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Shi L, Meng F, Wang S, Hu Z, Li J, Tian F, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Ge RS, Li H. Effects of phenolic compounds on 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human and rat placenta: Screening, mode of action, and docking analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106202. [PMID: 36241036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (HSD3B1) and rat type IV (HSD3B4) in placentas catalyze the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone, which plays a key role in maintaining pregnancy. Many phenolic compounds potentially inhibit HSD3B in placentas as endocrine disruptors. In this study, the effects of 16 phenolic compounds on the activity of human HSD3B1 and rat HSD3B4 were determined and the structure-activity relationship was compared. HSD3B1 in human placental microsomes and HSD3B4 in rat placental microsomes were used to measure their activities and pregnenolone and NAD+ were used as substrates. Of the 16 phenolic compounds, 4-nonylphenol, pentabromophenol, and 2-bromophenol resulted in residual human HSD3B1 activity lower than 50 % and 4-nonylphenol and pentabromophenol resulted in residual rat HSD3B4 activity lower than 50 %. 4-Nonylphenol, pentabromophenol, and 2-bromophenol were mixed inhibitors of human HSD3B1, with Ki values of 2.31, 3.58 and 4.86 µM, respectively, while 4-nonylphenol and pentabromophenol were noncompetitive inhibitors of rat HSD3B4 with Ki values of 20.86 and 141.8 µM. Molecular docking showed that 4-nonylphenol, pentabromophenol, and 2-bromophenol docked to the active sites of human HSD3B1 and rat HSD3B4, and the shift of residue S125 in human HSD3B1 to T125 in rat HSD3B4 could explain the species-dependent difference in their inhibitory potency and mode of action. This study demonstrates that 4-nonylphenol, pentabromophenol, and 2-bromophenol are mixed inhibitors of human placental HSD3B1, while 4-nonylphenol and pentabromophenol are noncompetitive inhibitors of rat HSD3B4, possibly blocking the placental steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Fangyan Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Fuhong Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Di-n-Butyl Phthalate and Its Monoester Metabolite Impairs Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis in Human Cells: Mechanistic In Vitro Studies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193029. [PMID: 36230992 PMCID: PMC9561974 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread environmental contaminant di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has been linked with reduced testosterone levels and adverse reproductive health outcomes in men. However, the underlying mechanisms of these anti-androgenic effects and the potential effects on other classes of steroid hormones remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted mechanistic studies in human adrenocortical H295R cells exposed to 1–500 µM of DBP or its metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), for 48 h. Quantification of steroid hormones in the cell medium by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that both phthalates significantly decreased testosterone, androstenedione, corticosterone, and progesterone levels, in particular after dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP stimulation of steroidogenesis. Western blot analysis of key steroidogenic proteins showed that DBP induced a dose-dependent decrease of CYP11A1 and HSD3β2 levels, while MBP only significantly decreased CYP17A1 levels, indicating that the compounds affect early steps of the steroidogenesis differently. Both DBP and MBP exposure also lead to a dose-related decrease in HSD17β3, the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, although these effects were not statistically significant. Interestingly, DBP increased the cortisol concentration, which may be due to the non-significant CYP11B1 increase in DBP-exposed cells. In contrast, MBP decreased cortisol concentration. Moreover, the analysis of superoxide generation and quantification of the protein oxidation marker nitrotyrosine demonstrated that DBP induced oxidative stress in H295R cells while MBP reduced protein nitrotyrosine levels. These findings confirm the anti-androgenic effects of DBP and MBP and reveal several differences in their toxicological mechanisms, with possible implications for future research on phthalate toxicity.
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Liang H, Gong J, Zhou K, Deng L, Chen J, Guo L, Jiang M, Lin J, Tang H, Liu X. Removal efficiencies and risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals at two wastewater treatment plants in South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112758. [PMID: 34507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important pollutant sources of the aquatic system. In this study, the removal efficiencies of eight typical EDCs at two domestic WWTPs in Dongguan City, China, are reported based on instrumental analysis and bioassay results. Bioactivities, including steroidogenesis-disrupting effects, estrogen receptor (ER)-binding activity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding activity were evaluated using the H295R, MVLN, and H4IIE cell bioassays, respectively. The potential environmental risks of these residual EDCs were also evaluated. The results of instrumental analysis showed that nonylphenol was the major chemical type present among the eight tested EDCs. Meanwhile, concentrations of estrogen compounds including estrone, 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol, 17α-ethinyl estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol were relatively low. The removal rates of all eight EDCs were relatively high. Although the chemical analysis indicated high removal efficiency, the bioassay results showed that steroidogenesis-disrupting effects as well as ER-binding and AhR-binding activities remained, with E2-equivalent values of effluent samples ranging from 0.16 to 0.9 ng·L-1, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-equivalent values ranging from 0.61 to 4.09 ng L-1. Principal component analysis combined with regression analysis suggests that the chemicals analyzed in this study were partly responsible for these ER and AhR activities. Ecological risk assessment of the residual EDCs showed that estrone was the most hazardous chemical among the eight EDCs tested, with a risk quotient of 1.44-5.50. Overall, this study suggests that, despite high apparent removal efficiencies of typical EDCs, their bioactivities and potential ecological risks cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kairu Zhou
- School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Langjing Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Lihao Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Juntong Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China.
