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Zelisko N, Lesyk R, Stoika R. Structure, unique biological properties, and mechanisms of action of transforming growth factor β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107611. [PMID: 38964148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule consisting of two subunits joined through a disulphide bond. In mammals, three genes code for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms of this cytokine with a dominating expression of TGF-β1. Virtually, all normal cells contain TGF-β and its specific receptors. Considering the exceptional role of fine balance played by the TGF-β in anumber of physiological and pathological processes in human body, this cytokine may be proposed for use in medicine as an immunosuppressant in transplantology, wound healing and bone repair. TGFb itself is an important target in oncology. Strategies for blocking members of TGF-β signaling pathway as therapeutic targets have been considered. In this review, signalling mechanisms of TGF-β1 action are addressed, and their role in physiology and pathology with main focus on carcinogenesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Zelisko
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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Petersen SH, Al Badawy K, Hopkins R, Vu DL, Rahmani M, Maia SM, Connolly JE. A novel GPI-anchored dominant-negative TGF-β receptor II renders T cells unresponsive to TGF-β signaling. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100730. [PMID: 37829123 PMCID: PMC10565558 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by a wide range of cell types and is known for hampering the effectiveness of cancer immune cell therapeutic approaches. We have designed a novel construct containing the extracellular domain of the TGF-β receptor II linked to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor (GPI-ecto-TβRII) lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic signaling domain of TGF-β receptor II (TβRII). T cells transduced with lentivirus expressing the GPI-ecto-TβRII construct show 5 to 15 times higher membrane expression compared with a previously established dominant-negative receptor carrying a truncated signaling domain. GPI-ecto-TβRII expression renders T cells unresponsive to TGF-β-induced signaling seen by a lack of SMAD phosphorylation upon exogeneous TGF-β treatment. Transduced T cells continue to express high levels of IFNγ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), among other cytokines, in the presence of TGF-β while cytokine expression in untransduced T cells is being markedly suppressed. Furthermore, T cells expressing GPI-ecto-TβRII constructs have been shown to efficiently capture and inactivate TGF-β from their environment. These results indicate the potential benefits of GPI-ecto-TβRII expressing cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dang L. Vu
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sonia M.P. Maia
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E. Connolly
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University Medical Center, Waco, TX, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hussen BM, Saleem SJ, Abdullah SR, Mohamadtahr S, Hidayat HJ, Rasul MF, Taheri M, Kiani A. Current landscape of miRNAs and TGF-β signaling in lung cancer progression and therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 72:101929. [PMID: 37683829 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the primary reason for cancer-associated fatalities globally. Due to both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activities, the TGF-β family of growth factors is extremely essential to tumorigenesis. A non-coding single-stranded short RNA called microRNA (miRNA), which is made up of about 22 nt and is encoded by endogenous genes, can control normal and pathological pathways in various kinds of cancer, including LC. Recent research demonstrated that the TGF-β signaling directly can affect the synthesis of miRNAs through suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)-dependent activity or other unidentified pathways, which could generate allostatic feedback as a result of TGF-β signaling stimulation and ultimately affect the destiny of cancer tissues. In this review, we emphasize the critical functions of miRNAs in lung cancer progression and, more critically, how they affect the TGF-β signaling pathway, and explore the role of both the TGF-β signaling pathway and miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for improving the treatments of LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Safeen Jasim Saleem
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arda Kiani
- Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Lung Research and Developmental Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Zhou Z, Jiang X, He S, Wei F, Cui Y, Yang L, Zhao G. Mettl14 sustains FOXP3 expression to promote the differentiation and functions of induced-regulatory T cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. Immunol Lett 2023; 258:35-44. [PMID: 37121553 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Induced regulatory T cell (iTregs) can be generated in vitro. Thus, iTregs-based therapeutics are receiving increased attention for their potential to treat autoimmune diseases and prevent transplant rejection. However, iTregs fail to maintain FoxP3 expression and suppressive activity, which limits their clinical application. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), a critical component of the m6A writer complex, regulates the stability and function of the Treg cells. However, beyond meeting the epigenetic modification of Treg cells, whether Mettl14 plays a role in the fate determination of iTregs is unclear. Here, we systemically investigated the potential function of METTL14 in iTregs differentiation and regulatory activity. In our study, iTregs were generated from CD4+ naïve T cells under iTreg-polarizing conditions, we found that the expression of METTL14 was increased in iTregs compared with CD4+ naïve T cells. Subsequently, the expression of METTL14 was knocked down by siRNA-METTL14 interference in CD4+ naïve T cells and cultured under iTreg-polarizing conditions. According to the results, Mettl14 deficiency resulted in the disruption of iTregs differentiation evidenced by the limited FoxP3 expression. Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17a were upregulated in cultured iTregs. We next determined the functional change in METTL14-deficient iTregs. The results of the colitis development in Rag1-/- mice and CFSE assays revealed that loss of METTL14 significantly compromised the suppressive function of iTregs in vivo and in vitro. We further checked the altered signaling pathway in METTL14-deficient iTregs. We found that reduced METTL14 leads to activation of the mTOR pathway with increased p-mTOR and p-p70S6K, which are known to modulate the suppressive function of iTregs. In conclusion, our study revealed that Mettl14 plays a critical role in the development and suppressive function of iTregs in vitro and could thus serve as a regulatory element for stabilizing iTregs in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yinglin Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Gaoping Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
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Xu J, Liu O, Wang D, Wang F, Zhang D, Jin W, Cain A, Bynum A, Liu N, Han Y, Chen W. In Vivo Generation of SSA/Ro Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Improves Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1699-1705. [PMID: 35606923 PMCID: PMC9811988 DOI: 10.1002/art.42244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and T cells play an important role in the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. In this study, we developed an immunotherapy for NOD/LtJ mice with SS-like symptoms by combining a transient depletion of CD4+ T cells with the administration of autoantigen-specific peptide Ro480. METHODS NOD/LtJ mice were treated with single anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) followed 2 days later by a series of 6 intraperitoneal injections of Ro480-494 every other day. Salivary flow rates were determined pre- and posttreatment once a week. Mice were euthanized 6 weeks after the initial anti-CD4 mAb treatment, salivary glands (SGs) were collected for analyses of histologic disease scores and inflammatory cell infiltration, polymerase chain reaction determination of genes was conducted, and flow cytometry analysis including major histocompatibility complex class II tetramer staining of immune cells was performed. In addition, adoptive transfer of Treg cells was administrated to investigate the function of the newly generating Treg cells in vivo. RESULTS The combination of anti-CD4 mAb with autoantigen-specific peptide Ro480 generated SSA/Ro antigen-specific Treg cells in vivo, which can suppress interferon-γ production of CD4+ T cells and inflammation infiltration in SGs and maintain the function of SGs. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a new approach to generating antigen-specific Treg cells in vivo for SS treatment, which may have implications for potential therapy for patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Xu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fu Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Cain
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Bynum
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yichen Han
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Lead Contact
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McRitchie BR, Akkaya B. Exhaust the exhausters: Targeting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940052. [PMID: 36248808 PMCID: PMC9562032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer immunotherapy has gained immense momentum over the recent years. The advancements in checkpoint blockade have led to a notable progress in treating a plethora of cancer types. However, these approaches also appear to have stalled due to factors such as individuals' genetic make-up, resistant tumor sub-types and immune related adverse events (irAE). While the major focus of immunotherapies has largely been alleviating the cell-intrinsic defects of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), amending the relationship between tumor specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells has started driving attention as well. A major roadblock to improve the cross-talk between CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells is the immune suppressive action of tumor infiltrating T regulatory (Treg) cells. Despite their indispensable in protecting tissues against autoimmune threats, Tregs have also been under scrutiny for helping tumors thrive. This review addresses how Tregs establish themselves at the TME and suppress anti-tumor immunity. Particularly, we delve into factors that promote Treg migration into tumor tissue and discuss the unique cellular and humoral composition of TME that aids survival, differentiation and function of intratumoral Tregs. Furthermore, we summarize the potential suppression mechanisms used by intratumoral Tregs and discuss ways to target those to ultimately guide new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayley R. McRitchie
- Department of Neurology, The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Billur Akkaya
- Department of Neurology, The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Billur Akkaya,
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Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer Ascites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810692. [PMID: 36142615 PMCID: PMC9504085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a specific type of metastasis, via transcoelomic, and most of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with multiple tumors spread within the peritoneal cavity. The role of Malignant Ascites (MA) is to serve as a transporter of tumor cells from the primary location to the peritoneal wall or to the surface of the peritoneal organs. MA comprise cellular components with tumor and non-tumor cells and acellular components, creating a unique microenvironment capable of modifying the tumor behavior. These microenvironment factors influence tumor cell proliferation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune evasion, suggesting that MA play an active role in OC progression. Tumor cells induce a complex immune suppression that neutralizes antitumor immunity, leading to disease progression and treatment failure, provoking a tumor-promoting environment. In this review, we will focus on the High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) microenvironment with special attention to the tumor microenvironment immunology.
