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Massé I, Moquin L, Bouchard C, Gratton A, De Beaumont L. Uninterrupted in vivo cerebral microdialysis measures of the acute neurochemical response to a single or repeated concussion in a rat model combining force and rotation. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148998. [PMID: 38754802 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Altered extracellular amino acid concentrations following concussion or mild traumatic brain injury can result in delayed neuronal damage through overactivation of NMDA glutamatergic receptors. However, the consequences of repeated concussions prior to complete recovery are not well understood. In this study, we utilized in vivo cerebral microdialysis and a weight-drop model to investigate the acute neurochemical response to single and repeated concussions in adult rats that were fully conscious. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the hippocampus and remained in place during impact. Primary outcomes included concentrations of glutamate, GABA, taurine, glycine, glutamine, and serine, while secondary outcomes were righting times and excitotoxic indices. Compared to sham injury, the first concussion resulted in significant increases in glutamate, GABA, taurine, and glycine levels, longer righting times, and higher excitotoxic indices. Following the second concussion, righting times were significantly longer, suggesting cumulative effects of repeated concussion while only partial increases were observed in glutamate and taurine levels. GABA and glycine levels, and excitotoxic indices were comparable to sham injury. These findings suggest that single and repeated concussions may induce acute increases in several amino acids, while repeated concussions could exacerbate neurological symptoms despite less pronounced neurochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Massé
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Luc Moquin
- Research Center, Douglas Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Research Center, Douglas Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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2
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Chien SY, Wong AM, Wu CY, Beckman SL. Interactive Electronic Pegboard for Enhancing Manual Dexterity and Cognitive Abilities: Instrument Usability Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e56357. [PMID: 38904991 DOI: 10.2196/56357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strokes pose a substantial health burden, impacting 1 in 6 people globally. One-tenth of patients will endure a second, often more severe, stroke within a year. Alarmingly, a younger demographic is being affected due to recent lifestyle changes. As fine motor and cognitive issues arise, patient disability as well as the strain on caregivers and health care resources is exacerbated. Contemporary occupational therapy assesses manual dexterity and cognitive functions through object manipulation and pen-and-paper recordings. However, these assessments are typically isolated, which makes it challenging for therapists to comprehensively evaluate specific patient conditions. Furthermore, the reliance on one-on-one training and assessment approaches on manual documentation is inefficient and prone to transcription errors. OBJECTIVE This study examines the feasibility of using an interactive electronic pegboard for stroke rehabilitation in clinical settings. METHODS A total of 10 patients with a history of stroke and 10 healthy older individuals were recruited. With a limit of 10 minutes, both groups of participants underwent a series of challenges involving tasks related to manual operation, shape recognition, and color discrimination. All participants underwent the Box and Block Test and the Purdue Pegboard Test to assess manual dexterity, as well as an array of cognitive assessments, including the Trail Making Test and the Mini-Mental Status Examination, which served as a basis to quantify participants' attention, executive functioning, and cognitive abilities. RESULTS The findings validate the potential application of an interactive electronic pegboard for stroke rehabilitation in clinical contexts. Significant statistical differences (P<.01) were observed across all assessed variables, including age, Box and Block Test results, Purdue Pegboard Test outcomes, Trail Making Test-A scores, and Mini-Mental Status Examination performance, between patients with a history of stroke and their healthy older counterparts. Functional and task testing, along with questionnaire interviews, revealed that patients with a history of stroke demonstrated prolonged completion times and slightly inferior performance. Nonetheless, most patients perceived the prototype as user-friendly and engaging. Thus, in the context of patient rehabilitation interventions or the evaluation of patient cognition, physical functioning, or manual dexterity assessments, the developed pegboard could potentially serve as a valuable tool for hand function, attention, and cognitive rehabilitation, thereby mitigating the burden on health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS Health care professionals can use digital electronic pegboards not only as a precise one-on-one training tool but also as a flexible system that can be configured for online or offline, single-player or multiplayer use. Through data analysis, a more informed examination of patients' cognitive and functional issues can be conducted. Importantly, patient records will be fully retained throughout practices, exercises, or tests, and by leveraging the characteristics of big data, patients can receive the most accurate rehabilitation prescriptions, thereby assisting them in obtaining optimal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ying Chien
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice Mk Wong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sara L Beckman
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Bibineyshvili Y, Vajtay TJ, Salsabilian S, Fliss N, Suvarnakar A, Fang J, Teng S, Alder J, Najafizadeh L, Margolis DJ. Imaging the large-scale and cellular response to focal traumatic brain injury in mouse neocortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590835. [PMID: 38712183 PMCID: PMC11071467 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neural function at the local injury site and also at distant, connected brain areas. However, the real-time neural dynamics in response to injury and subsequent effects on sensory processing and behavior are not fully resolved, especially across a range of spatial scales. We used in vivo calcium imaging in awake, head-restrained male and female mice to measure large-scale and cellular resolution neuronal activation, respectively, in response to a mild TBI induced by focal controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury of the motor cortex (M1). Widefield imaging revealed an immediate CCI-induced activation at the injury site, followed by a massive slow wave of calcium signal activation that traveled across the majority of the dorsal cortex within approximately 30 s. Correspondingly, two-photon calcium imaging in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) found strong activation of neuropil and neuronal populations during the CCI-induced traveling wave. A depression of calcium signals followed the wave, during which we observed atypical activity of a sparse population of S1 neurons. Longitudinal imaging in the hours and days after CCI revealed increases in the area of whisker-evoked sensory maps at early time points, in parallel to decreases in cortical functional connectivity and behavioral measures. Neural and behavioral changes mostly recovered over hours to days in our mild-TBI model, with a more lasting decrease in the number of active S1 neurons. Our results provide novel spatial and temporal views of neural adaptations that occur at cortical sites remote to a focal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bibineyshvili
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Thomas J Vajtay
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Shiva Salsabilian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Fliss
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Aastha Suvarnakar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Fang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laleh Najafizadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David J Margolis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
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Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Datta D. An overview of preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI): relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1371213. [PMID: 38682091 PMCID: PMC11045909 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1371213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions annually worldwide. Although the majority of TBI patients return to premorbid baseline, a subset of patient can develop persistent and often debilitating neurocognitive and behavioral changes. The etiology of TBI within the clinical setting is inherently heterogenous, ranging from sport related injuries, fall related injuries and motor vehicle accidents in the civilian setting, to blast injuries in the military setting. Objective Animal models of TBI, offer the distinct advantage of controlling for injury modality, duration and severity. Furthermore, preclinical models of TBI have provided the necessary temporal opportunity to study the chronic neuropathological sequelae of TBI, including neurodegenerative sequelae such as tauopathy and neuroinflammation within the finite experimental timeline. Despite the high prevalence of TBI, there are currently no disease modifying regimen for TBI, and the current clinical treatments remain largely symptom based. The preclinical models have provided the necessary biological substrate to examine the disease modifying effect of various pharmacological agents and have imperative translational value. Methods The current review will include a comprehensive survey of well-established preclinical models, including classic preclinical models including weight drop, blast injury, fluid percussion injury, controlled cortical impact injury, as well as more novel injury models including closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) models and closed-head projectile concussive impact model (PCI). In addition to rodent preclinical models, the review will include an overview of other species including large animal models and Drosophila. Results There are major neuropathological perturbations post TBI captured in various preclinical models, which include neuroinflammation, calcium dysregulation, tauopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, axonopathy, as well as glymphatic system disruption. Conclusion The preclinical models of TBI continue to offer valuable translational insight, as well as essential neurobiological basis to examine specific disease modifying therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Psychiatry, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States
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Coraggio F, Bhushan M, Roumeliotis S, Caroti F, Bevilacqua C, Prevedel R, Rapti G. Age-progressive interplay of HSP-proteostasis, ECM-cell junctions and biomechanics ensures C. elegans astroglial architecture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2861. [PMID: 38570505 PMCID: PMC10991496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue integrity is sensitive to temperature, tension, age, and is sustained throughout life by adaptive cell-autonomous or extrinsic mechanisms. Safeguarding the remarkably-complex architectures of neurons and glia ensures age-dependent integrity of functional circuits. Here, we report mechanisms sustaining the integrity of C. elegans CEPsh astrocyte-like glia. We combine large-scale genetics with manipulation of genes, cells, and their environment, quantitative imaging of cellular/ subcellular features, tissue material properties and extracellular matrix (ECM). We identify mutants with age-progressive, environment-dependent defects in glial architecture, consequent disruption of neuronal architecture, and abnormal aging. Functional loss of epithelial Hsp70/Hsc70-cochaperone BAG2 causes ECM disruption, altered tissue biomechanics, and hypersensitivity of glia to environmental temperature and mechanics. Glial-cell junctions ensure epithelia-ECM-CEPsh glia association. Modifying glial junctions or ECM mechanics safeguards glial integrity against disrupted BAG2-proteostasis. Overall, we present a finely-regulated interplay of proteostasis-ECM and cell junctions with conserved components that ensures age-progressive robustness of glial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coraggio
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahak Bhushan
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Roumeliotis