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Hlisníková H, Petrovičová I, Kolena B, Šidlovská M, Sirotkin A. Effects and mechanisms of phthalates’ action on neurological processes and neural health: a literature review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:386-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun Z, Cao H, Liu QS, Liang Y, Fiedler H, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Jiang G. 4-Hexylphenol influences adipogenic differentiation and hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115635. [PMID: 33045592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Finding the potential environmental obesogens is crucial to explain the prevalence of obesity and the related pathologies. Increasing evidence has showed that many chemicals with endocrine disrupting effects can disturb lipid metabolism. Whether 4-hexylphenol (4-HP), a widely-used surfactant and a potential endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), is associated to influence adipogenesis and hepatic lipid accumulation remained to be elucidated. In this study, both the 3T3-L1 differentiation model and oleic acid (OA)-treated HepG2 cells were used to investigate the effects of 4-HP on lipid metabolism, and the underlying estrogen receptor (ER)-involved mechanism was explored using MVLN assay, molecular docking simulation and the antagonist test. The results based on lipid droplet staining and triglyceride accumulation assay showed that 4-HP treatment promoted the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and increased hepatic cellular OA accumulation in exposure concentration-dependent manners. The study on the elaborated transcription networks indicated that 4-HP activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as well as the subsequent adipogenic gene program in 3T3-L1 cells. This chemical also induced the increase of OA uptake and decreases of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in HepG2 cells. The agonistic activity of 4-HP in triggering ER-mediated pathway was shown to correlate with its perturbation in lipid metabolism, as evidenced by the enhanced development of mature lipid-laden adipocytes and suppression of excessive hepatic lipid accumulation upon its co-treatment with ER antagonist. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the potential health impacts of 4-HP exposure as it may relate to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiming Cao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Oskarsson A, Ohlsson Andersson Å. Suppressed Sex Hormone Biosynthesis by Alkylresorcinols: A Possible Link to Chemoprevention. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:978-87. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bejrowska A, Kudłak B, Owczarek K, Szczepańska N, Namieśnik J, Mazerska Z. New generation of analytical tests based on the assessment of enzymatic and nuclear receptor activity changes induced by environmental pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kim S, Lee S, Kim C, Liu X, Seo J, Jung H, Ji K, Hong S, Park J, Khim JS, Yoon S, Lee W, Park J, Choi K. In vitro and in vivo toxicities of sediment and surface water in an area near a major steel industry of Korea: endocrine disruption, reproduction, or survival effects combined with instrumental analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1509-1516. [PMID: 24016722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of industrial and/or municipal contaminant inputs on the aquatic environment of Pohang, Korea was investigated, with a focus on bioassay combined with instrumental analysis. Pohang is the most heavily populated city in Gyeongsangbuk-do province of Korea, with more than half a million residents, and also hosts the nation's biggest steel manufacturer and related industries. Sediment (n=15) and surface water samples (n=17) were collected from Hyeongsan River which runs across the Pohang city, in two separate events, i.e., June 2010 and February 2011. Sediment samples were first Soxhlet-extracted (raw extract) and were measured for estrogenicity using H295R cell line, and also analyzed for alkylphenols (APs), bisphenol A (BPA), PAHs, and PCBs. For sediment samples which exhibited greatest effects in the cell line, further fractionation was performed into non-polar, mid-polar, and polar portions. In surface water samples, heavy metals were also analyzed. Among 15 sediment samples, station S2 near the steel industry complex and station M3 near the municipal area showed the greatest sex hormone changes, and these changes were generally explained by the fractions which contained APs and BPA. Principal component analysis (PCA) however suggests that chemicals that were not analyzed in the present study would better explain endocrine disruption capacity of sediments. In water samples, adverse effects on hatchability and growth of Japanese medaka fish, and on Daphnia reproduction were noted following exposure to six water samples collected from stations near industrial and municipal areas. Several heavy metals and nonylphenol (NP) concentrations exceeded surface water quality guidelines, suggesting adverse effects of contamination inputs from both industrial and municipal activities. Observed estrogenicities in stations such as S2 and M3 warrant further investigations on longer term ecosystem impacts near industrial and municipal areas. The levels of major organic chemicals in sediments are quite comparable to those reported in ~10 years ago, emphasizing a need for source control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Seo
