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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Stevens D, Kramer AT, Coogan MA, Sayes CM. Developmental effects of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos after exposure to glyphosate and lead mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115886. [PMID: 38211515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Natural aquatic environments have a heterogeneous composition; therefore, simultaneous exposure to multiple contaminants is relevant and more realistic when assessing exposure and toxicity. This study examines the combinatorial effects of two compounds found ubiquitously in drinking water across the United States: glyphosate and lead acetate. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were used as a model for investigating developmental delays following controlled exposures. Six different environmentally relevant exposure concentrations of glyphosate, ranging from 0.001 to 10 ppm, and lead acetate, ranging from 0.5 to 4 ppm, were applied first as single exposures and then as co-exposures. The sublethal endpoints of hatching and coagulation were quantified to determine potencies. Results indicate that higher concentrations of the individual chemicals correlate with later hatching with correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.40 for glyphosate and lead acetate respectively, while the co-exposure at lower concentrations induced earlier hatching with a correlation coefficient 0.74. In addition, increased levels of coagulation and glutathione reductase activity were observed following co-exposure, as compared to the individual exposures, suggesting potential toxicological interactions. These results support the need for further work assessing the combined potencies of aquatic contaminants rather than individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinny Stevens
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alec T Kramer
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Melinda A Coogan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Islam J, Shila TT, Islam Z, Kabir E, Haque N, Khatun M, Khan S, Jubayar AM, Islam F, Nikkon F, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Clerodendrum viscosum leaves attenuate lead-induced neurotoxicity through upregulation of BDNF-Akt-Nrf2 pathway in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116024. [PMID: 36549369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum viscosum is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda in Bangladesh and its leaves are used as a remedy for various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of C. viscosum leaves against Pb-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were divided as a) control, b) lead treated (Pb) and c) C. viscosum leaves (Cle) d) Pb plus Cle groups. Pb-acetate (10 mg/kg body weight) was given to Pb and Pb + Cle groups mice, and water extract of leaves (50 mg/kg body weight) was provided as supplementation to Cle and Pb + Cle groups mice for 30 days. Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests were used for evaluating anxiety, spatial memory and learning, respectively. Status of cholinesterase, SOD, GSH enzyme activity and neurotoxicity markers such BDNF and Nrf2 levels were analyzed in the brain tissue of experimental mice. RESULTS Poorer learning, inferior spatial memory, and increased anxiety-like behavior in Pb-exposure mice were noted when compared to control mice in Morris water maze and elevated plus maze test, respectively. In addition, expression of BDNF and Nrf2, cholinesterase activity along with antioxidant activity were significantly reduced compared to control group (p < 0.01). Interestingly, C. viscosum leaves' aqueous extract supplementation in Pb-exposed mice provide a significant improved neurochemical and antioxidant properties through the augmentation of activity of cholinergic enzymes, and upregulation of BDNF and Nrf2 levels in the brain tissue compared to Pb-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that C. viscosum leaves restore the cognitive dysfunction and reduce anxiety-like behavior through upregulation of BDNF mediated Akt-Nrf2 pathway in Pb-exposure mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnim Tabassum Shila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Zohurul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Moriom Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Shuchismita Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahsanul Mahbub Jubayar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Association between lead exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2899-2911. [PMID: 35930012 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity. Observational studies reporting biomarkers of DNA damage among occupationally Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to January 2022. The markers included were micronucleus frequency (MN), chromosomal aberrations, comet assay, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine. During the execution of this review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mean differences in the biological markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and control groups were pooled using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic. The review included forty-five studies comparing markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and unexposed. The primary studies utilised buccal and/or peripheral leukocytes for evaluating the DNA damage. The pooled quantitative results revealed significantly higher DNA damage characterised by increased levels of MN and SCE frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8-OHdG) among Pb-exposed than the unexposed. However, studies included in the review exhibited high levels of heterogeneity among the studies. Chronic Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage. However, high-quality, multicentred studies are required to strengthen present observations and further understand the Pb's role in inducing DNA damage. CRD42022286810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Glinski A, Lima de Souza T, Zablocki da Luz J, Bezerra Junior AG, Camargo de Oliveira C, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Filipak Neto F. Toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles and cadmium chloride in macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7): An in vitro approach. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126854. [PMID: 34488184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are largely used in nanotechnological products, but the real risks for human and environment are still poorly understood if we consider the effects of mixtures of AgNP and environmental contaminants, such as non-essential metals. METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and toxicological interaction of AgNP (1-4 nm, 0.36 and 3.6 μg mL-1) and cadmium (Cd, 1 and 10 μM) mixtures. The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used as a model. RESULTS Effects were observed after a few hours (4 h) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and became more pronounced after 24 h-exposure. Cell death occurred by apoptosis, and loss of cell viability (24 h-exposure) was preceded by increases of ROS levels and DNA repair foci, but not of NO levels. Co-exposure potentiated some effects (decrease of cell viability and increase of ROS and NO levels), indicating toxicological interaction. CONCLUSION These effects are important findings that must be better investigated, since the interaction of Cd with AgNP from nanoproducts may impair the function of macrophages and represent a health risk for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Glinski
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tugstênio Lima de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jessica Zablocki da Luz
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Arandi Ginane Bezerra Junior
- Laboratório Fotonanobio, Departamento Acadêmico de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP 80.230-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Shilpa O, Anupama KP, Antony A, Gurushankara HP. Lead (Pb) induced Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism to Cause Neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicology 2021; 462:152959. [PMID: 34560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of lead (Pb) has caused global contamination, inevitable human exposure, and public health problems. Pb neurotoxicity has been linked to various human diseases, but its associated mechanism causing neurotoxicity is unknown. Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has been used to study the mechanism involved in Pb-caused neurotoxicity and the potential role of antioxidants in ameliorating its harmful effects. The larval feeding technique was adopted to administer different concentrations of Pb (0.2-0.8 mM) to Oregon-R (ORR), superoxide dismutase (Sod), or catalase (Cat) overexpressing, and Sod or Cat knockdown flies to analyse Pb load, oxidative stress components, DNA damage, apoptosis and vacuolation in the brain. The results revealed that Pb accumulation in the Drosophila brain induces oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), depleting antioxidant enzymes. Molecular docking studies have evidenced it. Pb directly binds to antioxidants and major grooves of DNA, leading to DNA damage. Increased DNA damage, apoptosis, vacuolation in brains of Pb-treated ORR, Sod, or Cat knockdown flies; and on the contrary, reduced oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis, and vacuolation in brains of Pb treated Sod or Cat overexpressed flies put forward that oxidative stress is the mechanism in Pb caused neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kizhakke Purayil Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