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Caroti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Sen A, Erdivanlı B, Tümkaya L, Uydu HA, Mercantepe T, Batcik Ş, Ozdemir A. The effects of dexmedetomidine on trauma-induced secondary injury in rat brain. Neurol Res 2024; 46:23-32. [PMID: 37842946 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex), a sedative drug with little or no depressant effect on respiratory centers, on secondary injury in rat brain tissue by means of the Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme, which maintains the cell membrane ion gradient; malondialdehyde, an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation; glutathione, an indicator of antioxidant capacity; and histopathological analyses. METHODS Eighteen rats were randomized into three groups: the trauma group received anesthesia, followed by head trauma with a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Apparatus; the Trauma+Dex group received an additional treatment of 100 µg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine daily for three days; the Control group received anesthesia only. RESULTS The highest MDA levels compared to the Control group were found in the Trauma group. Mean levels in the Trauma+Dex group were lower, albeit still significantly high compared to the Control group. Glutathione levels were similar in all groups. Na/K-ATPase levels were significantly lower in the Trauma group compared to both the Control group and the Trauma+Dex group. Histopathologic findings of tissue degeneration including edema, vascular congestion and neuronal injury, and cleaved caspase-3 levels were lower in the Trauma+Dex group compared with the Trauma group. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine administered during the early stage of traumatic brain injury may inhibit caspase-3 cleavageHowever, the mechanism does not seem to be related to the improvement of MDA or GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Trabzon Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Basar Erdivanlı
- Department of Anestjesıology and Reamınatıon, Faculty of Medıcıne, Recep Tayyıp Erdogan Unıversıty
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avni Uydu
- Histology and Embryology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Şule Batcik
- Department of Anestjesıology and Reamınatıon, Faculty of Medıcıne, Recep Tayyıp Erdogan Unıversıty
| | - Abdullah Ozdemir
- Department of Anestjesıology and Reamınatıon, Faculty of Medıcıne, Recep Tayyıp Erdogan Unıversıty
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7
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Pasam T, Dandekar MP. Insights from Rodent Models for Improving Bench-to-Bedside Translation in Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:599-622. [PMID: 38427264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Road accidents, domestic falls, and persons associated with sports and military services exhibited the concussion or contusion type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that resulted in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In some instances, these complex neurological aberrations pose severe brain damage and devastating long-term neurological sequelae. Several preclinical (rat and mouse) TBI models simulate the clinical TBI endophenotypes. Moreover, many investigational neuroprotective candidates showed promising effects in these models; however, the therapeutic success of these screening candidates has been discouraging at various stages of clinical trials. Thus, a correct selection of screening model that recapitulates the clinical neurobiology and endophenotypes of concussion or contusion is essential. Herein, we summarize the advantages and caveats of different preclinical models adopted for TBI research. We suggest that an accurate selection of experimental TBI models may improve the translational viability of the investigational entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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8
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Safwat A, Helmy A, Gupta A. The Role of Substance P Within Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Therapy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1567-1583. [PMID: 37132595 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of the neuropeptide substance P within the neuroinflammation that follows traumatic brain injury. It examines it in reference to its preferential receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor, and explores the evidence for antagonism of this receptor in traumatic brain injury with therapeutic intent. Expression of substance P increases following traumatic brain injury. Subsequent binding to the neurokinin-1 receptor results in neurogenic inflammation, a cause of deleterious secondary effects that include an increased intracranial pressure and poor clinical outcome. In several animal models of TBI, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism has been shown to reduce brain edema and the resultant rise in intracranial pressure. A brief overview of the history of substance P is presented, alongside an exploration into the chemistry of the neuropeptide with a relevance to its functions within the central nervous system. This review summarizes the scientific and clinical rationale for substance P antagonism as a promising therapy for human TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Safwat
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Gupta
- Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Barker S, Paul BD, Pieper AA. Increased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1154. [PMID: 37189772 PMCID: PMC10135798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors frequently suffer from chronically progressive complications, including significantly increased risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease. As advances in neurocritical care increase the number of TBI survivors, the impact and awareness of this problem are growing. The mechanisms by which TBI increases the risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease, however, are not completely understood. As a result, there are no protective treatments for patients. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the epidemiology and potential mechanistic relationships between brain injury and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. In addition to increasing the risk for developing all forms of dementia, the most prominent aging-related neurodegenerative conditions that are accelerated by TBI are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with ALS and FTD being the least well-established. Mechanistic links between TBI and all forms of dementia that are reviewed include oxidative stress, dysregulated proteostasis, and neuroinflammation. Disease-specific mechanistic links with TBI that are reviewed include TAR DNA binding protein 43 and motor cortex lesions in ALS and FTD; alpha-synuclein, dopaminergic cell death, and synergistic toxin exposure in PD; and brain insulin resistance, amyloid beta pathology, and tau pathology in AD. While compelling mechanistic links have been identified, significantly expanded investigation in the field is needed to develop therapies to protect TBI survivors from the increased risk of aging-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barker
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Whitehead B, Velazquez-Cruz R, Albowaidey A, Zhang N, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Time- and Sex-Dependent Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Stroke Vulnerability. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:578-591. [PMID: 36322789 PMCID: PMC9986031 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) produces subtle cerebrovascular impairments that persist over time and promote increased ischemic stroke vulnerability. We recently established a role for vascular impairments in exacerbating stroke outcomes 1 week after TBI, but there is a lack of research regarding long-term impacts of mTBI-induced vascular dysfunction, as well as a significant need to understand how mTBI promotes stroke vulnerability in both males and females. Here, we present data using a mild closed head TBI model and an experimental stroke occurring either 7 or 28 days later in both male and female mice. We report that mTBI induces larger stroke volumes 7 days after injury, however, this increased vulnerability to stroke persists out to 28 days in female but not male mice. Importantly, mTBI-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, intravascular coagulation, angiogenic factors, total vascular area, and glial expression were differentially altered across time and by sex. Taken together, these data suggest that mTBI can result in persistent cerebrovascular dysfunction and increased susceptibility to worsened ischemic outcomes, although these dysfunctions occur differently in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ali Albowaidey
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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11
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Dodd WS, Panther EJ, Pierre K, Hernandez JS, Patel D, Lucke-Wold B. Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Neurodegenerative Disease. TRAUMA CARE 2022; 2:510-522. [PMID: 36211982 PMCID: PMC9541088 DOI: 10.3390/traumacare2040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating event with severe long-term complications. TBI and its sequelae are one of the leading causes of death and disability in those under 50 years old. The full extent of secondary brain injury is still being intensely investigated; however, it is now clear that neurotrauma can incite chronic neurodegenerative processes. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, and many other neurodegenerative syndromes have all been associated with a history of traumatic brain injury. The complex nature of these pathologies can make clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment challenging. The goal of this review is to provide a concise appraisal of the literature with focus on emerging strategies to improve clinical outcomes. First, we review the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of neurotrauma-related neurodegeneration and discuss the clinical implications of this rapidly evolving field. Next, because clinical evaluation and neuroimaging are essential to the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases, we analyze the clinical investigations that are transforming these areas of research. Finally, we briefly review some of the preclinical therapies that have shown the most promise in improving outcomes after neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Dodd
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric J. Panther
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Pierre
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jairo S. Hernandez
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Devan Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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12
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A Mouse Model of Neurodegeneration Induced by Blade Penetrating Stab Wound to the Hippocampus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091365. [PMID: 36138848 PMCID: PMC9495452 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary To date, various animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been developed to investigate the cellular and molecular networks underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, and to examine the safeness and therapeutic efficacy of drugs. However, the commonly used animal TBI models usually have the weaknesses of low reproducibility and high mortality rates. In the present study, we created a mouse model of cognitive deficits induced by a blade penetrating stab wound to the hippocampus (HBSI). This model will contribute a better understanding of neurodegeneration and accelerate the translation of preclinical research to clinical applications. Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated with the later development of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases which are still incurable. Although various animal TBI models have been generated, they usually have weaknesses in standardization, survivability and/or reproducibility. In the present study, we investigated whether applying a blade penetrating stab wound to the hippocampus would create an animal model of cognitive deficits. Open-field, Morris water maze and Barnes maze tests were used to evaluate the animal behaviors. The immunofluorescence staining of NeuN, GFAP, IBA1, and TUNEL was conducted to analyze the changes in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, as well as cell death. Mice with a hippocampal blade stab injury (HBSI) displayed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and deficits in spatial learning and memory. These findings suggest that HBSI is an easy approach to generate a reliable in vivo model of TBI to capture hemorrhage, neuroinflammation, reactive gliosis, and neural death, as well as cognitive deficits observed in human patients.