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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in Cancer-Induced Cachexia: From Molecular Pathways to the Clinics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172671. [PMID: 36078078 PMCID: PMC9454487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome consisting of massive loss of muscle mass and function that has a severe impact on the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Up to 20% of lung cancer patients and up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed with cachexia, leading to death in 20% of them. The main drivers of cachexia are cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Besides its double-edged role as a tumor suppressor and activator, TGF-β causes muscle loss through myostatin-based signaling, involved in the reduction in protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation. Additionally, TGF-β induces inhibin and activin, causing weight loss and muscle depletion, while MIC-1/GDF15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, leads to anorexia and so, indirectly, to muscle wasting, acting on the hypothalamus center. Against this background, the blockade of TGF-β is tested as a potential mechanism to revert cachexia, and antibodies against TGF-β reduced weight and muscle loss in murine models of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the role of the TGF-β pathway and to a minor extent of other molecules including microRNA in cancer onset and progression with a special focus on their involvement in cachexia, to enlighten whether TGF-β and such other players could be potential targets for therapy.
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9
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Inflammation and Gastric Cancer. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030035. [PMID: 35892729 PMCID: PMC9326573 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a major killer globally, although its incidence has declined over the past century. It is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer is the outcome of a complex interaction between environmental, host genetic, and microbial factors. There is significant evidence supporting the association between chronic inflammation and the onset of cancer. This association is particularly robust for gastrointestinal cancers in which microbial pathogens are responsible for the chronic inflammation that can be a triggering factor for the onset of those cancers. Helicobacter pylori is the most prominent example since it is the most widespread infection, affecting nearly half of the world’s population. It is well-known to be responsible for inducing chronic gastric inflammation progressing to atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and eventually, gastric cancer. This review provides an overview of the association of the factors playing a role in chronic inflammation; the bacterial characteristics which are responsible for the colonization, persistence in the stomach, and triggering of inflammation; the microbiome involved in the chronic inflammation process; and the host factors that have a role in determining whether gastritis progresses to gastric cancer. Understanding these interconnections may improve our ability to prevent gastric cancer development and enhance our understanding of existing cases.
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Khare VM, Saxena VK, Pasternak MA, Nyinawabera A, Singh KB, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 2021; 23:12-22. [PMID: 34934184 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
| | - Vishesh K Saxena
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kunwar B Singh
- Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Immune Milieu and Genomic Alterations Set the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulatory Subtype Tumor Behavior. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246256. [PMID: 34944876 PMCID: PMC8699570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly heterogeneous breast cancer subtype, both molecular and transcriptomic. Gene expression patterns identified seven TNBC subtypes; basal-like 1 (BL1), basal-like 2 (BL2), immunomodulatory (IM), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem-like (MSL), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), and unstable (UNS). Herein, we contrasted the IM subtype with non-IM TNBC, including clinical, histopathological, and molecular variables. Our results showed that the IM subtype featured an increased FOXP3+ TILs infiltration and a higher CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression compared with non-IM tumors. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs associated with the immune response through transcriptomic and enrichment analyses characterized the IM-subtype enriched by the β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, DNA sequencing identified differences in mutation rates as well as some specific mutations. These results should motivate the design of future clinical trials in which the benefit of immune-based therapy in this subgroup of patients could be evaluated. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease. Seven subtypes have been described based on gene expression patterns. Herein, we characterized the tumor biology and clinical behavior of the immunomodulatory (IM) subtype. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 68 high-risk (stage III-IV) TNBC patients were analyzed through microarrays, immunohistochemistry, and DNA sequencing. Results: The IM subtype was identified in 24% of TNBC tumor samples and characterized by a higher intratumoral (intT) and stromal (strml) infiltration of FOXP3+ TILs (Treg) compared with non-IM subtypes. Further, PD-L1+ (>1%) expression was significantly higher, as well as CTLA-4+ intT and strml expression in the IM subtype. Differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis identified biological processes associated with the immune system. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of the β-catenin signaling pathway. The non-coding analysis led to seven Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNAs (lincRNAs) (6 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated) that were associated with a favorable prognosis in the TNBC-IM subtype. The DNA sequencing highlighted two genes relevant to immune system responses: CTNNB1 (Catenin β-1) and IDH1. Conclusion: the IM subtype showed a distinct immune microenvironment, as well as subtype-specific genomic alterations. Characterizing TNBC at a molecular and transcriptomic level might guide immune-based therapy in this subgroup of patients.
