1
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Mao ZD, Liu ZG, Qian Y, Shi YJ, Zhou LZ, Zhang Q, Qi CJ. RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis to Reveal Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6211-6225. [PMID: 38145010 PMCID: PMC10748568 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s438758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concurrent clinical or subclinical allergic symptom of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This study is the first to explore the expression profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in CARAS using RNA sequencing, which may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying CARAS. Material and Methods Whole blood samples from nine participants (three CARAS patients, three AR patients, and three normal control participants) were subjected to perform RNA sequencing, followed by identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Then, lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were constructed, followed by functional analysis, immune infiltration analysis, drug prediction, and expression validation with RT-qPCR and ELISA. Results The results showed that 61 DEmRNAs, 23 DElncRNAs and 3 DEcircRNAs may be related to the occurrence and development of CARAS. KRT8 may be implicated in the development of AR into CARAS. Three immunity-related mRNAs (IDO1, CYSLTR2, and TEC) and two hypoxia-related mRNAs (TKTL1 and VLDLR) were associated with the occurrence and development of CARAS. TEC may be considered a drug target for Dasatinib in treating CARAS. Several lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were identified in CARAS, including LINC00452/MIR4280HG/hsa_circ_0007272/hsa_circ_0070934-CLC, HEATR6-DT/LINC00639/LINC01783/hsa_circ_0008903-TEC, RP11-71L14.3-IDO1/SMPD3, RP11-178F10.2-IDO1/HRH4, and hsa_circ_0008903-CYSLTR2, which may indicate potential regulatory effects of lncRNAs/circRNAs in CARAS. Dysregulated levels of immune cell infiltration may be closely related to CARAS. Conclusion The regulating effect of lncRNA/circRNA-immunity/hypoxia-related mRNA regulatory pairs may be involved in the occurrence and development of CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Zheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jian Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Hernandez VL, Roberts LB, Maguire TJA, Voss F, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Peset-Martin I, Woszczek G, Rosenblatt J, Gotthardt M, Santis G, Parsons M. Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6407. [PMID: 36302767 PMCID: PMC9613683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dustin C Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felizia Voss
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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3
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Hedgehog Signaling: Linking Embryonic Lung Development and Asthmatic Airway Remodeling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111774. [PMID: 35681469 PMCID: PMC9179967 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the embryonic lung demands complex endodermal–mesodermal interactions, which are regulated by a variety of signaling proteins. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is vital for lung development. It plays a key regulatory role during several morphogenic mechanisms, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and persistence of cells. On the other hand, abnormal expression or loss of regulation of Hh signaling leads to airway asthmatic remodeling, which is characterized by cellular matrix modification in the respiratory system, goblet cell hyperplasia, deposition of collagen, epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts. Hh also targets some of the pathogens and seems to have a significant function in tissue repairment and immune-related disorders. Similarly, aberrant Hh signaling expression is critically associated with the etiology of a variety of other airway lung diseases, mainly, bronchial or tissue fibrosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, suggesting that controlled regulation of Hh signaling is crucial to retain healthy lung functioning. Moreover, shreds of evidence imply that the Hh signaling pathway links to lung organogenesis and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we compiled all up-to-date investigations linked with the role of Hh signaling in the development of lungs as well as the attribution of Hh signaling in impairment of lung expansion, airway remodeling, and immune response. In addition, we included all current investigational and therapeutic approaches to treat airway asthmatic remodeling and immune system pathway diseases.
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4
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Sonnenberg-Riethmacher E, Miehe M, Riethmacher D. Periostin in Allergy and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722170. [PMID: 34512647 PMCID: PMC8429843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are involved in the crosstalk between cells and their environment and thus play an important role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Periostin, a matricellular protein, has several documented and multi-faceted roles in health and disease. It is differentially expressed, usually upregulated, in allergic conditions, a variety of inflammatory diseases as well as in cancer and contributes to the development and progression of these diseases. Periostin has also been shown to influence tissue remodelling, fibrosis, regeneration and repair. In allergic reactions periostin is involved in type 2 immunity and can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in bronchial cells. A variety of different allergic diseases, among them bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD), have been shown to be connected to periostin expression. Periostin is commonly expressed in fibroblasts and acts on epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts involving integrin and NF-κB signalling. Also direct signalling between periostin and immune cells has been reported. The deposition of periostin in inflamed, often fibrotic, tissues is further fuelling the inflammatory process. There is increasing evidence that periostin is also expressed by epithelial cells in several of the above-mentioned conditions as well as in cancer. Augmented periostin expression has also been associated with chronic inflammation such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Periostin can be expressed in a variety of different isoforms, whose functions have not been elucidated yet. This review will discuss potential functions of periostin and its different isoforms in allergy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sonnenberg-Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,Department of Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Miehe
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Immunological Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,Department of Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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5
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Reyes-García J, Montaño LM, Carbajal-García A, Wang YX. Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:259-321. [PMID: 34019274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes, synthetize and release cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. Gender differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung cancer (LC), and infectious related illnesses have been reported. Moreover, the effects of sex hormones on both androgens and estrogens, such as testosterone (TES) and 17β-estradiol (E2), driving characteristic inflammatory patterns in those lung inflammatory diseases have been investigated. In general, androgens seem to display anti-inflammatory actions, whereas estrogens produce pro-inflammatory effects. For instance, androgens regulate negatively inflammation in asthma by targeting type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper (Th)-2 cells to attenuate interleukin (IL)-17A-mediated responses and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway. Estrogens may promote neutrophilic inflammation in subjects with asthma and COPD. Moreover, the activation of estrogen receptors might induce tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we summarize the most recent advances in the functional roles and associated signaling pathways of inflammatory cellular responses in asthma, COPD, PF, LC, and newly occurring COVID-19 disease. We also meticulously deliberate the influence of sex steroids on the development and progress of these common and severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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6
