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Dohle E, Schmeinck L, Parkhoo K, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Platelet rich fibrin as a bioactive matrix with proosteogenic and proangiogenic properties on human healthy primary cells in vitro. Platelets 2024; 35:2316744. [PMID: 38390838 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2316744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Blood concentrates like platelet rich fibrin (PRF) have been established as a potential autologous source of cells and growth factors with regenerative properties in the field of dentistry and regenerative medicine. To further analyze the effect of PRF on bone tissue regeneration, this study investigated the influence of liquid PRF matrices on human healthy primary osteoblasts (pOB) and co-cultures composed of pOB and human dermal vascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) as in vitro model for bone tissue regeneration. Special attention was paid to the PRF mediated influence on osteoblastic differentiation and angiogenesis. Based on the low-speed centrifugation concept, cells were treated indirectly with PRF prepared with a low (44 g) and high relative centrifugal force (710 g) before the PRF mediated effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was assessed via gene and protein expression analyses and immunofluorescence. The results revealed a PRF-mediated positive effect on osteogenic proliferation and differentiation accompanied by increased concentration of osteogenic growth factors and upregulated expression of osteogenic differentiation factors. Furthermore, it could be shown that PRF treatment resulted in an increased formation of angiogenic structures in a bone tissue mimic co-culture of endothelial cells and osteoblasts induced by the PRF mediated increased release of proangiogenic growth factors. The effects on osteogenic proliferation, differentiation and vascularization were more evident when low RCF PRF was applied to the cells. In conclusion, PRF possess proosteogenic, potentially osteoconductive as well as proangiogenic properties, making it a beneficial tool for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dohle
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Schmeinck
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kamelia Parkhoo
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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de Castro JNP, da Silva Costa SM, Camargo ACL, Ito MT, de Souza BB, de Haidar E Bertozzo V, Rodrigues TAR, Lanaro C, de Albuquerque DM, Saez RC, Saad STO, Ozelo MC, Cendes F, Costa FF, de Melo MB. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of circulating endothelial cells in sickle cell stroke. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1167-1179. [PMID: 38386032 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most impairing complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA), responsible for 20% of mortality in patients. Rheological alterations, adhesive properties of sickle reticulocytes, leukocyte adhesion, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are related to the vasculopathy observed prior to ischemic events. The role of the vascular endothelium in this complex cascade of mechanisms is emphasized, as well as in the process of ischemia-induced repair and neovascularization. The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative transcriptomic analysis of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from SCA patients with and without IS. Next, to gain further insights of the biological relevance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) construction and in silico prediction of regulatory factors were performed. Among the 2469 DEGs, genes related to cell proliferation (AKT1, E2F1, CDCA5, EGFL7), migration (AKT1, HRAS), angiogenesis (AKT1, EGFL7) and defense response pathways (HRAS, IRF3, TGFB1), important endothelial cell molecular mechanisms in post ischemia repair were identified. Despite the severity of IS in SCA, widely accepted molecular targets are still lacking, especially related to stroke outcome. The comparative analysis of the gene expression profile of ECFCs from IS patients versus controls seems to indicate that there is a persistent angiogenic process even after a long time this complication has occurred. Thus, this is an original study which may lead to new insights into the molecular basis of SCA stroke and contribute to a better understanding of the role of endothelial cells in stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Nicoliello Pereira de Castro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Sueli Matilde da Silva Costa
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lima Camargo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Mirta Tomie Ito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Bruno Batista de Souza
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Victor de Haidar E Bertozzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Thiago Adalton Rosa Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Casagrande Saez
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margareth Castro Ozelo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Barbosa de Melo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil.
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Frangogiannis NG. TGF-β as a therapeutic target in the infarcted and failing heart: cellular mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:45-56. [PMID: 38329809 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2316735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis accompanies most cardiac conditions and can be reparative or maladaptive. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β is a potent fibrogenic mediator, involved in repair, remodeling, and fibrosis of the injured heart. AREAS COVERED This review manuscript discusses the role of TGF-β in heart failure focusing on cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. TGF-β is activated in infarcted, remodeling and failing hearts. In addition to its fibrogenic actions, TGF-β has a broad range of effects on cardiomyocytes, immune, and vascular cells that may have both protective and detrimental consequences. TGF-β-mediated effects on macrophages promote anti-inflammatory transition, whereas actions on fibroblasts mediate reparative scar formation and effects on pericytes are involved in maturation of infarct neovessels. On the other hand, TGF-β actions on cardiomyocytes promote adverse remodeling, and prolonged activation of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts stimulates progression of fibrosis and heart failure. EXPERT OPINION Understanding of the cell-specific actions of TGF-β is necessary to design therapeutic strategies in patients with myocardial disease. Moreover, to implement therapeutic interventions in the heterogeneous population of heart failure patients, mechanism-driven classification of both HFrEF and HFpEF patients is needed. Heart failure patients with prolonged or overactive fibrogenic TGF-β responses may benefit from cautious TGF-β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Cao S, Wang L, Feng Y, Peng XD, Li LM. A data integration approach unveils a transcriptional signature of type 2 diabetes progression in rat and human islets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292579. [PMID: 37816033 PMCID: PMC10564241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet failure is a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes besides insulin resistance. To get molecular insights into the pathology of islets in type 2 diabetes, we developed a computational approach to integrating expression profiles of Goto-Kakizaki and Wistar rat islets from a designed experiment with those of the human islets from an observational study. A principal gene-eigenvector in the expression profiles characterized by up-regulated angiogenesis and down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation was identified conserved across the two species. In the case of Goto-Kakizaki versus Wistar islets, such alteration in gene expression can be verified directly by the treatment-control tests over time, and corresponds to the alteration of α/β-cell distribution obtained by quantifying the islet micrographs. Furthermore, the correspondence between the dual sample- and gene-eigenvectors unveils more delicate structures. In the case of rats, the up- and down-trend of insulin mRNA levels before and after week 8 correspond respectively to the top two principal eigenvectors. In the case of human, the top two principal eigenvectors correspond respectively to the late and early stages of diabetes. According to the aggregated expression signature, a large portion of genes involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway, which activates transcription of angiogenesis, were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, top-ranked anti-angiogenic genes THBS1 and PEDF indicate the existence of a counteractive mechanism that is in line with thickened and fragmented capillaries found in the deteriorated islets. Overall, the integrative analysis unravels the principal transcriptional alterations underlying the islet deterioration of morphology and insulin secretion along type 2 diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Cao
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linting Wang
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yance Feng
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ding Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lei M. Li
- National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pohl L, Schiessl IM. Endothelial cell plasticity in kidney fibrosis and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14038. [PMID: 37661749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal endothelial cells demonstrate an impressive remodeling potential during angiogenic sprouting, vessel repair or while transitioning into mesenchymal cells. These different processes may play important roles in both renal disease progression or regeneration while underlying signaling pathways of different endothelial cell plasticity routes partly overlap. Angiogenesis contributes to wound healing after kidney injury and pharmaceutical modulation of angiogenesis may home a great therapeutic potential. Yet, it is not clear whether any differentiated endothelial cell can proliferate or whether regenerative processes are largely controlled by resident or circulating endothelial progenitor cells. In the glomerular compartment for example, a distinct endothelial progenitor cell population may remodel the glomerular endothelium after injury. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the kidney is vastly documented and often associated with endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, and kidney disease progression. Especially the role of EndoMT in renal fibrosis is controversial. Studies on EndoMT in vivo determined possible conclusions on the pathophysiological role of EndoMT in the kidney, but whether endothelial cells really contribute to kidney fibrosis and if not what other cellular and functional outcomes derive from EndoMT in kidney disease is unclear. Sequencing data, however, suggest no participation of endothelial cells in extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, more in-depth classification of cellular markers and the fate of EndoMT cells in the kidney is needed. In this review, we describe different signaling pathways of endothelial plasticity, outline methodological approaches and evidence for functional and structural implications of angiogenesis and EndoMT in the kidney, and eventually discuss controversial aspects in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Pohl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hsu HH, Ko PL, Peng CC, Cheng YJ, Wu HM, Tung YC. Studying sprouting angiogenesis under combination of oxygen gradients and co-culture of fibroblasts using microfluidic cell culture model. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100703. [PMID: 37483382 PMCID: PMC10359940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is an essential process for expanding vascular systems under various physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, a microfluidic device capable of integrating a hydrogel matrix for cell culture and generating stable oxygen gradients is developed to study the sprouting angiogenesis of endothelial cells under combinations of oxygen gradients and co-culture of fibroblast cells. The endothelial cells can be cultured as a monolayer endothelium inside the device to mimic an existing blood vessel, and the hydrogel without or with fibroblast cells cultured in it provides a matrix next to the formed endothelium for three-dimensional sprouting of the endothelial cells. Oxygen gradients can be stably established inside the device for cell culture using the spatially-confined chemical reaction method. Using the device, the sprouting angiogenesis under combinations of oxygen gradients and co-culture of fibroblast cells is systematically studied. The results show that the oxygen gradient and the co-culture of fibroblast cells in the hydrogel can promote sprouting of the endothelial cells into the hydrogel matrix by altering cytokines in the culture medium and the physical properties of the hydrogel. The developed device provides a powerful in vitro model to investigate sprouting angiogenesis under various in vivo-like microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hua Hsu
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Liang Ko
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Peng
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Wu