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Tran TAT, Dinh QT, Zhou F, Zhai H, Xue M, Du Z, Bañuelos GS, Liang D. Mechanisms underlying mercury detoxification in soil-plant systems after selenium application: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46852-46876. [PMID: 34254235 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Feasible countermeasures to mitigate mercury (Hg) accumulation and its deleterious effects on crops are urgently needed worldwide. Selenium (Se) fertilizer application is a cost-effective strategy to reduce Hg concentrations, promote agro-environmental sustainability and food safety, and decrease the public health risk posed by Hg-contaminated soils and its accumulation in food crops. This holistic review focuses on the processes and detoxification mechanisms of Hg in whole soil-plant systems after Se application. The reduction of Hg bioavailability in soil, the formation of inert HgSe or/and HgSe-containing proteinaceous complexes in the rhizosphere and/or roots, and the reduction of plant root uptake and translocation of Hg in plant after Se application are systemically discussed. In addition, the positive responses in plant physiological and biochemical processes to Se application under Hg stress are presented to show the possible mechanisms for protecting the plant. However, application of high levels Se showed synergistic toxic effect with Hg and inhibited plant growth. The effectiveness of Se application methods, rates, and species on Hg detoxification is compared. This review provides a good approach for plant production in Hg-contaminated areas to meet food security demands and reduce the public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Anh Thu Tran
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong, Vietnam
| | - Quang Toan Dinh
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thanh Hoa, Thanh Hoa, 400570, Vietnam
| | - Fei Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyue Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zekun Du
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, 93648-9757, USA
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Chabchoub I, Nouioui MA, Araoud M, Mabrouk M, Amira D, Ben Aribia MH, Mahmoud K, Zhioua F, Merdassi G, Hedhili A. Effects of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc levels on the male reproductive function. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14181. [PMID: 34219269 DOI: 10.1111/and.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of heavy metals on measures of male fertility. One hundred and two infertile men with occupational exposure and thirty fertile men were included in this study. Blood and urinary levels of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Semen parameters and a motile sperm organelle morphology examination were also performed. Measures of hormonal levels, oxidation-reduction potential, DNA fragmentation index and chromatin condensation were assessed for all participants. Heavy metals levels, oxidative stress and DNA quality were significantly higher in the infertile group compared to controls. FSH and testosterone levels were lower in the infertile group. A urinary cadmium level was positively associated with abnormal sperm morphology (r = .225, p < .05). Normal morphology was inversely correlated with the duration of the exposure (r = -.227, p = .022). The blood lead level was positively related to the level of testosterone (r = .223, p = .031). Cadmium and lead blood levels were positively correlated with the level of chromatin decondensation (r = .528, p < .001; r = .280, p = .017). Our study showed that occupational exposure to heavy metals is very harmful to reproductive health. DNA quality and oxidative stress investigations must be recommended for reprotoxic exposed patients prior to in vitro fertilisation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Chabchoub
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, Medical and Emergency Assistance Center, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Genetics, The Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Anouar Nouioui
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, Medical and Emergency Assistance Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Araoud
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, Medical and Emergency Assistance Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, Medical and Emergency Assistance Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Amira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, Medical and Emergency Assistance Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Ben Aribia
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Zhioua
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Abderrazek Hedhili
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, Medical and Emergency Assistance Center, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Genetics, The Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Singh P, Mitra P, Goyal T, Sharma S, Sharma P. Evaluation of DNA Damage and Expressions of DNA Repair Gene in Occupationally Lead Exposed Workers (Jodhpur, India). Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1707-1714. [PMID: 32712906 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to lead (Pb) remains a significant concern for worker's health working in different factories. There are many discrepancies among the results regarding the studies of genotoxicity of Pb. The present study aimed to evaluate DNA damage and expressions of DNA repair genes (OGG1, XRCC1, and XPD) in occupationally Pb-exposed workers of Jodhpur, India. The study consisted of 100 occupationally Pb-exposed workers and 100 controls (non-exposed) with no history of occupational exposure. Pb levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations were measured by ELISA, and expressions of DNA repair genes (OGG1, XRCC1, and XPD) were estimated by RT-PCR. The results indicated significantly higher levels of Pb in the exposed group as compared with the non-exposed group (p < 0.0001). Serum 8-OHdG concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.0083), and all three DNA repair genes were significantly downregulated (fold change: OGG1, 0.188; XRCC1, 0.125; XPD, 0.133) in the Pb-exposed group as compared with the non-exposed. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that Pb exposure is associated with increased DNA damage and reduced DNA repair capacity, which may lead to serious health issues in occupationally Pb-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Taru Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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Oya-Silva LF, Vicari T, Rodrigo Disner G, Lirola JR, Klingelfus T, Gonçalves HDLS, Leite TPB, Calado SLDM, Voigt CL, Silva de Assis HC, Cestari MM. Tissue-specific genotoxicity and antioxidant imbalance of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO 2) and inorganic lead (PbII) in a neotropical fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103551. [PMID: 33227412 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is the major recipient of wastes containing nanoparticles and other contaminants. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO2) are one of the most produced and used nanoparticle worldwide. This study investigated the toxicity of NPTiO2, as well as the toxicity interaction between NPTiO2 and lead (Pb), in response to genetic and biochemical biomarkers using freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen, as an animal model. The results showed genotoxicity in blood and kidney tissues. No effect of NPTiO2 alone or in co-exposure with Pb on liver genotoxicity were observed. Alterations in the antioxidant hepatic enzymes activities, as well as alterations in glutathione levels indicated that NPTiO2 alone or in co-exposure with Pb can cause antioxidant imbalance. The lipid peroxidation was also raised after exposure to NPTiO2. In general, the results of this study indicated that both NPTiO2 alone and their co-exposure with Pb are capable of producing significant toxic effects in short-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Fernanda Oya-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Klingelfus
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Pires Borges Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lúcia Voigt