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Cochard M, Ledoux F, Landkocz Y. Atmospheric fine particulate matter and epithelial mesenchymal transition in pulmonary cells: state of the art and critical review of the in vitro studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:293-318. [PMID: 32921295 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1816238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with several diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation are well-documented and are considered as the starting point of some of the pathological responses. However, a number of studies also focused on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a biological process involved in fibrotic diseases and cancer progression notably via metastasis induction. Up until now, EMT was widely reported in vivo and in vitro in various cell types but investigations dealing with in vitro studies of PM2.5 induced EMT in pulmonary cells are limited. Further, few investigations combined the necessary endpoints for validation of the EMT state in cells: such as expression of several surface, cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix biomarkers and activation of transcription markers and epigenetic factors. Studies explored various cell types, cultured under differing conditions and exposed for various durations to different doses. Such unharmonized protocols (1) might introduce bias, (2) make difficult comparison of results and (3) preclude reaching a definitive conclusion regarding the ability of airborne PM2.5 to induce EMT in pulmonary cells. Some questions remain, in particular the specific PM2.5 components responsible for EMT triggering. The aim of this review is to examine the available PM2.5 induced EMT in vitro studies on pulmonary cells with special emphasis on the critical parameters considered to carry out future research in this field. This clarification appears necessary for production of reliable and comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Cochard
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
| | - Yann Landkocz
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
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7
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Veerati PC, Mitchel JA, Reid AT, Knight DA, Bartlett NW, Park JA, Grainge CL. Airway mechanical compression: its role in asthma pathogenesis and progression. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:190123. [PMID: 32759373 PMCID: PMC8008491 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0123-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a mechanically active organ, but uncontrolled or excessive mechanical forces disrupt normal lung function and can contribute to the development of disease. In asthma, bronchoconstriction leads to airway narrowing and airway wall buckling. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological mechanical forces induced by airway buckling alone can perpetuate disease processes in asthma. Here, we review the data obtained from a variety of experimental models, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches, which have been used to study the impact of mechanical forces in asthma pathogenesis. We review the evidence showing that mechanical compression alters the biological and biophysical properties of the airway epithelium, including activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, overproduction of asthma-associated mediators, goblet cell hyperplasia, and a phase transition of epithelium from a static jammed phase to a mobile unjammed phase. We also define questions regarding the impact of mechanical forces on the pathology of asthma, with a focus on known triggers of asthma exacerbations such as viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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8
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Wang J, Cui M, Sun F, Zhou K, Fan B, Qiu JH, Chen FQ. HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate prevents allergic rhinitis and alters lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the nasal mucosa of mice. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1150-1162. [PMID: 32124940 PMCID: PMC7053856 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that intranasal administration of histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) exhibits therapeutic effects on a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, whether NaB is effective on AR when administered orally and prophylactically, as well as its potential effects on gene expression, remained unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of NaB on AR when added to the diet of newly weaned mice and to evaluate the changes in long non-coding (lnc)RNA and mRNA expression profiles in the nasal mucosa. Mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: i) Control (C) group, (no treatment); ii) AR group [treated with ovalbumin (OVA)]; and iii) NaB + AR group (treated with OVA and NaB). The NaB + AR group was administered NaB in their feed (30 g/kg chow), whereas the other two groups were fed normal feed between 3 and 6 weeks of age. At 7 weeks of age, OVA administration was initiated to induce AR in the AR and NaB + AR groups. Following model establishment, behavioral assessments, western blotting and gene expression analysis were performed. NaB exhibited a preventive effect in the murine AR model, diminished the increases in histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC8 expression and increased OVA-induced acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. In addition, NaB increased the AR-associated low expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon γ and IL-17 and decreased the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and transforming growth factor β1. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses revealed the top 10 pathways among the groups. Octamer-binding transcription factor 1, ecotropic viral integration site 1 and paired box 4 were predicted to be target genes of lncRNA (NONMMUT057309). Thus, NaB may exhibit a preventive effect on AR. Additionally, the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the nasal mucosa of mice with AR differed significantly following NaB treatment. These results may provide insights into the pathogenesis of AR and suggest new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Mu Cui
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bei Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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9