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Babyshkina N, Dronova T, Erdyneeva D, Gervas P, Cherdyntseva N. Role of TGF-β signaling in the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:62-69. [PMID: 34635390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays complex role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in breast cancer. TGF-β activation can lead to multiple cellular responses mediating the drug resistance evolution, including the resistance to antiestrogens. Tamoxifen is the most commonly prescribed antiestrogen that functionally involved in regulation of TGF-β activity. In this review, we focus on the role of TGF-β signaling in the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance, including its interaction with estrogen receptors alfa (ERα) pathway and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). We summarize the current reported data regarding TGF-β signaling components as markers of tamoxifen resistance and review current approaches to overcoming tamoxifen resistance based on studies of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Babyshkina
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Саncеr Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatyana Dronova
- Department of Biology of Tumor Progression, Саncеr Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Daiana Erdyneeva
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Саncеr Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Gervas
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Саncеr Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Nadejda Cherdyntseva
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Саncеr Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
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13
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Huang F, Hu L, Zhang Y, Qu X, Xu J. BMP4 Moderates Glycolysis and Regulates Activation and Interferon-Gamma Production in CD4+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702211. [PMID: 34413854 PMCID: PMC8368433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP4 is a key growth factor well known in promoting bone regeneration and has been reported to be able to regulate T cell development in the thymus. Here, we showed that BMP4 downregulates the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells and the IFN-γ production of CD4+ T cells without increasing regulatory T cells. BMP4 could also moderate glycolysis of T cells and regulate Hif1α expression. Furthermore, BMP4 showed a suppressive function on the IFN-γ production of CD4+ T cells in vivo. These findings indicating a mechanism by which BMP-4 may regulate activation and IFN-γ production in CD4+ T cells via metabolism moderation and suggests that BMP4 may be a potential therapeutic supplement in autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingmin Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Waldmann H. Regulatory T cells and transplantation tolerance: Emerging from the darkness? Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1580-1591. [PMID: 33961297 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of patients with failing organs. Its success, thus far, has depended on combinations of immunosuppressive drugs that damp host immunity, while also imposing numerous unwanted side-effects. There is a longstanding recognition that better treatment outcomes, will come from replacing these drugs, fully or in part, by taking advantage of tractable physiological mechanisms of self-tolerance. The past 50 years have seen many advances in the field of self-tolerance, but perhaps, the most tractable of these has been the more recent discovery of a subset T-cells (Treg) whose role is to regulate or damp immunity. This article is intended to first provide the reader with some historical background to explain why we have been slow to identify these cells, despite numerous clues to their existence, and also to indicate how little we know about how they achieve their regulatory function in averting transplant rejection. However, as is often the case in immunology, the therapeutic needs often dictate that our advances move to translation even before detailed explanations of the science are available. The final part of the article will briefly summarize how Treg are being harnessed as agents to interface with or perhaps, replace current drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
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15
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Tsujimoto H, Kobayashi M, Sugasawa H, Ono S, Kishi Y, Ueno H. Potential mechanisms of tumor progression associated with postoperative infectious complications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:285-296. [PMID: 33389285 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that postoperative infectious complications (PICs) are associated with poor prognosis after potentially curative surgery. However, the role that PICs play in tumor development remains unclear. In this article, we reviewed the literature for novel insights on the mechanisms of cancer progression associated with PICs. The Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for publications regarding the role of suppression of antitumor immunity by PIC in tumor progression and selected 916 manuscripts were selected for this review. In addition, a summary of the authors' own experimental data from this field was set in the context of current knowledge regarding cancer progression under septic conditions. Initially, sepsis/microbial infection dramatically activates the systemic immune system with increases in pro-inflammatory mediators, which results in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome; however, when sepsis persists in septic patients, a shift toward an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive state, characterized by macrophage deactivation, reduced antigen presentation, T cell anergy, and a shift in the T helper cell pattern to a predominantly TH2-type response, occurs. Thus, various cytokine reactions and the immune status dynamically change during microbial infection, including PIC. We proposed three possible mechanisms for the tumor progression associated with PIC: first, a mechanism in which microbes and/or microbial PAMPs may be directly involved in cancer growth; second, a mechanism in which factors released from immunocompetent cells during infections may affect tumor progression; and third, a mechanism in which factors suppress host tumor immunity during infections, which may result in tumor progression. A more detailed understanding by surgeons of the immunological features in cancer patients with PIC can subsequently open new avenues for improving unfavorable long-term oncological outcomes associated with PICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsujimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Minako Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sugasawa
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ono
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8513, Japan
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16
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Roane BM, Meza-Perez S, Katre AA, Goldsberry WN, Randall TD, Norian LA, Birrer MJ, Arend RC. Neutralization of TGFβ Improves Tumor Immunity and Reduces Tumor Progression in Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:602-611. [PMID: 33323456 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effects of TGFβ promotes tumor progression and diminishes response to therapy. In this study, we used ID8-p53-/- tumors as a murine model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. An mAb targeting all three TGFβ ligands was used to neutralize TGFβ. Ascites and omentum were collected and changes in T-cell response were measured using flow. Treatment with anti-TGFβ therapy every other day following injection of tumor cells resulted in decreased ascites volume (4.1 mL vs. 0.7 mL; P < 0.001) and improved the CD8:Treg ratio (0.37 vs. 2.5; P = 0.02) compared with untreated mice. A single dose of therapy prior to tumor challenge resulted in a similar reduction of ascites volume (2.7 vs. 0.67 mL; P = 0.002) and increased CD8:Tregs ratio (0.36 vs. 1.49; P = 0.007), while also significantly reducing omental weight (114.9 mg vs. 93.4 mg; P = 0.017). Beginning treatment before inoculation with tumor cells and continuing for 6 weeks, we observe similar changes and prolonged overall survival (median 70 days vs. 57.5 days). TGFβ neutralization results in favorable changes to the T-cell response within the tumor microenvironment, leading to decreased tumor progression in ovarian cancer. The utilization of anti-TGFβ therapy may be an option for management in patients with ovarian cancer to improve clinical outcomes and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Roane
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashwini A Katre
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Whitney N Goldsberry
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
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17
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Nanoparticle mediated cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:307-324. [PMID: 32259643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The versatility and nanoscale size have helped nanoparticles (NPs) improve the efficacy of conventional cancer immunotherapy and opened up exciting approaches to combat cancer. This review first outlines the tumor immune evasion and the defensive tumor microenvironment (TME) that hinders the activity of host immune system against tumor. Then, a detailed description on how the NP based strategies have helped improve the efficacy of conventional cancer vaccines and overcome the obstacles led by TME. Sustained and controlled drug delivery, enhanced cross presentation by immune cells, co-encapsulation of adjuvants, inhibition of immune checkpoints and intrinsic adjuvant like properties have aided NPs to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. Also, NPs have been efficient modulators of TME. In this context, NPs facilitate better penetration of the chemotherapeutic drug by dissolution of the inhibitory meshwork formed by tumor associated cells, blood vessels, soluble mediators and extra cellular matrix in TME. NPs achieve this by suppression, modulation, or reprogramming of the immune cells and other mediators localised in TME. This review further summarizes the applications of NPs used to enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines and modulate the TME to improve cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the hurdles faced in commercialization and translation to clinic have been discussed and intriguingly, NPs owe great potential to emerge as clinical formulations for cancer immunotherapy in near future.