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ham SM, Song MJ, Yoon HS, Lee DH, Chung JH, Lee ST. SPARC Is Highly Expressed in Young Skin and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Integrity in Fibroblasts via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12179. [PMID: 37569556 PMCID: PMC10419001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The matricellular secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC; also known as osteonectin), is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, cell-ECM interactions, and bone mineralization. We found decreased SPARC expression in aged skin. Incubating foreskin fibroblasts with recombinant human SPARC led to increased type I collagen production and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion at the protein and mRNA levels. In a three-dimensional culture of foreskin fibroblasts mimicking the dermis, SPARC significantly increased the synthesis of type I collagen and decreased its degradation. In addition, SPARC also induced receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) phosphorylation. An inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor type 1 reversed the SPARC-induced increase in type I collagen and decrease in MMP-1, and decreased SPARC-induced R-SMAD phosphorylation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SPARC modulated expression of genes involved in ECM synthesis and regulation in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR confirmed that a subset of differentially expressed genes is induced by SPARC. These results indicated that SPARC enhanced ECM integrity by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway in fibroblasts. We inferred that the decline in SPARC expression in aged skin contributes to process of skin aging by negatively affecting ECM integrity in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Ham
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ji Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
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Everts PA, Lana JF, Onishi K, Buford D, Peng J, Mahmood A, Fonseca LF, van Zundert A, Podesta L. Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair Depend on Platelet Dosing and Bioformulation Strategies Following Orthobiological Platelet-Rich Plasma Procedures: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1922. [PMID: 37509560 PMCID: PMC10377284 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessel from existing vessels and is a critical first step in tissue repair following chronic disturbances in healing and degenerative tissues. Chronic pathoanatomic tissues are characterized by a high number of inflammatory cells; an overexpression of inflammatory mediators; such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1); the presence of mast cells, T cells, reactive oxygen species, and matrix metalloproteinases; and a decreased angiogenic capacity. Multiple studies have demonstrated that autologous orthobiological cellular preparations (e.g., platelet-rich plasma (PRP)) improve tissue repair and regenerate tissues. There are many PRP devices on the market. Unfortunately, they differ greatly in platelet numbers, cellular composition, and bioformulation. PRP is a platelet concentrate consisting of a high concentration of platelets, with or without certain leukocytes, platelet-derived growth factors (PGFs), cytokines, molecules, and signaling cells. Several PRP products have immunomodulatory capacities that can influence resident cells in a diseased microenvironment, inducing tissue repair or regeneration. Generally, PRP is a blood-derived product, regardless of its platelet number and bioformulation, and the literature indicates both positive and negative patient treatment outcomes. Strangely, the literature does not designate specific PRP preparation qualifications that can potentially contribute to tissue repair. Moreover, the literature scarcely addresses the impact of platelets and leukocytes in PRP on (neo)angiogenesis, other than a general one-size-fits-all statement that "PRP has angiogenic capabilities". Here, we review the cellular composition of all PRP constituents, including leukocytes, and describe the importance of platelet dosing and bioformulation strategies in orthobiological applications to initiate angiogenic pathways that re-establish microvasculature networks, facilitating the supply of oxygen and nutrients to impaired tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Everts
- Research & Education Division, Gulf Coast Biologics, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
- OrthoRegen Group, Max-Planck University, Indaiatuba, São Paulo 13334-170, Brazil
| | - José Fábio Lana
- OrthoRegen Group, Max-Planck University, Indaiatuba, São Paulo 13334-170, Brazil
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, São Paulo 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Don Buford
- Texas Orthobiologics, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Jeffrey Peng
- Stanford Health Care-O'Connor Hospital Sports Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
| | - Ansar Mahmood
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Lucas F Fonseca
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Andre van Zundert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane and the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Luga Podesta
- Bluetail Medical Group & Podesta Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Naples, FL 34109, USA
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Wang J, Song Y, Xie W, Zhao J, Wang Y, Yu W. Therapeutic angiogenesis based on injectable hydrogel for protein delivery in ischemic heart disease. iScience 2023; 26:106577. [PMID: 37192972 PMCID: PMC10182303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and leads to myocardial necrosis and negative myocardial remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure. Current treatments include drug therapy, interventional therapy, and surgery. However, some patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease, complex coronary artery anatomy, and other reasons are unsuitable for these treatments. Therapeutic angiogenesis stimulates the growth of the original blood vessels by using exogenous growth factors to generate more new blood vessels, which provides a new treatment for IHD. However, direct injection of these growth factors can cause a short half-life and serious side effects owing to systemic spread. Therefore, to overcome this problem, hydrogels have been developed for temporally and spatially controlled delivery of single or multiple growth factors to mimic the process of angiogenesis in vivo. This paper reviews the mechanism of angiogenesis, some important bioactive molecules, and natural and synthetic hydrogels currently being applied for bioactive molecule delivery to treat IHD. Furthermore, the current challenges of therapeutic angiogenesis in IHD and its potential solutions are discussed to facilitate real translation into clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 26000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 26003, China
- Corresponding author
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Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37169756 PMCID: PMC10175505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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Chiu FY, Kvadas RM, Mheidly Z, Shahbandi A, Jackson JG. Could senescence phenotypes strike the balance to promote tumor dormancy? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:143-160. [PMID: 36735097 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
After treatment and surgery, patient tumors can initially respond followed by a rapid relapse, or respond well and seemingly be cured, but then recur years or decades later. The state of surviving cancer cells during the long, undetected period is termed dormancy. By definition, the dormant tumor cells do not proliferate to create a mass that is detectable or symptomatic, but also never die. An intrinsic state and microenvironment that are inhospitable to the tumor would bias toward cell death and complete eradication, while conditions that favor the tumor would enable growth and relapse. In neither case would clinical dormancy be observed. Normal cells and tumor cells can enter a state of cellular senescence after stress such as that caused by cancer therapy. Senescence is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest mediated by chromatin modifications that cause gene expression changes and a secretory phenotype involving many cytokines and chemokines. Senescent cell phenotypes have been shown to be both tumor promoting and tumor suppressive. The balance of these opposing forces presents an attractive model to explain tumor dormancy: phenotypes of stable arrest and immune suppression could promote survival, while reversible epigenetic programs combined with cytokines and growth factors that promote angiogenesis, survival, and proliferation could initiate the emergence from dormancy. In this review, we examine the phenotypes that have been characterized in different normal and cancer cells made senescent by various stresses and how these might explain the characteristics of tumor dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yen Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Raegan M Kvadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zeinab Mheidly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Tripković I, Ogorevc M, Vuković D, Saraga-Babić M, Mardešić S. Fibrosis-Associated Signaling Molecules Are Differentially Expressed in Palmar Connective Tissues of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Dupuytren's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123214. [PMID: 36551969 PMCID: PMC9775445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and Dupuytren's disease (DD) are fibrotic conditions that affect the connective tissue of the hand and limit its functionality. The exact molecular mechanism underlying the fibrosis is unknown, and only some profibrotic factors have been investigated. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the expression of FGF signaling pathway molecules associated with fibrotic changes in the palmar fascia and the flexor retinaculum of 15 CTS patients and both clinically affected and unaffected palmar fascia of 15 DD patients, using immunofluorescence techniques. The expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, and CTGF in the blood vessel walls and surrounding connective tissue cells differed significantly between the analyzed groups, with changes in expression present even in clinically unremarkable tissues from DD patients. We also found altered expression of the analyzed factors, as well as TGF-β1 and syndecan-1 in DD-associated sweat glands, possibly implicating their role in the pathophysiology of the disease. The increased expression of profibrotic factors in the clinically unaffected palmar fascia of DD patients may indicate that more extensive excision is needed during surgical treatment, while the profibrotic factors could be potential targets for developing pharmacological therapeutic strategies against DD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Tripković
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ogorevc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Vuković
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Snježana Mardešić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Jin J, Duan J, Du L, Xing W, Peng X, Zhao Q. Inflammation and immune cell abnormalities in intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Relevant signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027756. [PMID: 36505409 PMCID: PMC9727248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of pathological reaction after aneurysm rupture are still unclear, especially in the immune microenvironment, inflammation, and relevant signaling pathways. SAH-induced immune cell population alteration, immune inflammatory signaling pathway activation, and active substance generation are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, and brain injury. Crosstalk between immune disorders and hyperactivation of inflammatory signals aggravated the devastating consequences of brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and increased the risk of infection. In this review, we discussed the role of inflammation and immune cell responses in the occurrence and development of aneurysm SAH, as well as the most relevant immune inflammatory signaling pathways [PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), STAT, SIRT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLRP3, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Keap1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/ARE cascades] and biomarkers in aneurysm SAH. In addition, we also summarized potential therapeutic drugs targeting the aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory responses, such as nimodipine, dexmedetomidine (DEX), fingolimod, and genomic variation-related aneurysm prophylactic agent sunitinib. The intervention of immune inflammatory responses and immune microenvironment significantly reduces the secondary brain injury, thereby improving the prognosis of patients admitted to SAH. Future studies should focus on exploring potential immune inflammatory mechanisms and developing additional therapeutic strategies for precise aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory regulation and genomic variants associated with aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Leiya Du
- 4Department of Oncology, The Second People Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
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14
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Adipose Tissue Development Relies on Coordinated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Angiogenesis, and Adipogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092227. [PMID: 36140327 PMCID: PMC9496222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite developing prenatally, the adipose tissue is unique in its ability to undergo drastic growth even after reaching its mature size. This development and subsequent maintenance rely on the proper coordination between the vascular niche and the adipose compartment. In this review, the process of adipose tissue development is broken down to explain (1) the ultrastructural matrix remodeling that is undertaken during simultaneous adipogenesis and angiogenesis, (2) the paracrine crosstalk involved during adipose development, (3) the mechanical regulators involved in adipose growth, and (4) the proteolytic and paracrine oversight for matrix remodeling during adipose development. It is crucial to gain a better understanding of the complex relationships that exist between adipose tissue and the vasculature during tissue development to provide insights into the pathological tissue expansion of obesity and to develop improved soft-tissue reconstruction techniques.
