1
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Iyengar SN, Robinson JP. Spectral analysis and sorting of microbial organisms using a spectral sorter. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 186:189-212. [PMID: 38705599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This chapter discusses the problems related to the application of conventional flow cytometers to microbiology. To address some of those limitations, the concept of spectral flow cytometry is introduced and the advantages over conventional flow cytometry for bacterial sorting are presented. We demonstrate by using ThermoFisher's Bigfoot spectral sorter where the spectral signatures of different stains for staining bacteria are demonstrated with an example of performing unmixing on spectral datasets. In addition to the Bigfoot's spectral analysis, the special biosafety features of this instrument are discussed. Utilizing these biosafety features, the sorting and patterning at the single cell level is optimized using non-pathogenic bacteria. Finally, the chapter is concluded by presenting a novel, label free, non-destructive, and rapid phenotypic method called Elastic Light Scattering (ELS) technology for identification of the patterned bacterial cells based on their unique colony scatter patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Narayana Iyengar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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2
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Mishra KK, Dhamu VN, Poudyal DC, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. PathoSense: a rapid electroanalytical device platform for screening Salmonella in water samples. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:146. [PMID: 38372811 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella contamination is a major global health challenge, causing significant foodborne illness. However, current detection methods face limitations in sensitivity and time, which mostly rely on the culture-based detection techniques. Hence, there is an immediate and critical need to enhance early detection, reduce the incidence and impact of Salmonella contamination resulting in outbreaks. In this work, we demonstrate a portable non-faradaic, electrochemical sensing platform capable of detecting Salmonella in potable water with an assay turnaround time of ~ 9 min. We evaluated the effectiveness of this sensing platform by studying two sensor configurations: one utilizing pure gold (Au) and the other incorporating a semiconductor namely a zinc oxide thin film coated on the surface of the gold (Au/ZnO). The inclusion of zinc oxide was intended to enhance the sensing capabilities of the system. Through comprehensive experimentation and analysis, the LoD (limit of detection) values for the Au sensor and Au/ZnO sensor were 0.9 and 0.6 CFU/mL, respectively. In addition to sensitivity, we examined the sensing platform's precision and reproducibility. Both the Au sensor and Au/ZnO sensor exhibited remarkable consistency, with inter-study percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) and intra-study %CV consistently below 10%. The proposed sensing platform exhibits high sensitivity in detecting low concentrations of Salmonella in potable water. Its successful development demonstrates its potential as a rapid and on-site detection tool, offering portability and ease of use. This research opens new avenues for electrochemical-based sensors in food safety and public health, mitigating Salmonella outbreaks and improving water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Kumar Mishra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | - Durgasha C Poudyal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- EnLiSense LLC, 1813 Audubon Pondway, Allen, TX, 75013, USA.
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3
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Wang B, Wang H, Lu X, Zheng X, Yang Z. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens: Current Perspective and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:2795. [PMID: 37509887 PMCID: PMC10379338 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens cause many diseases and significantly impact human health and the economy. Foodborne pathogens mainly include Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, which are present in agricultural products, dairy products, animal-derived foods and the environment. Various pathogens in many different types of food and water can cause potentially life-threatening diseases and develop resistance to various types of antibiotics. The harm of foodborne pathogens is increasing, necessitating effective and efficient methods for early monitoring and detection. Traditional methods, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and culture plate, are time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive and cannot satisfy the demands of rapid food testing. Therefore, new fast detection methods are urgently needed. Electrochemical biosensors provide consumer-friendly methods to quickly detect foodborne pathogens in food and the environment and achieve extensive accuracy and reproducible results. In this paper, by focusing on various mechanisms of electrochemical transducers, we present a comprehensive overview of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, the review introduces the hazards of foodborne pathogens, risk analysis methods and measures of control. Finally, the review also emphasizes the recent research progress and solutions regarding the use of electrochemical biosensors to detect foodborne pathogens in food and the environment, evaluates limitations and challenges experienced during the development of biosensors to detect foodborne pathogens and discusses future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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4
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Lopes-Luz L, Silva-Filho E, Mendonça M, Moreira ÂN, Venceslau A, de Sousa DR, Sánchez TG, de Moura RS, Conceição FR, Kipnis A, Stefani MMDA, Bührer-Sékula S. Combined antibodies against internalins A and B proteins have potential application in immunoassay for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:123-131. [PMID: 36618043 PMCID: PMC9813296 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterium that causes listeriosis upon the ingestion of contaminated food. Traditional methods to detect L. monocytogenes require pre-enrichment broths to increase its concentration. To improve the screening of contaminated food and prevent listeriosis outbreaks, rapid, specific and sensitive assays are needed to detect L. monocytogenes. This study developed a prototype lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) employing antibodies against L. monocytogenes Internalin A (InlA) and Internalin B (InlB) proteins, that are involved in non-phagocytic cell invasion. The following antibodies were used to capture L. monocytogenes antigenic targets: mouse anti-Internalin A monoclonal antibody (MAb-2D12) conjugated to colloidal gold nanoparticles and a mouse anti-Internalin B polyclonal antibody. This test was able to detect pure L. monocytogenes from culture with a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 5.9 × 103 to 1.5 × 104 CFU/mL. In milk artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes, the LOD was 1 × 105 CFU/mL. This prototype test discriminated L. monocytogenes from other bacterial species (Listeria innocua, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus). Results indicate that this LFIA developed using antibodies against L. monocytogenes InlA and InlB proteins is a sensitive and specific tool that can be potentially useful to rapidly detect L. monocytogenes in contaminated food. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05597-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
| | - Ernandes Silva-Filho
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Universidade Federal Do Agreste Pernambuco, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270 Brasil
| | - Ângela Nunes Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-610 Brasil
| | - Andressa Venceslau
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
| | - Dienny Rodrigues de Sousa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
| | - Tatiana Galvez Sánchez
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
| | | | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-610 Brasil
| | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
| | | | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brasil
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5
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Dester E, Alocilja E. Current Methods for Extraction and Concentration of Foodborne Bacteria with Glycan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:112. [PMID: 35200372 PMCID: PMC8869689 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate food pathogen detection is an essential step to preventing foodborne illnesses. Before detection, removal of bacteria from the food matrix and concentration to detectable levels are often essential steps. Although many reviews discuss rapid concentration methods for foodborne pathogens, the use of glycan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is often omitted. This review seeks to analyze the potential of this technique as a rapid and cost-effective solution for concentration of bacteria directly from foods. The primary focus is the mechanism of glycan-coated MNP binding, as well as its current applications in concentration of foodborne pathogens. First, a background on the synthesis, properties, and applications of MNPs is provided. Second, synthesis of glycan-coated particles and their theorized mechanism for bacterial adhesion is described. Existing research into extraction of bacteria directly from food matrices is also analyzed. Finally, glycan-coated MNPs are compared to the magnetic separation technique of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) in terms of cost, time, and other factors. At its current state, glycan-coated MNPs require more research to fully identify the mechanism, potential for optimization, and extraction capabilities directly in food matrices. However, current research indicates glycan-coated MNPs are an incredibly cost-effective method for rapid food pathogen extraction and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dester