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Zhu Z, Guo Y, Shi H, Liu CL, Panganiban RA, Chung W, O'Connor LJ, Himes BE, Gazal S, Hasegawa K, Camargo CA, Qi L, Moffatt MF, Hu FB, Lu Q, Cookson WOC, Liang L. Shared genetic and experimental links between obesity-related traits and asthma subtypes in UK Biobank. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:537-549. [PMID: 31669095 PMCID: PMC7010560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity is associated with asthma and that these associations differ by asthma subtype. Little is known about the shared genetic components between obesity and asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify shared genetic associations between obesity-related traits and asthma subtypes in adults. METHODS A cross-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 457,822 subjects of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. Experimental evidence to support the role of genes significantly associated with both obesity-related traits and asthma through a GWAS was sought by using results from obese versus lean mouse RNA sequencing and RT-PCR experiments. RESULTS We found a substantial positive genetic correlation between body mass index and later-onset asthma defined by asthma age of onset at 16 years or greater (Rg = 0.25, P = 9.56 × 10-22). Mendelian randomization analysis provided strong evidence in support of body mass index causally increasing asthma risk. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified 34 shared loci among 3 obesity-related traits and 2 asthma subtypes. GWAS functional analyses identified potential causal relationships between the shared loci and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) quantitative trait loci and shared immune- and cell differentiation-related pathways between obesity and asthma. Finally, RNA sequencing data from lungs of obese versus control mice found that 2 genes (acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like [ACOXL] and myosin light chain 6 [MYL6]) from the cross-trait meta-analysis were differentially expressed, and these findings were validated by using RT-PCR in an independent set of mice. CONCLUSIONS Our work identified shared genetic components between obesity-related traits and specific asthma subtypes, reinforcing the hypothesis that obesity causally increases the risk of asthma and identifying molecular pathways that might underlie both obesity and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Zhu
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ronald Allan Panganiban
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Wonil Chung
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass
| | - Luke J O'Connor
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Steven Gazal
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass; Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, La
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- Section of Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Quan Lu
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - William O C Cookson
- Section of Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Mass; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
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10
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Cho SH, Jo A, Casale T, Jeong SJ, Hong SJ, Cho JK, Holbrook JT, Kumar R, Smith LJ. Soy isoflavones reduce asthma exacerbation in asthmatic patients with high PAI-1-producing genotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:109-117.e4. [PMID: 30707970 PMCID: PMC6612283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 4G4G genotype of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is associated with increased plasma PAI-1 levels and poor asthma control. Previous studies suggest that soy isoflavones can reduce PAI-1 levels. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate PAI-1 genotype-specific differences of the soy isoflavone response in asthma outcomes. METHODS A PAI-1 functional polymorphism (rs1799768, 4G5G) was characterized in subjects with poorly controlled asthma enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of soy isoflavones (n = 265). Genotype-specific treatment responses on asthma outcomes were compared between soy isoflavones and placebo. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with or without TGF-β1, genistein, or both, and PAI-1 levels were measured. RESULTS The 4G4G/4G5G genotype was associated with a greater risk for allergy-related worsened asthma symptoms and eczema at baseline compared with the 5G5G genotype. There was a significant interaction between the genotype and soy isoflavone intervention on oral corticosteroid use for asthma exacerbation (P = .005). In a subgroup analysis soy isoflavones significantly reduced the use of oral corticosteroids (number of events/person-year) by 4-fold compared with placebo in the 4G4G/4G5G genotype (0.2 vs 0.8; relative risk, 0.28; P < .001) but not in the 5G5G genotype. Soy isoflavones reduced plasma PAI-1 levels compared with placebo. Genistein treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 production in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that soy isoflavone treatment provides a significant benefit in reducing the number of severe asthma exacerbations in asthmatic patients with the high PAI-1-producing genotype. PAI-1 polymorphisms can be used as a genetic biomarker for soy isoflavone-responsive patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ara Jo
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Su J Jeong
- Department of Statistics Support, Medical Science Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong K Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Janet T Holbrook
- Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lewis J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
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11
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Brasier AR. Therapeutic targets for inflammation-mediated airway remodeling in chronic lung disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:931-939. [PMID: 30241450 PMCID: PMC6485244 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1526677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exacerbations of chronic lung disease account for substantial morbidity and health costs. Repeated inflammatory episodes and attendant bronchoconstriction cause structural remodeling of the airway. Remodeling is a multicellular response to mucosal injury that results in epithelial cell-state changes, enhanced extracellular deposition, and expansion of pro-fibrotic myofibroblast populations. Areas covered: This manuscript overviews mechanistic studies identifying key sentinel cell populations in the airway and how pattern recognition signaling induces maladaptive mucosal changes and airway remodeling. Studies elucidating how NFκB couples with an atypical histone acetyltransferase, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) that reprograms mucosal fibrogenic responses, are described. The approaches to development and characterization of selective inhibitors of epigenetic reprogramming on innate inflammation and structural remodeling in preclinical models are detailed. Expert commentary: Bronchiolar cells derived from Scgb1a1-expressing progenitors function as major sentinel cells of the airway, responsible for initiating antiviral and aeroallergen responses. In these sentinel cells, activation of innate inflammation is coupled to neutrophilic recruitment, mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast expansion. Therapeutics targeting the NFkB-BRD4 may be efficacious in reducing pathological effects of acute exacerbations in chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Brasier
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA
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12
