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Song JR, Niu ZP, Yang K, Wang L, Huang YB, Rao Q, Liu HY, Hao XJ, Li YM. A natural acylphloroglucinol exerts anti-erythroleukemia effects via targeting STAT3 and p38-MAPK, and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117424. [PMID: 39303451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythroleukemia, a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is a life-threatening malignancy that affects the blood and bone marrow. Despite the availability of clinical treatments, the complex pathogenesis of the disease and the severe side effects of chemotherapy continue to impede therapeutic progress in leukemia. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of L76, an acylphloroglucinol compound derived from Callistemon salignus DC., against erythroleukemia, along with its underlying mechanisms. MTT assays were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of L76 on cancer cell viability, while flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HEL cells. The molecular mechanisms of L76 were further explored using Western blotting, microscopic analysis, and cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA). Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that L76 inhibits proliferation, induces G1/S cell cycle arrest, and promotes apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Mechanistically, L76 exerts its effects by targeting STAT3 and p38-MAPK, and by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of L76 as an anti-erythroleukemia agent, demonstrating its ability to target STAT3 and p38-MAPK, and to inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that L76 could be a promising candidate for the treatment of erythroleukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China
| | - Yu-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China.
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Blume GR, Royes LFF. Peripheral to brain and hippocampus crosstalk induced by exercise mediates cognitive and structural hippocampal adaptations. Life Sci 2024; 352:122799. [PMID: 38852798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Endurance exercise leads to robust increases in memory and learning. Several exercise adaptations occur to mediate these improvements, including in both the hippocampus and in peripheral organs. Organ crosstalk has been becoming increasingly more present in exercise biology, and studies have shown that peripheral organs can communicate to the hippocampus and mediate hippocampal changes. Both learning and memory as well as other hippocampal functional-related changes such as neurogenesis, cell proliferation, dendrite morphology and synaptic plasticity are controlled by these exercise responsive peripheral proteins. These peripheral factors, also called exerkines, are produced by several organs including skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, kidneys, adrenal glands and circulatory cells. Previous reviews have explored some of these exerkines including muscle-derived irisin and cathepsin B (CTSB), but a full picture of peripheral to hippocampus crosstalk with novel exerkines such as selenoprotein 1 (SEPP1) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), or old overlooked ones such as lactate and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is still missing. We provide 29 different studies of 14 different exerkines that crosstalk with the hippocampus. Thus, the purpose of this review is to explore peripheral exerkines that have shown to exert hippocampal function following exercise, demonstrating their particular effects and molecular mechanisms in which they could be inducing adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Physical Education and Sports Center, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Dremencov E, Oravcova H, Grinchii D, Romanova Z, Dekhtiarenko R, Lacinova L, Jezova D. Maternal treatment with a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist during gestation has a sex-specific pro-cognitive action in offspring: mechanisms involved. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1357575. [PMID: 38689666 PMCID: PMC11059060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1357575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that the treatment of several mental disorders can potentially benefit from activation of delta-opioid receptors. In the future, delta-agonists with a safe pharmacological profile can be used for the treatment of mood disorders in pregnant women. However, the data on prenatal exposure to delta-opioid agonists are missing. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the activation of delta-opioid receptors during gravidity has positive effects on the behaviour accompanied by changes in glutamate and monoamine neurotransmission. Methods: Gestating Wistar rats were chronically treated with a selective delta-agonist SNC80 or vehicle. Adult male and female offspring underwent novel object recognition (for the assessment of cognition) and open field (for the assessment of anxiety and habituation) tests, followed by in vivo electrophysiological examination of the activity of hippocampal glutamate and midbrain serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine neurons. Results: We found that the maternal treatment with SNC80 did not affect the offspring's anxiety, habituation, and 5-HT neuronal firing activity. Female offspring of SNC80-treated dams exhibited improved novelty recognition associated with decreased firing rate and burst activity of glutamate and dopamine neurons. Conclusion: Maternal treatment with delta-opioid agonists during gestation may have a pro-cognitive effect on offspring without any negative effects on anxiety and habituation. The putative pro-cognitive effect might be mediated via mechanism(s) involving the firing activity of hippocampal glutamate and mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Oravcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniil Grinchii
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Romanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Dekhtiarenko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Jelen LA, Young AH, Mehta MA. Opioid Mechanisms and the Treatment of Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:67-99. [PMID: 37923934 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are widely expressed in the brain, and the opioid system has a key role in modulating mood, reward processing and stress responsivity. There is mounting evidence that the endogenous opioid system may be dysregulated in depression and that drug treatments targeting mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors may show antidepressant potential. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of opioid system engagement are complex and likely multi-factorial. This chapter explores various pathways through which the modulation of the opioid system may influence depression. These include impacts on monoaminergic systems, the regulation of stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system and inflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, social pain and social reward, as well as expectancy and placebo effects. A greater understanding of the diverse mechanisms through which opioid system modulation may improve depressive symptoms could ultimately aid in the development of safe and effective alternative treatments for individuals with difficult-to-treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Jelen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Allan H Young
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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A Runner's High for New Neurons? Potential Role for Endorphins in Exercise Effects on Adult Neurogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081077. [PMID: 34439743 PMCID: PMC8392752 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has wide-ranging benefits to cognitive functioning and mental state, effects very closely resembling enhancements to hippocampal functioning. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in many of these mental benefits of exercise. However, precise mechanisms behind these effects are not well known. Released peripherally during exercise, beta-endorphins are an intriguing candidate for moderating increases in neurogenesis and the related behavioral benefits of exercise. Although historically ignored due to their peripheral release and status as a peptide hormone, this review highlights reasons for further exploring beta-endorphin as a key mediator of hippocampal neurogenesis. This includes possible routes for beta-endorphin signaling into the hippocampus during exercise, direct effects of beta-endorphin on cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and behavioral effects of manipulating endogenous opioid signaling. Together, beta-endorphin appears to be a promising mechanism for understanding the specific ways that exercise promotes adult neurogenesis specifically and brain health broadly.