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyorin Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoon Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Knag AC, Verhaegen S, Ropstad E, Mayer I, Meier S. Effects of polar oil related hydrocarbons on steroidogenesis in vitro in H295R cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:106-115. [PMID: 23561572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oil pollution from various sources, including exploration, production and transportation, is a growing global concern. Of particular concern is the environmental impact of produced water (PW), the main waste discharge from oil and gas platforms. In this study, we have investigated the potential of polar hydrocarbon pollutants to disrupt or modulate steroidogenesis in vitro, using a human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, the H295R assay. Effects of two of the major groups of compounds found in the polar fraction of crude oil and PW; alkylphenols (C(2)- and C(3)-AP) and naphthenic acids (NAs), as well as the polar fraction of PW as a whole has been assessed. Endpoints include hormone (cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) production at the functional level and key genes for steroidogenesis (17β-HSD1, 17β-HSD4, 3β-HSD2, ACTHR, CYP11A1, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP17, CYP19, CYP21, DAX1, EPHX, HMGR, SF1, STAR) and metabolism (CYP1A) at the molecular level. All compounds induced the production of both estradiol and progesterone in exposed H295R cells, while the C(3)-AP and NAs decreased the production of testosterone. Exposure to C(2)-AP caused an up-regulation of DAX1 and EPHX, while exposure to NAs caused an up-regulation of ACTHR. All compounds caused an up-regulation of CYP1A1. The results indicated that these hydrocarbon pollutants, including PW, have the potential to disrupt the vitally important process of steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christine Knag
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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Hayashi K, Nakae A, Fukushima Y, Sakamoto K, Furuichi T, Kitahara K, Miyazaki Y, Ikenoue C, Matumoto S, Toda T. Contamination of rice by etofenprox, diethylphthalate and alkylphenols: effects on first delivery and sperm count in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:49-55. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunioki Hayashi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Ai Nakae
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Yukie Fukushima
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Kazuya Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Tsutomu Furuichi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Kana Kitahara
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Yukiko Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Chisato Ikenoue
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
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Fernandes D, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Mitochondrial metabolism of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in male sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a potential target for endocrine disruptors. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 85:258-266. [PMID: 17977610 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17P(4)) was investigated in different subcellular fractions isolated from male gonads of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L). The existence of CYP17 (C17,20-lyase activity) and CYP11B (11beta-hydroxylase) catalyzed reactions was demonstrated in the mitochondrial fraction, where 17P(4) was converted to androstenedione (AD) and further metabolized to 11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (betaAD). The synthesis of betaAD predominated in early spermatogenic testis, indicating a role of betaAD in testicular recrudescence. Additionally, the in vitro effect of model endocrine disrupting chemicals (i.e. nonylphenol (NP), p,p'-DDE, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), tributyltin (TBT) and ketoconazole (KCZ)) on the mitochondrial metabolism of 17P(4) was investigated. Among the tested compounds, 100 microM NP inhibited the activity of CYP17 (C17,20-lyase) whereas 100 microM KCZ inhibited both CYP17 and CYP11B. Both chemicals showed the potential to disrupt the reproductive cycle of fish living in polluted environments due to impairment of testicular steroid biosynthesis. These results suggest that mitochondrial metabolism of 17P(4) may constitute a new sensitive probe for the assessment of endocrine disruption in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- C.I.M.A., University of Algarve, F.C.M.A., Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Bláha L, Hilscherová K, Mazurová E, Hecker M, Jones PD, Newsted JL, Bradley PW, Gracia T, Duris Z, Horká I, Holoubek I, Giesy JP. Alteration of steroidogenesis in H295R cells by organic sediment contaminants and relationships to other endocrine disrupting effects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2006; 32:749-57. [PMID: 16650473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioassay with the human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line H295R can be used to screen for endocrine disrupting chemicals that affect the expression of genes important in steroidogenesis. This assay was employed to study the effects of organic contaminants associated with the freshwater pond sediments collected in the Ostrava-Karvina region, Czech Republic. The modulation of ten major genes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones (CYP11A, CYP11B2, CYP17, CYP19, 17betaHSD1, 17betaHSD4, CYP21, 3betaHSD2, HMGR, StAR) after exposure of H295R cells to sediment extracts was investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Crude sediment extracts, containing high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and moderate amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) significantly stimulated expression of the CYP11B2 gene (up to 10-fold induction), and suppressed expression of 3betaHSD2 and CYP21 genes. A similar pattern was observed with the extracts after treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid to remove labile chemicals (including PAHs) leaving only persistent PCBs, OCPs and potentially PCDD/Fs. Comparison of the results with other mechanistically based bioassays (arylhydrocarbon receptor, AhR, mediated responses in H4IIE-luc cells, and estrogen receptor mediated effects in MVLN cells) revealed significant endocrine disrupting potencies of organic contaminants present in the sediments (most likely antiestrogenicity). Pronounced effects were observed particularly in sediment extracts from the Pilnok Pond which harbors an unusual intersexual population of the narrow-cawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Decapoda, Crustacea). This pilot study provided the first experimental evidence of the wider application of the H295R bioassay for screening complex environmental samples, and the results support the hypothesis of chemical-induced endocrine disruption in intersexual crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Bláha
- RECETOX--Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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