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Asmaey MA, Hamed A, Shaaban M. Natural Peroxides from Plants: Historical Discovery, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400644. [PMID: 38958342 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Naturally occurring peroxides received great interest and attention from scientific research groups worldwide due to their structural diversity, versatile biological activities, and pharmaceutical properties. In the present review, we describe the historical discovery of natural peroxides from plants systematically and update the researchers with recently explored ones justifying their structural caterogrization and biological/pharmaceutical properties intensively. Till the end of 2023, 192 peroxy natural products from plants were documented herein for the first time implying most categories of natural scaffolds (e. g. terpenes, polyketides, phenolics and alkaloids). Numerically, the reported plants' peroxides have been classified into seventy-four hydro-peroxides, hundred seven endo-peroxides and eleven acyl-peroxides. Endo-peroxides (cyclic alkyl peroxides) are an important group due to their high variety of structural frameworks, and we have further divided them into "four-, five-, six and seven"-membered rings. Biosynthetically, a shedding light on the intricate mechanisms behind the formation of plant-derived peroxides are addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Asmaey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelaaty Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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2
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Das J, Kim JH. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived outer membrane vesicles against Streptococcus mutans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22606. [PMID: 38125454 PMCID: PMC10730581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious and most urgent global threat to human health. AMR is one of today's biggest difficulties in the health system and has the potential to harm people at any stage of life, making it a severe public health issue. There must be fewer antimicrobial medicines available to treat diseases given the rise in antibiotic-resistant organisms. If no new drugs are created or discovered, it is predicted that there won't be any effective antibiotics accessible by 2050. In most cases, Streptococcus increased antibiotic resistance by forming biofilms, which account for around 80 % of all microbial infections in humans. This highlights the need to look for new strategies to manage diseases that are resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, development alternative, biocompatible and high efficacy new strategies are essential to overcome drug resistance. Recently, bacterial derived extracellular vesicles have been applied to tackle infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, the objective of the current study was designed to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa againstStreptococcus mutans. According to the findings of this investigation, the pure P. aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles (PAOMVs) display a size of 100 nm. S. mutans treated with PAOMVs showed significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The mechanistic studies revealed that PAOMVs induce cell death through excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and imbalance of redox leads to lipid peroxidation, decreased level of antioxidant markers including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further this study confirmed that PAOMVs significantly impairs metabolic activity through inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, leakage of proteins and sugars. Interestingly, combination of sub-lethal concentrations of PAOMVs and antibiotics enhances cell death and biofilm formation of S. mutans. Altogether, this work, may serve as an important basis for further evaluation of PAOMVs as novel therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Rathinam Techzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Rathinam Techzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796 004, Mizoram, India
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
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3
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Lin D, Xu X, Chen L, Chen L, Deng M, Chen J, Ren Z, Lei L, Wang J, Deng J, Li X. Supramolecular nanofiber of indomethacin derivative confers highly cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity and boosts anti-inflammatory efficacy. J Control Release 2023; 364:272-282. [PMID: 37866406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile method for converting carboxylate-containing indomethacin (Idm) into a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor via the amidation of an unnatural peptide sequence (Nal-Nal-Asp). The resulting indomethacin amides (i.e., Idm-Nal-Nal-Asp) have high selectivity for COX-2, and can self-assemble into a one-component supramolecular hydrogel that acts as a 'self-delivery' system for boosting anti-inflammatory efficacy. Self-assembled Idm-Nal-Nal-Asp hydrogel robustly inhibits COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages while also exhibits superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Moreover, a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) reveals that the Idm-Nal-Nal-Asp hydrogel outperforms clinically used 0.1 wt% diclofenac sodium eye drops in terms of in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy via topical instillation route. As a rational approach to designing and applying COX-2 selective inhibitors, this work presents a simple method for converting non-selective nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into highly selective COX-2 inhibitors that can self-assemble into supramolecular hydrogel for anti-inflammation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Mengyun Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jinrun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhibin Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Xingyi Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Santos CBR, Lobato CC, Ota SSB, Silva RC, Bittencourt RCVS, Freitas JJS, Ferreira EFB, Ferreira MB, Silva RC, De Lima AB, Campos JM, Borges RS, Bittencourt JAHM. Analgesic Activity of 5-Acetamido-2-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid Derivatives and an In-Vivo and In-Silico Analysis of Their Target Interactions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1584. [PMID: 38004449 PMCID: PMC10674373 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with better activity and lower side effects are big challenges today. In this work, two 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives were proposed, increasing the alkyl position (methyl) in an acetamide moiety, and synthesized, and their structural elucidation was performed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The changes in methyl in larger groups such as phenyl and benzyl aim to increase their selectivity over cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). These 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives were prepared using classic methods of acylation reactions with anhydride or acyl chloride. Pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties were predicted using computational tools, and their binding affinity (kcal/mol) with COX-2 receptors (Mus musculus and Homo sapiens) was analyzed using docking studies (PDB ID 4PH9, 5KIR, 1PXX and 5F1A). An in-silico study showed that 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivates have a better bioavailability and binding affinity with the COX-2 receptor, and in-vivo anti-nociceptive activity was investigated by means of a writhing test induced by acetic acid and a hot plate. PS3, at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg, reduced painful activity by 74% and 75%, respectively, when compared to the control group (20 mg/kg). Regarding the anti-nociceptive activity, the benzyl showed reductions in painful activity when compared to acetaminophen and 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid. However, the proposed derivatives are potentially more active than 5-acetamido-2-hydroxy benzoic acid and they support the design of novel and safer derivative candidates. Consequently, more studies need to be conducted to evaluate the different pharmacological actions, the toxicity of possible metabolites that can be generated, and their potential use in inflammation and pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (R.C.S.); (R.C.V.S.B.); (M.B.F.)
- Graduate Program on Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.S.B.O.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Cleison C. Lobato
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (R.C.S.); (R.C.V.S.B.); (M.B.F.)
- Graduate Program on Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.S.B.O.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Sirlene S. B. Ota
- Graduate Program on Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.S.B.O.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Rai C. Silva
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (R.C.S.); (R.C.V.S.B.); (M.B.F.)
- Graduate Program on Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.S.B.O.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Renata C. V. S. Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (R.C.S.); (R.C.V.S.B.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Jofre J. S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-662, PA, Brazil; (J.J.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (A.B.D.L.)
| | - Elenilze F. B. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the State of Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil;
| | - Marília B. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (R.C.S.); (R.C.V.S.B.); (M.B.F.)
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-662, PA, Brazil; (J.J.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (A.B.D.L.)
| | - Renata C. Silva
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-662, PA, Brazil; (J.J.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (A.B.D.L.)
| | - Anderson B. De Lima
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-662, PA, Brazil; (J.J.S.F.); (R.C.S.); (A.B.D.L.)