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6
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Chen J, Liang L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yang T, Meng F, Lai X, Li C, He J, He M, Xu Q, Li Q, Law P, Loh HH, Pei D, Sun H, Zheng H. Naloxone regulates the differentiation of neural stem cells via a receptor‐independent pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:5917-5930. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902873r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lining Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tingting Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fei Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaowei Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Changpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jingcai He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Meiai He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qiaoran Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Ping‐Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Horace H. Loh
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Institutes for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Institutes for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Morphine and Naloxone Facilitate Neural Stem Cells Proliferation via a TET1-Dependent and Receptor-Independent Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3625-3631.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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8
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Aceves M, Terminel MN, Okoreeh A, Aceves AR, Gong YM, Polanco A, Sohrabji F, Hook MA. Morphine increases macrophages at the lesion site following spinal cord injury: Protective effects of minocycline. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:125-138. [PMID: 30684649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective and widely prescribed medications for the treatment of pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinally-injured patients receive opioids within hours of arrival at the emergency room, and prolonged opioid regimens are often employed for the management of post-SCI chronic pain. However, previous studies in our laboratory suggest that the effects of opioids such as morphine may be altered in the pathophysiological context of neurotrauma. Specifically, we have shown that morphine administration in a rodent model of SCI increases mortality and tissue loss at the injury site, and decreases recovery of motor and sensory function, and overall health, even weeks after treatment. The literature suggests that opioids may produce these adverse effects by acting as endotoxins and increasing glial activation and inflammation. To better understand the effects of morphine following SCI, in this study we used flow cytometry to assess immune-competent cells at the lesion site. We observed a morphine-induced increase in the overall number of CD11b+ cells, with marked effects on microglia, in SCI subjects. Next, to investigate whether this increase in the inflammatory profile is necessary to produce morphine's effects, we challenged morphine treatment with minocycline. We found that pre-treatment with minocycline reduced the morphine-induced increase in microglia at the lesion site. More importantly, minocycline also blocked the adverse effects of morphine on recovery of function without disrupting the analgesic efficacy of this opioid. Together, our findings suggest that following SCI, morphine may exacerbate the inflammatory response, increasing cell death at the lesion site and negatively affecting functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aceves
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Mabel N Terminel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Andre Okoreeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Alejandro R Aceves
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Yan Ming Gong
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Alan Polanco
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Michelle A Hook
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
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9
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Turner CA, Hagenauer MH, Aurbach EL, Maras PM, Fournier CL, Blandino P, Chauhan RB, Panksepp J, Watson SJ, Akil H. Effects of early-life FGF2 on ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and the mu-opioid receptor in male Sprague-Dawley rats selectively-bred for differences in their response to novelty. Brain Res 2019; 1715:106-114. [PMID: 30880118 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, early-life fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) administration conferred resilience to developing anxiety-like behavior in vulnerable animals in adulthood. To follow up on this work, we administered FGF2 the day after birth to animals that differ in emotional behavior and further explored its long-term effects on affective behavior and circuitry. Selectively-bred "high responder" rats (bHRs) exhibit low levels of anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, whereas selectively-bred "low responders" (bLRs) display high levels of anxiety-like and depression-like behavior. We found that early-life administration of FGF2 decreased negative affect in bLRs during the early post-natal period, as indexed by 40 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to a brief maternal separation on PND11. FGF2 also increased positive affect during the juvenile period, as measured by 50 kHz USVs in response to heterospecific hand play ("tickling") after weaning. In general, we found that bHRs produced more 50 kHz USVs than bLRs. In adulthood, we measured opioid ligand and receptor expression in brain regions implicated in USV production and affect regulation by mRNA in situ hybridization. Within multiple affective brain regions, bHRs had greater expression of the mu opioid receptor than bLRs. FGF2 increased mu opioid expression in bLRs. The bLRs had more kappa and less delta receptor expression than bHRs, and FGF2 increased prodynorphin in bLRs. Our results provide support for further investigations into the role of growth factors and endogenous opioids in the treatment of disorders characterized by altered affect, such as anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney A Turner
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Megan H Hagenauer
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elyse L Aurbach
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pamela M Maras
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea L Fournier
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Blandino
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rikav B Chauhan
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaak Panksepp
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Dentate gyrus μ-opioid receptor-mediated neurogenic processes are associated with alterations in morphine self-administration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1471. [PMID: 30728362 PMCID: PMC6365505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously undergo proliferation and differentiation, producing new functional neurons that remodel existing synaptic circuits. Although proliferation of these adult DG NSCs has been implicated in opiate dependence, whether NSC neuronal differentiation and subsequent dendritogenesis are also involved in such addictive behavior remains unknown. Here, we ask whether opiate exposure alters differentiation and dendritogenesis of DG NSCs and investigate the possibility that these alterations contribute to opiate addiction. We show that rat morphine self-administration (MSA), a paradigm that effectively mimics human opiate addiction, increases NSC neuronal differentiation and promotes neuronal dendrite growth in the adult DG. Further, we demonstrate that the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed on DG NSCs and that MSA leads to a two-fold elevation of endogenous MOR levels in doublecortin expressing (DCX+) NSC progenies in the rat DG. MOR expression is also detected in the cultured rat NSCs and morphine treatment in vitro increases NSC neuronal differentiation and dendritogenesis, suggesting that MOR mediates the effect of morphine on NSC neuronal differentiation and maturation. Finally, we show that conditional overexpression of MOR in DG NSCs under a doxycycline inducible system leads to facilitation of the acquisition of MSA in rats, without affecting the extinction process. We advocate that targeting MOR selectively in the DG NSC population might offer a novel therapeutic intervention for morphine addiction.
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Mullick M, Venkatesh K, Sen D. d-Alanine 2, Leucine 5 Enkephaline (DADLE)-mediated DOR activation augments human hUCB-BFs viability subjected to oxidative stress via attenuation of the UPR. Stem Cell Res 2017; 22:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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12
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Liang HM, Geng LJ, Shi XY, Zhang CG, Wang SY, Zhang GM. By up-regulating μ- and δ-opioid receptors, neuron-restrictive silencer factor knockdown promotes neurological recovery after ischemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101012-101025. [PMID: 29254142 PMCID: PMC5731852 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) on proliferation of endogenous nerve stem cells (NSCs) and on μ- and δ-opioid receptor (MOR/DOR) expression in rats after cerebral ischemia. Among 100 rats subjected to cerebral ischemia, 20 rats were transfected with NRSF shRNA, and the remaining 80 were randomly assigned to normal, sham, model, and negative control (NC) groups. On days 7, 14, and 28 after ischemia and reperfusion, neurological function scores were assigned and a step-down passive avoidance test was conducted. Nerve function scores, step-down reaction periods, error times and apoptosis rates, as well as levels of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-associated X protein (Bax), and NRSF expression were lower in the NRSF shRNA group than in the model and NC groups. By contrast, step-down latency, numbers of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells, MOR/DOR expression, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were higher in the NRSF shRNA group than in the model and NC groups. These results suggest that by up-regulating MOR/DOR expression, NRSF knockdown accelerates recovery of neurological function after cerebral ischemia, at least in part by promoting NSC proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liang
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Li-Jiao Geng
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chao-Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
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13
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Bortolotto V, Grilli M. Opiate Analgesics as Negative Modulators of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Potential Implications in Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:254. [PMID: 28536527 PMCID: PMC5422555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, studies of the mechanisms and functional implications of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (ahNG) have significantly progressed. At present, it is proposed that adult born neurons may contribute to a variety of hippocampal-related functions, including specific cognitive aspects and mood regulation. Several groups focussed on the factors that regulate proliferation and fate determination of adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC/NPC), including clinically relevant drugs. Opiates were the first drugs shown to negatively impact neurogenesis in the adult mammalian hippocampus. Since that initial report, a vast array of information has been collected on the effect of opiate drugs, by either modulating proliferation of stem/progenitor cells or interfering with differentiation, maturation and survival of adult born neurons. The goal of this review is to critically revise the present state of knowledge on the effect of opiate drugs on the different developmental stages of ahNG, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. We will also highlight the potential impact of deregulated hippocampal neurogenesis on patients undergoing chronic opiate treatment. Finally, we will discuss the differences in the negative impact on ahNG among clinically relevant opiate drugs, an aspect that may be potentially taken into account to avoid long-term deregulation of neural plasticity and its associated functions in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy
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14
