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Man S, Zhang X, Xie L, Zhou Y, Wang G, Hao R, Gao W. A new insight into material basis of rhizoma Paridis saponins in alleviating pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117642. [PMID: 38151180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris polyphylla, as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, was often used to relieve inflammation and pain. Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) as the main active components of Paris polyphylla have excellent analgesic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY Determine the analgesic material basis of RPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC-MS/MS was used to analyze RPS, plasma after intravenous injection of RPS, and oral administration of RPS. H22 plantar pain model was established to explore the analgesic material basis of RPS. Moreover, correlation analysis, network pharmacology, RT-PCR and molecular docking were applied in this research. RESULTS RPS had dose-dependently analgesic effects in acetic acid- and formalin-induced pain models. LC-MS/MS detection indicated that diosgenin as the metabolite of RPS mainly distributed in brain tissues. The addition of antibiotics increased the anti-tumor effect of RPS, but reduced its analgesic effect. Network pharmacology, RT-PCR and molecular docking showed that diosgenin exerted its analgesic effect through SRC and Rap1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Diosgenin exhibited analgesic effects, while saponins had good anti-tumor effects in RPS. This discovery provided a better indication for the later application of RPS in anti-tumor and analgesic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yaxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Genbei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Ruijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Mastos C, Xu X, Keen AC, Halls ML. Signalling of Adrenoceptors: Canonical Pathways and New Paradigms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38227198 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concept of G protein-coupled receptors initially arose from studies of the β-adrenoceptor, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP signalling pathway. Since then both canonical G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways and emerging paradigms in receptor signalling have been defined by experiments focused on adrenoceptors. Here, we discuss the evidence for G protein coupling specificity of the nine adrenoceptor subtypes. We summarise the ability of each of the adrenoceptors to activate proximal signalling mediators including cAMP, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and protein kinase C pathways. Finally, we highlight the importance of precise spatial and temporal control of adrenoceptor signalling that is controlled by the localisation of receptors at intracellular membranes and in larger protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Mastos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Golebiewski C, Gastaldi C, Vieu DL, Mari B, Rezzonico R, Bernerd F, Marionnet C. Identification and functional validation of SRC and RAPGEF1 as new direct targets of miR-203, involved in regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14006. [PMID: 37635193 PMCID: PMC10460794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is mostly composed of keratinocytes and forms a protecting barrier against external aggressions and dehydration. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by a fine-tuned balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. In the regulation of this process, the keratinocyte-specific miR-203 microRNA is of the outmost importance as it promotes differentiation, notably by directly targeting and down-regulating mRNA expression of genes involved in keratinocyte proliferation, such as ΔNp63, Skp2 and Msi2. We aimed at identifying new miR-203 targets involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation balance. To this end, a transcriptome analysis of human primary keratinocytes overexpressing miR-203 was performed and revealed that miR-203 overexpression inhibited functions like proliferation, mitosis and cell cycling, and activated differentiation, apoptosis and cell death. Among the down-regulated genes, 24 putative target mRNAs were identified and 8 of them were related to proliferation. We demonstrated that SRC and RAPGEF1 were direct targets of miR-203. Moreover, both were down-regulated during epidermal morphogenesis in a 3D reconstructed skin model, while miR-203 was up-regulated. Finally silencing experiments showed that SRC or RAPGEF1 contributed to keratinocyte proliferation and regulated their differentiation. Preliminary results suggest their involvement in skin carcinoma hyperproliferation. Altogether this data indicates that RAPGEF1 and SRC could be new mediators of miR-203 in epidermal homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Gastaldi
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- LIA BAHN, CSM-UVSQ, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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4
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Veth TS, Francavilla C, Heck AJR, Altelaar M. Elucidating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Kinome Dynamics Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Dynamic Modeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100594. [PMID: 37328066 PMCID: PMC10368922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The detailed molecular pathway dynamics that coordinate these responses have remained to be determined. To elucidate these, we stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with either FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, or FGF19. Following activation of the receptor, we quantified the kinase activity dynamics of 44 kinases using a targeted mass spectrometry assay. Our system-wide kinase activity data, supplemented with (phospho)proteomics data, reveal ligand-dependent distinct pathway dynamics, elucidate the involvement of not earlier reported kinases such as MARK, and revise some of the pathway effects on biological outcomes. In addition, logic-based dynamic modeling of the kinome dynamics further verifies the biological goodness-of-fit of the predicted models and reveals BRAF-driven activation upon FGF2 treatment and ARAF-driven activation upon FGF4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, and Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Svec KV, Howe AK. Protein Kinase A in cellular migration—Niche signaling of a ubiquitous kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953093. [PMID: 35959460 PMCID: PMC9361040 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires establishment and maintenance of directional polarity, which in turn requires spatial heterogeneity in the regulation of protrusion, retraction, and adhesion. Thus, the signaling proteins that regulate these various structural processes must also be distinctly regulated in subcellular space. Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase involved in innumerable cellular processes. In the context of cell migration, it has a paradoxical role in that global inhibition or activation of PKA inhibits migration. It follows, then, that the subcellular regulation of PKA is key to bringing its proper permissive and restrictive functions to the correct parts of the cell. Proper subcellular regulation of PKA controls not only when and where it is active but also specifies the targets for that activity, allowing the cell to use a single, promiscuous kinase to exert distinct functions within different subcellular niches to facilitate cell movement. In this way, understanding PKA signaling in migration is a study in context and in the elegant coordination of distinct functions of a single protein in a complex cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V. Svec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alan K. Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, V T, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Alan K. Howe,
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6
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Regulatory Roles of the N-Terminal Intrinsically Disordered Region of Modular Src. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042241. [PMID: 35216357 PMCID: PMC8874404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, the prototype of Src family kinases (SFKs), is a modular protein consisting of SH4 (SH4) and unique (UD) domains in an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), and SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) folded domains conserved among SFKs. Src functions as a pleiotropic signaling hub in proliferating and post-mitotic cells, and it is related to cancer and neurological diseases. However, its regulatory mechanism is unclear because the existing canonical model is derived from crystallographic analyses of folded constructs lacking the IDR. This work reviews nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of partially structured lipid-binding segments in the flexible UD and the fuzzy intramolecular complex (FIMC) comprising IDR and SH3 domains, which interacts with lipid membranes and proteins. Furthermore, recently determined IDR-related Src characteristics are discussed, including dimerization, SH4/KD intramolecular fastener bundling of folded domains, and the sorting of adhesive structures. Finally, the modulatory roles of IDR phosphorylation in Src activities involving the FIMC are explored. The new regulatory roles of IDRs are integrated with the canonical model to elucidate the functions of full-length Src. This review presents new aspects of Src regulation, and provides a future direction for studies on the structure and function of Src, and their implications for pathological processes.
