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Gao YQ, Seah JJ, Wang ML, Tang QP, Wang DY, Bi XY, Han HW, Zhang TS, Ma J. An unusually high prevalence of allergic rhinitis at high altitudes in 6-7 year old children - An epidemiological study. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100887. [PMID: 38742158 PMCID: PMC11089395 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the epidemiology and disease patterns of allergic rhinitis (AR) at 2 different altitudes in children aged 6-7 years, and subsequently to compare with and augment data from international studies. Materials and methods This is a multistage, clustered and stratified random sample study. The study area comprises 2 distinct areas within Yunnan Province, China. Low altitude was represented by Xishuangbanna Prefecture (XB), while high altitude was represented by Diqing Prefecture (DiQ). Each study area was subdivided into 3 sub-areas, and children aged 6-7 years were randomly sampled based on proportion-weighted sampling. The area studied includes the well-known area of Shangri-La city. Questionnaires were distributed and jointly completed by study participants and their parents or guardians, under the guidance of professional medical staff. Results 2796 valid questionnaires out of 2933 distributed were obtained (survey response rate 95.3%). The prevalence of AR is statistically significantly higher at high altitude (DiQ, 36.0%, 95%CI 33.2-38.8) as compared to low altitude (XB, 19.7%, 95%CI 17.8-21.6) (p < 0.001). Both areas studied had a greater prevalence of AR compared to international data. In both XB and DiQ, male gender, history of early antibiotic use, urban place of birth and place of residence, presence of smokers within the same household, family history of allergic diseases (such as atopic dermatitis), as well as higher parental educational level were all associated with a higher prevalence of AR (p < 0.05). In DiQ, the prevalence of AR in Han ethnicity was greater than that of ethnic minorities (p < 0.05). In XB, being a single child was associated with an increased prevalence of AR compared to those who had siblings (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study found that the prevalence of AR is relatively greater at higher altitudes. Genetic and environmental factors both play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR. While altitude may be an important environmental factor, confounding factors may include humidity, temperature and distribution pattern of common aeroallergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qin Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Jie Seah
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei-Lan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-ping Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian-Yun Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-wei Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Tie-Song Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
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Wu Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Wei X, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang L. A Review on Maternal and Infant Microbiota and Their Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112483. [PMID: 37299446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, which are closely related to the composition and metabolism of maternal and infant flora, are prevalent in infants worldwide. The mother's breast milk, intestinal, and vaginal flora directly or indirectly influence the development of the infant's immune system from pregnancy to lactation, and the compositional and functional alterations of maternal flora are associated with allergic diseases in infants. Meanwhile, the infant's own flora, represented by the intestinal flora, indicates and regulates the occurrence of allergic diseases and is altered with the intervention of allergic diseases. By searching and selecting relevant literature in PubMed from 2010 to 2023, the mechanisms of allergy development in infants and the links between maternal and infant flora and infant allergic diseases are reviewed, including the effects of flora composition and its consequences on infant metabolism. The critical role of maternal and infant flora in allergic diseases has provided a window for probiotics as a microbial therapy. Therefore, the uses and mechanisms by which probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria, can help to improve the homeostasis of both the mother and the infant, and thereby treat allergies, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yucong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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AL-Iede M, Sarhan L, Alshrouf MA, Said Y. Perspectives on Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergy in Pediatrics: A Review of Current Evidence and Guidelines. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:279-291. [PMID: 36942164 PMCID: PMC10024490 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s284825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an immune-mediated disease that can result in considerable morbidity and even mortality, with a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. It is characterized by allergic symptoms that can occur shortly after a relevant food allergen ingestion, or can be delayed or chronic, which make it more difficult for diagnosis. The symptoms of this disease can range from mild to severe, and rarely can cause anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction. The prevalence of non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is poorly established outside of cow's milk allergy, with an adjusted incidence ranging between 0.13% and 0.72%. Several disorders are classified as non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies that predominantly affect the gastrointestinal tract including food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food protein-induced allergic enteropathy (FPE), and food protein-induced dysmotility disorders (GORD and constipation). Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is listed in this group, even though it considered by some authorities to be mixed reaction with both IgE and cell-mediated immune response to be involved in the reaction. The most common types of non-IgE-mediated food allergy are food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP). These disorders typically present in infancy and are often triggered by cow's milk protein. Patients with FPIES present with profuse emesis and dehydration, while FPIAP patients present with hematochezia in otherwise healthy infants. Since there are no specific confirmatory non-invasive diagnostic laboratory tests, the diagnosis is usually made clinically when typical symptoms improve upon the removal of the culprit food. Food reintroduction should be attempted, when possible, with documentation of symptoms of relapse to confirm the diagnosis. The management includes dietary avoidance, supportive treatment in the case of accidental exposure, and nutritional counseling. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, management, and recent guidelines of the most common non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity disorders (FPIES, FPIAP, and FPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha AL-Iede
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Correspondence: Montaha AL-Iede, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11972, Jordan, Tel + 962 65355000, Email ;
| | - Lena Sarhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Alshrouf
- Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Yazan Said
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Niewiem M, Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U. Assessment of Selected Intestinal Permeability Markers in Children with Food Allergy Depending on the Type and Severity of Clinical Symptoms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204385. [PMID: 36297068 PMCID: PMC9608842 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Food allergy (FA) has a broad range of symptoms, and clinical manifestations may concern several reactions from one system or organ. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess intestinal permeability (IP) based on the analysis of serum zonulin and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in children with FA, taking into account the pathomechanism of immune reaction, clinical symptoms of FA and their severity. Material and methods: The study comprised 103 patients aged 7–60 months (median 34); 49 children with IgE-mediated allergy and 25 children with non-IgE-mediated allergy; the reference group comprised 29 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. IP markers were determined using ELISA. Results: There was no correlation between the severity of clinical symptoms and the level of IP markers in children with FA. Zonulin and LPS levels were significantly higher in children with FA and gastrointestinal symptoms. Zonulin levels in the subgroup of children with non-IgE-mediated FA and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than in the subgroup of children with IgE-mediated FA and these symptoms. The level of LPS was significantly higher in the subgroup with IgE-mediated FA and atopic dermatitis. Conclusions: Zonulin and LPS levels were significantly higher in children with FA compared to children from the reference group. Zonulin levels were significantly higher in children with non-IgE-mediated FA than in children with IgE-mediated FA.