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Hauser KF, Knapp PE. Opiate Drugs with Abuse Liability Hijack the Endogenous Opioid System to Disrupt Neuronal and Glial Maturation in the Central Nervous System. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:294. [PMID: 29410949 PMCID: PMC5787058 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system, comprised of multiple opioid neuropeptide and receptor gene families, is highly expressed by developing neural cells and can significantly influence neuronal and glial maturation. In many central nervous system (CNS) regions, the expression of opioid peptides and receptors occurs only transiently during development, effectively disappearing with subsequent maturation only to reemerge under pathologic conditions, such as with inflammation or injury. Opiate drugs with abuse liability act to modify growth and development by mimicking the actions of endogenous opioids. Although typically mediated by μ-opioid receptors, opiate drugs can also act through δ- and κ-opioid receptors to modulate growth in a cell-type, region-specific, and developmentally regulated manner. Opioids act as biological response modifiers and their actions are highly contextual, plastic, modifiable, and influenced by other physiological processes or pathophysiological conditions, such as neuro-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To date, most studies have considered the acute effects of opiates on cellular maturation. For example, activating opioid receptors typically results in acute growth inhibition in both neurons and glia. However, with sustained opioid exposure, compensatory factors become operative, a concept that has been largely overlooked during CNS maturation. Accordingly, this article surveys prior studies on the effects of opiates on CNS maturation, and also suggests new directions for future research in this area. Identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to chronic opiate exposure (e.g., tolerance) during maturation is crucial toward understanding the consequences of perinatal opiate exposure on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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15
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Effect of delta opioid receptor activation on spatial cognition and neurogenesis in cerebral ischemic rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 620:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Valero J, Paris I, Sierra A. Lifestyle Shapes the Dialogue between Environment, Microglia, and Adult Neurogenesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:442-53. [PMID: 26971802 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modulates brain function. Diet, stress levels, and physical exercise among other factors influence the "brain cognitive reserve", that is, the capacity of the brain to maintain a normal function when confronting neurodegenerative diseases, injury, and/or aging. This cognitive reserve relays on several cellular and molecular elements that contribute to brain plasticity allowing adaptive responses to cognitive demands, and one of its key components is the hippocampal neurogenic reserve. Hippocampal neural stem cells give rise to new neurons that integrate into the local circuitry and contribute to hippocampal functions such as memory and learning. Importantly, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is well-known to be modulated by the demands of the environment and lifestyle factors. Diet, stress, and physical exercise directly act on neural stem cells and/or their progeny, but, in addition, they may also indirectly affect neurogenesis by acting on microglia. Microglia, the guardians of the brain, rapidly sense changes in the brain milieu, and it has been recently shown that their function is affected by lifestyle factors. However, few studies have analyzed the modulatory effect of microglia on adult neurogenesis in these conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge about the dialogue maintained between microglia and the hippocampal neurogenic cascade. Understanding how the communication between microglia and hippocampal neurogenesis is affected by lifestyle choices is crucial to maintain the brain cognitive reserve and prevent the maladaptive responses that emerge during disease or injury through adulthood and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, E-48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, E-48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Iñaki Paris
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, E-48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, E-48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, E-48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
- University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
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17
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Effect of Opioid on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:2601264. [PMID: 27127799 PMCID: PMC4835638 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2601264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the study of the mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis has significantly progressed. Many studies focus on the factors that regulate proliferation and fate determination of adult neural stem/progenitor cells, including addictive drugs such as opioid. Here, we review the most recent works on opiate drugs' effect on different developmental stages of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. We conclude that opiate drugs in general cause a loss of newly born neural progenitors in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus, by either modulating proliferation or interfering with differentiation and maturation. We also discuss the consequent impact of regulation of adult neurogenesis in animal's opioid addiction behavior. We further look into the future directions in studying the convergence between the adult neurogenesis field and opioid addiction field, since the adult-born granular cells were shown to play a role in neuroplasticity and may help to reduce the vulnerability to drug craving and relapse.
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18
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Effects of addictive drugs on adult neural stem/progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 73:327-48. [PMID: 26468052 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) undergo a series of developmental processes before giving rise to newborn neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in adult neurogenesis. During the past decade, the role of NSPCs has been highlighted by studies on adult neurogenesis modulated by addictive drugs. It has been proven that these drugs regulate the proliferation, differentiation and survival of adult NSPCs in different manners, which results in the varying consequences of adult neurogenesis. The effects of addictive drugs on NSPCs are exerted via a variety of different mechanisms and pathways, which interact with one another and contribute to the complexity of NSPC regulation. Here, we review the effects of different addictive drugs on NSPCs, and the related experimental methods and paradigms. We also discuss the current understanding of major signaling molecules, especially the putative common mechanisms, underlying such effects. Finally, we review the future directions of research in this area.
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19
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Tsakova A, Surcheva S, Simeonova K, Altankova I, Marinova T, Usunoff K, Vlaskovska M. Nitroxidergic modulation of behavioural, cardiovascular and immune responses, and brain NADPH diaphorase activity upon morphine tolerance/dependence in rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 29:92-100. [PMID: 26019621 PMCID: PMC4434040 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.990924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid and non-opioid effects of acute and chronic morphine administration on behaviour, cardiovascular responses, cell proliferation and apoptosis and nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) activity were studied in rats. A novel score-point scale was introduced to quantify the signs of opioid withdrawal syndrome. NOS inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) was applied to reveal the role of NOS/NO pathway in the modulation of morphine-induced in vivo and in vitro responses. The obtained data showed that chronic co-administration of L-NAME drastically attenuated naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome and prevented the development of morphine tolerance to cardiovascular action of morphine. The apoptotic process was very much restricted by L-NAME supplementation of chronic morphine treatment, which resulted in few apoptotic cells, less low molecular weight genomic DNA and preservation of high molecular weight non-fragmented genomic DNA. The study provides new data for nitroxidergic modulation of opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tsakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Slavina Surcheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Simeonova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Iskra Altankova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetanka Marinova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Kamen Usunoff
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Mila Vlaskovska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
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20
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Contet C, Kim A, Le D, Iyengar SK, Kotzebue RW, Yuan CJ, Kieffer BL, Mandyam CD. μ-Opioid receptors mediate the effects of chronic ethanol binge drinking on the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Addict Biol 2014; 19:770-80. [PMID: 23461397 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure and withdrawal alter the generation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. The endogenous opioid system, particularly the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), can modulate neural progenitors and also plays a critical role in ethanol drinking and dependence. In the present study, we sought to determine whether MOR contributes to the effects of ethanol on the dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenic niche. MOR wild-type (WT), heterozygous (Het) and knockout (KO) littermates were subjected to voluntary ethanol drinking in repeated limited-access two-bottle choice (2BC) sessions. MOR deficiency did not alter progenitor proliferation, neuronal differentiation and maturation, apoptosis or microglia in ethanol-naïve mice. When exposed to five consecutive weeks of 2BC, MOR mutant mice exhibited a gene-dosage-dependent reduction of ethanol consumption compared with WT mice. Introducing a week of ethanol deprivation between each week of 2BC increased ethanol consumption in all genotypes and produced equivalent intakes in WT, Het and KO mice. Under the latter paradigm, ethanol drinking decreased progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the DG of WT mice. Interestingly, WT mice exhibited a strong negative correlation between ethanol intake and proliferation, which was disrupted in Het and KO mice. Moreover, MOR deficiency blocked the effect of ethanol on neuronal differentiation. MOR deficiency also protected against the neuroimmune response to ethanol drinking. Finally, chronic binge drinking induced a paradoxical decrease in apoptosis, which was independent of MOR. Altogether, our data suggest that MOR is implicated in some of the neuroplastic changes produced by chronic ethanol exposure in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Contet
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Airee Kim
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - David Le
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Siddharth K. Iyengar
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Roxanne W. Kotzebue
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Clara J. Yuan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Brigitte L. Kieffer
- Département Neurobiologie; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg; France
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
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21
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Gonzalez-Nunez V, Noriega-Prieto JA, Rodríguez RE. Morphine modulates cell proliferation through mir133b &mir128 in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:566-72. [PMID: 24440526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer with high incidence and high mortality rate. Great efforts are made to find new treatments and molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis. miRNAs stand for novel strategies to modulate tumor growth, as they can act either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Morphine is an opioid agonist widely used to treat severe and chronic pain, as for example cancer pain. Previous studies have revealed that morphine is able to modify cancer progression, by acting on proliferation or on apoptosis; however, up to date, the available results are contradictory, maybe due to the different doses used, routes of administration and model systems. While some studies show that morphine promotes cell proliferation and metastasis, other authors sustain that morphine effect is mainly antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic. In this study we aim to establish the effect of chronic opiate administration on cell proliferation in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Low doses of morphine (10nM) promoted cell proliferation in undifferentiated cells and reduced the expression levels of miR133b, while higher doses (1μM) inhibited cell proliferation and correlated with decreased levels of miR133b and miR128 without triggering apoptosis. Naloxone, the classical opioid antagonist, could not fully block the effect of morphine on miR128 expression, so that the observed effect may be mediated by non-opioid mechanisms. Our results represent a further contribution to the hypothesis that a joint regulation of miRNA networks and the specific characteristics of the target tissue may determine the effect of morphine on tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gonzalez-Nunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Noriega-Prieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Raquel E Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain.