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosivaldo S. Borges
- Graduate Program on Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.S.B.O.); (R.S.B.)
| | - José A. H. M. Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (R.C.S.); (R.C.V.S.B.); (M.B.F.)
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Mikus J, Świątek P, Przybyła P, Krzyżak E, Marciniak A, Kotynia A, Redzicka A, Wiatrak B, Jawień P, Gębarowski T, Szczukowski Ł. Synthesis, Biological, Spectroscopic and Computational Investigations of Novel N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone as Dual COX/LOX Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5479. [PMID: 37513351 PMCID: PMC10383271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secure and efficient treatment of diverse pain and inflammatory disorders is continually challenging. Although NSAIDs and other painkillers are well-known and commonly available, they are sometimes insufficient and can cause dangerous adverse effects. As yet reported, derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone are potent COX-2 inhibitors with a COX-2/COX-1 selectivity index better than meloxicam. Considering that N-acylhydrazone (NAH) moiety is a privileged structure occurring in many promising drug candidates, we decided to introduce this pharmacophore into new series of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives. The current paper presents the synthesis and in vitro, spectroscopic, and in silico studies evaluating the biological and physicochemical properties of NAH derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone. Novel compounds 5a-c-7a-c were received with high purity and good yields and did not show cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. Their COX-1, COX-2, and 15-LOX inhibitory activities were estimated using enzymatic tests and molecular docking studies. The title N-acylhydrazones appeared to be promising dual COX/LOX inhibitors. Moreover, spectroscopic and computational methods revealed that new compounds form stable complexes with the most abundant plasma proteins-AAG and HSA, but do not destabilize their secondary structure. Additionally, predicted pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of investigated molecules suggest their potentially good membrane permeability and satisfactory bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mikus
- Student Science Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (J.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Przybyła
- Student Science Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (J.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Marciniak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksadra Kotynia
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Redzicka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland; (P.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland; (P.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
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Szczukowski Ł, Maniewska J, Wiatrak B, Jawień P, Krzyżak E, Kotynia A, Marciniak A, Janeczek M, Redzicka A. Interactions of N-Mannich Bases of Pyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrrole with Artificial Models of Cell Membranes and Plasma Proteins, Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:349. [PMID: 36984737 PMCID: PMC10057445 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread and easy access to NSAIDs, effective and safe treatment of various inflammatory disorders is still a serious challenge because of the severe adverse effects distinctive to these drugs. The Mannich base derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole are potent, preferential COX-2 inhibitors with a COX-2/COX-1 inhibitory ratio better than meloxicam. Therefore, we chose the six most promising molecules and subjected them to further in-depth research. The current study presents the extensive biological, spectroscopic and in silico evaluation of the activity and physicochemical properties of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole derivatives. Aware of the advantages of dual COX-LOX inhibition, we investigated the 15-LOX inhibitory activity of these molecules. We also examined their antioxidant effect in several in vitro experiments in a protection and regeneration model. Furthermore, we defined how studied compounds interact with artificial models of cell membranes, which is extremely important for drugs administered orally with an intracellular target. The interactions and binding mode of the derivatives with the most abundant plasma proteins-human serum albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein-are also described. Finally, we used computational techniques to evaluate their pharmacokinetic properties. According to the obtained results, we can state that pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole derivatives are promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with potentially good membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Maniewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kotynia
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marciniak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Redzicka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kokabiyan Z, Yaghmaei P, Jameie SB, Hajebrahimi Z. Effect of eugenol on lipid profile, oxidative stress, sex hormone, liver injury, ovarian failure, and expression of COX-2 and PPAR-α genes in a rat model of diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3669-3679. [PMID: 36829079 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is among the leading causes of reproductive system failure and infertility in both women and men. Inflammation and oxidative stress have a main role in the development of diabetes. Eugenol or clove oil is a phenolic monoterpenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the effects of eugenol on diabetes features and ovarian function were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats were treated with 12 and 24 mg/kg of eugenol for 4 weeks. The biochemical and histological assay was done to evaluate the effects of eugenol on ovary and pancreas function, liver injury, oxidative status, sex hormones, lipid profile, and mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) genes. Streptozotocin increased levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, pancreas necrosis and inflammation, COX-2 expression, ovarian cystic, and anovulation. It decreased the levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein, Superoxide dismutase, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and PPAR-α expression. Eugenol administration ameliorated diabetes features through the improvement of lipid profile, oxidative status, insulin and glucose levels, sex hormone levels, liver markers, COX-2 and PPAR-α expression, and pancreas histology. It had no effect on ovarian cystic and follicular development. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, eugenol may be useful for ameliorating some adverse features of diabetes and used as an adjunct treatment or protective agent accompany by other chemicals in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kokabiyan
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajebrahimi
- A&S Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Quaranta A, Revol-Cavalier J, Wheelock CE. The octadecanoids: an emerging class of lipid mediators. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1569-1582. [PMID: 36454542 PMCID: PMC9788390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolites of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids that encompass potent lipid mediators including the eicosanoids and docosanoids. Previously considered of low interest and often dismissed as 'just fat', octadecanoid oxylipins have only recently begun to be recognized as lipid mediators in humans. In the last few years, these compounds have been found to be involved in the mediation of multiple biological processes related to nociception, tissue modulation, cell proliferation, metabolic regulation, inflammation, and immune regulation. At the same time, the study of octadecanoids is hampered by a lack of standardization in the field, a paucity of analytical standards, and a lack of domain expertise. These issues have collectively limited the investigation of the biosynthesis and bioactivity of octadecanoids. Here, we present an overview of the primary enzymatic pathways for the oxidative metabolism of 18-carbon fatty acids in humans and of the current knowledge of the major biological activity of the resulting octadecanoids. We also propose a systematic nomenclature system based upon that used for the eicosanoids in order to avoid ambiguities and resolve multiple designations for the same octadecanoid. The aim of this review is to provide an initial framework for the field and to assist in its standardization as well as to increase awareness of this class of compounds in order to stimulate research into this interesting group of lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaranta
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Revol-Cavalier
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Larodan Research Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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9
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El-Barghouthi MI, Hasan AS, Al-Awaida W, Al-Ameer HJ, Kaur J, Hayashibara KJ, Fleming J, Waknin J, Hayashibara S, Slewa M, Hamzeh SM, Bodoor K, McLoud JD, Wuest F, Jawabrah Al Hourani B. Novel therapeutic heterocycles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents: Synthesis, in vitro bioassay screenings, and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Kaur B, Singh P. Inflammation: Biochemistry, Cellular Targets, Anti-inflammatory Agents and Challenges with Special Emphasis on Cyclooxygenase-2. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Modulation of Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Prostaglandins by Components Contained in Kidney Microsomal Preparations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010219. [PMID: 35011450 PMCID: PMC8746486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the kidney, prostaglandins formed by cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) play an important role in regulating renal blood flow. In the present study, we report our observations regarding a unique modulatory effect of renal microsomal preparation on COX-1/2-mediated formation of major prostaglandin (PG) products in vitro. We found that microsomes prepared from pig and rat kidneys had a dual stimulatory–inhibitory effect on the formation of certain PG products catalyzed by COX-1 and COX-2. At lower concentrations, kidney microsomes stimulated the formation of certain PG products, whereas at higher concentrations, their presence inhibited the formation. Presence of kidney microsomes consistently increased the Km values of the COX-1/2-mediated reactions, while the Vmax might be increased or decreased depending on stimulation or inhibition observed. Experimental evidence was presented to show that a protein component present in the pig kidney microsomes was primarily responsible for the activation of the enzyme-catalyzed arachidonic acid metabolism leading to the formation of certain PG products.
