register, we fitted discrete-time hazard models for diagnosis of Crohn disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) among men and women aged 18-81 years in 2011-2016. Year and various sociodemographic factors were controlled for. The data included 4,304 CD cases and 8,866 UC cases. Women whose youngest child was ≤4 years of age had lower CD risk the following year than childless women (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62, 0.86). There was no such reduction in CD risk among fathers. Men whose youngest child was aged ≥20 years had higher risks of CD (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and UC (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.30) than childless men. UC risk was also increased among men whose youngest child was aged ≤4 years (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.27). The short-term reduction in women's CD risk after a birth may reflect biological effects of pregnancy. Alternatively, it may reflect residual confounding or lifestyle effects of parenthood that are of special relevance for CD in women. In particular, differences in use of oral contraceptives (which it was not possible to control for) may have contributed to the observed pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Kravdal
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Moum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Lie Høivik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Axelrad JE, Bazarbashi A, Zhou J, Castañeda D, Gujral A, Sperling D, Glass J, Agrawal M, Hong S, Lawlor G, Hudesman D, Chang S, Shah S, Yajnik V, Ananthakrishnan A, Khalili H, Colombel JF, Itzkowitz S. Hormone Therapy for Cancer Is a Risk Factor for Relapse of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:872-880.e1. [PMID: 31302306 PMCID: PMC7354097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Exposure to hormone contraception has been associated with an increased risk of relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Little is known about the effects of cancer therapies, specifically hormone therapies, on the course of IBD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study, collecting data from 5 medical centers, on patients with IBD who received a subsequent diagnosis of breast or prostate cancer from 1997 through 2018. For patients with quiescent IBD at their cancer diagnosis, the primary outcome was relapse of IBD. For patients with active IBD at their cancer diagnosis, the primary outcome was IBD remission. RESULTS Our analysis included 447 patients with IBD (44% with Crohn's disease, 53% with ulcerative colitis, and 3% with IBD unclassified) who had either breast (78%) or prostate (22%) cancer. At their cancer diagnosis, 400 patients (90%) had inactive IBD, and 47 (10%) had active IBD. Among patients with inactive IBD, 112 (28%) developed active IBD. Previous exposure to steroids, immunomodulators, or biologics was associated with IBD relapse after a cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] for steroids, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.71; HR for immunomodulators, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.38-3.55; HR for biologics, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.01-5.36). Hormone monotherapy (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.21-3.29) and combination cytotoxic and hormone therapy (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.01-3.43) was associated with IBD relapse. Among 34 patients who received only cytotoxic chemotherapy, 75% remained in remission from IBD at 250 months compared with 42% of those who received hormone monotherapy (log rank, 0.02). Among patients with active IBD at their cancer diagnosis, 14 (30%) entered remission from IBD, but there were no significant factors of achieving IBD remission. CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter retrospective study, we found that patients with IBD and breast or prostate cancer who receive hormone therapy have an increased risk for relapse of IBD and related adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Axelrad
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at New York University Langone Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Ahmad Bazarbashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Zhou
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Castañeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
| | - Amandeep Gujral
- Crohn's and Colitis Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dylan Sperling
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jason Glass
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Simon Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Garrett Lawlor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David Hudesman
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at New York University Langone Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shannon Chang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at New York University Langone Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shailja Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Crohn's and Colitis Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashwin Ananthakrishnan
- Crohn's and Colitis Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Crohn's and Colitis Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Steven Itzkowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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11