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Želježić D, Mladinić M, Pizent A, Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Balija M, Jukić I. Biomonitoring findings for occupational lead exposure in battery and ceramic tile workers using biochemical markers, alkaline comet assay, and micronucleus test coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:339-352. [PMID: 33410779 PMCID: PMC7968510 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacture of lead-containing products has long been associated with various health risks. To get an insight into the related genotoxic risks, we conducted a biomonitoring study in 50 exposed workers and 48 matched controls using a battery of endpoints that sensitively detect the extent of genome instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of primary DNA damage were estimated with the alkaline comet assay, while cytogenetic abnormalities were determined with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. Additionally, CBMN slides of 20 exposed and 16 control participants were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), coupled with pancentromeric probes to establish the incidence of centromere-positive micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges. Blood lead levels (B-Pb) were measured with atomic absorption spectrometry. To further characterise cumulative effects of occupational exposure, we measured erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentrations and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood. We also assessed the influence of serum folate (S-folate) and vitamin B12 (S-B12) on genome stability. Compared to controls, occupationally exposed workers demonstrated significantly higher B-Pb (298.36±162.07 vs 41.58±23.02), MN frequency (18.71±11.06 vs 8.98±7.50), centromere positive MN (C+ MN) (8.15±1.8 vs 3.69±0.47), and centromere negative MN (C- MN) (14.55±1.80 vs 4.56±0.89). Exposed women had significantly higher comet tail intensity (TI) and length (TL) than control women. Furthermore, workers showed a positive correlation between age and nuclear buds and MN, between MN and years of exposure, and between S-B12 levels and TI and ALAD activity, while a negative correlation was found between TI and B-Pb. These findings suggest that occupational settings in the manufacture of lead-containing products pose significant genotoxic risks, which calls for developing more effective work safety programmes, including periodical monitoring of B-Pb and genetic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Balija
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Jukić
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Alotaibi MF, Al-Joufi F, Abou Seif HS, Alzoghaibi MA, Djouhri L, Ahmeda AF, Mahmoud AM. Umbelliferone Inhibits Spermatogenic Defects and Testicular Injury in Lead-Intoxicated Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Improving Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4003-4019. [PMID: 33061305 PMCID: PMC7532898 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s265636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxic metal that threatens human health. Umbelliferone (UMB) is a coumarin with known medicinal and protective properties against cytotoxicity. This study explored the ameliorative effect of UMB against Pb-induced testicular toxicity in rats, focusing on steroidogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received lead acetate (50 mg/kg) and UMB (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 4 weeks. RESULTS Pb-intoxicated rats exhibited testicular tissue injury and decreased serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone. The count, viability, motility and normal morphology of the sperms were decreased accompanied with downregulated steroidogenesis markers in Pb-induced group. UMB prevented testicular injury, increased serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone, upregulated steroidogenesis markers and improved the semen quality. In addition, UMB attenuated oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage, downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and Bax, boosted antioxidant defenses and Bcl-2, and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in Pb-intoxicated rats. CONCLUSION UMB prevents Pb-induced testicular injury by suppressing oxidative damage, inflammation and cell death, and boosting antioxidant defenses, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and pituitary-gonadal axis. Thus, UMB may represent a protective and cost-effective agent against Pb testicular toxicity, pending further investigations to elucidate other underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhria Al-Joufi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Howida S Abou Seif
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research Branch, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H. Milk thistle ( Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 43:240-254. [PMID: 30033764 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1485687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological and chemical agents cause dangerous effects on human health via different exposing ways. Recently, herbal medicine is considered as a biological and safe treatment for toxicities. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), belongs to the Asteraceae family, possesses different effects such as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that this plant has protective properties against toxic agents. Herein, the protective effects of S. marianum and its main component, silymarin, which is the mixture of flavonolignans including silibinin, silydianin and silychristin acts against different biological (mycotoxins, snake venoms, and bacterial toxins) and chemical (metals, fluoride, pesticides, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic agents) poisons have been summarized. This review reveals that main protective effects of milk thistle and its components are attributed to radical scavenging, anti-oxidative, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties, and regulating the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
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Shahid M, Khalid S, Bibi I, Bundschuh J, Khan Niazi N, Dumat C. A critical review of mercury speciation, bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant environment: Ecotoxicology and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134749. [PMID: 32000322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by a non-essential and non-beneficial, although potentially toxic mercury (Hg), is becoming a great threat to the living organisms at a global scale. Owing to its various uses in numerous industrial processes, high amount of Hg is released into different environmental compartments. Environmental Hg contamination can result in food chain contamination, especially due to its accumulation in edible plant parts. Consumption of Hg-rich food is a key source of Hg exposure to humans. Since Hg does not possess any identified biological role and has genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, it is critical to monitor its biogeochemical behavior in the soil-plant system and its influence in terms of possible food chain contamination and human exposure. This review traces a plausible link among Hg levels, its chemical speciation and phytoavailability in soil, accumulation in plants, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Hg inside the plant. The role of different enzymatic (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (glutathione, phytochelatins, proline and ascorbic acid) antioxidants has also been elucidated with respect to enhanced generation of reactive radicles and resulting oxidative stress. The review also outlines Hg build-up in edible plant tissues and associated health risks. The biogeochemical role of Hg in the soil-plant system and associated health risks have been described with well summarized and up-to-date data in 12 tables and 4 figures. We believe that this comprehensive review article and meta-analysis of Hg data can be greatly valuable for scientists, researchers, policymakers and graduate-level students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari-61100, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari-61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Machado A., 31058 Toulouse, cedex 9, France; Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; Association Réseau-Agriville (http://reseau-agriville.com/), France
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Balasubramanian B, Meyyazhagan A, Chinnappan AJ, Alagamuthu KK, Shanmugam S, Al-Dhabi NA, Mohammed Ghilan AK, Duraipandiyan V, Valan Arasu M. Occupational health hazards on workers exposure to lead (Pb): A genotoxicity analysis. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:527-531. [PMID: 31786007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present investigation of genotoxicity of lead (Pb) among workers exposed to inorganic Pb environment, which appears to be first of its kind in South India, was undertaken to assess the seriousness, the ill effects of health contributed by this serious environmental pollutant. METHODS A total of 144 samples comprising of exposed (n=72), and control (n=72) subjects were screened. Demographic data and their associated health levels were undertaken by means of a questionnaire. The blood samples collected were subjected to chromosomal analysis, micronuclei assessment and comet assay. RESULTS A higher level of Pb was quantified in the blood samples of all exposed subjects. An overview of the genotoxic assessment helped us understand parameters such as age do not affect or bring about any difference in the genotoxic potential of the exposed and control subjects. The only signification feature that resulted in an enhanced genotoxic potential was the years of exposure to the Pb environment that accumulated the dosage of Pb over the years. CONCLUSION The high positivity of genotoxic potential of Pb in a country like India highlights the need for labelling hazardous metals in paint containers as a means to assure strict regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India; EuroEspes Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Coruna, Spain.