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12
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New N-Substituted-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone with Significant Anti-Inflammatory Activity-Design, Synthesis and Complementary In Vitro, Computational and Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011235. [PMID: 34681894 PMCID: PMC8540742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regarding that the chronic use of commonly available non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often restricted by their adverse effects, there is still a current need to search for and develop new, safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents. As a continuation of our previous work, we designed and synthesized a series of 18 novel N-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-based derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone 4a-c-9a-c. The target compounds were afforded via a convenient way of synthesis, with good yields. The executed cell viability assay revealed that molecules 4a-7a, 9a, 4b-7b, 4c-7c do not exert a cytotoxic effect and were qualified for further investigations. According to the performed in vitro test, compounds 4a-7a, 9a, 4b, 7b, 4c show significant cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity and a promising COX-2/COX-1 selectivity ratio. These findings are supported by a molecular docking study which demonstrates that new derivatives take position in the active site of COX-2 very similar to Meloxicam. Moreover, in the carried out in vitro evaluation within cells, the title molecules increase the viability of cells pre-incubated with the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide and reduce the level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in induced oxidative stress. The spectroscopic and molecular modeling study discloses that new compounds bind favorably to site II(m) of bovine serum albumin. Finally, we have also performed some in silico pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness predictions. Taking all of the results into consideration, the molecules belonging to series a (4a-7a, 9a) show the most promising biological profile.
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13
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Peregrym K, Szczukowski Ł, Wiatrak B, Potyrak K, Czyżnikowska Ż, Świątek P. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of New 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone as Promising Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179130. [PMID: 34502040 PMCID: PMC8431030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since long-term use of classic NSAIDs can cause severe side effects related mainly to the gastroduodenal tract, discovery of novel cyclooxygenase inhibitors with a safe gastric profile still remains a crucial challenge. Based on the most recent literature data and previous own studies, we decided to modify the structure of already reported 1,3,4-oxadiazole based derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone in order to obtain effective COX inhibitors. Herein we present the synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 12 novel compounds with disubstituted arylpiperazine pharmacophore linked in a different way with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring. None of the obtained molecules show cytotoxicity on NHDF and THP-1 cell lines and, therefore, all were qualified for further investigation. In vitro cyclooxygenase inhibition assay revealed almost equal activity of new derivatives towards both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes. Moreover, all compounds inhibit COX-2 isoform better than Meloxicam which was used as reference. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in biological assays according to which title molecules are able to reduce induced inflammation within cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to describe the binding mode of new structures to cyclooxygenase. Investigated derivatives take place in the active site of COX, very similar to Meloxicam. For some compounds, promising druglikeness was calculated using in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Peregrym
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.); Tel.: +48-71-784-03-91 (P.Ś.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Potyrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.); Tel.: +48-71-784-03-91 (P.Ś.)
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14
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Tallima H. Clarification of Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Pathway Intricacies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15559-15563. [PMID: 34179599 PMCID: PMC8223202 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surrounding inflammation activates phospholipase A2, which cleaves and releases arachidonic acid (ARA) from cell membranes. The four cis double bonds are instrumental in ARA susceptibility to oxidation, resulting in the generation of numerous bioactive metabolites of critical importance for the immune system, namely inflammation in response to pathogens, resolution of inflammation, wound healing, and mood and energy balance. The ARA metabolism steps are replete with intricacies, deterring researchers from identifying targets, which could be useful in modulating the synthesis of ARA metabolites toward exclusive protection of the host from pathogens, endogenous excessive danger signals, pain, inflammation, stress, and anxiety disorders. While ARA metabolic pathways are reasonably defined, it was deemed mandatory to fully clarify the flow and direction of protons, electrons, and oxygen atoms and the intricacies behind formation and breakage of double bonds and cyclic structures. This in-depth novel information will perfect the development of strategies and drugs aimed at counteracting inflammation and promoting healing.
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15
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Yang C, Li P, Wang P, Zhu BT. Mechanism of reactivation of the peroxidase catalytic activity of human cyclooxygenases by reducing cosubstrate quercetin. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107941. [PMID: 34091174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies show that the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) can be reactivated in vitro and in vivo by the presence of certain naturally-occurring flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin, which serve as reducing cosubstrates. These compounds can activate COX at nanomolar concentrations. In the present study, quercetin is used as a representative model compound to investigate the chemical mechanism by which the peroxidase activity of human COX-1 and COX-2 is reactivated after each catalytic cycle. Molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations are carried out to probe the interactions of quercetin with the peroxidase sites of COX-1/2 and the reactivation mechanism. It is found that some of the partially-ionized states of quercetin can bind tightly and closely inside the peroxidase active sites of the COX enzymes and directly interact with heme Fe ion. While quercetin contains several phenolic hydroxyl groups, it is found that only the C-3'-OH group can effectively donate an electron for the reduction of heme because it not only can bind closely and tightly inside the peroxidase sites of COX-1/2, but it can also facilely donate an electron to heme Fe ion. This investigation provides a mechanistic explanation for the chemical process by which quercetin reactivates COX-1/2 peroxidases. This knowledge would aid in the rational design of drugs that can selectively target the peroxidase sites of COX-1/2 either as activators or inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Bai HW, Yang C, Wang P, Rao S, Zhu BT. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by blocking the reducing cosubstrate at the peroxidase site: Discovery of galangin as a novel cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174036. [PMID: 33737009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Earlier we have shown that certain flavonoids (e.g., quercetin) are high-affinity reducing cosubstrates for cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2. These compounds can bind inside the peroxidase active sites of COXs and donate an electron from one of their B-ring hydroxyl groups to hematin. Based on these earlier findings, it is postulated that some of the natural flavonoids such as galangin that are structural analogs of quercetin but lack the proper B-ring hydroxyl groups might function as novel inhibitors of COXs by blocking the effect of the reducing cosubstrates. This idea is tested in the present study. Computational docking analysis together with quantum chemistry calculation shows that galangin can bind inside the peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 in a similar manner as quercetin, but it has little ability to effectively donate its electrons, thereby blocking the effect of the reducing cosubstrates like quercetin. Further experimental studies confirm that galangin can inhibit, both in vitro and in vivo, quercetin-mediated activation of the peroxidase activity of the COX-1/2 enzymes. The results of the present study demonstrate that galangin is a novel naturally-occurring inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, acting by blocking the function of the reducing cosubstrates at the peroxidase sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China; Present Address: Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Shun Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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17