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22
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Hauser KF, Knapp PE. Interactions of HIV and drugs of abuse: the importance of glia, neural progenitors, and host genetic factors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 118:231-313. [PMID: 25175867 PMCID: PMC4304845 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801284-0.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable insight has been gained into the comorbid, interactive effects of HIV and drug abuse in the brain using experimental models. This review, which considers opiates, methamphetamine, and cocaine, emphasizes the importance of host genetics and glial plasticity in driving the pathogenic neuron remodeling underlying neuro-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and drug abuse comorbidity. Clinical findings are less concordant than experimental work, and the response of individuals to HIV and to drug abuse can vary tremendously. Host-genetic variability is important in determining viral tropism, neuropathogenesis, drug responses, and addictive behavior. However, genetic differences alone cannot account for individual variability in the brain "connectome." Environment and experience are critical determinants in the evolution of synaptic circuitry throughout life. Neurons and glia both exercise control over determinants of synaptic plasticity that are disrupted by HIV and drug abuse. Perivascular macrophages, microglia, and to a lesser extent astroglia can harbor the infection. Uninfected bystanders, especially astroglia, propagate and amplify inflammatory signals. Drug abuse by itself derails neuronal and glial function, and the outcome of chronic exposure is maladaptive plasticity. The negative consequences of coexposure to HIV and drug abuse are determined by numerous factors including genetics, sex, age, and multidrug exposure. Glia and some neurons are generated throughout life, and their progenitors appear to be targets of HIV and opiates/psychostimulants. The chronic nature of HIV and drug abuse appears to result in sustained alterations in the maturation and fate of neural progenitors, which may affect the balance of glial populations within multiple brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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23
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Sen D, Huchital M, Chen YL. Crosstalk between delta opioid receptor and nerve growth factor signaling modulates neuroprotection and differentiation in rodent cell models. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21114-39. [PMID: 24152443 PMCID: PMC3821661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141021114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both opioid signaling and neurotrophic factor signaling have played an important role in neuroprotection and differentiation in the nervous system. Little is known about whether the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways will affect neuroprotection and differentiation. Previously, we found that nerve growth factor (NGF) could induce expression of the delta opioid receptor gene (Oprd1, dor), mainly through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling in PC12h cells. In this study, using two NGF-responsive rodent cell model systems, PC12h cells and F11 cells, we found the delta opioid neuropeptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE)-mediated neuroprotective effect could be blocked by pharmacological reagents: the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MAPK inhibitor PD98059, and Trk inhibitor K252a, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that DADLE activated both the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways in the two cell lines. siRNA Oprd1 gene knockdown experiment showed that the upregulation of NGF mRNA level was inhibited with concomitant inhibition of the survival effects of DADLE in the both cell models. siRNA Oprd1 gene knockdown also attenuated the DADLE-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells as well as phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt in PC12h and F11 cells, respectively. These data together strongly suggest that delta opioid peptide DADLE acts through the NGF-induced functional G protein-coupled Oprd1 to provide its neuroprotective and differentiating effects at least in part by regulating survival and differentiating MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in NGF-responsive rodent neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; E-Mails: (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Huchital
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; E-Mails: (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Yulong L. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; E-Mails: (D.S.); (M.H.)
- The Center for Development and Behavioral Neurosciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-607-777-5218; Fax: +1-607-777-6521
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24
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Laux-Biehlmann A, Mouheiche J, Vérièpe J, Goumon Y. Endogenous morphine and its metabolites in mammals: History, synthesis, localization and perspectives. Neuroscience 2013; 233:95-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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δ-opioid receptor activation and microRNA expression of the rat cortex in hypoxia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51524. [PMID: 23272113 PMCID: PMC3521741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hypoxic/ischemic stress may cause cortical injury and clinically manifest as a neurological disability. Activation of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) may induce cortical protection against hypoxic/ischemic insults. However, the mechanisms underlying DOR protection are not clearly understood. We have recently found that DOR activation modulates the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the kidney exposed to hypoxia, suggesting that DOR protection may involve a miRNA mechanism. To determine if the miRNAs expressed in the cortex mediated DOR neuroprotection, we examined 19 miRNAs that were previously identified as hypoxia- and DOR-regulated miRNAs in the kidney, in the rat cortex treated with UFP-512, a potent and specific DOR agonist under hypoxic condition. Of the 19 miRNAs tested, 17 were significantly altered by hypoxia and/or DOR activation with the direction and amplitude varying depending on hypoxic duration and times of DOR treatment. Expression of several miRNAs such as miR-29b, -101b, -298, 324-3p, -347 and 466b was significantly depressed after 24 hours of hypoxia. Similar changes were seen in normoxic condition 24 hours after DOR activation with one-time treatment of UFP-512. In contrast, some miRNAs were more tolerant to hypoxic stress and showed significant reduction only with 5-day (e.g., miR-31 and -186) or 10-day (e.g., miR-29a, let-7f and -511) exposures. In addition, these miRNAs had differential responses to DOR activation. Other miRNAs like miRs-363* and -370 responded only to the combined exposure to hypoxia and DOR treatment, with a notable reduction of >70% in the 5-day group. These data suggest that cortical miRNAs are highly yet differentially sensitive to hypoxia. DOR activation can modify, enhance or resolve the changes in miRNAs that target HIF, ion transport, axonal guidance, free radical signaling, apoptosis and many other functions.