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7
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Mao LM, Demehri S, Wang JQ. Upregulation of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases in the Rat Striatum by Adenosine A 2A Receptors. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:802-811. [PMID: 35041190 PMCID: PMC8986616 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors are Golf-coupled receptors and are predominantly expressed in the striatum of mammalian brains. As a mostly postsynaptic receptor, A2A receptors are implicated in the regulation of a variety of intracellular signaling pathways in striatopallidal output neurons and are linked to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. This study investigated the possible role of A2A receptors in the modulation of the Src family kinase (SFK) in the adult rat striatum. In acutely prepared striatal slices, adding the A2A receptor agonist PSB-0777 induced a significant increase in phosphorylation of SFKs at a conserved autophosphorylation site (Y416) in the caudate putamen (CPu). This increase was also seen in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Another A2A agonist CGS-21680 showed the similar ability to elevate SFK Y416 phosphorylation in the striatum. Treatment with the A2A receptor antagonist KW-6002 blocked the effect of PSB-0777 on SFK Y416 phosphorylation. In addition, PSB-0777 enhanced kinase activity of two key SFK members (Src and Fyn) immunoprecipitated from the striatum. These data demonstrate a positive linkage from A2A receptors to the SFK signaling pathway in striatal neurons. Activation of A2A receptors leads to the upregulation of phosphorylation of SFKs (Src and Fyn) at an activation-associated autophosphorylation site and kinase activity of these SFK members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Shannon Demehri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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8
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Li W, Hu C, Zhang X, Wang B, Li Z, Ling M, Sun S, Guo C, Li D, Liu S. SUZ12 Loss Amplifies the Ras/ERK Pathway by Activating Adenylate Cyclase 1 in NF1-Associated Neurofibromas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738300. [PMID: 34692515 PMCID: PMC8526866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with germline neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions frequently exhibit hereditary syndromes such as cardiovascular anomalies and have an increased risk of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). This study aimed to identify the genes codeleted with SUZ12 that are related to MPNST. We used differential gene expression and enrichment analyses to analyze the SUZ12-mutant and SUZ12-wild-type gene expression profiles in the GSE118186 and GSE66743 datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). PPI network analysis combined with MPNST patient survival analysis was used to identify ADCY1, which catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP, as a key gene. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) showed that the distribution of H3K27me3 in the ADCY1 promoter region and gene body was significantly reduced in SUZ12-mutant cells. To verify the role of ADCY1 in SUZ12 mutation, we used RNA interference and plasmid transfection to interfere with SUZ12 expression in plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) and MPNST cell lines and then treated the cells with forskolin, IBMX and H89. ERK phosphorylation was accelerated and prolonged after siRNA transfection, especially in ipNF05.5 cells, and the intensity and duration of ERK activation were reduced after SUZ12 overexpression. Importantly, the level of p-ERK was consistent with that of Rap1-GTP. Moreover, H89 completely blocked Rap1 activation and the changes in the p-ERK level after SUZ12 siRNA transfection. In conclusion, our findings suggested that SUZ12 loss potentiates the effects of NF1 mutations by amplifying Ras signaling through the ADCY1/cAMP/Rap1/ERK pathway and that SUZ12 may serve as a therapeutic and prognostic biomarker in NF1-associated neurofibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhao Hu
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingnan Zhang
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Ling
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqiao Sun
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Injury and Repair, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,U 1195, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) and University Paris-Sud and University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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9
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Dillon M, Lopez A, Lin E, Sales D, Perets R, Jain P. Progress on Ras/MAPK Signaling Research and Targeting in Blood and Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205059. [PMID: 34680208 PMCID: PMC8534156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of members within the signaling cascade have been observed in many solid and blood cancers. Research often focuses on targeting the pathway to disrupt cancer initiation and progression. We aimed to provide an overview of the pathway’s physiologic role and regulation, interactions with other pathways involved in cancer development, and mutations that lead to malignancy. Several blood and solid cancers are analyzed to illustrate the impact of the pathway’s dysregulation, stemming from mutation or viral induction. Finally, we summarized different approaches to targeting the pathway and the associated novel treatments being researched or having recently achieved approval. Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, consisting of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade, regulates genes that control cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Within the cascade, multiple isoforms of Ras and Raf each display differences in functionality, efficiency, and, critically, oncogenic potential. According to the NCI, over 30% of all human cancers are driven by Ras genes. This dysfunctional signaling is implicated in a wide variety of leukemias and solid tumors, both with and without viral etiology. Due to the strong evidence of Ras-Raf involvement in tumorigenesis, many have attempted to target the cascade to treat these malignancies. Decades of unsuccessful experimentation had deemed Ras undruggable, but recently, the approval of Sotorasib as the first ever KRas inhibitor represents a monumental breakthrough. This advancement is not without novel challenges. As a G12C mutant-specific drug, it also represents the issue of drug target specificity within Ras pathway; not only do many drugs only affect single mutational profiles, with few pan-inhibitor exceptions, tumor genetic heterogeneity may give rise to drug-resistant profiles. Furthermore, significant challenges in targeting downstream Raf, especially the BRaf isoform, lie in the paradoxical activation of wild-type BRaf by BRaf mutant inhibitors. This literature review will delineate the mechanisms of Ras signaling in the MAPK pathway and its possible oncogenic mutations, illustrate how specific mutations affect the pathogenesis of specific cancers, and compare available and in-development treatments targeting the Ras pathway.
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10
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Mao LM, Wang JQ. Roles of adenosine A 1 receptors in the regulation of SFK activity in the rat forebrain. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2254. [PMID: 34156168 PMCID: PMC8413746 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian brain. Through interacting with Gαi/o -coupled A1 receptors, the neuromodulator adenosine modulates a variety of cellular and synaptic activities. To determine the linkage from A1 receptors to a key intracellular signaling pathway, we investigated the impact of blocking A1 receptors on a subfamily of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, that is, the Src family kinase (SFK), in different rat brain regions in vivo. We found that pharmacological blockade of A1 receptors by a single systemic injection of the A1 selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) induced an increase in autophosphorylation of SFKs at a consensus activation site, tyrosine 416 (Y416), in the two subdivisions of the striatum, the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. DPCPX also increased SFK Y416 phosphorylation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but not the hippocampus. The DPCPX-induced Y416 phosphorylation was time dependent and reversible. In immunopurified Fyn and Src proteins from the striatum, DPCPX elevated SFK Y416 phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity in Fyn but not in Src proteins. In the mPFC, DPCPX enhanced Y416 phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity in both Fyn and Src immunoprecipitates. DPCPX had no effect on expression of total Fyn and Src proteins in the striatum, mPFC, and hippocampus. These results demonstrate a tonic inhibitory linkage from A1 receptors to SFKs in the striatum and mPFC. Blocking this inhibitory tone could significantly enhance constitutive SFK Y416 phosphorylation in the rat brain in a region- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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11
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Niinae T, Imami K, Sugiyama N, Ishihama Y. Identification of Endogenous Kinase Substrates by Proximity Labeling Combined with Kinase Perturbation and Phosphorylation Motifs. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100119. [PMID: 34186244 PMCID: PMC8325102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass-spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics can identify more than 10,000 phosphorylated sites in a single experiment. But, despite the fact that enormous phosphosite information has been accumulated in public repositories, protein kinase–substrate relationships remain largely unknown. Here, we describe a method to identify endogenous substrates of kinases by using a combination of a proximity-dependent biotin identification method, called BioID, with two other independent methods, kinase-perturbed phosphoproteomics and phosphorylation motif matching. For proof of concept, this approach was applied to casein kinase 2 (CK2) and protein kinase A (PKA), and we identified 24 and 35 putative substrates, respectively. We also show that known cancer-associated missense mutations near phosphosites of substrates affect phosphorylation by CK2 or PKA and thus might alter downstream signaling in cancer cells bearing these mutations. This approach extends our ability to probe physiological kinase–substrate networks by providing new methodology for large-scale identification of endogenous substrates of kinases. Identification of novel kinase interactors by BioID. Applying two orthogonal filters, kinase perturbation and phosphorylation motif. Identification of novel CK2 and PKA substrates. A universal method for the identification of endogenous substrates for all kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Niinae
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugiyama
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
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12
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Chen A, Liu Y, Lu Y, Lee K, He JC. Disparate roles of retinoid acid signaling molecules in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F683-F692. [PMID: 33645319 PMCID: PMC8174805 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00045.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid acid (RA) is synthesized mainly in the liver and has multiple functions in development, cell differentiation and proliferation, and regulation of inflammation. RA has been used to treat multiple diseases, such as cancer and skin disorders. The kidney is a major organ for RA metabolism, which is altered in the diseased condition. RA is known to have renal-protective effects in multiple animal models of kidney disease. RA has been shown to ameliorate podocyte injury through induction of expression of differentiation markers and regeneration of podocytes from its progenitor cells in animal models of kidney disease. The effects of RA in podocytes are mediated mainly by activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway via RA receptor-α (RARα) and activation of its downstream transcription factor, Kruppel-like factor 15. Screening of RA signaling molecules in human kidney disease has revealed RAR responder protein 1 (RARRES1) as a risk gene for glomerular disease progression. RARRES1, a podocyte-specific growth arrest gene, is regulated by high doses of both RA and TNF-α. Mechanistically, RARRES1 is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases to generate soluble RARRES1, which then induces podocyte apoptosis through interaction with intracellular RIO kinase 1. Therefore, a high dose of RA may induce podocyte toxicity through upregulation of RARRES1. Based on the current findings, to avoid potential side effects, we propose three strategies to develop future therapies of RA for glomerular disease: 1) develop RARα- and Kruppel-like factor 15-specific agonists, 2) use the combination of a low dose of RAR-α agonist with phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, and 3) use a combination of RARα agonist with RARRES1 inhibitors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Retinoic acid (RA) exerts pleotropic cellular effects, including induction of cell differentiation while inhibiting proliferation and inflammation. These effects are mediated by both RA responsive element-dependent or -independent pathways. In kidneys, RA confers renoprotection by signaling through podocyte RA receptor (RAR)α and activation of cAMP/PKA/Kruppel-like factor 15 pathway to promote podocyte differentiation. Nevertheless, in kidney disease settings, RA can also promote podocyte apoptosis and loss through downstream expression of RAR responder protein 1, a recently described risk factor for glomerular disease progression. These disparate roles of RA underscore the complexity of its effects in kidney homeostasis and disease, and a need to target specific RA-mediated pathways for effective therapeutic treatments against kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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13
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Ruiz-Saenz A, Zahedi F, Peterson E, Yoo A, Dreyer CA, Spassov DS, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Moasser MM. Proteomic Analysis of Src Family Kinase Phosphorylation States in Cancer Cells Suggests Deregulation of the Unique Domain. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:957-967. [PMID: 33727342 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFK) are homologs of retroviral oncogenes, earning them the label of proto-oncogenes. Their functions are influenced by positive and negative regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation events and inhibitory and activating intramolecular and extramolecular interactions. This regulation is disrupted in their viral oncogene counterparts. However, in contrast to most other proto-oncogenes, the genetic alteration of these genes does not seem to occur in human tumors and how and whether their functions are altered in human cancers remain to be determined. To look for proteomic-level alterations, we took a more granular look at the activation states of SFKs based on their two known regulatory tyrosine phosphorylations, but found no significant differences in their activity states when comparing immortalized epithelial cells with cancer cells. SFKs are known to have other less well-studied phosphorylations, particularly within their unstructured N-terminal unique domains (UD), although their role in cancers has not been explored. In comparing panels of epithelial cells with cancer cells, we found a decrease in S17 phosphorylation in the UD of Src in cancer cells. Dephosphorylated S17 favors the dimerization of Src that is mediated through the UD and suggests increased Src dimerization in cancers. These data highlight the important role of the UD of Src and suggest that a deeper understanding of proteomic-level alterations of the unstructured UD of SFKs may provide considerable insights into how SFKs are deregulated in cancers. IMPLICATIONS: This work highlights the role of the N-terminal UD of Src kinases in regulating their signaling functions and possibly in their deregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Departments of Cell Biology & Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elliott Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ashley Yoo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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14
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Tanner MA, Thomas TP, Maitz CA, Grisanti LA. β2-Adrenergic Receptors Increase Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation Through the Gαs/ERK1/2-Dependent Secretion of Interleukin-6. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228507. [PMID: 33198112 PMCID: PMC7697911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are an important resident cell population in the heart involved in maintaining homeostasis and structure during normal conditions. They are also crucial in disease states for sensing signals and initiating the appropriate repair responses to maintain the structural integrity of the heart. This sentinel role of cardiac fibroblasts occurs, in part, through their ability to secrete cytokines. β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) are also critical regulators of cardiac function in the normal and diseased state and a major therapeutic target clinically. βAR are known to influence cytokine secretion in various cell types and they have been shown to be involved in cytokine production in the heart, but their role in regulating cytokine production in cardiac fibroblasts is not well understood. Thus, we hypothesized that βAR activation on cardiac fibroblasts modulates cytokine production to influence fibroblast function. Using primary fibroblast cultures from neonatal rats and adult mice, increased interleukin (IL)-6 expression and secretion occurred following β2AR activation. The use of pharmacological inhibitors and genetic manipulations showed that IL-6 elevations occurred through the Gαs-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and resulted in increased fibroblast proliferation. In vivo, a lack of β2AR resulted in increased infarct size following myocardial infarction and impaired wound closure in a murine dermal wound healing assay. These findings identify an important role for β2AR in regulating fibroblast proliferation through Gαs/ERK1/2-dependent alterations in IL-6 and may lead to the development of improved heart failure therapies through targeting fibrotic function of β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A. Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.A.T.); (T.P.T.)
