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Yang Y, Zhong B, Zhang W, Fan W. The impact of social comparison on self-deception: An event-related potentials study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01203-x. [PMID: 39042281 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Self-deception refers to an individual holding inflated beliefs about their abilities, and it plays a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making. The present study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the neural responses to the impacts of social comparison direction and comparison gap on self-deceptive behavior. They were instructed to predict their performance in the forward-looking paradigm. Behavioral responses and neural reactions during the decision-making process were documented. The behavioral results indicated that, in contrast to the downward comparison condition, participants engaged in upward comparison exhibited more occurrences of self-deception. However, within the context of upward comparison, participants demonstrated a higher frequency of self-deception in the large gap condition compared with the small gap condition. The ERP results showed that induced self-deception under conditions with a large comparative gap between participants and their paired counterparts stimulated larger P300 and smaller N400 amplitude than under conditions with a small gap. However, when participants were in the upward comparison situation, the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude induced by self-deception behavior in the condition of a large comparison gap between participants and paired opponents was larger than that in the condition of a small comparison gap. These results indicated that individuals in the large gap group feel strong unfairness and negative emotions. More importantly, the self-deception induced by the large gap group in the upward comparison situation used fewer cognitive resources than the small gap condition, whereas the individuals in the downward comparison situation did not show the difference in cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Savalle E, Pillette L, Won K, Argelaguet F, Lécuyer A, J-M Macé M. Towards electrophysiological measurement of presence in virtual reality through auditory oddball stimuli. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046015. [PMID: 38936392 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5cc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Presence is an important aspect of user experience in virtual reality (VR). It corresponds to the illusion of being physically located in a virtual environment (VE). This feeling is usually measured through questionnaires that disrupt presence, are subjective and do not allow for real-time measurement. Electroencephalography (EEG), which measures brain activity, is increasingly used to monitor the state of users, especially while immersed in VR.Approach.In this paper, we present a way of evaluating presence, through the measure of the attention dedicated to the real environment via an EEG oddball paradigm. Using breaks in presence, this experimental protocol constitutes an ecological method for the study of presence, as different levels of presence are experienced in an identical VE.Main results.Through analysing the EEG data of 18 participants, a significant increase in the neurophysiological reaction to the oddball, i.e. the P300 amplitude, was found in low presence condition compared to high presence condition. This amplitude was significantly correlated with the self-reported measure of presence. Using Riemannian geometry to perform single-trial classification, we present a classification algorithm with 79% accuracy in detecting between two presence conditions.Significance.Taken together our results promote the use of EEG and oddball stimuli to monitor presence offline or in real-time without interrupting the user in the VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Savalle
- Univ. Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Léa Pillette
- Univ. Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Kyungho Won
- Inria, Univ. Rennes, IRISA, CNRS, F35000 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Marc J-M Macé
- Univ. Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, F35000 Rennes, France
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Tomescu MI, Papasteri C, Sofonea A, Berceanu AI, Carcea I. Personality Moderates Intra-Individual Variability in EEG Microstates and Spontaneous Thoughts. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:524-535. [PMID: 38038786 PMCID: PMC11199214 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Variability in brain activity that persists after accounting for overt behavioral and physiological states is often considered noise and controlled as a covariate in research. However, studying intra-individual variability in brain function can provide valuable insights into the dynamic nature of the brain. To explore this, we conducted a study on 43 participants analyzing the EEG microstate dynamics and self-reported spontaneous mental activity during five-minute resting-state recordings on two separate days with a twenty days average delay between recordings. Our results showed that the associations between EEG microstates and spontaneous cognition significantly changed from one day to another. Moreover, microstate changes were associated with changes in spontaneous cognition. Specifically, inter-day changes in Verbal thoughts about Others and future Planning were positively related to bottom-up sensory network-related microstate changes and negatively associated with top-down, attention, and salience network-related microstates. In addition, we find that personality traits are related to inter-day changes in microstates and spontaneous thoughts. Specifically, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience moderated the relationship between inter-day changes in EEG microstates and spontaneous thoughts. Our study provides valuable information on the dynamic changes in the EEG microstate-spontaneous cognition organization, which could be essential for developing interventions and treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miralena I Tomescu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University "Stefan cel Mare" of Suceava, Suceava, Romania.
- Departement of Research and Development, CINETic Center, National University of Theatre and Film "I.L. Caragiale", Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Claudiu Papasteri
- Departement of Research and Development, CINETic Center, National University of Theatre and Film "I.L. Caragiale", Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sofonea
- Departement of Research and Development, CINETic Center, National University of Theatre and Film "I.L. Caragiale", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru I Berceanu
- Departement of Research and Development, CINETic Center, National University of Theatre and Film "I.L. Caragiale", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Carcea
- Departement of Research and Development, CINETic Center, National University of Theatre and Film "I.L. Caragiale", Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers Brain Health Institute, New Jersey, NJ, USA
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Bae GY, Chen KW. EEG decoding reveals task-dependent recoding of sensory information in working memory. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120710. [PMID: 38942100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) supports future behavior by retaining perceptual information obtained in the recent past. The present study tested the hypothesis that WM recodes sensory information in a format that better supports behavioral goals. We recorded EEG while participants performed color delayed-estimation tasks where the colorwheel for the response was either randomly rotated or held fixed across trials. Accordingly, observers had to remember the exact colors in the Rotation condition, whereas they could prepare for a response based on the fixed mapping between the colors and their corresponding locations on the colorwheel in the No-Rotation condition. Results showed that the color reports were faster and more precise in the No-Rotation condition even when exactly the same set of colors were tested in both conditions. To investigate how the color information was maintained in the brain, we decoded the color using a multivariate EEG classification method. The decoding was limited to the stimulus encoding period in the Rotation condition, whereas it continued to be significant during the maintenance period in the No-Rotation condition, indicating that the color information was actively maintained in the condition. Follow-up analyses suggested that the prolonged decoding was not merely driven by the covert shift of attention but rather by the recoding of sensory information into an action-oriented response format. Together, these results provide converging evidence that WM flexibly recodes sensory information depending on the specific task context to optimize subsequent behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Yeul Bae
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
| | - Kuo-Wei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
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Zhang G, Carrasco CD, Winsler K, Bahle B, Cong F, Luck SJ. Assessing the effectiveness of spatial PCA on SVM-based decoding of EEG data. Neuroimage 2024; 293:120625. [PMID: 38704056 PMCID: PMC11098681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely employed for dimensionality reduction prior to multivariate pattern classification (decoding) in EEG research. The goal of the present study was to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of PCA on decoding accuracy (using support vector machines) across a broad range of experimental paradigms. We evaluated several different PCA variations, including group-based and subject-based component decomposition and the application of Varimax rotation or no rotation. We also varied the numbers of PCs that were retained for the decoding analysis. We evaluated the resulting decoding accuracy for seven common event-related potential components (N170, mismatch negativity, N2pc, P3b, N400, lateralized readiness potential, and error-related negativity). We also examined more challenging decoding tasks, including decoding of face identity, facial expression, stimulus location, and stimulus orientation. The datasets also varied in the number and density of electrode sites. Our findings indicated that none of the PCA approaches consistently improved decoding performance related to no PCA, and the application of PCA frequently reduced decoding performance. Researchers should therefore be cautious about using PCA prior to decoding EEG data from similar experimental paradigms, populations, and recording setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116029, China; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
| | - Carlos D Carrasco
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Kurt Winsler
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Brett Bahle
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Fengyu Cong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China; Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, 40014, Finland; Key Laboratory of Social Computing and Cognitive Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
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Weglage A, Layer N, Meister H, Müller V, Lang-Roth R, Walger M, Sandmann P. Changes in visually and auditory attended audiovisual speech processing in cochlear implant users: A longitudinal ERP study. Hear Res 2024; 447:109023. [PMID: 38733710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Limited auditory input, whether caused by hearing loss or by electrical stimulation through a cochlear implant (CI), can be compensated by the remaining senses. Specifically for CI users, previous studies reported not only improved visual skills, but also altered cortical processing of unisensory visual and auditory stimuli. However, in multisensory scenarios, it is still unclear how auditory deprivation (before implantation) and electrical hearing experience (after implantation) affect cortical audiovisual speech processing. Here, we present a prospective longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) study which systematically examined the deprivation- and CI-induced alterations of cortical processing of audiovisual words by comparing event-related potentials (ERPs) in postlingually deafened CI users before and after implantation (five weeks and six months of CI use). A group of matched normal-hearing (NH) listeners served as controls. The participants performed a word-identification task with congruent and incongruent audiovisual words, focusing their attention on either the visual (lip movement) or the auditory speech signal. This allowed us to study the (top-down) attention effect on the (bottom-up) sensory cortical processing of audiovisual speech. When compared to the NH listeners, the CI candidates (before implantation) and the CI users (after implantation) exhibited enhanced lipreading abilities and an altered cortical response at the N1 latency range (90-150 ms) that was characterized by a decreased theta oscillation power (4-8 Hz) and a smaller amplitude in the auditory cortex. After implantation, however, the auditory-cortex response gradually increased and developed a stronger intra-modal connectivity. Nevertheless, task efficiency and activation in the visual cortex was significantly modulated in both groups by focusing attention on the visual as compared to the auditory speech signal, with the NH listeners additionally showing an attention-dependent decrease in beta oscillation power (13-30 Hz). In sum, these results suggest remarkable deprivation effects on audiovisual speech processing in the auditory cortex, which partially reverse after implantation. Although even experienced CI users still show distinct audiovisual speech processing compared to NH listeners, pronounced effects of (top-down) direction of attention on (bottom-up) audiovisual processing can be observed in both groups. However, NH listeners but not CI users appear to show enhanced allocation of cognitive resources in visually as compared to auditory attended audiovisual speech conditions, which supports our behavioural observations of poorer lipreading abilities and reduced visual influence on audition in NH listeners as compared to CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weglage
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany.