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26
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Rodríguez RE. Morphine and microRNA Activity: Is There a Relation with Addiction? Front Genet 2012; 3:223. [PMID: 23162566 PMCID: PMC3494017 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When we talk about drug addiction, we are really dealing with an extremely complex system in which there still remain many unknowns and where many empty spaces or missing links are still present. Recent studies have identified changes in the expression profiles of several specific miRNAs which affect the interactions between these molecules and their targets in various illnesses, including addiction, and which may serve as valuable targets for more efficient therapies. In this review, we summarize results which clearly demonstrate that several morphine-related miRNAs have roles in the mechanisms that define addiction. In this regard, morphine has been shown to have an important role in the regulation of different miRNAs, such as miR-let-7 [which works as a mediator of the movement of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) mRNA into P-bodies, leading to translational repression], miR-23b (involved in linking MOR expression and morphine treatment at the post-transcriptional level), and miR-190 (a key post-transcriptional repressor of neurogenic differentiation, NeuroD). Fentanyl increases NeuroD levels by reducing the amount of miR-190, but morphine does not affect the levels of NeuroD. We also discuss the relationship between morphine, miRNAs, and the immune system, based on the discovery that morphine treatment of monocytes led to a decrease in several anti-HIV miRNAs (mir-28, 125b, 150, and 382). This review is centered on miR-133b and its possible involvement in addiction through the effects of morphine. We establish the importance of miR-133b as a regulatory factor by summarizing its activity in different pathological processes, especially cancer. Using the zebrafish as a research model, we discuss the relationship between mir-133b, the dopaminergic system, and morphine, considering: (1) that morphine modulates the expression of miR-133b and of its target transcript Pitx3, (2) the role of the zebrafish mu opioid receptor (zfMOR) in morphine-induced regulation of miR-133b, which depends on ERK1/2, (3) that morphine regulates miR-133b in hippocampal neurons, and (4) the role of delta opioid receptors in morphine-induced regulation of miR-133b. We conclude that the control of miR-133b levels may be a mechanism for the development of addiction to morphine, or other drugs of abuse that increase dopaminergic levels in the extracellular space. These results show that miR-133b is a possible new target for the design of new treatments against addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel E Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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Pettit AS, Desroches R, Bennett SAL. The opiate analgesic buprenorphine decreases proliferation of adult hippocampal neuroblasts and increases survival of their progeny. Neuroscience 2011; 200:211-22. [PMID: 22079577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although opiate drugs of abuse have been shown to decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the impact of opiate analgesics has not been tested. North American regulatory boards governing the ethical treatment of experimental animals require the administration of analgesics, such as buprenorphine, following minor surgical interventions. Here, we show that two commonly used post-operative buprenorphine dosing regimes significantly inhibit the proliferation of doublecortin-positive neuroblasts but not other hippocampal stem and progenitor cell populations in adult mice. Buprenorphine, administered in schedules of three 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneous injections over a single day or seven 0.05 mg/kg injections over a 3-day period decreased the number of actively proliferating 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled doublecortin-positive cells for up to 6 days after opiate withdrawal. The minimal (three injection), but not standard (seven injection), analgesic paradigm also reduced basal indices of hippocampal progenitor cell apoptosis and enhanced survival of newly born cells for up to 28 days. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that the routine administration of opiate analgesics has transient but long-lasting effects on neurogenesis and further emphasize that analgesic dosage and schedule should be reported and considered when interpreting the magnitude of neural stem and progenitor cell activation in response to in vivo intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pettit
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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28
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Laux A, Muller AH, Miehe M, Dirrig-Grosch S, Deloulme JC, Delalande F, Stuber D, Sage D, Van Dorsselaer A, Poisbeau P, Aunis D, Goumon Y. Mapping of endogenous morphine-like compounds in the adult mouse brain: Evidence of their localization in astrocytes and GABAergic cells. J Comp Neurol 2011; 519:2390-416. [PMID: 21456021 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide, and codeine, which are structurally identical to vegetal alkaloids, can be synthesized by mammalian cells from dopamine. However, the role of brain endogenous morphine and its derivative compounds is a matter of debate, and knowledge about its distribution is lacking. In this study, by using a validated antibody, we describe a precise mapping of endogenous morphine-like compounds (morphine and/or its glucuronides and/or codeine) in the mouse brain. First, a mass spectrometry approach confirmed the presence of morphine and codeine in mouse brain, but also, of morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide representing two metabolites of morphine. Second, light microscopy allowed us to observe immunopositive cell somas and cytoplasmic processes throughout the mouse brain. Morphine-like immunoreactivity was present in various structures including the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, band of Broca, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Third, by using confocal microscopy and immunofluroscence co-localization, we characterized cell types containing endogenous opiates. Interestingly, we observed that morphine-like immunoreactivity throughout the encephalon is mainly present in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. Astrocytes were also labeled throughout the entire brain, in the cell body, in the cytoplasmic processes, and in astrocytic feet surrounding blood vessels. Finally, ultrastructural localization of morphine-like immunoreactivity was determined by electron microscopy and showed the presence of morphine-like label in presynaptic terminals in the cerebellum and postsynaptic terminals in the rest of the mouse brain. In conclusion, the presence of endogenous morphine-like compounds in brain regions not usually involved in pain modulation opens the exciting opportunity to extend the role and function of endogenous alkaloids far beyond their analgesic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laux
- Nociception and Pain Department, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
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29
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Shoae-Hassani A, Sharif S, Tabatabaei SAM, Verdi J. Could the endogenous opioid, morphine, prevent neural stem cell proliferation? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:225-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Helmich I, Latini A, Sigwalt A, Carta MG, Machado S, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Budde H. Neurobiological alterations induced by exercise and their impact on depressive disorders [corrected]. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2010; 6:115-25. [PMID: 21283646 PMCID: PMC3026330 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901006010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of physical activity on brain metabolic functions has been investigated in different studies and there is growing evidence that exercise can be used as a preventive and rehabilitative intervention in the treatment of depressive disorders. However, the exact neuronal mechanisms underlying the latter phenomenon have not been clearly elucidated. The present article summarises key results derived from studies that focussed on the neurobiological impact of exercise on brain metabolic functions associated with depressive disorders. Since major depressive disorder (MDD) is a life threatening disease it is of great significance to find reliable strategies to prevent or to cure this illness. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review (1) the physiological relationship between physical activity and depressive disorders and (2) the potential neurobiological alterations induced by exercise that might lead to the relief of mental disorders like depression. METHODS We searched electronic databases for literature concerning the relationship between exercise and depression from 1963 until 2009. RESULTS The data suggests an association between physical inactivity and higher levels of depressive symptoms. Properly designed studies could show that exercise training can be as effective as antidepressive medications. CONCLUSION The exact mechanisms how exercise affects the brain are not fully understood and the literature lacks of well designed studies concerning the effects of exercise training on depressive disorders. But the observed antidepressant actions of exercise are strong enough that it already can be used as an alternative to current medications in the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmich
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sports University Cologne, Germany
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Sanchez-Simon FM, Zhang XX, Loh HH, Law PY, Rodriguez RE. Morphine regulates dopaminergic neuron differentiation via miR-133b. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:935-42. [PMID: 20716624 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.066837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is one of the analgesics used most to treat chronic pain, although its long-term administration produces tolerance and dependence through neuronal plasticity. The ability of morphine to regulate neuron differentiation in vivo has been reported. However, the detailed mechanisms have not yet been elucidated because of the inability to separate maternal influences from embryonic events. Using zebrafish embryos as the model, we demonstrate that morphine decreases miR-133b expression, hence increasing the expression of its target, Pitx3, a transcription factor that activates tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. Using a specific morpholino to knock down the zebrafish μ-opioid receptor (zfMOR) in the embryos and selective mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, we demonstrate that the morphine-induced miR-133b decrease in zebrafish embryos is mediated by zfMOR activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. A parallel morphine-induced down-regulation of miR-133b was observed in the immature but not in mature rat hippocampal neurons. Our results indicate for the first time that zebrafish embryos express a functional μ-opioid receptor and that zebrafish serves as an excellent model to investigate the roles of microRNA in neuronal development affected by long-term morphine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Macho Sanchez-Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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32
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Acute and chronic exercise modulates the expression of MOR opioid receptors in the hippocampal formation of rats. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:278-83. [PMID: 20655988 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise stimulates the release of beta-endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that are believed to be responsible for changes in mood, perception of pain and also performance. Although the vast majority of literature data support the role of physical exercise in increasing beta-endorphin levels, indirect measures such as increased endorphin levels in peripheral blood do not reflect opioid levels in the central nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to verify whether acute and chronic exercise using both voluntary and forced exercise procedures could modify the expression of μ-opioid receptors (MOR) in rat hippocampal formation. Immunoblotting analysis showed significantly enhanced MOR expression in the hippocampal formation in the acute (forced and voluntary) exercise groups when compared to the control group. Conversely, a significant reduction of MOR expression was noted in the chronic forced and chronic voluntary exercise groups compared to the acute forced and voluntary groups respectively. MOR expression was not significantly different in rats trained using both acute or chronic exercise. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a higher number of MOR-positive cells for acute forced and voluntary exercise groups in the CA1, CA3, hilus and dentate gyrus regions compared to the control group. Our findings indicate that acute and chronic exercise modulates MOR expression in the hippocampal formation of rats.