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Sun LH, Zhang WX, Xu Q, Wu H, Jiao CC, Chen XZ. Estrogen modulation of visceral pain. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:628-636. [PMID: 31273960 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that females and males differ in their experience of pain. Gender differences have been found in the prevalence and severity of pain in both clinical and animal studies. Sex-related hormones are found to be involved in pain transmission and have critical effects on visceral pain sensitivity. Studies have pointed out the idea that serum estrogen is closely related to visceral nociceptive sensitivity. This review aims to summarize the literature relating to the role of estrogen in modulating visceral pain with emphasis on deciphering the potential central and peripheral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Cui-Cui Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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12
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Xia N, Cui J, Zhu M, Xing R, Lu Y. Androgen receptor variant 12 promotes migration and invasion by regulating MYLK in gastric cancer. J Pathol 2019; 248:304-315. [PMID: 30737779 DOI: 10.1002/path.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) and its variants (AR-Vs) promote tumorigenesis and metastasis in many hormone-related cancers, such as breast, prostate and hepatocellular cancers. However, the expression patterns and underlying molecular mechanisms of AR in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. This study aimed to detect the expression of AR-Vs in GC and explored their role in metastasis of GC. Here, the AR expression form was identified in GC cell lines and tissues by RT-PCR and qPCR. Transwell assays and experimental lung metastasis animal models were used to assess the function of AR in cell migration and invasion. Downstream targets of AR were screened by bioinformatics, and identified by luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. AR-v12 was identified as the main expression form in GC cell lines and tissues. Different from full length of AR, AR-v12 was localized to the nucleus independent of androgen. Upregulation of AR-v12 in primary GC tissues was significantly associated with metastasis. Overexpression of AR-v12 promoted migration and invasion independent of androgen. Knockdown of AR-v12 inhibited migration and invasion in vitro, as well as metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, AR-v12, serving as a transcription factor, promoted metastasis through regulating the promoter activity of MYLK. In AR-v12 overexpressing cells, knockdown of MYLK inhibited cell migration and invasion, while in AR-v12 knocked-down cells, overexpression of MYLK promoted cell migration and invasion. Collectively, our study demonstrates that AR-v12 is highly expressed in GC tissues and promotes migration and invasion through directly regulating MYLK. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Rui Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Youyong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
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13
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Shah SC, Khalili H, Chen CY, Ahn HS, Ng SC, Burisch J, Colombel JF. Sex-based differences in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases-pooled analysis of population-based studies from the Asia-Pacific region. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:904-911. [PMID: 30773656 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There appear to be differences in risk factor profiles for IBD between Asia-Pacific and Western populations, which might suggest idiosyncrasies in pathogenesis. Recently, sex-based differences in IBD according to the age of diagnosis have been described in Western populations. AIM To identify whether sex-based differences in IBD incidence similarly exist across the age spectrum for Asia-Pacific populations. METHODS We identified Asia-Pacific population-based cohorts where IBD incidence data stratified by sex were available for the full age spectrum. Cohorts were included only if IBD diagnoses were confirmed and validated. We calculated incidence rate ratios of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to age and compared differences between males and females using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 567.8 million people from 11 Asia-Pacific countries/provinces/nations, we identified 10 553 incident CD cases (7060 males; 3493 females) and 16 946 incident UC cases (9754 males; 7192 females). Starting in early adolescence until age 50 years, there was a 36%-64% higher incidence of CD in males vs females (P < 0.001). UC incidence ranged from 20%-42% higher in males vs females in the age groups between 15 and 65 years (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a pooled analysis of population-based studies from the Asia-Pacific region, we found a male predominance of both CD and UC for the majority of the age spectrum from adolescence to middle/late-middle age. Additional studies are needed to clarify biological and nonbiological determinants of sex differences in IBD, which might be distinct between Asia-Pacific and Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Johan Burisch
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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14
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Shah SC, Khalili H, Gower-Rousseau C, Olen O, Benchimol EI, Lynge E, Nielsen KR, Brassard P, Vutcovici M, Bitton A, Bernstein CN, Leddin D, Tamim H, Stefansson T, Loftus EV, Moum B, Tang W, Ng SC, Gearry R, Sincic B, Bell S, Sands BE, Lakatos PL, Végh Z, Ott C, Kaplan GG, Burisch J, Colombel JF. Sex-Based Differences in Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Pooled Analysis of Population-Based Studies From Western Countries. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1079-1089.e3. [PMID: 29958857 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) varies with age, few studies have examined variations between the sexes. We therefore used population data from established cohorts to analyze sex differences in IBD incidence according to age at diagnosis. METHODS We identified population-based cohorts of patients with IBD for which incidence and age data were available (17 distinct cohorts from 16 regions of Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand). We collected data through December 2016 on 95,605 incident cases of Crohn's disease (CD) (42,831 male and 52,774 female) and 112,004 incident cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) (61,672 male and 50,332 female). We pooled incidence rate ratios of CD and UC for the combined cohort and compared differences according to sex using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Female patients had a lower risk of CD during childhood, until the age range of 10-14 years (incidence rate ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93), but they had a higher risk of CD thereafter, which was statistically significant for the age groups of 25-29 years and older than 35 years. The incidence of UC did not differ significantly for female vs male patients (except for the age group of 5-9 years) until age 45 years; thereafter, men had a significantly higher incidence of ulcerative colitis than women. CONCLUSIONS In a pooled analysis of population-based studies, we found age at IBD onset to vary with sex. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms of sex differences in IBD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Public Health Unit, Epimad Registre, Lille University Hospital, France; INSERM LIRIC, UMR 995, Lille University, France
| | - Ola Olen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric I Benchimol
- CHEO Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kári R Nielsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Hospital, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Paul Brassard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Vutcovici
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Desmond Leddin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hala Tamim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tryggvi Stefansson
- Division of Gastroenterology, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
| | - Bjørn Moum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Gearry
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brankica Sincic
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sally Bell
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Végh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Claudia Ott
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johan Burisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark
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15
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Szymanska K, Calka J, Gonkowski S. Nitric oxide as an active substance in the enteric neurons of the porcine digestive tract in physiological conditions and under intoxication with bisphenol A (BPA). Nitric Oxide 2018; 80:1-11. [PMID: 30086357 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance, which is commonly used in the production of plastic. It is known that BPA has the negative impact on the living organism, affecting among others the reproductive organs, nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Nevertheless the knowledge about the influence of BPA on the enteric nervous system (ENS) is extremely scanty. On the other hand, nitric oxide is considered to be one of the most important neuronal factors in the ENS. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of low and high doses of BPA on neuronal isoform nitric oxide synthase - like immunoreactive (nNOS-LI) nervous structures in the various parts of the porcine gastrointestinal (GI) tract using double immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results show that BPA affects nNOS-LI enteric neurons and nerve fibers, and the character and severity of observed changes depend on the fragment of the gastrointestinal tract, part of the ENS and dose of the toxin. It should be pointed out that even relatively low doses of BPA (0.05 mg/kg body weight/day) are not neutral for the organism and may change the number of nitrergic nervous structures in the stomach and intestine. Observed changes are probably connected with neurotoxic activity of BPA, but the exact mechanisms of them still remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Szymanska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Calka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
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16
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Duszka K, Wahli W. Enteric Microbiota⁻Gut⁻Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082210. [PMID: 30060580 PMCID: PMC6121494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in regulating virtually all body functions, thus maintaining a healthy operating body with all its complex systems. Recently, gut microbiota emerged as major factor contributing to the health of the whole organism. Enteric bacteria have multiple ways to influence their host and several of them involve communication with the brain. Mounting evidence of cooperation between gut flora and NRs is already available. However, the full potential of the microbiota interconnection with NRs remains to be uncovered. Herewith, we present the current state of knowledge on the multifaceted roles of NRs in the enteric microbiota–gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Mohibbi H, Qasimi MI, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Steroidogenic enzyme expression in estrogen production in the goat gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the effect of castration. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1253-1260. [PMID: 28579582 PMCID: PMC5559373 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extragonadal tissues are known to produce estrogens. At these sites, the C19 precursor is important for aromatase expression for the production of estrogen. Aromatase expression is tissue-specific and is controlled by hormones.