| | - Ashok Jeyaram Chinnappan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthick Kumar Alagamuthu
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India; Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Kareem Mohammed Ghilan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Thirunelveli, 627002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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Aksu İ, Anlar HG, Taner G, Bacanlı M, İritaş S, Tutkun E, Basaran N. Assessment of DNA damage in welders using comet and micronucleus assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 843:40-45. [PMID: 31421737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Welding technology is widely used in pressurized containers, thermal power plants, refineries, chemical facilities and steel structures. Welders are exposed to a number of hazardous compounds such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, electromagnetic fields, toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the present study, 48 welders and an equal number of control subjects were evaluated for DNA damage in the whole blood and isolated lymphocytes using the comet assay. The genotoxic damage in buccal epithelial cells of subjects was determined by micronucleus (MN) assay. Metal(loids) such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb levels in blood samples were evaluated by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Results of this study showed that DNA damage in blood, isolated lymphocytes, and buccal epithelial cells were significantly higher in workers compared to the controls. Also, these workers had remarkably higher blood Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni and Pb levels. These results showed that occupational exposure to welding fumes may cause genotoxic damage that can lead to important health problems in the workers. More extensive epidemiological studies should be performed that enable the assessment of health risk in welding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- İldeniz Aksu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Gül Anlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bülent Ecevit University, 67600, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Gökçe Taner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Architecture and Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16190, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Merve Bacanlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Servet İritaş
- The Council of Forensic Medicine, Branch Office of Ankara, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Engin Tutkun
- Bozok Univesity, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ali HM. Mitigative role of garlic and vitamin E against cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of lead acetate and mercury chloride on WI-38 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:804-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. The cationic (calcium and lead) and enzyme conundrum. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:400-413. [PMID: 30917763 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1592728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The environmental toxicant lead (Pb) and the essential element calcium (Ca) play an interactive role in extracellular and intracellular regulatory functions that affect health. Lead's usurping calcium binding sites, as well as its interactions with thiols and phosphates have been suggested to be the basis for adverse effects on many organ systems especially the nervous system. Among regulatory processes controlled by Ca are calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, calmodulin inhibitor sensitive potassium channels, and calmodulin-independent protein kinase C (PKC) activation. This review focused on Pb studies describing the modulation of PKC, which is also regulated by steroids. Steroid hormone regulation may relate to a focal point for the sex differences of Pb and cellular signaling events. Picomolar concentrations of Pb may stimulate partially purified PKC, but higher concentrations inhibit activity. Although knowledge exists regarding Pb and PKC isoforms, especially interaction of Pb with the purified enzyme, there are conflicting reports concerning metal-mediated activation or inhibition of PKC and downstream signaling events. The effect of Pb on PKC in vivo remains elusive. Most reports of Pb and PKC in whole animal and human studies indicated that Pb either inhibits PKC or exerts no significant effect. However, most of the animal studies were performed with males. Recent studies performed with females and males separately revealed that females and males respond to Pb quite differently, and for this reason, it is suggested that future Pb studies of PKC and other biomedical investigations be performed with females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- a New York State Department of Health , Wadsworth Center , Albany , NY , USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- a New York State Department of Health , Wadsworth Center , Albany , NY , USA
- b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany School of Public Health , Rensselaer , NY , USA
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Dobrzyńska MM, Pachocki KA, Owczarska K. DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood leucocytes of Polish blood donors. Mutagenesis 2017; 33:69-76. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof A Pachocki
- Department of Radiation Hygiene, Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Owczarska
- The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Clinic of Diagnostic Oncology and Cardiooncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Protective effects of synbiotic diets of Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin against acute cadmium toxicity in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:291. [PMID: 28583137 PMCID: PMC5460540 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a heavy metal that causes oxidative stress and has toxic effects in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two probiotics along with a prebiotic in preventing the toxic effects of cadmium in rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups namely control, cadmium only, cadmium along with Lactobacillus plantarum (1 × 109 CFU/day) and inulin (5% of feedstuff) and cadmium along with Bacillus coagulans (1 × 109 spore/day) and inulin (5% of feedstuff). Cadmium treated groups received 200 μg/rat/day CdCl2 administered by gavage. During the 42-day experimental period, they were weighed weekly. For evaluation of changes in oxidative stress, the levels of some biochemicals and enzymes of serum including SOD, GPX, MDA, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, BUN and creatinine, and also SOD level of livers were measured at day 21 and 42 of treatment. The cadmium content of kidney and liver was determined by using atomic absorption mass spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's post hoc test. RESULTS Treatment of cadmium induced rats with synbiotic diets significantly improved the liver enzymes and biochemical parameters that decreased AST, ALT, total bilirubin, BUN and metal accumulation in the liver and kidney and increased body weight, serum and liver SOD values in comparison with the cadmium-treated group. No significant differences were observed with MDA and GPX values between all groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that synbiotic diets containing probiotics (L. plantarum and B. coagulans) in combination with the prebiotic (inulin) can reduce the level of cadmium in the liver and kidney, preventing their damage and recover antioxidant enzymes in acute cadmium poisoning in rat.
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Nariya A, Pathan A, Shah N, Chettiar S, Patel A, Dattani J, Chandel D, Rao M, Jhala D. Ameliorative effects of curcumin against lead induced toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes culture. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:1-8. [PMID: 28147706 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1133637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead, a heavy metal and multifaceted toxicant, is well studied for its distribution and toxicity in ecosystem, yet there is no consensus on its amelioration by any synthetic or phytochemical compounds. Curcumin, a known antioxidant and dietary element, is a well-known herb, for its therapeutic uses and having a wide spectrum of its beneficial properties against several adverse effects. Hence, the current study was taken into consideration to evaluate the ameliorative effects of curcumin (3.87 μM, i.e. 1.43 μg/ml) against lead acetate (doses: 10-6 M, i.e. 0.379 μg/ml and 10-4 M, i.e. 37.9 μg/ml, durations: 24 h and 69 h) induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures (PBLC). On one hand, antigenotoxic and antioxidative potentials of curcumin against lead were simultaneously evaluated by the array of genotoxicity and oxidative stress indices. The result postulated that lead acetate showed dose- and duration-dependent increase in both genotoxicity and oxidative stress whereas curcumin, when added along with lead acetate, showed the significant amelioration in all genotoxic and oxidative stress-related indices. The study indicated that, due to alteration in antioxidant defense system, there is an adverse genotoxic effect of lead. On the other hand, curcumin, a potent antidote, can protect chromatin material against lead -mediated genotoxicity by balancing the activity of antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Nariya
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Ambar Pathan
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Naumita Shah
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Shiva Chettiar
- b GeneXplore Diagnostics and Research Centre Pvt. Ltd , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Alpesh Patel
- b GeneXplore Diagnostics and Research Centre Pvt. Ltd , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Jignasha Dattani
- c Regional Office for Health and Family Welfare , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Divya Chandel
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Mandava Rao
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Devendrasinh Jhala