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Fakatava N, Mitarai H, Yuda A, Haraguchi A, Wada H, Hasegawa D, Maeda H, Wada N. Actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, a transforming growth factor-β1-induced factor, regulates collagen production in human periodontal ligament cells via Smad2/3 pathway. J Dent Sci 2022; 18:567-576. [PMID: 37021273 PMCID: PMC10068375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) is an actin isoform that forms the cytoskeleton. Actin plays a crucial role in numerous cellular functions. ACTA2 is a marker of functional periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts and is upregulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1); however, the underlying function of ACTA2 in PDL tissue is unknown. We aimed to examine the localization and potential function of ACTA2 in PDL tissues and cells. Materials and methods RNA expression was determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression was determined using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. Soluble and insoluble collagen production was examined using the Sircol collagen assay and picrosirius red staining, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used for knockdown assay to examine the effect of ACTA2 in human PDL cells. Results ACTA2 expression was observed in human primary PDL cells and PDL cell line (2-23 cells). TGF-β1 upregulated ACTA2, collagen type Ⅰ alpha1 chain (COL1A1), periostin (POSTN), and fibrillin-Ⅰ(FBN1) expression and soluble and insoluble collagen production in 2-23 cells. However, ACTA2 depletion by siRNA strongly suppressed PDL-related gene expression and collagen production compared with those of TGF-β1-stimulated control cells. Furthermore, ACTA2 knockdown significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Conclusion ACTA2 plays a crucial role in PDL-related marker expression and collagen production via Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Our findings might contribute to the development of novel and effective periodontal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naati Fakatava
- Department of General Dentistry, Division of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitarai
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Corresponding author. Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Asuka Yuda
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Haraguchi
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Wada
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Department of General Dentistry, Division of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Connors JP, Garvin P, Silver J, Lindsay A, Solovyova O. Acetabular fixation in total hip arthroplasty in the previously irradiated pelvis: a review of basic science and clinical outcomes. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 143:3517-3524. [PMID: 35984490 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a common primary, adjuvant, or palliative treatment for many intrapelvic tumors, including primary gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hematopoietic tumors, as well as metastatic disease to bone. Radiation has well documented microbiologic and clinical effects on bone ranging from radiation osteitis to early degenerative changes of the hip joint and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Conventional total hip arthroplasty methods have demonstrated high rates of failure in this population, with historical data describing aseptic loosening rates as high as 44-52%, as radiation have been shown to preferentially diminish osteoblast and osteocyte number and function and limit capacity for both cement interdigitation and biologic bony ingrowth. A review of the clinical literature suggests that patients with prior pelvic irradiation are at higher risk for both septic and aseptic loosening of acetabular components, as well as lower postoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) when compared to historical controls. With limited evidence, trabecular metal shells with multi-screw fixation and cemented polyethene liners, as well as cemented cup-cage constructs both appear to be durable acetabular fixation options, though the indications for each remains elusive. Further prospective data are needed to better characterize this difficult clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Patrick Connors
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Patrick Garvin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jacob Silver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Adam Lindsay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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17
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Niu H, Gao N, Dang Y, Guan Y, Guan J. Delivery of VEGF and delta-like 4 to synergistically regenerate capillaries and arterioles in ischemic limbs. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:295-309. [PMID: 35301145 PMCID: PMC9926495 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization of the poorly vascularized limbs affected by critical limb ischemia (CLI) is necessary to salvage the limbs and avoid amputation. Effective vascularization requires forming not only capillaries, but also arterioles and vessel branching. These processes rely on the survival, migration and morphogenesis of endothelial cells in the ischemic limbs. Yet endothelial cell functions are impaired by the upregulated TGFβ. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel-based drug release system capable of delivering both VEGF and Dll4 to synergistically restore endothelial cellular functions, leading to accelerated formation of capillaries, arterioles and vessel branching. In vitro, the Dll4 and VEGF synergistically promoted the human arterial endothelial cell (HAEC) survival, migration, and formation of filopodial structure, lumens, and branches under the elevated TGFβ1 condition mimicking that of the ischemic limbs. The synergistic effect was resulted from activating VEGFR2, Notch-1 and Erk1/2 signaling pathways. After delivering the Dll4 and VEGF via an injectable and thermosensitive hydrogel to the ischemic mouse hindlimbs, 95% of blood perfusion was restored at day 14, significantly higher than delivery of Dll4 or VEGF only. The released Dll4 and VEGF significantly increased density of capillaries and arterioles, vessel branching point density, and proliferating cell density. Besides, the delivery of Dll4 and VEGF stimulated skeletal muscle regeneration and improved muscle function. Overall, the developed hydrogel-based Dll4 and VEGF delivery system promoted ischemic limb vascularization and muscle regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Effective vascularization of the poorly vascularized limbs affected by critical limb ischemia (CLI) requires forming not only capillaries, but also arterioles and vessel branching. These processes rely on the survival, migration and morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Yet endothelial cell functions are impaired by the upregulated TGFβ in the ischemic limbs. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel-based drug release system capable of delivering both VEGF and Dll4 to synergistically restore endothelial cell functions, leading to accelerated formation of capillaries, arterioles and vessel branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Niu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
| | - Yu Dang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
| | - Ya Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States.