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33
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Sanchez-Simon FM, Arenzana FJ, Rodriguez RE. In vivo effects of morphine on neuronal fate and opioid receptor expression in zebrafish embryos. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:550-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Tsai SY, Lee CT, Hayashi T, Freed WJ, Su TP. Delta opioid peptide DADLE and naltrexone cause cell cycle arrest and differentiation in a CNS neural progenitor cell line. Synapse 2010; 64:267-73. [PMID: 19953654 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Opioids have been demonstrated to play an important role in CNS development by affecting proliferation and differentiation in various types of neural cells. This study examined the effect of a stable delta opioid peptide [D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) on proliferation and differentiation in an AF5 CNS neural progenitor cell line derived from rat mesencephalic cells. DADLE (1 pM, 0.1 nM, or 10 nM) caused a significant growth inhibition on AF5 cells. The opioid antagonist naltrexone at 0.1 nM also caused growth inhibition in the same cells. When DADLE and naltrexone were both added to the AF5 cells, the resultant growth inhibition was apparently additive. DADLE alone or DADLE in combination with naltrexone did not cause apoptosis as evidenced by negative TUNEL staining. The cell-cycle progression analysis indicated that both DADLE (0.1 nM) and naltrexone (0.1 nM) caused an arrest of AF5 cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint. Neuronal marker indicated that DADLE- or naltrexone-treated AF5 cells tend to differentiate more when compared to controls. Results demonstrate the nonopioid action of both DADLE and naltrexone on cell cycle arrest and differentiation in a CNS neural progenitor cell line. Results also suggest some potential utilization of DADLE and/or naltrexone in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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35
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Hahn JW, Jagwani S, Kim E, Rendell VR, He J, Ezerskiy LA, Wesselschmidt R, Coscia CJ, Belcheva MM. Mu and kappa opioids modulate mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor differentiation via MAP kinases. J Neurochem 2009; 112:1431-41. [PMID: 19895666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (NPs) have the potential to be used in cell replacement therapy, an understanding of the signaling mechanisms that regulate their terminal differentiation is imperative. In previous studies, we discovered the presence of functional mu opioid receptors (MOR) and kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in mouse embryonic stem cells and NPs. Here, MOR and KOR immunoreactivity was detected in NP-derived oligodendrocytes during three stages of their maturation in vitro. Moreover, we examined the modulation of retinoic acid-induced NP differentiation to astrocytes and neurons by mu, [D-ala(2), mephe(4), gly-ol(5)] enkephalin, or kappa, U69, 593, opioids. Both opioid agonists inhibited NP-derived neurogenesis and astrogenesis via their corresponding receptors as determined by immunocytochemistry. By administering selective inhibitors, we found that opioid inhibition of NP-derived astrogenesis was driven via extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), while the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was implicated in opioid attenuation of neurogenesis. In addition, mu and kappa opioids stimulated oligodendrogenesis from NP-derived NG2(+) oligodendrocyte progenitors via both ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Accordingly, both opioids induced ERK phosphorylation in NG2(+) cells. These results indicate that small molecules, such as MOR and KOR agonists may play a modulatory role in NP terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Hahn
- EA Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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36
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Dagyte G, Van der Zee EA, Postema F, Luiten PGM, Den Boer JA, Trentani A, Meerlo P. Chronic but not acute foot-shock stress leads to temporary suppression of cell proliferation in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2009; 162:904-13. [PMID: 19482059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stressful experiences, especially when prolonged and severe are associated with psychopathology and impaired neuronal plasticity. Among other effects on the brain, stress has been shown to negatively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, and this effect is considered to be exerted via glucocorticoids. Here, we sought to determine the temporal dynamics of changes in hippocampal neurogenesis after acute and chronic exposure to foot-shock stress. Rats subjected to a foot-shock procedure showed strong activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, even after exposure to daily stress for 3 weeks. Despite a robust release of corticosterone, acute foot-shock stress did not affect the rate of hippocampal cell proliferation. In contrast, exposure to foot-shock stress daily for 3 weeks led to reduced cell proliferation 2 hours after the stress procedure. Interestingly, this stress-induced effect did not persist and was no longer detected 24 hours later. Also, while chronic foot-shock stress had no impact on survival of hippocampal cells that were born before the stress procedure, it led to a decreased number of doublecortin-positive granule neurons that were born during the chronic stress period. Thus, whereas a strong activation of the HPA axis during acute foot-shock stress is not sufficient to reduce hippocampal cell proliferation, repeated exposure to stressful stimuli for prolonged period of time ultimately results in dysregulated neurogenesis. In sum, this study supports the notion that chronic stress may lead to cumulative changes in the brain that are not seen after acute stress. Such changes may indicate compromised brain plasticity and increased vulnerability to neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dagyte
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA, Haren, The Netherlands.
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37
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Thakkar SV, Miyauchi S, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V. Stimulation of Na+/Cl--coupled opioid peptide transport system in SK-N-SH cells by L-kyotorphin, an endogenous substrate for H+-coupled peptide transporter PEPT2. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2008; 23:254-62. [PMID: 18762712 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.23.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified a Na+/Cl--coupled transport system in mammalian cells for endogenous and synthetic opioid peptides. This transport system does not transport dipeptides/tripeptides, but is stimulated by these small peptides. Here we investigated the influence of L-kyotorphin (L-Tyr-L-Arg), an endogenous dipeptide with opioid activity, on this transport system. The activity of the transport system, measured in SK-N-SH cells (a human neuronal cell line) with deltorphin II as a model substrate, was stimulated approximately 2.5-fold by L-kyotorphin, with half-maximal stimulation occurring at approximately 100 microM. The stimulation was associated primarily with an increase in the affinity for deltorphin II. The stimulation caused by L-kyotorphin was stereospecific; L-Tyr-D-Arg (D-kyotorphin) had minimal effect. The influence of L-kyotorphin was observed also in a different cell line which expressed the opioid peptide transport system. While L-kyotorphin is a stimulator of opioid peptide transport, it is a transportable substrate for the H+-coupled peptide transporter PEPT2, which is expressed widely in the brain. Since the activity of the opioid peptide transport system is modulated by extracellular L-kyotorphin and since PEPT2 is an important determinant of extracellular L-kyotorphin in the brain, the expression/activity of PEPT2 may be a critical factor in the modulation of opioidergic neurotransmission in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshanand V Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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38
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Husain S, Potter DE. The opioidergic system: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2008; 24:117-40. [PMID: 18355128 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2007.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B Williams Glaucoma Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Rohe M, Carlo AS, Breyhan H, Sporbert A, Militz D, Schmidt V, Wozny C, Harmeier A, Erdmann B, Bales KR, Wolf S, Kempermann G, Paul SM, Schmitz D, Bayer TA, Willnow TE, Andersen OM. Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) affects the amyloid precursor protein-dependent stimulation of ERK signaling and adult neurogenesis. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:14826-34. [PMID: 18362153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710574200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) is a sorting receptor that impairs processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to soluble (s) APP and to the amyloid beta-peptide in cultured neurons and is poorly expressed in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we evaluated the consequences of Sorla gene defects on brain anatomy and function using mouse models of receptor deficiency. In line with a protective role for SORLA in APP metabolism, lack of the receptor results in increased amyloidogenic processing of endogenous APP and in aggravated plaque deposition when introduced into PDAPP mice expressing mutant human APP. Surprisingly, increased levels of sAPP caused by receptor deficiency correlate with pro-found stimulation of neuronal ERK signaling and with enhanced neurogenesis, providing in vivo support for neurotrophic functions of sAPP. Our data document a role for SORLA not only in control of plaque burden but also in APP-dependent neuronal signaling and suggest a molecular explanation for increased neurogenesis observed in some AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rohe
