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Panahi Hassan Barough S, Suárez-Rodríguez M, Aspbury AS, Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Gabor CR. Hormonal dynamics of matrotrophy vs. lecithotrophy in live-bearing fish reproduction. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111699. [PMID: 39004302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
We explored the relationship between gestational states, fecundity, and steroid hormone levels in three species of live-bearing fish with different maternal provisioning strategies. We studied two lecithotrophic species, Gambusia affinis and Xiphophorus couchianus, where embryos feed exclusively on yolk stored in the eggs, and one matrotrophic species, Heterandria formosa, which actively transfers nutrients to embryos through a follicular placenta. We measured water-borne cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone along with brood size (fecundity) and gestational stage(s). We examined the physiological costs of both maternal provisioning modes. Matrotrophy likely imposes energetic demands due to active nutrient transfer, while lecithotrophy may incur costs from carrying many large embryos. We hypothesized that fecundity, gestational stage, and hormones would covary differently in lecithotrophic vs. matrotrophic species. We found no relationships between hormones and fecundity or gestational stage in any species. However, in H. formosa, we found a positive relationship between estradiol levels and female mass, and a negative relationship between progesterone levels and female mass indicating a change in the circulating levels of both hormones as females grow. We observed differences in average hormone levels among species: the matrotrophic species had higher progesterone and lower estradiol compared to lecithotrophic species. Higher estradiol in lecithotrophic species may relate to egg yolk formation, while placental structures could play a role in progesterone production in matrotrophic species. Elevated cortisol in H. formosa suggests either higher energetic costs or a preparative role for reproduction. Our findings highlight progesterone's importance in maintaining gestation in matrotrophic species, like other placental species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monserrat Suárez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Andrea S Aspbury
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - José Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Caitlin R Gabor
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; The Institue for Molecular Life Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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Eslamizadeh E, Mabudi H, Roomiani L, Javaheri Baboli M, Chelehmal Dezfulnejad M. Effects of thyroxin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on reproductive physiology of Rohu (Labeo rohita): Insights into spawning performance, oocyte maturation, steroidogenesis, and follicular development genes. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 267:107542. [PMID: 38954933 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
As the global aquaculture industry grows, attention is increasingly turning towards assisted reproductive technologies. In this study, we examined the impact of D-Ala6, Pro9-Net-mGnRH (LHRHa: 0.4 mL/kg) and two doses (1 and 10 μg/kg fish) of thyroxin (T4) administered through a single injection on oocyte maturation, spawning performance, sex steroid hormone levels, as well as the expression of genes related to steroidogenesis and follicle development (ZP2, Cyp19a1a and SF-1) in Rohu (Labeo rohita). The study found that untreated female Rohu did not spawn, while those treated with LHRHa and thyroxin ovulated and spawned across a hormonal gradient. The highest spawning success was observed with a thyroxin dosage of 10 µg/kg (no significant change with a dose of 1 μg/kg), and female latency period decreased with increasing dosage. Additionally, females treated with thyroxin exhibited significantly higher fecundity than other experimental groups. Treatment with LHRHa and two doses of thyroxin significantly increased the gonadal somatic index compared to the control and sham groups. Hormonal treatment also led to increased fertilization success, hatching rate, and larval survival. At 12 h post-injection, females treated with thyroxin exhibited a significant decline in estradiol levels and expression of Zp2, Cyp19a1a, and SF-1 compared to other experimental groups. Levels of DHP significantly increased across the hormonal gradient. Histological analyses supported a steroidogenic shift, where oocyte maturation was accelerated by hormone administration, particularly with both doses of thyroxin. In conclusion, the findings suggest that thyroxin is a recommended treatment for assisted reproduction of Rohu due to its ability to induce spawning, increase fecundity and improve larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Eslamizadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadideh Mabudi
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Laleh Roomiani
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mojdeh Chelehmal Dezfulnejad
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; Aquaculture Research Center, Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
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3