| | - Toby P. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.A.T.); (T.P.T.)
| | - Charles A. Maitz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Laurel A. Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.A.T.); (T.P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-884-8852
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15
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Ertosun MG, DİlmaÇ S, Hapİl FZ, TanriÖver G, KÖksoy S, ÖzeŞ ON. Regulation of E2F1 activity via PKA-mediated phosphorylations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:215-229. [PMID: 33110360 PMCID: PMC7585165 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
E2F1 becomes activated during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and posttranslational modifications modulate its activity. Activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) by many ligands induces the activation of adenylate cyclases and the production of cAMP, which activates the PKA enzyme. Activated PKA elicits its biological effect by phosphorylating the target proteins containing serine or threonine amino acids in the RxxS/T motif. Since PKA activation negatively regulates cell proliferation, we thought that activated PKA would negatively affect the activity of E2F1. In line with this, when we analyzed the amino acid sequence of E2F1, we found 3 hypothetical consensus PKA phosphorylation sites located at 127-130, 232-235, and 361-364 positions and RYET, RLLS, and RMGS sequences. After showing the binding and phosphorylation of E2F1 by PKA, we converted the codons of Threonine-130, Serine-235, and Serine-364 to Alanine and Glutamic acid codons on the eukaryotic E2F1 expression vector we had previously created. We confirmed the phosphorylation of T130, S235, and S364 by developing monoclonal antibodies against phospho-specific forms of these sites and showed that their phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent. According to our results, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of E2F1 by PKA inhibits proliferation and glucose uptake and induces caspase-3 activation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Sayra DİlmaÇ
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Fatma Zehra Hapİl
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Gamze TanriÖver
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Sadi KÖksoy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
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16
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Kinoshita-Kikuta E, Utsumi T, Miyazaki A, Tokumoto C, Doi K, Harada H, Kinoshita E, Koike T. Protein-N-myristoylation-dependent phosphorylation of serine 13 of tyrosine kinase Lyn by casein kinase 1γ at the Golgi during intracellular protein traffic. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16273. [PMID: 33004926 PMCID: PMC7531007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein N-myristoylation of Src-family kinases (SFKs) is a critical co-translational modification to anchor the enzymes in the plasma membrane. Phosphorylation of SFKs is also an essential modification for regulating their enzymatic activities. In this study, we used Phos-tag SDS-PAGE to investigate N-myristoylation-dependent phosphorylation of SFKs and their non-N-myristoylated G2A mutants. The serine-13 residue of Lyn (Lyn-S13) was shown to be N-myristoylation-dependently phosphorylated. Although there have been more than 40 reports of mass spectrometric studies on phosphorylation at Lyn-S13, the kinase responsible remained unclear. We succeeded in identifying casein kinase 1γ (CK1γ) as the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Lyn-S13. In HEK293 cells co-expressing Lyn and CK1γ, the phosphorylation level of Lyn-S13 increased significantly. CK1γ is unique among the CK1 family (α, γ, δ, and ε) in carrying an S-palmitoylation site for membrane binding. Co-expression with the non-S-palmitoylated CK1γ mutant, which localized in the cytosol, gave no increase in the phosphorylation level at Lyn-S13. In HEK293 cells expressing the non-S-palmitoylated Lyn-C3A mutant, on the other hand, the Lyn-C3A mutant was phosphorylated at Lyn-S13, and the mutant remained at the Golgi. These results showed that S-palmitoylated CK1γ can phosphorylate S13 of N-myristoylated Lyn at the Golgi during intracellular protein traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Kinoshita-Kikuta
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Utsumi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tokumoto
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Doi
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruna Harada
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Eiji Kinoshita
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Tohru Koike
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Bidirectional modulation of TNF-α transcription via α- and β-adrenoceptors in cultured astrocytes from rat spinal cord. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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McNeill MC, Wray J, Sala-Newby GB, Hindmarch CCT, Smith SA, Ebrahimighaei R, Newby AC, Bond M. Nuclear actin regulates cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of SRF and TEAD. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118691. [PMID: 32119877 PMCID: PMC7262588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actin dynamics regulate cell behaviour in response to physiological signals. Here we demonstrate a novel role for nuclear actin in inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. We demonstrate that physiological signals that elevate cAMP, which is anti-mitogenic in vascular smooth muscle cells, increases nuclear actin monomer levels. Expression of a nuclear-targeted polymerisation-defective actin mutant (NLS-ActinR62D) inhibited proliferation and migration. Preventing nuclear actin monomer accumulation by enhancing its nuclear export or polymerisation reversed the anti-mitogenic and anti-migratory effects of cAMP. Transcriptomic analysis identified repression of proliferation and migration associated genes regulated by serum response factor (SRF) and TEA Domain (TEAD) transcription factors. Accordingly, NLS-ActinR62D inhibited SRF and TEAD activity and target gene expression, and these effects were reversed by constitutively-active mutants of the TEAD and SRF co-factors YAP, TAZ and MKL1. In summary, intranuclear actin inhibits proliferation and migration by inhibiting YAP-TEAD and MKL-SRF activity. This mechanism explains the anti-mitogenic and anti-migratory properties of physiological signals that elevate cAMP. SUMMARY: McNeill et al show that increased levels of intranuclear actin monomer inhibit cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting MKL1-SRF and YAP/TAZ-TEAD-dependent gene expression. This mechanism mediates the anti-mitogenic and anti-migratory effects of physiological signals that elevate cyclic-AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason Wray
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Smith
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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19
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Li J, Li B, Bai F, Ma Y, Liu N, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu Q. Metformin therapy confers cardioprotection against the remodeling of gap junction in tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation dog model. Life Sci 2020; 254:117759. [PMID: 32389830 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin, introduced in 1957, is widely used as an anti-diabetic drug and has considerable benefits in cardiovascular disease reportedly, dependent or independent on its glucose-lowering effects. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on gap junction and the inducibility of AF. METHODS Beagle dogs were subjected to acute or chronic pacing at right atrial appendage by a pacemaker to develop an AF model and electrophysiological parameters were measured. In vitro study, a cell fast pacing model was developed by CardioExcyte 96. We performed Western blot, histology immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy to detect the effect of metformin. RESULTS In chronic AF model, the inducibility and duration of AF increased obviously after pacing for 6 weeks compared with sham-operated group (Inducibility, 3.33 ± 5.77 vs. 85.33 ± 7.89%, P<0.0001; Duration, 0.8 ± 0.84 vs. 11 ± 2.67 ms, P<0.0001). Effective refractory periods (ERP) decreased at left and right left atrium and atrial appendages compared with sham-operated group (123.95 ± 6.57 vs. 89.96 ± 7.39 ms P<0.0001). Metformin attenuated the pacing-induced increase in EPR (89.96 ± 7.39 vs. 105.83 ± 7.45 ms, P<0.05), AF inducibility and AF duration (Inducibility, 85.33 ± 7.89 vs. 64.17 ± 7.36%, Duration, 11 ± 2.67 vs. 8.62 ± 1.15 ms, P<0.05). The expression of Cx43 shows a significant downregulation(about 38%, P<0.001) after chronic pacing and treating with metformin could alleviate this decrease(P<0.01). However, the effect of metformin in acute pacing model is limited. The immunohistochemical staining of cardiac tissue also shown that there is more lateralized Cx43 under pacing condition (87.67 ± 2.52 vs. 60.8 ± 9.13%, P<0.005). These pacing-induced lateralize Cx43 could be alleviated by the metformin (48.4 ± 8.62 vs. 60.8 ± 9.13%, P<0.05). Additionally, metformin could affect the interactions of ZO-1 with p-Src/Cx43 via decrease the abnormal cAMP level after pacing (84.04 ± 4.58 vs. 69.34 ± 4.5 nmol/L, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metformin could alleviate the vulnerability of AF and attenuate the downregulation of gap junction under pacing condition via AMPK pathway and decreasing the P-Src level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinxu Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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20
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Miningou N, Blackwell KT. The road to ERK activation: Do neurons take alternate routes? Cell Signal 2020; 68:109541. [PMID: 31945453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ERK cascade is a central signaling pathway that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, learning and memory, development, and synaptic plasticity. A wide range of inputs travel from the membrane through different signaling pathway routes to reach activation of one set of output kinases, ERK1&2. The classical ERK activation pathway beings with growth factor activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Numerous G-protein coupled receptors and ionotropic receptors also lead to ERK through increases in the second messengers calcium and cAMP. Though both types of pathways are present in diverse cell types, a key difference is that most stimuli to neurons, e.g. synaptic inputs, are transient, on the order of milliseconds to seconds, whereas many stimuli acting on non-neural tissue, e.g. growth factors, are longer duration. The ability to consolidate these inputs to regulate the activation of ERK in response to diverse signals raises the question of which factors influence the difference in ERK activation pathways. This review presents both experimental studies and computational models aimed at understanding the control of ERK activation and whether there are fundamental differences between neurons and other cells. Our main conclusion is that differences between cell types are quite subtle, often related to differences in expression pattern and quantity of some molecules such as Raf isoforms. In addition, the spatial location of ERK is critical, with regulation by scaffolding proteins producing differences due to colocalization of upstream molecules that may differ between neurons and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiatou Miningou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States of America
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and Bioengineering Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States of America.