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13
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Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092167. [PMID: 36140268 PMCID: PMC9496189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Any type of brain injury that transpires post-birth is referred to as Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). In general, ABI does not result from congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, or by brain trauma at birth. Although the human brain is protected from the external world by layers of tissues and bone, floating in nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it remains susceptible to harm and impairment. Brain damage resulting from ABI leads to changes in the normal neuronal tissue activity and/or structure in one or multiple areas of the brain, which can often affect normal brain functions. Impairment sustained from an ABI can last anywhere from days to a lifetime depending on the severity of the injury; however, many patients face trouble integrating themselves back into the community due to possible psychological and physiological outcomes. In this review, we discuss ABI pathologies, their types, and cellular mechanisms and summarize the therapeutic approaches for a better understanding of the subject and to create awareness among the public.
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14
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Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
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15
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Costa AC, Sousa MM. The Role of Spastin in Axon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934522. [PMID: 35865632 PMCID: PMC9294387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are essential for the establishment of polarity, growth, and transport. A mounting body of evidence shows that modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton by microtubule-associated proteins fine tunes key aspects of neuronal cell biology. In this respect, microtubule severing enzymes—spastin, katanin and fidgetin—a group of microtubule-associated proteins that bind to and generate internal breaks in the microtubule lattice, are emerging as key modulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton in different model systems. In this review, we provide an integrative view on the latest research demonstrating the key role of spastin in neurons, specifically in the context of axonal cell biology. We focus on the function of spastin in the regulation of microtubule organization, and axonal transport, that underlie its importance in the intricate control of axon growth, branching and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
| | - Monica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
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16
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Axonal injury is detected by βAPP immunohistochemistry in rapid death from head injury following road traffic collision. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1321-1339. [PMID: 35488928 PMCID: PMC9375765 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of βAPP caused by axonal injury is an active energy-dependent process thought to require blood circulation; therefore, it is closely related to the post-injury survival time. Currently, the earliest reported time at which axonal injury can be detected in post-mortem traumatic brain injury (TBI) tissue by βAPP (Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein) immunohistochemistry is 35 min. The aim of this study is to investigate whether βAPP staining for axonal injury can be detected in patients who died rapidly after TBI in road traffic collision (RTC), in a period of less than 30 min. We retrospectively studied thirty-seven patients (group 1) died very rapidly at the scene; evidenced by forensic assessment of injuries short survival, four patients died after a survival period of between 31 min and 12 h (group 2) and eight patients between 2 and 31 days (group 3). The brains were comprehensively examined and sampled at the time of the autopsy, and βAPP immunohistochemistry carried out on sections from a number of brain areas. βAPP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 35/37 brains in group 1, albeit with a low frequency and in a variable pattern, and with more intensity and frequency in all brains of group 2 and 7/8 brains from group 3, compared with no similar βAPP immunoreactivity in the control group. The results suggest axonal injury can be detected in those who died rapidly after RTC in a period of less than 30 min, which can help in the diagnosis of severe TBI with short survival time.
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17
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Juan SMA, Daglas M, Adlard P. Tau pathology, metal dyshomeostasis and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: an unexplored link paving the way for neurodegeneration. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:902-922. [PMID: 35293225 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI), commonly experienced by athletes and military personnel, causes changes in multiple intracellular pathways, one of which involves the tau protein. Tau phosphorylation plays a role in several neurodegenerative conditions including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repeated head trauma. There is now mounting evidence suggesting that tau phosphorylation may be regulated by metal ions (such as iron, zinc and copper), which themselves are implicated in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent work has also shown that a single TBI can result in age-dependent and region-specific modulation of metal ions. As such, this review explores the link between TBI, CTE, ageing and neurodegeneration with a specific focus on the involvement of (and interaction between) tau pathology and metal dyshomeostasis. The authors highlight that metal dyshomeostasis has yet to be investigated in the context of repeat head trauma or CTE. Given the evidence that metal dyshomeostasis contributes to the onset and/or progression of neurodegeneration, and that CTE itself is a neurodegenerative condition, this brings to light an uncharted link that should be explored. The development of adequate models of r-mTBI and/or CTE will be crucial in deepening our understanding of the pathological mechanisms that drive the clinical manifestations in these conditions and also in the development of effective therapeutics targeted towards slowing progressive neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M A Juan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3052;
| | - Maria Daglas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Paul Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
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18
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Stormezand GN, Doorduin J, Rakers SE, Spikman JM, van der Naalt J, García DV, van der Hoorn A, van der Weijden CWJ, Kremer BPH, Renken RJ, Dierckx RAJO. Imaging of neuroinflammation due to repetitive head injury in currently active kickboxers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3162-3172. [PMID: 35165788 PMCID: PMC9250484 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic traumatic encephalopathy refers to a neurodegenerative disease resulting from repetitive head injury of participants in contact sports. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of the disease. Limited knowledge is available regarding the neuroinflammatory consequences of repetitive head injury in currently active contact sports athletes. PET imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) allows quantification of microglial activation in vivo, a marker of neuroinflammation. Methods Eleven rank A kickboxers and 11 age-matched controls underwent TSPO PET using [11C]-PK11195, anatomical MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and neuropsychological testing. Relevant imaging parameters were derived and correlated with the outcomes of the neuropsychological testing. Results On a group level, no statistically significant differences were detected in non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) using PET. Individually, 3 kickboxers showed increased BPNDs in widespread regions of the brain without a correlation with other modalities. Increased FA was observed in the superior corona radiata bilaterally. DTI parameters in other regions did not differ between groups. Conclusion Despite negative results on a group level, individual results suggest that neuroinflammation may be present as a consequence of repetitive head injury in active kickboxers. Future studies using a longitudinal design may determine whether the observed TSPO upregulation is related to the future development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05715-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles N Stormezand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra E Rakers
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoba M Spikman
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris W J van der Weijden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berry P H Kremer
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Ye Z, Izadi A, Gurkoff GG, Rickerl K, Sharp F, Ander B, Bauer SZ, Lui A, Lyeth BG, Liu D. Combined Inhibition of Fyn and c-Src Protects Hippocampal Neurons and Improves Spatial Memory via ROCK after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:520-529. [PMID: 35109711 PMCID: PMC8978569 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that TBI and ventricular administration of thrombin caused hippocampal neuron loss and cognitive dysfunction via activation of Src family kinases (SFKs). Based on SFK localization in brain, we hypothesized SFK subtypes Fyn and c-Src as well as SFK downstream molecule Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) contribute to cell death and cognitive dysfunction after TBI. We administered nanoparticle wrapped siRNA-Fyn and siRNA-c-Src, or ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 to adult rats subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion (LFP) induced TBI. Spatial memory function was assessed from 12 to 16 days, and NeuN stained hippocampal neurons were assessed 16 days after TBI. The combination of siRNA-Fyn and siRNA-c-Src, but neither alone, prevented hippocampal neuron loss and spatial memory deficits after TBI. The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 also prevented hippocampal neuronal loss and spatial memory deficits after TBI. The data suggest that the combined actions of three kinases (Fyn, c-Src, ROCK) mediate hippocampal neuronal cell death and spatial memory deficits produced by LFP-TBI, and that inhibiting this pathway prevents the TBI-induced cell death and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouheng Ye
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis, California, United States;
| | - Ali Izadi
- University of California, Davis, Neurological Surgery, 1515 Newton Ct, Room 502, Davis, California, United States, 95618;
| | - Gene Gabriel Gurkoff
- University of California, Davis, Neurological Surgery, 1515 Newton Ct, Room 502, Davis, California, United States, 95618;
| | - Kaitlin Rickerl
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis, California, United States;
| | - Frank Sharp
- University of California Davis, MIND Institute, Davis, United States;
| | - Bradley Ander
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, Sacramento, California, United States;
| | - Sawyer Z Bauer
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis, California, United States;
| | - Austin Lui
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis, California, United States;
| | - Bruce G Lyeth