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18
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Siqueira M, Stipursky J. BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AS AN INTERFACE FOR ALCOHOL INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY DURING DEVELOPMENT. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:145-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) BB is reduced in endometrial endothelial cells of women with abnormal uterine bleeding-endometrial disorder. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:531-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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21
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Padala SR, Kashyap B, Dekker H, Mikkonen JJW, Palander A, Bravenboer N, Kullaa AM. Irradiation affects the structural, cellular and molecular components of jawbones. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:136-147. [PMID: 34855558 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2013568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence shows that changes in the bone and its microenvironment following radiotherapy are associated with either an inhibition or a state of low bone formation. Ionizing radiation is damaging to the jawbone as it increases the complication rate due to the development of hypovascular, hypocellular, and hypoxic tissue. This review summarizes and correlates the current knowledge on the effects of irradiation on the bone with an emphasis on jawbone, as these have been a less extensively studied area. CONCLUSIONS The stringent regulation of bone formation and bone resorption can be influenced by radiation, causing detrimental effects at structural, cellular, vascular, and molecular levels. It is also associated with a high risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissues and an increased risk of fracture. Technological advances and research on animal models as well as a few human bone tissue studies have provided novel insights into the ways in which bone can be affected by high, low and sublethal dose of radiation. The influence of radiation on bone metabolism, cellular properties, vascularity, collagen, and other factors like inflammation, reactive oxygen species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Reddy Padala
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bina Kashyap
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannah Dekker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jopi J W Mikkonen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anni Palander
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Karoussis IK, Kyriakidou K, Psarros C, Afouxenides P, Vrotsos IA. Dosage Effects of an 810 nm Diode Laser on the Proliferation and Growth Factor Expression of Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e25. [PMID: 34733748 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A substantial amount of evidence supports the positive effect of photobiomodulation on the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. Several laser wavelengths have been used for wound healing improvement, and their actual outcome depends on the settings utilized during irradiation. However, the heterogeneous wavelengths and laser settings applied in the existing literature make it difficult to draw solid conclusions and comparison of different studies. The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the effects of various doses of laser energy, provided by an 810 nm diode, on human gingival fibroblasts in terms of proliferation and expression of growth factors with a pivotal role in wound healing. Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on plastic tissue culture and irradiated with 2, 4, 6 or 12 J/cm2. The effects of the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using an 810 nm diode laser on growth factor expression (EGF, TGF and VEGF) were evaluated by qPCR at 72 hours and 7 days after irradiation. Cell proliferation was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours after LLLT using MTT assay. Results: Energy density of 12 J/cm2 provoked irradiated gingival fibroblasts to demonstrate significantly higher proliferation as well as higher gene expression of Col1, VEGF and EGF. LLLT positive effects were obvious up to 7 days post-irradiation. Conclusion: LLLT with 810 nm presents beneficial effects on proliferation, collagen production and growth factor expression in human gingival fibroblast cells. The application of 12 J/cm2 can be suggested as the optimal energy density for the enhancement of the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Karoussis
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Kyriakidou
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Psarros
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Afouxenides
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Vrotsos
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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23
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Jiang Z, Chen C, Yang S, He H, Zhu X, Liang M. Contribution to the peripheral vasculopathy and endothelial cell dysfunction by CXCL4 in Systemic Sclerosis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:63-73. [PMID: 34556381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCL4, a chemokine with anti-angiogenic property, is involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc) related pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). OBJECTIVE To investigated the contribution of CXCL4 to SSc development by focusing on the correlation of circulatory CXCL4 levels with their peripheral vasculopathy, and the effect of CXCL4 on endothelial cell dysfunction and the potential signaling. METHODS We measured the plasma CXCL4 levels in 58 patients with SSc, 10 patients with the very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS), and 80 healthy controls (HCs). Then, CXCL4 concentrations were correlated with clinical features, especially the peripheral vasculopathy. These observations were further validated in an additional cohort. Moreover, we studied the anti-angiogenic effects of CXCL4 and the underlying downstream signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. RESULTS Circulating CXCL4 levels were 103.62 % higher in patients with SSc and 201.51 % higher in patients with VEDOSS than matched HCs, which were confirmed in two independent cohorts. CXCL4 levels were associated with digital ulcers (DU) and nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) abnormalities in SSc. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs were inhibited by CXCL4 or SSc derived plasma, which reversed by CXCL4 neutralizing antibody, but failed by CXCR3 inhibitor. CXCL4 downregulated the transcription factor Friend leukaemia integration factor-1 (Fli-1) via c-Abl signaling. Furthermore, CXCL4 blocked the transforming growth factor (TGF) -β or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced cell proliferation of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CXCL4 may contribute to peripheral vasculopathy in SSc by downregulating Fli-1 via c-Abl signaling in endothelial cells and interfering angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang He
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minrui Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Shan L, Hou X. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0026552 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblast cells via the miR‑331‑3p/TGF‑βR1 axis in pre‑eclampsia. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:798. [PMID: 34523694 PMCID: PMC8456345 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, pre-eclampsia (PE) is a gestational disorder that causes increased morbidity of the fetus and mortality induced by pregnancy. Despite various studies, the understanding of the causes or mechanism of the development of PE remains elusive. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of circular (circ)RNA hsa_circ_0026552 (hsa_circ_0026552) in the development of PE and its mechanism of regulation. hsa_circ_0026552 differential expression in PE tissue data and clinical samples were analyzed and it was observed that hsa_circ_0026552 is highly upregulated in PE samples. Furthermore, miR-331-3p was detected as an hsa_circ_0026552 target miRNA and TGF-βR1 gene as a target of miR-331-3p. These results were confirmed using various assays, including dual-luciferase reporter, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and RNA pull-down assay. It was observed that miR-331-3p expression was negatively correlated to hsa_circ_0026552 relative expression, while TGF-βR1 expression was positively correlated to hsa_circ_0026552 expression evaluated by Pearson's correlation test. The functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and Transwell assay, showed that silencing hsa_circ_0026552 could significantly strengthen the proliferation, migration and invasion of the trophoblastic HTR-8/SVneo cells, but the subsequent overexpression of hsa_circ_0026552 reversed this. Mechanistically, it was concluded that hsa_circ_0026552 acts as a miR-331-3p sponge to upregulate TGF-βR1 expression in trophoblasts and is involved significantly in PE development and progression in pregnant women. The circRNA hsa_circ_0026552 could be a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Department of Prenatal Screening Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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Yu WK, Hwang WL, Wang YC, Tsai CC, Wei YH. Curcumin Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Attenuates Angiogenic Activity of Orbital Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136829. [PMID: 34202024 PMCID: PMC8268269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbital fibrosis, a hallmark of tissue remodeling in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), is a chronic, progressive orbitopathy with few effective treatments. Orbital fibroblasts are effector cells, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) acts as a critical inducer to promote myofibroblast differentiation and subsequent tissue fibrosis. Curcumin is a natural compound with anti-fibrotic activity. This study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin on TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and on the pro-angiogenic activities of orbital fibroblasts. Orbital fibroblasts from one healthy donor and three patients with GO were collected for primary cell culture and subjected to myofibroblast differentiation under the administration of 1 or 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h. The effects of curcumin on TGF-β1-induced orbital fibroblasts were assessed by measuring the cellular viability and detecting the expression of myofibroblast differentiation markers, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The pro-angiogenic potential of curcumin-treated orbital fibroblasts was evaluated by examining the transwell migration and tube-forming capacities of fibroblast-conditioned EA.hy926 and HMEC-1 endothelial cells. Treatment of orbital fibroblasts with curcumin inhibited the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and attenuated the expression of CTGF and α-SMA induced by TGF-β1. Curcumin, at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, suppressed 5 ng/mL TGF-β1-induced pro-angiogenic activities of orbital fibroblast-conditioned EA hy926 and HMEC-1 endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that curcumin reduces the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and pro-angiogenic activity in orbital fibroblasts. The results support the potential application of curcumin for the treatment of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kuang Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chih Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (Y.-H.W.)