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Ayoub SS. Paracetamol (acetaminophen): A familiar drug with an unexplained mechanism of action. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 8:351-371. [PMID: 34901318 PMCID: PMC8654482 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1886392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is undoubtedly one of the most widely used drugs worldwide. As an over-the-counter medication, paracetamol is the standard and first-line treatment for fever and acute pain and is believed to remain so for many years to come. Despite being in clinical use for over a century, the precise mechanism of action of this familiar drug remains a mystery. The oldest and most prevailing theory on the mechanism of analgesic and antipyretic actions of paracetamol relates to the inhibition of CNS cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activities, with conflicting views on the COX isoenzyme/variant targeted by paracetamol and on the nature of the molecular interactions with these enzymes. Paracetamol has been proposed to selectively inhibit COX-2 by working as a reducing agent, despite the fact that in vitro screens demonstrate low potency on the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. In vivo data from COX-1 transgenic mice suggest that paracetamol works through inhibition of a COX-1 variant enzyme to mediate its analgesic and particularly thermoregulatory actions (antipyresis and hypothermia). A separate line of research provides evidence on potentiation of the descending inhibitory serotonergic pathway to mediate the analgesic action of paracetamol, but with no evidence of binding to serotonergic molecules. AM404 as a metabolite for paracetamol has been proposed to activate the endocannabinoid and the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) systems. The current review gives an update and in some cases challenges the different theories on the pharmacology of paracetamol and raises questions on some of the inadequately explored actions of paracetamol. List of Abbreviations: AM404, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide; CB1R, Cannabinoid receptor-1; Cmax, Maximum concentration; CNS, Central nervous system; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; ED50, 50% of maximal effective dose; FAAH, Fatty acid amidohydrolase; IC50, 50% of the maximal inhibitor concentration; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; TRPV1, Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S Ayoub
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, Medicines Research Group, University of East London, London, UK
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18
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Szczukowski Ł, Krzyżak E, Zborowska A, Zając P, Potyrak K, Peregrym K, Wiatrak B, Marciniak A, Świątek P. Design, Synthesis and Comprehensive Investigations of Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone-Based 1,3,4-Oxadiazole as New Class of Selective COX-2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9623. [PMID: 33348757 PMCID: PMC7766220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in treatment of different chronic inflammatory disorders is strongly restricted by their serious gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to search for new, safe, and efficient anti-inflammatory agents. Previously, we have reported the Mannich base-type derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone which strongly inhibit cyclooxygenase, have better affinity to COX-2 isoenzyme and exert promising anti-oxidant activity. These findings encouraged us to perform further optimization of that structure. Herein, we present the design, synthesis, molecular docking, spectroscopic, and biological studies of novel pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives bearing 4-aryl-1-(1-oxoethyl)piperazine pharmacophore 5a,b-6a,b. The new compounds were obtained via convenient, efficient, one-pot synthesis. According to in vitro evaluations, novel molecules exert no cytotoxicity and act as selective COX-2 inhibitors. These findings stay in good correlation with molecular modeling results, which additionally showed that investigated compounds take a position in the active site of COX-2 very similar to Meloxicam. Moreover, all derivatives reduce the increased level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and prevent DNA strand breaks caused by oxidative stress. Finally, performed spectroscopic and molecular docking studies demonstrated that new compound interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are moderate, formation of complexes is in one-to-one ratio, and binding site II (subdomain IIIA) is favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Adrianna Zborowska
- Student Scientific Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (K.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Patrycja Zając
- Student Scientific Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (K.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Potyrak
- Student Scientific Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (K.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Peregrym
- Student Scientific Club of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (K.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marciniak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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19
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Prasher P, Sharma M. "Azole" as privileged heterocycle for targeting the inducible cyclooxygenase enzyme. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:167-197. [PMID: 33137216 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An over-expression of COX-2 isoenzyme belonging to the Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Family triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins that instigate the development of chronic inflammation and related disorders. Hence, the rationally designed drugs for mitigating over-activity of COX-2 isoenzyme play a regulatory role toward the alleviation of the progression of these disorders. However, a selective COX-2 inhibition chemotherapy prompts several side effects that necessitate the identification of novel molecular scaffolds for deliberating state-of-the-art drug designing strategies. The heterocyclic "azole" scaffold, being polar and hydrophilic, possesses remarkable physicochemical advantages for designing physiologically active molecules capable of interacting with a wide range of biological components, including enzymes, peptides, and metabolites. The substituted derivatives of azole nuclei enable a comprehensive SAR analysis for the appraisal of bioactive profile of the deliberated molecules for obtaining the rationally designed compounds with prominent activities. The comprehensive SAR analysis readily prompted the identification of Y-shaped molecules and the eminence of bulkier group for COX-2 selective inhibition. This review presents an epigrammatic collation of the pharmacophore-profile of the chemotherapeutics based on azole motif for a selective targeting of the COX-2 isoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, Dehradun, India
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20
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Yang C, Li P, Ding X, Sui HC, Rao S, Hsu CH, Leung WP, Cheng GJ, Wang P, Zhu BT. Mechanism for the reactivation of the peroxidase activity of human cyclooxygenases: investigation using phenol as a reducing cosubstrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15187. [PMID: 32938962 PMCID: PMC7494923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for many years that the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) can be reactivated in vitro by the presence of phenol, which serves as a reducing compound, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. In the present study, we use phenol as a model compound to investigate the mechanism by which the peroxidase activity of human COXs is reactivated after each catalytic cycle. Molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations are carried out to probe the interaction of phenol with the peroxidase site of COXs and the reactivation mechanism. It is found that the oxygen atom associated with the Fe ion in the heme group (i.e., the complex of Fe ion and porphyrin) of COXs can be removed by addition of two protons. Following its removal, phenol can readily bind inside the peroxidase active sites of the COX enzymes, and directly interact with Fe in heme to facilitate electron transfer from phenol to heme. This investigation provides theoretical evidence for several intermediates formed in the COX peroxidase reactivation cycle, thereby unveiling mechanistic details that would aid in future rational design of drugs that target the peroxidase site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shun Rao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chia-Hsiang Hsu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Wing-Por Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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21
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Kaur M, Kaur B, Kaur J, Kaur A, Bhatti R, Singh P. Role of water in cyclooxygenase catalysis and design of anti-inflammatory agents targeting two sites of the enzyme. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10764. [PMID: 32612190 PMCID: PMC7329864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While designing the anti-inflammatory agents targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we first identified a water loop around the heme playing critical role in the enzyme catalysis. The results of molecular dynamic studies supported by the strong hydrogen-bonding equilibria of the participating atoms, radical stabilization energies, the pKa of the H-donor/acceptor sites and the cyclooxygenase activity of pertinent muCOX-2 ravelled the working of the water–peptide channel for coordinating the flow of H·/electron between the heme and Y385. Based on the working of H·/electron transfer channel between the 12.5 Å distant radical generation and the radical disposal sites, a series of molecules was designed and synthesized. Among this category of compounds, an appreciably potent anti-inflammatory agent exhibiting IC50 0.06 μM against COX-2 and reversing the formalin induced analgesia and carageenan induced inflammation in mice by 90% was identified. Further it was revealed that, justifying its bidentate design, the compound targets water loop (heme bound site) and the arachidonic acid binding pockets of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Jagroop Kaur