- U.C. Davis, Neurological Surgery, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, United States, 95616;
| | - DaZhi Liu
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis, California, United States;
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20
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Burns TF, Rajan R. Temporal activity patterns of layer II and IV rat barrel cortex neurons in healthy and injured conditions. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15155. [PMID: 35194970 PMCID: PMC8864447 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are known to encode information not just by how frequently they fire, but also at what times they fire. However, characterizations of temporal encoding in sensory cortices under conditions of health and injury are limited. Here we characterized and compared the stimulus-evoked activity of 1210 online-sorted units in layers II and IV of rat barrel cortex under healthy and diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) (caused by a weight-drop model) conditions across three timepoints post-injury: four days, two weeks, and eight weeks. Temporal activity patterns in the first 50 ms post-stimulus recording showed four categories of responses: no response or 1, 2, or 3 temporally-distinct response components, that is, periods of high unit activity separated by silence. The relative proportions of unit response categories were similar between layers II and IV in healthy conditions but not in early post-TBI conditions. For units with multiple response components, inter-component timings were reliable in healthy and late post-TBI conditions but disrupted by injury. Response component times typically shifted earlier with increasing stimulus intensity and this was more pronounced in layer IV than layer II. Surprisingly, injury caused a reversal of this trend and in the late post-TBI condition no stimulus intensity-dependence differences were observed between layers II and IV. We speculate this indicates a potential compensatory mechanism in response to injury. These results demonstrate how temporal encoding features maladapt or functionally recover differently in sensory cortex after TBI. Such maladaptation or functional recovery is layer-dependent, perhaps due to differences in thalamic input or local inhibitory neuronal makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Burns
- Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityVictoriaAustralia
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21
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van Alphen B, Stewart S, Iwanaszko M, Xu F, Li K, Rozenfeld S, Ramakrishnan A, Itoh TQ, Sisobhan S, Qin Z, Lear BC, Allada R. Glial immune-related pathways mediate effects of closed head traumatic brain injury on behavior and lethality in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001456. [PMID: 35081110 PMCID: PMC8791498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In traumatic brain injury (TBI), the initial injury phase is followed by a secondary phase that contributes to neurodegeneration, yet the mechanisms leading to neuropathology in vivo remain to be elucidated. To address this question, we developed a Drosophila head-specific model for TBI termed Drosophila Closed Head Injury (dCHI), where well-controlled, nonpenetrating strikes are delivered to the head of unanesthetized flies. This assay recapitulates many TBI phenotypes, including increased mortality, impaired motor control, fragmented sleep, and increased neuronal cell death. TBI results in significant changes in the transcriptome, including up-regulation of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To test the in vivo functional role of these changes, we examined TBI-dependent behavior and lethality in mutants of the master immune regulator NF-κB, important for AMP induction, and found that while sleep and motor function effects were reduced, lethality effects were enhanced. Similarly, loss of most AMP classes also renders flies susceptible to lethal TBI effects. These studies validate a new Drosophila TBI model and identify immune pathways as in vivo mediators of TBI effects. Traumatic brain injury in Drosophila causes sleep and motor impairments, as well as a strong activation of the innate immune response that is crucial for survival. This study leverages Drosophila as a model organism to reveal neuroprotective and neurotoxic injury mechanisms more quickly using high throughout approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Alphen
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel Stewart
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marta Iwanaszko
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine—Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fangke Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Keyin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sydney Rozenfeld
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anujaianthi Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Taichi Q. Itoh
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shiju Sisobhan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zuoheng Qin
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bridget C. Lear
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Allada
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Role of Creatine Supplementation in Conditions Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030529. [PMID: 35276888 PMCID: PMC8838971 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate (CrM) is one of the most widely used nutritional supplements among active individuals and athletes to improve high-intensity exercise performance and training adaptations. However, research suggests that CrM supplementation may also serve as a therapeutic tool in the management of some chronic and traumatic diseases. Creatine supplementation has been reported to improve high-energy phosphate availability as well as have antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-lactatic, and calcium-homoeostatic effects. These characteristics may have a direct impact on mitochondrion's survival and health particularly during stressful conditions such as ischemia and injury. This narrative review discusses current scientific evidence for use or supplemental CrM as a therapeutic agent during conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on this analysis, it appears that CrM supplementation may have a role in improving cellular bioenergetics in several mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, ischemic conditions, and injury pathology and thereby could provide therapeutic benefit in the management of these conditions. However, larger clinical trials are needed to explore these potential therapeutic applications before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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23
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Yu G, Zhang Y, Ning B. Reactive Astrocytes in Central Nervous System Injury: Subgroup and Potential Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:792764. [PMID: 35002629 PMCID: PMC8733560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.792764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury, which includes both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), is associated with irreversible loss of neurological function and high medical care costs. Currently, no effective treatment exists to improve the prognosis of patients. Astrocytes comprise the largest population of glial cells in the CNS and, with the advancements in the field of neurology, are increasingly recognized as having key functions in both the brain and the spinal cord. When stimulated by disease or injury, astrocytes become activated and undergo a series of changes, including alterations in gene expression, hypertrophy, the loss of inherent functions, and the acquisition of new ones. Studies have shown that astrocytes are highly heterogeneous with respect to their gene expression profiles, and this heterogeneity accounts for their observed context-dependent phenotypic diversity. In the inured CNS, activated astrocytes play a dual role both as regulators of neuroinflammation and in scar formation. Identifying the subpopulations of reactive astrocytes that exert beneficial or harmful effects will aid in deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying CNS injuries and ultimately provide a theoretical basis for the development of effective strategies for the treatment of associated conditions. Following CNS injury, as the disease progresses, astrocyte phenotypes undergo continuous changes. Although current research methods do not allow a comprehensive and accurate classification of astrocyte subpopulations in complex pathological contexts, they can nonetheless aid in understanding the roles of astrocytes in disease. In this review, after a brief introduction to the pathology of CNS injury, we summarize current knowledge regarding astrocyte activation following CNS injury, including: (a) the regulatory factors involved in this process; (b) the functions of different astrocyte subgroups based on the existing classification of astrocytes; and (c) attempts at astrocyte-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiLian Yu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Komoltsev IG, Tret'yakova LV, Frankevich SO, Shirobokova NI, Volkova AA, Butuzov AV, Novikova MR, Kvichansky AA, Moiseeva YV, Onufriev MV, Bolshakov AP, Gulyaeva NV. Neuroinflammatory Cytokine Response, Neuronal Death, and Microglial Proliferation in the Hippocampus of Rats During the Early Period After Lateral Fluid Percussion-Induced Traumatic Injury of the Neocortex. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1151-1167. [PMID: 34855115 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Time course of changes in neuroinflammatory processes in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus was studied during the early period after lateral fluid percussion-induced neocortical traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. In the ipsilateral hippocampus, neuroinflammation (increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines) was evident from day 1 after TBI and ceased by day 14, while in the contralateral hippocampus, it was mainly limited to the dorsal part on day 1. TBI induced an increase in hippocampal corticosterone level on day 3 bilaterally and an accumulation of Il1b on day 1 in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Activation of microglia was observed from day 7 in different hippocampal areas of both hemispheres. Neuronal cell loss was detected in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus on day 3 and extended to the contralateral hippocampus by day 7 after TBI. The data suggest that TBI results in distant hippocampal damage (delayed neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus and microglia proliferation in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus), the time course of this damage being different from that of the neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G Komoltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liya V Tret'yakova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan O Frankevich
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia I Shirobokova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Volkova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Butuzov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita R Novikova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kvichansky
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Moiseeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Onufriev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey P Bolshakov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia. .,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419, Moscow, Russia.
