1
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Kilroy EA, Ignacz AC, Brann KL, Schaffer CE, Varney D, Alrowaished SS, Silknitter KJ, Miner JN, Almaghasilah A, Spellen TL, Lewis AD, Tilbury K, King BL, Kelley JB, Henry CA. Beneficial impacts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle structure and function in the zebrafish model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. eLife 2022; 11:62760. [PMID: 35324428 PMCID: PMC8947762 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) allows activation of muscle fibers in the absence of voluntary force generation. NMES could have the potential to promote muscle homeostasis in the context of muscle disease, but the impacts of NMES on diseased muscle are not well understood. We used the zebrafish Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) mutant and a longitudinal design to elucidate the consequences of NMES on muscle health. We designed four neuromuscular stimulation paradigms loosely based on weightlifting regimens. Each paradigm differentially affected neuromuscular structure, function, and survival. Only endurance neuromuscular stimulation (eNMES) improved all outcome measures. We found that eNMES improves muscle and neuromuscular junction morphology, swimming, and survival. Heme oxygenase and integrin alpha7 are required for eNMES-mediated improvement. Our data indicate that neuromuscular stimulation can be beneficial, suggesting that the right type of activity may benefit patients with muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Kilroy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Amanda C Ignacz
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Kaylee L Brann
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Claire E Schaffer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Devon Varney
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | | | - Kodey J Silknitter
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Jordan N Miner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Ahmed Almaghasilah
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Tashawna L Spellen
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Alexandra D Lewis
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Karissa Tilbury
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Benjamin L King
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Joshua B Kelley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Clarissa A Henry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, United States.,School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, United States
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2
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Meyer P, Notarnicola C, Meli AC, Matecki S, Hugon G, Salvador J, Khalil M, Féasson L, Cances C, Cottalorda J, Desguerre I, Cuisset JM, Sabouraud P, Lacampagne A, Chevassus H, Rivier F, Carnac G. Skeletal Ryanodine Receptors Are Involved in Impaired Myogenic Differentiation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12985. [PMID: 34884796 PMCID: PMC8657486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting following repeated muscle damage and inadequate regeneration. Impaired myogenesis and differentiation play a major role in DMD as well as intracellular calcium (Ca2+) mishandling. Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is mostly mediated by the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1) that is required for skeletal muscle differentiation in animals. The study objective was to determine whether altered RYR1-mediated Ca2+ release contributes to myogenic differentiation impairment in DMD patients. The comparison of primary cultured myoblasts from six boys with DMD and five healthy controls highlighted delayed myoblast differentiation in DMD. Silencing RYR1 expression using specific si-RNA in a healthy control induced a similar delayed differentiation. In DMD myotubes, resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased, but RYR1-mediated Ca2+ release was not changed compared with control myotubes. Incubation with the RYR-calstabin interaction stabilizer S107 decreased resting Ca2+ concentration in DMD myotubes to control values and improved calstabin1 binding to the RYR1 complex. S107 also improved myogenic differentiation in DMD. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was correlated with endomysial fibrosis, which is the only myopathologic parameter associated with poor motor outcome in patients with DMD. This suggested a potential relationship between RYR1 dysfunction and motor impairment. Our study highlights RYR1-mediated Ca2+ leakage in human DMD myotubes and its key role in myogenic differentiation impairment. RYR1 stabilization may be an interesting adjunctive therapeutic strategy in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Meyer
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
- Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC, Clinical Investigation Centre, Pediatric Neurology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Notarnicola
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Albano C. Meli
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefan Matecki
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Gérald Hugon
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Jérémy Salvador
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Mirna Khalil
- Clinical Investigation Center, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Myology Unit, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Euro-NmD, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences—EA7424, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Claude Cances
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC, Pediatric Neurology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, 3100 Toulouse, France;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Pediatric Multi-thematic Module CIC 1436, Toulouse Children’s Hospital, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cottalorda
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Plastic Surgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Paris Nord-Ile-de-France-Est, Pediatric Neurology Department, Necker Enfant Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Paris University, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Cuisset
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Nord-Ile-de-France-Est, Pediatric Neurology Department, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Pascal Sabouraud
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Nord-Ile-de-France-Est, Pediatric Neurology Department, Reims University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Hugues Chevassus
- Clinical Investigation Center, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.K.); (H.C.)
| | - François Rivier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
- Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC, Clinical Investigation Centre, Pediatric Neurology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Carnac
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (C.N.); (A.C.M.); (S.M.); (G.H.); (J.S.); (A.L.); (F.R.); (G.C.)
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3
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Safety and clinical outcome of tamoxifen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:803-813. [PMID: 34304968 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Patients having Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are currently being treated with corticosteroids, which slow down disease progression at the expense of serious adverse effects. Tamoxifen is a pro-drug some of whose metabolites interact with the nuclear estrogen receptor, leading to anti-fibrotic and muscle-protective effects as has been demonstrated in a murine model of DMD. Here we report the results from a monocentric single arm prospective study in 13 ambulant boys aged 6-14 years with genetically confirmed DMD, aimed to assess the safety of tamoxifen and its impact on disease progression. Boys were treated for up to 3 years with 20 mg/day of oral tamoxifen, in addition to their ongoing corticosteroid treatment. For 8 of these patients, outcome was compared to an age- and performance-matched 12-month natural history dataset. The primary end point was the 6-minute walk test. Secondary end points were the NorthStar assessment, timed function tests, pulmonary function, the biomarker creatine phosphokinase and adverse effects. No adverse effects were noticed other than mild gynecomastia in 4 boys. Tamoxifen-treated patients retained motor and respiratory function, compared with a significant deterioration of age-matched historical control patients receiving corticosteroids only. These encouraging findings warrant a larger clinical trial to substantiate the use of tamoxifen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
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4
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Schüssler SC, Gerhalter T, Abicht A, Müller-Felber W, Nagel AM, Trollmann R. Rare intronic mutation between Exon 62 and 63 (c.9225-285A>G) of the dystrophin gene associated with atypical BMD phenotype. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:680-684. [PMID: 32669210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophinopathies are predominantly caused by deletions, duplications and point mutations in the coding regions of the dystrophin gene with less than 1% of all pathogenic mutations identified within intronic sequences. We describe a 17-year-old male with a Becker muscular dystrophy diagnosis and mental disability due to an intron mutation that led to aberrant splicing and formation of an additional exon. Histopathological analysis of muscle tissue revealed signs of muscular dystrophy and reduced signal for dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan, and alpha-dystroglycan. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification screening and total sequencing of the dystrophin gene did not identify a mutation in the coding regions. However, next generation sequencing revealed an intron mutation between exons 62 and 63 of the dystrophin gene known for pseudoexon formation and disruption of the reading frame. We report a functional consequence of this mutation as an increased intracellular-weighted sodium signal (assessed by 23Na-magnetic resonance imaging) in leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Schüssler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen (FAU), Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Gerhalter
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Abicht
- Medical Center of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - W Müller-Felber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen (FAU), Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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GsMTx4-D provides protection to the D2.mdx mouse. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:868-877. [PMID: 30174173 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a life-limiting muscle disease that has no current effective therapy. Despite mounting evidence that dysregulation of mechanosensitive ion channels is a significant contributor to dystrophy pathogenesis, effective pharmacologic strategies targeting these channels are lacking. GsMTx4, and its enantiomer GsMTx4-D, are peptide inhibitors of mechanosensitive channels with identical activity. In previous studies, acute in vitro application of GsMTx4 to dystrophic murine muscle effectively reduced the excess MSC dependent calcium influx linked to contraction-induced muscle damage. Here we sought to determine if in vivo treatment with GsMTx4-D proffered benefit in the D2.mdx mouse. GsMTx4-D showed a 1-week half-life when administered by subcutaneous injection over four weeks. Informed by these results, D2.mdx mice were then treated by a subcutaneous injection regimen of GsMTx4-D for six weeks followed by determination of muscle mass, muscle susceptibility to eccentric contraction injury and multiple histological indicators of disease progression. The mice showed a reduction in the loss of muscle mass and a decrease in susceptibility to contraction induced injury. These protective effects were realized without reduction in fibrosis, supporting a model where GsMTx4-D acts directly on muscle cells. We propose GsMTx4-D represents a promising new therapy to slow disease progression and may complement other therapies such as anti-inflammatory agents and gene-replacement strategies.