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21
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Parker MI, Nikonova AS, Sun D, Golemis EA. Proliferative signaling by ERBB proteins and RAF/MEK/ERK effectors in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2019; 67:109497. [PMID: 31830556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A primary pathological feature of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the hyperproliferation of epithelial cells in renal tubules, resulting in formation of fluid-filled cysts. The proliferative aspects of the two major forms of PKD-autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), which arises from mutations in the polycystins PKD1 and PKD2, and autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD), which arises from mutations in PKHD1-has encouraged investigation into protein components of the core cell proliferative machinery as potential drivers of PKD pathogenesis. In this review, we examine the role of signaling by ERBB proteins and their effectors, with a primary focus on ADPKD. The ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR/ERBB1, HER2/ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4) are activated by extracellular ligands, inducing multiple pro-growth signaling cascades; among these, activation of signaling through the RAS GTPase, and the RAF, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 kinases enhance cell proliferation and restrict apoptosis during renal tubuloepithelial cyst formation. Characteristics of PKD include overexpression and mislocalization of the ERBB receptors and ligands, leading to enhanced activation and increased activity of downstream signaling proteins. The altered regulation of ERBBs and their effectors in PKD is influenced by enhanced activity of SRC kinase, which is promoted by the loss of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and an increase in cAMP-dependent PKA kinase activity that stimulates CFTR, driving the secretory phenotype of ADPKD. We discuss the interplay between ERBB/SRC signaling, and polycystins and their depending signaling, with emphasis on thes changes that affect cell proliferation in cyst expansion, as well as the inflammation-associated fibrogenesis, which characterizes progressive disease. We summarize the current progress of preclinical and clinical trials directed at inhibiting this signaling axis, and discuss potential future strategies that may be productive for controlling PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell I Parker
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 19111, USA; Molecular & Cell Biology & Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, 19102, USA
| | - Anna S Nikonova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 19111, USA
| | - Danlin Sun
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 19111, USA; Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 19111, USA.
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22
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George S, Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neuroglia: in the Context of Cell Signalling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:814-826. [PMID: 31515658 PMCID: PMC6925073 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The promise of engineering specific cell types from stem cells and rebuilding damaged or diseased tissues has fascinated stem cell researchers and clinicians over last few decades. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into non-mesodermal cells, particularly neural-lineage, consisting of neurons and glia. These multipotent adult stem cells can be used for implementing clinical trials in neural repair. Ongoing research identifies several molecular mechanisms involved in the speciation of neuroglia, which are tightly regulated and interconnected by various components of cell signalling machinery. Growing MSCs with multiple inducers in culture media will initiate changes on intricately interlinked cell signalling pathways and processes. Net result of these signal flow on cellular architecture is also dependent on the type of ligands and stem cells investigated in vitro. However, our understanding about this dynamic signalling machinery is limited and confounding, especially with spheroid structures, neurospheres and organoids. Therefore, the results for differentiating neurons and glia in vitro have been inconclusive, so far. Added to this complication, we have no convincing evidence about the electrical conductivity and functionality status generated in differentiating neurons and glia. This review has taken a step forward to tailor the information on differentiating neuroglia with the common methodologies, in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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23
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Smith SA, Newby AC, Bond M. Ending Restenosis: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by cAMP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111447. [PMID: 31744111 PMCID: PMC6912325 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes towards restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. The second messenger 3′ 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in maintaining VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and repressing VSMC proliferation during resolution of vascular injury. Although the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC have been recognised for many years, it is only recently that we gained a detailed understanding of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Stimuli that elevate cAMP in VSMC inhibit G1-S phase cell cycle progression by inhibiting expression of cyclins and preventing S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein-2 (Skp2-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Early studies implicated inhibition of MAPK signalling, although this does not fully explain the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP. The cAMP effectors, Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) act together to inhibit VSMC proliferation by inducing Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) activity and inhibiting members of the RhoGTPases, which results in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cyclic-AMP induced actin remodelling controls proliferation by modulating the activity of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEAD), which regulate expression of genes required for proliferation. Here we review recent research characterising these mechanisms, highlighting novel drug targets that may allow the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP to be harnessed therapeutically to limit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Bond
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-3423586
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24
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Deshpande V, Kao A, Raghuram V, Datta A, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Phosphoproteomic identification of vasopressin V2 receptor-dependent signaling in the renal collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F789-F804. [PMID: 31313956 PMCID: PMC6843035 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00281.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin controls water balance largely through PKA-dependent effects to regulate the collecting duct water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Although considerable information has accrued regarding the regulation of water and solute transport in collecting duct cells, information is sparse regarding the signaling connections between PKA and transport responses. Here, we exploited recent advancements in protein mass spectrometry to perform a comprehensive, multiple-replicate analysis of changes in the phosphoproteome of native rat inner medullary collecting duct cells in response to the vasopressin V2 receptor-selective agonist 1-desamino-8D-arginine vasopressin. Of the 10,738 phosphopeptides quantified, only 156 phosphopeptides were significantly increased in abundance, and only 63 phosphopeptides were decreased, indicative of a highly selective response to vasopressin. The list of upregulated phosphosites showed several general characteristics: 1) a preponderance of sites with basic (positively charged) amino acids arginine (R) and lysine (K) in position -2 and -3 relative to the phosphorylated amino acid, consistent with phosphorylation by PKA and/or other basophilic kinases; 2) a greater-than-random likelihood of sites previously demonstrated to be phosphorylated by PKA; 3) a preponderance of sites in membrane proteins, consistent with regulation by membrane association; and 4) a greater-than-random likelihood of sites in proteins with class I COOH-terminal PDZ ligand motifs. The list of downregulated phosphosites showed a preponderance of those with proline in position +1 relative to the phosphorylated amino acid, consistent with either downregulation of proline-directed kinases (e.g., MAPKs or cyclin-dependent kinases) or upregulation of one or more protein phosphatases that selectively dephosphorylate such sites (e.g., protein phosphatase 2A). The phosphoproteomic data were used to create a web resource for the investigation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling and regulation of AQP2-mediated water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Deshpande
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anika Kao
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arnab Datta
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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25
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Han T, Jiang S, Zheng H, Yin Q, Xie M, Little MR, Yin X, Chen M, Song SJ, Beg AA, Pandolfi PP, Wan L. Interplay between c-Src and the APC/C co-activator Cdh1 regulates mammary tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3716. [PMID: 31420536 PMCID: PMC6697746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) coactivator Cdh1 drives proper cell cycle progression and is implicated in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, it remains elusive how Cdh1 restrains cancer progression and how tumor cells escape the inhibition of Cdh1. Here we report that Cdh1 suppresses the kinase activity of c-Src in an APC-independent manner. Depleting Cdh1 accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to promote breast tumor progression in mice. Hyperactive c-Src, on the other hand, reciprocally inhibits the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of APCCdh1 through direct phosphorylation of Cdh1 at its N-terminus, which disrupts the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC core complex. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of c-Src restores APCCdh1 tumor suppressor function to repress a panel of APCCdh1 oncogenic substrates. Our findings reveal a reciprocal feedback circuit of Cdh1 and c-Src in the crosstalk between the cell cycle machinery and the c-Src signaling pathway. The Anaphase Promoting Complex adaptor protein Cdh1 tightly controls cell cycle progression to restrain tumorigenesis but the mechanism is not completely known. Here, the authors show that reciprocal inhibition between Cdh1 and the c-Src signaling pathway regulate breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Margaret R Little
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Xiu Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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26
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Seow BKL, McDougall ARA, Short KL, Wallace MJ, Hooper SB, Cole TJ. Identification of Betamethasone-Regulated Target Genes and Cell Pathways in Fetal Rat Lung Mesenchymal Fibroblasts. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1868-1884. [PMID: 31107524 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is characterized by severe lung immaturity that is frequently treated antenatally or postnatally with the synthetic steroid betamethasone. The underlying cellular targets and pathways stimulated by betamethasone in the fetal lung are poorly defined. In this study, betamethasone was compared with corticosterone in steroid-treated primary cultures of fetal rat lung fibroblasts stimulated for 6 hours and analyzed by whole-cell transcriptome sequencing and glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis. Strikingly, betamethasone stimulated a much stronger transcriptional response compared with corticosterone for both induced and repressed genes. A total of 483 genes were significantly stimulated by betamethasone or corticosterone, with 476 stimulated by both steroids, indicating a strong overlap in regulation. Changes in mRNA levels were confirmed by quantitative PCR for eight induced and repressed target genes. Pathway analysis identified cell proliferation and cytoskeletal/cell matrix remodeling pathways as key processes regulated by both steroids. One target, transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2), was localized to fetal lung mesenchymal cells. Tgm2 mRNA and protein levels were strongly increased in fibroblasts by both steroids. Whole-genome GR ChIP-Seq analysis with betamethasone identified GC response element-binding sites close to the previously characterized GR target genes Per1, Dusp1, Fkbp5, and Sgk1 and near the genes identified by transcriptome sequencing encoding Crispld2, Tgm2, Hif3α, and Kdr, defining direct genomic induction of expression in fetal lung fibroblasts via the GR. These results demonstrate that betamethasone stimulates specific genes and cellular pathways controlling cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling in lung mesenchymal fibroblasts, providing a basis for betamethasone's treatment efficacy in preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet K L Seow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie R A McDougall