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Wang Y, Ma J, Li H, Zhou J, Zhang H, Fu L. A sensitive immunosensor based on FRET between gold nanoparticles and InP/ZnS quantum dots for arginine kinase detection. Food Chem 2021; 354:129536. [PMID: 33756326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) is one of the most important allergens in shrimp products. Herein, a novel immunoassay for quantitation of AK was developed using the antibody modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and quantum dot (QD). When the first antibody modified AuNP (AuNP-Ab1) was bridged by AK with the secondary antibody modified QD (QD-Ab2), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) would occur between the AuNP and QD, which led to a decrease in fluorescent signals. The decrease in fluorescence intensity was found to correlate linearly with the log of AK concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-3 mg/mL (R2 = 0.9909) and the detection limit was 0.11 ng/mL. The immunoassay was further proved to have encouraging specificity, precision and accuracy. Compared with existing methods, this study provided a promising approach to develop a highly sensitive and selective detection method for AK in shrimp related food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huan Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinru Zhou
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Linglin Fu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Martins CPC, Cavalcanti RN, Couto SM, Moraes J, Esmerino EA, Silva MC, Raices RSL, Gut JAW, Ramaswamy HS, Tadini CC, Cruz AG. Microwave Processing: Current Background and Effects on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Aspects of Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:67-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P. C. Martins
- Dept. of Food Technology; Federal Rural Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia BR 465, km 7 23890-000 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N. Cavalcanti
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Univ. of São Paulo; Main Campus, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Trav.3, n° 380 Lab. de Eng. de Alimentos, Cidade Univ. 05508-010 São Paulo SP Brazil
- FoRC/NAPAN - Food Research Center; Univ. of São Paulo; Main campus, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 14 Cidade Univ. 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
- Dept. of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill Univ.; Macdonald campus, 21,111 Lakeshore H9X 3V9 Sainte Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Silvia M. Couto
- Nutrition Inst. Josué de Castro; Federal Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J/2° andar, Cidade Univ., Ilha do Fundão 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Jeremias Moraes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ); Rio de Janeiro campus, Food Dept.; Rua Senador Furtado, 121/125 Maracanã 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Erick A. Esmerino
- Dept. of Food Technology; Federal Rural Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia BR 465, km 7 23890-000 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ); Rio de Janeiro campus, Food Dept.; Rua Senador Furtado, 121/125 Maracanã 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Renata S. L. Raices
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ); Rio de Janeiro campus, Food Dept.; Rua Senador Furtado, 121/125 Maracanã 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Jorge A. W. Gut
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Univ. of São Paulo; Main Campus, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Trav.3, n° 380 Lab. de Eng. de Alimentos, Cidade Univ. 05508-010 São Paulo SP Brazil
- FoRC/NAPAN - Food Research Center; Univ. of São Paulo; Main campus, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 14 Cidade Univ. 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy
- Dept. of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill Univ.; Macdonald campus, 21,111 Lakeshore H9X 3V9 Sainte Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Carmen C. Tadini
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Univ. of São Paulo; Main Campus, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Trav.3, n° 380 Lab. de Eng. de Alimentos, Cidade Univ. 05508-010 São Paulo SP Brazil
- FoRC/NAPAN - Food Research Center; Univ. of São Paulo; Main campus, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 14 Cidade Univ. 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Adriano G. Cruz
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ); Rio de Janeiro campus, Food Dept.; Rua Senador Furtado, 121/125 Maracanã 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Baker MG, Sampson HA. Phenotypes and endotypes of food allergy: A path to better understanding the pathogenesis and prognosis of food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:245-253. [PMID: 29378246 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace Baker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Dodig S, Čepelak I. The potential of component-resolved diagnosis in laboratory diagnostics of allergy. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2018; 28:020501. [PMID: 29666553 PMCID: PMC5898957 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2018.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial laboratory approach in the diagnosis of allergies is to detect the type of allergic reaction, i.e. whether the patient’s allergy is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) or not. For this purpose, the concentration of total serum IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) are determined. Progress in laboratory diagnostics is the use of component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) which implies determination of sIgE against purified native and recombinant allergenic molecules. Component-resolved diagnosis is used in laboratory practice as singleplex and multiplex assays. The choice of allergen for singleplex assay is based on anamnesis, clinical findings of a patient and on skin prick test results. Multiplex-microarray assays simultaneously determine multiple sIgE’s against numerous allergens. The goal of CRD is to distinguish the true allergens from the cross-reactive allergen molecules. Component-resolved diagnosis allows predicting the risk of severe symptoms, as well as anticipating the development of allergies. Thus, determination of sIgE against allergenic components may significantly improve current diagnostics of allergy. Since this method is applied in laboratory practice just a few years, it is necessary to acquire new knowledge and experience, to establish good co-operation between specialist in medical biochemistry and laboratory medicine and the specialist allergologist, so that the method can be applied in a rational manner. Component-resolved diagnosis will significantly improve the diagnostics of IgE-mediated allergy in the future. The aim of this article is to present potentials of CRD in the laboratory diagnostics of allergy mediated by IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Dodig
- Department of medical biochemistry and hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb
| | - Ivana Čepelak
- Department of medical biochemistry and hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb