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18
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Zhang JH, Deng JH, Yao XL, Wang JL, Xiao JH. CD4 +CD25 + Tregs as dependent factor in the course of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Exp Cell Res 2019; 386:111700. [PMID: 31678213 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is felt to play an essential role in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and immune homeostasis, but their role in the pathogenesis of PF is controversial and still unclear. We here explored the relationship between peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ Tregs and the course of bleomycin-induced PF in mice. Mouse PF models were established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Lung histology, hydroxyproline, Th1/Th2 balanc, CD4+CD25+ Tregse were analyzed at the 3rd,7th,14th,21st and 28th days after instillation. CD4+CD25+ Tregs were also transferred into mice with or without PF by tail vein injection. The trend of CD4+CD25+ Tregs changes was increased firstly, decreased, increased again from 7th to 28th days after bleomycin instillation, which had great relevance with alveolitis and fibrosis scores. There also were high Th1 polarization index from 3rd to 14th days and high Th2 polarization index at 21st and 28th days after bleomycin treatment. CD4+CD25+ Tregs could promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines and inhibit the secretion of Th1 cytokines, allow the Th1/Th2 balance to Th2 direction in PF. Moreover, preventive adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ Tregs may ameliorate the process of PF, while acute adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ Tregs may aggravate the process of PF. These findings suggested that the dynamic changes of CD4+CD25+ Tregs as dependent factor might designate a different course of PF induced by bleomycin in mice, and might be a selected drug use indicator for therapy of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xia-Li Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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19
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Garo LP, Ajay AK, Fujiwara M, Beynon V, Kuhn C, Gabriely G, Sadhukan S, Raheja R, Rubino S, Weiner HL, Murugaiyan G. Smad7 Controls Immunoregulatory PDL2/1-PD1 Signaling in Intestinal Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3353-3366.e5. [PMID: 31553906 PMCID: PMC6925592 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smad7, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we found that Smad7 mediates intestinal inflammation by limiting the PDL2/1-PD1 axis in dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+T cells. Smad7 deficiency in DCs promotes TGF-β responsiveness and the co-inhibitory molecules PDL2/1 on DCs, and it further imprints T cell-PD1 signaling to promote Treg differentiation. DC-specific Smad7 deletion mitigates DSS-induced colitis by inducing CD103+PDL2/1+DCs and Tregs. In addition, Smad7 deficiency in CD4+T cells promotes PD1 and PD1-induced Tregs in vitro. The transfer of Smad7-deficient CD4+T cells enhances Tregs in vivo and protects against T cell-mediated colitis. Furthermore, Smad7 antisense ameliorates DSS-induced UC, increasing TGF-β and PDL2/1-PD1 signaling. Enhancing PD1 signaling directly via Fc-fused PDL2/1 is also beneficial. Our results identify how Smad7 mediates intestinal inflammation and leverages these pathways therapeutically, providing additional strategies for IBD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien P Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amrendra K Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vanessa Beynon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chantal Kuhn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Supriya Sadhukan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radhika Raheja
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Roane BM, Arend RC, Birrer MJ. Review: Targeting the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050668. [PMID: 31091744 PMCID: PMC6562901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, there has been limited progress in optimizing treatment of ovarian cancer patients. The vast majority of patients experience recurrence within a few years despite a high response rate to upfront therapy. The minimal improvement in overall survival of ovarian cancer patients in recent decades has directed research towards identifying specific biomarkers that serve both as prognostic factors and targets for therapy. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a superfamily of proteins that have been well studied and implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, both in normal physiologic development and malignant cellular growth. Hypersignaling via the TGF-β pathway is associated with increased tumor dissemination through various processes including immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, and increased epithelial to mesenchymal transformation. This pathway has been studied in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. As targeted therapy has become increasingly prominent in drug development and clinical research, biomarkers such as TGF-β are being studied to improve outcomes in the ovarian cancer patient population. This review article discusses the role of TGF-β in ovarian cancer progression, the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling, and the targeted therapies aimed at the TGF-β pathway that are currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Roane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Michael J Birrer
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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21
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Kasagi S, Wang D, Zhang P, Zanvit P, Chen H, Zhang D, Li J, Che L, Maruyama T, Nakatsukasa H, Wu R, Jin W, Sun L, Chen W. Combination of apoptotic T cell induction and self-peptide administration for therapy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:50-59. [PMID: 31097410 PMCID: PMC6603850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials on multiple sclerosis with repeated injections of monoclonal antibodies depleting CD4+ T cells have not resulted in much success as a disease therapy. Here, we developed an immunotherapy for EAE in mice by combining a transient depletion of T cells together with the administration of neuron derived peptides. METHODS EAE was induced in SJL and C57BL/6 mice, by proteolipid protein peptide PLP139-151 (pPLP) and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG35-55 (pMOG) peptides, respectively. Anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibody were injected intraperitoneally before or after peptide immunization. EAE scores were evaluated and histology data from brain and spinal cord were analyzed. Splenocytes were isolated and CD4+, CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells were purified and cultured in the presence of either specific peptides or anti-CD3 antibody and proliferation of T cells as well as cytokines in supernatant were assessed. FINDINGS This experimental treatment exhibited therapeutic effects on mice with established EAE in pPLP-susceptible SJL mice and pMOG-susceptible C57BL/6 mice. Mechanistically, we revealed that antibody-induced apoptotic T cells triggered macrophages to produce TGFβ, and together with administered auto-antigenic peptides, generated antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in vivo. INTERPRETATION We successfully developed a specific immunotherapy to EAE by generating autoantigen-specific Treg cells. These findings have overcome the drawbacks of long and repeated depletion of CD4+ T cells, but also obtained long-term immune tolerance, which should have clinical implications for the development of a new effective therapy for multiple sclerosis. FUND: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIDCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kasagi
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Che
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Ruiqing Wu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Ito JT, Cervilha DADB, Lourenço JD, Gonçalves NG, Volpini RA, Caldini EG, Landman G, Lin CJ, Velosa APP, Teodoro WPR, Tibério IDFLC, Mauad T, Martins MDA, Macchione M, Lopes FDTQDS. Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression: A temporal analysis using a CS-induced model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209351. [PMID: 30629626 PMCID: PMC6328193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses plays a pivotal role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression. To clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease, we performed a temporal analysis of immune response-mediated inflammatory progression in a cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mouse model with a focus on the balance between Th17 and Treg responses. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1, 3 or 6 months to induce COPD, and the control groups were maintained under filtered air conditions for the same time intervals. We then performed functional (respiratory mechanics) and structural (alveolar enlargement) analyses. We also quantified the NF-κB, TNF-α, CD4, CD8, CD20, IL-17, IL-6, FOXP3, IL-10, or TGF-β positive cells in peribronchovascular areas and assessed FOXP3 and IL-10 expression through double-label immunofluorescence. Additionally, we evaluated the gene expression of NF-κB and TNF in bronchiolar epithelial cells. Results Our CS-induced COPD model exhibited an increased proinflammatory immune response (increased expression of the NF-κB, TNF-α, CD4, CD8, CD20, IL-17, and IL-6 markers) with a concomitantly decreased anti-inflammatory immune response (FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β markers) compared with the control mice. These changes in the immune responses were associated with increased alveolar enlargement and impaired lung function starting on the first month and third month of CS exposure, respectively, compared with the control mice. Conclusion Our results showed that the microenvironmental stimuli produced by the release of cytokines during COPD progression lead to a Th17/Treg imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Gomes Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rildo Aparecido Volpini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory on Kidney Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilles Landman