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6
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Muscular Dystrophies and Cancer Cachexia: Similarities in Chronic Skeletal Muscle Degeneration. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Van Ry PM, Fontelonga TM, Barraza-Flores P, Sarathy A, Nunes AM, Burkin DJ. ECM-Related Myopathies and Muscular Dystrophies: Pros and Cons of Protein Therapies. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1519-1536. [PMID: 28915335 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) myopathies and muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that provide critical links between muscle cells and the extracellular matrix. These include structural proteins of the ECM, muscle cell receptors, enzymes, and intracellular proteins. Loss of adhesion within the myomatrix results in progressive muscle weakness. For many ECM muscular dystrophies, symptoms can occur any time after birth and often result in reduced life expectancy. There are no cures for the ECM-related muscular dystrophies and treatment options are limited to palliative care. Several therapeutic approaches have been explored to treat muscular dystrophies including gene therapy, gene editing, exon skipping, embryonic, and adult stem cell therapy, targeting genetic modifiers, modulating inflammatory responses, or preventing muscle degeneration. Recently, protein therapies that replace components of the defective myomatrix or enhance muscle and/or extracellular matrix integrity and function have been explored. Preclinical studies for many of these biologics have been promising in animal models of these muscle diseases. This review aims to summarize the ECM muscular dystrophies for which protein therapies are being developed and discuss the exciting potential and possible limitations of this approach for treating this family of devastating genetic muscle diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1519-1536, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Tatiana M Fontelonga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Pamela Barraza-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Apurva Sarathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Andreia M Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolucao e Alteracoes Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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8
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Lopez JR, Kolster J, Zhang R, Adams J. Increased constitutive nitric oxide production by whole body periodic acceleration ameliorates alterations in cardiomyocytes associated with utrophin/dystrophin deficiency. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28623080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) cardiomyopathy is a progressive lethal disease caused by the lack of the dystrophin protein in the heart. The most widely used animal model of DMD is the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse; however, these mice exhibit a mild dystrophic phenotype with heart failure only late in life. In contrast, mice deficient for both dystrophin and utrophin (mdx/utrn-/-, or dKO) can be used to model severe DMD cardiomyopathy where pathophysiological indicators of heart failure are detectable by 8-10weeks of age. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in vital functions of regulating rhythm, contractility, and microcirculation of the heart, and constitutive NO production affects the function of proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling. In this study, we explored the efficacy of enhancing NO production as a therapeutic strategy for treating DMD cardiomyopathy using the dKO mouse model of DMD. Specifically, NO production was induced via whole body periodic acceleration (pGz), a novel non-pharmacologic intervention which enhances NO synthase (NOS) activity through sinusoidal motion of the body in a headward-footward direction, introducing pulsatile shear stress to the vascular endothelium and cardiomyocyte plasma membrane. Male dKO mice were randomized at 8weeks of age to receive daily pGz (480cpm, Gz±3.0m/s2, 1h/d) for 4weeks or no treatment, and a separate age-matched group of WT animals (pGz-treated and untreated) served as non-diseased controls. At the conclusion of the protocol, cardiomyocytes from untreated dKO animals had, respectively, 4.3-fold and 3.5-fold higher diastolic resting concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]d) and Na+ ([Na+]d) compared to WT, while pGz treatment significantly reduced these levels. For dKO cardiomyocytes, pGz treatment also improved the depressed contractile function, decreased oxidative stress, blunted the elevation in calpain activity, and mitigated the abnormal increase in [Ca2+]d upon mechanical stress. These improvements culminated in a significant reduction in circulating cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and an extension of the median lifespan of dKO mice from 16 to 31weeks. Treatment with L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) significantly decreased overall lifespan and abolished the cardioprotective properties elicited by pGz. Our results provide evidence that enhancement of NO synthesis by pGz can ameliorate cellular dysfunction in dKO cardiomyocytes and may represent a novel therapeutic intervention in DMD cardiomyopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, United States.
| | - Juan Kolster
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jose Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, United States
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9
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Aguettaz E, Lopez JJ, Krzesiak A, Lipskaia L, Adnot S, Hajjar RJ, Cognard C, Constantin B, Sebille S. Axial stretch-dependent cation entry in dystrophic cardiomyopathy: Involvement of several TRPs channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:145-155. [PMID: 26803937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), deficiency of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin leads to well-described defects in skeletal muscle but also to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In cardiac cells, the subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin is thought to protect the membrane from mechanical stress. The dystrophin deficiency leads to membrane instability and a high stress-induced Ca(2+) influx due to dysregulation of sarcolemmal channels such as stretch-activated channels (SACs). In this work divalent cation entry has been explored in isolated ventricular Wild Type (WT) and mdx cardiomyocytes in two different conditions: at rest and during the application of an axial stretch. At rest, our results suggest that activation of TRPV2 channels participates to a constitutive basal cation entry in mdx cardiomyocytes.Using microcarbon fibres technique, an axial stretchwas applied to mimic effects of physiological conditions of ventricular filling and study on cation influx bythe Mn(2+)-quenching techniquedemonstrated a high stretch-dependentcationic influx in dystrophic cells, partially due to SACs. Involvement of TRPs channels in this excessive Ca(2+) influx has been investigated using specific modulators and demonstratedboth sarcolemmal localization and an abnormal activity of TRPV2 channels. In conclusion, TRPV2 channels are demonstrated here to play a key role in cation influx and dysregulation in dystrophin deficient cardiomyocytes, enhanced in stretching conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aguettaz
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM CNRS ERL 7368), Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cardiaque (TIRC), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - J J Lopez
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM CNRS ERL 7368), Equipe Calcium et Microenvironnement des Cellules Souches (CMCS), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - A Krzesiak
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM CNRS ERL 7368), Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cardiaque (TIRC), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - L Lipskaia
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Adnot
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - R J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C Cognard
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM CNRS ERL 7368), Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cardiaque (TIRC), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - B Constantin
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM CNRS ERL 7368), Equipe Calcium et Microenvironnement des Cellules Souches (CMCS), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - S Sebille
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM CNRS ERL 7368), Equipe Transferts Ioniques et Rythmicité Cardiaque (TIRC), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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10
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Galectin-1 Protein Therapy Prevents Pathology and Improves Muscle Function in the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1285-1297. [PMID: 26050991 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to the loss of a critical component of the sarcolemmal dystrophin glycoprotein complex. Galectin-1 is a small 14 kDa protein normally found in skeletal muscle and has been shown to be a modifier of immune response, muscle repair, and apoptosis. Galectin-1 levels are elevated in the muscle of mouse and dog models of DMD. Together, these findings led us to hypothesize that Galectin-1 may serve as a modifier of disease progression in DMD. To test this hypothesis, recombinant mouse Galectin-1 was produced and used to treat myogenic cells and the mdx mouse model of DMD. Here we show that intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections of Galectin-1 into mdx mice prevented pathology and improved muscle function in skeletal muscle. These improvements were a result of enhanced sarcolemmal stability mediated by elevated utrophin and α7β1 integrin protein levels. Together our results demonstrate for the first time that Galectin-1 may serve as an exciting new protein therapeutic for the treatment of DMD.