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Alizadeh M, Khodaei H, Mesgari Abbasi M, Saleh-Ghadimi S. Assessing the effect of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on selected components of immune responses in mice immunised with ovalbumin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3979-3984. [PMID: 28188638 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most important products of the Maillard reaction. In recent years, many profitable biological effects of this compound have been demonstrated. This study sought to elucidate the anti-allergic effect of 5-HMF by investigating some selected components of the immune response in BALB/c mice immunised with ovalbumin (OVA). RESULTS Immunised animals had an increased level of serum total and OVA-specific antibodies when compared to the control (P < 0.01).We found that the OVA-induced increase in serum IgE and OVA-specific IgE were significantly suppressed in the groups treated with 5-HMF (P < 0.05). Moreover, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly reduced in a dose-independent manner when compared to the sensitised group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION 5-HMF inhibited the up-regulation of total and OVA-specific IgE through the suppression of the Th2-type immune response in immunised BALB/c mice. 5-HMF could therefore be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Khodaei
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Cocoa Diet Prevents Antibody Synthesis and Modifies Lymph Node Composition and Functionality in a Rat Oral Sensitization Model. Nutrients 2016; 8:242. [PMID: 27120615 PMCID: PMC4848710 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa powder, a rich source of polyphenols, has shown immunomodulatory properties in both the intestinal and systemic immune compartments of rats. The aim of the current study was to establish the effect of a cocoa diet in a rat oral sensitization model and also to gain insight into the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) activities induced by this diet. To achieve this, three-week-old Lewis rats were fed either a standard diet or a diet with 10% cocoa and were orally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and with cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. Specific antibodies were quantified, and lymphocyte composition, gene expression, and cytokine release were established in MLN. The development of anti-OVA antibodies was almost totally prevented in cocoa-fed rats. In addition, this diet increased the proportion of TCRγδ+ and CD103+CD8+ cells and decreased the proportion of CD62L+CD4+ and CD62L+CD8+ cells in MLN, whereas it upregulated the gene expression of OX40L, CD11c, and IL-1β and downregulated the gene expression of IL-17α. In conclusion, the cocoa diet induced tolerance in an oral sensitization model accompanied by changes in MLN that could contribute to this effect, suggesting its potential implication in the prevention of food allergies.
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Li H, Zhu K, Zhou H, Peng W, Guo X. Comparative study of four physical approaches about allergenicity of soybean protein isolate for infant formula. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1129602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The science of food allergy has been rapidly evolving before our eyes in the past half century. Like other allergic disorders, the prevalence of food allergies has dramatically increased, and coupled with the increased public awareness of anaphylaxis due to food allergy, this has driven an explosion in basic and clinical research in this extremely broad subject. Treatment of food allergies has evolved and practices such as food challenges have become an integral part of an allergy practice. The impact of the increase of food allergy has driven package labeling laws, legislation on emergency treatment availability in schools and other public places, and school policy. But to this day, our knowledge of the pathogenesis of food allergy is still incomplete. There are the most obvious IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, but then multiple previously unidentified conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, milk protein allergy, food-induced atopic dermatitis, oral allergy syndrome, and others have complicated the diagnosis and management of many of our patients who are unable to tolerate certain foods. Many of these conditions are not IgE-mediated, but may be T cell-driven diseases. The role of T regulatory cells and immune tolerance and the newly discovered immunological role of vitamin D have shed light on the variable clinical presentation of food allergy and the development of new methods of immunotherapy in an example of bench-to-bedside research. Component-resolved diagnostic techniques have already begun to allow us to more precisely define the epitopes that are targeted in food allergic patients. The development of biological modulators, research on genomics and proteomics, and epigenetic techniques all offer promising avenues for new modes of therapy of food allergy in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA,
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El Mecherfi KE, Rouaud O, Curet S, Negaoui H, Chobert JM, Kheroua O, Saidi D, Haertlé T. Peptic hydrolysis of bovine beta-lactoglobulin under microwave treatment reduces its allergenicity in anex vivomurine allergy model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamel-Eddine El Mecherfi
- Université d'Oran; Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et de Sécurité Alimentaire; Équipe Allergie; BP 1524 EL M'Naouer 31000 Oran Algéria
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique; Équipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines; rue de la Géraudière BP 71627 44316 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- ONIRIS; CNRS; GEPEA; UMR 6144 rue de la Géraudière CS82225 44322 Nantes France
| | - Sébastien Curet
- ONIRIS; CNRS; GEPEA; UMR 6144 rue de la Géraudière CS82225 44322 Nantes France
| | - Hanane Negaoui
- Université d'Oran; Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et de Sécurité Alimentaire; Équipe Allergie; BP 1524 EL M'Naouer 31000 Oran Algéria
| | - Jean-Marc Chobert
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique; Équipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines; rue de la Géraudière BP 71627 44316 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Omar Kheroua
- Université d'Oran; Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et de Sécurité Alimentaire; Équipe Allergie; BP 1524 EL M'Naouer 31000 Oran Algéria
| | - Djamel Saidi
- Université d'Oran; Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et de Sécurité Alimentaire; Équipe Allergie; BP 1524 EL M'Naouer 31000 Oran Algéria
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique; Équipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines; rue de la Géraudière BP 71627 44316 Nantes Cedex 3 France
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14