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly L Short
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan J Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Cascade Signals of Papaverine Inhibiting LPS-Induced Retinal Microglial Activation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:111-119. [PMID: 30852743 PMCID: PMC6453874 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that papaverine can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. The retinal primary microglia of newborn SD rats were isolated and purified, and a LPS-induced microglia activation model was established. The protein phosphorylation level of the signaling pathway was detected by western blotting. The transcription and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were respectively detected by RT-PCR and ELISA to observe the abnormal activation of primary microglia. The cAMP inhibitor Rp-isomer, PKA inhibitor H89, and MEK inhibitor U0126 were separately added to further investigate the role of MEK/Erk in PAP inhibition of primary microglial activation and the relationship between cAMP/PKA and MEK/Erk. It was found that the level of MEK phosphorylation was upregulated after LPS stimulation, which was blocked by 10 μg/ml of papaverine.10μM U0126 significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 transcription and expression in retinal microglia (P < 0.01). Both Rp-isomer and H89 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of MEK and Erk. Papaverine may inhibit inflammatory factors and promote the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the cAMP/PKA and MEK/Erk pathway, thereby inhibiting LPS-induced activation of primary retinal microglia, and the MEK/Erk pathway may be partially regulated by cAMP/PKA, which can provide theoretical basis and experimental basis for its protection of the central nervous system.
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28
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Jin DZ, Mao LM, Wang JQ. Amphetamine activates non-receptor tyrosine kinase Fyn and stimulates ERK phosphorylation in the rat striatum in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 843:45-54. [PMID: 30419241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH) has an impact on a variety of cellular activities in striatal neurons, although underlying signaling mechanisms are incompletely understood. The Src family kinase (SFK) is among key signaling molecules enriched in striatal neurons and is involved in the regulation of a set of discrete downstream targets. Given the likelihood that AMPH may regulate SFKs, we investigated and characterized the effect of AMPH on SFK phosphorylation and enzymatic activity in rat striatal neurons in vivo. We found that AMPH elevated SFK Y416 phosphorylation in striatal slices and the adult rat striatum. This elevation was concentration- and time-dependent and occurred in all subdivisions of the striatum, including the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens (core and shell). The dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 blocked the effect of AMPH. Between Fyn and Src, AMPH elevated phosphorylation of immunoprecipitated Fyn but not Src and increased Fyn kinase activity in the striatum. In parallel with SFKs, striatal ERK phosphorylation was increased by AMPH. This increase in ERK phosphorylation was reduced by the SFK inhibitor PP2. These results demonstrate that AMPH is able to activate SFKs (mainly Fyn) in striatal neurons via a D1 receptor-dependent mechanism. Activated SFKs participate in processing the concomitant ERK response to AMPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Zhong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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29
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Fyn Regulates Binding Partners of Cyclic-AMP Dependent Protein Kinase A. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6040037. [PMID: 30274258 PMCID: PMC6313912 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in many fundamental cellular processes, including migration and proliferation. Recently, we found that the Src family kinase Fyn phosphorylates the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKA-C) at Y69, thereby increasing PKA kinase activity. We also showed that Fyn induced the phosphorylation of cellular proteins within the PKA preferred target motif. This led to the hypothesis that Fyn could affect proteins in complex with PKA. To test this, we employed a quantitative mass spectrometry approach to identify Fyn-dependent binding partners in complex with PKA-C. We found Fyn enhanced the binding of PKA-C to several cytoskeletal regulators that localize to the centrosome and Golgi apparatus. Three of these Fyn-induced PKA interactors, AKAP9, PDE4DIP, and CDK5RAP2, were validated biochemically and were shown to exist in complex with Fyn and PKA in a glioblastoma cell line. Intriguingly, the complexes formed between PKA-C and these known AKAPs were dependent upon Fyn catalytic activity and expression levels. In addition, we identified Fyn-regulated phosphorylation sites on proteins in complex with PKA-C. We also identified and biochemically validated a novel PKA-C interactor, LARP4, which complexed with PKA in the absence of Fyn. These results demonstrate the ability of Fyn to influence the docking of PKA to specific cellular scaffolds and suggest that Fyn may affect the downstream substrates targeted by PKA.
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30
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Begum Z, Varalakshmi C, Sriram D, Radha V. Development and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope in the central protein interaction domain of RapGEF1 (C3G). Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1809-1819. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Jain R, Watson U, Vasudevan L, Saini DK. ERK Activation Pathways Downstream of GPCRs. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:79-109. [PMID: 29699693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GPCRs, the 7-TM receptors, represent a class of cell surface receptors which modulate a variety of physiological responses. The serpentine structure in addition to contributing the diversity of stimuli these receptors can sense also provides flexibility to the extracellular and intracellular regions where other proteins can interact with and can form functionally active multimeric entities. The range in signaling and physiological responses generated by these receptors can be attributed to a large repertoire of the receptor subtypes as well as their differential coupling to various classes of G-protein subunits and other proteins which facilitate multistate activation. A multistate GPCR can engage diverse signaling molecules, thereby modulating not only the canonical cellular responses but also noncanonical responses typically associated with activation of other cascades such as RTK and MAPK/ERK signaling. Given the crucial involvement of MAP kinase/ERK signaling in cell fate determination specially with respect to regulating cell proliferation, cellular apoptosis, and survival, GPCR-mediated cross-activation of MAPK has been explored in various systems and shown to involve functional integration of multiple pathways. This review describes the present knowledge of the different mechanisms of ERK activation downstream of GPCRs and our present understanding of receptor-dependent and -independent MAPK activation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Jain
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Uchenna Watson
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
| | - Lakshmi Vasudevan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; L-GEST-Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deepak K Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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32
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Mao LM, Faris HJ, Wang JQ. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Inhibit Fyn Activity in the Rat Striatum In Vivo. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:523-532. [PMID: 29532369 PMCID: PMC5930050 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Src family kinase (SFK) is a subfamily of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. SFK members, Src and especially Fyn, are expressed in the striatum. These SFK members are involved in the regulation of neuronal and synaptic activities and are linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Given the fact that muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptors are highly expressed in striatal neurons and are critical for the regulation of striatal function, we investigated the role of mACh receptors in the regulation of SFKs in the adult rat striatum in vivo. We found that pharmacological blockade of mACh receptors by systemic administration of the mACh antagonist scopolamine induced a marked increase in phosphorylation of SFKs in the striatum of male and female rats. This scopolamine-induced increase in SFK phosphorylation occurred in the two subdivisions of the striatum (caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens) and was time-dependent and reversible. Another mACh antagonist atropine was also effective in stimulating SFK phosphorylation. Coadministration of subthreshold doses of scopolamine and a dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 enhanced striatal SFK phosphorylation. Between Fyn and Src proteins immunoprecipitated from striatal tissue, scopolamine selectively increased phosphorylation of Fyn. The increase in Fyn phosphorylation was accompanied by an increase in Fyn kinase activity in response to scopolamine. These results reveal a significant role of mACh receptors in the regulation of SFKs (mainly Fyn) in striatal neurons. Under normal conditions, endogenous mACh receptors appear to exert an inhibitory effect on Fyn activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Hunter J Faris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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33
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Porpora M, Sauchella S, Rinaldi L, Delle Donne R, Sepe M, Torres-Quesada O, Intartaglia D, Garbi C, Insabato L, Santoriello M, Bachmann VA, Synofzik M, Lindner HH, Conte I, Stefan E, Feliciello A. Counterregulation of cAMP-directed kinase activities controls ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1224. [PMID: 29581457 PMCID: PMC5964327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium emanates from the cell surface of growth-arrested cells and plays a central role in vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis. The mechanisms that control ciliogenesis have been extensively explored. However, the intersection between GPCR signaling and the ubiquitin pathway in the control of cilium stability are unknown. Here we observe that cAMP elevation promotes cilia resorption. At centriolar satellites, we identify a multimeric complex nucleated by PCM1 that includes two kinases, NEK10 and PKA, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. We show that NEK10 is essential for ciliogenesis in mammals and for the development of medaka fish. PKA phosphorylation primes NEK10 for CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and proteolysis resulting in cilia resorption. Disarrangement of this control mechanism occurs in proliferative and genetic disorders. These findings unveil a pericentriolar kinase signalosome that efficiently links the cAMP cascade with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, thereby controlling essential aspects of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Porpora
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Sauchella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Intartaglia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), 80078, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Margherita Santoriello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Verena A Bachmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), 80078, Italy
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University 'Federico II', Naples, 80131, Italy.