| | - Natalie Layer
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Hartmut Meister
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany; Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Müller
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Ruth Lang-Roth
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Martin Walger
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany; Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascale Sandmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science University of Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", University of Oldenburg, Germany
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Vera JD, Freichel R, Michelini G, Loo SK, Lenartowicz A. A Network Approach to Understanding the Role of Executive Functioning and Alpha Oscillations in Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024:10870547241253999. [PMID: 38798087 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241253999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Impairments in executive functioning (EF) are central to models of ADHD, while alpha-band spectral power event-related decreases (ERD) have emerged as a putative electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of EF in ADHD. Little is known about the roles of EF and alpha ERD and their interactions with symptoms of ADHD. METHOD We estimated network models of ADHD symptoms and integrated alpha ERD measures into the symptom network. RESULTS EF emerges as a bridge network node connecting alpha ERD and the hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention symptoms. We found that EF most closely relates to a subset of symptoms, namely the motoric symptoms, "seat" (difficulty staying seated), and "runs" (running or climbing excessively). CONCLUSIONS EF functions as a bridge node connecting alpha ERD and the ADHD symptom network. Motoric-type symptoms and EF deficits may constitute important nodes in the interplay between behavior/symptoms, cognition, and neurophysiological markers of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Nazare K, Tomescu MI. Valence-specific EEG microstate modulations during self-generated affective states. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1300416. [PMID: 38855303 PMCID: PMC11160840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to explore the temporal dynamics of brain networks involved in self-generated affective states, specifically focusing on modulating these states in both positive and negative valences. The overarching goal is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the neurodynamic patterns associated with affective regulation, potentially informing the development of biomarkers for therapeutic interventions in mood and anxiety disorders. Methods Utilizing EEG microstate analysis during self-generated affective states, we investigated the temporal dynamics of five distinct microstates across different conditions, including baseline resting state and self-generated states of positive valence (e.g., awe, contentment) and negative valence (e.g., anger, fear). Results The study revealed noteworthy modulations in microstate dynamics during affective states. Additionally, valence-specific mechanisms of spontaneous affective regulation were identified. Negative valence affective states were characterized by the heightened presence of attention-associated microstates and reduced occurrence of salience-related microstates during negative valence states. In contrast, positive valence affective states manifested a prevalence of microstates related to visual/autobiographical memory and a reduced presence of auditory/language-associated microstates compared to both baseline and negative valence states. Discussion This study contributes to the field by employing EEG microstate analysis to discern the temporal dynamics of brain networks involved in self-generated affective states. Insights from this research carry significant implications for understanding neurodynamic patterns in affective regulation. The identification of valence-specific modulations and mechanisms has potential applications in developing biomarkers for mood and anxiety disorders, offering novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Nazare
- CINETic Center, Department of Research and Development, National University of Theatre and Film “I.L. Caragiale”, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miralena I. Tomescu
- CINETic Center, Department of Research and Development, National University of Theatre and Film “I.L. Caragiale”, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University “Stefan cel Mare” of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
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Wang J, Wang J, Hu J, Tong S, Hong X, Sun J. Willed Attentional Selection of Visual Features: An EEG Study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1586-1595. [PMID: 38557619 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3383669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Visual selective attention studies generally tend to apply cuing paradigms to instructively direct observers' attention to certain locations, features or objects. However, in real situations, attention in humans often flows spontaneously without any specific instructions. Recently, a concept named "willed attention" was raised in visuospatial attention, in which participants are free to make volitional attention decisions. Several ERP components during willed attention were found, along with a perspective that ongoing alpha activity may bias the subsequent attentional choice. However, it remains unclear whether similar neural mechanisms exist in feature- or object-based willed attention. Here, we included choice cues and instruct cues in a feature-based selective attention paradigm, allowing participants to freely choose or to be instructed to attend a color for the subsequent target detection task. Pre-cue ongoing alpha oscillations, cue-evoked potentials and target-related steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) were simultaneously measured as markers of attentional processing. As expected, SSVEP responses were similarly modulated by attention between choice and instruct cue trials. Similar to the case of spatial attention, a willed-attention component (Willed Attention Component, WAC) was isolated during the cue-related choice period by comparing choice and instruct cues. However, pre-cue ongoing alpha oscillations did not predict the color choice (yellow vs blue), as indicated by the chance level decoding accuracy (50%). Overall, our results revealed both similarities and differences between spatial and feature-based willed attention, and thus extended the understanding toward the neural mechanisms of volitional attention.
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Akuthota S, K R, Ravichander J. Artifact removal and motor imagery classification in EEG using advanced algorithms and modified DNN. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27198. [PMID: 38560190 PMCID: PMC10980936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an advanced approach for EEG artifact removal and motor imagery classification using a combination of Four Class Iterative Filtering and Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern Algorithm with a Modified Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier. The research aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of BCI systems by addressing the challenges posed by EEG artifacts and complex motor imagery tasks. The methodology begins by introducing FCIF, a novel technique for ocular artifact removal, utilizing iterative filtering and filter banks. FCIF's mathematical formulation allows for effective artifact mitigation, thereby improving the quality of EEG data. In tandem, the FC-FBCSP algorithm is introduced, extending the Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern approach to handle four-class motor imagery classification. The Modified DNN classifier enhances the discriminatory power of the FC-FBCSP features, optimizing the classification process. The paper showcases a comprehensive experimental setup, featuring the utilization of BCI Competition IV Dataset 2a & 2b. Detailed preprocessing steps, including filtering and feature extraction, are presented with mathematical rigor. Results demonstrate the remarkable artifact removal capabilities of FCIF and the classification prowess of FC-FBCSP combined with the Modified DNN classifier. Comparative analysis highlights the superiority of the proposed approach over baseline methods and the method achieves the mean accuracy of 98.575%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Akuthota
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal-506371, Telangana, India
| | - RajKumar K
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal-506371, Telangana, India
| | - Janapati Ravichander
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal-506371, Telangana, India
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McGill MB, Kieffaber PD. Event-related theta and gamma band oscillatory dynamics during visuo-spatial sequence memory in younger and older adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297995. [PMID: 38564573 PMCID: PMC10986947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) for sequences is thought to be crucial for daily behaviors. Decades of research indicate that oscillations in the gamma and theta bands play important functional roles in the support of visuo-spatial working memory, but the vast majority of that research emphasizes measures of neural activity during memory retention. The primary aims of the present study were (1) to determine whether oscillatory dynamics in the Theta and Gamma ranges would reflect item-level sequence encoding during a computerized spatial span task, (2) to determine whether item-level sequence recall is also related to these neural oscillations, and (3) to determine the nature of potential changes to these processes in healthy cognitive aging. Results indicate that VSWM sequence encoding is related to later (∼700 ms) gamma band oscillatory dynamics and may be preserved in healthy older adults; high gamma power over midline frontal and posterior sites increased monotonically as items were added to the spatial sequence in both age groups. Item-level oscillatory dynamics during the recall of VSWM sequences were related only to theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC), which increased monotonically with serial position in both age groups. Results suggest that, despite a general decrease in frontal theta power during VSWM sequence recall in older adults, gamma band dynamics during encoding and theta-gamma PAC during retrieval play unique roles in VSWM and that the processes they reflect may be spared in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenna B. McGill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Kieffaber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Ko YH, Zhou A, Niessen E, Stahl J, Weiss PH, Hester R, Bode S, Feuerriegel D. Neural correlates of confidence during decision formation in a perceptual judgment task. Cortex 2024; 173:248-262. [PMID: 38432176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
When we make a decision, we also estimate the probability that our choice is correct or accurate. This probability estimate is termed our degree of decision confidence. Recent work has reported event-related potential (ERP) correlates of confidence both during decision formation (the centro-parietal positivity component; CPP) and after a decision has been made (the error positivity component; Pe). However, there are several measurement confounds that complicate the interpretation of these findings. More recent studies that overcome these issues have so far produced conflicting results. To better characterise the ERP correlates of confidence we presented participants with a comparative brightness judgment task while recording electroencephalography. Participants judged which of two flickering squares (varying in luminance over time) was brighter on average. Participants then gave confidence ratings ranging from "surely incorrect" to "surely correct". To elicit a range of confidence ratings we manipulated both the mean luminance difference between the brighter and darker squares (relative evidence) and the overall luminance of both squares (absolute evidence). We found larger CPP amplitudes in trials with higher confidence ratings. This association was not simply a by-product of differences in relative evidence (which covaries with confidence) across trials. We did not identify postdecisional ERP correlates of confidence, except when they were artificially produced by pre-response ERP baselines. These results provide further evidence for neural correlates of processes that inform confidence judgments during decision formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Hong Ko
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Andong Zhou
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eva Niessen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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13
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Dien J. Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure part one: Algorithm and example. Biol Psychol 2024; 188:108775. [PMID: 38499226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure is presented for electroencephalographic (EEG) data, as made freely available in the open-source EP Toolkit (Dien, 2010). First the major EEG artifact correction methods (regression, spatial filters, principal components analysis, and independent components analysis) are reviewed. Contrary to the dominant approach of picking one method that is thought to be most effective, this review concludes that none are globally superior, but rather each has strengths and weaknesses. Then each of the major artifact types are reviewed (Blink, Corneo-Retinal Dipole, Saccadic Spike Potential, and Movement). For each one, it is proposed that one of the major correction methods is best matched to address it, resulting in the MAAC procedure. The MAAC itself is then presented, as implemented in the EP Toolkit, in order to provide a sense of the user experience. The primary goal of this present paper is to make the conceptual argument for the MAAC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dien
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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14
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Mössing WA, Schroeder SCY, Biel AL, Busch NA. Contralateral delay activity and alpha lateralization reflect retinotopic and screen-centered reference frames in visual memory. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102576. [PMID: 38309459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The visual system represents objects in a lateralized manner, with contralateral cortical hemispheres responsible for left and right visual hemifields. This organization extends to visual short-term memory (VSTM), as evidenced by electrophysiological indices of VSTM maintenance: contralateral delay activity (CDA) and alpha-band lateralization. However, it remains unclear if VSTM represents object locations in gaze-centered (retinotopic) or screen-centered (spatiotopic) coordinates, especially after eye movements. In two experiments, participants encoded the colors of target objects and made a lateral saccade during the maintenance interval, thereby shifting the object's location on the retina. A non-lateralized probe stimulus was then presented at the new fixation for a change detection task. The CDA maintained lateralization towards the target's original retinotopic location, unaffected by subsequent saccades, and did not invert polarity even when a saccade brought that location into the opposite hemifield. We also found conventional alpha lateralization towards the target's location before a saccade. After a saccade, however, alpha was lateralized towards the screen center regardless of the target's original location, even in a control condition without any memory requirements. This suggests that post-saccadic alpha-band lateralization reflects attentional processes unrelated to memory, while pre- and post-saccade CDA reflect VSTM maintenance in a retinotopic reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanja A Mössing
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Svea C Y Schroeder
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Biel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Niko A Busch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany.