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11
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Mitochondrial dysfunctions during progression of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:186-95. [PMID: 25975620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease with severe cardiac complications. It is believed that cellular oxidative stress and augmented Ca(2+) signaling drives the development of cardiac pathology. Some mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions have also been reported. Here we investigate cellular mechanisms responsible for impaired mitochondrial metabolism in dystrophic cardiomyopathy at early stages of the disease. We employed electrophysiological and imaging techniques to study mitochondrial structure and function in cardiomyocytes from mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Here we show that mitochondrial matrix was progressively oxidized in myocytes isolated from mdx mice. Moreover, an abrupt increase in workload resulted in significantly more pronounced oxidation of mitochondria in dystrophic cells. Electron micrographs revealed a gradually increased number of damaged mitochondria in mdx myocytes. Degradation in mitochondrial structure was correlated with progressive increase in mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration and mitochondrial depolarization, despite a substantial and persistent elevation in resting cytosolic sodium levels. Treatment of mdx cells with cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), shifted both resting and workload-dependent mitochondrial redox state to the levels recorded in control myocytes. It also significantly reduced workload dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in dystrophic cardiomyocytes. Overall, our studies highlight age dependent deterioration of mitochondrial function in dystrophic cardiomyocytes, which seems to be associated with excessive opening of mPTP due to oxidative stress and cellular Ca(2+) overload.
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Mázala DAG, Pratt SJP, Chen D, Molkentin JD, Lovering RM, Chin ER. SERCA1 overexpression minimizes skeletal muscle damage in dystrophic mouse models. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C699-709. [PMID: 25652448 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting secondary to repeated muscle damage and inadequate repair. Elevations in intracellular free Ca²⁺ have been implicated in disease progression, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase 1 (SERCA1) overexpression has been shown to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of SERCA1 overexpression in the more severe mdx/Utr(-/-) mouse model of DMD. Mice overexpressing SERCA1 were crossed with mdx/Utr ± mice to generate mdx/Utr(-/-)/+SERCA1 mice and compared with wild-type (WT), WT/+SERCA1, mdx/+SERCA1, and genotype controls. Mice were assessed at ∼12 wk of age for changes in Ca²⁺ handling, muscle mass, quadriceps torque, markers of muscle damage, and response to repeated eccentric contractions. SERCA1-overexpressing mice had a two- to threefold increase in maximal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase activity compared with WT which was associated with normalization in body mass for both mdx/+SERCA1 and mdx/Utr(-/-)/+SERCA1. Torque deficit in the quadriceps after eccentric injury was 2.7-fold greater in mdx/Utr(-/-) vs. WT mice, but only 1.5-fold greater in mdx/Utr(-/-)/+SERCA1 vs. WT mice, an attenuation of 44%. Markers of muscle damage (% centrally nucleated fibers, necrotic area, and serum creatine kinase levels) were higher in both mdx and mdx/Utr(-/-) vs. WT, and all were attenuated by overexpression of SERCA1. These data indicate that SERCA1 overexpression ameliorates functional impairments and cellular markers of damage in a more severe mouse model of DMD. These findings support targeting intracellular Ca²⁺ control as a therapeutic approach for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi A G Mázala
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryand
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryand; and
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryand
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryand; and
| | - Eva R Chin
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryand; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryand; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of diseases characterised by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which compromises patient mobility and in the most severe cases originate a complete paralysis and premature death. Existing evidence implicates calcium dysregulation as an underlying crucial event in the pathophysiology of several muscular dystrophies, such as dystrophinopathies, calpainopathies or myotonic dystrophy among others. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most frequent myopathy in childhood, and calpainopathy or LGMD2A is the most common form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, whereas myotonic dystrophy is the most frequent inherited muscle disease worldwide. In this review, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of calcium ion cycling through the sarcolemma, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and its involvement in the pathogenesis of these dystrophies. We also discuss some of the clinical implications of recent findings regarding Ca2+ handling as well as novel approaches to treat muscular dystrophies targeting Ca2+ regulatory proteins.
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Berardi E, Annibali D, Cassano M, Crippa S, Sampaolesi M. Molecular and cell-based therapies for muscle degenerations: a road under construction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:119. [PMID: 24782779 PMCID: PMC3986550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances achieved in understanding the molecular biology of muscle cells in the past decades, there is still need for effective treatments of muscular degeneration caused by muscular dystrophies and for counteracting the muscle wasting caused by cachexia or sarcopenia. The corticosteroid medications currently in use for dystrophic patients merely help to control the inflammatory state and only slightly delay the progression of the disease. Unfortunately, walkers and wheel chairs are the only options for such patients to maintain independence and walking capabilities until the respiratory muscles become weak and the mechanical ventilation is needed. On the other hand, myostatin inhibition, IL-6 antagonism and synthetic ghrelin administration are examples of promising treatments in cachexia animal models. In both dystrophies and cachectic syndrome the muscular degeneration is extremely relevant and the translational therapeutic attempts to find a possible cure are well defined. In particular, molecular-based therapies are common options to be explored in order to exploit beneficial treatments for cachexia, while gene/cell therapies are mostly used in the attempt to induce a substantial improvement of the dystrophic muscular phenotype. This review focuses on the description of the use of molecular administrations and gene/stem cell therapy to treat muscular degenerations. It reviews previous trials using cell delivery protocols in mice and patients starting with the use of donor myoblasts, outlining the likely causes for their poor results and briefly focusing on satellite cell studies that raise new hope. Then it proceeds to describe recently identified stem/progenitor cells, including pluripotent stem cells and in relationship to their ability to home within a dystrophic muscle and to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. Different known features of various stem cells are compared in this perspective, and the few available examples of their use in animal models of muscular degeneration are reported. Since non coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as prominent players in the regulation of stem cell fates we also provides an outline of the role of microRNAs in the control of myogenic commitment. Finally, based on our current knowledge and the rapid advance in stem cell biology, a prediction of clinical translation for cell therapy protocols combined with molecular treatments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Berardi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Department of Development and Reproduction, KUL University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Proliferation, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaamse Institute voor Biotechnologie Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Cassano
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy ; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Crippa
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy ; Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Department of Development and Reproduction, KUL University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Interuniversity Institute of Myology Italy ; Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Russell AP, Foletta VC, Snow RJ, Wadley GD. Skeletal muscle mitochondria: a major player in exercise, health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1276-84. [PMID: 24291686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function is important for sustained health throughout the lifespan. Exercise stimulates important key stress signals that control skeletal mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Perturbations in mitochondrial content and function can directly or indirectly impact skeletal muscle function and consequently whole-body health and wellbeing. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will describe the exercise-stimulated stress signals and molecular mechanisms positively regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function. It will then discuss the major myopathies, neuromuscular diseases and conditions such as diabetes and ageing that have dysregulated mitochondrial function. Finally, the impact of exercise and potential pharmacological approaches to improve mitochondrial function in diseased populations will be discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exercise activates key stress signals that positively impact major transcriptional pathways that transcribe genes involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and metabolism. The positive impact of exercise is not limited to younger healthy adults but also benefits skeletal muscle from diseased populations and the elderly. Impaired mitochondrial function can directly influence skeletal muscle atrophy and contribute to the risk or severity of disease conditions. Pharmacological manipulation of exercise-induced pathways that increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and function in critically ill patients, where exercise may not be possible, may assist in the treatment of chronic disease. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights our understanding of how exercise positively impacts skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Exercise not only improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial health but also enables us to identify molecular mechanisms that may be attractive targets for therapeutic manipulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Frontiers of mitochondrial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, 3125 Burwood, Australia.