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Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, Craig T, Dreyfus D, Hsieh F, Sheikh J, Weldon D, Zuraw B, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller DE, Spector SL, Tilles SA, Wallace D. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1270-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Hochwallner H, Schulmeister U, Swoboda I, Spitzauer S, Valenta R. Cow's milk allergy: from allergens to new forms of diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Methods 2013; 66:22-33. [PMID: 23954566 PMCID: PMC3969108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first adverse reactions to cow's milk were already described 2,000 years ago. However, it was only 50 years ago that several groups started with the analysis of cow's milk allergens. Meanwhile the spectrum of allergy eliciting proteins within cow's milk is identified and several cow's milk allergens have been characterized regarding their biochemical properties, fold and IgE binding epitopes. The diagnosis of cow's milk allergy is diverse ranging from fast and cheap in vitro assays to elaborate in vivo assays. Considerable effort was spent to improve the diagnosis from an extract-based into a component resolved concept. There is still no suitable therapy available against cow's milk allergy except avoidance. Therefore research needs to focus on the development of suitable and safe immunotherapies that do not elicit severe side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Hochwallner
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ulrike Schulmeister
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Spitzauer
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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16
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Pelikan Z. Asthmatic response to milk ingestion challenge in adults: a comparison of the open and double-blind challenges. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:163-73. [PMID: 23363658 DOI: 10.1159/000345130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy can participate in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bronchial asthma in some adult patients. This role should ultimately be confirmed by means of a milk ingestion challenge. In this study, the diagnostic value of the open food ingestion challenge (OFICH) and the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) techniques with milk were compared in adult patients suffering from bronchial asthma with suspected milk allergy. METHODS In 87 asthmatics with a suspected history and positive skin tests for milk, the 87 OFICHs and DBPCFCs were performed in combination with spirometry and followed up to 72 h after the challenge. RESULTS Of 87 patients, 74 (85%) developed a positive asthmatic response (AR) (20 immediate, 33 late, 6 dual late and 15 delayed; p < 0.01) and 13 (15%) developed a negative AR (p > 0.1) to OFICH. Seventy-five (86%) developed a positive AR (17 immediate, 35 late, 8 dual late and 15 delayed; p < 0.01) and 12 (14%) developed a negative AR (p > 0.05) to DBPCFC. The correlation between the OFICH and DBPCFC was statistically significant (p < 0.01). All placebo control challenges were negative (p > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS In some adults with bronchial asthma, involvement of an allergy to cow's milk results in the appearance of various AR types (immediate, late, dual late or delayed). The milk allergy can be confirmed by open or double-blind techniques, combined with spirometry. No significant differences were found between the OFICH and DBPCFC results. OFICH with natural milk combined with spirometry seems, therefore, to be an adequate technique for the detection of milk allergy in asthmatics. The DBPCFC can be performed as an additional check, if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Pelikan
- Allergy Research Foundation, Effenseweg 42, Breda, The Netherlands. zpelikan @ casema.nl
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17
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A molecular insight of CTLA-4 in food allergy. Immunol Lett 2013; 149:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Giovanna V, Carla C, Alfina C, Domenico PA, Elena L. The immunopathogenesis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Ital J Pediatr 2012; 38:35. [PMID: 22824011 PMCID: PMC3441837 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent symptoms among the manifestations of cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) are gastrointestinal. CMPA pathogenesis involves immunological mechanisms with participation of immunocompetent cells and production of immunoglobulin E (IgE). Nevertheless, recent studies have been focused on the description of other forms of CMPA, not-mediated by IgE reactions, mostly involving the T lymphocite immune system. Thus, in this field it is important to note how different kind of cells are involved in the immunopathogenesis of CMPA, such as antigen-specific T cells, T regulatory cells, cytokines secreted by the different T lymphocite subsets, B lymphocytes, antingen-presenting cells, mast cells, that together orchestrate the complex mechanism leading to the phenotipic expression of CMPA.The progress in the diagnosis of immunologic disorders allowed the recent literature to develop new models for immuno-mediate disorders, involving new cells (such as Treg cells) and thus allowing the acquisition of a new vision of the pathogenesis of atopic diseases.The aim of this review is to describe the immunopathogenetic aspects of CMPA in view of these new discoveries in the immunologic field, considering the immunologic pathway at the basis of both IgE- and not-IgE mediated CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliti Giovanna
- Bronchopneumoallergology and Cystic Fibrosis O.U., Departement of Pediatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico-OVE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cimino Carla
- Bronchopneumoallergology and Cystic Fibrosis O.U., Departement of Pediatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico-OVE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Coco Alfina
- Bronchopneumoallergology and Cystic Fibrosis O.U., Departement of Pediatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico-OVE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Praticò Andrea Domenico
- Bronchopneumoallergology and Cystic Fibrosis O.U., Departement of Pediatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico-OVE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lionetti Elena
- Bronchopneumoallergology and Cystic Fibrosis O.U., Departement of Pediatrics, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico-OVE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Allergen-specific responses of CD19(+)CD5(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory B cells (Bregs) and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (Tregs) in immune tolerance of cow milk allergy of late eczematous reactions. Cell Immunol 2012; 274:109-14. [PMID: 22398308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3-expressing cells among CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells were identified as regulatory B cells. Food allergy manifesting as late eczematous reactions is regarded as a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The diagnosis for milk allergy manifesting as late eczematous reactions was made on the basis of the findings obtained from a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge in patients with atopic dermatitis. Twelve patients with milk allergy and 12 patients who could tolerate milk were selected. On casein stimulation, the CD19(+)CD5(+)Foxp3(+) B cell (Breg) fraction in CD5(+) B cells decreased from 4.4±1.1% to 3.1±0.7% (P=0.047, n=12) in the milk allergy group and increased from 4.4±1.3% to 5.2±1.4% (P=0.001, n=10) in the milk-tolerant group. On the other hand, on allergen stimulation, the number of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the milk allergy group and milk-tolerant group increased from 2.6±0.7% to 3.4±0.6% (P=0.014, n=9) and from 2.7±1.0% to 3.5±1.0% (P=0.038, n=10), respectively. In conclusion, allergen-specific responses of Bregs, rather than those of Tregs, seem to influence the immune responses (i.e., allergy or tolerance) to a food allergen.