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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Jannuzzi AT, Alpertunga B. Evaluation of DNA damage and DNA repair capacity in occupationally lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1859-1865. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715590919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Occupational lead (Pb) exposure remains a significant concern for workers in Turkey. Health hazards of Pb exposure have been investigated in various test systems, but results regarding its potential genotoxic effects on exposed populations are contradictory. In this study, a control group and an exposed group were studied, each consisting of 25 male subjects. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were estimated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Genotoxic effects of Pb exposure were studied in leukocytes by comet and challenge assays. The effect of Pb exposure to DNA repair capacity was evaluated following in vitro hydrogen peroxide exposure. Pb-exposed workers had significantly higher BLLs than the control group ( p < 0.01). DNA damage in exposed workers had a significantly higher percentage of DNA in tail than the control group ( p < 0.05). In the challenge assay, it was found that the mean DNA% repair capacity was significantly decreased in Pb-exposed workers ( p < 0.01). The results indicated that occupational Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage and causes decrease in DNA% repair capacity, indicating a potential health concern for occupationally Pb-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Zhou Y, Fu XM, He DL, Zou XM, Wu CQ, Guo WZ, Feng W. Evaluation of urinary metal concentrations and sperm DNA damage in infertile men from an infertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:68-73. [PMID: 27262988 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine associations between urinary metal concentrations and sperm DNA damage. Thirteen metals [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)] were detected in urine samples of 207 infertile men from an infertility clinic using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and also, sperm DNA damage (tail length, percent DNA tail, and tail distributed moment) were assessed using neutral comet assay. We found that urinary Hg and Ni were associated with increasing trends for tail length (both p for trend<0.05), and that urinary Mn was associated with increasing trend for tail distributed moment (p for trend=0.02). These associations did persist even when considering multiple metals. Our results suggest that environmental exposure to Hg, Mn, and Ni may be associated with increased sperm DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Fu
- The 169th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xiangnan Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dong-Liang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Min Zou
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Cheng-Qiu Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei-Zhen Guo
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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25
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Villalba-Campos M, Chuaire-Noack L, Sánchez-Corredor MC, Rondón-Lagos M. High chromosomal instability in workers occupationally exposed to solvents and paint removers. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:46. [PMID: 27325915 PMCID: PMC4913430 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painters are exposed to an extensive variety of harmful substances like aromatic hydrocarbons used as solvents and paint removers, some of which have shown clastogenic activity. These substances constitute a complex mixture of chemicals which contain well-known genotoxicants, such as Benzene, Toluene and Xylene. Thus, chronic occupational exposure to such substances may be considered to possess genotoxic risk. In Colombia the information available around the genotoxic damage (Chromosomal and DNA damage) in car paint shop workers is limited and the knowledge of this damage could contribute not only to a better understanding of the carcinogenic effect of this kind of substances but also could be used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to genotoxic agents. RESULTS In this study, the genotoxic effect of aromatic hydrocarbons was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 24 workers occupationally exposed and 24 unexposed donors, by using Cytogenetic analysis and comet assay. A high frequency of Chromosomal alterations was found in the exposed group in comparison with those observed in the unexposed group. Among the total of CAs observed in the exposed group, fragilities were most frequently found (100 %), followed by chromosomal breaks (58 %), structural (41.2 %) and numerical chromosomal alterations (21 %). Numerical chromosomal alterations, fragilities and chromosomal breaks showed significant differences between exposed and unexposed groups. Among the fragilities, fra(9)(q12) was the most frequently observed. DNA damage index was also significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (p < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons is significantly associated with Chromosomal and DNA damage in car paint shops workers and are also indicative of high chromosomal instability. The high frequency of both Chromosomal Alterations and DNA Damage Index observed in this study indicates an urgent need of intervention not only to prevent the increased risk of developing cancer but also to the application of strict health control and motivation to the use of appropriate protecting devices during work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Villalba-Campos
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC Colombia
| | - Lilian Chuaire-Noack
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC Colombia
| | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC Colombia
- />Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
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26
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Waldherr M, Setayesh T, Mišík M, Wultsch G, Filipic M, Mazzaron Barcelos GR, Knasmueller S. Results of micronucleus assays with individuals who are occupationally and environmentally exposed to mercury, lead and cadmium. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:119-139. [PMID: 27894681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Millions of humans are exposed occupationally and environmentally to lead, mercury and cadmium compounds. Mercury compounds are less abundant but some of them belong to the most toxic chemicals which are known. We evaluated the literature to find out if these metals act in humans as genotoxic carcinogens and if their health effects can be predicted by use of micronucleus (MN) assays with lymphocytes and/or with other genotoxicity tests. Numerous studies showed that lead and mercury induce cancer in humans and also in animals, in vitro experiments with cultured cells indicate that they cause DNA damage via different molecular mechanisms including release of reactive oxygen species and interactions with DNA repair processes. Also in most human studies, positive results were obtained in MN tests with lymphocytes (all 15 occupational studies with lead yielded positive results, with mercury 6 out of 7 investigations were positive). For cadmium, there is clear evidence that it causes cancer in humans; however, induction of chromosomal damage was only seen in high dose experiments with mammalian cells while results of animal and human studies yielded conflicting results (only in 2 of 5MN trials with humans positive findings were reported). Possibly, non-genotoxic mechanisms such as inhibition of apoptosis and interaction with signaling pathways account for the carcinogenic properties of cadmium species. The findings of MN studies with lead and mercury are in excellent agreement with results which were obtained with other endpoints (e.g. chromosomal aberrations and comet formations) and it is evident that this approach can be used for occupational and environmental monitoring of exposed individuals. Important future tasks will be the realization of larger studies with a uniform standardized protocol, the additional evaluation of anomalies other than MN (nuclear buds and bridges) and the combination of such trials with investigations which allow to define the molecular mechanisms relevant for exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Waldherr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Metka Filipic
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Fatima M, Usmani N, Firdaus F, Zafeer MF, Ahmad S, Akhtar K, Dawar Husain SM, Ahmad MH, Anis E, Mobarak Hossain M. In vivo induction of antioxidant response and oxidative stress associated with genotoxicity and histopathological alteration in two commercial fish species due to heavy metals exposure in northern India (Kali) river. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 176-177:17-30. [PMID: 26191657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals can significantly bioaccumulate in fish tissues. The step wise mechanism of heavy metal toxicities on fish health is still limited. The present study assessed the tissue-specific antioxidant response and oxidative stress biomarkers of commercially important fish species namely, Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis inhabiting Kali River of northern India where heavy-metal load is beyond the World Health Organisation - maximum permissible limits. Heavy metals chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were elevated in both fish species compared to recommended values of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), 1999 for edible fishes. Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CATA) activities in all tissues (brachial, neural, renal and hepatic) were altered. Cellular lipid and protein compromisation in both fishes induced by heavy metals was determined by lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PC) assays. Micronucleus (MN) test of erythrocytes and comet assay of liver cells confirmed genotoxicity. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and brain of affected fishes was distorted significantly with its reference fishes thereby affecting the quality and quantity of these fish stocks. This raises a serious concern as these fishes are consumed by the local population which would ultimately affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahino Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India; Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Nazura Usmani
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India
| | - Fakiha Firdaus
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India; Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Faraz Zafeer
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shafeeque Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S M Dawar Husain