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, 3125 Burwood, Australia
| | - Rod J Snow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, 3125 Burwood, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, 3125 Burwood, Australia
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Godin R, Daussin F, Matecki S, Li T, Petrof BJ, Burelle Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1- gene α transfer restores mitochondrial biomass and improves mitochondrial calcium handling in post-necrotic mdx mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2012; 590:5487-502. [PMID: 22907054 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondrial function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In the present study, mitochondrial respiratory function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics and susceptibility to Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition pore (PTP) opening were investigated in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibres of 6-week-old mdx mice, in order to characterize the magnitude and nature of mitochondrial dysfunction at an early post-necrotic stage of the disease. Short-term overexpression of the transcriptional co-activator PGC1α, achieved by in vivo plasmid transfection, was then performed to determine whether this intervention could prevent mitochondrial impairment and mitigate associated biochemical abnormalities. Compared with normal mice, mdx mice exhibited a lower mitochondrial biomass and oxidative capacity, greater ROS buffering capabilities, and an increased vulnerability to Ca(2+)-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex. PGC1α gene transfer restored mitochondrial biomass, normalized the susceptibility to PTP opening and increased the capacity of mitochondria to buffer Ca(2+)(.) This was associated with reductions in the activity levels of the Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain as well as caspases 3 and 9. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of PGC1α in dystrophin-deficient muscles, after the onset of necrosis, has direct beneficial effects upon multiple aspects of mitochondrial function, which may in turn mitigate the activation of proteolytic and apoptotic signalling pathways associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Godin
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursalle Centre Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Robin G, Berthier C, Allard B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ permeation explored from the lumen side in mdx muscle fibers under voltage control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 139:209-18. [PMID: 22371362 PMCID: PMC3289961 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Under resting conditions, external Ca2+ is known to enter skeletal muscle cells, whereas Ca2+ stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) leaks into the cytosol. The nature of the pathways involved in the sarcolemmal Ca2+ entry and in the SR Ca2+ leak is still a matter of debate, but several lines of evidence suggest that these Ca2+ fluxes are up-regulated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We investigated here SR calcium permeation at resting potential and in response to depolarization in voltage-controlled skeletal muscle fibers from control and mdx mice, the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Using the cytosolic Ca2+ dye Fura2, we first demonstrated that the rate of Ca2+ increase in response to cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)–induced inhibition of SR Ca2+-ATPases at resting potential was significantly higher in mdx fibers, which suggests an elevated SR Ca2+ leak. However, removal of external Ca2+ reduced the rate of CPA-induced Ca2+ increase in mdx and increased it in control fibers, which indicates an up-regulation of sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx in mdx fibers. Fibers were then loaded with the low-affinity Ca2+ dye Fluo5N-AM to measure intraluminal SR Ca2+ changes. Trains of action potentials, chloro-m-cresol, and depolarization pulses evoked transient Fluo5N fluorescence decreases, and recovery of voltage-induced Fluo5N fluorescence changes were inhibited by CPA, demonstrating that Fluo5N actually reports intraluminal SR Ca2+ changes. Voltage dependence and magnitude of depolarization-induced SR Ca2+ depletion were found to be unchanged in mdx fibers, but the rate of the recovery phase that followed depletion was found to be faster, indicating a higher SR Ca2+ reuptake activity in mdx fibers. Overall, CPA-induced SR Ca2+ leak at −80 mV was found to be significantly higher in mdx fibers and was potentiated by removal of external Ca2+ in control fibers. The elevated passive SR Ca2+ leak may contribute to alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis in mdx muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Robin
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Kornegay JN, Childers MK, Bogan DJ, Bogan JR, Nghiem P, Wang J, Fan Z, Howard JF, Schatzberg SJ, Dow JL, Grange RW, Styner MA, Hoffman EP, Wagner KR. The paradox of muscle hypertrophy in muscular dystrophy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2012; 23:149-72, xii. [PMID: 22239881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in humans and syndromes in mice, dogs, and cats. Affected humans and dogs have progressive disease that leads primarily to muscle atrophy. Mdx mice progress through an initial phase of muscle hypertrophy followed by atrophy. Cats have persistent muscle hypertrophy. Hypertrophy in humans has been attributed to deposition of fat and connective tissue (pseudohypertrophy). Increased muscle mass (true hypertrophy) has been documented in animal models. Muscle hypertrophy can exaggerate postural instability and joint contractures. Deleterious consequences of muscle hypertrophy should be considered when developing treatments for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Davoodi J, Markert CD, Voelker KA, Hutson SM, Grange RW. Nutrition strategies to improve physical capabilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2011; 23:187-99, xii-xiii. [PMID: 22239883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is no current cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and palliative and prophylactic interventions to improve the quality of life of patients remain limited, with the exception of corticosteroids. This article describes 2 potential nutritional interventions for the treatment of DMD, green tea extract (GTE) and the branched-chain amino acid leucine, and their positive effects on physical activity. Both GTE and leucine are suitable for human consumption, are easily tolerated with no side effects, and, with appropriate preclinical data, could be brought forward to clinical trials rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davoodi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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21
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Hibaoui Y, Reutenauer-Patte J, Patthey-Vuadens O, Ruegg UT, Dorchies OM. Melatonin improves muscle function of the dystrophic mdx5Cv mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:163-71. [PMID: 21486366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle-wasting disease caused by the absence of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. In addition to abnormal calcium handling, numerous studies point to a crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. Considering the impressive results provided by antioxidants on dystrophic muscle structure and function, we investigated whether melatonin can protect the mdx(5Cv) mouse, an animal model for DMD. Male mdx(5Cv) mouse pups were treated with melatonin by daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (30 mg/kg body weight) or by subcutaneous (s.c.) implant(s) (18 or 54 mg melatonin as Melovine® implants) from 17/18 to 28/29 days of age. Isometric force of the triceps surae was recorded at the end of the treatment. The i.p. treatment increased the phasic twitch tension of mdx(5Cv) mice. The maximal tetanic tension was ameliorated by 18 mg s.c. and 30 mg/kg i.p. treatments. Melatonin caused the dystrophic muscle to contract and relax faster. The force-frequency relationship of melatonin-treated dystrophic mice was shifted to the right. In accordance with improved muscle function, melatonin decreased plasma creatine kinase activity, a marker for muscle injury. Melatonin treatment increased total glutathione content and lowered the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, indicating a better redox status of the muscle. In light of the present investigation, the therapeutic potential of melatonin should be further considered for patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Hibaoui
- Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Chandrasekharan K, Yoon JH, Xu Y, deVries S, Camboni M, Janssen PML, Varki A, Martin PT. A human-specific deletion in mouse Cmah increases disease severity in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:42ra54. [PMID: 20668298 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the evolution of humans, an inactivating deletion was introduced in the CMAH (cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid hydroxylase) gene, which eliminated biosynthesis of the common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid from all human cells. We found that this human-specific change in sialylation capacity contributes to the marked discrepancy in phenotype between the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the human disease. When compared to human patients with DMD, mdx mice show reduced severity or slower development of clinically relevant disease phenotypes, despite lacking dystrophin protein in almost all muscle cells. This is especially true for the loss of ambulation, cardiac and respiratory muscle weakness, and decreased life span, all of which are major phenotypes contributing to DMD morbidity and mortality. These phenotypes occur at an earlier age or to a greater degree in mdx mice that also carry a human-like mutation in the mouse Cmah gene, possibly as a result of reduced strength and expression of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and increased activation of complement. Cmah-deficient mdx mice are a small-animal model for DMD that better approximates the human glycome and its contributions to muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Chandrasekharan
- Center for Gene Therapy, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Head SI. Branched fibres in old dystrophicmdxmuscle are associated with mechanical weakening of the sarcolemma, abnormal Ca2+transients and a breakdown of Ca2+homeostasis during fatigue. Exp Physiol 2010; 95:641-56. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.052019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mulè F, Amato A, Serio R. Gastric emptying, small intestinal transit and fecal output in dystrophic (mdx) mice. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:75-9. [PMID: 19784719 PMCID: PMC10717827 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which results from deficiency in dystrophin, a sarcolemma protein of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, is characterized by progressive striated muscle degeneration, but various gastrointestinal clinical manifestations have been observed. The aim was to evaluate the possible impact of the dystrophin loss on the gastrointestinal propulsion in mdx mice (animal model for DMD). The gastric emptying of a carboxymethyl cellulose/phenol red dye non-nutrient meal was not significantly different at 20 min from gavaging between wild-type and mdx mice. The intestinal transit and the fecal output were significantly decreased in mdx versus normal animals, although the length of the intestine was similar in both animals. The present results provide evidence for motor intestinal alterations in mdx mice in in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mulè
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia generale, Dipartimento di Biologia cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Wehling-Henricks M, Oltmann M, Rinaldi C, Myung KH, Tidball JG. Loss of positive allosteric interactions between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphofructokinase contributes to defects in glycolysis and increased fatigability in muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:3439-51. [PMID: 19542095 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) involves a complex pathophysiology that is not easily explained by the loss of the protein dystrophin, the primary defect in DMD. Instead, many features of the pathology are attributable to the secondary loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) from dystrophin-deficient muscle. In this investigation, we tested whether the loss of nNOS contributes to the increased fatigability of mdx mice, a model of DMD. Our findings show that the expression of a muscle-specific, nNOS transgene increases the endurance of mdx mice and enhances glycogen metabolism during treadmill-running, but did not affect vascular perfusion of muscles. We also find that the specific activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK; the rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis) is positively affected by nNOS in muscle; PFK-specific activity is significantly reduced in mdx muscles and the muscles of nNOS null mutants, but significantly increased in nNOS transgenic muscles and muscles from mdx mice that express the nNOS transgene. PFK activity measured under allosteric conditions was significantly increased by nNOS, but unaffected by endothelial NOS or inducible NOS. The specific domain of nNOS that positively regulates PFK activity was assayed by cloning and expressing different domains of nNOS and assaying their effects on PFK activity. This approach yielded a polypeptide that included the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding domain of nNOS as the region of the molecule that promotes PFK activity. Smaller peptides in this domain were then synthesized and used in activity assays that showed a 36-amino acid peptide in the FAD-binding domain in which most of the positive allosteric activity of nNOS for PFK resides. Mapping this peptide onto the structure of nNOS shows that the peptide is exposed on the surface, readily available for binding. Collectively, these findings indicate that defects in glycolytic metabolism and increased fatigability in dystrophic muscle may be caused in part by the loss of positive allosteric interactions between nNOS and PFK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Physiological Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Dorchies OM, Wagner S, Buetler TM, Ruegg UT. Protection of dystrophic muscle cells with polyphenols from green tea correlates with improved glutathione balance and increased expression of 67LR, a receptor for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Biofactors 2009; 35:279-94. [PMID: 19322813 DOI: 10.1002/biof.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin. Because oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of DMD, we investigated if a green tea polyphenol blend (GTP) and its major polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), could protect muscle cell primary cultures from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the widely used mdx mouse model. On-line fluorimetric measurements using an H(2)O(2)-sensitive probe indicated that GTP and EGCg scavenged peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner. A 48 h exposure to EGCg increased glutathione content but did not alter the expression of proteins involved in membrane stabilization and repair. Pretreatment of dystrophic cultures with GTP or EGCg 48 h before exposure to H(2)O(2) improved cell survival. Normal cultures were protected by GTP but not by EGCg. 67LR, a receptor for EGCg, was seven times more abundant in dystrophic compared with normal cultures. Altogether our results demonstrate that GTP and EGCg protect muscle cells by scavenging H(2)O(2) and by improving the glutathione balance. In addition, the higher levels of 67LR in dystrophic muscle cells compared with normal ones likely contribute to EGCg-mediated survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier M Dorchies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Hirn C, Shapovalov G, Petermann O, Roulet E, Ruegg UT. Nav1.4 deregulation in dystrophic skeletal muscle leads to Na+ overload and enhanced cell death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 132:199-208. [PMID: 18625851 PMCID: PMC2483333 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200810024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary degenerative disease manifested by the absence of dystrophin, a structural, cytoskeletal protein, leading to muscle degeneration and early death through respiratory and cardiac muscle failure. Whereas the rise of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in muscles of mdx mouse, an animal model of DMD, has been extensively documented, little is known about the mechanisms causing alterations in Na+ concentrations. Here we show that the skeletal muscle isoform of the voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.4, which represents over 90% of voltage-gated sodium channels in muscle, plays an important role in development of abnormally high Na+ concentrations found in muscle from mdx mice. The absence of dystrophin modifies the expression level and gating properties of Nav1.4, leading to an increased Na+ concentration under the sarcolemma. Moreover, the distribution of Nav1.4 is altered in mdx muscle while maintaining the colocalization with one of the dystrophin-associated proteins, syntrophin α-1, thus suggesting that syntrophin is an important linker between dystrophin and Nav1.4. Additionally, we show that these modifications of Nav1.4 gating properties and increased Na+ concentrations are strongly correlated with increased cell death in mdx fibers and that both cell death and Na+ overload can be reversed by 3 nM tetrodotoxin, a specific Nav1.4 blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Hirn