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15
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Dimulescu C, Donle L, Cakan C, Goerttler T, Khakimova L, Ladenbauer J, Flöel A, Obermayer K. Improving the detection of sleep slow oscillations in electroencephalographic data. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1338886. [PMID: 38375447 PMCID: PMC10875054 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1338886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Study objectives We aimed to build a tool which facilitates manual labeling of sleep slow oscillations (SOs) and evaluate the performance of traditional sleep SO detection algorithms on such a manually labeled data set. We sought to develop improved methods for SO detection. Method SOs in polysomnographic recordings acquired during nap time from ten older adults were manually labeled using a custom built graphical user interface tool. Three automatic SO detection algorithms previously used in the literature were evaluated on this data set. Additional machine learning and deep learning algorithms were trained on the manually labeled data set. Results Our custom built tool significantly decreased the time needed for manual labeling, allowing us to manually inspect 96,277 potential SO events. The three automatic SO detection algorithms showed relatively low accuracy (max. 61.08%), but results were qualitatively similar, with SO density and amplitude increasing with sleep depth. The machine learning and deep learning algorithms showed higher accuracy (best: 99.20%) while maintaining a low prediction time. Conclusions Accurate detection of SO events is important for investigating their role in memory consolidation. In this context, our tool and proposed methods can provide significant help in identifying these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Dimulescu
- Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonhard Donle
- Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caglar Cakan
- Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Goerttler
- Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilia Khakimova
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Ladenbauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Weigl M, Pietsch J, Kapsali E, Shao Q, Zheng Z, Li J, Kray J, Mecklinger A. ORCA: A picture database of object-scene arrangements for cross-cultural and aging research. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:513-528. [PMID: 36703003 PMCID: PMC9879563 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cross-cultural research on the modulation of basic cognitive processes by culture has intensified - also from an aging perspective. Despite this increased research interest, only a few cross-culturally normed non-verbal stimulus sets are available to support cross-cultural cognitive research in younger and older adults. Here we present the ORCA (Official Rating of Complex Arrangements) picture database, which includes a total of 720 object-scene compositions sorted into 180 quadruples (e.g., two different helmets placed in two different deserts). Each quadruple contains visually and semantically matched pairs of objects and pairs of scenes with varying degrees of semantic fit between objects and scenes. A total of 95 younger and older German and Chinese adults rated every object-scene pair on object familiarity and semantic fit between object and scene. While the ratings were significantly correlated between cultures and age groups, small but significant culture and age differences emerged. Object familiarity was higher for older adults than younger adults and for German participants than for Chinese participants. Semantic fit was rated lower by German older adults and Chinese younger adults as compared to German younger adults and Chinese older adults. Due to the large number of stimuli, our database is particularly well suited for cognitive and neuroscientific research on cross-cultural and age-related differences in perception, attention, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weigl
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jan Pietsch
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Efsevia Kapsali
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qi Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jutta Kray
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Axel Mecklinger
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Zhang W, Kappenman ES. Maximizing signal-to-noise ratio and statistical power in ERP measurement: Single sites versus multi-site average clusters. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14440. [PMID: 37973199 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
One important decision in every event-related potential (ERP) experiment is which electrode site(s) to use in quantifying the ERP component of interest. A common approach is to measure the ERP from a single electrode site, typically the site where the ERP component is largest. Alternatively, two or more electrode sites in a given spatial region are averaged together, and the ERP is measured from the resulting multi-site cluster. The goal of the present study was to systematically compare these two measurement approaches across a range of outcome measures and ERP components to determine whether measuring from a single electrode site or an average of multiple sites yields consistently better results. We examined seven common ERP components from the open-source ERP CORE dataset that span a range of neurocognitive processes: N170, mismatch negativity (MMN), N2pc, N400, P3, lateralized readiness potential (LRP), and error-related negativity (ERN). For each component, we compared ERP amplitude, noise level, signal-to-noise ratio, and effect size at two single electrode sites and four multi-site clusters. We also used a Monte Carlo approach to simulate within-participant and between-groups experiments with known effect magnitudes to compare statistical power at single sites and multi-site clusters. Overall, measuring from a multi-site cluster produced results that were as good as or better than measuring from a single electrode site across analyses and components, indicating that the cluster-based measurement approach may be beneficial in quantifying ERPs from a range of neurocognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Zhang
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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18
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Fang F, Teixeira AL, Li R, Zou L, Zhang Y. The control patterns of affective processing and cognitive reappraisal: insights from brain controllability analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad500. [PMID: 38216523 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceiving and modulating emotions is vital for cognitive function and is often impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions. Current tools for evaluating emotional dysregulation suffer from subjectivity and lack of precision, especially when it comes to understanding emotion from a regulatory or control-based perspective. To address these limitations, this study leverages an advanced methodology known as functional brain controllability analysis. We simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 17 healthy subjects engaged in emotion processing and regulation tasks. We then employed a novel EEG/fMRI integration technique to reconstruct cortical activity in a high spatiotemporal resolution manner. Subsequently, we conducted functional brain controllability analysis to explore the neural network control patterns underlying different emotion conditions. Our findings demonstrated that the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex exhibited increased controllability during the processing and regulation of negative emotions compared to processing of neutral emotion. Besides, the anterior cingulate cortex was notably more active in managing negative emotion than in either controlling neutral emotion or regulating negative emotion. Finally, the posterior parietal cortex emerged as a central network controller for the regulation of negative emotion. This study offers valuable insights into the cortical control mechanisms that support emotion perception and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rihui Li
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ling Zou
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Häger LA, Høyland AL, Kropotov JD, Åsberg Johnels J, Weidle B, Hollup S, Gillberg C, Billstedt E, Ogrim G. Is Visual Prediction Impaired in Adolescents with Autism spectrum Disorder? Event-Related Potentials in a Cued Visual GO/NOGO Task. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024:15500594241227974. [PMID: 38298006 DOI: 10.1177/15500594241227974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Deviant visual processing has been observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), manifesting as decreased P1 and P2 components of visual event-related potentials (ERPs). Alterations have been attributed to a failure of Bayesian inference, characterized by hypo-activation of top-down predictive abilities. To test this hypothesis, we measured the visual negativity (vN) as an ERP index of visual preparation hypothesized to mirror predictive brain activity. Method: ERPs in a cued visual GO/NOGO task in 63 adolescents with ASD (IQ > 70, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder excluded) were compared with ERPs in a sex- and age-matched group of 60 typically developing (TD) controls. Results: The behavioral variables (omissions, commissions, reaction time, and reaction time variability), as well as ERP components reflecting, among other processes, cognitive control (contingent negative variation, P3 GO, P3 NOGO, N2 NOGO) did not differ between the groups. There were group differences in visually based ERPs. Besides P1 and P2 differences, the vN component differentiated the 2 groups with the highest effect size (d = 0.74).Conclusion: This ERP study lends support to the hypothesis suggesting that a Bayesian hypo-prediction could underlie unique perceptual experiences in individuals with ASD. This could lead to a predisposition to perceive the world with reduced influence and modulation from contextual cues, prior experiences, and pre-existing expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Häger
- Neuropsychiatric Team, Åsebråten Clinic, Østfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne L Høyland
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Juri D Kropotov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neuropsychology, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland
| | - Jakob Åsberg Johnels
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benhard Weidle
- St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Central Norway
| | - Stig Hollup
- Institute of Psychology, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Billstedt
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geir Ogrim
- Neuropsychiatric Team, Åsebråten Clinic, Østfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Psychology, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Yang S, Dong H, Albitos PJ, Wang Y, Fang Y, Cao L, Wang J, Sun L, Zhang H. Low-frequency variability in theta activity modulates the attention-fluctuation across task and resting states. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108757. [PMID: 38103680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Sustained attention is not constant but fluctuates influencing our task performance. Albeit intensive investigations, it remains unclear whether the attention-fluctuation during tasks is derived from its spontaneous fluctuation in the resting state. Here, we addressed this issue by investigating the attention-fluctuation in both task and resting states, through the EEG measurement of theta-variability. We found significant rest-task modulation of theta-variability, i.e., reduced theta-variability in the task state compared to the resting state. This task and rest modulation was manifested in the low-frequency of theta-variability (<0.1 Hz). Furthermore, the low-frequency theta-variability exhibited a significant rest-task correlation, however, only the low-frequency theta-variability in the task state but not in the resting state was correlated with the behavioral performance. These findings shed light on the low-frequency feature of attention-fluctuation, and advanced our understanding of sustained attention by suggesting that the theta-variability in low-frequencies was relevant to attention level in task state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Yang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huimei Dong