Recent studies have shown that rat gastric parietal cells expressed aromatase. Our first objective was to investigate steroidogenic enzyme expression in estrogen biosynthesis; the second objective was to investigate which site(s)
of the GI tract expressed steroidogenic enzymes; and the third objective was to assess the effects of castration on steroidogenic enzyme expression. CYP19A1, 17β-HSD3, CYP17A1,
3β-HSD and P450scc were quantified in the GI tract by real-time PCR. CYP19A1 was detected mainly in the body and pyloric regions of the abomasum, while we detected weak
expression of CYP19A1 in other parts of GI tract. In addition, the expression of 17β-HSD3 and CYP17A1 was detected in abomasum. 3β-HSD expression was observed in
duodenum and jejunum, while P450scc was not detectable in any part of GI tract. Immunohistochemical results showed immunolocalization of aromatase in parietal cells. Aromatase expression was observed to increase
after castration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results demonstrated that parietal cells also produced luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). These results indicate steroidogenic enzymes required for the biosynthesis of estrogen
were expressed, and the abomasum appeared to be the responsible organ for estrogen biosynthesis in the goat GI tract. In addition, parietal cells were responsible for estrogen production and the expression of LHR. Castration
increased aromatase expression in abomasum through LH mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mohibbi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim Qasimi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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18
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Bharadwaj S, Kulkarni G, Shen B. Menstrual cycle, sex hormones in female inflammatory bowel disease patients with and without surgery. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:245-55. [PMID: 25851437 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Healthy women at reproductive age experience a cyclical alteration of gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology during their menstrual cycle. Additionally, the majority of healthy women also complain of worsening of GI symptoms either during the premenstrual or menstrual phase. Despite conflicting evidence, studies suggest that sex hormones may increase GI transit time during the luteal phase. Similar phenomenon is also observed in women with underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mechanism underlying this complex pathophysiology is still not completely understood. However, a possible influence of sex hormones on the brain-gut-microbiota axis is hypothesized. The diagnosis of IBD is associated with a delay in menarche as well as menstrual function irregularities including alterations in cycle length and the duration of flow. There is little data on the effect of menopause on IBD disease activity and conflicting data on the effect of IBD diagnosis on the onset of menopause. The role of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies on the development or disease activity of IBD has not been yet established. Moreover, IBD patients with concomitant dysmenorrhea report heightened pain during menses. The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treating primary dysmenorrhea on the disease course of IBD is unknown. In addition, the effect of IBD medications including immunomodulators and biologics on menstrual function remains unclear. Also, the role of IBD surgery on menstrual irregularities needs to be fully elucidated. Hence, understanding the influence of menstrual function on IBD disease activity and vice versa and the maintenance of normal menstrual function in those patients is important in improving overall reproductive health and fertility and outcome of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishira Bharadwaj
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Geeta Kulkarni
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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19
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Dart DA, Waxman J, Aboagye EO, Bevan CL. Visualising androgen receptor activity in male and female mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71694. [PMID: 23940781 PMCID: PMC3737126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens, required for normal development and fertility of males and females, have vital roles in the reproductive tract, brain, cardiovascular system, smooth muscle and bone. Androgens function via the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. To assay and localise AR activity in vivo we generated the transgenic “ARE-Luc” mouse, expressing a luciferase reporter gene under the control of activated endogenous AR. In vivo imaging of androgen-mediated luciferase activity revealed several strongly expressing tissues in the male mouse as expected and also in certain female tissues. In males the testes, prostate, seminal vesicles and bone marrow all showed high AR activity. In females, strong activity was seen in the ovaries, uterus, omentum tissue and mammary glands. In both sexes AR expression and activity was also found in salivary glands, the eye (and associated glands), adipose tissue, spleen and, notably, regions of the brain. Luciferase protein expression was found in the same cell layers as androgen receptor expression. Additionally, mouse AR expression and activity correlated well with AR expression in human tissues. The anti-androgen bicalutamide reduced luciferase signal in all tissues. Our model demonstrates that androgens can act in these tissues directly via AR, rather than exclusively via androgen aromatisation to estrogens and activation of the estrogen receptor. Additionally, it visually demonstrates the fundamental importance of AR signalling outside the normal role in the reproductive organs. This model represents an important tool for physiological and developmental analysis of androgen signalling, and for characterization of known and novel androgenic or antiandrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Alwyn Dart
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Bevan