- Department of Pathology, Multi-purpose Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chin Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Paganelli Rosolia Teodoro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wei W, Huang Y, Li D, Gou HF, Wang W. Improved therapeutic potential of MSCs by genetic modification. Gene Ther 2018; 25:538-547. [PMID: 30254305 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), well-studied adult stem cells in various tissues, possess multi-lineage differentiation potential and anti-inflammatory properties. MSCs have been approved to regenerate lineage-specific cells to replace injured cells in tissues. MSCs are approved to treat inflammatory diseases. With the discovery of genes important for the repair of damaged tissues, MSCs genetically modified by such genes hold improved therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarised the uses of genetically modified MSCs to treat different diseases, including bone diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, central nervous system disorders, and cancer. To better understand the exact role of genetically modified MSCs, key mechanisms determining, which genes are selected to be used for modifying MSCs and improvements in post-genetic modification are discussed. Therapeutic benefits enhanced by genetic modifications are to be documented by further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Feng Gou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, cell motility, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity. It has a paradoxical role in cancer. In the early stages it inhibits cellular transformation and prevents cancer progression. In later stages TGF-β plays a key role in promoting tumor progression through mainly 3 mechanisms: facilitating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, stimulating angiogenesis and inducing immunosuppression. As a result of its opposing tumor promoting and tumor suppressive abilities, TGF-β and its pathway has represented potential opportunities for drug development and several therapies targeting the TGF-β pathway have been identified. This review focuses on identifying the mechanisms through which TGF-β is involved in tumorigenesis and current therapeutics that are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulsal Haque
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - John C Morris
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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25
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Konkel JE, Zhang D, Zanvit P, Chia C, Zangarle-Murray T, Jin W, Wang S, Chen W. Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Regulatory T Cells Controls T Helper-17 Cells and Tissue-Specific Immune Responses. Immunity 2017; 46:660-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Bagheri V, Memar B, Momtazi AA, Sahebkar A, Gholamin M, Abbaszadegan MR. Cytokine networks and their association with Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2791-2803. [PMID: 28121015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine networks as dynamic networks are pivotal aspects of tumor immunology, especially in gastric cancer (GC), in which infection, inflammation, and antitumor immunity are key elements of disease progression. In this review, we describe functional roles of well-known GC-modulatory cytokines, highlight the functions of cytokines with more recently described roles in GC, and emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting the complex cytokine milieu. We also focus on the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP)-induced inflammation in GC and discuss how HP-induced chronic inflammation can lead to the induction of stem cell hyperplasia, morphological changes in gastric mucosa and GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Bagheri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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29
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Orr S, Strominger I, Eremenko E, Vinogradov E, Ruvinov E, Monsonego A, Cohen S. TGF-β affinity-bound to a macroporous alginate scaffold generates local and peripheral immunotolerant responses and improves allocell transplantation. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:196-209. [PMID: 27523029 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing vascularization of cell-transplantation devices is necessary for maintaining cell viability and integration within the host, but it also increases the risk of allograft rejection. Here, we investigated the feasibility of generating an immunoregulatory environment in a highly vascularized macroporous alginate scaffold by affinity-binding of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a manner mimicking its binding to heparan sulfate. Using this device to transplant allofibroblasts under the kidney capsule resulted in the induction of local and peripheral TGF-β-dependent immunotolerance, characterized by higher frequency of immature dendritic cells and regulatory T cells within the device and by markedly reduced allofibroblast-specific T-cell response in the spleen, thereby increasing the viability of the transplanted cells. Culturing whole splenocytes in the TGF-β-bound scaffold indicated that the regulatory function of TGF-β is IL-10-dependent. We thus demonstrate a novel platform for transplantation devices, designed to promote an immunoregulatory microenvironment suitable for cell transplantation and autoimmune regulation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Allogeneic cell graft transplantation is a potentially optimal treatment for many clinical deficiencies. It is yet challenging to overcome chronic rejection without compromising host immunity to pathogens. We present the features and function of a cell transplantation device designed based on the principle of affinity binding of angiogenic and immunoregulatory factors to extracellular matrix in aim to achieve sustained release of these factors. We show that presentation of these factors in such manner generates the infrastructure for device vascularization and induces profound local allocell-specific tolerance, which then evokes peripheral T-cell tolerance. The tolerance is antigen specific, does not cause immune deficits and may thus serve to improve allocell survival as well as a platform to mitigate pathogenic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Orr
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Itai Strominger
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and The National Institute of Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ekatrina Eremenko
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and The National Institute of Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ekaterine Vinogradov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and The National Institute of Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Emil Ruvinov
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and The National Institute of Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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30
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Majewska A, Gajewska M, Dembele K, Maciejewski H, Prostek A, Jank M. Lymphocytic, cytokine and transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood of dogs with atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:174. [PMID: 27553600 PMCID: PMC4995625 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic and pruritic skin disease in dogs. The development of cAD involves complex interactions between environmental antigens, genetic predisposition and a number of disparate cell types. The aim of the present study was to perform comprehensive analyses of peripheral blood of AD dogs in relation to healthy subjects in order to determine the changes which would be characteristic for cAD. Results The number of cells in specific subpopulations of lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry, concentration of chosen pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, TGF-β1) was determined by ELISA; and microarray analysis was performed on RNA samples isolated from peripheral blood nuclear cells of AD and healthy dogs. The number of Th cells (CD3+CD4+) in AD and healthy dogs was similar, whereas the percentage of Tc (CD3+CD8+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) cells increased significantly in AD dogs. Increased concentrations of IL-13 and TNF-α, and decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was observed in AD dogs. The level of IL-4 was similar in both groups of animals. Results of the microarray experiment revealed differentially expressed genes involved in transcriptional regulation (e.g., transcription factors: SMAD2, RORA) or signal transduction pathways (e.g., VEGF, SHB21, PROC) taking part in T lymphocytes lineages differentiation and cytokines synthesis. Conclusions Results obtained indicate that CD8+ T cells, beside CD4+ T lymphocytes, contribute to the development of the allergic response. Increased IL-13 concentration in AD dogs suggests that this cytokine may play more important role than IL-4 in mediating changes induced by allergic inflammation. Furthermore, observed increase in Treg cells in parallel with high concentrations of TNF-α and low levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood of AD dogs point at the functional insufficiency of Treg cells in patients with AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0805-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Maciejewski
- Department of Computer Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Prostek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Jank
- Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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31
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Takata K, Imaizumi S, Zhang B, Miura SI, Saku K. Stabilization of high-risk plaques. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6:304-21. [PMID: 27500090 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2015.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) is increasing globally and they have become the leading cause of death in most countries. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have been conducted to identify major risk factors and effective control strategies for ASCVDs. The development of imaging modalities with the ability to determine the plaque composition enables us to further identify high-risk plaque and evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment strategies. While intensive lipid-lowering by statins can stabilize or even regress plaque by various mechanisms, such as the reduction of lipid accumulation in a necrotic lipid core, the reduction of inflammation, and improvement of endothelial function, there are still considerable residual risks that need to be understood. We reviewed important findings regarding plaque vulnerability and some encouraging emerging approaches for plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takata