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34
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Yeom M, Lee H, Shin S, Park D, Jung E. PER, a Circadian Clock Component, Mediates the Suppression of MMP-1 Expression in HaCaT Keratinocytes by cAMP. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040745. [PMID: 29570674 PMCID: PMC6017963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin circadian clock system responds to daily changes, thereby regulating skin functions. Exposure of the skin to UV irradiation induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and causes DNA damage. It has been reported both DNA repair and DNA replication are regulated by the circadian clock in mouse skin. However, the molecular link between circadian clock and MMP-1 has little been investigated. We found PERIOD protein, a morning clock component, represses the expression of MMP-1 in human keratinocytes by using a PER-knockdown strategy. Treatment with siPer3 alleviated the suppression of MMP-1 expression induced by forskolin. Results revealed PER3 suppresses the expression of MMP-1 via cAMP signaling pathway. Additionally, we screened for an activator of PER that could repress the expression of MMP-1 using HaCaT cell line containing PER promoter-luciferase reporter gene. Results showed Lespedeza capitate extract (LCE) increased PER promoter activity. LCE inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and its effect of LCE was abolished in knockdown of PER2 or PER3, demonstrating LCE can repress the expression of MMP-1 through PER. Since circadian clock component PER can regulate MMP-1 expression, it might be a new molecular mechanism to develop therapeutics to alleviate skin aging and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Yeom
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, A-1805, U-TOWER, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu 16827, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - HansongI Lee
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, A-1805, U-TOWER, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu 16827, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Seoungwoo Shin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, A-1805, U-TOWER, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu 16827, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, A-1805, U-TOWER, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu 16827, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, A-1805, U-TOWER, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu 16827, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Shahidullah M, Mandal A, Delamere NA. A Role for Calcium-Activated Adenylate Cyclase and Protein Kinase A in the Lens Src Family Kinase and Na,K-ATPase Response to Hyposmotic Stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4447-4456. [PMID: 28863406 PMCID: PMC6108779 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Na,K-ATPase activity in lens epithelium is subject to control by Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs). Previously we showed hyposmotic solution causes an SFK-dependent increase in Na,K-ATPase activity in the epithelium. Here we explored the role of cAMP in the signaling mechanism responsible for the SFK and Na,K-ATPase response. Methods Intact porcine lenses were exposed to hyposmotic Krebs solution (200 mOsm) then the epithelium was assayed for cAMP, SFK phosphorylation (activation) or Na,K-ATPase activity. Results An increase of cAMP was observed in the epithelium of lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution. In lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution SFK phosphorylation in the epithelium approximately doubled as did Na,K-ATPase activity and both responses were prevented by H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. The magnitude of the SFK response to hyposmotic solution was reduced by a TRPV4 antagonist HC067047 added to prevent TRPV4-mediated calcium entry, and by a cytoplasmic Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. The Na,K-ATPase activity response in the epithelium of lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution was abolished by BAPTA-AM. As a direct test of cAMP-dependent SFK activation, intact lenses were exposed to 8-pCPT-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog. 8-pCPT-cAMP caused robust SFK activation. Using Western blot, two calcium-activated adenylyl cyclases, ADCY3 and ADCY8, were detected in lens epithelium. Conclusions Calcium-activated adenylyl cyclases are expressed in the lens epithelium and SFK activation is linked to a rise of cAMP that occurs upon hyposmotic challenge. The findings point to cAMP as a link between TRPV4 channel-mediated calcium entry, SFK activation, and a subsequent increase of Na,K-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidullah
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Amritlal Mandal
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Nicholas A Delamere
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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Wu YS, Chen CC, Chien CL, Lai HL, Jiang ST, Chen YC, Lai LP, Hsiao WF, Chen WP, Chern Y. The type VI adenylyl cyclase protects cardiomyocytes from β-adrenergic stress by a PKA/STAT3-dependent pathway. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:68. [PMID: 28870220 PMCID: PMC5584049 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type VI adenylyl cyclase (AC6) is a main contributor of cAMP production in the heart. The amino acid (aa) sequence of AC6 is highly homologous to that of another major cardiac adenylyl cyclase, AC5, except for its N-terminus (AC6-N, aa 1-86). Activation of AC6, rather than AC5, produces cardioprotective effects against heart failure, while the underlying mechanism remains to be unveiled. Using an AC6-null (AC6-/-) mouse and a knockin mouse with AC6-N deletion (AC6 ΔN/ΔN), we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of AC6 in the heart. METHODS Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to determine the intracellular distribution of AC6, AC6-ΔN (a truncated AC6 lacking the first 86 amino acids), and STAT3 activation. Activities of AC6 and AC6-ΔN in the heart were assessed by cAMP assay. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were evaluated by the TUNEL assay and a propidium iodine-based survival assay. Fibrosis was examined by collagen staining. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining revealed that cardiac AC6 was mainly anchored on the sarcolemmal membranes, while AC6-ΔN was redistributed to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. AC6ΔN/ΔN and AC6-/- mice had more apoptotic myocytes and cardiac remodeling than WT mice in experimental models of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury. Adult cardiomyocytes isolated from AC6ΔN/ΔN or AC6-/- mice survived poorly after exposure to ISO, which produced no effect on WT cardiomyocytes under the condition tested. Importantly, ISO treatment induced cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation/activation in WT mice, but not in AC6ΔN/ΔN and AC6-/- mice. Pharmacological blockage of PKA-, Src-, or STAT3- pathway markedly reduced the survival of WT myocytes in the presence of ISO, but did not affect those of AC6ΔN/ΔN and AC6-/- myocytes, suggesting an important role of AC6 in mediating cardioprotective action through the activation of PKA-Src-STAT3-signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, AC6-N controls the anchorage of cardiac AC6 on the sarcolemmal membrane, which enables the coupling of AC6 with the pro-survival PKA-STAT3 pathway. Our findings may facilitate the development of novel therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuo Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lin Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Si-Tse Jiang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Cyuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ping Lai
- Institute of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsiao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Maruyama T, Jiang M, Abbott A, Yu HMI, Huang Q, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Chen EI, Hsu W. Rap1b Is an Effector of Axin2 Regulating Crosstalk of Signaling Pathways During Skeletal Development. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1816-1828. [PMID: 28520221 PMCID: PMC5555789 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent identification and isolation of suture stem cells capable of long-term self-renewal, clonal expanding, and differentiating demonstrate their essential role in calvarial bone development, homeostasis, and injury repair. These bona fide stem cells express a high level of Axin2 and are able to mediate bone regeneration and repair in a cell autonomous fashion. The importance of Axin2 is further demonstrated by its genetic inactivation in mice causing skeletal deformities resembling craniosynostosis in humans. The fate determination and subsequent differentiation of Axin2+ stem cells are highly orchestrated by a variety of evolutionary conserved signaling pathways including Wnt, FGF, and BMP. These signals are often antagonistic of each other and possess differential effects on osteogenic and chondrogenic cell types. However, the mechanisms underlying the interplay of these signaling transductions remain largely elusive. Here we identify Rap1b acting downstream of Axin2 as a signaling interrogator for FGF and BMP. Genetic analysis reveals that Rap1b is essential for development of craniofacial and body skeletons. Axin2 regulates Rap1b through modulation of canonical BMP signaling. The BMP-mediated activation of Rap1b promotes chondrogenic fate and chondrogenesis. Furthermore, by inhibiting MAPK signaling, Rap1b mediates the antagonizing effect of BMP on FGF to repress osteoblast differentiation. Disruption of Rap1b in mice not only enhances osteoblast differentiation but also impairs chondrocyte differentiation during intramembranous and endochondral ossifications, respectively, leading to severe defects in craniofacial and body skeletons. Our findings reveal a dual role of Rap1b in development of the skeletogenic cell types. Rap1b is critical for balancing the signaling effects of BMP and FGF during skeletal development and disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Maruyama
- Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alycia Abbott
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H-M Ivy Yu
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qirong Huang
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Emily I Chen
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Hsu
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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38
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Feridooni T, Hotchkiss A, Baguma-Nibasheka M, Zhang F, Allen B, Chinni S, Pasumarthi KBS. Effects of β-adrenergic receptor drugs on embryonic ventricular cell proliferation and differentiation and their impact on donor cell transplantation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H919-H931. [PMID: 28283550 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00425.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and catecholamines are present in rodents as early as embryonic day (E)10.5. However, it is not known whether β-AR signaling plays any role in the proliferation and differentiation of ventricular cells in the embryonic heart. Here, we characterized expression profiles of β-AR subtypes and established dose-response curves for the nonselective β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) in the developing mouse ventricular cells. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of ISO on cell cycle activity and differentiation of cultured E11.5 ventricular cells. ISO treatment significantly reduced tritiated thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation rates in both cardiac progenitor cell and cardiomyocyte populations. The ISO-mediated effects on DNA synthesis could be abolished by cotreatment of E11.5 cultures with either metoprolol (a β1-AR antagonist) or ICI-118,551 (a β2-AR antagonist). In contrast, ISO-mediated effects on cell proliferation could be abolished only by metoprolol. Furthermore, ISO treatment significantly increased the percentage of differentiated cardiomyocytes compared with that in control cultures. Additional experiments revealed that β-AR stimulation leads to downregulation of Erk and Akt phosphorylation followed by significant decreases in cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 levels in E11.5 ventricular cells. Consistent with in vitro results, we found that chronic stimulation of recipient mice with ISO after intracardiac cell transplantation significantly decreased graft size, whereas metoprolol protected grafts from the inhibitory effects of systemic catecholamines. Collectively, these results underscore the effects of β-AR signaling in cardiac development as well as graft expansion after cell transplantation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation can decrease the proliferation of embryonic ventricular cells in vitro and reduce the graft size after intracardiac cell transplantation. In contrast, β1-AR antagonists can abrogate the antiproliferative effects mediated by β-AR stimulation and increase graft size. These results highlight potential interactions between adrenergic drugs and cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiam Feridooni