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Liang YQ, Zhong L, Jiang M, Lu M, Li C, Dong Z, Lin Z. Physiological and transcriptional effects in the male western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) following exposure to dexamethasone. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114722. [PMID: 36870310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely found in a variety of aquatic environments and has potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. This study was to assess the toxic effects of exposure to different concentrations (0, 5 and 50 μg/L) of DEX for 60 days on adult male mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Morphological analyses of skeleton and anal fin, histological effects of testes and livers, and transcriptional expression levels of genes related to reproductive and immune system were determined. The results showed that exposure to DEX significantly increased 14L and 14D values of hemal spines, which suggested DEX could affect skeleton development and result in more masculine characteristics in male fish. In addition, the damage to testis and liver tissue was observed after DEX treatment. It also enhanced mRNA expression of Erβ gene in the brain and Hsd11b1 gene in the testis. The findings of this study reveal physiological and transcriptional effects of DEX on male mosquitofish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Lishan Zhong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Mixue Lu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
| | - Zhong Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
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Lei B, Peng W, Li W, Yu Y, Xu J, Wang Y. Diethylstilbestrol at environmental levels affects the development of early life stage and target gene expression in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:563-573. [PMID: 26908245 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biologic effects of DES on the early life and adult life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were evaluated. At the early life stage, the fertilized eggs were exposed to 1-1000 ng/L diethylstilbestrol (DES) for 15 days and the hatched larvae were continually exposed to the same concentrations for an additional 25 days. Significant adverse effects on hatchability, time to hatching and mortality rate occurred at DES concentrations of 100 and 1000 ng/L, while the abnormality (scoliosis and abdominal swelling) rate was significantly increased at 10 ng/L and above. After exposure, the fish were maintained in charcoal-dechlorinated tap water for a further 30 days. Only the male gonadosomatic index (GSI) at 1000 ng/L was significantly increased. At concentrations greater than 1 ng/L, estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA in both sexes and vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) mRNA in males were significantly down-regulated; while Vtg-I mRNA in females was significantly up-regulated. When sexually mature medaka were exposed to 10 and 1000 ng/L DES for 21 days, only the GSI in females was significantly decreased at 1000 ng/L. At 10 and 1000 ng/L, ERα mRNA in both sexes was significantly down-regulated, while Vtg-I mRNA in males was significantly up-regulated. These findings showed that DES at the environmental concentration of 10 ng/L can affect the early life stage development of medaka and alter liver ERα and Vtg-I gene expression. Therefore, if we only focused on these sensitive toxicity endpoints such as ERα and Vtg-I mRNA expression, DES has a strong estrogenic effect on Japanese medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Han J, Wang Q, Wang X, Li Y, Wen S, Liu S, Ying G, Guo Y, Zhou B. The synthetic progestin megestrol acetate adversely affects zebrafish reproduction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:66-72. [PMID: 24647012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic progestins contaminate the aquatic ecosystem, and may cause adverse health effects on aquatic organisms. Megestrol acetate (MTA) is present in the aquatic environment, but its possible effects on fish reproduction are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the endocrine disruption and impact of MTA on fish reproduction. After a pre-exposure period of 14 days, reproductively mature zebrafish (Danio rerio) (F0) were exposed to MTA at environmental concentrations (33, 100, 333, and 666 ng/L) for 21 days. Egg production was decreased in F0 fish exposed to MTA, with a significant decrease at 666 ng/L. The exposure significantly decreased the circulating concentrations of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in female fish or 11-keto testosterone (11-KT) in male fish. MTA exposure significantly downregulated the transcription of certain genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. MTA did not affect early embryonic development or hatching success in the F1 generation. The present study showed that MTA is a potent endocrine disruptor in fish, and short-term exposure to MTA could significantly affect reproduction in fish and negatively impact the fish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Guangguo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Falahatkar B, Poursaeid S, Meknatkhah B, Khara H, Efatpanah I. Long-term effects of intraperitoneal injection of estradiol-17β on the growth and physiology of juvenile stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:365-373. [PMID: 23990284 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus were intraperitoneally injected with estradiol-17β (E2; 0 and 5 mg/kg fish) to investigate the possibility of sex reversal and also determine the changes in biochemical parameters. Five-month-old fish (40.9 ± 1.1 g) were injected every 3-week interval during a 190-day trial. At the termination of the experiment, final weight and other growth parameters including weight gain and specific growth rate, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were not affected by repetitive injection of E2. Hematological features of E2-treated fish showed significant reductions in number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in number of white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P > 0.05). Calcium, phosphorus, glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, total protein and estradiol concentrations were significantly increased in fish injected with E2 (P < 0.001). Plasma progesterone and testosterone levels were noticeably lower in fish injected with 5 mg/kg E2 rather than the control fish (P < 0.001). Histological observations of gonads showed that all fish injected with 5 mg/kg E2 apparently feminized, while 66.6 % of the control group was female. These results revealed that the injection of E2 is an effective method for feminization of stellate sturgeon without having significant inhibitory effects on growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P. O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran,