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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32
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Shahzad M, Small DM, Morais C, Wojcikowski K, Shabbir A, Gobe GC. Protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in kidney epithelium by Angelica and Astragalus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:412-9. [PMID: 26719285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus membranaceus either alone or in combination with Angelica sinensis has been used traditionally for kidney disease in East Asia and China for thousands of years. Previous studies using in vivo animal models have shown the benefits of these medicinal herbs in kidney diseases that involve oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which these medicinal herbs protect kidney cells remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanisms by which ethanol, methanol and aqueous crude extracts of roots of A. membranaceus and A. sinensis afford protection to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells, using an in vitro model of oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of roots of A. membranaceus and A. sinensis were prepared by a three-solvent sequential process. HK2 human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells were treated with H2O2 alone (0.5mM) or in combination with different concentrations of extracts. Cell mitosis and death (microscopy) and cell viability (MTT assay) were compared. Western immunoblot was used to study expression of apoptosis-related proteins (pro-apoptotic Bax andanti-apoptotic Bcl-XL), and cell survival (NFκB subunits p65 and p50), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) and protective (TGFβ1) proteins. RESULTS H2O2-induced oxidative stress significantly increased apoptosis and reduced cell survival; upregulated pro-apoptotic and down-regulated Bcl-XL; increased NFκB (p65, p50); increased TNFα and decreased TGFβ1. All changes indicated kidney damage and dysfunction. All were modulated by all extracts of both plant species, except for NFκB which was only modulated by extracts of A. membranaceus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in a model of oxidative stress that might occur after nephrotoxicity, the plant extracts were protective via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ken Wojcikowski
- Department of Natural and Complementary Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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33
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Nissen JC, Tsirka SE. Tuftsin-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis recovery requires neuropilin-1. Glia 2016; 64:923-36. [PMID: 26880314 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of demyelinating autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), which is characterized by central nervous system white matter lesions, microglial activation, and peripheral T-cell infiltration secondary to blood-brain barrier disruption. We have previously shown that treatment with tuftsin, a tetrapeptide generated from IgG proteolysis, dramatically improves disease symptoms in EAE. Here, we report that microglial expression of Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is required for tuftsin-driven amelioration of EAE symptoms. Nrp1 ablation in microglia blocks microglial signaling and polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and ablation in either the microglia or immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) reduces extended functional contacts between them and Treg activation, implicating a role for microglia in the activation process, and more generally, how immune surveillance is conducted in the CNS. Taken together, our findings delineate the mechanistic action of tuftsin as a candidate therapeutic against immune-mediated demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Nissen
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
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Arrieta-Bolaños E, Mayor NP, Marsh SGE, Madrigal JA, Apperley JF, Kirkland K, Mackinnon S, Marks DI, McQuaker G, Perry J, Potter MN, Russell NH, Thomson K, Shaw BE. Polymorphism in TGFB1 is associated with worse non-relapse mortality and overall survival after stem cell transplantation with unrelated donors. Haematologica 2015; 101:382-90. [PMID: 26611472 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.134999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-1, encoded by the TGFB1 gene, is a cytokine that plays a central role in many physiological and pathogenic processes. We have sequenced TGFB1 regulatory region and assigned allelic genotypes in a large cohort of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and donors. In this study, we analyzed 522 unrelated donor-patient pairs and examined the combined effect of all the common polymorphisms in this genomic region. In univariate analysis, we found that patients carrying a specific allele, 'p001', showed significantly reduced overall survival (5-year overall survival 30.7% for p001/p001 patients vs. 41.6% others; P=0.032) and increased non-relapse mortality (1-year non-relapse mortality: 39.0% vs. 25.4%; P=0.039) after transplantation. In multivariate analysis, the presence of a p001/p001 genotype in patients was confirmed as an independent factor for reduced overall survival [hazard ratio=1.53 (1.04-2.24); P=0.031], and increased non-relapse mortality [hazard ratio=1.73 (1.06-2.83); P=0.030]. In functional experiments we found a trend towards a higher percentage of surface transforming growth factor β-1-positive regulatory T cells after activation when the cells had a p001 allele (P=0.07). Higher or lower production of transforming growth factor β-1 in the inflammatory context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may influence the development of complications in these patients. Findings indicate that TGFB1 genotype could potentially be of use as a prognostic factor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation risk assessment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Arrieta-Bolaños
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Neema P Mayor
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | - J Alejandro Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen Mackinnon
- Department of Haematology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, UK
| | - David I Marks
- Adult BMT Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Grant McQuaker
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julia Perry
- BSBMT Data Registry, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Nigel H Russell
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, and Academic Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, UK
| | - Kirsty Thomson
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bronwen E Shaw
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
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Abstract
Inflammation is essential in the initial development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases involving innate and adaptive immune responses. The role of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T (TREG) cells in the modulation of inflammation and immunity has received increasing attention. Given the important role of TREG cells in the induction and maintenance of immune homeostasis and tolerance, dysregulation in the generation or function of TREG cells can trigger abnormal immune responses and lead to pathology. A wealth of evidence from experimental and clinical studies has indicated that TREG cells might have an important role in protecting against cardiovascular disease, in particular atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. In this Review, we provide an overview of the roles of TREG cells in the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemic stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, Kawasaki disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction and remodelling, postischaemic neovascularization, myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of TREG cells are still to be elucidated, targeted therapies with TREG cells might provide a promising and novel future approach to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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36
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Yang EY, Kronenfeld JP, Gattás-Asfura KM, Bayer AL, Stabler CL. Engineering an "infectious" T(reg) biomimetic through chemoselective tethering of TGF-β1 to PEG brush surfaces. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26197412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immunological responses to allografts following transplantation is of pivotal importance to improving graft outcome and duration. Of the many approaches, harnessing the dominant tolerance induced by regulatory T cells (Treg) holds tremendous promise. Recent studies have highlighted the unique potency of cell surface-bound TGF-β1 on Treg for promoting infectious tolerance, i.e. to confer suppressive capacity from one cell to another. To mimic this characteristic, TGF-β1 was chemoselectively tethered to inert and viable polymer grafting platforms using Staudinger ligation. We report the synthesis and functional characterization of these engineered TGF-β1 surfaces. Inert beads tethered with TGF-β1 were capable of efficiently converting naïve CD4(+) CD62L(hi) T cells to functional Treg. Concordantly, translation of conjugation scheme from inert surfaces to viable cells also led to efficient generation of functional Treg. Further, the capacity of these platforms to generate antigen-specific Treg was demonstrated. These findings illustrate the unique faculty of tethered TGF-β1 biomaterial platforms to function as an "infectious" Treg and provide a compelling approach for generating tolerogenic microenvironments for allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Yang
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J P Kronenfeld
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - A L Bayer
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C L Stabler