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Beilstein F, Bouchoux J, Rousset M, Demignot S. Proteomic analysis of lipid droplets from Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes identifies novel modulators of lipid secretion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53017. [PMID: 23301014 PMCID: PMC3534623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In enterocytes, the dynamic accumulation and depletion of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD) during fat absorption suggests that cytosolic LD-associated TAG contribute to TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) production. To get insight into the mechanisms controlling the storage/secretion balance of TAG, we used as a tool hepatitis C virus core protein, which localizes onto LDs, and thus may modify their protein coat and decrease TRL secretion. We compared the proteome of LD fractions isolated from Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes expressing or not hepatitis C virus core protein by a differential proteomic approach (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry). We identified 42 proteins, 21 being involved in lipid metabolism. Perilipin-2/ADRP, which is suggested to stabilize long term-stored TAG, was enriched in LD fractions isolated from Caco-2/TC7 expressing core protein while perilipin-3/TIP47, which is involved in LD synthesis from newly synthesized TAG, was decreased. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins were strongly decreased, suggesting reduced interactions between LD and endoplasmic reticulum, where TRL assembly occurs. For the first time, we show that 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (DHB2), which catalyzes the conversion of 17-keto to 17 β-hydroxysteroids and which was the most highly enriched protein in core expressing cells, is localized to LD and interferes with TAG secretion, probably through its capacity to inactivate testosterone. Overall, we identified potential new players of lipid droplet dynamics, which may be involved in the balance between lipid storage and secretion, and may be altered in enterocytes in pathological conditions such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Beilstein
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 872, Les Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 872, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Julien Bouchoux
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 872, Les Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 872, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Monique Rousset
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 872, Les Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Demignot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 872, Les Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Inserm, U 872, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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21
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Alfaro NS, Salvetti NR, Velazquez MM, Stangaferro ML, Rey F, Ortega HH. Steroid receptor mRNA expression in the ovarian follicles of cows with cystic ovarian disease. Res Vet Sci 2012; 92:478-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Prasansuklab A, Poovorawan Y, Tencomnao T. Modulation of human serotonin transporter expression by 5-HTTLPR in colon cells. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6619-34. [PMID: 22072907 PMCID: PMC3210998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter and plays important roles in several of the human body's systems. Known as a primary target for psychoactive drug development, the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, SERT) plays a critical role in the regulation of serotonergic function by reuptaking 5-HT. The allelic variation of 5-HTT expression is caused by functional gene promoter polymorphism with two principal variant alleles, 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). It has been demonstrated that 5-HTTLPR is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The functional roles of 5-HTTLPR have been reported in human choriocarcinoma (JAR), lymphoblast and raphe cells. To date, the significance of 5-HTTLPR in gastrointestinal tract-derived cells has never been elucidated. Thus, the impact of 5-HTTLPR on 5-HTT transcription was studied in SW480 human colon carcinoma cells, which were shown to express 5-HTT. We found 42-bp fragment in long (L) allele as compared to short (S) allele, and this allelic difference resulted in 2-fold higher transcriptional efficiency of L allele (P < 0.05) as demonstrated using a functional reporter gene assay. Nevertheless, the transcriptional effect of estrogen and glucocorticoid on 5-HTT expression via 5-HTTLPR was not found in this cell line. Our study was the first to demonstrate the molecular role of this allelic variation in gastrointestinal tract cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; E-Mail:
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Viral Hepatitis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; E-Mail:
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Center for Excellence in Omics-Nano Medical Technology Development Project, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +662-218-1081 (ext. 313); Fax: +662-218-1082
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Pham CH, Park KS, Kim BC, Kim HN, Gu MB. Construction and characterization of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) hepatic cDNA library and its implementation to biomarker screening in aquatic toxicology. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 105:569-575. [PMID: 21937010 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To strengthen the toxicogenomic study, we constructed a library of hepatic cDNA from Japanese medaka under influence of specific chemical mediated stress responses. Gene expression profile analysis of the cDNA microarrays followed by real time RT-PCR assay were conducted to screen particular biomarkers for 17-beta estradiol (E2), nonylphenol (NP) and 2-chlorophenol (2CP). Information of 1509 high-quality ESTs including 260 new ESTs was added onto GenBank and dbEST. The ESTs were clustered and assembled into 159 contigs and 372 singletons. Among them, 128 contigs and 163 singletons (54.8%) were functionally characterized and 13 UniESTs (2.5%) were hypothetical proteins. Ontology analysis resulting in 282 UniESTs which involved with 2102 GOs and 93 sequences associated with 116 enzyme codes. For each test chemical, two specific biomarkers were selected from the gene expression profiling of microarrays. The expression patterns of the marker genes in real time PCR analysis were consistent with the regulated gene expression patterns in microarrays. The tentative biomarkers showed unique gene expression patterns depending on chemical concentration(s) and exposure duration in real time RT-PCR analysis. The analysis accomplished of the hepatic cDNA library and its information added to genetic and genomic resources could be sufficiently valuable specifically for aquatic toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoa Pham