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20
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Pelikan Z. Late type of bronchial response to milk ingestion challenge: a comparison of open and double-blind challenge. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2012:515267. [PMID: 22121387 PMCID: PMC3216363 DOI: 10.1155/2012/515267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. In some asthmatics the food allergy, for example, to milk, can participate in their bronchial complaints. The role of food allergy should be confirmed definitively by food ingestion challenge performed by an open challenge with natural foods (OFICH) or by a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Objectives. To investigate the diagnostic value of these techniques for confirmation of a suspected milk allergy in bronchial asthma patients. Methods. In 54 asthmatics with a positive history and/or positive skin tests for milk the 54 OFICH, and DBPCFC, were performed in combination with spirometry. Results. The 54 patients developed 39 positive late asthmatic responses (LAR) and 15 negative asthmatic responses to OFICH and 40 positive LARs and 14 negative responses to DBPCFC. The overall correlation between the OFICH and DBPCFC was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusions. This study has confirmed the existence of LAR to milk ingestion performed by OFICH and DBPCFC in combination with spirometry. The results obtained by both the techniques did not differ significantly. The OFICH with natural food combined with monitoring of objective parameter(s), such as spirometry, seems to be a suitable method for detection of the food allergy in asthmatics. The DBPCFC can be performed as an additional check, if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Pelikan
- Allergy Research Foundation, Effenseweg 42, 4838 BB Breda, The Netherlands
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21
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Noh G, Lee JH. Regulatory B cells and allergic diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:168-77. [PMID: 21738882 PMCID: PMC3121058 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B cells are generally considered to positively regulate immune responses by producing antigen-specific antibodies. B cells are classified into classical CD5- conventional B cells and CD5+ B1 cells. The latter produce multi-specific autoantibodies and are thought to be involved in autoimmune diseases. However, evidence supporting a B cell negative regulatory function has accumulated over the past 30 years. Multiple reports have suggested that absence, or loss, of regulatory B cells exacerbates symptoms of both allergic (including contact hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis) and autoimmune (such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic colitis, and collagen-induced arthritis) diseases, and in lupus-like models of autoimmunity. Regulatory B cells are characterized by production of the negative regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β. IL-10-producing B cells were the first regulatory B cells to be recognized and were termed 'B10' cells. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are of the CD19+CD5+IgMhiIgDloCD1dhi type. Recently, a TGF-β-producing regulatory B cell subset, Br3, has been shown to be related to immune tolerance in food allergies. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing B cells have also been identified in humans and may act as regulatory B cells (Bregs). The functional image of regulatory B cells is similar to that of regulatory T cells. Because of the proliferative and apoptotic responses of Br1 and Br3 cells in immune tolerance in non-IgE-mediated food allergy, reciprocal roles and counter-regulatory mechanisms of Br1 and Br3 responses are also suspected. Additionally, different roles for regulatory B and T cells at different time points during initiation and progression of autoimmune disease are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunwoong Noh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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22
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Lee JH, Noh J, Noh G, Choi WS, Cho S, Lee SS. Allergen-specific transforming growth factor-β-producing CD19+CD5+ regulatory B-cell (Br3) responses in human late eczematous allergic reactions to cow's milk. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:441-9. [PMID: 21291325 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD19(+)CD5(+) regulatory B cells produce transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in both mouse and human B-cell leukemias. In this study, TGF-β was uniquely produced by normal human regulatory B cells. TGF-β-producing regulatory B-cell (Br3) responses were characterized through allergic responses to cow's milk. In total, 10 subjects allergic to milk and 13 milk-tolerant subjects were selected following double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenges. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with casein. Following allergen stimulation, the percentage of Br3s among CD5(+) B cells decreased from 11.5% ± 13.7% to 8.0% ± 9.6% (P = 0.042, n = 5) in the milk-allergy group and increased from 14.7% ± 15.6% to 18.9% ± 20.1% (P = 0.006, n = 7) in the milk-tolerant group. However, the numbers of Br3s increased only in the milk-tolerant group, from 1,954 ± 1,058 to 4,548 ± 1,846 per well (P = 0.026), whereas the numbers of Br3s in the milk-allergy group were unchanged [2,596 ± 823 to 2,777 ± 802 per well (P = 0.734)]. The numbers of apoptotic events were similar to the numbers of total Br3 responses. The percentage of non-TGF-β-producing CD5(+) B cells with apoptotic changes increased from 13.4% ± 17.1% to 16.4% ± 20.3% (P = 0.047, n = 5) in the milk-allergy group and remained unchanged [from 9.9% ± 11.9% to 9.3% ± 11.4% (P = 0.099, n = 7)] in the milk-tolerant group. Using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling, we observed that the percentage of proliferating Br3s among CD5(+) B cells was unchanged [from 6.1% ± 2.8% to 6.4% ± 2.9% (P = 0.145)] in the milk-allergy group and increased from 6.8% ± 3.9% to 10.2% ± 5.3% (P = 0.024) in the milk-tolerant group. In conclusion, Br3s proliferated in response to allergen stimulation in the milk-tolerant group and not in the milk-allergy group. TGF-β-producing regulatory B cells (Br3) may be involved in allergy tolerance by negatively regulating the immune system with TGF-β, and this negative regulation may be controlled by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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23
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24
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Husain M, Boermans HJ, Karrow NA. Mesenteric lymph node transcriptome profiles in BALB/c mice sensitized to three common food allergens. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:12. [PMID: 21211037 PMCID: PMC3023748 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food allergy is a serious health concern among infants and young children. Although immunological mechanism of food allergy is well documented, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in food allergen sensitization have not been well characterized. Therefore, the present study analyzed the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) transcriptome profiles of BALB/c mice in response to three common food allergens. Results Microarray analysis identified a total of 1361, 533 and 488 differentially expressed genes in response to β-lactoglobulin (BLG) from cow's milk, ovalbumin (OVA) from hen's egg white and peanut agglutinin (PNA) sensitizations, respectively (p < 0.05). A total of 150 genes were commonly expressed in all antigen sensitized groups. The expression of seven representative genes from microarray experiment was validated by real-time RT-PCR. All allergens induced significant ear swelling and serum IgG1 concentrations, whereas IgE concentrations were increased in BLG- and PNA-treated mice (p < 0.05). Treatment with OVA and PNA significantly induced plasma histamine concentrations (p < 0.05). The PCA demonstrated the presence of allergen-specific IgE in the serum of previously sensitized and challenged mice. Conclusions Immunological profiles indicate that the allergen dosages used are sufficient to sensitize the BALB/c mice and to conduct transcriptome profiling. Microarray studies identified several differentially expressed genes in the sensitization phase of the food allergy. These findings will help to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of food allergen sensitizations and may be useful in identifying the potential biomarkers of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Husain