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Anudeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Palwinder Singh
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Wheel and Deal in the Mitochondrial Inner Membranes: The Tale of Cytochrome c and Cardiolipin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6813405. [PMID: 32377304 PMCID: PMC7193304 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6813405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin oxidation and degradation by different factors under severe cell stress serve as a trigger for genetically encoded cell death programs. In this context, the interplay between cardiolipin and another mitochondrial factor—cytochrome c—is a key process in the early stages of apoptosis, and it is a matter of intense research. Cytochrome c interacts with lipid membranes by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effects. Experimental conditions (including pH, lipid composition, and post-translational modifications) determine which specific amino acid residues are involved in the interaction and influence the heme iron coordination state. In fact, up to four binding sites (A, C, N, and L), driven by different interactions, have been reported. Nevertheless, key aspects of the mechanism for cardiolipin oxidation by the hemeprotein are well established. First, cytochrome c acts as a pseudoperoxidase, a process orchestrated by tyrosine residues which are crucial for peroxygenase activity and sensitivity towards oxidation caused by protein self-degradation. Second, flexibility of two weakest folding units of the hemeprotein correlates with its peroxidase activity and the stability of the iron coordination sphere. Third, the diversity of the mode of interaction parallels a broad diversity in the specific reaction pathway. Thus, current knowledge has already enabled the design of novel drugs designed to successfully inhibit cardiolipin oxidation.
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23
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, El-Barghouthi MI, Al-Awaida W, McDonald R, Fattash IA, El Soubani F, Matalka K, Wuest F. Biomolecular docking, synthesis, crystal structure, and bioassay studies of 1-[4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl]-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1H-tetrazole and 2-(4-(5-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl nitrate. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Suñer-Rubio A, Cebrián-Prats A, González-Lafont À, Lluch JM. Unraveling how the Gly526Ser mutation arrests prostaglandin formation from arachidonic acid catalyzed by cyclooxygenase-2: a combined molecular dynamics and QM/MM study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:986-997. [PMID: 35494430 PMCID: PMC9047453 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08860a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, eicosanoids that play a major role in many physiological processes. Particularly, prostaglandins are known to trigger inflammation, and COX-2, the enzyme isoform associated with this inflammatory response, catalyzes the cyclooxidation of arachidonic acid, leading to prostaglandin G2. For this reason, COX-2 has been a very important pharmacological target for several decades now. The catalytic mechanism of COX-2, a so-called all-radical mechanism, consists of six chemical steps. One of the most intriguing aspects of this mechanism is how COX-2 manages to control the regio- and stereospecificity of the products formed at each step. Mutagenesis experiments have previously been performed in an attempt to find those hot-spot residues that make such control possible. In this context, it is worth mentioning that in experiments with the Gly526Ser COX-2 mutant, prostaglandins were not detected. In this paper, we have combined molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations to analyze how the COX-2 catalytic mechanism is modified in the Gly526Ser mutant. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the COX-2 catalytic function. Gly526Ser COX-2 does not produce prostaglandins but 8,9-11,12-diepoxy derivatives of arachidonic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Suñer-Rubio
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Anna Cebrián-Prats
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB)
| | - José M. Lluch
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB)
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25
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Hajeyah AA, Griffiths WJ, Wang Y, Finch AJ, O’Donnell VB. The Biosynthesis of Enzymatically Oxidized Lipids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591819. [PMID: 33329396 PMCID: PMC7711093 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes from metabolism and cell death to inflammation and the immune response. They are broadly categorized as either polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing (free acid oxygenated PUFA "oxylipins", endocannabinoids, oxidized phospholipids) or cholesterol derivatives (oxysterols, steroid hormones, and bile acids). Their biosynthesis is accomplished by families of enzymes that include lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), cytochrome P450s (CYP), and aldo-keto reductases (AKR). In contrast, non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation and are broadly considered to be harmful. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemistry and enzymology of LOXs, COXs, CYPs, and AKRs in humans. Next, we present biosynthetic pathways for oxylipins, oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, bile acids and steroid hormones. Last, we address gaps in knowledge and suggest directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Hajeyah
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ali A. Hajeyah,
| | - William J. Griffiths
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Finch
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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26
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Cebrián-Prats A, González-Lafont À, Lluch JM. Understanding the Molecular Details of the Mechanism That Governs the Oxidation of Arachidonic Acid Catalyzed by Aspirin-Acetylated Cyclooxygenase-2. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Song H, Naowarojna N, Cheng R, Lopez J, Liu P. Non-heme iron enzyme-catalyzed complex transformations: Endoperoxidation, cyclopropanation, orthoester, oxidative C-C and C-S bond formation reactions in natural product biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 117:1-61. [PMID: 31564305 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-heme iron enzymes catalyze a wide range of chemical transformations, serving as one of the key types of tailoring enzymes in the biosynthesis of natural products. Hydroxylation reaction is the most common type of reactions catalyzed by these enzymes and hydroxylation reactions have been extensively investigated mechanistically. However, the mechanistic details for other types of transformations remain largely unknown or unexplored. In this paper, we present some of the most recently discovered transformations, including endoperoxidation, orthoester formation, cyclopropanation, oxidative C-C and C-S bond formation reactions. In addition, many of them are multi-functional enzymes, which further complicate their mechanistic investigations. In this work, we summarize their biosynthetic pathways, with special emphasis on the mechanistic details available for these newly discovered enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Klünemann T, Preuß A, Adamczack J, Rosa LF, Harnisch F, Layer G, Blankenfeldt W. Crystal Structure of Dihydro-Heme d1 Dehydrogenase NirN from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveals Amino Acid Residues Essential for Catalysis. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3246-3260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Wang HR, Sui HC, Zhu BT. Ellagic acid, a plant phenolic compound, activates cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin production. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:987-996. [PMID: 31316596 PMCID: PMC6601391 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ellagic acid (EA), a naturally-occurring phenolic compound richly contained in some of the human food sources such as Longan and Litchi, was reported to have a number of biological effects. Based on our earlier 3D-QSAR/CoMFA models for cyclooxygenase (COX) I and II, we hypothesize that EA may have the potential to modulate the catalytic activity of COX enzymes, and this hypothesis is examined in the present study. The results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments show that EA is an activator of COX enzyme-catalyzed production of prostaglandin E2, a representative prostaglandin tested. Mechanistically, EA can activate the peroxidase active site of COX enzymes by serving as a co-substrate, presumably for the reduction of protoporphorin IX with FeIV inside. The effect of EA is abrogated by the co-presence of galangin, which is known to bind to COX's peroxidase active site and thereby blocks the effect of the reducing co-substrates. In view of the known physiological functions of COX enzymes in the body, it is suggested that some of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of EA may result from an increased production of certain prostaglandins and their related derivatives in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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30