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Kim W, Yee J, Chang BC, Chung JE, Lee KE, Gwak HS. TGF-β1 polymorphism increases the risk of bleeding complications in patients on oral anticoagulant after cardiac valve replacement. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:1885-1891. [PMID: 33983456 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although an elevated INR is highly associated with an increased risk of warfarin-associated bleeding, it has been reported that some patients also experience bleeding complications at therapeutic INRs. TGF-β1 polymorphisms has been reported to cause vascular malformations, resulting in bleeding complications, but there are few published genetic studies regarding bleeding complications in patients on warfarin therapy. This study aimed to determine if there is an association between transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) polymorphisms and bleeding complications in patients who maintain international normalized ratios (INRs) of 2.0-3.0 with warfarin therapy after cardiac valve replacement. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphis (SNPs) of TGF-β1 (rs1800469, rs2241718, rs4803455, rs2241717, rs2241716, rs2241715, rs2241714, rs11083616, rs2317130, rs747857, and rs1982073) were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between genetic polymorphisms and bleeding risk. Attributable risk and the number needed to genotype (NNG) were calculated to identify the potential clinical value of genotyping. A discrimination of model was assessed via an analysis of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). To test the model's goodness of fit, a Hosmer-Lemeshow test was performed. Of 142 patients, 21 experienced bleeding complications. Among analyzed single nucleotide polymorphis (SNPs) of TGF-β1 (rs1800469, rs2241718, rs4803455, rs2241717, rs2241716, rs2241715, rs2241714, rs11083616, rs2317130, rs747857, and rs1982073), AA genotype carriers in rs2241718 had about 5.5 times more bleeding complications than those with the G allele after adjusting for other confounders. The attributable risk and NNG for rs2241718 were 81.9% and 57.8, respectively. The presence of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction increased bleeding complications 3.9- and 9.8-fold, compared with those without atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, respectively. Bleeding complications during warfarin therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves were associated with TGF-β1 polymorphisms as well as atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1, Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Korea
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, 59, Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Medical Center, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1, Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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Guo L, Wen X, Hou Y, Sun R, Zhang L, Liu F, Liu J. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits endothelial cell migration via the TGF-β1/ALK5/SMAD2 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:709. [PMID: 34007318 PMCID: PMC8120513 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis therapy is a novel treatment method for malignant tumors. Endothelial cell (EC) migration is an important part of angiogenesis. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) exhibits strong anti-angiogenic and anti-EC migration effects; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. The TGF-β1/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)/SMAD2 signaling pathway serves an important role in the regulation of migration. The present study aimed to explore the effects of DHA treatment on EC migration and the TGF-β1/ALK5/SMAD2 signaling pathway. The effects of DHA on human umbilical vein EC migration were assessed using wound healing and Transwell assays. The effects of DHA on the TGF-β1/ALK5/SMAD2 signaling pathway were detected using western blotting. DHA exhibited an inhibitory effect on EC migration in the wound healing and Transwell assays. DHA treatment upregulated the expression levels of ALK5 and increased the phosphorylation of SMAD2 in ECs. SB431542 rescued the inhibitory effect of DHA during EC migration. DHA inhibited EC migration via the TGF-β1/ALK5/SMAD2-dependent signaling pathway, and DHA may be a novel drug for the treatment of patients with malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fuhong Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Yan L, Qu X, Yu J, Robinson RS, Woad KJ, Shi Z. Transforming growth factor-β1 disrupts angiogenesis during the follicular-luteal transition through the Smad-serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1)/serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5) signalling pathway in the cow. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:643-654. [PMID: 38600656 DOI: 10.1071/rd20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense angiogenesis is critical for the development of the corpus luteum and is tightly regulated by numerous factors. However, the exact role transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) plays during this follicular-luteal transition remains unclear. This study hypothesised that TGFB1, acting through TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and Smad2/3 signalling, would suppress angiogenesis during the follicular-luteal transition. Using a serum-free luteinising follicular angiogenesis culture system, TGFB1 (1 and 10ngmL-1 ) markedly disrupted the formation of capillary-like structures, reducing the endothelial cell network area and the number of branch points (P <0.001 compared with control). Furthermore, TGFB1 activated canonical Smad signalling and inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3 ) mRNA expression, but upregulated latent TGFB-binding protein and TGFBR1 , serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1 ) and serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5 ) mRNA expression. SB431542, a TGFBR1 inhibitor, reversed the TGFB1-induced upregulation of SERPINE1 and SERPINB5 . In addition, TGFB1 reduced progesterone synthesis by decreasing the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR ), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1 ) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1 ) expression. These results show that TGFB1 regulates NOS3 , SERPINE1 and SERPINB5 expression via TGFBR1 and Smad2/3 signalling and this could be the mechanism by which TGFB1 suppresses endothelial networks. Thereby, TGFB1 may provide critical homeostatic control of angiogenesis during the follicular-luteal transition. The findings of this study reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of TGFB1 in early luteinisation, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to reverse luteal inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianning Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Robert S Robinson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kathryn J Woad
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; and Corresponding author
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dos Santos Neto AP, Maia SMAS, Leão JC, Quidute IL, dos Santos Guimarães C, Júnior SA, Álvares PR, Gomes Ribeiro MI, Silva LB. Mechanisms Involved in Apice Closure of Pulpless Teeth – Literature Review. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Unfinished root formation has always offered challenges in endodontics due to technical difficulties and weakened teeth resistance during the lifetime of an individual. Pulp revascularization therapy appeared as a solution for apical closure and root maturation. The existence of oral stem cells involved in the process associated with traditional resident cells requires adequate blood supply given by induced controlled injury deliberately accomplished into the periapical zone.
Objective:
The aim of this work was to research, through literature review, the main mechanisms involved in the process of apical closure through the technique of pulp revascularization.
Conclusion:
Apice closure in pulpless teeth seems to happen as a result of professional intervention and biological activity. The success rate depends on the role of traditional local immune cells and stem cells associated with adequate blood supply to finish root formation.
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Lu Q, Sun D, Shivhare SB, Hou H, Bulmer JN, Innes BA, Hapangama DK, Lash GE. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β and Endometrial Vascular Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640065. [PMID: 33898426 PMCID: PMC8063037 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate growth and development of the endometrium across the menstrual cycle is key for a woman’s quality of life and reproductive well-being. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affect a significant proportion of the female population worldwide. These endometrial pathologies have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life as well as placing a high economic burden on a country’s health service. An underlying cause for both conditions is unknown in approximately 50% of cases. Previous research has demonstrated that aberrant endometrial vascular maturation is associated with both RPL and HMB, where it is increased in RPL but reduced in HMB. TGFβ1 is one of the key growth factors that regulate vascular maturation, by inducing phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a synthetic phenotype to a more contractile one. Our previous data demonstrated an increase in TGFβ1 in the endometrium of RPL, while others have shown a decrease in women with HMB. However, TGFβ1 bioavailability is tightly controlled, and we therefore sought to perform an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of different components in the pathway in the endometrium of normal controls, women with HMB or RPL. In addition, two in vitro models were used to examine the role of TGFβ1 in endometrial vascular maturation and endothelial cell (EC):VSMC association. Taken all together, the immunohistochemical data suggest a decrease in bioavailability, receptor binding capacity, and signaling in the endometrium of women with HMB compared with controls. In contrast, there is an increase in the bioavailability of active TGFβ1 in the endometrium of women with RPL compared with controls. Endometrial explants cultured in TGFβ1 had an increase in the number of vessels associated with contractile VSMC markers, although the total number of vessels did not increase. In addition, TGFβ1 increased EC:VSMC association in an in vitro model. In conclusion, TGFβ1 is a key regulator of endometrial vascular maturation and could be considered as a therapeutic target for women suffering from HMB and/or RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsheng Lu
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingqian Sun
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sourima Biswas Shivhare
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Huomei Hou
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Judith N Bulmer
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Innes
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Myocardial transcription of inflammatory and remodeling markers in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and systemic diseases associated with an inflammatory phenotype. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:484-494. [PMID: 33848803 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by macrophage-driven myocardial remodeling processes in a pro-inflammatory environment. To further investigate the mechanisms behind these processes, the myocardial transcription of cytokines and remodeling enzymes was comparatively assessed in cats with HCM and cats without cardiac diseases. Sixty-seven cats were included, 17 cats with HCM (including 5 with atrial thrombus; AT), and 50 cats without cardiac diseases. The latter comprised 10 control cats (no cardiac or relevant systemic disease), 34 cats with diseases suspected to be associated with a systemic inflammatory state of which 18 suffered from feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and 6 cats with multicentric lymphoma. Samples from atria, ventricular free walls and interventricular septum were examined using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The overall highest myocardial marker transcriptions were observed in cats with multicentric lymphoma, FIP and HCM, followed by diseases likely associated with a systemic inflammatory state, and control cats. Inflammatory marker transcription predominated in the myocardium of cats with systemic inflammatory diseases, whereas in HCM the transcription of remodeling enzymes prevailed. Sex significantly influenced the myocardial transcription of several remodeling enzymes. These results suggest a versatile myocardial response depending on the disease and illustrates the relevance of sex for the cardiac response to cardiac and systemic disease in cats. A systemic inflammatory state appears to elicit an inflammatory phenotype in the myocardium, whereas in HCM, the myocardium mediates its own remodeling. In HCM, the identified markers might be involved in the ongoing remodeling processes causing structural and functional changes.