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India; Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ehraz Anis
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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28
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Carnero A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Kondoh H, Lleonart ME, Martinez-Leal JF, Mondello C, Ivana Scovassi A, Bisson WH, Amedei A, Roy R, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Vaccari M, Raju J, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Salem HK, Memeo L, Forte S, Singh N, Hamid RA, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Wise JP, Wise SS, Yasaei H. Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S19-37. [PMID: 26106138 PMCID: PMC4565607 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is thought to be a multistep process, with clonal evolution playing a central role in the process. Clonal evolution involves the repeated 'selection and succession' of rare variant cells that acquire a growth advantage over the remaining cell population through the acquisition of 'driver mutations' enabling a selective advantage in a particular micro-environment. Clonal selection is the driving force behind tumorigenesis and possesses three basic requirements: (i) effective competitive proliferation of the variant clone when compared with its neighboring cells, (ii) acquisition of an indefinite capacity for self-renewal, and (iii) establishment of sufficiently high levels of genetic and epigenetic variability to permit the emergence of rare variants. However, several questions regarding the process of clonal evolution remain. Which cellular processes initiate carcinogenesis in the first place? To what extent are environmental carcinogens responsible for the initiation of clonal evolution? What are the roles of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens in carcinogenesis? What are the underlying mechanisms responsible for chemical carcinogen-induced cellular immortality? Here, we explore the possible mechanisms of cellular immortalization, the contribution of immortalization to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms by which chemical carcinogens may contribute to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amancio Carnero
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34955923111; Fax: +34955923101;
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Experimental Therapuetics Department, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - William H. Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Hosni K. Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Roslida A. Hamid
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Sandra S. Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Health and Environment Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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29
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Kayaaltı Z, Yavuz İ, Söylemez E, Bacaksız A, Tutkun E, Sayal A, Söylemezoğlu T. Evaluation of DNA damage using 3 comet assay parameters in workers occupationally exposed to lead. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2015; 70:120-125. [PMID: 24965324 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2013.787964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood lead levels in individuals occupationally exposed to lead. To evaluate this association, 61 workers exposed to lead were monitored in terms of DNA damage in blood lymphocytes. The levels of DNA damage were measured according to 3 comet assay parameters, including tail intensity (TI), tail moment (TM), and DNA tail (DNAt). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the lead levels and TI, TM, and DNAt (p < .01). Smoking had independent effects on DNA damage. A statistically significant difference was observed between smokers and nonsmokers in regards to DNA damage parameters (p < .05). In addition, the lead and DNA damage levels in smokers were found to be significantly higher than the levels observed in nonsmoking workers (p < . 05). Our results show that exposure to lead induces genotoxic effects in peripheral lymphocytes, as measured by comet assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelıha Kayaaltı
- a Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
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30
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Hwang YJ, Lee EJ, Kim HR, Hwang KA. Molecular mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-glucoside-induced growth inhibition on human liver cancer cells: G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathways. BMB Rep 2014; 46:611-6. [PMID: 24257119 PMCID: PMC4133862 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT7G), a flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been found to increase anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as cytotoxic effects. However, the mechanism of how LUT7G induces apoptosis and regulates cell cycles remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of LUT7G on the growth inhibition of tumors, cell cycle arrest, induction of ROS generation, and the involved signaling pathway in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was decreased by LUT7G in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibition was due primarily to the G2/M phase arrest and ROS generation. Moreover, the phosphorylation of JNK was increased by LUT7G. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of LUT7G on HepG2 is associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-853, Korea
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31
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Fatima M, Usmani N, Mobarak Hossain M, Siddiqui MF, Zafeer MF, Firdaus F, Ahmad S. Assessment of genotoxic induction and deterioration of fish quality in commercial species due to heavy-metal exposure in an urban reservoir. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:203-213. [PMID: 24756201 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of heavy-metal contamination on two fish species (Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis) inhabiting a small freshwater body of northern India. After being captured, each specimen was weighed, measured, and analyzed for heavy metals (chromium [Cr], nickel [Ni], and lead [Pb]). Accumulation of heavy metals was found to be significantly greater (p < 0.05) in different tissues (gill, liver, kidney, and muscle) of fishes captured from the reservoir than from the reference site. Levels of heavy-metal contamination in Shah jamal water was Cr (1.51 mg/l) > Ni (1.22 mg/l) > Pb (0.38 mg/l), which is significantly greater than World Health Organization standards. Bioaccumulation factor was calculated, and it was observed that Pb was most detrimental heavy metal. Condition factor was also influenced. Micronucleus test of fish erythrocytes and comet assay of liver cells confirmed genotoxicity induced by heavy-metal contamination in fishes. Heavy metals (Cr, Ni, and Pb) were increased in both fish species as determined using recommended values of Federal Environmental Protection Agency for edible fishes. This raises a serious concern because these fishes are consumed by the local populations and hence would ultimately affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahino Fatima
- Aquatic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India,
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32
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Göethel G, Brucker N, M. Moro A, F. Charão M, Fracasso R, Barth A, Bubols G, Durgante J, Nascimento S, Baierle M, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC. Evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to benzene and atmospheric pollutants. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 770:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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Zhang H, Wei K, Zhang M, Liu R, Chen Y. Assessing the mechanism of DNA damage induced by lead through direct and indirect interactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 136:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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34
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Velaga MK, Yallapragada PR, Williams D, Rajanna S, Bettaiya R. Hydroalcoholic seed extract of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) alleviates lead-induced oxidative stress in different regions of rat brain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:351-63. [PMID: 24793421 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure is known to cause apoptotic neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral abnormalities in developing and adult brain by impairing cognition and memory. Coriandrum sativum is an herb belonging to Umbelliferae and is reported to have a protective effect against lead toxicity. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluate the protective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. sativum seed against lead-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar strain rats (100-120 g) were divided into four groups: control group: 1,000 mg/L of sodium acetate; exposed group: 1,000 mg/L lead acetate for 4 weeks; C. sativum treated 1 (CST1) group: 250 mg/kg body weight/day for seven consecutive days after 4 weeks of lead exposure; C. sativum treated 2 (CST2) group: 500 mg/kg body weight/day for seven consecutive days after 4 weeks of lead exposure. After the exposure and treatment periods, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the whole brain was immediately isolated and separated into four regions: cerebellum, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and brain stem along with the control group. After sacrifice, blood was immediately collected into heparinized vials and stored at 4 °C. In all the tissues, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation products (LPP), and total protein carbonyl content (TPCC) were estimated following standard protocols. An indicator enzyme for lead toxicity namely delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity was determined in the blood. A significant (p<0.05) increase in ROS, LPP, and TPCC levels was observed in exposed rat brain regions, while δ-ALAD showed a decrease indicating lead-induced oxidative stress. Treatment with the hydroalcoholic seed extract of C. sativum resulted in a tissue-specific amelioration of oxidative stress produced by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Velaga
- Division of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