- Nano-Biosensors Lab, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Evangelyn Alocilja
- Nano-Biosensors Lab, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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6
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Bhatt A, Fatima Z, Ruwali M, Hameed S. An inventory of diagnostic tools for detection of COVID-19. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:608-620. [PMID: 34515000 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210910113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 has afflicted millions of lives globally and disrupted almost all the activities of mankind. Under such pressing circumstances when there are no effective therapeutics available, fast and accurate diagnosis of the corona virus is the only way out to limit the transmission. Since the inception of COVID-19, the demand of diagnostic tests has increased day by day and RT-PCR is the commonly used screening test which is not only time consuming but requires sophisticated resources. To address the increasing rate of spread of COVID-19, there is an urgent need of more diagnostic tools as the researches on vaccines is still at rudimentary level. This review summarizes an inventory on the diverse and currently available diagnostic methods based on nucleic acid and serology along with some of those working on novel principles viz. CRISPR, biosensors and NGS. Additionally, a gist of accessible diagnostic kits that are already approved by US & European authorities for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are also suggested that will help in selecting most effective tests under the given scenario. Taken together, this review will pave way for further strengthening the researches in the rapid and safer diagnostics of SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Bhatt
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413. India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413. India
| | - Munindra Ruwali
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413. India
| | - Saif Hameed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122413. India
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7
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Xu L, Bai X, Bhunia AK. Current State of Development of Biosensors and Their Application in Foodborne Pathogen Detection. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1213-1227. [PMID: 33710346 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Foodborne disease outbreaks continue to be a major public health and food safety concern. Testing products promptly can protect consumers from foodborne diseases by ensuring the safety of food before retail distribution. Fast, sensitive, and accurate detection tools are in great demand. Therefore, various approaches have been explored recently to find a more effective way to incorporate antibodies, oligonucleotides, phages, and mammalian cells as signal transducers and analyte recognition probes on biosensor platforms. The ultimate goal is to achieve high specificity and low detection limits (1 to 100 bacterial cells or piconanogram concentrations of toxins). Advancements in mammalian cell-based and bacteriophage-based sensors have produced sensors that detect low levels of pathogens and differentiate live from dead cells. Combinations of biotechnology platforms have increased the practical utility and application of biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens. However, further rigorous testing of biosensors with complex food matrices is needed to ensure the utility of these sensors for point-of-care needs and outbreak investigations. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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8
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Antibody- and nucleic acid-based lateral flow immunoassay for Listeria monocytogenes detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4161-4180. [PMID: 34041576 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an invasive opportunistic foodborne pathogen and its routine surveillance is critical for protecting the food supply and public health. The traditional detection methods are time-consuming and require trained personnel. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), on the other hand, is an easy-to-perform, rapid point-of-care test and has been widely used as an inexpensive surveillance tool. In recent times, nucleic acid-based lateral flow immunoassays (NALFIA) are also developed to improve sensitivity and specificity. A significant improvement in lateral flow-based assays has been reported in recent years, especially the ligands (antibodies, nucleic acids, aptamers, bacteriophage), labeling molecules, and overall assay configurations to improve detection sensitivity, specificity, and automated interpretation of results. In most commercial applications, LFIA has been used with enriched food/environmental samples to ensure detection of live cells thus prolonging the assay time to 24-48 h; however, with the recent improvement in LFIA sensitivity, results can be obtained in less than 8 h with shortened and improved enrichment practices. Incorporation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or immunomagnetic separation could significantly improve LFIA sensitivity for near-real-time point-of-care detection of L. monocytogenes for food safety and public health applications.
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9
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Lopes-Luz L, Mendonça M, Bernardes Fogaça M, Kipnis A, Bhunia AK, Bührer-Sékula S. Listeria monocytogenes: review of pathogenesis and virulence determinants-targeted immunological assays. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:647-666. [PMID: 33896354 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1911930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require selective enrichment using traditional bacterial culture techniques that can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, molecular methods are expensive and need specific technical knowledge. In contrast, immunological approaches are faster, simpler, and user-friendly alternatives and have been developed for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food, environmental, and clinical samples. These techniques are dependent on the constitutive expression of L. monocytogenes antigens and the specificity of the antibodies used. Here, updated knowledge on pathogenesis and the key immunogenic virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes that are used for the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the serological assay development are summarised. In addition, immunological approaches based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and immunosensors with relevant improvements are highlighted. Though the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were improved significantly, methods still face many challenges that require further validation before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brasil
| | | | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
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10
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Angelopoulou M, Tzialla K, Voulgari A, Dikeoulia M, Raptis I, Kakabakos SE, Petrou P. Rapid Detection of Salmonella typhimurium in Drinking Water by a White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy Immunosensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082683. [PMID: 33920297 PMCID: PMC8069642 DOI: 10.3390/s21082683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors represent an attractive approach for fast bacteria detection. Here, we present an optical biosensor for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Salmonella bacteria in drinking water, based on white light reflectance spectroscopy. The sensor chip consisted of a Si die with a thin SiO2 layer on top that was transformed into a biosensor through the immobilization of Salmonella LPS. The optical setup included a reflection probe with seven 200 μm fibers, a visible and near-infrared light source, and a spectrometer. The six fibers at the reflection probe circumference were coupled with the light source and illuminated the biosensor chip vertically, whereas the central fiber collected the reflected light and guided it to the spectrometer. A competitive immunoassay configuration was adopted for the analysis. Accordingly, a mixture of LPS or bacteria solution, pre-incubated for 15 min, with an anti-Salmonella LPS antibody was pumped over the chip followed by biotinylated secondary antibody and streptavidin for signal enhancement. The binding of the free anti-Salmonella antibody to chip-immobilized LPS led to a shift of the reflectance spectrum that was inversely related to the analyte concentration (LPS or bacteria) in the calibrators or samples. The total assay duration was 15 min, and the detection limits achieved were 4 ng/mL for LPS and 320 CFU/mL for bacteria. Taking into account the low detection limits, the short analysis time, and the small size of the chip and instrumentation employed, the proposed immunosensor could find wide application for bacteria detection in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.T.); (S.E.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (P.P.); Tel.: +30-2106503819 (M.A. & P.P.)
| | - Konstantina Tzialla
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.T.); (S.E.K.)
| | | | - Mary Dikeoulia
- Delta Foods S.A., 14565 Agios Stefanos, Greece; (A.V.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Sotirios Elias Kakabakos
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.T.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.T.); (S.E.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (P.P.); Tel.: +30-2106503819 (M.A. & P.P.)