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Princess Jane Albitos
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yantong Fang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longfei Cao
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurology the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Novembre G, Lacal I, Benusiglio D, Quarta E, Schito A, Grasso S, Caratelli L, Caminiti R, Mayer AB, Iannetti GD. A Cortical Mechanism Linking Saliency Detection and Motor Reactivity in Rhesus Monkeys. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0422232023. [PMID: 37949654 PMCID: PMC10851684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0422-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden and surprising sensory events trigger neural processes that swiftly adjust behavior. To study the phylogenesis and the mechanism of this phenomenon, we trained two male rhesus monkeys to keep a cursor inside a visual target by exerting force on an isometric joystick. We examined the effect of surprising auditory stimuli on exerted force, scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, and local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Auditory stimuli elicited (1) a biphasic modulation of isometric force, a transient decrease followed by a corrective tonic increase, and (2) EEG and LFP deflections dominated by two large negative-positive waves (N70 and P130). The EEG potential was symmetrical and maximal at the scalp vertex, highly reminiscent of the human "vertex potential." Electrocortical potentials and force were tightly coupled: the P130 amplitude predicted the magnitude of the corrective force increase, particularly in the LFPs recorded from deep rather than superficial cortical layers. These results disclose a phylogenetically preserved corticomotor mechanism supporting adaptive behavior in response to salient sensory events.Significance Statement Survival in the natural world depends on an animal's capacity to adapt ongoing behavior to abrupt unexpected events. To study the neural mechanisms underlying this capacity, we trained monkeys to apply constant force on a joystick while we recorded their brain activity from the scalp and the prefrontal cortex contralateral to the hand holding the joystick. Unexpected auditory stimuli elicited a biphasic force modulation: a transient reduction followed by a corrective adjustment. The same stimuli also elicited EEG and LFP responses, dominated by a biphasic wave that predicted the magnitude of the behavioral adjustment. These results disclose a phylogenetically preserved corticomotor mechanism supporting adaptive behavior in response to unexpected events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception & Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Irene Lacal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 00185, Sapienza, Italy
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diego Benusiglio
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome 00161, Italy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Eros Quarta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 00185, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Andrea Schito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 00185, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Stefano Grasso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 00185, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Ludovica Caratelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 00185, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Roberto Caminiti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 00185, Sapienza, Italy
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Gian Domenico Iannetti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome 00161, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom
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22
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Nikolaev AR, Meghanathan RN, van Leeuwen C. Refixation behavior in naturalistic viewing: Methods, mechanisms, and neural correlates. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024:10.3758/s13414-023-02836-9. [PMID: 38169029 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
When freely viewing a scene, the eyes often return to previously visited locations. By tracking eye movements and coregistering eye movements and EEG, such refixations are shown to have multiple roles: repairing insufficient encoding from precursor fixations, supporting ongoing viewing by resampling relevant locations prioritized by precursor fixations, and aiding the construction of memory representations. All these functions of refixation behavior are understood to be underpinned by three oculomotor and cognitive systems and their associated brain structures. First, immediate saccade planning prior to refixations involves attentional selection of candidate locations to revisit. This process is likely supported by the dorsal attentional network. Second, visual working memory, involved in maintaining task-related information, is likely supported by the visual cortex. Third, higher-order relevance of scene locations, which depends on general knowledge and understanding of scene meaning, is likely supported by the hippocampal memory system. Working together, these structures bring about viewing behavior that balances exploring previously unvisited areas of a scene with exploiting visited areas through refixations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey R Nikolaev
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- Brain & Cognition Research Unit, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Cees van Leeuwen
- Brain & Cognition Research Unit, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cognitive Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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23
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Zhang G, Garrett DR, Simmons AM, Kiat JE, Luck SJ. Evaluating the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection in event-related potential research. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.16.558075. [PMID: 37745415 PMCID: PMC10516012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.16.558075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Eyeblinks and other large artifacts can create two major problems in event-related potential (ERP) research, namely confounds and increased noise. Here, we developed a method for assessing the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection methods at minimizing these two problems. We then used this method to assess a common artifact minimization approach, in which independent component analysis (ICA) is used to correct ocular artifacts, and artifact rejection is used to reject trials with extreme values resulting from other sources (e.g., movement artifacts). This approach was applied to data from five common ERP components (P3b, N400, N170, mismatch negativity, and error-related negativity). Four common scoring methods (mean amplitude, peak amplitude, peak latency, and 50% area latency) were examined for each component. We found that eyeblinks differed systematically across experimental conditions for several of the components. We also found that artifact correction was reasonably effective at minimizing these confounds, although it did not usually eliminate them completely. In addition, we found that the rejection of trials with extreme voltage values was effective at reducing noise, with the benefits of eliminating these trials outweighing the reduced number of trials available for averaging. For researchers who are analyzing similar ERP components and participant populations, this combination of artifact correction and rejection approaches should minimize artifact-related confounds and lead to improved data quality. Researchers who are analyzing other components or participant populations can use the method developed in this study to determine which artifact minimization approaches are effective in their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhang
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David R Garrett
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M Simmons
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John E Kiat
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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24
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Wen Y, Li H, Huang Y, Qiao D, Ren T, Lei L, Li G, Yang C, Xu Y, Han M, Liu Z. Dynamic network characteristics of adolescents with major depressive disorder: Attention network mediates the association between anhedonia and attentional deficit. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5749-5769. [PMID: 37683097 PMCID: PMC10619388 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit is a critical symptom that impairs social functioning in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamic neural network activity associated with attention deficits and its relationship with clinical outcomes in adolescents with MDD. We included 188 adolescents with MDD and 94 healthy controls. By combining psychophysics, resting-state electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, we aimed to identify dynamic network features through the investigation of EEG microstate characteristics and related temporal network features in adolescents with MDD. At baseline, microstate analysis revealed that the occurrence of Microstate C in the patient group was lower than that in healthy controls, whereas the duration and coverage of Microstate D increased in the MDD group. Mediation analysis revealed that the probability of transition from Microstate C to D mediated anhedonia and attention deficits in the MDD group. fMRI results showed that the temporal variability of the dorsal attention network (DAN) was significantly weaker in patients with MDD than in healthy controls. Importantly, the temporal variability of DAN mediated the relationship between anhedonia and attention deficits in the patient group. After acute-stage treatment, the response prediction group (RP) showed improvement in Microstates C and D compared to the nonresponse prediction group (NRP). For resting-state fMRI data, the temporal variability of DAN was significantly higher in the RP group than in the NRP group. Overall, this study enriches our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying attention deficits in patients with MDD and provides novel clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wen
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yangxi Huang
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Tian Ren
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Gaizhi Li
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Min Han
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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25
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Tung TY, Brennan JR. Expectations modulate retrieval interference during ellipsis resolution. Neuropsychologia 2023; 190:108680. [PMID: 37739260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Memory operations during language comprehension are subject to interference: retrieval is harder when items are linguistically similar to each other. We test how such interference effects might be modulated by linguistic expectations. Theories differ in how these factors might interact; we consider three possibilities: (i) predictability determines the need for retrieval, (ii) predictability affects cue-preference during retrieval, or (iii) word predictability moderates the effect of noise in memory during retrieval. We first demonstrate that expectations for a target word modulate retrieval interference in Mandarin noun-phrase ellipsis in an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment. This result obtains in globally ungrammatical sentences - termed "facilitatory interference." Such a pattern is inconsistent with theories that focus only on the need for retrieval. To tease apart cue-preferences from noisy-memory representations, we operationalize the latter using a Transformer neural network language model. Confronting the model with our stimuli reveals an interference effect, consistent with prior work, but that effect does not interact with predictability in contrast to human EEG results. Together, these data are most consistent with the hypothesis that the predictability of target items affects cue-preferences during retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yun Tung