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Iwamoto A, Ikeguchi M, Matsumoto S, Hukumoto Y, Inoue M, Ozaki T, Ataka M, Tanida T, Endo K, Katano K, Hirooka Y. Tumor Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Suppresses Local Immune Responses in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2019; 92:130-3. [PMID: 16724692 DOI: 10.1177/030089160609200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background In several neoplastic diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunosuppression is correlated with disease stage, progression and outcome. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enhances tumor growth in HCCs. The present study analyzed the correlation between local immune responses and COX-2 gene expression levels in patients with primary HCCs. Methods Fresh tissues were obtained from 59 patients who underwent resection of an HCC. The COX-2 gene expression levels were quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared with the CD8+ T cell densities detected by immunohistochemistry. Results COX-2 gene expression was detected in 35 of the 59 tumors. The CD8+ T cell density in COX-2-expressing tumors (6.1 cells/high-power field (HPF), x200 magnification) was suppressed compared with that in non-COX-2-expressing tumors (13.6 cells/HPF, P = 0.009). Tumor COX-2 gene expression was associated with a poorer disease-free survival rate. Conclusions Elevation of the tumor COX-2 level is correlated with the suppression of local immune responses in HCCs, suggesting that COX-2 plays a role in early tumor recurrence in the residual liver in patients after HCC resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Iwamoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
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31
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Tyurina YY, St Croix CM, Watkins SC, Watson AM, Epperly MW, Anthonymuthu TS, Kisin ER, Vlasova II, Krysko O, Krysko DV, Kapralov AA, Dar HH, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Popova EN, Bolevich SB, Timashev PS, Kellum JA, Wenzel SE, Mallampalli RK, Greenberger JS, Bayir H, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Redox (phospho)lipidomics of signaling in inflammation and programmed cell death. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:57-81. [PMID: 31071242 PMCID: PMC6626990 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0119-004rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the known prominent role of polyunsaturated (phospho)lipids as structural blocks of biomembranes, there is an emerging understanding of another important function of these molecules as a highly diversified signaling language utilized for intra- and extracellular communications. Technological developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry facilitated the development of a new branch of metabolomics, redox lipidomics. Analysis of lipid peroxidation reactions has already identified specific enzymatic mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of several unique signals in response to inflammation and regulated cell death programs. Obtaining comprehensive information about millions of signals encoded by oxidized phospholipids, represented by thousands of interactive reactions and pleiotropic (patho)physiological effects, is a daunting task. However, there is still reasonable hope that significant discoveries, of at least some of the important contributors to the overall overwhelmingly complex network of interactions triggered by inflammation, will lead to the discovery of new small molecule regulators and therapeutic modalities. For example, suppression of the production of AA-derived pro-inflammatory mediators, HXA3 and LTB4, by an iPLA2 γ inhibitor, R-BEL, mitigated injury associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory processes in animals exposed to whole-body irradiation. Further, technological developments promise to make redox lipidomics a powerful approach in the arsenal of diagnostic and therapeutic instruments for personalized medicine of inflammatory diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Irina I Vlasova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena N Popova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Anthonymuthu T, Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, Nesterova AM, Baynard ML, Sun W, He R, Khaitovich P, Vladimirov YA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayır H, Kagan VE. "Redox lipidomics technology: Looking for a needle in a haystack". Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:93-107. [PMID: 30928338 PMCID: PMC6714565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic life is based on numerous metabolic oxidation reactions as well as biosynthesis of oxygenated signaling compounds. Among the latter are the myriads of oxygenated lipids including a well-studied group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids. During the last two decades, remarkable progress in liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry has led to significant progress in the characterization of oxygenated PUFA-containing phospholipids, thus designating the emergence of a new field of lipidomics, redox lipidomics. Although non-enzymatic free radical reactions of lipid peroxidation have been mostly associated with the aberrant metabolism typical of acute injury or chronic degenerative processes, newly accumulated evidence suggests that enzymatically catalyzed (phospho)lipid oxygenation reactions are essential mechanisms of many physiological pathways. In this review, we discuss a variety of contemporary protocols applicable for identification and quantitative characterization of different classes of peroxidized (phospho)lipids. We describe applications of different types of LCMS for analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids, particularly cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolalmines, in two important types of programmed cell death - apoptosis and ferroptosis. We discuss the role of peroxidized phosphatidylserines in phagocytotic signaling. We exemplify the participation of peroxidized neutral lipids, particularly tri-acylglycerides, in immuno-suppressive signaling in cancer. We also consider new approaches to exploring the spatial distribution of phospholipids in the context of their oxidizability by MS imaging, including the latest achievements in high resolution imaging techniques. We present innovative approaches to the interpretation of LC-MS data, including audio-representation analysis. Overall, we emphasize the role of redox lipidomics as a communication language, unprecedented in diversity and richness, through the analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasiia M Nesterova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew L Baynard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanyang Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RongRong He
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuri A Vladimirov
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Prasher P, Mudila H, Sharma M, Khati B. Developmental perspectives of the drugs targeting enzyme-instigated inflammation: a mini review. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Roscales S, Kniess T, Bechmann N, Pietzsch J. One-Pot Cascade Synthesis of Pyrazole Based Isosteres of Valdecoxib by a [3+2] Cycloaddition Sequence and Evaluation of Their Cox Inhibitory Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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35
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Chang WC, Liu P, Guo Y. Mechanistic Elucidation of Two Catalytically Versatile Iron(II)- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Enzymes: Cases Beyond Hydroxylation. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2018.1509856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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36
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Wang HR, Sui HC, Ding YY, Zhu BT. Stimulation of the Production of Prostaglandin E₂ by Ethyl Gallate, a Natural Phenolic Compound Richly Contained in Longan. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E91. [PMID: 30200641 PMCID: PMC6165217 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl gallate is a phenolic compound richly contained in Longan. In traditional Chinese medicine, Longan is widely known as a fruit with "hot" properties, with a tendency to promote inflammatory and certain other responses. The mechanism for its proinflammatory as well as health beneficial effects is poorly understood. Based on our earlier observation that certain natural phenolic compounds can serve as reducing cosubstrates for cyclooxygenases (COXs), we sought to test a hypothesis that ethyl gallate may activate the catalytic activity of the COX enzymes. Results from studies using cultured cells and animals show that ethyl gallate can activate the production of prostaglandin E₂, a representative prostaglandin tested in this study. Computational analysis indicates that ethyl gallate can activate the peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 by serving as a reducing cosubstrate. The effect of ethyl gallate is abrogated by galangin, which is known to bind to the same peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 as a competitive inhibitor. The findings of this study offer support for a novel hypothesis that the proinflammatory as well as health beneficial effects of Longan may partly attributable to the activation of COX-1 and COX-2 by ethyl gallate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