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Schouten B, van Esch BC, van Thuijl AO, Blokhuis BR, Groot Kormelink T, Hofman GA, Moro GE, Boehm G, Arslanoglu S, Sprikkelman AB, Willemsen LE, Knippels LM, Redegeld FA, Garssen J. Contribution of IgE and immunoglobulin free light chain in the allergic reaction to cow's milk proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Noh J, Lee JH, Noh G, Bang SY, Kim HS, Choi WS, Cho S, Lee SS. Characterisation of allergen-specific responses of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Br1) in Cow Milk Allergy. Cell Immunol 2010; 264:143-9. [PMID: 20646682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD19+CD5+ regulatory B cells regulate immune responses by producing IL-10. IL-10-producing regulatory B cell (Br1) responses by allergen stimulation were investigated in human food allergy. Six milk allergy patients and eight milk-tolerant subjects were selected according to DBPCFC. PBMCs were stimulated by casein in vitro and stained for intracellular IL-10 and apoptosis. In response to allergen stimulation, Br1 decreased from 26.2+/-18.3 to 15.5+/-8.9% (p=0.031, n=6) in the milk allergy group and increased from 15.4+/-9.0 to 23.7+/-11.2% (p=0.023, n=8) in the milk-tolerant group. Apoptotic non-IL-10-producing regulatory B cells increased from 21.8+/-9.3 to 38.0+/-16.1% (p=0.031, n=6) in the milk allergy group and unchanged from 28.8+/-13.8 to 28.0+/-15.0% (p=0.844, n=8) in the milk-tolerant group. Br1 may be involved in the immune tolerance of food allergies by producing IL-10 and simultaneously undergoing apoptosis in humans. The exact roles for Br1 in immune tolerance needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyong Noh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Fiocchi A, Brozek J, Schünemann H, Bahna SL, von Berg A, Beyer K, Bozzola M, Bradsher J, Compalati E, Ebisawa M, Guzman MA, Li H, Heine RG, Keith P, Lack G, Landi M, Martelli A, Rancé F, Sampson H, Stein A, Terracciano L, Vieths S. World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines. World Allergy Organ J 2010; 3:57-161. [PMID: 23268426 PMCID: PMC3488907 DOI: 10.1097/wox.0b013e3181defeb9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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28
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Lee JH, Noh J, Noh G, Kim HS, Mun SH, Choi WS, Cho S, Lee S. Allergen-specific B cell subset responses in cow’s milk allergy of late eczematous reactions in atopic dermatitis. Cell Immunol 2010; 262:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Cudowska B, Kaczmarski M. Atopowe testy płatkowe w diagnostyce alergii pokarmowej typu późnego u dzieci. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3939(08)70283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Chang TW, Wu PC, Hsu CL, Hung AF. Anti-IgE antibodies for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Adv Immunol 2007; 93:63-119. [PMID: 17383539 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(06)93002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological purposes of the anti-IgE therapy are to neutralize IgE and to inhibit its production to attenuate type I hypersensitivity reactions. The therapy is based on humanized IgG1 antibodies that bind to free IgE and to membrane-bound IgE on B cells, but not to IgE bound by the high-affinity IgE.Fc receptors on basophils and mast cells or by the low-affinity IgE.Fc receptors on B cells. After nearly 20 years since inception, therapeutic anti-IgE antibodies (anti-IgE) have been studied in about 30 Phase II and III clinical trials in many allergy indications, and a lead antibody, omalizumab, has been approved for treating patients (12 years and older) with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. Anti-IgE has confirmed the roles of IgE in the pathogenesis of asthma and helped define the concept "allergic asthma" in clinical practice. It has been shown to be safe and efficacious in treating pediatric allergic asthma and treating allergic rhinitis and is being investigated for treating peanut allergy, atopic dermatitis, latex allergy, and others. It has potential for use to combine with specific and rush immunotherapy for increased safety and efficacy. Anti-IgE thus appears to provide a prophylactic and therapeutic option for moderate to severe cases of many allergic diseases and conditions in which IgE plays a significant role. This chapter reviews the evolution of the anti-IgE concept and the clinical studies of anti-IgE on various disease indications, and presents a comprehensive analysis on the multiple intricate immunoregulatory pharmacological effects of anti-IgE. Finally, it reviews other approaches that target IgE or IgE-expressing B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse Wen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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31
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White JML, Goon ATJ, Jowsey IR, Basketter DA, Mak RKH, Kimber I, McFadden JP. Oral tolerance to contact allergens: a common occurrence? A review. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 56:247-54. [PMID: 17441845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical oral tolerance to contact allergens has been reported sporadically, most notably in respect of nickel, and is generally assumed to be an uncommon phenomenon. There has recently been increased understanding of the immunological mechanisms inducing and maintaining oral tolerance. There are several contact allergens, including fragrance, antioxidant, and preservative chemicals, to which subjects are exposed through both cutaneous and oral routes. We examine the possibility that oral tolerance to contact allergens may be more common than previously thought. Animal models of oral tolerance to contact allergens indicate that cutaneous exposure to small, subsensitizing doses of contact allergens might negate any subsequent attempts to induce tolerance by oral administration. Extrapolating these observations to common human practises raises the possibility that application of contact allergens (fragrances, preservatives and antioxidants) in consumer products used by children could prevent or inhibit the later acquisition of specific tolerance resulting from 'natural' dietary exposure after weaning. Existing data on formaldehyde may conflict with this theory, though this could be explained by allergen specificity. We propose that further work in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M L White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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32
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Millis RM, Offiah GU. Dietary protein deficiency in pregnant mice and offspring. Life Sci 2006; 80:1184-8. [PMID: 17257627 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest an association between dermal contact hypersensitivity and preterm delivery. We hypothesized that dietary protein deficiency produces cell-mediated immune hypersensitivity in pregnant animals and their offspring akin to those known to produce tissue damage. We compared the effects of feeding a 20% protein diet (controls) to those of feeding a 10% protein (deficient) diet ad libitum to pregnant BALB/c mice. We measured dermal contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) by the increment in ear skin thickness (swelling) 72 h after immunization and parity by the number of viable pups delivered. Dams fed the protein-deficient diet ingested less food, gained less weight and delivered fewer viable pups than the dams fed the control diet. Greater DNFB-stimulated increment in ear skin thickness was found in the protein-deficient mothers and in their offspring than in the control mothers and their offspring. We conclude that dietary protein deficiency limits parity and induces immune hypersensitivity. These findings suggest the potential for dietary protein deficiency to activate a T-cell-mediated branch of the immune response that may put pregnant animals at risk for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Millis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, United States.