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11
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Kim JH, Oh SW. Pretreatment methods for nucleic acid-based rapid detection of pathogens in food: A review. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Yao S, Zhao C, Shang M, Li J, Wang J. Enzyme-free and label-free detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on target-inhibited fluorescence signal recovery. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112071. [PMID: 33609594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a one-step fluorometric strategy based on nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) between carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for facile detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The fluorescence of CDs was quenched up to 63.5% by AuNPs due to nucleic acid hybridization in the presence of linker DNA, which contained the complementary sequences of S. aureus-specific aptamer, and the fluorescence signal was in the "off" state. Upon aptamer addition, the CDs was released from linker DNA through the strong competitiveness of aptamer, leading to the notable fluorescence recovered. Once S. aureus is introduced, aptamer preferentially bind to the bacterial surface and cannot hybridize with complementary sequences in the linker DNA, resulting in the fluorescence signal with "off" state. Based on these findings, the performance and reliability of the fluorescence-based assay were evaluated. Compared to direct hybridization of complementary DNA on the surface of CDs and AuNPs, our sensing strategy has enhanced detection limit (10 cfu⋅mL-1) and improved linear range (10 to 106 cfu⋅mL-1) for S. aureus. Therefore, our proposed enzyme-free and label-free strategy may become a promising method for ease of operation, sensitive and selective S. aureus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingyu Shang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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13
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Kartanas T, Levin A, Toprakcioglu Z, Scheidt T, Hakala TA, Charmet J, Knowles TPJ. Label-Free Protein Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography with Gravimetric Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2848-2853. [PMID: 33507064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of proteins in a label-free manner under native solution conditions is an increasingly important objective in analytical bioscience platform development. Common approaches to detect native proteins in solution often require specific labels to enhance sensitivity. Dry mass sensing approaches, by contrast, using mechanical resonators, can operate in a label-free manner and offer attractive sensitivity. However, such approaches typically suffer from a lack of analyte selectivity as the interface between standard protein separation techniques and micro-resonator platforms is often constrained by qualitative mechanical sensor performance in the liquid phase. Here, we describe a strategy that overcomes this limitation by coupling liquid chromatography with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) platform by using a microfluidic spray dryer. We explore a strategy which allows first to separate a protein mixture in a physiological buffer solution using size exclusion chromatography, permitting specific protein fractions to be selected, desalted, and subsequently spray-dried onto the QCM for absolute mass analysis. By establishing a continuous flow interface between the chromatography column and the spray device via a flow splitter, simultaneous protein mass detection and sample fractionation is achieved, with sensitivity down to a 100 μg/mL limit of detection. This approach for quantitative label-free protein mixture analysis offers the potential for detection of protein species under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Kartanas
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Aviad Levin
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tom Scheidt
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tuuli A Hakala
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jerome Charmet
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FE, U.K
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14
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Demeke Teklemariam A, Samaddar M, Alharbi MG, Al-Hindi RR, Bhunia AK. Biosensor and molecular-based methods for the detection of human coronaviruses: A review. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 54:101662. [PMID: 32911064 PMCID: PMC7477626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing crisis due to the global pandemic caused by a highly contagious coronavirus (Coronavirus disease - 2019; COVID-19) and the lack of either proven effective therapy or a vaccine has made diagnostic a valuable tool in disease tracking and prevention. The complex nature of this newly emerging virus calls for scientists' attention to find the most reliable, highly sensitive, and selective detection techniques for better control or spread of the disease. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serology-based tests are currently being used. However, the speed and accuracy of these tests may not meet the current demand; thus, alternative technology platforms are being developed. Nano biosensor technology platforms have been established as a promising diagnostic tool for rapid and accurate detection of viruses as well as other life-threatening diseases even in resource-limited settings. This review aims to provide a short overview of recent advancements in molecular and biosensor-based diagnosis of viruses, including the human coronaviruses, and highlight the challenges and future perspectives of these detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Demeke Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manalee Samaddar
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Smart packaging is an emerging technology that has a great potential in solving conventional food packaging problems and in meeting the evolving packaged vegetables market needs. The advantages of using such a system lies in extending the shelf life of products, ensuring the safety and the compliance of these packages while reducing the food waste; hence, lessening the negative environmental impacts. Many new concepts were developed to serve this purpose, especially in the meat and fish industry with less focus on fruits and vegetables. However, making use of these evolving technologies in packaging of vegetables will yield in many positive outcomes. In this review, we discuss the new technologies and approaches used, or have the potential to be used, in smart packaging of vegetables. We describe the technical aspects and the commercial applications of the techniques used to monitor the quality and the freshness of vegetables. Factors affecting the freshness and the spoilage of vegetables are summarized. Then, some of the technologies used in smart packaging such as sensors, indicators, and data carriers that are integrated with sensors, to monitor and provide a dynamic output about the quality and safety of the packaged produce are discussed. Comparison between various intelligent systems is provided followed by a brief review of active packaging systems. Finally, challenges, legal aspects, and limitations facing this smart packaging industry are discussed together with outlook and future improvements.