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Dalla Costa FA, Gibson TJ, Oliveira SEO, Gregory NG, Faucitano L, Dalla Costa OA. On-farm culling methods used for pigs. Anim Welf 2021. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.30.3.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The culling of injured and non-viable pigs (Sus scrofa) (neonate to breeding stock) is a routine and necessary procedure on most farms. Usually, pigs are culled using one of the following methods: blunt-force trauma (manual and mechanical), captive-bolt stunners, electrical stunning
and electrocution or carbon dioxide. Manual blunt-force trauma is one of the most widely used methods due to its low or absent operational and investment costs. However, as a method, it has serious limitations, which include the risk of incomplete concussion, pain, and distress. Manual blunt-force
trauma is also aesthetically unpleasant to operators and wider society. To address these issues there has been significant recent research into the development of alternatives to manual blunt-force trauma, these include: captive-bolt stunners, on-farm, gas-based controlled atmosphere systems,
low atmospheric pressure systems and electrical stunning. Some of these are currently in commercial use while others are still in the developmental phase. This review brings together the relevant research in this field, evaluating the methods in terms of mechanism of action (mechanical and
physiological), effectiveness and animal welfare.
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Joo H, Bae J, Park JW, Lee BJ, Lee BD, Bu Y. Modified Protocol to Enable the Study of Hemorrhage and Hematoma in a Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model. Front Neurol 2021; 12:717513. [PMID: 34650505 PMCID: PMC8505523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.717513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, many studies using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have presented results without presenting the pathophysiology of the injury-core itself or the temporal features of hemorrhage (Hrr). This might be owing to the removal of the injury-core during the histological procedure. We therefore developed a modified protocol to preserve the injury-core. The heads of mice were obtained after perfusion and were post-fixed. The brains were then harvested, retaining the ipsilateral skull bone; these were post-fixed again and sliced using a cryocut. To validate the utility of the procedure, the temporal pattern of Hrr depending on the impacting depth was analyzed. CCI-TBI was induced at the following depths: 1.5 mm (mild Hrr), 2.5 mm (moderate Hrr), and 3.5 mm (severe Hrr). A pharmacological study was also conducted using hemodynamic agents such as warfarin (2 mg/kg) and coagulation factor VIIa (Coa-VIIa, 1 mg/kg). The current protocol enabled the visual observation of the Hrr until 7 days. Hrr peaked at 1–3 days and then decreased to the normal range on the seventh day. It expanded from the affected cortex (mild) to the periphery of the hippocampus (moderate) and the brain ventricle (severe). Pharmacological studies showed that warfarin pre-treatment produced a massively increased Hrr, concurrent with the highest mortality rate and brain injury. Coa-VIIa reduced the side effects of warfarin. Therefore, these results suggest that the current method might be suitable to conduct studies on hemorrhage, hematoma, and the injury-core in experiments using the CCI-TBI mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Joo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Bae
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Dae Lee
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Marzano LAS, de Castro FLM, Machado CA, de Barros JLVM, Macedo E Cordeiro T, Simões E Silva AC, Teixeira AL, Silva de Miranda A. Potential Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3392-3419. [PMID: 34561977 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210923143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments for TBI's long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Macedo E Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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Traumatic brain injury biomarkers in pediatric patients: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:167-197. [PMID: 34170424 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of pediatric trauma death and disability worldwide. Recent studies have sought to identify biomarkers of TBI for the purpose of assessing functional outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the utility of TBI biomarkers in the pediatric population by summarizing recent findings in the medical literature. A total of 303 articles were retrieved from our search. An initial screening to remove duplicate studies yielded 162 articles. After excluding all articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 56 studies were gathered. Among the 56 studies, 36 analyzed serum biomarkers; 11, neuroimaging biomarkers; and 9, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Most studies assessed biomarkers in the serum, reflecting the feasibility of obtaining blood samples compared to obtaining CSF or performing neuroimaging. S100B was the most studied serum biomarker in TBI, followed by SNE and UCH-L1, whereas in CSF analysis, there was no unanimity. Among the different neuroimaging techniques employed, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was the most common, seemingly holding diagnostic power in the pediatric TBI clinical setting. The number of cross-sectional studies was similar to the number of longitudinal studies. Our data suggest that S100B measurement has high sensitivity and great promise in diagnosing pediatric TBI, ideally when associated with head CT examination and clinical decision protocols. Further large-scale longitudinal studies addressing TBI biomarkers in children are required to establish more accurate diagnostic protocols and prognostic tools.
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Zhao X, Liu S, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu G, Fan K, Ma J. Cathepsin C aggravates neuroinflammation via promoting production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in glial cells and neurons in a cryogenic brain lesion. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105107. [PMID: 34171415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemokines regulate infiltration of immune cells to brain in inflammation. Cathepsin C (CatC), a lysosomal protease, has been found to participate in neuroinflammation. However, how CatC affects chemokines expression in neuroinflammation triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CatC on chemokines and neuroinflammation in TBI. METHODS The present study used CatC knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) mice to generate cryogenic brain lesion model and determined effects of CatC on expression of chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL2 and infiltration of immune cells in acute and chronic phases of the lesion. Further, cellular sources of various chemokines were demonstrated in vitro. Values were compared with wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS The results found that 6 h after lesion, CatC expression,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression were strongly induced in the lesions; CCL2 and CXCL2 mRNA and protein expression were increased in CatC OE mice, while decreased in CatC KD mice. On the 3rd day after lesion, macrophages and neutrophils were mainly infiltrated to the lesions. Simultaneously, Iba-1+ cells in CatC OE mice were increased, while MPO + cells in CatC KD mice were decreased. In contrast, on the 28th day after lesion, a few lymphocytes were infiltrated surrounding new blood vessels. CatC OE mice showed larger volumes of scar areas, higher expression of CCL2,CXCL2,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and iNOS, as well as stronger GFAP+ and Iba-1+ signals, while CatC KD mice had reversed effects. No significant differences of CCL5 expression were found in various genotype mice. Further, in vitro study demonstrated CatC-induced expression of CCL2 were mainly derived from microglia and neurons, while CXCL2 derived from microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CatC aggravates neuroinflammation via promoting production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in glial cells and neurons in a cryogenic brain lesion, providing potential cellular and molecular targets for future intervention of TBI and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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D’Amico R, Trovato Salinaro A, Fusco R, Cordaro M, Impellizzeri D, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Lo Dico G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Siracusa R, Calabrese V. Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Molecular and Biochemical Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:898. [PMID: 34199629 PMCID: PMC8228340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem affecting the world. This condition results from the application of external physical force to the brain which leads to transient or permanent structural and functional impairments. TBI has been shown to be a risk factor for neurodegeneration which can lead to Parkinson's disease (PD) for example. In this study, we wanted to explore the development of PD-related pathology in the context of an experimental model of TBI and the potential ability of Coriolus versicolor and Hericium erinaceus to prevent neurodegenerative processes. Traumatic brain injury was induced in mice by controlled cortical impact. Behavioral tests were performed at various times: the animals were sacrificed 30 days after the impact and the brain was processed for Western blot and immunohistochemical analyzes. After the head injury, a significant decrease in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and the dopamine transporter in the substantia nigra was observed, as well as significant behavioral alterations that were instead restored following daily oral treatment with Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor. Furthermore, a strong increase in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress emerged in the vehicle groups. Treatment with Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor was able to prevent both the neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes typical of PD. This study suggests that PD-related molecular events may be triggered on TBI and that nutritional fungi such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor may be important in redox stress response mechanisms and neuroprotection, preventing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (G.L.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (G.L.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (G.L.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Lo Dico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (G.L.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (G.L.D.); (V.C.)