- Department of Linguistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Wang J, Sun J, Li C, Tong S, Hong X. The effects of pre-cue alpha and cueing strategy on age-related deficits in post-cue alpha activity and target processing during visual spatial attention. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11112-11125. [PMID: 37750338 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography alpha-band (8-13 Hz) activity during visual spatial attention declines in normal aging. We recently reported the impacts of pre-cue baseline alpha and cueing strategy on post-cue anticipatory alpha activity and target processing in visual spatial attention (Wang et al., Cerebral Cortex, 2023). However, whether these factors affected aging effects remains unaddressed. We investigated this issue in two independent experiments (n = 114) with different cueing strategies (instructional vs. probabilistic). When median-splitting young adults (YA) by their pre-cue alpha power, we found that older adults exhibited similar pre-cue and post-cue alpha activity as YA with lower pre-cue alpha, and only YA with higher pre-cue alpha showed significant post-cue alpha activity, suggesting that diminished anticipatory alpha activity was not specific to aging but likely due to a general decrease with baseline alpha. Moreover, we found that the aging effects on cue-related event-related potentials were dependent on cueing strategy but were relatively independent of pre-cue alpha. However, age-related deficits in target-related N1 attentional modulation might depend on both pre-cue alpha and cueing strategy. By considering the impacts of pre-cue alpha and cueing strategy, our findings offer new insights into age-related deficits in anticipatory alpha activity and target processing during visual spatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangfei Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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27
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Wang J, Guo X, Xing Z, Wang G, Wang J, Hu J, Sun J, Li C, Tong S, Hong X. EEG correlates of anticipatory attention and target processing in children and adults during visual spatial attention. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114341. [PMID: 37660775 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of attentional orienting has been suggested to keep developing throughout childhood. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have shown that 6-10 year old children exhibit lateralized alpha-band (8-13 Hz) activity and event-related potentials (ERPs) that are classic markers of spatial attentional orienting in adults. However, the lack of a direct comparison of these EEG correlates between children and adults in the same experiment made it difficult to evaluate developmental effects on neural activity throughout attentional stages. This study aimed to directly compare cue-related alpha activity and ERPs for the anticipatory attention stage and target-related ERPs for the target processing stage between healthy children and adults. Participants, including 19 children (6-10 years) and 23 adults (18-34 years), successfully completed a visual spatial attention task, although children responded more slowly and less consistently than adults. Both age groups exhibited significant cue-related alpha lateralization and ERPs (EDAN, ADAN, and LDAP) during anticipatory attention and significant attentional modulation of target-related N1 during target processing. However, no significant difference was found in the magnitude of attentional modulation of these EEG correlates between children and adults. These findings suggest that the neural underpinnings of anticipatory attention and target processing during visual spatial attention could have been largely developed in 6-10 year old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziping Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiangfei Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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28
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Hu Y, Yu Q. Spatiotemporal dynamics of self-generated imagery reveal a reverse cortical hierarchy from cue-induced imagery. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113242. [PMID: 37831604 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual imagery allows for the construction of rich internal experience in our mental world. However, it has remained poorly understood how imagery experience derives volitionally as opposed to being cue driven. Here, using electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we systematically investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of self-generated imagery by having participants volitionally imagining one of the orientations from a learned pool. We contrast self-generated imagery with cue-induced imagery, where participants imagined line orientations based on associative cues acquired previously. Our results reveal overlapping neural signatures of cue-induced and self-generated imagery. Yet, these neural signatures display substantially differential sensitivities to the two types of imagery: self-generated imagery is supported by an enhanced involvement of the anterior cortex in representing imagery contents. By contrast, cue-induced imagery is supported by enhanced imagery representations in the posterior visual cortex. These results jointly support a reverse cortical hierarchy in generating and maintaining imagery contents in self-generated versus externally cued imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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29
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Pyasik M, Proverbio AM, Pia L. Behavioral and neurophysiological indices of the racial bias modulation after virtual embodiment in other-race body. iScience 2023; 26:108085. [PMID: 37860769 PMCID: PMC10582573 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial bias-nonconscious behavioral inclinations against people of other ethnic groups-heavily contributes to inequality and discrimination. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) can reduce implicit racial bias through the feeling of owning (embodying) a virtual body of a different "race"; however, it has been demonstrated only behaviorally for the implicit attitudes. Here, we investigated the implicit (racial IAT) and the neurophysiological (the N400 component of the event-related potentials for verbal stimuli that violated negative racial stereotypes) correlates of the embodiment-induced reduction of the implicit racial bias. After embodying a Black avatar, Caucasian participants had reduced implicit racial bias (IAT) but both groups showed the typical N400. This is the first evidence to suggest that virtual embodiment affects the evaluative component of the implicit biases but not the neurophysiological index of their cognitive component (i.e., stereotyping). This can inform interventions that promote inclusivity through the implicit/indirect procedures, such as embodiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pyasik
- SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Mado Proverbio
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- NIT (Neuroscience Institute of Turin), 10124 Turin, Italy
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30
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den Ouden C, Zhou A, Mepani V, Kovács G, Vogels R, Feuerriegel D. Stimulus expectations do not modulate visual event-related potentials in probabilistic cueing designs. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120347. [PMID: 37648120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and other animals can learn and exploit repeating patterns that occur within their environments. These learned patterns can be used to form expectations about future sensory events. Several influential predictive coding models have been proposed to explain how learned expectations influence the activity of stimulus-selective neurons in the visual system. These models specify reductions in neural response measures when expectations are fulfilled (termed expectation suppression) and increases following surprising sensory events. However, there is currently scant evidence for expectation suppression in the visual system when confounding factors are taken into account. Effects of surprise have been observed in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals, but not when using electrophysiological measures. To provide a strong test for expectation suppression and surprise effects we performed a predictive cueing experiment while recording electroencephalographic (EEG) data. Participants (n=48) learned cue-face associations during a training session and were then exposed to these cue-face pairs in a subsequent experiment. Using univariate analyses of face-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) we did not observe any differences across expected (90% probability), neutral (50%) and surprising (10%) face conditions. Across these comparisons, Bayes factors consistently favoured the null hypothesis throughout the time-course of the stimulus-evoked response. When using multivariate pattern analysis we did not observe above-chance classification of expected and surprising face-evoked ERPs. By contrast, we found robust within- and across-trial stimulus repetition effects. Our findings do not support predictive coding-based accounts that specify reduced prediction error signalling when perceptual expectations are fulfilled. They instead highlight the utility of other types of predictive processing models that describe expectation-related phenomena in the visual system without recourse to prediction error signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla den Ouden
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andong Zhou
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vinay Mepani
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rufin Vogels
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Miao Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Wu X. The time course of category-based attentional template pre-activation depends on the category framework. Neuropsychologia 2023; 189:108667. [PMID: 37619937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
When searching for a target defined by a set of objects, attention can be directed toward task-relevant objects by creating a category-based attentional template (CAT). Previous studies have found that CAT can be activated before the onset of the target. However, the time course of CAT pre-activation and whether the category framework (prototypical or semantic) can modulate it remain unclear. To explore the time course of CAT pre-activation, we employed a rapid serial probe presentation paradigm (RSPP) with event-related potentials (ERPs). To investigate the effect of the category framework on the time course of CAT pre-activation, the target category was defined as the prototypical category (Experiment 1) or the semantic category (Experiment 2). The results showed that the prototype-based CAT was pre-activated 300 ms prior to the target, whereas the semantics-based CAT was pre-activated 1500 ms before the onset of the target. The difference in the time course of pre-activation between the two CAT types indicates that the category framework can modulate the time course of CAT pre-activation. Additionally, during the attentional selection phase, an overall comparison of the target revealed that a larger N2pc was elicited by the prototype-based CAT than by the semantics-based CAT, suggesting that the prototype-based CAT could capture more attention than the semantics-based CAT. The findings on the difference between the two CAT frameworks in the preparatory and attentional selection phases provide more evidence for categorical information in visual search and extend our understanding of the mechanism of categorical attentional selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Miao
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Vocational Education, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China.