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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Riedmaier I, Pfaffl MW, Meyer HHD. The analysis of the transcriptome as a new approach for biomarker development to trace the abuse of anabolic steroid hormones. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:676-81. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Braniste V, Audebert M, Zalko D, Houdeau E. Bisphenol A in the Gut: Another Break in the Wall? RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22775-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Gene expression in the digestive tissues of ruminants and their relationships with feeding and digestive processes. Animal 2010; 4:993-1007. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109991285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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The use of omic technologies for biomarker development to trace functions of anabolic agents. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8192-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Chae YJ, Pham CH, Lee J, Bae E, Yi J, Gu MB. Evaluation of the toxic impact of silver nanoparticles on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 94:320-327. [PMID: 19699002 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of nano-sized metallic materials is likely to result in the release of these particles into the environment. It is, however, unclear if these materials are harmful to aquatic animals. Furthermore, because the dissolution of such nanomaterials will occur, it is probable that some of the adverse effects resulting will result from the dissolved metal species. In this study, therefore, we investigated the health and environmental impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on Japanese Medaka by studying changes in the expression of stress-related genes using real time RT-PCR analysis and compared these results with those of Medaka exposed to soluble silver ions. The stress-related genes selected here were metallothionein, HSP 70, GST, p53, CYP 1A and the transferrin gene. The expression levels of each gene were determined using two different Ag-NPs dosages and were quantified by measuring the mRNA concentrations in liver extracts with the Taqman-based Real-Time PCR method. The results suggest that these two silver forms have distinguishable toxic fingerprints between them. While the Ag-NPs led to cellular and DNA damage, as well as carcinogenic and oxidative stresses, genes related with metal detoxification/metabolism regulation and radical scavenging action were also induced. In contrast, the ionic silver led to an induction of inflammatory response and metallic detoxification processes in the liver of the exposed fish, but resulted in a lower overall stress response when compared with the Ag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Chae
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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29
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Lee EJ, Cho HW. Estrogen receptor alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol causes alterations of the morphology and function of the mouse male reproductive system. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2009.9647212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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30
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O'Neil MR, Lardy GP, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Vonnahme KA. Impacts of linseed meal and estradiol-17β on mass, cellularity, angiogenic factors, and vascularity of the jejunum1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:3014-22. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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31
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Guo TL. (Xeno)estrogen regulation of food allergy. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 5:259-70. [PMID: 18830886 DOI: 10.1080/15376510802312290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy and other types of allergies are becoming epidemic in both the developed and developing countries. A large amount of information is available in literature that (xeno)estrogens can regulate the immune response in general, and the development of allergy in particular; however, the effect of (xeno)estrogens on food allergy is basically unknown. With increasing use of xenobiotics worldwide, chemicals with estrogenic activity have been accumulating in our environment. This review has summarized the current literature relating to the topic (xeno)estrogen regulation of food allergy. The effect of (xeno)estrogens on enterocytes, proteases for protein hydrolysis, dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells in the gastrointestinal tract has been discussed. Finally, considering the current confusion in literature regarding the effect of phytoestrogen genistein on the immune system, a brief discussion has been included for its effect on T(H)1-T(H)2 polarization, and possibly food allergy in its relation to windows of exposure. Sufficient evidences exist to support the notion that (xeno)estrogens can regulate food allergy, with the developmental periods more sensitive. Further clinical and animal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between the exposure of (xeno)estrogens and incidence of food allergy, and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0613, USA.