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Dorschel KB, Wanebo JE. Genetic and Proteomic Contributions to the Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Angiopathy and Related Vascular Diseases. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:145-171. [PMID: 33776470 PMCID: PMC7987310 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s252736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rationale This literature review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of the current classes of proteins, cells, genes, and signaling pathways relevant to moyamoya angiopathy (MA), along with future research directions and implementation of current knowledge in clinical practice. Objective This article is intended for physicians diagnosing, treating, and researching MA. Methods and Results References were identified using a PubMed/Medline systematic computerized search of the medical literature from January 1, 1957, through August 4, 2020, conducted by the authors, using the key words and various combinations of the key words “moyamoya disease,” “moyamoya syndrome,” “biomarker,” “proteome,” “genetics,” “stroke,” “angiogenesis,” “cerebral arteriopathy,” “pathophysiology,” and “etiology.” Relevant articles and supplemental basic science articles published in English were included. Intimal hyperplasia, medial thinning, irregular elastic lamina, and creation of moyamoya vessels are the end pathologies of many distinct molecular and genetic processes. Currently, 8 primary classes of proteins are implicated in the pathophysiology of MA: gene-mutation products, enzymes, growth factors, transcription factors, adhesion molecules, inflammatory/coagulation peptides, immune-related factors, and novel biomarker candidate proteins. We anticipate that this article will need to be updated in 5 years. Conclusion It is increasingly apparent that MA encompasses a variety of distinct pathophysiologic conditions. Continued research into biomarkers, genetics, and signaling pathways associated with MA will improve and refine our understanding of moyamoya’s complex pathophysiology. Future efforts will benefit from multicenter studies, family-based analyses, comparative trials, and close collaboration between the clinical setting and laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B Dorschel
- Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Bofarid S, Hosman AE, Mager JJ, Snijder RJ, Post MC. Pulmonary Vascular Complications in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and the Underlying Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073471. [PMID: 33801690 PMCID: PMC8038106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the development of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), both pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 persons and characterized by epistaxis, telangiectasia and AVMs in more than 80% of cases, HHT is caused by a mutation in the ENG gene on chromosome 9 encoding for the protein endoglin or activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1) gene on chromosome 12 encoding for the protein ALK-1, resulting in HHT type 1 or HHT type 2, respectively. A third disease-causing mutation has been found in the SMAD-4 gene, causing a combination of HHT and juvenile polyposis coli. All three genes play a role in the TGF-β signaling pathway that is essential in angiogenesis where it plays a pivotal role in neoangiogenesis, vessel maturation and stabilization. PH is characterized by elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure caused by a variety of different underlying pathologies. HHT carries an additional increased risk of PH because of high cardiac output as a result of anemia and shunting through hepatic AVMs, or development of pulmonary arterial hypertension due to interference of the TGF-β pathway. HHT in combination with PH is associated with a worse prognosis due to right-sided cardiac failure. The treatment of PVD in HHT includes medical or interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sala Bofarid
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna E. Hosman
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; (A.E.H.); (J.J.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Johannes J. Mager
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; (A.E.H.); (J.J.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Repke J. Snijder
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; (A.E.H.); (J.J.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Marco C. Post
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-883203000
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Nam B, Park H, Lee YL, Oh Y, Park J, Kim SY, Weon S, Choi SH, Yang JH, Jo S, Kim TH. TGFβ1 Suppressed Matrix Mineralization of Osteoblasts Differentiation by Regulating SMURF1-C/EBPβ-DKK1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249771. [PMID: 33371439 PMCID: PMC7767413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a major mediator in the modulation of osteoblast differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we show that TGFβ1 has a dual stage-dependent role in osteoblast differentiation; TGFβ1 induced matrix maturation but inhibited matrix mineralization. We discovered the underlying mechanism of the TGFβ1 inhibitory role in mineralization using human osteoprogenitors. In particular, the matrix mineralization-related genes of osteoblasts such as osteocalcin (OCN), Dickkopf 1 (DKK1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) were dramatically suppressed by TGFβ1 treatment. The suppressive effects of TGFβ1 were reversed with anti-TGFβ1 treatment. Mechanically, TGFβ1 decreased protein levels of C/EBPβ without changing mRNA levels and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of DKK1. The degradation of the C/EBPβ protein by TGFβ1 was dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. TGFβ1 degraded the C/EBPβ protein by inducing the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) at the transcript level, thereby reducing the C/EBPβ-DKK1 regulatory mechanism. Collectively, our findings suggest that TGFβ1 suppressed the matrix mineralization of osteoblast differentiation by regulating the SMURF1-C/EBPβ-DKK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Nam
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyosun Park
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Lim Lee
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Younseo Oh
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinsung Park
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Subin Weon
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (T.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-9248 (S.J.); +82-2-2290-9245 (T.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-2298-8231 (S.J. & T.-H.K.)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (T.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-9248 (S.J.); +82-2-2290-9245 (T.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-2298-8231 (S.J. & T.-H.K.)
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Abstract
Microvasculature functions at the tissue and cell level, regulating local mass exchange of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood. While there has been considerable success in the biofabrication of large- and small-vessel replacements, functional microvasculature has been particularly challenging to engineer due to its size and complexity. Recently, three-dimensional bioprinting has expanded the possibilities of fabricating sophisticated microvascular systems by enabling precise spatiotemporal placement of cells and biomaterials based on computer-aided design. However, there are still significant challenges facing the development of printable biomaterials that promote robust formation and controlled 3D organization of microvascular networks. This review provides a thorough examination and critical evaluation of contemporary biomaterials and their specific roles in bioprinting microvasculature. We first provide an overview of bioprinting methods and techniques that enable the fabrication of microvessels. We then offer an in-depth critical analysis on the use of hydrogel bioinks for printing microvascularized constructs within the framework of current bioprinting modalities. We end with a review of recent applications of bioprinted microvasculature for disease modeling, drug testing, and tissue engineering, and conclude with an outlook on the challenges facing the evolution of biomaterials design for bioprinting microvasculature with physiological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Barrs
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jia Jia
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sophia E. Silver
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael Yost
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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36
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da Silva SM, Campos GD, Gomes FCA, Stipursky J. Radial Glia-endothelial Cells' Bidirectional Interactions Control Vascular Maturation and Astrocyte Differentiation: Impact for Blood-brain Barrier Formation. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:291-300. [PMID: 31633476 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191014120156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the developing cerebral cortex, Radial Glia (RG) multipotent neural stem cell, among other functions, differentiate into astrocytes and serve as a scaffold for blood vessel development. After some time, blood vessel Endothelial Cells (ECs) become associated with astrocytes to form the neurovascular Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) unit. OBJECTIVE Since little is known about the mechanisms underlying bidirectional RG-ECs interactions in both vascular development and astrocyte differentiation, this study investigated the impact of interactions between RG and ECs mediated by secreted factors on EC maturation and gliogenesis control. METHODS First, we demonstrated that immature vasculature in the murine embryonic cerebral cortex physically interacts with Nestin positive RG neural stem cells in vivo. Isolated Microcapillary Brain Endothelial Cells (MBEC) treated with the conditioned medium from RG cultures (RG-CM) displayed decreased proliferation, reduction in the protein levels of the endothelial tip cell marker Delta-like 4 (Dll4), and decreased expression levels of the vascular permeability associated gene, plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PLVAP1). These events were also accompanied by increased levels of the tight junction protein expression, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). RESULTS Finally, we demonstrated that isolated RG cells cultures treated with MBEC conditioned medium promoted the differentiation of astrocytes in a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the bidirectional interaction between RG and ECs is essential to induce vascular maturation and astrocyte generation, which may be an essential cell-cell communication mechanism to promote BBB establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqueira M da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Gisbert D Campos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia C A Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Joice Stipursky
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
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37
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Xu-Dubois YC, Ahmadpoor P, Brocheriou I, Louis K, Arzouk Snanoudj N, Rouvier P, Taupin JL, Corchia A, Galichon P, Barrou B, Giraud S, Hauet T, Jouanneau C, Rodenas A, Placier S, Niasse A, Ouchelouche S, Naimi BY, Akil E, Hertig A, Buob D, Rondeau E. Microvasculature partial endothelial mesenchymal transition in early posttransplant biopsy with acute tubular necrosis identifies poor recovery renal allografts. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2400-2412. [PMID: 32167213 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), a frequent histopathological feature in the early post-renal transplant biopsy, affects long-term graft function. Appropriate markers to identify patients at risk of no or incomplete recovery after delayed graft function are lacking. In this study, we first included 41 renal transplant patients whose biopsy for cause during the first month after transplantation showed ATN lesions. Using partial microvasculature endothelial (fascin, vimentin) and tubular epithelial (vimentin) to mesenchymal transition markers, detected by immunohistochemistry, we found a significant association between partial endothelial to mesenchymal transition and poor graft function recovery (Spearman's rho = -0.55, P = .0005). Transforming growth factor-β1 was strongly expressed in these phenotypic changed endothelial cells. Extent of ATN was also correlated with short- and long-term graft dysfunction. However, the association of extensive ATN with long-term graft dysfunction (24 months posttransplant) was observed only in patients with partial endothelial to mesenchymal transition marker expression in their grafts (Spearman's rho = -0.64, P = .003), but not in those without. The association of partial endothelial to mesenchymal transition with worse renal graft outcome was confirmed on 34 other early biopsies with ATN from a second transplant center. Our results suggest that endothelial cell activation at the early phase of renal transplantation plays a detrimental role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Xu-Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France.,Public Health, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Kevin Louis
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France
| | - Nadia Arzouk Snanoudj
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Rouvier
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Corchia
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France.,Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Barrou
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Pôle Biospharm, Poitiers, France.,INSERM UMR 1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Pôle Biospharm, Poitiers, France.,INSERM UMR 1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Chantal Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France
| | - Anita Rodenas
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Placier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France
| | - Aissata Niasse
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France
| | - Souhila Ouchelouche
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alexandre Hertig
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France.,Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Buob
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Rondeau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Paris, France.,Kidney Transplantation, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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38
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Hiepen C, Mendez PL, Knaus P. It Takes Two to Tango: Endothelial TGFβ/BMP Signaling Crosstalk with Mechanobiology. Cells 2020; 9:E1965. [PMID: 32858894 PMCID: PMC7564048 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines. While some ligand members are potent inducers of angiogenesis, others promote vascular homeostasis. However, the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions is still a growing research field. In bone, the tissue in which BMPs were first discovered, crosstalk of TGFβ/BMP signaling with mechanobiology is well understood. Likewise, the endothelium represents a tissue that is constantly exposed to multiple mechanical triggers, such as wall shear stress, elicited by blood flow or strain, and tension from the surrounding cells and to the extracellular matrix. To integrate mechanical stimuli, the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the transduction of these forces in endothelial cells. Importantly, mechanical forces integrate on several levels of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, such as receptors and SMADs, but also global cell-architecture and nuclear chromatin re-organization. Here, we summarize the current literature on crosstalk mechanisms between biochemical cues elicited by TGFβ/BMP growth factors and mechanical cues, as shear stress or matrix stiffness that collectively orchestrate endothelial function. We focus on the different subcellular compartments in which the forces are sensed and integrated into the TGFβ/BMP growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petra Knaus
- Knaus-Lab/Signal Transduction, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (P.-L.M.)