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Matsumoto M, Filho HN, Ferrari R, Fernandes K, Renno AC, Ribeiro D. Genotoxicity of Endosseous Implants Using Two Cellular Lineages In Vitro. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2014; 40:25-9. [PMID: 21651414 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic potential of corrosion eluates obtained from a single dental implant using murine fibroblasts or osteoblasts cells in vitro by the single-cell gel (comet) assay was examined. A single commercially available dental implant (Biotechnology) was eluted in a solution consisting of equal amounts of acetic acid and sodium chloride (0.1 M) for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Murine fibroblast or osteoblast cultures were then exposed to all corrosion eluates obtained from endosseous dental implants for 30 minutes at 37°C. The results suggest that none of the eluates produced genotoxic changes in murine fibroblasts regardless of the length of exposure to the eluate. Similarly, no genotoxicity was found in osteoblasts. The results suggest that the dental implant eluates tested in this study did not induce genetic damage as depicted by the single-cell gel (comet) assay. Because DNA damage is an important event during oncogenesis, this study represents a relevant contribution to estimate the real risks to the cellular system induced by the corrosion products of a dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Sacred Heart, USC, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Ribeiro
- Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Sun Y, Tang S, Jin X, Zhang C, Zhao W, Xiao X. Opposite effects of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways on furazolidone-stimulated S phase cell cycle arrest of human hepatoblastoma cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:24-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tabrez S, Ahmad M. Cytochrome P450 system as potential biomarkers of certain toxicants: comparison between plant and animal models. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2977-2987. [PMID: 22773083 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In present study, we measured the activities of some selected cytochrome P450 isozymes like ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (PROD), and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMA-d) treating experimental rats with different environmental toxicants, namely trichloroethylene (TCE), heavy metal mixture, and ethyl alcohol individually or in combination and by exposing the Allium cepa bulbs to increasing concentration of TCE for 48 h. In animal system, NDMA-d activity displayed a remarkable amplification by 4.2-fold in the liver of alcohol ingested rats compared with control animals. TCE intake also resulted in a marked increase of around 3.8-fold and 1.2-fold in rats' NDMA-d activity in the liver and kidney, respectively. In onion bulbs, an amazing rise in the activity of test enzymes was recorded in a dose-dependent manner. Among the said enzymes, PROD showed maximum increase up to the extent of 22-fold in comparison with control at 20 ppm of TCE exposure, whereas NDMA-d and EROD showed 11- and 9-fold increase in enzymatic activity, respectively, compared with the control. Based on this study, we conclude and advocate that all the selected isozymes of CYP450 system, viz. PROD, NDMA-d, and EROD can act as potent biomarkers in plant system for assessing the TCE pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Rhee SY, Hwang YC, Woo JT, Sinn DH, Chin SO, Chon S, Kim YS. Blood lead is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: an analysis based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:9. [PMID: 23302150 PMCID: PMC3849944 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although an association between low-level environmental heavy metal exposure and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has been hypothesized, little research on this topic has been conducted on a population-wide level. Methods We analyzed MS status and whole blood lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese, and creatinine-adjusted urine arsenic concentrations in 1,405 subjects, ≥ 20 years of age, who were registered for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008. Results Various demographic and biochemical parameters were associated with MS and blood heavy metal status. After adjusting for these variables, lead was the only heavy metal that was significantly associated with MS. Lead concentrations in subjects with MS were significantly higher than those in subjects without MS (p = 0.015). The prevalence of MS and a moderate/high risk for cardiovascular disease, as determined by Framingham risk score, also increased significantly according to the logarithmic transformation of the lead quartile (p < 0.001). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MS were 1.56 (0.90–2.71), 1.63 (0.94–2.83), and 2.57 (1.46–4.51) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the log-transformed lead quartile, respectively, as compared with those of the lowest quartile after multiple adjustments for confounding factors. Serum triglyceride level was the only MS diagnostic component significantly associated with lead level in a multiple linear regression analysis (p = 0.006). Conclusions These findings suggest that a higher prevalence of MS is associated with higher blood lead levels in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 130-702, South Korea.
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Tian F, Zhai Q, Zhao J, Liu X, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 alleviates lead toxicity in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:264-71. [PMID: 22684513 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead causes a broad range of adverse effects in humans and animals. The objective was to evaluate the potency of lactobacilli to bind lead in vitro and the protective effects of a selected Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 against lead-induced toxicity in mice. Nine strains of bacteria were used to investigate their binding abilities of lead in vitro, and L. plantarum CCFM8661 was selected for animal experiments because of its excellent lead binding capacity. Both living and dead L. plantarum CCFM8661 were used to treat 90 male Kunming mice during or after the exposure to 1 g/L lead acetate in drinking water. The results showed oral administration of both living and dead L. plantarum CCFM8661 offered a significant protective effect against lead toxicity by recovering blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, decreasing the lead levels in blood and tissues, and preventing alterations in the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen species caused by lead exposure. Moreover, L. plantarum CCFM8661 was more effective when administered consistently during the entire lead exposure, not after the exposure. Our results suggest that L. plantarum CCFM8661 has the potency to provide a dietary strategy against lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Jorissen A, Plum LM, Rink L, Haase H. Impact of lead and mercuric ions on the interleukin-2-dependent proliferation and survival of T cells. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jasso-Pineda Y, Díaz-Barriga F, Calderón J, Yáñez L, Carrizales L, Pérez-Maldonado IN. DNA damage and decreased DNA repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals exposed to arsenic and lead in a mining site. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:141-9. [PMID: 22016027 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and the capacity for DNA repair in children exposed to arsenic and lead. During 2006, we studied a total of 85 healthy children (aged 4-11 years) who were residents of Villa de la Paz (community A), Matehuala (community B), and Soledad de Graciano Sanchez (community C) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The quantification of arsenic in urine (AsU) and lead in blood (PbB) was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The alkaline comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage and DNA repair. The highest levels of AsU and PbB in children were found in community A (44.5 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 11.4 μg/dL for lead), followed by community B (16.8 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 7.3 μg/dL for lead) and finally by children living in community C (12.8 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 5.3 μg/dL for lead). When DNA damage was assessed, children living in community A had the highest DNA damage. Analysis of these same cells 1 h after a challenge with H(2)O(2) 10 μM showed a dramatic increase in DNA damage in the cells of children living in community B and community C, but not in the cells of children living in community A. Moreover, significantly higher levels of DNA damage were observed 3 h after the challenge ended (repair period) in cells from individuals living in community A. Our results show that children exposed to metals might be more susceptible to DNA alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Jasso-Pineda
- Departamento Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Sharma V, Kansal L, Sharma A, Lodi S, Sharma S. Ameliorating Effect of Coriandrum sativum Extracts on Hematological and Immunological Variables in an Animal Model of Lead Intoxication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jpahs.2011.16.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Evaluation of genotoxic effects of lead in pottery-glaze workers using micronucleus assay, alkaline comet assay and DNA diffusion assay. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:807-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ahmed MK, Parvin E, Arif M, Islam MM, Akter MS, Khan MS. Genetic damage induced by lead chloride in different tissues of fresh water climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 182:197-204. [PMID: 21210209 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study the induction of DNA damage by lead chloride (PbCl(2)) in freshwater climbing perch Anabas testudineus using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Based on the LC(50) values of lead chloride of A. testudineus three different concentrations viz., 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L were selected to expose fish. The DNA damage was observed in the gill, kidney and liver tissue as the percentage of DNA in comet tails and comet heads in the tissue of the exposed fish. DNA damage at different concentrations showed sensitivity to particular tissue. The liver tissue exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher DNA damage, followed by kidney and gill. However, the DNA damage was found to be dose dependent; at 2 mg/L of PbCl(2) the tail and head DNA of liver tissue were 57.84% and 39.49%, in kidney tissue the values were 52.36% and 44.97% whereas in gill tissue the values were 48.86% and 48.96% respectively. The current study explored the utility of the comet assay for in vivo laboratory studies using A. testudineus species for screening the genotoxic potential of lead chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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lodi S, Sharma V, Kansal L. The protective effect of Rubia cordifolia against lead nitrate-induced immune response impairment and kidney oxidative damage. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:441-4. [PMID: 21845002 PMCID: PMC3153710 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.83118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the roots of Rubia cordifolia (RC) and to study its influence on lead nitrate-induced impairment of immune responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two adult male Swiss albino mice were used for biochemical and immunological studies and were divided into six groups of six mice each. Mice were treated with lead nitrate (40 mg/kg, orally) either alone and or in combination with RC (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) daily for 40 days. For immunological studies, all mice were challenged twice with sheep RBC with on days 14 and 20 of the experiment. The immune function was assessed using macrophage yield, viability of macrophage, phagocytic index, serum immunoglobulin level, and plaque forming cell count (PFC), whereas the oxidative stress was assessed by estimating lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). RESULTS Lead nitrate administration induced a significant (P<0.001) increase in LPO, whereas a significant (P<0.001) depletion of CAT and GSH in renal tissues. In addition, it also showed a significant (P<0.001) reduction in macrophage yield, viability of macrophage, phagocyte index, serum immunoglobulin level, and PFC in kidney. However, combination treatment with RC observed a significant (P<0.001) reversal of lead nitrate-induced toxicity on oxidative stress and immunological parameters. CONCLUSION The lead nitrate-induced immunosuppression is due to oxidative stress and RC can prevent the same by virtue of its in vivo antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta lodi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Leena Kansal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Induction of oxidative stress by low doses of lead in human hepatic cell line WRL-68. Biometals 2011; 24:951-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kasuba V, Rozgaj R, Milić M, Zeljezić D, Kopjar N, Pizent A, Kljaković-Gaspić Z. Evaluation of lead exposure in battery-manufacturing workers with focus on different biomarkers. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:321-8. [PMID: 19938001 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of exposure to lead on the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds and nucleoplasmatic bridges was investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes in 15 male battery-manufacturing workers and 15 controls matched for age and smoking habits. In addition to MN test, blood lead (B-Pb) and cadmium (B-Cd), delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum vitamin B(12) (S-Vit B(12)) and folate (S-folate) were determined in all subjects. Lead-exposed subjects had significantly higher MN frequency and B-Pb concentrations than controls. In control smokers we found a significant negative correlation between B-Pb concentration and frequency of nucleoplasmatic bridges, and nuclear division index. In control non-smokers a significant positive correlation was observed only between age and nuclear buds frequency, and between S-folate and B-Pb level. In lead exposed smokers, significant positive correlations between MN frequency and S-Vit B(12), S-folate, and nuclear buds frequency were found. A positive correlation in exposed smokers was also found between nuclear buds frequency and S-Vit B(12) concentration. A negative correlation was found between ALAD and EP, and B-Pb in exposed smokers. Exposed non-smokers showed significant negative correlation between MN frequency and B-Cd, and ALAD and EP. The results indicate a genotoxicity of lead, pointing to a micronucleus assay as a relevant test for assessing genotoxic effects resulting from occupational exposure. The other indicators did not necessarily follow the results of THE MN test. Influence of smoking should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kasuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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García-Lestón J, Méndez J, Pásaro E, Laffon B. Genotoxic effects of lead: an updated review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:623-36. [PMID: 20466424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal with unique physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for a great variety of applications. Because of its high persistence in the environment and its use since ancient times for many industrial activities, lead is a common environmental and occupational contaminant widely distributed around the world. Even though the toxic effects of lead and its compounds have been investigated for many years in a variety of systems, the data existing with regard to its mutagenic, clastogenic and carcinogenic properties are still contradictory. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified lead as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) and its inorganic compounds as probable human carcinogens (group 2A). Furthermore, although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of lead remain still unclear, there are some studies that point out indirect mechanisms of genotoxicity such as inhibition of DNA repair or production of free radicals. This article reviews the works listed in the literature that use different parameters to evaluate the genotoxic effects of lead in vitro, in vivo and in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia García-Lestón
- Department Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, A Coruña, Spain
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Khan MI, Ahmad I, Mahdi AA, Akhtar MJ, Islam N, Ashquin M, Venkatesh T. Elevated blood lead levels and cytogenetic markers in buccal epithelial cells of painters in India: genotoxicity in painters exposed to lead containing paints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:1347-1354. [PMID: 20300868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Lead, a major contaminant, is highly used in paint manufacturing due to its anticorrosive properties. Recent reports indicated high lead content among Indian paints used for commercial purposes. Painters are continuously exposed to these lead containing paints during painting of both commercial as well as residential buildings. Lead is well-known for its genotoxicty in occupational workers; however, in Indian painters the genotoxic effects of lead have not been reported to date. Therefore we aimed to study the genotoxic end points in painters due to their long-term exposure to these high lead-containing Indian paints. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study group selection was made after a questionnaire administration, which included questions about lifestyle and medical history to exclude exposure to the other potential sources of genotoxics. Blood and buccal cell samples were obtained from 30 male painters and from a similar number of age-matched controls of same location with no occupational exposure to lead. Blood lead levels (Pb-B) were measured in painters and controls. Micronucleus (MN) frequencies and nuclear changes, i.e., karyorrhexis, karyolysis, broken egg, and binucleated, were investigated in buccal epithelial cells. RESULTS Painters had significantly (P < 0.01) greater lead levels in blood than the control group. MN frequencies and nuclear changes in buccal epithelial cells were also significantly (P < 0.01) elevated in painters as compared with control subjects. Regression analysis also revealed significant (P < 0.01) association of Pb-B with all the genotoxic endpoints in painters. Cytogenetic damage was significantly associated with Pb-B as no other co-founding factors (smoking, alcohols) showed significant difference between both groups. DISCUSSION Lead is widely used in paints which may serve as potential source of exposure among painters due to their long-term engagement with paints. Our results clearly demonstrated genotoxicity among the exposed population as evident from increase micronucleus frequencies, frequent nuclear changes, and apoptosis. Many studies had previously related nuclear change events in buccal epithelial cells with the progression of different carcinomas. Furthermore in-depth investigations with larger sample size are needed to provide evidence to this effect. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report cytogenetic toxicity to the exposed population by the high lead containing paints from India for the first time. Frequent, high and unregulated use of lead in paints may cause genetic mutation and may accelerate cytogenetic damage which may further lead to different carcinomas in painters. These findings need to be considered and necessary steps should be taken to protect the occupational workers engaged with these high lead-containing paints. RECOMMENDATIONS The use of lead in paints is completely unregulated in India and routine surveillance of paints for lead content is still lacking. These paints are readily available in markets and are also used in other products (jewelry, miniblinds) which could be exported to other countries including United States and Europe. Serious consideration should be given to the inclusion of regulations and bans on the use of lead in paints. Moreover, attention should also be paid towards the use of various protective measures (face-masks, hand gloves, and separate clothes) by the workers as safe work practices during working periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Khan
- National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning in India, U.P., Department of Biochemistry, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow, India.
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Minozzo R, Deimling LI, Santos-Mello R. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome and comet assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to lead considering folate and vitamin B12 status. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 697:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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