| | - Yan Yan Ding
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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37
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Ali BF, Judeh Z, El-Barghouthi MI, Al-Awaida W, Snobar Y, El Soubani F, Matalka K, Wuest F. Unexpected formation of 1-[4-chloromethylphenyl]-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]-1 H -tetrazole and 1-[4-chloromethylphenyl]-5-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-1 H -tetrazole: Crystal structure, bioassay screening and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ji JN, Chen SL. Asymmetric abstraction of two chemically-equivalent methylene hydrogens: significant enantioselectivity of endoperoxide presented by fumitremorgin B endoperoxidase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26500-26505. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique enantioselectivity for an R-chiral endoperoxy ring in verruculogen biosynthesis originates from asymmetric abstraction of two chemically-equivalent methylene hydrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Nan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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39
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Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J. Flavonolignans inhibit the arachidonic acid pathway in blood platelets. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:396. [PMID: 28797264 PMCID: PMC5553656 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase (COX) is a major pathway for blood platelets' activation, which is associated with pro-thrombotic platelet activity and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of COX activity is one of the major means of anti-platelet pharmacotherapy preventing arterial thrombosis and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events. Recent studies have presented that a silymarin (standardized extract of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)) can inhibit the COX pathway. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to determine the effects of three major flavonolignans (silybin, silychristin and silydianin) on COX pathway activity in blood platelets. METHODS We determined the effect of flavonolignans on arachidonic acid induced blood platelet aggregation, COX pathway metabolites formation, as well as COX activity in platelets. Additionally, we analysed the potential mechanism of this interaction using the bioinformatic ligand docking method. RESULTS We observed that tested compounds decrease the platelet aggregation level, both thromboxane A2 and malondialdehyde formation, as well as inhibit the COX activity. The strongest effect was observed for silychristin and silybin. In our in silico study we showed that silychristin and silybin have conformations which interact with the active COX site as competitive inhibitors, blocking the possibility of substrate binding. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from this study clearly present the potential of flavonolignans as novel antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Pournaderi PS, Yaghmaei P, Khodaei H, Noormohammadi Z, Hejazi SH. The effects of 6-Gingerol on reproductive improvement, liver functioning and Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in estradiol valerate - Induced polycystic ovary syndrome in Wistar rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:461-466. [PMID: 28093231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
6-Gingerol is the major pungent ingredient of ginger with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluate the effects of 6-gingerol on the biochemical parameters and ovarian histological improvements in estradiol valerate (EV) induced PCOS rats. Thirty six female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, received normal diet, PCOS control, received 4 mg/kg EV injection for 28 days and two experimental groups, received an EV injection for 28 days and followed by 6-gingerol (200 μg/kg and 400 μg/kg) for 14 days. The administration of EV led to increase body and ovarian weights, abnormality in serum sex steroid profile, decrease in antioxidant activity and increase in COX-2 gene expression. 6-gingerol treatments, particularly the 400 μg/kg dose, markedly attenuated these alterations. 6-gingerol showed beneficial effects in the EV induced PCOS rats via decreased expression of COX-2, restored biochemical parameters to normal and decreased of cysts in the ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Khodaei
- Department of Animal Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Golpayegan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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41
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Al-Awaida W, Matalka KZ, El-Barghouthi MI, Alsoubani F, Wuest F. Structure–activity relationship of novel series of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, bioassay screening and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4757-4762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Synthesis and crystal structure of N-[(dimethylamino)methylidene]-4-[1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-benzenesulfonamide: Molecular docking and bioassay studies as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Morel A, Miller E, Bijak M, Saluk J. The increased level of COX-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism in blood platelets from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:85-94. [PMID: 27507559 PMCID: PMC4992022 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation is increasingly postulated as a possible component of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events in MS. Arachidonic acid cascade metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key pathway of platelet activation. The aim of our study was to investigate the COX-dependent arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in blood platelets from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP MS) patients. The blood samples were obtained from 50 patients (man n = 22; female n = 28), suffering from SP MS, diagnosed according to the revised McDonald criteria. Platelet aggregation was measured in platelet-rich plasma after arachidonic acid stimulation. The level of COX activity and thromboxane B2 concentration were determined by ELISA method. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the level of malondialdehyde. The results were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. We found that blood platelets obtained from SP MS patients were more sensitive to arachidonic acid and their response measured as platelet aggregation was stronger (about 14 %) relative to control. We also observed a significantly increased activity of COX (about 40 %) and synthesis of thromboxane B2 (about 113 %). The generation of malondialdehyde as a marker of lipid peroxidation was about 10 % higher in SP MS than in control. Cyclooxygenase-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism is significantly increased in blood platelets of patients with SP MS. Future clinical studies are required to recommend the use of low-dose aspirin, and possibly other COX inhibitors in the prevention of cardiovascular risk in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Morel
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, Lodz, Poland
- Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in Lodz, Milionowa 14, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Abdel-Sayed MA, Bayomi SM, El-Sherbeny MA, Abdel-Aziz NI, ElTahir KEH, Shehatou GS, Abdel-Aziz AAM. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, COX-1/2 inhibition activities and molecular docking study of pyrazoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2032-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Huang M, Wang L, Chen J, Bai M, Zhou C, Liu S, Lin Q. Regulation of COX-2 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients post TACE surgery. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2144-54. [PMID: 26984380 PMCID: PMC4809660 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is not entirely clear whether hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and whether these events affect the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). In this report the relationship between HIF-1α and COX-2 protein expression, EMT in tumor specimens from HCC patients after TACE surgery and the clinical significance of HIF-1α and COX-2 expression were analyzed using statistical approaches. HepG2 cells treated with CoCl2 was employed as a hypoxia cell model in vitro to study hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, COX-2 expression, and EMT alteration. The results showed that HIF-1α and COX-2 protein expression increased in HCC tissues after TACE surgery. Moreover, there was positive correlation between upregulation of HIF-1α and COX-2. Elevated expression of HIF-1α increased both Snail and Vimentin protein expression, while it reduced E-cadherin protein expression. It was further verified that hypoxia enhanced protein expression of HIF-1α and COX-2 in HepG2 cells treated with CoCl2. Upregulation of HIF-1α and COX-2, together with EMT alteration resulted in increased migration and invasion of HepG2 cells under hypoxia. In conclusion, TACE surgery results in aggravated hypoxia status, leading to increased HIF-1α protein expression in HCC tissue. To adapt to hypoxic environment, HIF-1α stimulates COX-2 protein expression and promotes EMT process in hepatocellular cancer cells, which enhances HCC invasion and metastasis, and might contribute to poor prognosis in HCC patients post TACE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Churen Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