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39
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Cheng WL, Zhang Q, Cao JL, Chen XL, Li W, Zhang L, Chao SP, Zhao F. ALK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Macrophage Activation through Down-Regulation of PPARγ Expression. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:375-384. [PMID: 32641645 PMCID: PMC8147563 DOI: 10.5551/jat.54445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) acts as a key receptor for TGF-β family members, which play important roles in regulating cardiovascular activity. However, ALK7's potential role, and underlying mechanism, in the macrophage activation involved in atherogenesis remain unexplored. Methods: ALK7 expression in macrophages was tested by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence co-staining. The loss-of-function strategy using AdshALK7 was performed for functional study. Oil Red O staining was used to observe the foam cell formation, while inflammatory mediators and genes related to cholesterol efflux and influx were determined by RT-PCR and western blot. A PPARγ inhibitor (G3335) was used to reveal whether PPARγ was required for ALK7 to affect macrophage activation. Results: The results exhibited upregulated ALK7 expression in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) induced bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), isolated from ApoE-deficient mice, while ALK7's strong immunoreactivity in BMDMs was observed. ALK7 knockdown significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory, but promoted anti-inflammatory, macrophage markers expression. Additionally, ALK7 silencing decreased foam cell formation, accompanied by the up-regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 involved in cholesterol efflux but the down-regulation of CD36 and SR-A implicated in cholesterol influx. Mechanistically, ALK7 knockdown upregulated PPARγ expression, which was required for the ameliorated effect of ALK7 silencing macrophage activation. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that ALK7 was a positive regulator for macrophage activation, partially through down-regulation of PPARγ expression, which suggested that neutralizing ALK7 might be promising therapeutic strategy for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Xi-Lu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Nanchang
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Sheng-Ping Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
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40
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Tsang CP, Mizutani K, Trenkler J, Holmin S, Rodesch G. De novo arteriovenous shunts after endovascular cure of cerebrospinal macro arteriovenous fistulas. A role for the vasa vasorum? J Neuroradiol 2020; 48:127-131. [PMID: 32603766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macro-arteriovenous fistulas (MAVFs) are arteriovenous shunts draining into a giant venous ectasia. They can be treated by surgery or embolisation. Angiographic controls are usually performed rapidly after treatment in order to prove the cure of the lesion but no long term angiographies are generally scheduled. We wanted to control the stabilities of such lesions at follow-up. METHOD Clinical history and imaging of ninety-five patients with high flow shunts draining into venous ectasias (MAVFs, Vein of Galen malformations and dilatations) were reviewed. RESULTS De novo arteriovenous shunts related to angiogenesis involving vasa vasorum developed in three patients with MAVFs at various intervals. Genetic underlying conditions as HHT or RASA 1 mutations were suspected in each patient. CONCLUSIONS Neo-angiogenesis can occur after cure of MAVFs. Long term imaging follow-ups should be considered as the natural history of such recurrent shunts is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pong Tsang
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Johannes Trenkler
- Institute für Neuroradiologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georges Rodesch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
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41
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Khedr EM, Ahmed OG, Sayed HM, Abo-Elfetoh N, Ali AM, Gomaa AM. Electrophysiological differences in cortical excitability in different forms of dementia: A transcranial magnetic stimulation and laboratory biomarkers study. Neurophysiol Clin 2020; 50:185-193. [PMID: 32591186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to identify neurophysiologic markers to differentiate between Alzheimer dementia (AD), Vascular dementia (VaD), and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and to examine their relationship to levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). METHODS The study included 15 patients with each type of dementia (AD, VaD, PDD) and 25 control subjects. Dementia patients were diagnosed according to the DiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders4thedition-revised(DSM-IV-R). Modified Mini Mental State Examination (MMMSE), motor cortex excitability including resting and active motor thresholds (rMT, aMT), input-output (I/O) curve, contralateral and ipsilateral silent periods (cSP, iSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) at 1,2 and 4ms, and serum levels of TGFβ1 were examined. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups with regards to age, sex, education or socioeconomic level. There was significant neuronal hyperexcitability in the form of reduced rMT and aMT and a shallower I/O curve in all three groups of dementia compared with the control group. The durations of cSP and iSP were longer in AD and PDD groups compared with the control group, whereas there were no significant differences in VaD. SICI was less effective in the three dementia groups than in the control group at intervals of 4ms. Serum levels of TGFβ1 were significantly elevated in all dementia groups in comparison with the control group. There was a significant negative correlation between serum level of TGFβ1 and cSP, iSP, and SICI across all patients and a significant negative correlation between serum level of TGFβ1 and iSP duration in AD. CONCLUSION Although motor thresholds were reduced in all patients, measures of SICI, cSP and iSP could distinguish between dementia groups. Serum level of TGFβ1 negatively correlated with iSP specifically in the AD group. This suggests that levels of TGFβ1 may relate to GABAergic dysfunction in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Khedr
- Neurology and psychiatry department, Assiut university hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Omyma G Ahmed
- Medical physiology department, faculty of medicine, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mm Sayed
- Medical physiology department, faculty of medicine, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha Abo-Elfetoh
- Neurology and psychiatry department, Assiut university hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Anwar M Ali
- Neurology and psychiatry department, Assiut university hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ms Gomaa
- Medical physiology department, faculty of medicine, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt
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42
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Peroutka RJ, Buzza MS, Mukhopadhyay S, Johnson TA, Driesbaugh KH, Antalis TM. Testisin/Prss21 deficiency causes increased vascular permeability and a hemorrhagic phenotype during luteal angiogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234407. [PMID: 32511276 PMCID: PMC7279603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testisin (encoded by PRSS21) is a membrane anchored serine protease, which is tethered to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. While testisin is found in abundance in spermatozoa, it is also expressed in microvascular endothelial cells where its function is unknown. Here we identify testisin as a novel regulator of physiological hormone-induced angiogenesis and microvascular endothelial permeability. Using a murine model of rapid physiological angiogenesis during corpus luteal development in the ovary, we found that mice genetically deficient in testisin (Prss21-/-) show a substantially increased incidence of hemorrhages which are significantly more severe than in littermate control Prss21+/+ mice. This phenotype was associated with increased vascular leakiness, demonstrated by a greater accumulation of extravasated Evans blue dye in Prss21-/- ovaries. Live cell imaging of in vitro cultured microvascular endothelial cells depleted of testisin by siRNA knockdown revealed that loss of testisin markedly impaired reorganization and tubule-like formation on Matrigel basement membranes. Moreover testisin siRNA knockdown increased the paracellular permeability to FITC-albumin across endothelial cell monolayers, which was associated with decreased expression of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and increased levels of phospho(Tyr658)-VE-cadherin, without affecting the levels of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5, or ZO-1. Decreased expression of VE-cadherin in the neovasculature of Prss21-/- ovaries was also observed without marked differences in endothelial cell content, vascular claudin-5 expression or pericyte recruitment. Together, these data identify testisin as a novel regulator of VE-cadherin adhesions during angiogenesis and indicate a potential new target for regulating neovascular integrity and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J. Peroutka
- Department of Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
| | - Marguerite S. Buzza
- Department of Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
| | - Subhradip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
| | - Tierra A. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
| | - Kathryn H. Driesbaugh
- Department of Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
| | - Toni M. Antalis
- Department of Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United Sates of America
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ALK7 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Phenotypic Modulation by Negative Regulating PPARγ Expression. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 76:237-245. [PMID: 32467530 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a receptor for transforming growth factor-β, nodal and activin, activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) previously acts as a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis, which has emerged to play a key role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the potential effect and molecular mechanism of ALK7 on vascular smooth muscle cells' (VSMCs) phenotypic modulation have not been investigated. Using cultured mouse VSMCs with platelet-derived growth factor-BB administration, we observed that ALK7 showed a significantly increased expression in VSMCs accompanied by decreased VSMCs differentiation marker genes. Loss-of-function study demonstrated that ALK7 knockdown inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation characterized by increased VSMCs differentiation markers, reduced proliferation, and migration of VSMCs. Such above effects were reversed by ALK7 overexpression. Notably, we noticed that ALK7 silencing dramatically enhanced PPARγ expression, which was required for the attenuated effect of ALK7 knockdown on VSMCs phenotypic modulation. Collected, we identified that ALK7 acted as a novel and positive regulator for VSMCs phenotypic modulation partially through inactivation of PPARγ, which suggested that neutralization of ALK7 might act as a promising therapeutic strategy of intimal hyperplasia.