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7
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Chishti YZ, Feswick A, Martyniuk CJ. Progesterone increases ex vivo testosterone production and decreases the expression of progestin receptors and steroidogenic enzymes in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ovary. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 199:16-25. [PMID: 24462459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a metabolic precursor for a number of steroids, including estrogens and androgens. P4 also has diverse roles within the vertebrate ovary that include oocyte growth and development. The objectives of this study were to measure the effects of P4 on testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) production in the fathead minnow (FHM) ovary and on the mRNA abundance of transcripts involved in steroidogenesis and steroid receptor signaling. Ovary explants were treated with P4 (10(-6)M) for 6 and 12h. P4 administration significantly increased T production ∼3-fold at both 6 and 12h, whereas E2 production was not affected, consistent with the hypothesis that excess P4 is not converted to terminal estrogens in the mature ovary. Nuclear progesterone receptor mRNA was decreased at 6h and membrane progesterone receptor gamma-2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated at both 6 and 12h; however there was no change in membrane progesterone receptor alpha or beta mRNA levels. Androgen receptor (ar) and estrogen receptor 2a (esr2a) mRNA were significantly reduced at 6h with P4 treatment, but there was no change in esr2b mRNA at either time point. Transcripts for enzymes in the steroid pathway (star, hsd11b2) were significantly lower at 6h compared to controls, whereas cyp17a and cyp19a mRNA abundance did not change with treatments at either time point. These data suggest that P4 incubation can lead to increased T production in the FHM ovary without a concomitant change in E2, and that the membrane bound progestin receptors are differentially regulated by P4 in the teleost ovary. As environmental progestins have received increased attention due to their suspected role as endocrine disruptors, mechanistic data on the role of exogenous P4 treatments in the male and female gonad is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Z Chishti
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - April Feswick
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Lei B, Kang J, Yu Y, Zha J, Li W, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wen Y. Long-term exposure investigating the estrogenic potency of estriol in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 160:86-92. [PMID: 24230975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth, development, and ERα and Vtg-I gene expressions of Japanese ricefish (Oryzias latipes; medaka) exposed to different concentrations of estriol (E3), including one environmentally relevant concentration, during embryo-adult life stages were evaluated. At the early life stage, fertilized eggs were exposed to 5, 50, 500, 5000ng/L E3 for 15days, and the hatched fry were exposed continuously to the same concentrations for an additional 15days. Exposure to 500 and 5000ng/L E3 resulted in adverse effects on hatchability and time to hatching. At 5000ng/L, the gross abnormality rate was increased and the number of females that hatched was twice that of males. When the fish were exposed to 5-5000ng/L E3 for further 60days, the male hepatosomatic index (HSI) was increased at 5000ng/L. The female gonadosomatic index (GSI) was decreased at 500 and 5000ng/L E3, while the male GSI at 5000ng/L E3 was increased and sex reversal was also found at this concentration. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the hepatic vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) genes were up-regulated in females at 500 and 5000ng/L E3 and in males at all E3 concentrations, whereas E3 did not affect estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA transcription. These results showed that E3 at environmental concentration of 5ng/L has no adverse effects on growth and development of the Japanese medaka. However, in this study, if we only focused on Vtg gene change in males, E3 had strong estrogenic effects on male medaka under the conditions of these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jia Kang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yipei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Lei B, Wen Y, Wang X, Zha J, Li W, Wang Z, Sun Y, Kang J, Wang Y. Effects of estrone on the early life stages and expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor genes of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1104-1110. [PMID: 23830040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fertilized eggs of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to estrone (E1) at 5-5000 ng L(-1) for 15 d, and the hatched fry were exposed continuously to the same concentrations for the additional 15 d. Adverse effects on hatchability, time to hatching, and gross abnormalities occurred at 50 ng L(-1) or above. Then the fry were divided into a continual exposure group, and a water recovery group. When the fry were exposed to E1 for another 60 d, there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males and the influence disappeared in the water recovery group. The gonadosonatic index (GSI) of females at 500 ng L(-1) decreased significantly in another 60 d exposure. While the fry were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for 60 d, a significant decrease in female GSI was observed at 50 ng L(-1) or above. An increased GSI was found in males in both continual exposure and water recovery groups at all E1 treatments. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) gene expressions in the female liver were significantly down-regulated at 50 ng L(-1) in the continual exposure group, and at 500 ng L(-1) in the water recovery group, while male Vtg-I genes were significantly up-regulated for all E1 treatments. In addition, all E1 treatments caused sex reversal of males. These results suggest that E1 at 5 ng L(-1) or above have unrecoverable impacts on the gonadal growth and development of medaka, even if only early life stages were exposed to E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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10
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Weber DN, Ghorai JK. Experimental Design Affects Social Behavior Outcomes in Adult Zebrafish Developmentally Exposed to Lead. Zebrafish 2013; 10:294-302. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Weber
- Children's Environmental Health Sciences Core Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jugal K. Ghorai
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Lei B, Kang J, Yu Y, Zha J, Li W, Wang Z. β-estradiol 17-valerate affects embryonic development and sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 134-135:128-134. [PMID: 23608700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
β-estradiol 17-valerate (EV) is a synthetic estrogen widely used in combination with other steroid hormones in hormone replacement therapy drugs and is detected in natural waters. Although EV is known as an estrogenic chemical, there is still a lack of data on its developmental and reproductive toxicities in fish following exposure to EV during embryo-larval-, juvenile- and adult-life stages in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). At the early life stage, the fertilized eggs of medaka were exposed to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/L EV for 15 days, and hatched larval fish were continually exposed to the same concentration range for an additional 15 days. The results showed that exposure to 10 ng/L or above resulted in adverse effects on hatchability and time to hatching, and the number of hatched females was twice that of males at 10 ng/L or above. When the hatched fish were continually exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ng/L of EV for another 40 days, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was increased in both males and females, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was decreased in females, and increased in males. Sex reversal was found in fish exposed to 1 ng/L and above. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and vitellogenin-I (VTG-I) in the liver of females were significantly down-regulated, while those of vitellogenin-I (VTG-I) in the liver of males were significantly up-regulated at all concentrations. These findings suggest that EV is a reproductive toxicant and estrogenic chemical in both male and female fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution, Health, College of Enviornmental, Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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12
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Huang GY, Ying GG, Liang YQ, Liu YS, Liu SS. Effects of steroid hormones on reproduction- and detoxification-related gene expression in adult male mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:36-43. [PMID: 23665278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that mediate fish reproduction and detoxification in response to steroid hormones were studied by using adult male western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as sentinel species. The expression patterns of three vitellogenins (VtgA, VtgB and VtgC), two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), two androgen receptors (ARα and ARβ), metallothionein (MT) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) in the liver and testis of adult male mosquitofish were assessed through exposure treatments with progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2), alone and in combination for eight days. The results showed that expression patterns of Vtg subtype, ER subtype, AR subtype, MT and CYP1A genes in male mosquitofish varied according to tissue and specific hormone stress. Vtg subtype mRNA expression was induced in the liver in E2-added treatments, and an up-regulation of ERα mRNA expression was also observed. In addition, hormone treatments increased three Vtg subtype mRNA expression levels in the testis, at least to some extent. All hormone treatments significantly inhibited ERα, ERβ and ARβ mRNA expression in the testis. Some of hormone treatments could affect MT and CYP1A gene expression in mosquitofish. In general, multiple hormone treatments showed different effects on target gene expression compared with corresponding hormone alone. The results from the present study provided valuable information on the toxicological effects of steroid hormones in mosquitofish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Amutha C, Subramanian P. Cadmium alters the reproductive endocrine disruption and enhancement of growth in the early and adult stages of Oreochromis mossambicus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:351-361. [PMID: 22903387 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) traces are able to promote growth (growth promoter) and induce early maturation in Oreochromis mossambicus fries of both sexes, whereas, in the adults, they degenerate the gonads and their function. The gathered data on length-weight relation, gonado-somatic index, hepato-somatic index, egg numbers and reproductive hormones such as gonadotropins (GtH-I and GtH-II) and gonadial hormones such as progesterone, testosterone and estradiol levels all prove Cd as an endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amutha