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam Hotchkiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Feixiong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brittney Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarita Chinni
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Mao LM, Wang JQ. Antagonism of Dopamine D2 Receptors Alters Phosphorylation of Fyn in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:524-530. [PMID: 28176147 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several Src family kinase (SFK) members are expressed in the mammalian brain and serve as key kinases in the regulation of a variety of cellular and synaptic events. These SFKs may be subject to the modulation by dopamine, although this topic has been investigated incompletely. In this study, we explored whether dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) regulate SFKs in adult rat brains in vivo. We investigated the role of D2Rs in two forebrain areas, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus, since dopamine plays a pivotal role in regulating activity of mPFC and hippocampal neurons and D2Rs are expressed in these regions. We found that a systemic injection of a D2R selective antagonist eticlopride elevated phosphorylation of SFKs at a conserved autophosphorylation site, an event correlated with activation of SFKs, in the mPFC. Similarly, antagonism of D2Rs by haloperidol increased SFK phosphorylation. In contrast, eticlopride and haloperidol did not alter SFK phosphorylation in the hippocampus. The effect of eticlopride was time-dependent and relatively delayed. Among two common SFK members enriched at synaptic sites, eticlopride selectively altered phosphorylation of Fyn but not Src. Our data suggest that D2Rs exert an inhibitory effect on the activity-related phosphorylation of Fyn in the mPFC under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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40
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Shakyawar DK, Dayma K, Ramadhas A, Varalakshmi C, Radha V. C3G shows regulated nucleocytoplasmic exchange and represses histone modifications associated with euchromatin. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:984-995. [PMID: 28148649 PMCID: PMC5385946 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C3G (RapGEF1), essential for mammalian embryonic development, shows dynamic nucleocytoplasmic exchange. Nuclear localization is regulated by NLSs, NES, and phosphorylation. C3G translocates to the nucleus in response to physiological stimuli and regulates chromatin modifications and gene expression. C3G (RapGEF1) is a ubiquitously expressed guanine nucleotide exchange factor that functions in signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and actin reorganization. It is essential for differentiation and early embryonic development in mice. Overexpressed C3G shows predominant cytoplasmic localization, but endogenous C3G is a component of nuclear fractions in a variety of cell types. Coexpression of importin-α and inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B resulted in predominant nuclear localization of C3G. Functional NLSs, NES, and GSK3-β–dependent phosphorylation regulate its dynamic nuclear localization. C3G translocates to the nucleus in response to myogenic differentiation and sublethal dose of cisplatin. C3G is associated with chromatin and nuclear matrix fractions. Cells with C3G localized in the nucleus showed peripheralization of heterochromatin and reduced histone modifications associated with euchromatin. Short hairpin RNA–mediated depletion of C3G in epithelial cells resulted in reduced expression of CDK inhibitors and the histone demethylase KDM5A. Myoblast clones with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of C3G failed to show repression of histone marks and did not show up-regulation of myosin heavy chain and myotube formation when grown in differentiation medium. Our results document regulated nucleocytoplasmic exchange of C3G in response to physiological stimuli and provide insights into nuclear functions for C3G.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunal Dayma
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Anesh Ramadhas
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Vegesna Radha
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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41
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c- Src and its role in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:401-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zasłona Z, Scruggs AM, Peters-Golden M, Huang SK. Protein kinase A inhibition of macrophage maturation is accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene. Immunology 2016; 149:225-37. [PMID: 27353657 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) plays a critical role in the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes from bone marrow precursors, and maturing monocytes and macrophages exhibit increased expression of the CSF-1 receptor, CSF1R. The expression of CSF1R is tightly regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. We previously showed that prostaglandin E2 and subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited CSF1R expression and macrophage maturation. Here, we examine the DNA methylation changes that occur at the Csf1r locus during macrophage maturation in the presence or absence of activated PKA. Murine bone marrow cells were matured to macrophages by incubating cells with CSF-1-containing conditioned medium for up to 6 days in the presence or absence of the PKA agonist 6-bnz-cAMP. DNA methylation of Csf1r promoter and enhancer regions was assayed by bisulphite pyrosequencing. DNA methylation of Csf1r decreased during normal macrophage maturation in concert with an increase in Csf1r mRNA expression. Treatment with the PKA agonist inhibited Csf1r mRNA and protein expression, and increased DNA methylation at the Csf1r promoter. This was associated with decreased binding of the transcription factor PU.1 to the Csf1r promoter. Treatment with the PKA agonist inhibited the responsiveness of macrophages to CSF-1. Levels of endogenous PKA activity decreased during normal macrophage maturation, suggesting that attenuation of this signalling pathway contributes to the increase in CSF1R expression during macrophage maturation. Together, these results demonstrate that macrophage maturation is accompanied by Csf1r hypomethylation, and illustrates for the first time the ability of PKA to increase Csf1r DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zasłona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne M Scruggs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Li Y, Dillon TJ, Takahashi M, Earley KT, Stork PJS. Protein Kinase A-independent Ras Protein Activation Cooperates with Rap1 Protein to Mediate Activation of the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases (ERK) by cAMP. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21584-21595. [PMID: 27531745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important mediator of hormonal stimulation of cell growth and differentiation through its activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. Two small G proteins, Ras and Rap1, have been proposed to mediate this activation, with either Ras or Rap1 acting in distinct cell types. Using Hek293 cells, we show that both Ras and Rap1 are required for cAMP signaling to ERKs. The roles of Ras and Rap1 were distinguished by their mechanism of activation, dependence on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and the magnitude and kinetics of their effects on ERKs. Ras was required for the early portion of ERK activation by cAMP and was activated independently of PKA. Ras activation required the Ras/Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) PDZ-GEF1. Importantly, this action of PDZ-GEF1 was disrupted by mutation within its putative cyclic nucleotide-binding domain within PDZ-GEF1. Compared with Ras, Rap1 activation of ERKs was of longer duration. Rap1 activation was dependent on PKA and required Src family kinases and the Rap1 exchanger C3G. This is the first report of a mechanism for the cooperative actions of Ras and Rap1 in cAMP activation of ERKs. One physiological role for the sustained activation of ERKs is the transcription and stabilization of a range of transcription factors, including c-FOS. We show that the induction of c-FOS by cAMP required both the early and sustained phases of ERK activation, requiring Ras and Rap1, as well as for each of the Raf isoforms, B-Raf and C-Raf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Tara J Dillon
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Maho Takahashi
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Keith T Earley
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Philip J S Stork
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
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Mohammad DK, Ali RH, Turunen JJ, Nore BF, Smith CIE. B Cell Receptor Activation Predominantly Regulates AKT-mTORC1/2 Substrates Functionally Related to RNA Processing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160255. [PMID: 27487157 PMCID: PMC4972398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylates numerous substrates on the consensus motif RXRXXpS/T, a docking site for 14-3-3 interactions. To identify novel AKT-induced phosphorylation events following B cell receptor (BCR) activation, we performed proteomics, biochemical and bioinformatics analyses. Phosphorylated consensus motif-specific antibody enrichment, followed by tandem mass spectrometry, identified 446 proteins, containing 186 novel phosphorylation events. Moreover, we found 85 proteins with up regulated phosphorylation, while in 277 it was down regulated following stimulation. Up regulation was mainly in proteins involved in ribosomal and translational regulation, DNA binding and transcription regulation. Conversely, down regulation was preferentially in RNA binding, mRNA splicing and mRNP export proteins. Immunoblotting of two identified RNA regulatory proteins, RBM25 and MEF-2D, confirmed the proteomics data. Consistent with these findings, the AKT-inhibitor (MK-2206) dramatically reduced, while the mTORC-inhibitor PP242 totally blocked phosphorylation on the RXRXXpS/T motif. This demonstrates that this motif, previously suggested as an AKT target sequence, also is a substrate for mTORC1/2. Proteins with PDZ, PH and/or SH3 domains contained the consensus motif, whereas in those with an HMG-box, H15 domains and/or NF-X1-zinc-fingers, the motif was absent. Proteins carrying the consensus motif were found in all eukaryotic clades indicating that they regulate a phylogenetically conserved set of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara K. Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge-Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, 44002 Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
- * E-mail: ; (DKM); (CIES)
| | - Raja H. Ali