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Babiloni C, Lopez S, Noce G, Ferri R, Panerai S, Catania V, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Nobili F, Arnaldi D, Famà F, Massa F, Buttinelli C, Giubilei F, Stocchi F, Vacca L, Marizzoni M, D'Antonio F, Bruno G, De Lena C, Güntekin B, Yıldırım E, Hanoğlu L, Yener G, Yerlikaya D, Taylor JP, Schumacher J, McKeith I, Bonanni L, Pantano P, Piervincenzi C, Petsas N, Frisoni GB, Del Percio C, Carducci F. Relationship between default mode network and resting-state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms in cognitively unimpaired seniors and patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10514-10527. [PMID: 37615301 PMCID: PMC10588004 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we tested the hypothesis of a relationship between the cortical default mode network (DMN) structural integrity and the resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms in patients with Alzheimer's disease with dementia (ADD). Clinical and instrumental datasets in 45 ADD patients and 40 normal elderly (Nold) persons originated from the PDWAVES Consortium (www.pdwaves.eu). Individual rsEEG delta, theta, alpha, and fixed beta and gamma bands were considered. Freeware platforms served to derive (1) the (gray matter) volume of the DMN, dorsal attention (DAN), and sensorimotor (SMN) cortical networks and (2) the rsEEG cortical eLORETA source activities. We found a significant positive association between the DMN gray matter volume, the rsEEG alpha source activity estimated in the posterior DMN nodes (parietal and posterior cingulate cortex), and the global cognitive status in the Nold and ADD participants. Compared with the Nold, the ADD group showed lower DMN gray matter, lower rsEEG alpha source activity in those nodes, and lower global cognitive status. This effect was not observed in the DAN and SMN. These results suggest that the DMN structural integrity and the rsEEG alpha source activities in the DMN posterior hubs may be related and predict the global cognitive status in ADD and Nold persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Hospital San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinica neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinica neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinica neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Clinica neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Buttinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Giubilei
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia D'Antonio
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo De Lena
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldırım
- Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoğlu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Izmir School of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yerlikaya
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - John Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Ian McKeith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Nikolaos Petsas
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Statistica Medica e Biometria, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Carducci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Pitt KM, Cole ZJ, Zosky J. Promoting Simple and Engaging Brain-Computer Interface Designs for Children by Evaluating Contrasting Motion Techniques. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3974-3987. [PMID: 37696046 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing focus on using motion in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. In considering brain-computer interface access to AAC (BCI-AAC), motion may provide a simpler or more intuitive avenue for BCI-AAC control. Different motion techniques may be utilized in supporting competency with AAC devices including simple (e.g., zoom) and complex (behaviorally relevant animation) methods. However, how different pictorial symbol animation techniques impact BCI-AAC is unclear. METHOD Sixteen healthy children completed two experimental conditions. These conditions included highlighting of pictorial symbols via both functional (complex) and zoom (simple) animation to evaluate the effects of motion techniques on P300-based BCI-AAC signals and offline (predicted) BCI-AAC performance. RESULTS Functional (complex) animation significantly increased attentional-related P200/P300 event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes in the parieto-occipital area. Zoom (simple) animation significantly decreased N400 latency. N400 ERP amplitude was significantly greater, and occurred significantly earlier, on the right versus left side for the functional animation condition within the parieto-occipital bin. N200 ERP latency was significantly reduced over the left hemisphere for the zoom condition in the central bin. As hypothesized, elicitation of all targeted ERP components supported offline (predicted) BCI-AAC performance being similar between conditions. CONCLUSION Study findings provide continued support for the use of animation in BCI-AAC systems for children and highlight differences in neural and attentional processing between complex and simple animation techniques. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24085623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Pitt
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Zachary J Cole
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Joshua Zosky
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Smith AE, Chau A, Greaves D, Keage HAD, Feuerriegel D. Resting EEG power spectra across middle to late life: associations with age, cognition, APOE-ɛ4 carriage, and cardiometabolic burden. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 130:93-102. [PMID: 37494844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how resting electroencephalography (EEG) measures are associated with risk factors for late-life cognitive impairment and dementia, including age, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE-ɛ4) carriage, and cardiometabolic burden. Resting EEG was recorded from 86 adults (50-80 years of age). Participants additionally completed the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) III and had blood drawn to assess APOE-ɛ4 carriage status and cardiometabolic burden. EEG power spectra were decomposed into sources of periodic and aperiodic activity to derive measures of aperiodic component slope and alpha (7-14 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) peak power and peak frequency. Alpha and beta peak power measures were corrected for aperiodic activity. The aperiodic component slope was correlated with ACE-III scores but not age. Alpha peak frequency decreased with age. Individuals with higher cardiometabolic burden had lower alpha peak frequencies and lower beta peak power. APOE-ɛ4 carriers had lower beta peak frequencies. Our findings suggest that the slope of the aperiodic component of resting EEG power spectra is more closely associated with measures of cognitive performance rather than chronological age in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh E Smith
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anson Chau
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Medical Radiation Science, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle Greaves
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences (CAIN), Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; UniSA Online, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences (CAIN), Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Pan Y, Vinding MC, Zhang L, Lundqvist D, Olsson A. A Brain-To-Brain Mechanism for Social Transmission of Threat Learning. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304037. [PMID: 37544901 PMCID: PMC10558655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Survival and adaptation in environments require swift and efficacious learning about what is dangerous. Across species, much of such threat learning is acquired socially, e.g., through the observation of others' ("demonstrators'") defensive behaviors. However, the specific neural mechanisms responsible for the integration of information shared between demonstrators and observers remain largely unknown. This dearth of knowledge is addressed by performing magnetoencephalography (MEG) neuroimaging in demonstrator-observer dyads. A set of stimuli are first shown to a demonstrator whose defensive responses are filmed and later presented to an observer, while neuronal activity is recorded sequentially from both individuals who never interacted directly. These results show that brain-to-brain coupling (BtBC) in the fronto-limbic circuit (including insula, ventromedial, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) within demonstrator-observer dyads predict subsequent expressions of learning in the observer. Importantly, the predictive power of BtBC magnifies when a threat is imminent to the demonstrator. Furthermore, BtBC depends on how observers perceive their social status relative to the demonstrator, likely driven by shared attention and emotion, as bolstered by dyadic pupillary coupling. Taken together, this study describes a brain-to-brain mechanism for social threat learning, involving BtBC, which reflects social relationships and predicts adaptive, learned behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17165Sweden
| | - Mikkel C. Vinding
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17165Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Amager and HvidovreCopenhagen2650Denmark
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Human Brain HealthSchool of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- Institute for Mental HealthSchool of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- SocialCognitive and Affective Neuroscience UnitDepartment of CognitionEmotionand Methods in PsychologyFaculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaVienna1010Austria
| | - Daniel Lundqvist
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17165Sweden
| | - Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17165Sweden
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Berto M, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P, Weisz N, Bottari D. Distinguishing Fine Structure and Summary Representation of Sound Textures from Neural Activity. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0026-23.2023. [PMID: 37775312 PMCID: PMC10576259 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0026-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The auditory system relies on both local and summary representations; acoustic local features exceeding system constraints are compacted into a set of summary statistics. Such compression is pivotal for sound-object recognition. Here, we assessed whether computations subtending local and statistical representations of sounds could be distinguished at the neural level. A computational auditory model was employed to extract auditory statistics from natural sound textures (i.e., fire, rain) and to generate synthetic exemplars where local and statistical properties were controlled. Twenty-four human participants were passively exposed to auditory streams while the electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Each stream could consist of short, medium, or long sounds to vary the amount of acoustic information. Short and long sounds were expected to engage local or summary statistics representations, respectively. Data revealed a clear dissociation. Compared with summary-based ones, auditory-evoked responses based on local information were selectively greater in magnitude in short sounds. Opposite patterns emerged for longer sounds. Neural oscillations revealed that local features and summary statistics rely on neural activity occurring at different temporal scales, faster (beta) or slower (theta-alpha). These dissociations emerged automatically without explicit engagement in a discrimination task. Overall, this study demonstrates that the auditory system developed distinct coding mechanisms to discriminate changes in the acoustic environment based on fine structure and summary representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Berto
- Molecular Mind Lab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, 55100, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- Molecular Mind Lab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, 55100, Italy
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- Molecular Mind Lab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, 55100, Italy
| | - Nathan Weisz
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Davide Bottari
- Molecular Mind Lab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, 55100, Italy
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Li L, Hou C, Peng C, Chen Y. Encoding, working memory, or decision: how feedback modulates time perception. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10355-10366. [PMID: 37522300 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that individuals can accurately represent temporal information within approximately 3 s is the premise of several theoretical models and empirical studies in the field of temporal processing. The significance of accurately representing time within 3 s and the universality of the overestimation contrast dramatically. To clarify whether this overestimation arises from an inability to accurately represent time or a response bias, we systematically examined whether feedback reduces overestimation at the 3 temporal processing stages of timing (encoding), working memory, and decisions proposed by the scalar timing model. Participants reproduced the time interval between 2 circles with or without feedback, while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was synchronously recorded. Behavioral results showed that feedback shortened reproduced times and significantly minimized overestimation. EEG results showed that feedback significantly decreased the amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV) in the decision stage but did not modulate the CNV amplitude in the encoding stage or the P2-P3b amplitudes in the working memory stage. These results suggest that overestimation arises from response bias when individuals convert an accurate representation of time into behavior. Our study provides electrophysiological evidence to support the conception that short intervals under approximately 3 s can be accurately represented as "temporal gestalt."