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Kuang R, Perruche S, Chen W. Apoptotic cell-linked immunoregulation: implications for promoting immune tolerance in transplantation. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:27. [PMID: 26110047 PMCID: PMC4478642 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of alloantigen-specific immune tolerance is the "Holy-Grail" in transplantation. Although it had been previously demonstrated that transient depletion of T cells through apoptosis could lead to long-term immune tolerance, the underlying mechanism responsible for this tolerance induction and maintenance was unknown. In this short article, a novel mechanism for long-term immune tolerance via transient T cell apoptosis will be discussed, based on our recent findings in a CD3-specific antibody treatment-induced immune tolerance mouse model. Transforming growth factor-β, which is produced by immature dendritic cells whilst they phagocytose apoptotic T cells and by macrophages, plays an important role in initiating long-term immune tolerance. A possible model of how allospecific-immune tolerance can be induced in order to prevent allograft rejection in transplantation will be also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Kuang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB,NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Kasagi S, Zhang P, Che L, Abbatiello B, Maruyama T, Nakatsukasa H, Zanvit P, Jin W, Konkel JE, Chen W. In vivo-generated antigen-specific regulatory T cells treat autoimmunity without compromising antibacterial immune response. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:241ra78. [PMID: 24944193 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing regulatory T (Treg) cells is a promising approach for treating autoimmune disease. However, inducing antigen-specific Treg cells that target inflammatory immune cells without compromising beneficial immune responses has remained an unmet challenge. We developed a pathway to generate autoantigen-specific Treg cells in vivo, which showed therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and nonobese diabetes in mice. Specifically, we induced apoptosis of immune cells by systemic sublethal irradiation or depleted B and CD8(+) T cells with specific antibodies and then administered autoantigenic peptides in mice with established autoimmune diseases. We demonstrated mechanistically that apoptotic cells triggered professional phagocytes to produce transforming growth factor-β, under which the autoantigenic peptides directed naïve CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into Foxp3(+) Treg cells instead of into T effector cells in vivo. These antigen-specific Treg cells specifically ameliorated autoimmunity without compromising immune responses to bacterial antigen. We have thus successfully generated antigen-specific Treg cells with therapeutic activity toward autoimmunity. The findings may lead to the development of antigen-specific Treg cell-mediated immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes and also other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kasagi
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pin Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Che
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brittany Abbatiello
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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McCall KD, Thuma JR, Courreges MC, Benencia F, James CBL, Malgor R, Kantake N, Mudd W, Denlinger N, Nolan B, Wen L, Schwartz FL. Toll-like receptor 3 is critical for coxsackievirus B4-induced type 1 diabetes in female NOD mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:453-61. [PMID: 25422874 PMCID: PMC4298321 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are involved in triggering some cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for this remain elusive. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a receptor that recognizes viral double-stranded RNA, is hypothesized to play a role in virus-induced T1DM, although this hypothesis is yet to be substantiated. The objective of this study was to directly investigate the role of TLR3 in CVB-triggered T1DM in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a mouse model of human T1DM that is widely used to study both spontaneous autoimmune and viral-induced T1DM. As such, we infected female wild-type (TLR3(+/+)) and TLR3 knockout (TLR3(-/-)) NOD mice with CVB4 and compared the incidence of diabetes in CVB4-infected mice with that of uninfected counterparts. We also evaluated the islets of uninfected and CVB4-infected wild-type and TLR3 knockout NOD mice by immunohistochemistry and insulitis scoring. TLR3 knockout mice were markedly protected from CVB4-induced diabetes compared with CVB4-infected wild-type mice. CVB4-induced T-lymphocyte-mediated insulitis was also significantly less severe in TLR3 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. No differences in insulitis were observed between uninfected animals, either wild-type or TLR3 knockout mice. These data demonstrate for the first time that TLR3 is 1) critical for CVB4-induced T1DM, and 2) modulates CVB4-induced insulitis in genetically prone NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D McCall
- Departments of Specialty Medicine (K.D.M., M.C.C., W.M., N.D., B.N., F.L.S.) and Biomedical Sciences (K.D.M., F.B., C.B.L.J., R.M., N.K.) and Diabetes Institute (K.D.M., J.R.T., M.C.C., R.M., W.M., N.D., B.N., F.L.S.), Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701; Department of Biological Sciences (K.D.M.) and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program (K.D.M., F.B., C.B.L.J., R.M.), Ohio University College of Arts and Sciences, Athens, Ohio 45701; Biomedical Engineering Program (K.D.M., F.B., R.M., F.L.S.), Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, Ohio 45701; and Section of Endocrinology (L.W.), Department of Internal Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Tu E, Chia PZC, Chen W. TGFβ in T cell biology and tumor immunity: Angel or devil? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:423-35. [PMID: 25156420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) affects multiple cell types in the immune system by either stimulating or inhibiting their differentiation and function. Studies using transgenic mice with ablation of TGFβ or its receptor have revealed the biological significance of TGFβ signaling in the control of T cells. However, it is now clear that TGFβ is more than an immunosuppressive cytokine. Disruption of TGFβ signaling pathway also leads to impaired generation of certain T cell populations. Therefore, in the normal physiological state, TGFβ actively maintains T cell homeostasis and regulates T cell function. However, in the tumor microenvironment, TGFβ creates an immunosuppressive milieu that inhibits antitumor immunity. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of TGFβ in the regulation of T cells and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pei Zhi Cheryl Chia
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Talaat RM, Elmaghraby AM, Barakat SS, EL-Shahat M. Alterations in immune cell subsets and their cytokine secretion profile in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:291-300. [PMID: 24460857 PMCID: PMC3992042 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is acquired autoimmune disease in children characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance. This work is designed to explore the contribution of different lymphocyte subsets in acute and chronic ITP children. Imbalance in the T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine secretion profile was investigated. The frequency of T (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+)) and B (CD19(+)) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) (CD16(+) 56(+)) and regulatory T (T(reg)) [CD4(+) CD25(+high) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)(+) ] cells was investigated by flow cytometry in 35 ITP children (15 acute and 20 chronic) and 10 healthy controls. Plasma levels of Th1 cytokines [interferon (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α)] and Th2 [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10)] cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of Treg (P < 0·001) and natural killer (NK) (P < 0·001) cells were significantly decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. A negative correlation was reported between the percentage of T(reg) cells and development of acute (r = -0·737; P < 0·01) and chronic (r = -0·515; P < 0·01) disease. All evaluated cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) were elevated significantly in ITP patients (P < 0·001, P < 0·05, P < 0·05, P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively) compared to controls. In conclusion, our data shed some light on the fundamental role of immune cells and their related cytokines in ITP patients. The loss of tolerance in ITP may contribute to the dysfunction of T(regs). Understanding the role of T cell subsets will permit a better control of autoimmunity through manipulation of their cytokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
| | - A M Elmaghraby
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
| | - S S Barakat
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - M EL-Shahat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
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The Treg/Th17 paradigm in lung cancer. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:730380. [PMID: 24872958 PMCID: PMC4020459 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of lung cancer are very complex and not yet entirely clarified. T lymphocytes and their immune-regulatory cytokines play a pivotal role in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. Following activation by unique cytokines, CD4+ T helper cells differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Traditionally, research in lung cancer immunity has focused almost exclusively on Th1/Th2 cell balance. Recently, Th17 cells and Tregs represent an intriguing issue to be addressed in lung cancer pathogenesis. Tregs play an important role in the preservation of self-tolerance and modulation of overall immune responses against tumor cells. Th17 cells directly or via other proinflammatory cytokines modulate antitumor immune responses. Notably, there is a close relation between Tregs and Th17 cells. However, the possible interaction between these subsets in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. In this setting, targeting Treg/Th17 balance for therapeutic purposes may represent a useful tool for lung cancer treatment in the future. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent findings of the role of these novel populations in lung cancer immunity and to highlight the pleiotropic effects of these subsets on the development and regulation of lung cancer.