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
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Espinosa E, Josa A, Gil L, Malo C, Mitjana O. Comparing Sex Steroid Levels During the Annual Cycles of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diploid Female (XX) and Triploid Female (XXX) Genotypic Sex. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:149-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shi D, Wen HS, He F, Li JF, Yang YP, Chen CF, Zhang JR, Chen XY, Jin GX, Shi B, Qi BX, Li N. The physiology functions of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in reproduction cycle of ovoviviparous black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf. Steroids 2011; 76:1597-608. [PMID: 22005200 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper revealed the expression pattern of ERα in the ovoviviparous teleost, Sebastes schlegeli. In this paper, we isolated the cDNA encoding for estrogen receptor alpha of black rockfish (S. schlegeli) from its ovary, named as black rockfish ERα (brfERα). The cDNA sequence of brfERα consists of 2972bp with an open reading frame encoding a 624 amino acid putative protein which exhibits high identities with other teleosts'. The tissue distribution of brfERα mRNA was examined using RT-PCR. BrfERα showed generally expressions in most tissues of female black rockfish, besides, the higher degree of expressions were seen in ovary, liver, duodenum and fat, whereas it had a more restricted distribution in male fish. In ovary, the expression level of brfERα was as similar as the serum levels of E2 and P in female. However, it was a different situation in male, where the serum concentration of E2 showed higher levels after spermiation and Serum concentration of P did not show any significant changes during a year. Based on the present study, it is supposed that brfERα plays an important role in ovary and other target organs during the reproductive cycle, Further studies will focus on the transcriptional regulation and localization of brfERα in gonad in order to get a better understand of the physiological function of brfERα in ovoviviparous teleost. This study indicates that the black rockfish may be a good candidate for understanding the mechanism of estrogen in ovoviviparous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shi
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Hala D, Overturf M, Petersen L, Huggett D. Quantification of 2-hydrazinopyridine derivatized steroid hormones in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) blood plasma using LC-ESI+/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:591-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Espinosa E, Josa A, Gil L, González N. Sex Steroid Levels in XY Males and Sex-Reversed XX Males, of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), During the Reproductive Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:8-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Orrego R, McMaster M, Van Der Kraak G, Holdway D. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent extractives on aromatase CYP19a gene expression and sex steroid levels in juvenile triploid rainbow trout. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 97:353-360. [PMID: 20129681 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated plasma testosterone (T) and 17beta-estradiol (E2) levels and ovarian aromatase CYP19a gene expression following a single intraperitoneal injection of Chilean pulp and paper mill effluent extracts into juvenile triploid rainbow trout. Fish injected with untreated effluent extracts had increased plasma T after 4 days, while plasma E2 concentration was increased in fish injected with both primary and secondary treated effluent extracts at the same sampling period. Ovarian CYP19a gene expression as measured by qRT-PCR was significantly induced in fish injected with the untreated, primary and secondary treated pulp and paper mill effluent extracts. Similar induction of CYP19a expression was found in fish injected with the androgens androstenedione (ADD) and T. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted in order to identify structure in relationships between all measured variables and identifying which factors were most responsible for the variance observed within the plasma steroid levels, upregulation of ovarian CYP19a gene expression and the final estrogenic effect of increased plasma VTG levels. This analysis indicated a cluster correlation between plasma T levels and CYP19a gene expression (Factor 1, explaining 27.2% of total variance), a cluster including condition factor and liver somatic index (Factor 2, explaining 17.3%) and an additional cluster including plasma E2 and vitellogenin levels (Factor 3, explaining an additional 15.8%). The present results indicate that Chilean pulp and paper mill effluent extracts cause estrogenic effects in triploid rainbow trout. These effects could be related to the compounds present in the effluent that act as estrogen receptor agonists, or that induce changes leading to increased amounts of endogenous estrogens, reflected by increased E2 levels and induced aromatase expression/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Orrego
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada L1H7K4.