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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40
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van Praag H. Neurogenesis and exercise: past and future directions. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:128-40. [PMID: 18286389 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research in humans and animals has shown that exercise improves mood and cognition. Physical activity also causes a robust increase in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a brain area important for learning and memory. The positive correlation between running and neurogenesis has raised the hypothesis that the new hippocampal neurons may mediate, in part, improved learning associated with exercise. The present review gives an overview of research pertaining to exercise-induced cell genesis, its possible relevance to memory function and the cellular mechanisms that may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette van Praag
- Section of Neuroplasticity and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurosciences, GRC/NIA/NIH, Rm 4E14, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Koehl M, Meerlo P, Gonzales D, Rontal A, Turek FW, Abrous DN. Exercise-induced promotion of hippocampal cell proliferation requires beta-endorphin. FASEB J 2008; 22:2253-62. [PMID: 18263701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-099101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is influenced by a variety of stimuli, including exercise, but the mechanisms by which running affects neurogenesis are not yet fully understood. Because beta-endorphin, which is released in response to exercise, increases cell proliferation in vitro, we hypothesized that it could exert a similar effect in vivo and mediate the stimulatory effects of running on neurogenesis. We thus analyzed the effects of voluntary wheel-running on adult neurogenesis (proliferation, differentiation, survival/death) in wild-type and beta-endorphin-deficient mice. In wild-type mice, exercise promoted cell proliferation evaluated by sacrificing animals 24 h after the last 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse and by using endogenous cell cycle markers (Ki67 and pH(3)). This was accompanied by an increased survival of 4-wk-old BrdU-labeled cells, leading to a net increase of neurogenesis. Beta-endorphin deficiency had no effect in sedentary mice, but it completely blocked the running-induced increase in cell proliferation; this blockade was accompanied by an increased survival of 4-wk-old cells and a decreased cell death. Altogether, adult neurogenesis was increased in response to exercise in knockout mice. We conclude that beta-endorphin released during running is a key factor for exercise-induced cell proliferation and that a homeostatic balance may regulate the final number of new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koehl
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U862, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Korzh A, Keren O, Gafni M, Bar-Josef H, Sarne Y. Modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by opioid and cannabinoid receptors that are expressed in the same cell. Brain Res 2007; 1189:23-32. [PMID: 18068691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by opioid or cannabinoid drugs, when their receptors are coexpressed in the same cell-type. In N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells, the opioid agonist etorphine and the cannabinoid agonist CP-55940 induced the phosphorylation of ERK by a similar mechanism that involved activation of delta-opioid receptors or CB1 cannabinoid receptors coupled to Gi/Go proteins, matrix metalloproteases, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK). In HEK-293 cells, these two drugs induced the phosphorylation of ERK by separate mechanisms. While CP-55940 activated ERK by transactivation of VEGFRs, similar to its effect in N18TG2 cells, the opioid agonist etorphine activated ERK by a mechanism that did not involve transactivation of a receptor tyrosine kinase. Interestingly, the activation of ERK by etorphine was resistant to the inhibition of MEK, suggesting the possible existence of a novel, undescribed yet mechanism for the activation of ERK by opioids. This mechanism was found to be specific to etorphine, as activation of ERK by the micro-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol] enkephalin) was mediated by MEK in these cells, suggesting that etorphine and DAMGO activate distinct, ligand-specific, conformations of MOR. The characterization of cannabinoid- and opioid-induced ERK activation in these two cell-lines enables future studies into possible interactions between these two groups of drugs at the level of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Korzh
- The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Sheng WS, Hu S, Herr G, Ni HT, Rock RB, Gekker G, Lokensgard JR, Peterson PK. Human Neural Precursor Cells Express Functional κ-Opioid Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:957-63. [PMID: 17538007 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play an important role in the developing as well as adult brain. NSCs have been shown to migrate toward sites of injury in the brain and to participate in the process of brain repair. Like NSCs, cultured human neural precursor cells (NPCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and of migrating toward chemotactic stimuli. Cellular and environmental factors are important for NPC proliferation and migration. Expression of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in murine embryonic stem cells and of MORs and delta-opioid receptors in rodent neuronal precursors, as well as hippocampal progenitors has been reported by other investigators. In this study, we demonstrated robust expression of KORs in highly enriched (>90% nestin-positive) human fetal brain-derived NPCs. We found that KOR ligands, dynorphin(1-17) and trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(1-pyrolidinyl)cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate (U50,488) but not dynorphin(2-17), stimulated proliferation and migration of NPCs in a concentration-dependent manner. NPC proliferation was maximally stimulated at 10(-14) M dynorphin(1-17) and 10(-12) M U50,488. The KOR selective antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine, partially blocked the migratory and proliferative effects of KOR agonists supporting, at least in part, the involvement of a KOR-related mechanism. As has been described for rodent P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells, retinoic acid treatment markedly suppressed KOR mRNA expression in human NPCs. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that activation of KORs alters functional properties of NPCs/NSCs that are relevant to human brain development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen S Sheng
- The Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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44
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Buch SK, Khurdayan VK, Lutz SE, Knapp PE, El-Hage N, Hauser KF. Glial-restricted precursors: patterns of expression of opioid receptors and relationship to human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat and morphine susceptibility in vitro. Neuroscience 2007; 146:1546-54. [PMID: 17478053 PMCID: PMC4308314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced pathogenesis is exacerbated by opioid abuse and that the synergistic toxicity may result from direct actions of opioids in immature glia or glial precursors. To assess whether opioids and HIV proteins are directly toxic to glial-restricted precursors (GRPs), we isolated neural stem cells from the incipient spinal cord of embryonic day 10.5 ICR mice. GRPs were characterized immunocytochemically and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At 1 day in vitro (DIV), GRPs failed to express mu opioid receptors (MOR or MOP) or kappa-opioid receptors (KOR or KOP); however, at 5 DIV, most GRPs expressed MOR and KOR. The effects of morphine (500 nM) and/or Tat (100 nM) on GRP viability were assessed in GRPs at 5 DIV by examining the apoptotic effector caspase-3 and cell viability (ethidium monoazide exclusion) at 96 h following continuous exposure. Tat or morphine alone or in combination caused significant increases in GRP cell death at 96 h, but not at 24 h, following exposure. Although morphine or Tat caused increases in caspase-3 activity at 4 h, this was not accompanied with increased cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive or ethidium monoazide-positive dying cells at 24 h. The results indicate that prolonged morphine or Tat exposure is intrinsically toxic to isolated GRPs and/or their progeny in vitro. Moreover, MOR and KOR are widely expressed by Sox2 and/or Nkx2.2-positive GRPs in vitro and the pattern of receptor expression appears to be developmentally regulated. The temporal requirement for prolonged morphine and HIV-1 Tat exposure to evoke toxicity in glia may coincide with the attainment of a particular stage of maturation and/or the development of particular apoptotic effector pathways and may be unique to spinal cord GRPs. Should similar patterns occur in vivo then we predict that immature astroglia and oligodendroglia may be preferentially vulnerable to HIV-1 infection or chronic opiate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Correspondence: Kurt F. Hauser, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology University of Kentucky, College of Medicine 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. , Phone: (859) 323-6477, Fax: (859) 323-5946
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45