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Guo Y, Shi S, Tang M, Liang D, Xu W, Wang L, Wang Z, Qiao Z. The suppressive effects of gx-50 on Aβ-induced chemotactic migration of microglia. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:283-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Waldmann H, Hilbrands R, Howie D, Cobbold S. Harnessing FOXP3+ regulatory T cells for transplantation tolerance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1439-45. [PMID: 24691478 DOI: 10.1172/jci67226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early demonstrations that mice could be tolerized to transplanted tissues with short courses of immunosuppressive therapy and that with regard to tolerance to self, CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) appeared to play a critical role, have catalyzed strategies to harness FOXP3-dependent processes to control rejection in human transplantation. This review seeks to examine the scientific underpinning for this new approach to finesse immunosuppression.
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Decker WK, Safdar A. Dendritic cell vaccines for the immunocompromised patient: prevention of influenza virus infection. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:721-30. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control type 2 T helper cell-mediated (Th2-mediated) lung inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms by which Tregs execute this activity remain elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Jin et al. reveal that Itch, a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase in Tregs, plays a specific role in restraining Th2 cell responses. This finding has important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma.
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Zhang P, Maruyama T, Konkel JE, Abbatiello B, Zamarron B, Wang ZQ, Chen W. PARP-1 controls immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells by destabilizing Foxp3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71590. [PMID: 23977081 PMCID: PMC3747222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme and transcription factor that is involved in inflammatory response, but its role in T cell response remains largely unknown. We show here that PARP-1 regulates the suppressive function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Specifically, Tregs in mice with a null mutation of the PARP-1 gene (PARP-1–/–) showed significantly stronger suppressive activity than did wild-type Tregs in culture. We elucidate that this enhanced suppressive function is attributed to sustained higher expression of Foxp3 and CD25 in PARP-1−/− Tregs. Furthermore, in PARP-1−/− Tregs, Foxp3 protein shows substantially higher levels of binding to the conserved non-coding DNA sequence 2 (CNS2) at the foxp3 gene, a region important in maintaining Foxp3 gene expression in Tregs. Thus, our data reveal a role for PARP-1 in controlling the function of Tregs through modulation of the stable expression of Foxp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, OIIB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, OIIB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanne E. Konkel
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, OIIB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brittany Abbatiello
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, OIIB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Zamarron
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, OIIB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhao-qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, OIIB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu X, Gao N, Li M, Xu D, Hou Y, Wang Q, Zhang G, Sun Q, Zhang H, Zeng X. Elevated levels of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells in systemic sclerosis patients contribute to the secretion of IL-17 and immunosuppression dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64531. [PMID: 23776439 PMCID: PMC3679128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune imbalance between regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells is a characteristic of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The functional heterogeneity among Treg can be elucidated by separating Treg into different subsets based on the expression of FoxP3 and CD45RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Treg subsets in the immune imbalance in naïve SSc. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 31 SSc patients and 33 healthy controls were analyzed for the expression of CD4, CD25, CD45RA, CTLA-4, FoxP3, and IL-17 using flow cytometry. Treg immunesuppression capacity was measured in co-culture experiments. The expression of FoxP3, CTLA-4, IL-17A, and RORC mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS The frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells was significantly elevated in patients with SSc (3.62±1.14 vs 1.97±0.75, p<0.001) with diminished immunosuppression capacity. In SSc, the proportion of FoxP3(high)CD45RA(-) activated Treg cells (aTreg) was decreased, the proportion of FoxP3(low)CD45RA(-) T cells was increased, and the proportion of FoxP3(low)CD45RA(+) resting Treg cells (rTreg) was decreased. The immune suppression capacity of aTreg and rTreg was diminished, while FoxP3(low)CD45RA(-) T cells exhibited a lack of suppression capacity. The immune dysfunction of aTreg was accompanied by the abnormal expression of CTLA-4. Th17 cell numbers were elevated in SSc, FoxP3(low)CD45RA(-) T cells produced IL-17, confirming their Th17 potential, which was consistent with the elevated levels of FoxP3(+)IL-17(+) cells in SSc. CONCLUSION A decrease in aTreg levels, along with functional deficiency, and an increase in the proportion of FoxP3(low)CD45RA(-) T cells, was the reason for the increase in dysfunctional Treg in SSc patients, potentially causing the immune imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuning Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Kim KS, Kim HS, Park JM, Kim HW, Park MK, Lee HS, Lim DS, Lee TH, Chopp M, Moon J. Long-term immunomodulatory effect of amniotic stem cells in an Alzheimer's disease model. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2408-20. [PMID: 23623603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and neuroinflammatory processes mediated by Aβ plaque-induced microglial cells and astrocytes contribute to AD pathogenesis. The present study examined human placenta amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), which have potent immunomodulatory and paracrine effects in a Tg2576 (APPswe) transgenic mouse model of AD. AMSCs secreted high levels of transforming growth factor-β under in vitro inflammatory environment conditions. Six weeks after the intravenous injection of AMSCs, APPswe mice showed evidence of improved spatial learning, which significantly correlated with the observation of fewer Aβ plaques in brain. The number of ED1-positive phagocytic microglial cells associated with Aβ plaques was higher in AMSC-injected mice than in phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice, and the level of Aβ-degrading enzymes (matrix metallopeptidase-9 and insulin-degrading enzyme) was also significantly higher. Furthermore, the level of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, was lower and that of anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, was higher in AMSC-injected mice than phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice. These effects lasted until 12 weeks after AMSC injection. Taken together, these results collectively suggest that injection of AMSCs might show significant long-lasting improvement in AD pathology and memory function via immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sul Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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50
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The emerging role of T cell cytokines in non-small cell lung cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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