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Baker-Cook B, Torrey S, Widowski TM, Turner PV, Knezacek T, Nicholds J, Schwean-Lardner K. The efficacy of three on-farm euthanasia methods for broiler chickens throughout the production cycle. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:638-649. [PMID: 33908287 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1921109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. There is a need to humanely kill moribund or injured broiler birds on-farm with no reasonable chance of recovery. Two experiments evaluated the efficacy of three commercially applicable killing methods; manual cervical dislocation (CD), mechanical cervical dislocation with the Koechner Euthanising Device (KED) and a non-penetrative captive bolt device (Zephyr-EXL; ZEXL), at 7, 21 or 35 d of age, on their ability to induce insensibility (unconsciousness and loss of brain stem reflexes) and death.2. Experiment one assessed the damage to the cranial-cervical region resulting from the methods applied to cadavers of cull birds (n = 180) by radiography and gross pathology observation.3. Experiment two evaluated the latency to insensibility and death when cull broiler birds (n = 240) were killed by CD, KED or ZEXL, using behavioural and reflexive indicators. Insensibility and death were measured by the absence of pupillary light, palpebral blink and nictitating membrane reflexes and cessation of rhythmic breathing, cloacal winking and convulsions. Analysis of variance for the main effect of the method was performed to determine the differences.4. In experiment one, only the Zephyr resulted in skull fractures. A higher number of vertebral fractures occurred with KED application compared to CD, at 21 and 35 d.5. In experiment two, indicators of sensibility were absent earliest with the ZEXL (μ < 2 s); then,CD (μ = 28 s) and were longest with KED (μ = 47 s), at 21 and 35 d. Cloacal winking and convulsions ceased earlier after CD (88 s), compared to either KED (124 s) or Zephyr (118 s). Death after a single application occurred 100%, 100% and 98% of time for CD, KED and ZEXL, respectively.6. Overall, all methods were efficacious at inducing insensibility and death. Insensibility occurred earliest with ZEXL, whilst death occurred earliest with CD. KED resulted in the longest time to insensibility and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baker-Cook
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan College of Agriculture and Bioresources, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Torrey
- Campbell Centre for Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - T M Widowski
- Campbell Centre for Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - P V Turner
- Dept of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Knezacek
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan College of Agriculture and Bioresources, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Nicholds
- Poultry Diagnostics and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K Schwean-Lardner
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan College of Agriculture and Bioresources, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Shi W, Dong P, Kuss MA, Gu L, Kievit F, Kim HJ, Duan B. Design and Evaluation of an In Vitro Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Modeling System Using 3D Printed Mini Impact Device on the 3D Cultured Human iPSC Derived Neural Progenitor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100180. [PMID: 33890428 PMCID: PMC8222191 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in understanding the disease mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI), promising preclinical therapeutics have seldom been translated into successful clinical outcomes, partially because the model animals have physiological and functional differences in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to humans. Human relevant models are thus urgently required. Here, an in vitro mild TBI (mTBI) modeling system is reported based on 3D cultured human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) to evaluate consequences of single and repetitive mTBI using a 3D printed mini weight-drop impact device. Computational simulation is performed to understand the single/cumulative effects of weight-drop impact on the NPC differentiated neurospheres. Experimental results reveal that neurospheres show reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation after repetitive (10 hits) mild impacts, while no astrocyte activation is found after one or two mild impacts. A 3D co-culture model of human microglia cells with neurospheres is further developed. It is found that astrocyte response is promoted even after two mild impacts, possibly caused by the chronic neuroinflammation after microglia activation. The in vitro mTBI modeling system recapitulates several hallmarks of the brain impact injury and might serve as a good platform for future drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Mitchell A Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Linxia Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Forrest Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective The aims of this study were to investigate changes in regional brain volume after concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and to examine the relationship between change in brain volume and cognitive deficits. Design Twenty-eight patients with mild traumatic brain injury and 27 age-matched controls were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (3 T) data were obtained from the participants. Structural brain volume changes were examined using tensor-based morphometry, which identifies regional structural differences in the whole brain, including cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter. Volume contraction and expansion were compared between groups using a two-sample t test. The association between time post-injury or neurocognitive function and volumetric changes was examined using regression analysis. Results Individuals with mild traumatic brain injury exhibited volume reduction in the brainstem, including the pontine reticular formation. Regional cerebral volume changes were not associated with time post-injury but were significantly associated with neurocognitive function, especially with executive card sorting test, forward digit span test, and performance on verbal learning test. The greater regional cerebral volume was associated with better cognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury. Conclusion Decreased brainstem volume may indicate its vulnerability to traumatic injury, and cerebral volume in specific regions was positively associated with patients’ cognitive function after injury.
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Dumitru I, Zorilă MV, Ţolescu RŞ, Racilă L, Pascu CI, Oprica AC, Burghilă DV, Matei L, Vîlcea EJ, Popescu C, Badea-Voiculescu O, Mogoantă L. Experimental model for the study of traumatic brain injury. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:729-737. [PMID: 33817714 PMCID: PMC8112795 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a public healthcare problem and a major economic burden, all over the world. It is estimated that every year, on the globe, there occur about two million severe TBI and over 42 million mild TBI. The main causes of TBI in civil population are fallings, followed by car accidents. In the last decades, the accelerated development of car industry and the poor development of traffic infrastructure in low- and average-income countries led to an increasing number of brain injuries, this becoming a major problem for medical health systems. According to some studies, approximately 1.35 million people die every year because of car accidents. In the last four decades, these types of injuries started to be studied in order to understand the lesion mechanisms for developing new safety equipment that may be installed on vehicles. The device presented by us for causing a TBI in a lab rat (mechanical pendulum) allows the performance of several major types of TBI, according to the kinetic energy, exposure area, contact surface, etc. The impact energies obtained by the device we presented may vary on a large scale, from less than 1 J up to 10 J, according to its weight, launching angle and impact head shape, thus being obtained minor, moderate or severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilie Dumitru
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;
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Spatial calcium kinetics after a traumatic brain injury. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1413-1430. [PMID: 33772677 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate modelling of intracellular calcium ion ([Formula: see text]) concentration evolution is valuable as it is known to rapidly increase during a Traumatic Brain Injury. In the work presented here, our older non-spatial model dealing with the effect of mechanical stress upon the [Formula: see text] transportation in a neuron is spatialized by considering the brain tissue as a solid continuum with the [Formula: see text] activity occurring at every material point. Starting with one-dimensional representation, the brain tissue geometry is progressively made realistic and under the action of pressure or kinematic impulses, the effect of dimensionality and material behaviour on the correlation between the stress and concomitant [Formula: see text] concentration is investigated. The spatial calcium kinetics model faithfully captures the experimental observations concerning the [Formula: see text] concentration, load rate, magnitude and duration and most importantly shows that the critical location for primary injury may not be the most important location as far as secondary injury is concerned.
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Russo S, Pigorini A, Mikulan E, Sarasso S, Rubino A, Zauli FM, Parmigiani S, d'Orio P, Cattani A, Francione S, Tassi L, Bassetti CLA, Lo Russo G, Nobili L, Sartori I, Massimini M. Focal lesions induce large-scale percolation of sleep-like intracerebral activity in awake humans. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117964. [PMID: 33771696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical lesions are known to result in large-scale functional alterations involving distant areas; however, little is known about the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these network effects. Here, we addressed this issue by analysing the short and long distance intracranial effects of controlled structural lesions in humans. The changes in Stereo-Electroencephalographic (SEEG) activity after Radiofrequency-Thermocoagulation (RFTC) recorded in 21 epileptic subjects were assessed with respect to baseline resting wakefulness and sleep activity. In addition, Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potentials (CCEPs) recorded before the lesion were employed to interpret these changes with respect to individual long-range connectivity patterns. We found that small structural ablations lead to the generation and large-scale propagation of sleep-like slow waves within the awake brain. These slow waves match those recorded in the same subjects during sleep, are prevalent in perilesional areas, but can percolate up to distances of 60 mm through specific long-range connections, as predicted by CCEPs. Given the known impact of slow waves on information processing and cortical plasticity, demonstrating their intrusion and percolation within the awake brain add key elements to our understanding of network dysfunction after cortical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Pigorini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Mikulan
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Sarasso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rubino
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - F M Zauli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Parmigiani
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P d'Orio
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, via Volturno 39E, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - A Cattani
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - S Francione
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - L Tassi
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - C L A Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Lo Russo
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - L Nobili
- Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova 16147, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Sartori
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - M Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy; Azrieli Program in Brain, Mind and Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.