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Affiliation(s)
- Langyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Faculty of Psychology, Time Psychology Research Center, Center of Studies for Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunna Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Faculty of Psychology, Time Psychology Research Center, Center of Studies for Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunhua Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Faculty of Psychology, Time Psychology Research Center, Center of Studies for Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Lim J, Wang PT, Bashford L, Kellis S, Shaw SJ, Gong H, Armacost M, Heydari P, Do AH, Andersen RA, Liu CY, Nenadic Z. Suppression of cortical electrostimulation artifacts using pre-whitening and null projection. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:056018. [PMID: 37666246 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acf68b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have shown promise in restoring motor function to those paralyzed by neurological injuries. These systems also have the ability to restore sensation via cortical electrostimulation. Cortical stimulation produces strong artifacts that can obscure neural signals or saturate recording amplifiers. While front-end hardware techniques can alleviate this problem, residual artifacts generally persist and must be suppressed by back-end methods.Approach.We have developed a technique based on pre-whitening and null projection (PWNP) and tested its ability to suppress stimulation artifacts in electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocorticogram (ECoG) and microelectrode array (MEA) signals from five human subjects.Main results.In EEG signals contaminated by narrow-band stimulation artifacts, the PWNP method achieved average artifact suppression between 32 and 34 dB, as measured by an increase in signal-to-interference ratio. In ECoG and MEA signals contaminated by broadband stimulation artifacts, our method suppressed artifacts by 78%-80% and 85%, respectively, as measured by a reduction in interference index. When compared to independent component analysis, which is considered the state-of-the-art technique for artifact suppression, our method achieved superior results, while being significantly easier to implement.Significance.PWNP can potentially act as an efficient method of artifact suppression to enable simultaneous stimulation and recording in bi-directional BCIs to biomimetically restore motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Po T Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Luke Bashford
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Spencer Kellis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Susan J Shaw
- Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Michelle Armacost
- Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Payam Heydari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - An H Do
- Department of Neurology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Charles Y Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, United States of America
| | - Zoran Nenadic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
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Stringfellow J, Liran O, Lin MH, Baker TE. Recording neural reward signals in the real-world using mobile-EEG and augmented reality. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.31.555757. [PMID: 37693413 PMCID: PMC10491265 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological response to rewards recorded during laboratory-based tasks has been well documented over the past two decades, yet little is known about the neural response patterns in 'real-world' settings. To address this issue, we combined a mobile-EEG system with an augmented reality headset (which blends high definition "holograms" within the real-world) to record event-related brain potentials (ERP) while participants navigated an operant chamber to find rewards. 25 participants (age = 18-43, Male=6, Female=19) were asked to choose between two floating holograms marking a west or east goal-location in a large room, and once participants reached the goal location, the hologram would turn into a reward (5 cents) or no-reward (0 cents) cue. Following the feedback cue, participants were required to return to a hologram marking the start location, and once standing in it, a 3 second counter hologram would initiate the next trial. This sequence was repeated until participants completed 200 trials. Consistent with previous research, reward feedback evoked the reward positivity, an ERP component believed to index the sensitivity of the anterior cingulate cortex to reward prediction error signals. The reward positivity peaked around 235ms post-feedback with a maximal at channel FCz (M=-2.60μV, SD=1.73μV) and was significantly different than zero (p < 0.01). At a behavioral level, participants took approximately 3.38 seconds to reach the goal-location and exhibited a general lose-shift (68.3% ± 3.5) response strategy and were slightly slower to return to the start location following negative feedback (2.43 sec) compared to positive feedback (2.38 sec), evidence of post-error slowing. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that combining mobile-EEG with augmented reality technology is a feasible solution to enhance the ecological validity of human electrophysiological studies of goal-directed behavior and a step towards a new era of human cognitive neuroscience research that blurs the line between laboratory and reality.
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40
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Ling Y, Xu C, Wen X, Li J, Gao J, Luo B. Cortical responses to auditory stimulation predict the prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 153:11-20. [PMID: 37385110 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) using auditory stimulation with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. METHODS We enrolled 72 patients with DoC in the study, which involved subjecting patients to auditory stimulation while EEG responses were recorded. Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were determined for each patient and followed up for three months. A frequency spectrum analysis was performed on the EEG recordings. Finally, the power spectral density (PSD) index was used to predict the prognosis of patients with DoC based on a support vector machine (SVM) model. RESULTS Power spectral analyses revealed that the cortical response to auditory stimulation showed a decreasing trend with decreasing consciousness levels. Auditory stimulation-induced changes in absolute PSD at the delta and theta bands were positively correlated with the CRS-R and GOS scores. Furthermore, these cortical responses to auditory stimulation had a good ability to discriminate between good and poor prognoses of patients with DoC. CONCLUSIONS Auditory stimulation-induced changes in the PSD were highly predictive of DoC outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings showed that cortical responses to auditory stimulation may be an important electrophysiological indicator of prognosis in patients with DoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xinrui Wen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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41
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Federici A, Bennett CR, Bauer CM, Manley CE, Ricciardi E, Bottari D, Merabet LB. Altered neural oscillations underlying visuospatial processing in cerebral visual impairment. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad232. [PMID: 37693815 PMCID: PMC10489293 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Visuospatial processing deficits are commonly observed in individuals with cerebral visual impairment, even in cases where visual acuity and visual field functions are intact. Cerebral visual impairment is a brain-based visual disorder associated with the maldevelopment of central visual pathways and structures. However, the neurophysiological basis underlying higher-order perceptual impairments in this condition has not been clearly identified, which in turn poses limits on developing rehabilitative interventions. Using combined eye tracking and EEG recordings, we assessed the profile and performance of visual search on a naturalistic virtual reality-based task. Participants with cerebral visual impairment and controls with neurotypical development were instructed to search, locate and fixate on a specific target placed among surrounding distractors at two levels of task difficulty. We analysed evoked (phase-locked) and induced (non-phase-locked) components of broadband (4-55 Hz) neural oscillations to uncover the neurophysiological basis of visuospatial processing. We found that visual search performance in cerebral visual impairment was impaired compared to controls (as indexed by outcomes of success rate, reaction time and gaze error). Analysis of neural oscillations revealed markedly reduced early-onset evoked theta [4-6 Hz] activity (within 0.5 s) regardless of task difficulty. Moreover, while induced alpha activity increased with task difficulty in controls, this modulation was absent in the cerebral visual impairment group identifying a potential neural correlate related to deficits with visual search and distractor suppression. Finally, cerebral visual impairment participants also showed a sustained induced gamma response [30-45 Hz]. We conclude that impaired visual search performance in cerebral visual impairment is associated with substantial alterations across a wide range of neural oscillation frequencies. This includes both evoked and induced components suggesting the involvement of feedforward and feedback processing as well as local and distributed levels of neural processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R Bennett
- The Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Corinna M Bauer
- The Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Claire E Manley
- The Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Lotfi B Merabet
- The Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Levy A, Enisman M, Perry A, Kleiman T. Midfrontal theta as an index of conflict strength in approach-approach vs avoidance-avoidance conflicts. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad038. [PMID: 37493061 PMCID: PMC10411683 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal theory of motivational conflicts distinguishes between approach-approach (AP-AP) conflicts, in which a decision is made between desirable alternatives, and avoidance-avoidance (AV-AV) conflicts, in which a decision is made between undesirable alternatives. The behavioral differences between AP-AP and AV-AV conflicts are well documented: abundant research showed that AV-AV conflicts are more difficult to resolve than AP-AP ones. However, there is little to no research looking into the neural underpinnings of the differences between the two conflict types. Here, we show that midfrontal theta, an established neural marker of conflict, distinguished between the two conflict types such that midfrontal theta power was higher in AV-AV conflicts than in AP-AP conflicts. We further demonstrate that higher midfrontal theta power was associated with shorter decision times on a single-trial basis, indicating that midfrontal theta played a role in promoting successful controlled behavior. Taken together, our results show that AP-AP and AV-AV conflicts are distinguishable on the neural level. The implications of these results go beyond motivational conflicts, as they establish midfrontal theta as a measure of the continuous degree of conflict in subjective decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Levy
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Maya Enisman
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Anat Perry
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Tali Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
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Rojas-Thomas F, Artigas C, Wainstein G, Morales JP, Arriagada M, Soto D, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Silva J, Lopez V. Impact of acute psychosocial stress on attentional control in humans. A study of evoked potentials and pupillary response. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 25:100551. [PMID: 37362419 PMCID: PMC10285563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress has increased considerably in our modern lifestyle, affecting global mental health. Deficits in attentional control are cardinal features of stress disorders and pathological anxiety. Studies suggest that changes in the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system could underlie the effects of stress on top-down attentional control. However, the impact of psychosocial stress on attentional processes and its underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of psychosocial stress on attentional processing and brain signatures. Evoked potentials and pupillary activity related to the oddball auditory paradigm were recorded before and after applying the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST). Electrocardiogram (ECG), salivary cortisol, and subjective anxiety/stress levels were measured at different experimental periods. The control group experienced the same physical and cognitive effort but without the psychosocial stress component. The results showed that stressed subjects exhibited decreased P3a and P3b amplitude, pupil phasic response, and correct responses. On the other hand, they displayed an increase in Mismatch Negativity (MMN). N1 amplitude after MIST only decreased in the control group. We found that differences in P3b amplitude between the first and second oddball were significantly correlated with pupillary dilation and salivary cortisol levels. Our results suggest that under social-evaluative threat, basal activity of the coeruleus-norepinephrine system increases, enhancing alertness and decreasing voluntary attentional resources for the cognitive task. These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of attentional changes in pathologies associated with chronic psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Rojas-Thomas
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencias, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario en Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - C. Artigas
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G. Wainstein
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina y Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan-Pablo Morales
- Programa de Doctorado en Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario en Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Facultad de Educación Psicología y Familia, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Arriagada
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago, Chile
| | - D. Soto
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - A. Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Estrés, Instituto de Fisiología, CENFI, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J. Silva
- Instituto de Bienestar Socioemocional (IBEM), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - V. Lopez
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencias, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Zakrzewski AC, Maniscalco B, Wisniewski MG. Late ERP correlates of confidence for auditory categorization of complex sounds. Neurosci Lett 2023; 808:137294. [PMID: 37172774 PMCID: PMC10330643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that confidence judgments relate to the quality of early sensory representations and later modality independent processing stages. It is not known whether the nature of this finding might vary based on task and/or stimulus characteristics (e.g., detection vs. categorization). The present study investigated the neural correlates of confidence using electroencephalography (EEG) in an auditory categorization task. This allowed us to examine whether the early event-related potentials (ERPs) related to confidence in detection also apply to a more complex auditory task. Participants listened to frequency-modulated (FM) tonal stimuli going up or down in pitch. The rate of FM tones ranged from slow to fast, making the stimuli harder or easier to categorize. Tone-locked late posterior positivity (LPP) but not N1 or P2 amplitudes were larger for (correct-only) trials rated with high than low confidence. These results replicated for trials presenting stimuli at individually identified threshold levels (rate of change producing ∼71.7% correct performance). This finding suggests that, in this task, neural correlates of confidence do not vary based on difficulty level. We suggest that the LPP is a task general indication of the confidence for an upcoming judgment in a variety of paradigms.