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Michalik M, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Paw M, Wnuk D, Koczurkiewicz P, Sanak M, Pękala E, Madeja Z. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3943-3961. [PMID: 30101406 PMCID: PMC6182337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, elevated extracellular matrix protein secretion and an increased number of myofibroblasts. Phenotypic fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition represents one of the primary mechanisms by which myofibroblasts arise in fibrotic lung tissue. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition requires a combination of several types of factors, the most important of which are divided into humoural and mechanical factors, as well as certain extracellular matrix proteins. Despite intensive research on the nature of this process, its underlying mechanisms during bronchial airway wall remodelling in asthma are not yet fully clarified. This review focuses on what is known about the nature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in asthma. We aim to consider possible mechanisms and conditions that may play an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition but have not yet been discussed in this context. Recent studies have shown that some inherent and previously undescribed features of fibroblasts can also play a significant role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Differences observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (e.g., response to transforming growth factor β, cell shape, elasticity, and protein expression profile) may have a crucial influence on this phenomenon. An accurate understanding and recognition of all factors affecting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition might provide an opportunity to discover efficient methods of counteracting this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Antifibrotic Actions of Serelaxin – New Roles for an Old Player. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:485-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Shin SH, Ye MK, Choi SY, Kim YH. Effect of eosinophils activated with Alternaria on the production of extracellular matrix from nasal fibroblasts. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 116:559-64. [PMID: 27156749 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils and fibroblasts are known to play major roles in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Fungi are commonly found in nasal secretion and are associated with airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether activated eosinophils by airborne fungi can influence the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) from nasal fibroblasts. METHODS Inferior turbinate and nasal polyp fibroblasts were stimulated with Alternaria or Aspergillus, respectively, for 24 hours and ECM messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions were measured. Eosinophils isolated from healthy volunteers were stimulated with Alternaria or Aspergillus for 4 hours then superoxide, eosinophil peroxidase, and transforming growth factor β1 were measured. Then activated eosinophils were cocultured with nasal fibroblasts for 24 hours, and ECM mRNA expressions were measured. RESULTS Alternaria strongly enhanced ECM mRNA expression and protein production from nasal fibroblasts. Alternaria also induced the production of superoxide, eosinophil peroxidase, and transforming growth factor β1 from eosinophils, and activated eosinophils enhanced ECM mRNA expression when they were cocultured without the Transwell insert system. CONCLUSION Eosinophils activated with Alternaria enhanced ECM mRNA expression from nasal polyp fibroblasts. Alternaria plays an important role in tissue fibrosis in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps by directly or indirectly influencing the production of ECM from nasal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yee-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Specific regulation of PRMT1 expression by PIAS1 and RKIP in BEAS-2B epithelia cells and HFL-1 fibroblasts in lung inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21810. [PMID: 26911452 PMCID: PMC4766407 DOI: 10.1038/srep21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzes methylation of histones and other cellular proteins, and thus regulates gene transcription and protein activity. In antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) PRMT1 was up-regulated in the epithelium, while in chronic AIPI, increased PRMT1 shifted to fibroblasts. In this study we investigated the cell type specific regulatory mechanism of PRMT1. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts were stimulated with IL-4 or IL-1β. Gene and protein expression were determined by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting. Signaling pathway inhibitors, siRNAs and shRNA were used to determine the regulatory mechanism of PRMT1. The results showed that IL-4 up-regulated PRMT1 through STAT6 signaling in epithelial cells, while IL-1β regulated PRMT1 through NF-κB in fibroblasts. The NF-kB inhibitor protein RKIP was highly expressed in epithelial cells and blocked IL-1β induced PRMT1 up-regulation; while the STAT6 inhibitor protein PIAS1 was expressed in fibroblasts and suppressed IL-4 induced PRMT1 expression. Furthermore, IL-4 stimulated epithelial cells to release IL-1β which up-regulated PRMT1 expression in fibroblasts. In conclusion, the inhibitor proteins RKIP and PIAS1 regulated the cell type and signaling specific expression of PRMT1. Thus PRMT1 expression in structural lung cells in asthma can be considered as potential target for new therapeutic intervention.
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16
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Aguilera-Aguirre L, Hosoki K, Bacsi A, Radák Z, Sur S, Hegde ML, Tian B, Saavedra-Molina A, Brasier AR, Ba X, Boldogh I. Whole transcriptome analysis reveals a role for OGG1-initiated DNA repair signaling in airway remodeling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:20-33. [PMID: 26187872 PMCID: PMC4924473 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by environmental exposures, and endogenously as by-products of respiration, oxidatively modify biomolecules including DNA. Accumulation of ROS-induced DNA damage has been implicated in various diseases that involve inflammatory processes, and efficient DNA repair is considered critical in preventing such diseases. One of the most abundant DNA base lesions is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is repaired by the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1)-initiated base-excision repair (OGG1-BER) pathway. Recent studies have shown that the OGG1-BER by-product 8-oxoG base forms a complex with cytosolic OGG1, activating small GTPases and downstream cell signaling in cultured cells and lungs. This implies that persistent OGG1-BER could result in signaling leading to histological changes in airways. To test this, we mimicked OGG1-BER by repeatedly challenging airways with its repair product 8-oxoG base. Gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and qRT-PCR, and datasets were evaluated by gene ontology and statistical tools. RNA-Seq analysis identified 3252 differentially expressed transcripts (2435 up- and 817 downregulated, ≥ 3-fold change). Among the upregulated transcripts, 2080 mRNAs were identified whose encoded protein products were involved in modulation of the actin family cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, cadherin, and cell junctions, affecting biological processes such as tissue development, cell-to-cell adhesion, cell communication, and the immune system. These data are supported by histological observations showing epithelial alterations, subepithelial fibrosis, and collagen deposits in the lungs. These data imply that continuous challenge by the environment and consequent OGG1-BER-driven signaling trigger gene expression consistent with airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Aguilera-Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Koa Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Roth M. Airway and lung remodelling in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease: a role for muscarinic receptor antagonists? Drugs 2015; 75:1-8. [PMID: 25414120 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung tissue remodelling in chronic inflammatory lung diseases has long been regarded as a follow-up event to inflammation. Recent studies have indicated that, although airway and lung tissue remodelling is often independent of inflammation, it precedes or causes inflammation. None of the available therapies has a significant effect on airway and lung tissue remodelling in asthma, bronchiectasis, fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The goal of stopping or reversing lung tissue remodelling is difficult, as the term summarizes the net effect of independent events, including (1) cell proliferation, (2) cell volume increase, (3) cell migration, (4) modified deposition and metabolism of specific extracellular matrix components, and (5) local action of infiltrated inflammatory cells. The extracellular matrix of the lung has a very high turnover, and thus small changes may accumulate to significant structural pathologies, which seem to be irreversible. The most important question is 'why are pathological changes of the lung structure irreversible and resistant to drugs?' Many drugs have the potential to reduce remodelling mechanisms in vitro but fail in clinical trials. New evidence suggests that muscarinic receptor inhibitors have the potential to improve lung function through modifying tissue remodelling. However, the role of muscarinic receptors in lung remodelling, especially their supportive role for other remodelling driving factors, needs to be further investigated. The focus of this review is the role of muscarinic receptors in lung tissue remodelling as it has been reported in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland,