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CH 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Bauer R, Macgowan GA, Blain A, Bushby K, Straub V. Steroid treatment causes deterioration of myocardial function in the {delta}-sarcoglycan-deficient mouse model for dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 79:652-61. [PMID: 18495669 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS As oral corticosteroids have a beneficial effect on muscle strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, it has been suggested that they may also be a useful treatment in the pathologically related sarcoglycanopathies. The delta-sarcoglycan-deficient mouse (Sgcd-null) is a model for both limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F (LGMD2F) and dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS To study the effect of oral corticosteroids on cardiac function, we treated 8-week-old Sgcd-null mice with prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for 8 weeks. In vivo cardiac function was assessed by pressure-volume loops using a conductance catheter. We found a well-compensated cardiomyopathy at baseline in Sgcd-null mice with decreased myocardial contractility, increased preload, and decreased afterload, maintaining a high cardiac output. Cardiac haemodynamics, surprisingly, did not improve in prednisolone-treated mice, but instead deteriorated with evidence of ventricular stiffening. On histology, after steroid treatment there was increased myocardial cell damage and increased myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSION Prednisolone led to a decompensation of cardiac haemodynamics in Sgcd-null mice and induced additional cardiac damage. On the basis of these findings, although mouse models may not completely replicate the human situation for LGMD2F, we conclude that careful cardiac monitoring is clearly indicated in patients on long-term corticosteroids.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dobutamine/administration & dosage
- Fibrosis
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Prednisolone/adverse effects
- Prednisolone/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sarcoglycans/deficiency
- Sarcoglycans/genetics
- Stroke Volume/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Pressure/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bauer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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29
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Kaplan JC. [In mito veritas?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:470-2. [PMID: 18466722 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2008245470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Jung C, Martins AS, Niggli E, Shirokova N. Dystrophic cardiomyopathy: amplification of cellular damage by Ca2+ signalling and reactive oxygen species-generating pathways. Cardiovasc Res 2007; 77:766-73. [PMID: 18056762 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac myopathies are the second leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, the two most common and severe forms of a disabling striated muscle disease. Although the genetic defect has been identified as mutations of the dystrophin gene, very little is known about the molecular and cellular events leading to progressive cardiac muscle damage. Dystrophin is a protein linking the cytoskeleton to a complex of transmembrane proteins that interact with the extracellular matrix. The fragility of the cell membrane resulting from the lack of dystrophin is thought to cause an excessive susceptibility to mechanical stress. Here, we examined cellular mechanisms linking the initial membrane damage to the dysfunction of dystrophic heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated from 5- to 9-month-old dystrophic mdx and wild-type (WT) mice. Cells were exposed to mechanical stress, applied as osmotic shock. Stress-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were monitored with confocal microscopy and fluorescent indicators. Pharmacological tools were used to scavenge ROS and to identify their possible sources. Osmotic shock triggered excessive cytosolic Ca(2+) signals, often lasting for several minutes, in 82% of mdx cells. In contrast, only 47% of the WT cardiomyocytes responded with transient and moderate intracellular Ca(2+) signals. On average, the reaction was 6-fold larger in mdx cells. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) abolished these responses, implicating Ca(2+) influx as a trigger for abnormal Ca(2+) signalling. Our further experiments revealed that osmotic stress in mdx cells produced an increase in ROS production and mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload. The latter was followed by collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an early sign of cell death. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings reveal that excessive intracellular Ca(2+) signals and ROS generation link the initial sarcolemmal injury to mitochondrial dysfunctions. The latter possibly contribute to the loss of functional cardiac myocytes and heart failure in dystrophy. Understanding the sequence of events of dystrophic cell damage and the deleterious amplification systems involved, including several positive feed-back loops, may allow for a rational development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Jung
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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31
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Kaczor JJ, Hall JE, Payne E, Tarnopolsky MA. Low intensity training decreases markers of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:145-54. [PMID: 17561103 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species may contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy. High intensity exercise clearly induces muscle damage in mdx mice; however, the effects of low intensity exercise training (LIT) on mdx muscle are less clear. We examined the effect of LIT on markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and mitochondrial (2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase) enzymes in skeletal muscle of mdx and wild-type mice. Mdx and wild-type mice were allocated to LIT and sedentary groups. Malondialdehyde levels were higher in white muscle from sedentary mdx as compared to both sedentary and LIT wild-type mice (P<0.001). Protein carbonyl content was higher in white and red muscle of mdx versus wild-type mice (P<0.05). LIT was associated with lower levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in white muscle of mdx mice (decreased 38 and 44%, P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Antioxidant and mitochondrial enzyme activities were higher in white muscle of mdx than in wild-type mice (P<0.05). LIT in mdx mice induced physiological adaptation resulting in lower levels of markers of oxidative stress that were not different than those from wild type. These results are of relevance for therapeutic exercise in patients with dystrophinopathy where exercise prescription remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Kaczor
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.