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Vetillard A, Ferriere F, Jego P, Bailhache T. Regulation of salmon gonadotrophin-releasing hormone gene expression by sex steroids in rainbow trout brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2006; 18:445-53. [PMID: 16684134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salmon gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) is the major form of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in the brain of Salmonids and is encoded by two different genes: sGnRH1 and sGnRH2. In the present study, we examined the expression patterns of these two genes during development and throughout the reproductive cycle of the female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and also investigated the feedback action of sex steroids on brain mRNA levels. Both genes are expressed as early as 14 days postfertilisation and show a similar expression pattern during early life stages. In the adult female, sGnRH1 and sGnRH2 mRNAs are both present in neurones located in the ventral forebrain. This gene expression in the brain appears to be low during early vitellogenesis, and increases during oocyte maturation to reach a maximum after ovulation. The expression of sGnRH1 was not modified by in vivo steroid treatments in any experiment; however, testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone down-regulate brain sGnRH2 gene in immature and adult ovariectomised females. Oestradiol treatment decreases sGnRH2 mRNA levels in the brain of adult ovariectomised females only. In the triploid fish brain, none of the steroids affect brain sGnRH mRNA levels. Our results suggest that, unlike sGnRH1, the sGnRH2 gene is under a strongly androgenic inhibitory control in the immature and adult female rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vetillard
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Jung JH, Jeon JK, Han CH. Effects of 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) on plasma sex steroids and vitellogenin in rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 140:295-9. [PMID: 15946634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the estrogenic effect of 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) on the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. We measured levels of plasma estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and testosterone (T) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma concentrations of T and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in female and male fish injected with PCB 153 using two dosages (0.16 mg/kg body weight. and 0.57 mg/kg) did not differ significantly between sexes or from sham-injected controls of the same sex. Plasma concentrations of E(2) in females injected with PCB 153 (both levels) increased at 12 and 24 h. Concentrations of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) in females increased 72 h after injection with PCB 153 and reached 0.38 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. No VTG was detected in males injected with the same dosage. These results suggest that PCB 153 may lead to the production VTG in female rockfish through a synergistic effect with E(2), resulting in indirect disruption of the aromatization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Jung
- Division of Life Science, Dong-eui Univ., Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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Rademacher DJ, Weber DN, Hillard CJ. Waterborne Lead Exposure Affects Brain Endocannabinoid Content in Male but not Female Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas). Neurotoxicology 2005; 26:9-15. [PMID: 15527869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several similarities between the behavioral and neurochemical effects of lead (Pb2+) and the cannabinoids. Both Pb2+ exposure and cannabinoid treatment decrease exploratory behavior. Pb2+-induced hyperactivity has been observed in rats and fish. By comparison, cannabinoids increase locomotor activity at higher doses in rats. Moreover, Pb2+ exposure produces learning and memory impairments as do the cannabinoids. Many of the behavioral effects of Pb2+ are thought to be due, in part, to the ability of Pb2+ to either inhibit or mimic the actions of calcium (Ca2+). At low concentrations, Pb2+ enhances basal release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals by increasing intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations. Pb2+ also decreases evoked neurotransmitter release due to blockade of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, the endocannabinoids (eCBs) including N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) are synthesized in response to increases in intracellular Ca2+ and activate the CB1 receptor that inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. We tested the hypothesis that waterborne Pb2+ exposure significantly affects whole-brain eCB content in adult male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Waterborne Pb2+ exposure (1.0 ppm) resulted in a time-dependent accumulation of Pb2+ in bone in both males and females. Brain AEA and 2-AG content were significantly greater in females compared to males. Pb2+ exposure increased brain AEA content in males at 7 and 14 days of exposure and increased brain 2-AG content at 14 days. Pb2+ exposure had no effect on either brain AEA or 2-AG content in females at any of the time points examined. As eCBs serve as activity-dependent retrograde inhibitors of neurotransmitter release, the increase in brain eCB content would accentuate Pb2+-induced decreases in evoked neurotransmitter release in male but not female fathead minnows.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rademacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Vetillard A, Bailhache T. Cadmium: an endocrine disrupter that affects gene expression in the liver and brain of juvenile rainbow trout. Biol Reprod 2004; 72:119-26. [PMID: 15317685 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.029520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An inhibition of vitellogenesis is observed in fish exposed to cadmium (Cd), either in natural or in experimental conditions. To investigate whether this correlates or not with modifications in the expression of several genes involved in reproduction, we have performed a study on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to waterborne Cd in combination with estradiol (E2). A relative reverse transcription-PCR protocol was used to evaluate the effect of Cd exposure on the expression of several genes. We quantified vitellogenin, rainbow trout estradiol receptor alpha (rtERalpha), short and long isoforms (rtERalphaS and rtERalphaL), mRNA levels in liver, and salmon GnRH1, salmon GnRH2, rtERalphaS, and rtERalphaL mRNA levels in the brain. In liver, Cd reduced the E2-stimulated mRNA levels of vitellogenin as well as these of both rtERalpha isoforms in a dose-dependent manner. In brain tissue, our results indicate that rtERalpha mRNA levels are not enhanced by E2. Cd treatments did not modify rtERalphaS isoform expression but reduced rtERalphaL expression in the brain. Focusing on the expression of salmon GnRH (sGnRH) genes, E2 did not affect mRNA levels, but experiments with Cd alone greatly enhanced sGnRH 1 as well as sGnRH 2 gene expression in a dose-dependant manner. This study supports the idea that Cd is an important endocrine disrupter that could act through an inhibition of E2-stimulated genes in the liver and also through a central effect on sGnRH gene expression. Cd may affect a number of E2 signaling pathways but could also affect the reproductive axis by nonestrogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Vetillard
- Endocrinologie Moléculaire de la Reproduction, UMR-CNRS 6026, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
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