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Rossbach ULW, Steensland P, Nyberg F, Le Grevès P. Nandrolone-induced hippocampal phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits and ERKs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:1028-33. [PMID: 17451646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decline in gonadal steroids is associated with changes in mood and memory function. It appears that normal physiological concentrations of the steroids are required for adequate synaptic plasticity. However, the effects of high levels of androgens subsequent to misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are largely unknown. In this study, rats were given i.m. nandrolone as a single dose or daily for 14 days and the effects on synaptic components in hippocampal synaptoneurosomes were measured 24h after the last injection. Western blot analysis revealed that a single injection of AAS increased phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B and ERK1/2, while the levels of phosphorylated CaMKIIalpha were unaltered. No changes were seen in other synaptic proteins tested, i.e., BDNF, Arc, TUC-4, and beta-tubulin III. Daily administration of nandrolone for 2 weeks did not affect the content of any of the proteins tested. From this in vivo study, it is concluded that important synaptic components respond to a single high dose of nandrolone, an effect that may influence synapse function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe L W Rossbach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 591, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Peltier J, O'Neill A, Schaffer DV. PI3K/Akt and CREB regulate adult neural hippocampal progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Dev Neurobiol 2007; 67:1348-61. [PMID: 17638387 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has been implicated in regulating several important cellular processes, including apoptosis, survival, proliferation, and metabolism. Using both pharmacological and genetic means, we demonstrate here that PI3K/Akt plays a crucial role in the proliferation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells. PI3K/Akt transduces intracellular signals from multiple mitogens, including basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). In addition, retroviral vector-mediated over-expression of wild type Akt increased cell proliferation, while a dominant negative Akt inhibited proliferation. Furthermore, wild type Akt over-expression reduced glial (GFAP) and neuronal (beta-tubulin III) marker expression during differentiation, indicating that it inhibits cell differentiation. We also show that activation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which occurs in cells stimulated by FGF-2, is limited when Akt signaling is inhibited, demonstrating a link between Akt and CREB. Over-expression of wild type CREB increases progenitor proliferation, whereas dominant negative CREB only slightly decreases proliferation. These results indicate that PI3K/Akt signaling integrates extracellular signaling information to promote cellular proliferation and inhibit differentiation in adult neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Peltier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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47
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Hauser KF, El-Hage N, Stiene-Martin A, Maragos WF, Nath A, Persidsky Y, Volsky DJ, Knapp PE. HIV-1 neuropathogenesis: glial mechanisms revealed through substance abuse. J Neurochem 2006; 100:567-86. [PMID: 17173547 PMCID: PMC4305441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration are ultimately responsible for the neurocognitive impairment and dementia manifest in neuroAIDS. Despite overt neuronal pathology, HIV-1 does not directly infect neurons; rather, neuronal dysfunction or death is largely an indirect consequence of disrupted glial function and the cellular and viral toxins released by infected glia. A role for glia in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis is revealed in experimental and clinical studies examining substance abuse-HIV-1 interactions. Current evidence suggests that glia are direct targets of substance abuse and that glia contribute markedly to the accelerated neurodegeneration seen with substance abuse in HIV-1 infected individuals. Moreover, maladaptive neuroplastic responses to chronic drug abuse might create a latent susceptibility to CNS disorders such as HIV-1. In this review, we consider astroglial and microglial interactions and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and examine how drug actions in glia contribute to neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Anne Stiene-Martin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - William F. Maragos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of, Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Avindra Nath
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins, University, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - David J. Volsky
- Molecular Virology Division, St Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center and Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10019
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
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Persson AI, Bull C, Eriksson PS. Requirement for Id1 in opioid-induced oligodendrogenesis in cultured adult rat hippocampal progenitors. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:2277-88. [PMID: 16706836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors and peptides playing important roles during early development of the central nervous system have also been shown to maintain their regulation of cell genesis in the adult brain. We have previously described that endogenous opioids, expressed in the developing hippocampus, regulate proliferation and differentiation in the adult rat hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the opioid beta-endorphin on gene expression and glial differentiation in cultures of adult rat hippocampal progenitors (AHPs). Changes in gene expression after stimulation of AHPs with beta-endorphin for 48 h were investigated using cDNA arrays. Confirmation experiments verified that stimulation with beta-endorphin increased the mRNA levels of myelin basic protein, glutathione S-transferase pi, c-junD and rab16 (P < 0.05), genes that are associated with oligodendrogenesis. Furthermore, beta-endorphin increased the levels of Id1, but not Id3, mRNA on the arrays. Incubation of AHPs with beta-endorphin resulted in a threefold increase in oligodendrogenesis (P < 0.01) but no significant change in astrogliogenesis. No effect on oligodendrogenesis was observed in the presence of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Coincubation of beta-endorphin with Id1 antisense oligonucleotides for 10 days also entirely blocked the induced oligodendrogenesis in our AHP cultures. Moreover, a subpopulation of AHPs (25%) showed nuclear expression of the proneural transcriptional activator Mash1 that was reduced to approximately 5% of the cells when exposed to beta-endorphin. We suggest a requirement for Id1 in opioid-induced oligodendrogenesis in cultured AHPs possibly acting on opioid-responsive AHPs expressing the proneural transcriptional activator Mash1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders I Persson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 19, Floor 1, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Emeterio EPS, Tramullas M, Hurlé MA. Modulation of apoptosis in the mouse brain after morphine treatments and morphine withdrawal. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:1352-61. [PMID: 16496378 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the effects of acute or chronic morphine and naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal on mouse brain apoptotic cell death. The associated changes in the expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins were also analyzed. After a single dose of morphine, no apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL or active caspase-3 immunocytochemistry. Concurrently, a down-regulation of the proapoptotic proteins FasL and Bad was detected in cortical lysates. On the other hand, the brains of chronic-morphine-treated mice and abstinent mice exhibited scattered apoptotic neurons and astrocytes throughout the brain. This neurotoxic effect was accompanied by up-regulation of the proapoptotic proteins FasL, Fas, and Bad and the active fragments of caspases-8 and -3 in cortical and hippocampal lysates. Abstinent mice also displayed a reduced expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. No changes on t-Bid expression were detected under any experimental condition. These results suggest a neurotoxic effect exerted by chronic, but not acute, morphine and its withdrawal by activating both the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The possible clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Pérez-San Emeterio
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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50
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Olson AK, Eadie BD, Ernst C, Christie BR. Environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise massively increase neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus via dissociable pathways. Hippocampus 2006; 16:250-60. [PMID: 16411242 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) and voluntary exercise (VEx) have consistently been shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve spatial learning ability. Although it appears that these two manipulations are equivalent in this regard, evidence exists that EE and VEx affect different phases of the neurogenic process in distinct ways. We review the data suggesting that EE increases the likelihood of survival of new cells, whereas VEx increases the level of proliferation of progenitor cells. We then outline the factors that may mediate these relationships. Finally, we provide a model showing that VEx leads to the convergence of key somatic and cerebral factors in the dentate gyrus (DG) to induce cell proliferation. Although insufficient evidence exists to provide a similar model for EE, we suggest that EE-induced cell survival in the DG involves cortical restructuring as a means of promoting survival. We conclude that EE and VEx lead to an increase in overall hippocampal neurogenesis via dissociable pathways, and should therefore, be considered distinct interventions with regard to hippocampal plasticity and associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Olson
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and The Brain Research Centre at UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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