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16
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Setijadi CH, Felix JN, Ellis HC, Alumbro JSS, Bello G, Dumancas GG. Development of a Facile and Convenient Method for Sugar Determination in Low Moisture Confectioneries and Honeys Using Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1712605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Setijadi
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Louisiana State University - Alexandria, Alexandria, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Felix
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Louisiana State University - Alexandria, Alexandria, LA, USA
| | - Helena C. Ellis
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Louisiana State University - Alexandria, Alexandria, LA, USA
| | | | - Ghalib Bello
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Louisiana State University - Alexandria, Alexandria, LA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, Philippines
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17
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Applications of Nanotechnology in Sensor-Based Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071966. [PMID: 32244581 PMCID: PMC7181077 DOI: 10.3390/s20071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intake of microbial-contaminated food poses severe health issues due to the outbreaks of stern food-borne diseases. Therefore, there is a need for precise detection and identification of pathogenic microbes and toxins in food to prevent these concerns. Thus, understanding the concept of biosensing has enabled researchers to develop nanobiosensors with different nanomaterials and composites to improve the sensitivity as well as the specificity of pathogen detection. The application of nanomaterials has enabled researchers to use advanced technologies in biosensors for the transfer of signals to enhance their efficiency and sensitivity. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic and gold, dendrimers, graphene nanomaterials and quantum dots are predominantly used for developing biosensors with improved specificity and sensitivity of detection due to their exclusive chemical, magnetic, mechanical, optical and physical properties. All nanoparticles and new composites used in biosensors need to be classified and categorized for their enhanced performance, quick detection, and unobtrusive and effective use in foodborne analysis. Hence, this review intends to summarize the different sensing methods used in foodborne pathogen detection, their design, working principle and advances in sensing systems.
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18
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Abdelhaseib MU, Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Simultaneous detection of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in food using a light scattering sensor. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1496-1507. [PMID: 30761711 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the use of a light scattering sensor, BActerial Rapid Detection using Optical scattering Technology (BARDOT) coupled with a multipathogen selective medium, Salmonella, Escherichia and Listeria (SEL), for concurrent detection of the three major foodborne pathogens in a single assay. METHODS AND RESULTS BARDOT was used to detect and distinguish the three major pathogens, Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes from food based on colony scatter signature patterns on SEL agar (SELA). Multiple strains of three test pathogens were grown on SELA, and BARDOT was used to generate colony scatter image libraries for inclusive (SEL Library) and exclusive (non-SEL Library) bacterial group. These pathogens were further differentiated using the SEL scatter image library. Raw chicken and hotdog samples were artificially inoculated with pathogens (100 CFU per 25 g each), and enriched in SEL broth at 37°C for 18 h and colonies were grown on SELA for 11-22 h before screening with BARDOT. The BARDOT sensor successfully detected and differentiated Salmonella, STEC and Listeria on SELA with high classification accuracy 92-98%, 91-98% and 83-98% positive predictive values (PPV) respectively; whereas the nontarget strains showed only 0-13% PPV. BARDOT-identified colonies were further confirmed by multiplex PCR targeting inlB gene of L. monocytogenes, stx2 of STEC and sefA of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. CONCLUSIONS The results show that BARDOT coupled with SELA can efficiently screen for the presence of three major pathogens simultaneously in a test sample within 29-40 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This innovative SELA-BARDOT detection platform can reduce turnaround time and economic burden on food industries by offering a label-free, noninvasive on-plate multipathogen screening technology for reducing microbial food safety and public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Abdelhaseib
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Food Hygiene Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Clear Labs, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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19
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Chylewska A, Ogryzek M, Makowski M. Modern Approach to Medical Diagnostics - the Use of Separation Techniques in Microorganisms Detection. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:121-165. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171023164813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Analytical chemistry and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary fields of science have been developed during many years and are experiencing significant growth, to cover a wide range of microorganisms separation techniques and methods, utilized for medical therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Currently scientific reports contribute by introducing electrophoretical and immunological methods and formation of devices applied in food protection (avoiding epidemiological diseases) and healthcare (safety ensuring in hospitals).Methods:Electrophoretic as well as nucleic-acid-based or specific immunological methods have contributed tremendously to the advance of analyses in recent three decades, particularly in relation to bacteria, viruses and fungi identifications, especially in medical in vitro diagnostics, as well as in environmental or food protection.Results:The paper presents the pathogen detection competitiveness of these methods against conventional ones, which are still too time consuming and also labor intensive. The review is presented in several parts following the current trends in improved pathogens separation and detection methods and their subsequent use in medical diagnosis.Discussion:Part one, consists of elemental knowledge about microorganisms as an introduction to their characterization: descriptions of divisions, sizes, membranes (cells) components. Second section includes the development, new technological and practical solution descriptions used in electrophoretical procedures during microbes analyses, with special attention paid to bio-samples analyses like blood, urine, lymph or wastewater. Third part covers biomolecular areas that have created a basis needed to identify the progress, limitations and challenges of nucleic-acid-based and immunological techniques discussed to emphasize the advantages of new separative techniques in selective fractionating of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chylewska
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80- 308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ogryzek
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80- 308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80- 308 Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Jones SL, Ricke SC, Keith Roper D, Gibson KE. Swabbing the surface: critical factors in environmental monitoring and a path towards standardization and improvement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:225-243. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1521369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Jones
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - D. Keith Roper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kristen E. Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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21
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Yüce M, Kurt H, Hussain B, Ow‐Yang CW, Budak H. Exploiting Stokes and anti‐Stokes type emission profiles of aptamer‐functionalized luminescent nanoprobes for multiplex sensing applications. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yüce
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre 34956 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasan Kurt
- School of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstanbul Medipol University 34810 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Babar Hussain
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesSabanci University 34956 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Cleva W. Ow‐Yang
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre 34956 Istanbul Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesSabanci University 34956 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesSabanci University 34956 Istanbul Turkey
- Cereal Genomics LabMontana State University, Bozeman, MT USA
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22