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Docking studies and the crystal structure of two tetrazole derivatives: 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-{4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl}-1H-tetrazole and 4-{5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl}benzenesulfonamide. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Yan W, Song H, Song F, Guo Y, Wu CH, Her AS, Pu Y, Wang S, Naowarojna N, Weitz A, Hendrich MP, Costello CE, Zhang L, Liu P, Zhang YJ. Endoperoxide formation by an α-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme. Nature 2015; 527:539-543. [PMID: 26524521 PMCID: PMC4804460 DOI: 10.1038/nature15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many peroxy-containing secondary metabolites have been isolated and shown to provide beneficial effects to human health. Yet, the mechanisms of most endoperoxide biosyntheses are not well understood. Although endoperoxides have been suggested as key reaction intermediates in several cases, the only well-characterized endoperoxide biosynthetic enzyme is prostaglandin H synthase, a haem-containing enzyme. Fumitremorgin B endoperoxidase (FtmOx1) from Aspergillus fumigatus is the first reported α-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme that can catalyse an endoperoxide formation reaction. To elucidate the mechanistic details for this unique chemical transformation, we report the X-ray crystal structures of FtmOx1 and the binary complexes it forms with either the co-substrate (α-ketoglutarate) or the substrate (fumitremorgin B). Uniquely, after α-ketoglutarate has bound to the mononuclear iron centre in a bidentate fashion, the remaining open site for oxygen binding and activation is shielded from the substrate or the solvent by a tyrosine residue (Y224). Upon replacing Y224 with alanine or phenylalanine, the FtmOx1 catalysis diverts from endoperoxide formation to the more commonly observed hydroxylation. Subsequent characterizations by a combination of stopped-flow optical absorption spectroscopy and freeze-quench electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy support the presence of transient radical species in FtmOx1 catalysis. Our results help to unravel the novel mechanism for this endoperoxide formation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupeng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Heng Song
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Fuhang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ampon Sae Her
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yi Pu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Lixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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48
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Yehye WA, Rahman NA, Ariffin A, Abd Hamid SB, Alhadi AA, Kadir FA, Yaeghoobi M. Understanding the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT): a review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:295-312. [PMID: 26150290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hindered phenols find a wide variety of applications across many different industry sectors. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a most commonly used antioxidant recognized as safe for use in foods containing fats, pharmaceuticals, petroleum products, rubber and oil industries. In the past two decades, there has been growing interest in finding novel antioxidants to meet the requirements of these industries. To accelerate the antioxidant discovery process, researchers have designed and synthesized a series of BHT derivatives targeting to improve its antioxidant properties to be having a wide range of antioxidant activities markedly enhanced radical scavenging ability and other physical properties. Accordingly, some structure-activity relationships and rational design strategies for antioxidants based on BHT structure have been suggested and applied in practice. We have identified 14 very sensitive parameters, which may play a major role on the antioxidant performance of BHT. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge on this topic, which is of significance in selecting and designing novel antioxidants using a well-known antioxidant BHT as a building-block molecule. Our strategy involved investigation on understanding the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of BHT, whether through hydrogen or electron transfer mechanism to enable promising anti-oxidant candidates to be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageeh A Yehye
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Block 3A, Institute of Postgraduate Studies Building, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noorsaadah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Block 3A, Institute of Postgraduate Studies Building, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abeer A Alhadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farkaad A Kadir
- Division of Human Biology, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzieh Yaeghoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Santilli F, Lapenna D, La Barba S, Davì G. Oxidative stress-related mechanisms affecting response to aspirin in diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:101-10. [PMID: 25530150 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Persistent platelet activation plays a key role in atherothrombosis in T2DM. However, current antiplatelet treatments appear less effective in T2DM patients vs nondiabetics at similar risk. A large body of evidence supports the contention that oxidative stress, which characterizes DM, may be responsible, at least in part, for less-than-expected response to aspirin, with multiple mechanisms acting at several levels. This review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms related to oxidative stress and contributing to suboptimal aspirin action or responsiveness. These include: (1) mechanisms counteracting the antiplatelet effect of aspirin, such as reduced platelet sensitivity to the antiaggregating effects of NO, due to high-glucose-mediated oxidative stress; (2) mechanisms interfering with COX acetylation especially at the platelet level, e.g., lipid hydroperoxide-dependent impaired acetylating effects of aspirin; (3) mechanisms favoring platelet priming (lipid hydroperoxides) or activation (F2-isoprostanes, acting as partial agonists of thromboxane receptor), or aldose-reductase pathway-mediated oxidative stress, leading to enhanced platelet thromboxane A2 generation or thromboxane receptor activation; (4) mechanisms favoring platelet recruitment, such as aspirin-induced platelet isoprostane formation; (5) modulation of megakaryocyte generation and thrombopoiesis by oxidative HO-1 inhibition; and (6) aspirin-iron interactions, eventually resulting in impaired pharmacological activity of aspirin, lipoperoxide burden, and enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals capable of promoting protein kinase C activation and platelet aggregation. Acknowledgment of oxidative stress as a major contributor, not only of vascular complications, but also of suboptimal response to antiplatelet agents in T2DM, may open the way to designing and testing novel antithrombotic strategies, specifically targeting oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms of less-than-expected response to aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, and Department of Medicine and Aging, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio" School of Medicine, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Domenico Lapenna
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, and Department of Medicine and Aging, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio" School of Medicine, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara La Barba
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, and Department of Medicine and Aging, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio" School of Medicine, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Davì
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, and Department of Medicine and Aging, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio" School of Medicine, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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50
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Leung CH, Lin S, Zhong HJ, Ma DL. Metal complexes as potential modulators of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Chem Sci 2015; 6:871-884. [PMID: 28660015 PMCID: PMC5472922 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03094j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the realm of inorganic medicinal chemistry has been dominated by the study of the anti-cancer properties of transition metal complexes, particularly those based on platinum or ruthenium. However, comparatively less attention has been focused on the development of metal complexes for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Metal complexes possess a number of advantages that render them as attractive alternatives to organic small molecules for the development of therapeutic agents. In this perspective, we highlight recent examples in the development of transition metal complexes as modulators of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. The studies presented here serve to highlight the potential of transition metal complexes in modulating inflammatory or immune pathways in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao , China .
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao , China .
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
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