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Barrios CS, Kurup VP, Rickaby DA, Henderson JD, Fink JN, Kelly KJ. Gastro-Intestinal Exposure to Latex Antigens Induce Allergic Responses in Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:158-67. [PMID: 16899983 DOI: 10.1159/000094894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural rubber latex (NRL) has emerged as a major cause of respiratory allergy among specific exposed groups of individuals. Since latex allergens are dispersed in the environment it is conceivable that latex proteins are both inhaled and ingested. The mechanism of latex allergy and the immune responses following reexposure of latex allergens by the intranasal route was studied in a murine model of latex allergy developed by intragastric sensitization with NRL. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized intragastrically ('ig'), intranasally ('in') or 'ig' followed by 'in' challenge with NRL allergens. The cellular and humoral immune responses, lung function and histological changes were determined. RESULTS Peripheral blood eosinophilia was observed in the 'ig' and 'ig/in'-NRL-sensitized animals in comparison to normal controls (p < 0.05). The 'ig' group showed a marked increase over control mice in serum total IgE, NRL-specific IgG and IgG subclasses (p < 0.05). Increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were detected in 'ig'-NRL-sensitized mice. Intranasal exposure with NRL after 'ig' sensitization further enhanced the cytokine levels. A tendency towards enhanced stimulation was determined in 'ig'-sensitized mice; a significant difference was shown in the 'ig/in'-group (p < 0.05). Increased airway hyperreactivity was found in 'ig'-NRL-sensitized-mice (15.1 +/- 2.5 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.7 cm H2O x ml(-1) x s, p < 0.05). Mucus secretion from jejunal epithelium and eosinophilic infiltration into the jejunal lamina propria were observed in the 'ig'-NRL-sensitized-mice. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that intragastric NRL sensitization did not induce specific tolerance, and additional intranasal exposure with latex allergens resulted in systemic allergic manifestations in the murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy S Barrios
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disease has currently reached epidemic proportions, with a high percentage of individuals in the developed world exhibiting an allergic response after exposure to some common environmental factors. Although new strategies for the treatment and management of allergic diseases have decreased the mortality rate, a high percentage of affected persons still require frequent hospitalization and experience decreased quality of life. METHODS An internet-based literature search was performed for recent contributions on the underlying mechanisms provoking an allergic response and their potential for therapeutic approaches. RESULTS Novel concepts on allergic responses have emerged: allergic disease may result from an imbalance between allergen activation of regulatory T cells and effector T helper 2 cells (Th2), a process in which dendritic cells are key players. Cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-21, IL-25, and human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) seem to be important contributors in allergic processes. New data on IgE effector responses and on the IgE-independent mechanisms involved in allergic reactions have resolved some unanswered questions about these reactions. CONCLUSIONS These new findings on allergic diseases have important implications for diagnosis and management, with potential improvements in prevention and treatment, which could provide a cure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Montero Vega
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a complex disorder. Numerous milk proteins have been implicated in allergic responses and most of these have been shown to contain multiple allergenic epitopes. There is considerable heterogeneity amongst allergic individuals for the particular proteins and epitopes to which they react, and to further complicate matters, allergic reactions to cow's milk are driven by more than one immunological mechanism. Finally, the incidence and dominant allergic mechanisms change with age, with IgE-mediated reactions common in infancy and non-IgE-mediated reactions dominating in adults. The complexity of CMA has lead to many public misconceptions about this disorder, including confusion with lactose intolerance and frequent self-misdiagnosis. Indeed, the prevalence of self-diagnosed CMA in the community is 10-fold higher than the clinically proven incidence, suggesting a sizable population is unnecessarily eschewing dairy products. Avoidance of dairy foods, whether for true or perceived CMA, carries with it nutritional consequences and the provision of appropriate nutritional advice is important. In this review, the epidemiology and natural course of CMA is discussed along with our current understanding of its triggers and immunological mechanisms. We examine current strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of allergic sensitization and the ongoing search for effective therapies to ultimately cure CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross G Crittenden
- Food Science Australia, Private Bag 16, Werribee VIC 3030, Australia.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000168798.22110.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bahna SL, Mayer CW. Food allergy: manifestations, diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2005; 1:133-143. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Food allergy and atopic dermatitis often occur in the same patient. Based on clinical data from the past few decades, it is clear that foods such as cow's milk and hen's eggs can directly provoke flares of atopic dermatitis particularly in sensitized infants, whereas inhaled allergens and pollen-related foods are of greater importance in older children, adolescents and adults. Because the role and immunology of food allergy in atopic dermatitis remain controversial, here we review data that mainly focus on skin eczema and food allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical studies have revealed that more than 50% of all children with atopic dermatitis that can be exacerbated by certain foods will react with a worsening of skin eczema alone or in addition to immediate symptoms. Adolescents and adults also react to foods, but reactions to 'classical' food allergens such as hen's eggs and cow's milk are not as common as in childhood. Subgroups of children and of adults with atopic dermatitis do, however, react to pollen-associated foods. Both immunoglobulin E associated and independent T-cell mediated responses appear to be involved in clinical eczematous reactions. SUMMARY Food-induced eczema should be diagnosed only by a thorough diagnostic procedure, taking into account the patient's history, the degree of sensitization and the clinical relevance of the sensitization. More clinical and immunological studies are needed to unravel the pathophysiology and the different rates of clinical responsiveness to different foodstuffs in patients with atopic dermatitis.