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37
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Dolenec P, Pilipović K, Janković T, Župan G. Pattern of Neuronal and Axonal Damage, Glial Response, and Synaptic Changes in Rat Cerebellum within the First Week following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:1163-1182. [PMID: 33057716 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined damage and repair processes in the rat cerebellum within the first week following moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) over the left parietal cortex. Rats were killed 1, 3, or 7 days after the injury or sham procedure. Fluoro-Jade B staining revealed 2 phases of neurodegenerative changes in the cell bodies and fibers: first, more focal, 1 day after the LFPI, and second, widespread, starting on post-injury day 3. Purkinje cell loss was detected in posterior lobule IX 1 day following LFPI. Apoptosis was observed in the cerebellar cortex, on days 1 and 7 following LFPI, and was not caspase- or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-mediated. AIF immunostaining indicated axonal damage in the cerebellar white matter tracts 3- and 7-days post-injury. Significant astrocytosis and microgliosis were noticed on day 7 following LFPI at the sites of neuronal damage and loss. Immunohistochemical labeling with the presynaptic markers synaptophysin and growth-associated protein-43 revealed synaptic perturbations already on day 1 that were more pronounced at later time points following LFPI. These results provide new insights into pathophysiological alterations in the cerebellum and their mechanisms following cerebral TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dolenec
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pilipović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Janković
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordana Župan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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38
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Grassi DC, Zaninotto AL, Feltrin FS, Macruz FBC, Otaduy MCG, Leite CC, Guirado VMP, Paiva WS, Santos Andrade C. Dynamic changes in white matter following traumatic brain injury and how diffuse axonal injury relates to cognitive domain. Brain Inj 2021; 35:275-284. [PMID: 33507820 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1859615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The goal is to evaluate longitudinally with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) the integrity of cerebral white matter in patients with moderate and severe DAI and to correlate the DTI findings with cognitive deficits.Methods: Patients with DAI (n = 20) were scanned at three timepoints (2, 6 and 12 months) after trauma. A healthy control group (n = 20) was evaluated once with the same high-field MRI scanner. The corpus callosum (CC) and the bilateral superior longitudinal fascicles (SLFs) were assessed by deterministic tractography with ExploreDTI. A neuropschychological evaluation was also performed.Results: The CC and both SLFs demonstrated various microstructural abnormalities in between-groups comparisons. All DTI parameters demonstrated changes across time in the body of the CC, while FA (fractional anisotropy) increases were seen on both SLFs. In the splenium of the CC, progressive changes in the mean diffusivity (MD) and axial diffusivity (AD) were also observed. There was an improvement in attention and memory along time. Remarkably, DTI parameters demonstrated several correlations with the cognitive domains.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that microstructural changes in the white matter are dynamic and may be detectable by DTI throughout the first year after trauma. Likewise, patients also demonstrated improvement in some cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphine Centola Grassi
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 44, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Professions (MGHIHP), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Stewan Feltrin
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 44, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fabíola Bezerra Carvalho Macruz
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 44, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Concepción García Otaduy
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 44, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Costa Leite
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 44, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celi Santos Andrade
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 44, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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39
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Antrobus MR, Brazier J, Stebbings GK, Day SH, Heffernan SM, Kilduff LP, Erskine RM, Williams AG. Genetic Factors That Could Affect Concussion Risk in Elite Rugby. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:19. [PMID: 33499151 PMCID: PMC7910946 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite rugby league and union have some of the highest reported rates of concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) in professional sport due in part to their full-contact high-velocity collision-based nature. Currently, concussions are the most commonly reported match injury during the tackle for both the ball carrier and the tackler (8-28 concussions per 1000 player match hours) and reports exist of reduced cognitive function and long-term health consequences that can end a playing career and produce continued ill health. Concussion is a complex phenotype, influenced by environmental factors and an individual's genetic predisposition. This article reviews concussion incidence within elite rugby and addresses the biomechanics and pathophysiology of concussion and how genetic predisposition may influence incidence, severity and outcome. Associations have been reported between a variety of genetic variants and traumatic brain injury. However, little effort has been devoted to the study of genetic associations with concussion within elite rugby players. Due to a growing understanding of the molecular characteristics underpinning the pathophysiology of concussion, investigating genetic variation within elite rugby is a viable and worthy proposition. Therefore, we propose from this review that several genetic variants within or near candidate genes of interest, namely APOE, MAPT, IL6R, COMT, SLC6A4, 5-HTTLPR, DRD2, DRD4, ANKK1, BDNF and GRIN2A, warrant further study within elite rugby and other sports involving high-velocity collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Antrobus
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Jon Brazier
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Stephen H. Day
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Shane M. Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (S.M.H.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Liam P. Kilduff
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (S.M.H.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Robert M. Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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40
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Faroqi AH, Lim MJ, Kee EC, Lee JH, Burgess JD, Chen R, Di Virgilio F, Delenclos M, McLean PJ. In Vivo Detection of Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:655-664. [PMID: 32935624 PMCID: PMC7898407 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is traditionally characterized by primary and secondary injury phases, both contributing to pathological and morphological changes. The mechanisms of damage and chronic consequences of TBI remain to be fully elucidated, but synaptic homeostasis disturbances and impaired energy metabolism are proposed to be a major contributor. It has been proposed that an increase of extracellular (eATP) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the area immediately surrounding impact may play a pivotal role in this sequence of events. After tissue injury, rupture of cell membranes allows release of intracellular ATP into the extracellular space, triggering a cascade of toxic events and inflammation. ATP is a ubiquitous messenger; however, simple and reliable techniques to measure its concentration have proven elusive. Here, we integrate a sensitive bioluminescent eATP sensor known as pmeLUC, with a controlled cortical impact mouse model to monitor eATP changes in a living animal after injury. Using the pmeLUC probe, a rapid increase of eATP is observed proximal to the point of impact within minutes of the injury. This event is significantly attenuated when animals are pretreated with an ATP hydrolyzing agent (apyrase) before surgery, confirming the contribution of eATP. This new eATP reporter could be useful for understanding the role of eATP in the pathogenesis in TBI and may identify a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Melina J Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Emma C Kee
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jannifer H Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ridong Chen
- APT Therapeutics, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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41
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Venditti A, Bianco A. Sulfur-containing Secondary Metabolites as Neuroprotective Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4421-4436. [PMID: 30207214 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180912105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing secondary metabolites are a relatively small group of substances of plant origin. The present review is focused on their neuroprotective properties. The results obtained in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies are reported. Among glucosinolates, the wide class of compounds in the sulfur-containing metabolites, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane and isothiocyanates proved to be the more studied in this context and showed interesting properties as modulators of several systems involved in the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases such as oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Allium sativum L. (garlic) is widely known for its sulfur-containing components endowed with health-promoting activities and its medicinal properties are known from ancient times. In recent studies, garlic components proved active in neuroprotection due to the direct and indirect antioxidant properties, modulation of apoptosis mediators and inhibiting the formation of amyloid protein. Dihydroasparagusic acid, the first dimercaptanic compound isolated from a natural source, effectively inhibited inflammatory and oxidative processes that are important factors for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, not only for its antioxidant and radical scavenging properties but also because it may down-regulate the expression of several microglial-derived inflammatory mediators. Serofendic acid represents a rare case of sulfur-containing animal-derived secondary metabolite isolated from fetal calf serum extract. It proved effective in the suppression of ROS generation and in the expression of several inflammatory and apoptosis mediators and showed a cytotrophic property in astrocytes, promoting the stellation process. Lastly, the properties of hydrogen sulfide were also reported since in recent times it has been recognized as a signaling molecule and as a mediator in regulating neuron death or survival. It may be produced endogenously from cysteine but may also be released by sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, mainly from those present in garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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42