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32
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Gottlieb PA, Suchyna TM, Sachs F. Properties and Mechanism of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Inhibitor GsMTx4, a Therapeutic Peptide Derived from Tarantula Venom. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2007; 59:81-109. [PMID: 25168134 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(06)59004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) are found in all types of cells ranging from Escherichia coli to morning glories to humans. They seem to fall into two families: those in specialized receptors, such as the hair cells of the cochlea, and those in cells not clearly differentiated for sensory duty. The physiological function of the channels in nonspecialized cells has not been demonstrated, although their activity has been demonstrated innumerable times in vitro. The only specific reagent to block MSCs isGsMTx4, a 4-kDa peptide isolated from tarantula venom. Despite being isolated from venom, it is nontoxic to mice. GsMTx4 is specific for an MSC subtype, the nonselective cation channels that may be members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. GsMTx4 acts as a gating modifier, increasing the energy of the open state relative to the closed state. The mirror image D enantiomer of GsMTx4 is equally active, so mode of action is not via the traditional lock and key model. GsMTx4 probably acts in the boundary lipid of the channel by changing local curvature and mechanically stressing the channel toward the closed state. Despite the lack of definitive physiological data on the function of the cationic MSCs, GsMTx4 may prove useful as a drug or lead compound that can affect physiological processes. These processes would be those driven by mechanical stress, such as blood vessel autoregulation, stress-induced contraction of smooth muscle, and Ca(2+) loading in muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Gottlieb
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Thomas M Suchyna
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Frederick Sachs
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
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33
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Bowman CL, Gottlieb PA, Suchyna TM, Murphy YK, Sachs F. Mechanosensitive ion channels and the peptide inhibitor GsMTx-4: history, properties, mechanisms and pharmacology. Toxicon 2007; 49:249-70. [PMID: 17157345 PMCID: PMC1852511 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensing the energy from mechanical inputs is ubiquitous--and perhaps the oldest form of biological energy transduction. However, the tools available to probe the mechanisms of transduction are far fewer than for the chemical and electric field sensitive transducers. The one pharmacological tool available for mechansensitive ion channels (MSCs) is a peptide (GsMTx-4) isolated from venom of the tarantula, Grammostola spatulata, that blocks cationic MSCs found in non-specialized eukaryotic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of GsMTx-4, and discuss the inevitable crosstalk between the MSC behavior and the mechanical properties of the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Bowman
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics and The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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34
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Durham WJ, Arbogast S, Gerken E, Li YP, Reid MB. Progressive nuclear factor-kappaB activation resistant to inhibition by contraction and curcumin in mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34:298-303. [PMID: 16718687 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle of patients with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy and mdx mice exhibits elevated activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB), which may play a role in muscle catabolism. We measured skeletal muscle NF-kappaB activity in mdx mice at three ages (10 days, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks) to test the hypothesis that NF-kappaB activity is elevated in an age-dependent manner in these mice. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that NF-kappaB activity could be reduced in mdx skeletal muscle by dietary supplementation with curcumin (1% w/v) or by fatiguing muscle contractions. We found that NF-kappaB activity was elevated at 4 and 8 weeks of age but not at 10 days, and was resistant to inhibition by either fatiguing contractions or dietary curcumin. We conclude that NF-kappaB activity is elevated in dystrophic skeletal muscle in an age-related manner and is resistant to inhibition by physiological and pharmacological means. These findings are consistent with a role for NF-kappaB activation in dystrophic muscle wasting but suggest that predicted interventions such as exercise or inhibitors of the early steps in the NF-kappa activation pathway may not be effective and that targeted research is needed to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Durham
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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35
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Boittin FX, Petermann O, Hirn C, Mittaud P, Dorchies OM, Roulet E, Ruegg UT. Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 enhances store-operated Ca2+ entry in dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:3733-42. [PMID: 16926189 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by deficiency of dystrophin and leads to progressive weakness. It has been proposed that the muscle degeneration occurring in this disease is caused by increased Ca2+ influx due to enhanced activity of cationic channels that are activated either by stretch of the plasma membrane (stretch-activated channels) or by Ca2+-store depletion (store-operated channels). Using both cytosolic Ca2+ measurements with Fura-2 and the manganese quench method, we show here that store-operated Ca2+ entry is greatly enhanced in dystrophic skeletal flexor digitorum brevis fibers isolated from mdx5cv mice, a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Moreover, we show for the first time that store-operated Ca2+ entry in these fibers is under the control of the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 and that the exaggerated Ca2+ influx can be completely attenuated by inhibitors of this enzyme. Enhanced store-operated Ca2+ entry in dystrophic fibers is likely to be due to a near twofold overexpression of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2. The Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 pathway therefore appears as an attractive target to reduce excessive Ca2+ influx and subsequent degeneration occurring in dystrophic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Boittin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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36
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Allard B. Sarcolemmal ion channels in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle fibres. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2006; 27:367-73. [PMID: 16874448 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-006-9083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration. A current hypothesis suggests that degeneration of dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle results from a chronic intracellular Ca2+ overload. Ca2+ handling in skeletal muscle is tightly controlled by the membrane potential which is set by sarcolemmal ion channels activity. Also, with regard to the subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, it is reasonable to enquire if the distribution and function of ion channels might be affected by the absence of dystrophin. This paper briefly summarizes the current knowledge of the properties of sarcolemmal ion channels in fully differentiated dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Allard
- Physiologie Intégrative, Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5123, Université C. Bernard Lyon 1, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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37
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Abstract
Calpains are Ca2+ -dependent cytosolic cysteine proteases that participate in the pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Utrophin is a functional homolog of dystrophin that partially compensates for dystrophin deficiency in myofibers of mdx mice. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of utrophin to cleavage by calpain in vitro and in muscle cells. We found that utrophin is a direct in vitro substrate of purified calpain I and II. Cleavage of utrophin by calpain I or II generates specific degradation products that are also found in cultured control and DMD myotubes under conditions with elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, we showed that activation of cellular calpains by Ca2+ ionophore treatment reduces utrophin protein levels in muscle cells and that calpain inhibition prevents this Ca2+ -induced reduction in utrophin levels. These observations suggest that, beside its known effect on general muscle protein degradation, calpain contributes to DMD pathology by specifically degrading the compensatory protein utrophin.
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38
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Lafoux A, Divet A, Gervier P, Huchet-Cadiou C. Greater susceptibility of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to H2O2 injuries in diaphragm muscle from mdx mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:1359-67. [PMID: 16801456 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of a reactive oxygen species, H(2)O(2), on the contractile function and sarcoplasmic reticulum properties of dystrophin-deficient diaphragm using chemically skinned fibers and sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle preparations. The results obtained using Triton X-100-skinned fibers demonstrate that exposure to 1 mM H(2)O(2) had similar effects on the maximal Ca(2+)-activated tension and on the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile apparatus of diaphragm fibers in Bl10 and mdx mice. The effects of H(2)O(2) were also assessed on sarcoplasmic reticulum function using saponin-skinned fibers and sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle preparations. We found that H(2)O(2) induced changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum properties, particularly in the Ca(2+) pump function. The most important finding was that diaphragm muscle from mdx mice displayed increased sensitivity to the oxidant. Furthermore, in isolated superfused diaphragm muscle from mdx mice, the data demonstrate that the amount of superoxide anion produced under fatiguing conditions was increased. Our study shows that the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the Ca(2+) pump in particular, in dystrophin-deficient muscles display increased susceptibility to H(2)O(2) injuries. This suggests that free radicals might, therefore, be involved in the pathophysiological pathway and dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis of muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Lafoux
- Université de Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 6204, Biotechnologie, Biocatalyse et Biorégulation, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, F-44322 Nantes, Cedex 03, France
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39