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Habimana JDD, Ji J, Sun X. Minireview: Trends in Optical-Based Biosensors for Point-Of-Care Bacterial Pathogen Detection for Food Safety and Clinical Diagnostics. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1458104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Dieu Habimana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Williams AJ, Cooper WM, Ramsaroop S, Alusta P, Buzatu DA, Wilkes JG. Rapid Flow Cytometry Detection of a Single Viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cell in Raw Spinach Using a Simplified Sample Preparation Technique. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1493. [PMID: 28855894 PMCID: PMC5558463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Very low cell count detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods is critical, since an infective dose for this pathogen may be only 10 cells, and fewer still for vulnerable populations. A flow cytometer is able to detect and count individual cells of a target bacterium, in this case E. coli O157:H7. The challenge is to find the single cell in a complex matrix like raw spinach. To find that cell requires growing it as quickly as possible to a number sufficiently in excess of matrix background that identification is certain. The experimental design for this work was that of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) In-House Level 3 validation executed in the technology’s originating laboratory. Using non-selective enrichment broth, 6.5 h incubation at 42°C, centrifugation for target cell concentration, and a highly selective E. coli O157 fluorescent antibody tag, the cytometry method proved more sensitive than a reference regulatory method (p = 0.01) for detecting a single target cell, one E. coli O157:H7 cell, in 25 g of spinach. It counted that cell’s daughters with at least 38× signal-to-noise ratio, analyzing 25 samples in total-time-to-results of 9 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Williams
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, JeffersonAR, United States
| | - Willie M Cooper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, JeffersonAR, United States
| | | | - Pierre Alusta
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, JeffersonAR, United States
| | - Dan A Buzatu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, JeffersonAR, United States
| | - Jon G Wilkes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, JeffersonAR, United States
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24
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Fernandez RE, Rohani A, Farmehini V, Swami NS. Review: Microbial analysis in dielectrophoretic microfluidic systems. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 966:11-33. [PMID: 28372723 PMCID: PMC5424535 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by various known and emerging pathogenic microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains, are a major threat to global health and well-being. This highlights the urgent need for detection systems for microbial identification, quantification and characterization towards assessing infections, prescribing therapies and understanding the dynamic cellular modifications. Current state-of-the-art microbial detection systems exhibit a trade-off between sensitivity and assay time, which could be alleviated by selective and label-free microbial capture onto the sensor surface from dilute samples. AC electrokinetic methods, such as dielectrophoresis, enable frequency-selective capture of viable microbial cells and spores due to polarization based on their distinguishing size, shape and sub-cellular compositional characteristics, for downstream coupling to various detection modalities. Following elucidation of the polarization mechanisms that distinguish bacterial cells from each other, as well as from mammalian cells, this review compares the microfluidic platforms for dielectrophoretic manipulation of microbials and their coupling to various detection modalities, including immuno-capture, impedance measurement, Raman spectroscopy and nucleic acid amplification methods, as well as for phenotypic assessment of microbial viability and antibiotic susceptibility. Based on the urgent need within point-of-care diagnostics towards reducing assay times and enhancing capture of the target organism, as well as the emerging interest in isolating intact microbials based on their phenotype and subcellular features, we envision widespread adoption of these label-free and selective electrokinetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny E Fernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ali Rohani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Vahid Farmehini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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25
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Zhang Q, Savagatrup S, Kaplonek P, Seeberger PH, Swager TM. Janus Emulsions for the Detection of Bacteria. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:309-313. [PMID: 28470048 PMCID: PMC5408331 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Janus emulsion assays that rely on carbohydrate-lectin binding for the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria are described. Surfactants containing mannose are self-assembled at the surface of Janus droplets to produce particles with lectin binding sites. Janus droplets orient in a vertical direction as a result of the difference in densities between the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon solvents. Binding of lectin to mannose(s) causes agglutination and a tilted geometry. The distinct optical difference between naturally aligned and agglutinated Janus droplets produces signals that can be detected quantitatively. The Janus emulsion assay sensitively and selectively binds to E. coli at 104 cfu/mL and can be easily prepared with long-time stability. It provides the basis for the development of inexpensive portable devices for fast, on-site pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- E-mail:
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26
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Valderrama WB, Dudley EG, Doores S, Cutter CN. Commercially Available Rapid Methods for Detection of Selected Food-borne Pathogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1519-31. [PMID: 25749054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.775567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Generally, the enumeration and isolation of food-borne pathogens is performed using culture-dependent methods. These methods are sensitive, inexpensive, and provide both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the microorganisms present in a sample, but these are time-consuming. For this reason, researchers are developing new techniques that allow detection of food pathogens in shorter period of time. This review identifies commercially available methods for rapid detection and quantification of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in food samples. Three categories are discussed: immunologically based methods, nucleic acid-based assays, and biosensors. This review describes the basic mechanism and capabilities of each method, discusses the difficulties of choosing the most convenient method, and provides an overview of the future challenges for the technology for rapid detection of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladir B Valderrama
- a Department of Food Science , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Edward G Dudley
- a Department of Food Science , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Stephanie Doores
- a Department of Food Science , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Catherine N Cutter
- a Department of Food Science , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
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27
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Moro L, Turemis M, Marini B, Ippodrino R, Giardi MT. Better together: Strategies based on magnetic particles and quantum dots for improved biosensing. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:51-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase, a Novel Immunogenic Surface Protein on Listeria Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160544. [PMID: 27489951 PMCID: PMC4973958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous food-borne pathogen, and its presence in food or production facilities highlights the importance of surveillance. Increased understanding of the surface exposed antigens on Listeria would provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In the present work, using mass spectrometry and genetic cloning, we show that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) class II in Listeria species is the antigen target of the previously described mAb-3F8. Western and dot blot assays confirmed that the mAb-3F8 could distinguish all tested Listeria species from close-related bacteria. Localization studies indicated that FBA is present in every fraction of Listeria cells, including supernatant and the cell wall, setting Listeria spp. as one of the few bacteria described to have this protein on their cell surface. Epitope mapping using ORFeome display and a peptide membrane revealed a 14-amino acid peptide as the potential mAb-3F8 epitope. The target epitope in FBA allowed distinguishing Listeria spp. from closely-related bacteria, and was identified as part of the active site in the dimeric enzyme. However, its function in cell surface seems not to be host cell adhesion-related. Western and dot blot assays further demonstrated that mAb-3F8 together with anti-InlA mAb-2D12 could differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic Listeria isolated from artificially contaminated cheese. In summary, we report FBA as a novel immunogenic surface target useful for the detection of Listeria genus.