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45
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Koul A, Ahmar D, Iannetti GD, Novembre G. Spontaneous dyadic behaviour predicts the emergence of interpersonal neural synchrony. Neuroimage 2023:120233. [PMID: 37348621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronization of neural activity across brains - interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) - is emerging as a powerful marker of social interaction that predicts success of multi-person coordination, communication, and cooperation. As the origins of INS are poorly understood, we tested whether and how INS might emerge from spontaneous dyadic behavior. We recorded neural activity (EEG) and human behavior (full-body kinematics, eye movements and facial expressions) while dyads of participants were instructed to look at each other without speaking or making co-verbal gestures. We made four fundamental observations. First, despite the absence of a structured social task, INS emerged spontaneously only when participants were able to see each other. Second, we show that such spontaneous INS, comprising specific spectral and topographic profiles, did not merely reflect intra-personal modulations of neural activity, but it rather reflected real-time and dyad-specific coupling of neural activities. Third, using state-of-art video-image processing and deep learning, we extracted the temporal unfolding of three notable social behavioral cues - body movement, eye contact, and smiling - and demonstrated that these behaviors also spontaneously synchronized within dyads. Fourth, we probed the correlates of INS in such synchronized social behaviors. Using cross-correlation and Granger causality analyses, we show that synchronized social behaviors anticipate and in fact Granger cause INS. These results provide proof-of-concept evidence for studying interpersonal neural and behavioral synchrony under natural and unconstrained conditions. Most importantly, the results suggest that INS could be conceptualized as an emergent property of two coupled neural systems: an entrainment phenomenon, promoted by real-time dyadic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atesh Koul
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Ahmar
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Domenico Iannetti
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London (UCL), WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, Italy.
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46
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Hu Y, Fang M, Li Z, Shi L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Gao J, Zhang L. Assessing stroke rehabilitation degree based on quantitative EEG index and nonlinear parameters. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:661-669. [PMID: 37265653 PMCID: PMC10229519 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of motor function is critical to the rehabilitation of stroke patients. However, commonly used evaluation methods are based on behavior scoring, which lacks neurological indicators that directly reflect the motor function of the brain. The objective of this study was to investigate whether resting-state EEG indicators could improve stroke rehabilitation evaluation. We recruited 68 participants and recorded their resting-state EEG data. According to Brunnstrom stage, the participants were divided into three groups: severe, moderate, and mild. Ten quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) and five non-linear parameters of resting-state EEG were calculated for further analysis. Statistical tests were performed, and the genetic algorithm-support vector machine was used to select the best feature combination for classification. We found the QEEG parameters show significant differences in Delta, Alpha1, Alpha2, DAR, and DTABR (P < 0.05) among the three groups. Regarding nonlinear parameters, ApEn, SampEn, Lz, and C0 showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The optimal feature classification combination accuracy rate reached 85.3%. Our research shows that resting-state EEG indicators could be used for stroke rehabilitation evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Hu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubo Hu
- Shenqiu County People’s Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - Mingzhu Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Zhengzhou Boone Technology Company, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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47
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Wong YS, Pat N, Machado L. Commonalities between mind wandering and task-set switching: An event-related potential study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 185:108585. [PMID: 37169065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has established that mind wandering does not necessarily disrupt one's task-switching performance. Here we investigated the effects of mind wandering on electrophysiological signatures, measured using event-related potentials (ERPs), during a switching task. In the current study, a final sample of 22 young adults performed a task-switching paradigm while electroencephalography was continuously recorded; mind wandering was assessed via thought probes at the end of each block. Consistent with previous research, we found no significant disruptive effects of mind wandering on task-switching performance. The ERP results showed that at the posterior electrode sites (P3, Pz, and P4), P3 amplitude was higher for mind-wandering switch trials than on-task switch trials, thus opposing the typical pattern of P3 attenuation during periods of mind wandering relative to on-task episodes. Considering that increased P3 amplitude during higher-order switch trials (e.g., response rule switching) may reflect the implementation of new higher-order task sets/rules, the current findings seem to indicate similar executive control processes underlie mind wandering and task-set switching, providing further evidence in favor of a role for switching in mind wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Wong
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Narun Pat
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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48
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Federici A, Bernardi G, Senna I, Fantoni M, Ernst MO, Ricciardi E, Bottari D. Crossmodal plasticity following short-term monocular deprivation. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120141. [PMID: 37120043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A brief period of monocular deprivation (MD) induces short-term plasticity of the adult visual system. Whether MD elicits neural changes beyond visual processing is yet unclear. Here, we assessed the specific impact of MD on neural correlates of multisensory processes. Neural oscillations associated with visual and audio-visual processing were measured for both the deprived and the non-deprived eye. Results revealed that MD changed neural activities associated with visual and multisensory processes in an eye-specific manner. Selectively for the deprived eye, alpha synchronization was reduced within the first 150 ms of visual processing. Conversely, gamma activity was enhanced in response to audio-visual events only for the non-deprived eye within 100-300 ms after stimulus onset. The analysis of gamma responses to unisensory auditory events revealed that MD elicited a crossmodal upweight for the non-deprived eye. Distributed source modeling suggested that the right parietal cortex played a major role in neural effects induced by MD. Finally, visual and audio-visual processing alterations emerged for the induced component of the neural oscillations, indicating a prominent role of feedback connectivity. Results reveal the causal impact of MD on both unisensory (visual and auditory) and multisensory (audio-visual) processes and, their frequency-specific profiles. These findings support a model in which MD increases excitability to visual events for the deprived eye and audio-visual and auditory input for the non-deprived eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Federici
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy.
| | - G Bernardi
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - I Senna
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Fantoni
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - M O Ernst
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E Ricciardi
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - D Bottari
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
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49
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Sun Q, Zhan LZ, Zhang BY, Jia S, Gong XM. Heading perception from optic flow occurs at both perceptual representation and working memory stages with EEG evidence. Vision Res 2023; 208:108235. [PMID: 37094419 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Psychophysical studies have demonstrated that heading perception from optic flow occurs in perceptual and post-perceptual stages. The post-perception stage is a complex concept, containing working memory. The current study examined whether working memory was involved in heading perception from optic flow by asking participants to conduct a heading perception task and recording their scalp EEG. On each trial, an optic flow display was presented, followed by a blank display. Participants were then asked to report their perceived heading. We know that participants would tend to automatically forget previous headings when they learned that previously presented headings were unrelated to the current heading perception to save cognitive resources. As a result, we could not decode previous headings from the EEG data of current trials. More importantly, if we successfully decoded previous headings when the blank display (optic flow) was presented, then working memory (perceptual representation stage) was involved in heading perception. Our results showed that the decoding accuracy was significantly higher than the chance level when the optic flow and blank displays were presented. Therefore, the current study provided electrophysiological evidence that heading perception from optic flow occurred in the perceptual representation and working memory stages, against the previous perceptual claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Lin-Zhe Zhan
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Bao-Yuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shiwei Jia
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Gong
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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50
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Kieffaber PD, Osborne J, Norton E, Hilimire M. Deconstructing the Functional Significance of the Error-related Negativity (ERN) and Midline Frontal Theta Oscillations Using Stepwise Time-locking and Single-trial Response Dynamics. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120113. [PMID: 37062374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Error-related electroencephalographic potentials have been used for decades to develop theoretical models of response monitoring processes, study altered cognitive functioning in clinical populations, and more recently, to improve the performance of brain-computer interfaces. However, the vast majority of this research relies on discrete behavioral responses that confound error detection, response cancellation, error correction, and post-error cognitive and affective processes. By contrast, the present study demonstrates a novel, complementary method for isolating the functional correlates of error-related electroencephalographic responses using single-trial kinematic analyses of cursor trajectories and a stepwise time-locking analysis. The results reveal that the latency of the ERN, Pe, and medial-frontal theta oscillations are all strongly positively correlated with the latency at which an initiated error response is canceled, as indicated by the peak deceleration of the initiated movement prior to a corrective response. Results are discussed with respect to current theoretical models of error-related brain potentials and potential relevance to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Kieffaber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary.
| | - Juston Osborne
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary
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