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Rooney JE, Welser JV, Dechert MA, Flintoff-Dye NL, Kaufman SJ, Burkin DJ. Severe muscular dystrophy in mice that lack dystrophin and alpha7 integrin. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:2185-95. [PMID: 16684813 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin glycoprotein complex links laminin in the extracellular matrix to the cell cytoskeleton. Loss of dystrophin causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the most common human X-chromosome-linked genetic disease. The alpha7beta1 integrin is a second transmembrane laminin receptor expressed in skeletal muscle. Mutations in the alpha7 integrin gene cause congenital myopathy in humans and mice. The alpha7beta1 integrin is increased in the skeletal muscle of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and mdx mice. This observation has led to the suggestion that dystrophin and alpha7beta1 integrin have complementary functional and structural roles. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice lacking both dystrophin and alpha7 integrin (mdx/alpha7(-/-)). The mdx/alpha7(-/-) mice developed early-onset muscular dystrophy and died at 2-4 weeks of age. Muscle fibers from mdx/alpha7(-/-) mice exhibited extensive loss of membrane integrity, increased centrally located nuclei and inflammatory cell infiltrate, greater necrosis and increased muscle degeneration compared to mdx or alpha7-integrin null animals. In addition, loss of dystrophin and/or alpha7 integrin resulted in altered expression of laminin-alpha2 chain. These results point to complementary roles for dystrophin and alpha7beta1 integrin in maintaining the functional integrity of skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Integrin alpha Chains/deficiency
- Integrin alpha Chains/genetics
- Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism
- Laminin/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Regeneration
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Rate
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40
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Dorchies OM, Wagner S, Vuadens O, Waldhauser K, Buetler TM, Kucera P, Ruegg UT. Green tea extract and its major polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate improve muscle function in a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C616-25. [PMID: 16403950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a frequent muscular disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein that contributes to the stabilization of muscle fiber membrane during muscle activity. Affected individuals show progressive muscle wasting that generally causes death by age 30. In this study, the dystrophic mdx(5Cv) mouse model was used to investigate the effects of green tea extract, its major component (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and pentoxifylline on dystrophic muscle quality and function. Three-week-old mdx(5Cv) mice were fed for either 1 or 5 wk a control chow or a chow containing the test substances. Histological examination showed a delay in necrosis of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in treated mice. Mechanical properties of triceps surae muscles were recorded while the mice were under deep anesthesia. Phasic and tetanic tensions of treated mice were increased, reaching values close to those of normal mice. The phasic-to-tetanic tension ratio was corrected. Finally, muscles from treated mice exhibited 30-50% more residual force in a fatigue assay. These results demonstrate that diet supplementation of dystrophic mdx(5Cv) mice with green tea extract or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate protected muscle against the first massive wave of necrosis and stimulated muscle adaptation toward a stronger and more resistant phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Camellia sinensis/chemistry
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Catechin/therapeutic use
- Diet
- Disease Models, Animal
- Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Pentoxifylline/pharmacology
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Preparations/pharmacology
- Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier M Dorchies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Geneva, Switzerland
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41
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Barton ER, Morris L, Kawana M, Bish LT, Toursel T. Systemic administration of L-arginine benefits mdx skeletal muscle function. Muscle Nerve 2006; 32:751-60. [PMID: 16116642 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major consequence of muscular dystrophy is that increased membrane fragility leads to high calcium influx and results in muscle degeneration and myonecrosis. Prior reports have demonstrated that increased nitric oxide production via L-arginine treatment of normal and mdx mice resulted in increased expression of utrophin and increased activation of muscle satellite cells, which could ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. We delivered L-arginine to normal and mdx mice, and examined muscles for any functional changes associated with its administration. Treated mdx muscles were less susceptible to contraction-induced damage and exhibited a rightward shift of the force-frequency relationship. Immunoblotting revealed increases in utrophin and gamma-sarcoglycan in the treated muscles. There was also a decrease in Evans blue dye uptake, indicating a reduction in myonecrosis. However, there was no decrease in serum creatine kinase or the proportion of central nuclei, nor any improvement in specific force. Together, these results show that L-arginine treatment can be beneficial to mdx muscle function, perhaps through a combination of enhanced calcium handling and increased utrophin, thereby decreasing muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, 441 Levy Building, 240 South 40th Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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42
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Waheed I, Gilbert R, Nalbantoglu J, Guibinga GH, Petrof BJ, Karpati G. Factors Associated with Induced Chronic Inflammation in mdx Skeletal Muscle Cause Posttranslational Stabilization and Augmentation of Extrasynaptic Sarcolemmal Utrophin. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:489-501. [PMID: 15871680 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in tibialis anterior muscles of mdx mice was produced by a single injection of a recombinant adenovirus vector (AV) expressing an immunogenic beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). In regions of intense beta-gal staining, mononuclear infiltrates abounded, and muscle fibers showed strong extrasynaptic utrophin immunostaining, restoration of dystrophin-associated protein complex, and a marked reduction of the prevalence of centronucleation. Immunoblot analysis confirmed an increase of endogenous utrophin without an increase of the mRNA of the major muscle isoform utrA. Significantly better maximal tetanic force values were demonstrated in the inflammatory versus control mdx muscles. The resistance to lengthening contraction- induced damage was also significantly increased in the former. In muscles of mice lacking TNF-alpha gene, AV vector did not induce inflammation and extrajunctional utrophin increase did not occur. In the inflammatory mdx muscles, proteolytic activity of calcium-activated calpain was reduced, and in mdx myotubes in vitro, incubation with NO donors also reduced calpain-mediated utrophin proteolysis. Since utrophin was shown to be a natural substrate of calpain and known inhibitors of calpain in cultured mdx myotubes increased utrophin levels, the above results were consistent with the following conclusions: (1) extrasynaptic utrophin increase is mainly responsible for the antidystrophic effect; (2) extrasynaptic utrophin increase is a result of posttranscriptional mechanism(s) related to proinflammatory factors; and (3) reduction of endogenous muscle calpain activity by inflammatory cytokines has an important role in the stabilization and increase of the extrasynaptic utrophin.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chronic Disease
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myositis/etiology
- Myositis/metabolism
- Myositis/pathology
- Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Sarcolemma/metabolism
- Synapses/metabolism
- Utrophin/drug effects
- Utrophin/genetics
- Utrophin/metabolism
- beta-Galactosidase/adverse effects
- beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Waheed
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2B4
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43
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Abstract
Muscle-fiber loss is a characteristic of many progressive neuromuscular disorders. Over the past decade, identification of a growing number of apoptosis-associated factors and events in pathological skeletal muscle provided increasing evidence that apoptotic cell-death mechanisms account significantly for muscle-fiber atrophy and loss in a wide spectrum of neuromuscular disorders. It became obvious that there is not one specific pathway for muscle fibers to undergo apoptotic degradation. In contrast, certain neuromuscular diseases seem to involve characteristic expression patterns of apoptosis-related factors and pathways. Furthermore, there are some characteristics of muscle-fiber apoptosis that rely on the muscle fiber itself as an extremely specified cell type. Multinucleated muscle fibers with successive muscle-fiber segments controlled by individual nuclei display some specifics different from apoptosis of mononucleated cells. This review focuses on the expression patterns of apoptosis-associated factors in different primary and secondary neuromuscular disorders and gives a synopsis of current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Tews
- Edinger-Institute, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Deutschordenstrasse 46, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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44
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Voisin V, de la Porte S. Therapeutic Strategies for Duchenne and Becker Dystrophies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2004; 240:1-30. [PMID: 15548414 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(04)40001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe X-linked genetic disease affecting one in 3500 boys, is the most common myopathy in children. DMD is due to a lack of dystrophin, a submembrane protein of the cytoskeleton, which leads to the progressive degeneration of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue. A milder form of the disease, Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), is characterized by the presence of a semifunctional truncated dystrophin, or reduced levels of full-length dystrophin. DMD is the focus of three different supportive or therapeutic approaches: gene therapy, cell therapy, and drug therapy. Here we consider these approaches in terms of three potential goals: improvement of dystrophic phenotype, expression of dystrophin, and overexpression of utrophin. Utrophin exhibits 80% homology with dystrophin and is able to perform similar functions. Pharmacological strategies designed to overexpress utrophin appear promising and may circumvent many obstacles to gene and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Voisin
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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