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18
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Melo E, Kasper JY, Unger RE, Farré R, Kirkpatrick CJ. Development of a Bronchial Wall Model: Triple Culture on a Decellularized Porcine Trachea. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:909-21. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Y. Kasper
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Guttenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Guttenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles James Kirkpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Guttenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Benam KH, Dauth S, Hassell B, Herland A, Jain A, Jang KJ, Karalis K, Kim HJ, MacQueen L, Mahmoodian R, Musah S, Torisawa YS, van der Meer AD, Villenave R, Yadid M, Parker KK, Ingber DE. Engineered in vitro disease models. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:195-262. [PMID: 25621660 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of most biomedical research is to gain greater insight into mechanisms of human disease or to develop new and improved therapies or diagnostics. Although great advances have been made in terms of developing disease models in animals, such as transgenic mice, many of these models fail to faithfully recapitulate the human condition. In addition, it is difficult to identify critical cellular and molecular contributors to disease or to vary them independently in whole-animal models. This challenge has attracted the interest of engineers, who have begun to collaborate with biologists to leverage recent advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication to develop novel in vitro models of disease. As these models are synthetic systems, specific molecular factors and individual cell types, including parenchymal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells, can be varied independently while simultaneously measuring system-level responses in real time. In this article, we provide some examples of these efforts, including engineered models of diseases of the heart, lung, intestine, liver, kidney, cartilage, skin and vascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, as well as models of infectious diseases and cancer. We also describe how engineered in vitro models can be combined with human inducible pluripotent stem cells to enable new insights into a broad variety of disease mechanisms, as well as provide a test bed for screening new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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Sun Q, Liu L, Roth M, Tian J, He Q, Zhong B, Bao R, Lan X, Jiang C, Sun J, Yang X, Lu S. PRMT1 Upregulated by Epithelial Proinflammatory Cytokines Participates in COX2 Expression in Fibroblasts and Chronic Antigen-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:298-306. [PMID: 26026059 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)1, methylating both histones and key cellular proteins, has emerged as a key regulator of various cellular processes. This study aimed to identify the mechanism that regulates PRMT1 in chronic Ag-induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) in the E3 rat asthma model. E3 rats were challenged with OVA for 1 or 8 wk to induce acute or chronic AIPI. Expression of mRNAs was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. PRMT1, TGF-β, COX2, and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression in lung tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting. In the in vitro study, IL-4-stimulated lung epithelial cell (A549) medium (ISEM) with or without anti-TGF-β Ab was applied to human fibroblasts from lung (HFL1). The proliferation of HFL1 was determined by MTT. AMI-1 (pan-PRMT inhibitor) was administered intranasally to chronic AIPI rats to determine PRMT effects on asthmatic parameters. In lung tissue sections, PRMT1 expression was significantly upregulated, mainly in epithelial cells, in acute AIPI lungs, whereas it was significantly upregulated mainly in fibroblasts in chronic AIPI lungs. The in vitro study revealed that ISEM elevates PRMT1, COX2, and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions, and it promoted fibroblast proliferation. The application of anti-TGF-β Ab suppressed COX2 upregulation by ISEM. AMI-1 inhibited the expression of COX2 in TGF-β-stimulated cells. In the in vivo experiment, AMI-1 administered to AIPI rats reduced COX2 production and humoral immune response, and it abrogated mucus secretion and collagen generation. These findings suggested that TGF-β-induced PRMT1 expression participates in fibroblast proliferation and chronic airway inflammation in AIPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Roth
- University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruanjuan Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China;
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Asthma remains a major health problem with significant morbidity, mortality and economic costs. In asthma, airway remodelling, which refers to all the microscopic structural changes seen in the airway tissue, has been recognised for many decades and remains one of the defining characteristics of the disease; however, it is still poorly understood. The detrimental pathophysiological consequences of some features of remodelling, like increased airway smooth muscle mass and subepithelial fibrosis, are well documented. However, whether targeting these by therapy would be beneficial is unknown. Although the prevailing thinking is that remodelling is an abnormal response to persistent airway inflammation, recent evidence, especially from studies of remodelling in asthmatic children, suggests that the two processes occur in parallel. The effects of asthma therapy on airway remodelling have not been studied extensively due to the challenges of obtaining airway tissue in the context of clinical trials. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of asthma therapy, and their effects on remodelling have been better studied than other drugs. Bronchial thermoplasty is the only asthma therapy to primarily target remodelling, although how it results in the apparent clinical benefits seen is not exactly clear. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of airway remodelling in asthma and review the effects of conventional and novel asthma therapies on the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Berair
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