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29
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Balakrishnan B, Barizuddin S, Wuliji T, El-Dweik M. A rapid and highly specific immunofluorescence method to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in infected meat samples. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 231:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Sandwich immunoassay for the prostate specific antigen using a micro-fluxgate and magnetic bead labels. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Optical scatter patterns facilitate rapid differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae on CHROMagar™ Orientation medium. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:127-35. [PMID: 26503189 PMCID: PMC4720409 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae family comprised pathogens and commensals and has a significant impact on food safety and public health. Enterobacteriaceae is often enumerated and presumptively identified on chromogenic media, such as CHROMagar(TM) Orientation medium based on colony profile; however, classification is highly arbitrary, and some could not be differentiated due to similar chromogen production. Here, we investigated the ability of the laser optical sensor, BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology) for rapid screening and differentiation of colonies of the major bacterial genera from Enterobacteriaceae on CHROMagar(TM) Orientation. A total of 36 strains representing 12 genera and 15 species were used to generate colony scatter image library that comprised 1683 scatter images. This library was used to differentiate mixed cultures of Enterobacteriaceae family - Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens (KECS group); Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Providencia rettgeri (PMP group); and non-Enterobacteriaceae family: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (PAS group) - and data show high accuracy (83-100%) for intra-group classification of colonies in 10-22 h or even before visible production of chromogens. BARDOT successfully differentiated the major genera, including the ones that do not produce visually distinguishable chromogens on CHROMagar(TM) Orientation, providing a label-free, real-time on-plate colony screening tool for Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Singh
- Department of Food Science, Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Gehring AG, Brewster JD, He Y, Irwin PL, Paoli GC, Simons T, Tu SI, Uknalis J. Antibody Microarray for E. coli O157:H7 and Shiga Toxin in Microtiter Plates. SENSORS 2015; 15:30429-42. [PMID: 26690151 PMCID: PMC4721727 DOI: 10.3390/s151229807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody microarray is a powerful analytical technique because of its inherent ability to simultaneously discriminate and measure numerous analytes, therefore making the technique conducive to both the multiplexed detection and identification of bacterial analytes (i.e., whole cells, as well as associated metabolites and/or toxins). We developed a sandwich fluorescent immunoassay combined with a high-throughput, multiwell plate microarray detection format. Inexpensive polystyrene plates were employed containing passively adsorbed, array-printed capture antibodies. During sample reaction, centrifugation was the only strategy found to significantly improve capture, and hence detection, of bacteria (pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7) to planar capture surfaces containing printed antibodies. Whereas several other sample incubation techniques (e.g., static vs. agitation) had minimal effect. Immobilized bacteria were labeled with a red-orange-fluorescent dye (Alexa Fluor 555) conjugated antibody to allow for quantitative detection of the captured bacteria with a laser scanner. Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) could be simultaneously detected along with the cells, but none of the agitation techniques employed during incubation improved detection of the relatively small biomolecule. Under optimal conditions, the assay had demonstrated limits of detection of ~5.8 × 105 cells/mL and 110 ng/mL for E. coli O157:H7 and Stx1, respectively, in a ~75 min total assay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Gehring
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Brewster
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Yiping He
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Peter L Irwin
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - George C Paoli
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Tawana Simons
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Shu-I Tu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Joseph Uknalis
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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Level 2 validation of a flow cytometric method for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw spinach. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 215:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Salazar JK. Culture-Independent Rapid Detection Methods for Bacterial Pathogens and Toxins in Food Matrices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:183-205. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Div. of Food Processing Science and Technology; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Bedford Park IL U.S.A
| | - Joelle K. Salazar
- Div. of Food Processing Science and Technology; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Bedford Park IL U.S.A
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Vibbert HB, Ku S, Li X, Liu X, Ximenes E, Kreke T, Ladisch MR, Deering AJ, Gehring AG. Accelerating sample preparation through enzyme-assisted microfiltration ofSalmonellain chicken extract. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1551-62. [PMID: 26400739 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter B. Vibbert
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Xuan Li
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Xingya Liu
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Eduardo Ximenes
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Thomas Kreke
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Michael R. Ladisch
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | | | - Andrew G. Gehring
- US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Wyndmoor PA 19038
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Hahm BK, Kim H, Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Pathogen enrichment device (PED) enables one-step growth, enrichment and separation of pathogen from food matrices for detection using bioanalytical platforms. J Microbiol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bhunia AK. One day to one hour: how quickly can foodborne pathogens be detected? Future Microbiol 2015; 9:935-46. [PMID: 25302952 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens pose serious public health risks. Rapid, accurate technologies to detect a low number of target cells (1 cell/25-325 g sample) and microbial toxins are in demand in order to assess product safety in hours to up to 1 day. Varied pathogen loads and the complexity of food present a major challenge. Current culture methods, while accurate, are lengthy. New methods, using brief culturing and detection kits (antibody based, nucleic acid amplification or nano/biosensors) or a culture-independent approach coupled with nucleic acid amplification, traditionally used for viruses/parasites, can be used to obtain results in hours. A strategic approach involving two-step, rapid, high-throughput screening to rule out negatives followed by a confirmatory test could accomplish product testing in 1 h to 1 day.
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Josefsen MH, Bhunia AK, Engvall EO, Fachmann MS, Hoorfar J. Monitoring Campylobacter in the poultry production chain — From culture to genes and beyond. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rapid pathogen detection by lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay with gold nanoparticle-assisted enzyme signal amplification. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 206:60-6. [PMID: 25955290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To date most LF-ICA format for pathogen detection is based on generating color signals from gold nanoparticle (AuNP) tracers that are perceivable by naked eye but often these methods exhibit sensitivity lower than those associated with the conventional enzyme-based immunological methods or mandated by the regulatory guidelines. By developing AuNP avidin-biotin constructs in which a number of enzymes can be labeled we report on an enhanced LF-ICA system to detect pathogens at very low levels. With this approach we show that as low as 100 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli O157:H7 can be detected, indicating that the limit of detection can be increased by about 1000-fold due to our signal amplification approach. In addition, extensive cross-reactivity experiments were conducted (19 different organisms were used) to test and successfully validate the specificity of the assay. Semi-quantitative analysis can be performed using signal intensities which were correlated with the target pathogen concentrations for calibration by image processing.
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A portable automatic endpoint detection system for amplicons of loop mediated isothermal amplification on microfluidic compact disk platform. SENSORS 2015; 15:5376-89. [PMID: 25751077 PMCID: PMC4435121 DOI: 10.3390/s150305376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many improvements have been made in foodborne pathogen detection methods to reduce the impact of food contamination. Several rapid methods have been developed with biosensor devices to improve the way of performing pathogen detection. This paper presents an automated endpoint detection system for amplicons generated by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic compact disk platform. The developed detection system utilizes a monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) emitter for excitation of fluorescent labeled LAMP amplicons and a color sensor to detect the emitted florescence from target. Then it processes the sensor output and displays the detection results on liquid crystal display (LCD). The sensitivity test has been performed with detection limit up to 2.5 × 10−3 ng/µL with different DNA concentrations of Salmonella bacteria. This system allows a rapid and automatic endpoint detection which could lead to the development of a point-of-care diagnosis device for foodborne pathogens detection in a resource-limited environment.