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Bordignon V, Sinagra JL, Trento E, Pietravalle M, Capitanio B, Cordiali Fei P. Antigen specific cytokine response in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:113-20. [PMID: 15787867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiopathology of atopic dermatitis (AD) has still to be elucidated. T effector cells with cutaneous homing receptors or T-cell derived cytokines have been assumed to be implicated in the pathogenetic mechanisms in AD and to be responsible for the different immunologic responses of patients. In fact, the large majority of AD patients display high IgE levels while others do not develop an abnormal IgE response. Although, there are not significant clinical features characterizing the two different groups, patients with normal IgE belong to a younger age range, raising the possibility that the hypothesized dichotomy of AD might be due to age. In the present study we included 172 outpatient children attending the Pediatric Department of our institution. Serum IgE levels and percentages of peripheral T lymphocytes expressing the cutaneous homing antigen (CLA) were evaluated and results were analyzed in relation to the activity of the disease (SCORAD index) or age. In the overall patients, the IgE levels increased significantly with age (0-1 yr: 19.50 IU/ml; 1-3 yr: 62.0 IU/ml; 3-8 yr: 96.0 IU/ml; >8 yr: 148.5 IU/ml; p<0.001) and with the severity of the disease (SCORAD low: 46.80 IU/ml; medium: 42.90 IU/ml; high: 148.5 IU/ml; p=0.01). Percentages of CLA+ peripheral T lymphocytes also increased with age (0-1 yr: 3.3; 1-3 yr: 4.85; 3-8 yr: 10.6; >8 yr: 12.5; p<0.001), although they were not significantly different in patients with different SCORAD (p=0.89). We further investigated the cellular immune response to a specific antigen in 25 subjects, matched for age, SCORAD, and CLA+ T-cell percentages. Among them, 13 patients had casein serum specific IgE and 12 had no evidence of casein sensitization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were kept in short-term culture with endotoxin-free casein fractions and IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-10 cytokine-producing cells were detected by ELISpot. Statistical analysis showed significant higher numbers of TNF-alpha- or IL-10-producing cultures (stimulation index >3) in the 'allergic' patients than in the milk tolerant subjects (p=0.01 and 0.05). The analysis of individual responses confirmed this finding but also provide evidence of a significant increase in IFN-gamma-producing cells (p=0.05) induced by casein stimulation in the group of 'non-allergic' children. Our data showed that immunologic parameters as IgE levels or CLA+ T cells in AD pediatric patients are influenced by the age, confirming that age could represent a bias in the analysis of immune response in those patients. Although, we demonstrated in children with AD the existence of different cytokine patterns of the lymphocyte response that could account for the different immunologic features between the two hypothesized forms of AD, which are not dependent on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bordignon
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, San Gallicano IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Bellanti JA, Sabra A, Zeligs BJ. Gastrointestinal immunopathology and food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 93:S26-32. [PMID: 15562871 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the current data that support the pivotal function of the gastrointestinal immune system in health and disease and its critical role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of clinical disorders associated with food allergy (FA). DATA SOURCES Internet-based literature search and our own data. STUDY SELECTION The studies included in this review were selected based on the expert opinion of the authors. RESULTS In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA. A classification of clinical disorders associated with FA based on classic mechanisms of immunologic injury is presented, which includes the following: (1) IgE-mediated, (2) non-IgE-mediated, and (3) mixed IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders. Our study of immunologic disturbance in patients with non-IgE FA revealed a pattern of increased CD4+ and decreased TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast to patients with celiac disease, where a pattern of increased CD8+ and TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increased CD8+ cell counts was seen. CONCLUSIONS The gastrointestinal immune response thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining protective immunity in health and a critical role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of clinical disorders associated with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics, the International Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Abstract
Food allergies afflict 4-8% of the children and are associated with clinical and familial burdens. The management of food allergy was improved during the last year. Firstly, early diagnosis should lead to early proper treatment. Recommendations were done by the paediatricians group of the EAACI. Diagnosis and outcome of food allergies were improved by the predictive values of in vitro specific IgE testing. The cut-off level permits diagnosis and follow-up of these individual patients. Until newer therapies available, strict food avoidance is needed. Future therapies under investigation include the reduction of IgE by the infusion of anti-IgE antibodies, immunotherapy with mutated proteins or engineered hypoallergenic food. Murine model was developed, and results were encouraging. Intervention efforts must be instituted early in life and primary prevention of food allergy was stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rancé
- Service d'allergologie-pneumologie, hôpital des Enfants, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31026 cedex Toulouse, France.
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