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Mtshali Z, Moodley J, Naicker T. An Insight into the Angiogenic and Lymphatic Interplay in Pre-eclampsia Comorbid with HIV Infection. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:35. [PMID: 32200445 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide insight on the imbalance of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors in pre-eclampsia, as well as highlight polymorphism in genes related to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS The pregnancy-specific disorder pre-eclampsia is diagnosed by the presence of hypertension with/without proteinuria, after 20 weeks of gestation. The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains ambiguous, but research over the years has identified an imbalance in maternal and foetal factors. Familial predisposition and gene variation are also linked to pre-eclampsia development. The sFlt-1/PIGF ratio has attracted great attention over the years; more recently several researchers have reported that a sFlt-1/PIGF ratio of ≤ 38 can be used to predict short-term absence of pre-eclampsia. This ratio has the potential to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduce healthcare costs significantly. Genome-wide studies have additionally identified variation in the foetal gene near Flt-1. The development of preeclampsia is not limited to the maternal interface, but foetal involvement as well as genetic interplay is associated with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamahlabangane Mtshali
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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da Silva AB, Cerqueira Coelho PL, das Neves Oliveira M, Oliveira JL, Oliveira Amparo JA, da Silva KC, Soares JRP, Pitanga BPS, Dos Santos Souza C, de Faria Lopes GP, da Silva VDA, de Fátima Dias Costa M, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H, Moura-Neto V, Costa SL. The flavonoid rutin and its aglycone quercetin modulate the microglia inflammatory profile improving antiglioma activity. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:170-185. [PMID: 31059805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells are the immune effector in the Central Nervous System (CNS). However, studies have showed that they contribute more to glioma progression than to its elimination. Rutin and its aglycone quercetin are flavonoids present in many fruits as well as plants and have been demonstrated to bear anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties also to human glioblastoma cell lines. Previous studies also demonstrated that rutin, isolated from the Brazilian plant Dimorphandra mollis Bent., presents immunomodulatory effect on astrocytes and microglia. In this study, we investigate the antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of rutin and its aglycone quercetin on the viability of glioma cells alone and under direct and indirect interaction with microglia. Flavonoid treatment of rat C6 glioma cells induced inhibition of proliferation and migration, and also induced microglia chemotaxis that was associated to the up regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the down regulation of Interleukin 10 (IL-10) at protein and mRNA expression levels, regulation of mRNA expression for chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CX3CL1, and Heparin Binding Growth Factor (HDGF), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) growth factors. Treatment of human U251 and TG1 glioblastoma cells with both flavonoids also modulated negatively the expression of mRNA for IL-6 and IL-10 and positively the expression of mRNA for TNF characterizing changes to the immune regulatory profile. Treatment of microglia and C6 cells either in co-cultures or during indirect interaction, via conditioned media from glioma cells treated with flavonoids or via conditioned media from microglia treated with flavonoids reduced proliferation and migration of glioma cells. It also directed microglia towards an inflammatory profile with increased expression of mRNA for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and decreased expression of mRNA for nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), arginase and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as well as Insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Treatment of U251 cells with flavonoids also reduced tumorigenesis when the cells were xenotransplanted in rat brains, and directed microglia and also astrocytes in the microenvironment of tumor cell implantation as well as in the brain parenchyma to a not favorable molecular inflammatory profile to the glioma growth, as observed in cultures. Together these results demonstrate that the flavonoid rutin and its aglycone quercetin present antiglioma effects related to the property of modulating the microglial inflammatory profile and may be considered for molecular and preclinical studies as adjuvant molecules for treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bispo da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Lucas Cerqueira Coelho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mona das Neves Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joana Luz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jéssika Alves Oliveira Amparo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Janaina Ribeiro Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Penas Seara Pitanga
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Studies of the Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), 28930-000 Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro and Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), ICB/UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marie Pierre Junier
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- State Institute of the Brain Paulo Niemeyer, 20230-024 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), ICB/UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), ICB/UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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46
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Margetts PJ, Bonniaud P. Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Peritoneal Fibrosis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080302300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Bonniaud
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Kaminska B, Cyranowski S. Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of TGF Beta Signaling and Its Role in Glioma Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:179-201. [PMID: 32034714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival/or apoptosis of many cells, including glioma cells. TGF-β acts via specific receptors activating multiple intracellular pathways resulting in phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smad2/3 proteins that associate with the common mediator, Smad4. Such complex translocates to the nucleus, binds to DNA and regulates transcription of many genes. Furthermore, TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a component of TGF-β signaling and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Negative regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling may occur through the inhibitory Smad6/7. While genetic alterations in genes related to TGF-β signaling are relatively rare in gliomas, the altered expression of those genes is a frequent event. The increased expression of TGF-β1-3 correlates with a degree of malignancy of human gliomas. TGF-β may contribute to tumor pathogenesis in many ways: by direct support of tumor growth, by maintaining self-renewal of glioma initiating stem cells and inhibiting anti-tumor immunity. Glioma initiating cells are dedifferentiated cells that retain many stem cell-like properties, play a role in tumor initiation and contribute to its recurrence. TGF-β1,2 stimulate expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the plasminogen activator inhibitor and some metalloproteinases that are involved in vascular remodeling, angiogenesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Inhibitors of TGF-β signaling reduce viability and invasion of gliomas in animal models and show a great promise as novel, potential anti-tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Salwador Cyranowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Meningioma Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:33-48. [PMID: 34185285 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of noncancerous cells, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, and the proteins produced by these cells as well as the extracellular matrix components in the environment around a tumor. Tumor influences the behavior of the cells present in the surrounding environment, while the cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate the evolution of the tumor. Little is known about the microenvironment of meningioma, the most common benign intracranial tumor. Here, we review the current knowledge of the tumor microenvironment of meningioma and discusses its importance in meningioma tumorigenesis as well as in the designation of novel therapeutic approaches.
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49
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Qiu B, Tan A, Veluchamy AB, Li Y, Murray H, Cheng W, Liu C, Busoy JM, Chen QY, Sistla S, Hunziker W, Cheung CMG, Wong TY, Hong W, Luesch H, Wang X. Apratoxin S4 Inspired by a Marine Natural Product, a New Treatment Option for Ocular Angiogenic Diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3254-3263. [PMID: 31361305 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormal blood vessel formation is a defining feature of many blinding eye diseases. Targeting abnormal angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF has revolutionized the treatment of many ocular angiogenic diseases over the last decade. However, a substantial number of patients are refractory to anti-VEGF treatment or may develop resistance over time. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and the mechanism of action of Apratoxin S4 in ocular angiogenesis. Methods Retinal vascular cell proliferation, migration, and the ability to form tube-like structure were studied in vitro. Ex vivo aortic ring, choroid, and metatarsal assays were used to study Apratoxin S4's impact on vessel outgrowth in a multicellular environment. Apratoxin S4 was also tested in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and in a rabbit model of persistent retinal neovascularization (PRNV). Western blot and ELISA were used to determine the expression of key angiogenic regulators after Apratoxin S4 treatment. Results Apratoxin S4 strongly inhibits retinal vascular cell activation by suppressing multiple angiogenic pathways. VEGF-activated vascular cells and angiogenic vessels are more susceptible to Apratoxin S4 treatment than quiescent vascular cells and vessels. Both intraperitoneal and intravitreal delivery of Apratoxin S4 are able to impede ocular neovascularization in vivo. Apratoxin S4 specifically attenuates pathological ocular angiogenesis and exhibits a combinatorial inhibitory effect with standard-of-care VEGF inhibitor drug (aflibercept). Conclusions Apratoxin S4 is a potent antiangiogenic drug that inhibits the activation of retinal endothelial cells and pericytes through mediating multiple angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiying Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore
| | - Alison Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore
| | - Amutha Barathi Veluchamy
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Hannah Murray
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Marie Busoy
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Srivani Sistla
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States.,Oceanyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, United Kingdom
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50
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Hanna A, Frangogiannis NG. The Role of the TGF-β Superfamily in Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:140. [PMID: 31620450 PMCID: PMC6760019 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Myocardial infarction is associated with induction of several members of the superfamily, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-10, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-8, GDF-11 and activin A. This manuscript reviews our current knowledge on the patterns and mechanisms of regulation and activation of TGF-β superfamily members in the infarcted heart, and discusses their cellular actions and downstream signaling mechanisms. In the infarcted heart, TGF-β isoforms modulate cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophic responses, critically regulate immune cell function, activate fibroblasts, and stimulate a matrix-preserving program. BMP subfamily members have been suggested to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and may regulate fibrosis. Members of the GDF subfamily may also modulate survival and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and regulate inflammation. Important actions of TGF-β superfamily members may be mediated through activation of Smad-dependent or non-Smad pathways. The critical role of TGF-β signaling cascades in cardiac repair, remodeling, fibrosis, and regeneration may suggest attractive therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction patients. However, the pleiotropic, cell-specific, and context-dependent actions of TGF-β superfamily members pose major challenges in therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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