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Chen FH, Li K, Yin L, Chen CQ, Yan ZW, Chen GM. Protective effect of sodium nitroprusside on the rat small intestine transplanted mucosa. Biochem Res Int 2015; 2015:786010. [PMID: 25650248 PMCID: PMC4306256 DOI: 10.1155/2015/786010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal epithelium is extremely susceptible to even brief periods of ischemia. Mucosal barrier damage, which is associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and consequently bacterial translocation, remains a major obstacle for clinically successful small bowel transplantation (SBT). Previous studies have demonstrated a protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on other transplanted organs and NO mediated intestinal protection has also been reported in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), NO donor, on graft mucosal histology and molecular markers of function after SBT in rats. We used SNP in different period of heterotopic SBT rats. The groups consisted of SBT, pre-SNP group, and post-SNP group. Interestingly, the pre-SNP graft samples exhibited less damage compared to the SBT and post-SNP samples. In addition, mucosal samples from the pre-SNP group showed higher Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and higher levels of laminin expression compared to the SBT and post-SNP samples. The findings of the present study reveal that SNP given before graft ischemia/reperfusion injury has a protective effect on mucosal histology and molecular markers of function in the transplanted small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Chen
- Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chun-Qiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Yan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gui-Ming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China
- *Gui-Ming Chen:
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Gabehart KE, Royce SG, Maselli DJ, Miyasato SK, Davis EC, Tang MLK, Jourdan Le Saux C. Airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with airway remodeling but not inflammation in aging Cav1-/- mice. Respir Res 2013; 14:110. [PMID: 24138138 PMCID: PMC4015038 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation and airway remodeling are the key contributors to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a characteristic feature of asthma. Both processes are regulated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β. Caveolin 1 (Cav1) is a membrane bound protein that binds to a variety of receptor and signaling proteins, including the TGF-β receptors. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 deficiency promotes structural alterations of the airways that develop with age will predispose to an increased response to allergen challenge. Methods AHR was measured in Cav1-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice 1 to 12 months of age to examine the role of Cav1 in AHR and the relative contribution of inflammation and airway remodeling. AHR was then measured in Cav1-/- and WT mice after an ovalbumin-allergen challenge performed at either 2 months of age, when remodeling in Cav1-/- and WT mice was equivalent, and at 6 months of age, when the Cav1-/- mice had established airway remodeling. Results Cav1-/- mice developed increased thickness of the subepithelial layer and a correspondingly increased AHR as they aged. In addition, allergen-challenged Cav1-/- mice had an increase in AHR greater than WT mice that was largely independent of inflammation. Cav1-/- mice challenged at 6 months of age have decreased AHR compared to those challenged at 2 months with correspondingly decreased BAL IL-4 and IL-5 levels, inflammatory cell counts and percentage of eosinophils. In addition, in response to OVA challenge, the number of goblet cells and α-SMA positive cells in the airways were reduced with age in response to OVA challenge in contrast to an increased collagen deposition further enhanced in absence of Cav1. Conclusion A lack of Cav1 contributed to the thickness of the subepithelial layer in mice as they aged resulting in an increase in AHR independent of inflammation, demonstrating the important contribution of airway structural changes to AHR. In addition, age in the Cav1-/- mice is a contributing factor to airway remodeling in the response to allergen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A, Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Kalita M, Tian B, Gao B, Choudhary S, Wood TG, Carmical JR, Boldogh I, Mitra S, Minna JD, Brasier AR. Systems approaches to modeling chronic mucosal inflammation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:505864. [PMID: 24228254 PMCID: PMC3818818 DOI: 10.1155/2013/505864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory mucosa is a major coordinator of the inflammatory response in chronic airway diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Signals produced by the chronic inflammatory process induce epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) that dramatically alters the epithelial cell phenotype. The effects of EMT on epigenetic reprogramming and the activation of transcriptional networks are known, its effects on the innate inflammatory response are underexplored. We used a multiplex gene expression profiling platform to investigate the perturbations of the innate pathways induced by TGF β in a primary airway epithelial cell model of EMT. EMT had dramatic effects on the induction of the innate pathway and the coupling interval of the canonical and noncanonical NF- κ B pathways. Simulation experiments demonstrate that rapid, coordinated cap-independent translation of TRAF-1 and NF- κ B2 is required to reduce the noncanonical pathway coupling interval. Experiments using amantadine confirmed the prediction that TRAF-1 and NF- κ B2/p100 production is mediated by an IRES-dependent mechanism. These data indicate that the epigenetic changes produced by EMT induce dynamic state changes of the innate signaling pathway. Further applications of systems approaches will provide understanding of this complex phenotype through deterministic modeling and multidimensional (genomic and proteomic) profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kalita
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Internal Medicine Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sanjeev Choudhary
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas G. Wood
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joseph R. Carmical
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John D. Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Internal Medicine Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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A role for WNT1-inducible signaling protein-1 in airway remodeling in a rat asthma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:350-7. [PMID: 23845395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of WISP1 has been described in multi-organ fibrosis and tissue remodeling. Moreover, it has recently been found that polymorphism of WISP1 gene is related with the change of lung function in asthmatic subjects. Therefore, we hypothesized that WISP1 might be closely linked to occurrence and development of asthmatic airway remodeling. Aim of this study was to examine the roles of WISP1 in an asthmatic model with airway remodeling and assess the specific effects of WISP1 on human lung fibroblast in vitro. Animal models were developed by challenged with ovalbumin. The levels of WISP1 expression in animal models were assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. To examine the specific effects of WISP1 on airway remodeling, WISP1 was depleted by neutralizing α-WISP1 antibodies in vivo. Moreover, human lung fibroblast (HFL-1) was challenged with WISP1 in the presence and absence of SH-5 in vitro. Our study showed that OVA exposure increased the levels of WISP1 expression in a rat asthma model. WISP1 depletion could partially inhibit OVA-induced airway remodeling. In vitro, WISP1-treated HFL-1 cells presented abnormal proliferation and over-expression of Col1a1 and Fn1. However, WISP1-induced collagen release from HFL-1 cells could be attenuated by pretreatment with an Akt inhibitor. Moreover, the levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β in WISP1-treated HFL-1 cells were also significantly elevated. In summary, WISP1 might initiate and perpetuate the pathological remodeling of asthma by inducing fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition. The specific effects of WISP1 were likely due to activation of pulmonary Akt/GSK-3β signaling.