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32
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM) related to hormone residues in bovine meat and meat products. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Reiter M, Walf VM, Christians A, Pfaffl MW, Meyer HHD. Modification of mRNA expression after treatment with anabolic agents and the usefulness for gene expression-biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 586:73-81. [PMID: 17386698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With this feasibility study a first step towards a new monitoring system for hormonal treatments was done. Screening of regulation and function of anabolic sex steroids via modified gene expression of mRNA in various tissues could be a new approach to trace treatments with unknown drugs or newly combined cocktails. In the study, uterus, liver and muscle tissue from 24 cycling heifers were taken after the animals were treated either with Melengestrol Acetate (MGA), Finaplix-H (200 mg Trenbolone Acetate) or Ralgro (36 mg Zeranol) for 56 days. In every treatment group always two heifers were given 1-fold, 3-fold and 10-fold doses of the standard preparation, the control group without any treatment consisted of two animals. The different tissue gene expression profiles were investigated via the candidate gene approach. Totally 57 candidate genes were selected according to their functionality by screening the actual literature and composed to functional groups: angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, endocrine factors, energy metabolism, inflammatory factors, muscle function, oncogenes, protein metabolism and transcription factors. Gene expression was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) technology. From 24 tested candidate genes in the liver, 17 showed a significant regulation. Eight genes were influenced by MGA, 9 by Finaplix-H, and 4 by Ralgro. For the muscle tissue 19 genes were tested with the result that in the neck muscle 11 genes were regulated and in the hind limb muscle 8 genes. In the neck 5 genes were affected by MGA, 6 by Finaplix-H and 3 by Ralgro. Only 2 genes were influenced by MGA in the hind limb muscle. Finaplix-H affected 6 and Ralgro 4 genes. In the uterus 29 target genes were tested and 13 were significantly influenced by the anabolic sex steroids. Under Finaplix-H treatment eight target genes were regulated and Ralgro and MGA showed a significant regulation in four target genes. The highest gene expression changes under anabolic treatment were observed in the uterus. The analyzed genes showed significant regulations but further studies, testing different animal husbandry conditions will be needed to identify meaningful expression patterns for the different tissues. With the investigation of the regulation and possible function of anabolic sex steroids via gene expression, a preparatory work for the development of an expression pattern for drug screening was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Reiter
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Hartel A, Didier A, Ulbrich SE, Wierer M, Meyer HHD. Characterisation of steroid receptor expression in the human prostate carcinoma cell line 22RV1 and quantification of androgen effects on mRNA regulation of prostate-specific genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 92:187-97. [PMID: 15555912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of natural androgens on the expression of androgen-regulated genes in the human prostate carcinoma cell line 22RV1 was characterised. To clarify the usefulness of the cells for in vitro studies concerning activation of androgen responsive genes by various steroidal compounds steroid receptor expression patterns had to be characterised intensively. Expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta), progestin receptor (PR) and glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta was investigated by the means of RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, ligand binding or Western blot. 22RV1 cells were proved to express androgen receptor and less glucocorticoid receptor beta on mRNA level. The confirmed mutation of the androgen receptor at codon H874 slightly apart from the steroid binding pocket seemed not to cause alteration of natural steroid hormone binding. mRNA expression of all progestin and estrogen receptor isoforms as well as glucocorticoid receptor alpha could not be detected. To study functional relevance of above-mentioned findings nine androgen-regulated genes were chosen to characterise the cell line and to determine androgenic effects using highly sensitive real-time RT-PCR. Addition of the three natural steroids dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, and 19-nortestosterone significantly influenced mRNA expression profiles. All compounds under study showed clear time-dependent and androgen-specific effects on transcriptional level. The results demonstrate that the cultivated human prostate carcinoma epithelial cells have a hormonal sensitivity correlated with the presence of specific receptors and can, therefore, serve as a selective model to study hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hartel
- Physiology Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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Abstract
'Classical' genomic progesterone receptors appear relatively late in phylogenesis, i.e. it is only in birds and mammals that they are detectable. In the different species, they mediate manifold effects regarding the differentiation of target organ functions, mainly in the reproductive system. Surprisingly, we know little about the physiology, endocrinology, and pharmacology of progesterone and progestins in male gender or men respectively, despite the fact that, as to progesterone secretion and serum progesterone levels, there are no great quantitative differences between men and women (at least outside the luteal phase). In a prospective cohort study of 1026 men with and without cardiovascular disease, we were not able to demonstrate any age-dependent change in serum progesterone concentrations. Progesterone influences spermiogenesis, sperm capacitation/acrosome reaction and testosterone biosynthesis in the Leydig cells. Other progesterone effects in men include those on the central nervous system (CNS) (mainly mediated by 5alpha-reduced progesterone metabolites as so-called neurosteroids), including blocking of gonadotropin secretion, sleep improvement, and effects on tumors in the CNS (meningioma, fibroma), as well as effects on the immune system, cardiovascular system, kidney function, adipose tissue, behavior, and respiratory system. A progestin may stimulate weight gain and appetite in men as well as in women. The detection of progesterone receptor isoforms would have a highly diagnostic value in prostate pathology (benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer). The modulation of progesterone effects on typical male targets is connected with a great pharmacodynamic variability. The reason for this is that, in men, some important effects of progesterone are mediated non-genomically through different molecular biological modes of action. Therefore, the precise therapeutic manipulation of progesterone actions in the male requires completely new endocrine-pharmacological approaches.
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