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Swedish e-Science Research Center, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Communication, SE-171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Janne J. Turunen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge-Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beston F. Nore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge-Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
| | - C. I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge-Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: ; (DKM); (CIES)
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Watson LJ, Alexander KM, Mohan ML, Bowman AL, Mangmool S, Xiao K, Naga Prasad SV, Rockman HA. Phosphorylation of Src by phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated EGFR transactivation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1580-92. [PMID: 27169346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β2-Adrenergic receptors (β2AR) transactivate epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) through formation of a β2AR-EGFR complex that requires activation of Src to mediate signaling. Here, we show that both lipid and protein kinase activities of the bifunctional phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme are required for β2AR-stimulated EGFR transactivation. Mechanistically, the generation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-tris-phosphate (PIP3) by the lipid kinase function stabilizes β2AR-EGFR complexes while the protein kinase activity of PI3K regulates Src activation by direct phosphorylation. The protein kinase activity of PI3K phosphorylates serine residue 70 on Src to enhance its activity and induce EGFR transactivation following βAR stimulation. This newly identified function for PI3K, whereby Src is a substrate for the protein kinase activity of PI3K, is of importance since Src plays a key role in pathological and physiological signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Watson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Kevin M Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Amber L Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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Richter E, Ventz K, Harms M, Mostertz J, Hochgräfe F. Induction of Macrophage Function in Human THP-1 Cells Is Associated with Rewiring of MAPK Signaling and Activation of MAP3K7 (TAK1) Protein Kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:21. [PMID: 27066479 PMCID: PMC4811913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent the primary human host response to pathogen infection and link the immediate defense to the adaptive immune system. Mature tissue macrophages convert from circulating monocyte precursor cells by terminal differentiation in a process that is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the protein kinases of the human monocytic cell line THP-1 before and after induction of macrophage differentiation by using kinomics and phosphoproteomics. When comparing the macrophage-like state with the monocytic precursor, 50% of the kinome was altered in expression and even 71% of covered kinase phosphorylation sites were affected. Kinome rearrangements are for example characterized by a shift of overrepresented cyclin-dependent kinases associated with cell cycle control in monocytes to calmodulin-dependent kinases and kinases involved in proinflammatory signaling. Eventually, we show that monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is associated with major rewiring of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling networks and demonstrate that protein kinase MAP3K7 (TAK1) acts as the key signaling hub in bacterial killing, chemokine production and differentiation. Our study proves the fundamental role of protein kinases and cellular signaling as major drivers of macrophage differentiation and function. The finding that MAP3K7 is central to macrophage function suggests MAP3K7 and its networking partners as promising targets in host-directed therapy for macrophage-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Richter
- Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Ventz
- Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Harms
- Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Mostertz
- Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Falko Hochgräfe
- Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
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47
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Mao LM, Wang JQ. Dopamine D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of Fyn and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 phosphorylation in the rat striatum in vivo. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:329-38. [PMID: 26777117 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fyn, a major Src family kinase (SFK) member that is densely expressed in striatal neurons, is actively involved in the regulation of cellular and synaptic activities in local neurons. This SFK member is likely regulated by dopamine signaling through a receptor mechanism involving dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). This study characterizes the D2R-dependent regulation of Fyn in the rat striatum in vivo. Moreover, we explore whether D2Rs regulate metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in its tyrosine phosphorylation and whether the D2R-SFK pathway modulates trafficking of mGluR5. We found that blockade of D2Rs by systemic administration of a D2R antagonist, eticlopride, substantially increased SFK phosphorylation in the striatum. This increase was a transient and reversible event. The eticlopride-induced SFK phosphorylation occurred predominantly in immunopurified Fyn but not in another SFK member, Src. Eticlopride also elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of mGluR5. In parallel, eticlopride enhanced synaptic delivery of active Fyn and mGluR5. Pretreatment with an SFK inhibitor blocked the eticlopride-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and synaptic trafficking of mGluR5. These results indicate that D2Rs inhibit SFK (mainly Fyn) phosphorylation in the striatum. D2Rs also inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of mGluR5 through a signaling mechanism likely involving Fyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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48
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Pon CK, Lane JR, Sloan EK, Halls ML. The β2-adrenoceptor activates a positive cAMP-calcium feedforward loop to drive breast cancer cell invasion. FASEB J 2015; 30:1144-54. [PMID: 26578688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system by stress increases breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Preclinical studies suggest that stress activates β-adrenoceptors (βARs) to enhance metastasis from primary tumors and that β-blockers may be protective in breast cancer. However, the subtype of βAR that mediates this effect, as well as the signaling mechanisms underlying increased tumor cell dissemination, remain unclear. We show that the β2AR is the only functionally relevant βAR subtype in the highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231HM. β2AR activation results in elevated cAMP (formoterol pEC50 9.86 ± 0.32), increased intracellular Ca(2+) (formoterol pEC50 8.20 ± 0.33) and reduced phosphorylated ERK (pERK; formoterol pIC50 11.62 ± 0.31). We demonstrate that a highly amplified positive feedforward loop between the cAMP and Ca(2+) pathways is responsible for efficient inhibition of basal pERK. Importantly, activation of the β2AR increased invasion (formoterol area under the curve [AUC] relative to vehicle: 1.82 ± 0.36), which was dependent on the cAMP/Ca(2+) loop (formoterol AUC in the presence of 2'5'-dideoxyadenosine 0.64 ± 0.03, or BAPTA-AM 0.45 ± 0.23) but independent of inhibition of basal pERK1/2 (vehicle AUC with U0126 0.60 ± 0.30). Specifically targeting the positive feedforward cAMP/Ca(2+) loop may be beneficial for the development of therapeutics to slow disease progression in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy K Pon
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Robert Lane
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Vitali E, Cambiaghi V, Spada A, Tresoldi A, Zerbi A, Peverelli E, Carnaghi C, Mantovani G, Lania AG. cAMP effects in neuroendocrine tumors: The role of Epac and PKA in cell proliferation and adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:241-51. [PMID: 26589262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
cAMP effects have been initially attributed to protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Subsequently, two exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac1/2) have been identified as cAMP targets. Aim of this study was to investigate cAMP effects in pancreatic-NET (P-NET) and bronchial carcinoids and in corresponding cell lines (QGP-1 and H727) on cell proliferation and adhesion and to determine PKA and Epac role in mediating these effects. We found that cAMP increased cyclin D1 expression in P-NET and QGP-1 cells, whereas it had opposite effects on bronchial carcinoids and H727 cells and it promoted cell adhesion in QGP-1 and H727 cells. These effects are mimicked by Epac and PKA specific analogs, activating the small GTPase Rap1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cAMP exerted divergent effects on proliferation and promoted cell adhesion of different neuroendocrine cell types, these effects being mediated by both Epac and PKA and involving the same effector GTPase Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vitali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V Cambiaghi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Spada
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Tresoldi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Zerbi
- Pancreas Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Peverelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - C Carnaghi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Mantovani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A G Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Rozzano, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
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50
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Wang W, Guo C, Zhu P, Lu J, Li W, Liu C, Xie H, Myatt L, Chen ZJ, Sun K. Phosphorylation of STAT3 mediates the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by cortisol in the human amnion at parturition. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra106. [PMID: 26508788 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and subsequent production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cortisol in the amnion contrast with the effect of cortisol on most other tissues, but this proinflammatory effect of cortisol may be a key event in human parturition (labor). We evaluated the underlying mechanism activated by cortisol in primary human amnion fibroblasts. Exposure of the amnion fibroblasts to cortisol led to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which induced the phosphorylation of the kinase SRC and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). STAT3 interacted with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the transcription factor CREB-1 (cAMP response element-binding protein 1) at the promoter of the gene encoding COX-2, which promoted the production of the secreted prostaglandin PGE2. PGE2 activates the prostaglandin receptors EP2 and EP4, which stimulate cAMP-PKA signaling. Thus, cortisol reinforced the activation of cAMP-PKA signaling through an SRC-STAT3-COX-2-PGE2-mediated feedback loop. Inhibiting STAT3, SRC, or the cAMP-PKA pathway attenuated the cortisol-stimulated induction of COX-2 and PGE2 production in amnion fibroblasts. In human amnion tissue, the amount of phosphorylated STAT3 correlated positively with that of cortisol, COX-2, and PGE2, and all were more abundant in tissue obtained after active labor than in tissue obtained from cesarean surgeries in the absence of labor. These results indicated that the coordinated recruitment of STAT3, CREB-1, and GR to the promoter of the gene encoding COX-2 contributes to the feed-forward induction of COX-2 activity and prostaglandin synthesis in the amnion during parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 401 Hospital, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China.
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