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Roth M, Zhong J, Zumkeller C, S'ng CT, Goulet S, Tamm M. The role of IgE-receptors in IgE-dependent airway smooth muscle cell remodelling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56015. [PMID: 23457493 PMCID: PMC3573085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In allergic asthma, IgE increases airway remodelling but the mechanism is incompletely understood. Airway remodelling consists of two independent events increased cell numbers and enhanced extracellular matrix deposition, and the mechanism by which IgE up-regulates cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition by human airway smooth muscle cells in asthma is unclear. Objective Characterise the role of the two IgE receptors and associated signalling cascades in airway smooth muscle cell remodelling. Methods Primary human airway smooth muscle cells (8 asthmatics, 8 non-asthmatics) were stimulated with human purified antibody-activated IgE. Proliferation was determined by direct cell counts. Total collagen deposition was determined by Sircol; collagen species deposition by ELISA. IgE receptors were silenced by siRNA and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling was blocked by chemical inhibitors. Results IgE dose-dependently increased extracellular matrix and collagen deposition by airway smooth muscle cells as well as their proliferation. Specifically in cells of asthma patients IgE increased the deposition of collagen-type-I, -III, –VII and fibronectin, but did not affect the deposition of collagens type-IV. IgE stimulated collagen type-I and type-VII deposition through IgE receptor-I and Erk1/2 MAPK. Proliferation and deposition of collagens type-III and fibronectin involved both IgE receptors as well as Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK. Pre-incubation (30 minutes) with Omalizumab prevented all remodelling effects completely. We observed no changes in gelatinase activity or their inhibitors. Conclusion & Clincal Relevance Our study provides the molecular biological mechanism by which IgE increases airway remodelling in asthma through increased airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and deposition of pro-inflammatory collagens and fibronectin. Blocking IgE action prevents several aspects of airway smooth muscle cell remodelling. Our findings may explain the recently described reduction of airway wall thickness in severe asthma patients treated with humanised anti-IgE antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Combination therapy with relaxin and methylprednisolone augments the effects of either treatment alone in inhibiting subepithelial fibrosis in an experimental model of allergic airways disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 124:41-51. [PMID: 22817662 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although CSs (corticosteroids) demonstrate potent effects in the control of airway inflammation in asthma, many patients continue to experience symptoms and AHR (airway hyper-responsiveness) despite optimal treatment with these agents, probably due to progressive airway remodelling. Identifying novel therapies that can target airway remodelling and/or airway reactivity may improve symptom control in these patients. We have demonstrated previously that the anti-fibrotic hormone RLN (relaxin) can reverse airway remodelling (epithelial thickening and subepithelial fibrosis) and AHR in a murine model of AAD (allergic airways disease). In the present study, we compared the effects of RLN with a CS (methylprednisolone) on airway remodelling and AHR when administered independently or in combination in the mouse AAD model. Female mice at 6-8 weeks of age were sensitized and challenged to OVA (ovalbumin) over a 9-week period and treated with methylprednisolone, RLN, a combination of both treatments or vehicle controls. Methylprednisolone was administered intraperitoneally on the same day as nebulization for 6 weeks, whereas recombinant human RLN-2 was administered via subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps from weeks 9-11. RLN or methylprednisolone alone were both able to significantly decrease subepithelial thickness and total lung collagen deposition; whereas RLN but not methylprednisolone significantly decreased epithelial thickness and AHR. Additionally, combination therapy with CS and RLN more effectively reduced subepithelial collagen thickness than either therapy alone. These findings demonstrate that RLN can modulate a broader range of airway remodelling changes and AHR than methylprednisolone and the combination of both treatments offers enhanced control of subepithelial fibrosis.
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Royce SG, Lim C, Muljadi RC, Samuel CS, Ververis K, Karagiannis TC, Giraud AS, Tang MLK. Trefoil factor-2 reverses airway remodeling changes in allergic airways disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:135-44. [PMID: 22652198 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0320oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is a small peptide with an important role in mucosal repair. TFF2 is up-regulated in asthma, suggesting a role in asthma pathogenesis. Given its known biological role in promoting epithelial repair, TFF2 might be expected to exert a protective function in limiting the progression of airway remodeling in asthma. The contribution of TFF2 to airway remodeling in asthma was investigated by examining the expression of TFF2 in the airway and lung, and evaluating the effects of recombinant TFF2 treatment on established airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic allergic airways disease (AAD). BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline for 9 weeks, whereas mice with established OVA-induced AAD were treated with TFF2 or vehicle control (intranasally for 14 d). Effects on airway remodeling, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness were then assessed, whereas TFF2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. TFF2 expression was significantly increased in the airways of mice with AAD, compared with expression levels in control mice. TFF2 treatment resulted in reduced epithelial thickening, subepithelial collagen deposition, goblet-cell metaplasia, bronchial epithelium apoptosis, and airway hyperresponsiveness (all P < 0.05, versus vehicle control), but TFF2 treatment did not influence airway inflammation. The increased expression of endogenous TFF2 in response to chronic allergic inflammation is insufficient to prevent the progression of airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic AAD. However, exogenous TFF2 treatment is effective in reversing aspects of established airway remodeling. TFF2 has potential as a novel treatment for airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Department of Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Roth M. Is there a regulatory role of immunoglobulins on tissue forming cells relevant in chronic inflammatory lung diseases? J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:721517. [PMID: 22121383 PMCID: PMC3216316 DOI: 10.1155/2011/721517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells together form and give structure to the airway wall. These three tissue forming cell types are structure giving elements and participate in the immune response to inhaled particles including allergens and dust. All three cell types actively contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tissue forming cells respond directly to allergens through activated immunoglobulins which then bind to their corresponding cell surface receptors. It was only recently reported that allergens and particles traffic through epithelial cells without modification and bind to the immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells. In consequence, these cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby extending the local inflammation. Furthermore, activation of the immunoglobulin receptors can induce proliferation and tissue remodeling of the tissue forming cells. New studies using anti-IgE antibody therapy indicate that the inhibition of immunoglobulins reduces the response of tissue forming cells. The unmeasured questions are: (i) why do tissue forming cells express immunoglobulin receptors and (ii) do tissue forming cells process immunoglobulin receptor bound particles? The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the expression and function of various immunoglobulin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Research and Pneumology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Durrani SR, Viswanathan RK, Busse WW. What effect does asthma treatment have on airway remodeling? Current perspectives. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:439-48; quiz 449-50. [PMID: 21752441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling, or structural changes of the airway wall arising from injury and repair, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Remodeling is characterized as structural changes involving the composition, content, and organization of many of the cellular and molecular constituents of the bronchial wall. These structural changes can include epithelial injury, subepithelial thickening/fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and angiogenesis. Historically, these changes are considered a consequence of long-standing airway inflammation. Recent infant and child studies, however, suggest that remodeling occurs in parallel with inflammation in asthmatic subjects. Despite advancements in the recognition of key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling, there remains a paucity of information about which treatments or interactions are most likely to regulate these processes. Furthermore, it is unclear as to when is the best time to initiate treatments to modify remodeling, which components to target, and how best to monitor interventions on remodeling. Indeed, inhaled corticosteroids, which are generally considered to have limited influence on remodeling, have been shown to be beneficial in studies in which the dose and duration of treatment were increased and prolonged, respectively. Moreover, several studies have identified the need to identify novel asthma indices and phenotypes that correlate with remodeling and, as a consequence, might specifically respond to new therapies, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, and anti-TNF-α mAbs. Our review will evaluate the development of remodeling in asthmatic subjects and the effects of treatment on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheharyar R Durrani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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Freishtat RJ, Watson AM, Benton AS, Iqbal SF, Pillai DK, Rose MC, Hoffman EP. Asthmatic airway epithelium is intrinsically inflammatory and mitotically dyssynchronous. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:863-9. [PMID: 20705942 PMCID: PMC3135846 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0029oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory condition for which anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids are the standard of care. However, similar efficacy has not been shown for agents targeting inflammatory cells and pathways. This suggests a noninflammatory cell contributor (e.g., epithelium) to asthmatic inflammation. Herein, we sought to define the intrinsic and glucocorticoid-affected properties of asthmatic airway epithelium compared with normal epithelium. Human primary differentiated normal and asthmatic airway epithelia were cultured in glucocorticoid-free medium beginning at -48 hours. They were pulsed with dexamethasone (20 nM) or vehicle for 2 hours at -26, -2, +22, and +46 hours. Cultures were mechanically scrape-wounded at 0 hours and exposed continuously to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Cytokine secretions were analyzed using cytometric bead assays. Wound regeneration/mitosis was analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry. Quiescent normal (n = 3) and asthmatic (n = 6) epithelia showed similar minimal inflammatory cytokine secretion and mitotic indices. After wounding, asthmatic epithelia secreted more basolateral TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-1β (P < 0.05) and regenerated less efficiently than normal epithelia (+48 h wound area reduction = [mean ± SEM] 50.2 ± 7.5% versus 78.6 ± 7.7%; P = 0.02). Asthmatic epithelia showed 40% fewer BrdU(+) cells at +48 hours (0.32 ± 0.05% versus 0.56 ± 0.07% of total cells; P = 0.03), and those cells were more dyssynchronously distributed along the cell cycle (52 ± 10, 25 ± 4, 23 ± 7% for G1/G0, S, and G2/M, respectively) than normal epithelia (71 ± 1, 12 ± 2, and 17 ± 2% for G1/G0, S, and G2/M, respectively). Dexamethasone pulses improved asthmatic epithelial inflammation and regeneration/mitosis. In summary, we show that inflammatory/fibrogenic cytokine secretions are correlated with dyssynchronous mitosis upon injury. Intermittent glucocorticoids simultaneously decreased epithelial cytokine secretions and resynchronized mitosis. These data, generated in an airway model lacking inflammatory cells, support the concept that epithelium contributes to asthmatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Freishtat
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Zhang D, Leung N, Weber E, Saftig P, Brömme D. The effect of cathepsin K deficiency on airway development and TGF-β1 degradation. Respir Res 2011; 12:72. [PMID: 21627832 PMCID: PMC3125223 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin K, a cysteine protease predominantly expressed in osteoclasts, is a major drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recent findings, however, indicate that cathepsin K is also involved in non-skeletal metabolism. The development of fibrotic phenotypes in lung and skin is a concern for cathepsin K inhibitors presently evaluated in clinical trials. Cathepsin K is expressed in lung tissue and has been implicated in lung fibrosis. However, little is known about the role of cathepsin K in airway development and its effect on TGF-β1 degradation. METHODS We investigated the effects of cathepsin K-deficiency on alterations in airway integrity, extracellular matrix composition, and TGF-β1 expression and degradation. Lung homogenates of wild-type and cathepsin K-deficient mice were used to evaluate their contents of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and TGF-β1. The accessibility of TGF-β1 to cathepsin K-mediated degradation was determined in vitro and lung fibroblast proliferations in wild-type and cathepsin K-deficient cells were evaluated. RESULTS Lung airway cathepsin K expression in wild-type mice remained constant between 1 and 6 months of age and the airway integrity was maintained. In contrast, after 2 months of age, all Ctsk-/- mice demonstrated increased airway epithelium thickness by 16-28%, a lower structural airway integrity (1-2 score units lower), elevated cytokeratin expression of 12%, increased α-actin and vimentin expression by 50% and 70%, increased area of smooth muscle cells by 15%, elevated hydroxyproline and GAGs content by 20% and 25%, and increased TGF-β1 expression by 25%. TGF-β1 proved an efficient substrate of cathepsin K and TGF-β1 protein content in lung was increased by a potent cathepsin inhibitor. Lung fibroblasts from Ctsk-/- mice after TGF-β1 treatment showed increased proliferation rates, increased levels of TGF-β1 by 30%, and increased ECM secretion. CONCLUSION This study suggests that airway development is partly regulated by cathepsin K and that its expression contributes to the maintenance of the airway structural integrity. The anticipated use of therapeutic cathepsin K inhibitors needs to take potential changes in human lungs into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Oral Biological and Medicinal Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Gardella C, Panigada S, Rossi GA. Metalloproteolytic balance in asthma: when and how could its regulation? Respir Med 2009; 103:1589-91. [PMID: 19596187 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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