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Development of a rapid capture-cum-detection method for Escherichia coli O157 from apple juice comprising nano-immunomagnetic separation in tandem with surface enhanced Raman scattering. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tang Y, Kim H, Singh AK, Aroonnual A, Bae E, Rajwa B, Fratamico PM, Bhunia AK. Light scattering sensor for direct identification of colonies of Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105272. [PMID: 25136836 PMCID: PMC4138183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have emerged as important foodborne pathogens, among which seven serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, O157) are most frequently implicated in human infection. The aim was to determine if a light scattering sensor can be used to rapidly identify the colonies of STEC serogroups on selective agar plates. Methodology/Principal Findings Initially, a total of 37 STEC strains representing seven serovars were grown on four different selective agar media, including sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC), Rainbow Agar O157, BBL CHROMagarO157, and R&F E. coli O157:H7, as well as nonselective Brain Heart Infusion agar. The colonies were scanned by an automated light scattering sensor, known as BARDOT (BActerial Rapid Detection using Optical scattering Technology), to acquire scatter patterns of STEC serogroups, and the scatter patterns were analyzed using an image classifier. Among all of the selective media tested, both SMAC and Rainbow provided the best differentiation results allowing multi-class classification of all serovars with an average accuracy of more than 90% after 10–12 h of growth, even though the colony appearance was indistinguishable at that early stage of growth. SMAC was chosen for exhaustive scatter image library development, and 36 additional strains of O157:H7 and 11 non-O157 serovars were examined, with each serogroup producing unique differential scatter patterns. Colony scatter images were also tested with samples derived from pure and mixed cultures, as well as experimentally inoculated food samples. BARDOT accurately detected O157 and O26 serovars from a mixed culture and also from inoculated lettuce and ground beef (10-h broth enrichment +12-h on-plate incubation) in the presence of natural background microbiota in less than 24 h. Conclusions BARDOT could potentially be used as a screening tool during isolation of the most important STEC serovars on selective agar plates from food samples in less than 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Tang
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Huisung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Atul K. Singh
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Amornrat Aroonnual
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Euiwon Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Pina M. Fratamico
- USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Singh AK, Bettasso AM, Bae E, Rajwa B, Dundar MM, Forster MD, Liu L, Barrett B, Lovchik J, Robinson JP, Hirleman ED, Bhunia AK. Laser optical sensor, a label-free on-plate Salmonella enterica colony detection tool. mBio 2014; 5:e01019-13. [PMID: 24496794 PMCID: PMC3950520 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01019-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the application capabilities of a laser optical sensor, BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scatter technology) to generate differentiating scatter patterns for the 20 most frequently reported serovars of Salmonella enterica. Initially, the study tested the classification ability of BARDOT by using six Salmonella serovars grown on brain heart infusion, brilliant green, xylose lysine deoxycholate, and xylose lysine tergitol 4 (XLT4) agar plates. Highly accurate discrimination (95.9%) was obtained by using scatter signatures collected from colonies grown on XLT4. Further verification used a total of 36 serovars (the top 20 plus 16) comprising 123 strains with classification precision levels of 88 to 100%. The similarities between the optical phenotypes of strains analyzed by BARDOT were in general agreement with the genotypes analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). BARDOT was evaluated for the real-time detection and identification of Salmonella colonies grown from inoculated (1.2 × 10(2) CFU/30 g) peanut butter, chicken breast, and spinach or from naturally contaminated meat. After a sequential enrichment in buffered peptone water and modified Rappaport Vassiliadis broth for 4 h each, followed by growth on XLT4 (~16 h), BARDOT detected S. Typhimurium with 84% accuracy in 24 h, returning results comparable to those of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service method, which requires ~72 h. BARDOT also detected Salmonella (90 to 100% accuracy) in the presence of background microbiota from naturally contaminated meat, verified by 16S rRNA sequencing and PFGE. Prolonged residence (28 days) of Salmonella in peanut butter did not affect the bacterial ability to form colonies with consistent optical phenotypes. This study shows BARDOT's potential for nondestructive and high-throughput detection of Salmonella in food samples. IMPORTANCE High-throughput screening of food products for pathogens would have a significant impact on the reduction of food-borne hazards. A laser optical sensor was developed to screen pathogen colonies on an agar plate instantly without damaging the colonies; this method aids in early pathogen detection by the classical microbiological culture-based method. Here we demonstrate that this sensor was able to detect the 36 Salmonella serovars tested, including the top 20 serovars, and to identify isolates of the top 8 Salmonella serovars. Furthermore, it can detect Salmonella in food samples in the presence of background microbiota in 24 h, whereas the standard USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service method requires about 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K. Singh
- Department of Food Science, Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda M. Bettasso
- Department of Food Science, Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Euiwon Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Murat M. Dundar
- Computer & Information Science Department, Indiana University, Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark D. Forster
- Indiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lixia Liu
- Indiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brent Barrett
- Indiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Judith Lovchik
- Indiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - E. Daniel Hirleman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Banerjee P, Kintzios S, Prabhakarpandian B. Biotoxin detection using cell-based sensors. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2366-83. [PMID: 24335754 PMCID: PMC3873691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) utilize the principles of cell-based assays (CBAs) by employing living cells for detection of different analytes from environment, food, clinical, or other sources. For toxin detection, CBBs are emerging as unique alternatives to other analytical methods. The main advantage of using CBBs for probing biotoxins and toxic agents is that CBBs respond to the toxic exposures in the manner related to actual physiologic responses of the vulnerable subjects. The results obtained from CBBs are based on the toxin-cell interactions, and therefore, reveal functional information (such as mode of action, toxic potency, bioavailability, target tissue or organ, etc.) about the toxin. CBBs incorporate both prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (yeast, invertebrate and vertebrate) cells. To create CBB devices, living cells are directly integrated onto the biosensor platform. The sensors report the cellular responses upon exposures to toxins and the resulting cellular signals are transduced by secondary transducers generating optical or electrical signals outputs followed by appropriate read-outs. Examples of the layout and operation of cellular biosensors for detection of selected biotoxins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Banerjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 338 Robison Hall, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- School of Food Science, Biotechnology and Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mail:
| | - Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian
- Bioengineering Laboratory Core, Cellular and Biomolecular Engineering, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; E-Mail:
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Highly specific fiber optic immunosensor coupled with immunomagnetic separation for detection of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:275. [PMID: 23176167 PMCID: PMC3533925 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and immunoassays are widely used for pathogen detection. However, novel technology platforms with highly selective antibodies are essential to improve detection sensitivity, specificity and performance. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Internalin A (InlA) and p30 were generated and used on paramagnetic beads of varying diameters for concentration, as well as on fiber-optic sensor for detection. RESULTS Anti-InlA MAb-2D12 (IgG2a subclass) was specific for Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii, and p30-specific MAb-3F8 (IgM) was specific for the genus Listeria. At all bacterial concentrations (10³-10⁸ CFU/mL) tested in the IMS assay; the 1-μm diameter MyOne beads had significantly higher capture efficiency (P < 0.05) than the 2.8-μm diameter M-280 beads with both antibodies. The highest capture efficiency for MyOne-2D12 (49.2% for 10⁵ CFU/mL) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of MyOne-3F8 (16.6 %) and Dynabeads anti-Listeria antibody (9 %). Furthermore, capture efficiency for MyOne-2D12 was highly specific for L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. Subsequently, we captured L. monocytogenes by MyOne-2D12 and MyOne-3F8 from hotdogs inoculated with mono- or co-cultures of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua (10-40 CFU/g), enriched for 18 h and detected by fiber-optic sensor and confirmed by plating, light-scattering, and qPCR assays. The detection limit for L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii by the fiber-optic immunosensor was 3 × 10² CFU/mL using MAb-2D12 as capture and reporter antibody. Selective media plating, light-scattering, and qPCR assays confirmed the IMS and fiber-optic results. CONCLUSIONS IMS coupled with a fiber-optic sensor using anti-InlA MAb is highly specific for L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii and enabled detection of these pathogens at low levels from buffer or food.
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Ohk SH, Bhunia AK. Multiplex fiber optic biosensor for detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica from ready-to-eat meat samples. Food Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23200648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica are the most common foodborne bacterial pathogens and are responsible for many outbreaks. Therefore, multiplex detection of these three using a single assay platform is highly desirable. The objective was to develop and optimize a fiber optic sensor for simultaneous detection of these three from food. The streptavidin coated optical waveguides were immobilized with biotinylated polyclonal antibodies and exposed to the bacterial suspensions or enriched food samples for 2 h. Pathogens were detected after reacting with Alexa-Fluor 647-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Ready-to-eat beef, chicken and turkey meats were inoculated with each pathogen (~100 cfu/25 g), enriched in SEL (Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria), a multipathogen selective enrichment broth for 18 h and tested with the biosensor. The biosensor was able to detect each pathogen, individually or in a mixture with very little cross-reactivity. The limit of detection for the sensor was ~10(3) cfu/ml for all three pathogens. Furthermore, the biosensor successfully detected each pathogen, grown in a mixture from enriched meat samples under 24 h. The pathogen presence was further verified by PCR and immunofluorescence assay. The multiplex fiber optic sensor shows promise for detection of the three pathogens if present in the same sample eliminating the use of multiple single pathogen detection platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Ohk
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Narsaiah K, Jha SN, Bhardwaj R, Sharma R, Kumar R. Optical biosensors for food quality and safety assurance-a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012; 49:383-406. [PMID: 23904648 PMCID: PMC3550887 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Food quality and safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation and storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness. Food serves as a growth medium for microorganisms that can be pathogenic or cause food spoilage. Therefore, it is imperative to have stringent laws and standards for the preparation, packaging and transportation of food. The conventional methods for detection of food contamination based on culturing, colony counting, chromatography and immunoassay are tedious and time consuming while biosensors have overcome some of these disadvantages. There is growing interest in biosensors due to high specificity, convenience and quick response. Optical biosensors show greater potential for the detection of pathogens, pesticide and drug residues, hygiene monitoring, heavy metals and other toxic substances in the food to check whether it is safe for consumption or not. This review focuses on optical biosensors, the recent developments in the associated instrumentation with emphasis on fiber optic and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors for detecting a range of analytes in food samples, the major advantages and challenges associated with optical biosensors. It also briefly covers the different methods employed for the immobilization of bio-molecules used in developing biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Narsaiah
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Shyam Narayan Jha
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Szalontai H, Adányi N, Kiss A. Development of Piezoelectric Immunosensor for the Detection of Probiotic Bacteria. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.673095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Huff K, Aroonnual A, Littlejohn AEF, Rajwa B, Bae E, Banada PP, Patsekin V, Hirleman ED, Robinson JP, Richards GP, Bhunia AK. Light-scattering sensor for real-time identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae colonies on solid agar plate. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 5:607-20. [PMID: 22613192 PMCID: PMC3815873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The three most common pathogenic species of Vibrio, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are of major concerns due to increased incidence of water‐ and seafood‐related outbreaks and illness worldwide. Current methods are lengthy and require biochemical and molecular confirmation. A novel label‐free forward light‐scattering sensor was developed to detect and identify colonies of these three pathogens in real time in the presence of other vibrios in food or water samples. Vibrio colonies grown on agar plates were illuminated by a 635 nm laser beam and scatter‐image signatures were acquired using a CCD (charge‐coupled device) camera in an automated BARDOT (BActerial Rapid Detection using Optical light‐scattering Technology) system. Although a limited number of Vibrio species was tested, each produced a unique light‐scattering signature that is consistent from colony to colony. Subsequently a pattern recognition system analysing the collected light‐scatter information provided classification in 1−2 min with an accuracy of 99%. The light‐scattering signatures were unaffected by subjecting the bacteria to physiological stressors: osmotic imbalance, acid, heat and recovery from a viable but non‐culturable state. Furthermore, employing a standard sample enrichment in alkaline peptone water for 6 h followed by plating on selective thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose agar at 30°C for ∼ 12 h, the light‐scattering sensor successfully detected V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus present in oyster or water samples in 18 h even in the presence of other vibrios or other bacteria, indicating the suitability of the sensor as a powerful screening tool for pathogens on agar plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karleigh Huff
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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López-Campos G, Martínez-Suárez JV, Aguado-Urda M, López-Alonso V. Detection, Identification, and Analysis of Foodborne Pathogens. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN FOOD, HEALTH, AND NUTRITION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3250-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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