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Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Kempuraj D, Raikwar SP, Thangavel R, Bazley K, Wu K, Khan O, Khan A, Zaheer S, Iyer S, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Glia Maturation Factor (GMF) Regulates Microglial Expression Phenotypes and the Associated Neurological Deficits in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4438-4450. [PMID: 32737763 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces inflammatory responses through microglial activation and polarization towards a more inflammatory state that contributes to the deleterious secondary brain injury. Glia maturation factor (GMF) is a pro-inflammatory protein that is responsible for neuroinflammation following insult to the brain, such as in TBI. We hypothesized that the absence of GMF in GMF-knockout (GMF-KO) mice would regulate microglial activation state and the M1/M2 phenotypes following TBI. We used the weight drop model of TBI in C57BL/6 mice wild-type (WT) and GMF-KO mice. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, and ELISA assays were performed to confirm TBI-induced histopathological and neuroinflammatory changes. Behavioral analysis was done to check motor coordination ability and cognitive function. We demonstrated that the deletion of GMF in GMF-KO mice significantly limited lesion volume, attenuated neuronal loss, inhibited gliosis, and activated microglia adopted predominantly anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Using an ELISA method, we found a gradual decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in GMF-KO mice compared with WT mice, thus, promoting the transition of microglia towards a more predominantly anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. GMF-KO mice showed significant improvement in motor ability, memory, and cognition. Overall, our results demonstrate that GMF deficiency regulates microglial polarization, which ameliorates neuronal injury and behavioral impairments following TBI in mice and concludes that GMF is a regulator of neuroinflammation and an ideal therapeutic target for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kieran Bazley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kristopher Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Osaid Khan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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43
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Neary JP, Singh J, Christiansen JP, Teckchandani TA, Potter KL. Causal Link between Ventricular Ectopy and Concussion. Case Rep Med 2020; 2020:7154120. [PMID: 32565823 PMCID: PMC7292985 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7154120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a unique case study report of a male individual with a history of mild nonischaemic cardiomyopathy, with no ventricular ectopy, that at the age of 76 years sustained multiple concussions (i.e., mild traumatic brain injury) within a week of each other. Concussion symptoms included cognitive difficulties, "not feeling well," lethargy, fatigue, and signs of depression. He was later medically diagnosed with postconcussion syndrome. The patient, WJT, was referred for cardiac and neurological assessment. Structural neuroimaging of the brain (MRI) was unremarkable, but electrocardiography (ECG) assessments using a 24-hour Holter monitor revealed significant incidence of ventricular ectopy (9.4%; 9,350/99,836 beats) over a period of 5-6 months after injury and then a further increase in ventricular ectopy to 18% (15,968/88,189 beats) during the subsequent 3 months. The patient was then prescribed Amiodarone 200 mg, and his ventricular ectopy and concussion symptoms completely resolved simultaneously within days. To the authors' knowledge, our study is the first to show a direct link between observable and documented cardiac dysregulation and concussion symptomology. Our study has important implications for both cardiac patients and the patients that sustain a concussion, and if medically managed with appropriate pharmacological intervention, it can reverse ventricular ectopy and concussion symptomology. More research is warranted to investigate the mechanisms for this dramatic and remarkable change in cardiac and cerebral functions and to further explore the brain-heart interaction and the intricate autonomic interaction that exists between the extrinsic and intracardiac nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Neary
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jyotpal Singh
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jonathan P. Christiansen
- University of Auckland, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Taylor A. Teckchandani
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Kirsty L. Potter
- Waitemata Cardiology, 181 Shakespeare Road, Milford, Auckland 0620, New Zealand
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44
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Delic V, Beck KD, Pang KCH, Citron BA. Biological links between traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:45. [PMID: 32264976 PMCID: PMC7137235 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Clinical presentation is characterized by postural instability, resting tremors, and gait problems that result from progressive loss of A9 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been implicated as a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases, but the strongest evidence is linked to development of PD. Mild TBI (mTBI), is the most common and is defined by minimal, if any, loss of consciousness and the absence of significant observable damage to the brain tissue. mTBI is responsible for a 56% higher risk of developing PD in U.S. Veterans and the risk increases with severity of injury. While the mounting evidence from human studies suggests a link between TBI and PD, fundamental questions as to whether TBI nucleates PD pathology or accelerates PD pathology in vulnerable populations remains unanswered. Several promising lines of research point to inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and protein accumulation as potential mechanisms through which TBI can initiate or accelerate PD. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), alpha synuclein (α-syn), hyper-phosphorylated Tau, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), are some of the most frequently reported proteins upregulated following a TBI and are also closely linked to PD. Recently, upregulation of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2), has been found in the brain of mice following a TBI. Subset of Rab proteins were identified as biological substrates of LRRK2, a protein also extensively linked to late onset PD. Inhibition of LRRK2 was found to be neuroprotective in PD and TBI models. The goal of this review is to survey current literature concerning the mechanistic overlap between TBI and PD with a particular focus on inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and aforementioned proteins. This review will also cover the application of rodent TBI models to further our understanding of the relationship between TBI and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedad Delic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development (Mailstop 15), 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.
- NeuroBehavioral Research Laboratory, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development (Mailstop 15), 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.
| | - Kevin D Beck
- NeuroBehavioral Research Laboratory, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development (Mailstop 15), 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Kevin C H Pang
- NeuroBehavioral Research Laboratory, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development (Mailstop 15), 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research and Development (Mailstop 15), 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Jakaria M, Thangapandiyan S, Ahmad J, Rahman MA, Mathew B, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L. Emerging promise of sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 signaling cascade against neurological disorders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135624. [PMID: 31784171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent a great challenge and are the leading cause of death and disability globally. Although numerous complicated mechanisms are involved in the progressions of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders, most of the diseases share mutual pathogenic features such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neuronal damage, all of these are the common targets of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling cascade. No cure has yet been discovered to tackle these disorders, so, intervention approaches targeting phytochemicals have been recommended as an alternative form of treatment. Sulforaphane is a sulfur-rich dietary phytochemical which has several activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor via multiple targets and various mechanisms. Given its numerous actions, sulforaphane has drawn considerable attention for neurological disorders in recent years. Nrf2 is one of the most crucial targets of sulforaphane which has potential in regulating the series of cytoprotective enzyme expressions that have neuroprotective, antioxidative, and detoxification actions. Neurological disorders are auspicious candidates for Nrf2-targeted treatment strategy. Sulforaphane protects various neurological disorders by regulating the Nrf2 pathway. In this article, we recapitulate current studies of sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 activation in the treatment of various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jakaria
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.
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46
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Delaney SL, Gendreau JL, D'Souza M, Feng AY, Ho AL. Optogenetic Modulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:187-197. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Austin Y. Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
| | - Allen L. Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
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Malekahmadi M, Moradi Moghaddam O, Islam SMS, Tanha K, Nematy M, Pahlavani N, Firouzi S, Zali MR, Norouzy A. Evaluation of the effects of pycnogenol (French maritime pine bark extract) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and nutritional and clinical status in traumatic brain injury patients in an intensive care unit: A randomized clinical trial protocol. Trials 2020; 21:162. [PMID: 32046747 PMCID: PMC7014642 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-4008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major health and socioeconomic problems in the world. Immune-enhancing enteral formula has been proven to significantly reduce infection rate in TBI patients. One of the ingredients that can be used in immunonutrition formulas to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress is pycnogenol. Objective The objective of this work is to survey the effect of pycnogenol on the clinical, nutritional, and inflammatory status of TBI patients. Methods This is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Block randomization will be used. An intervention group will receive pycnogenol supplementation of 150 mg for 10 days and a control group will receive a placebo for the same duration. Inflammatory status (IL-6, IL- 1β, C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress status (malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity), at the baseline, at the 5th day, and at the end of the study (10th day) will be measured. Clinical and nutritional status will be assessed three times during the intervention. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) questionnaire for assessment of organ failure will be filled out every other day. The mortality rate will be calculated within 28 days of the start of the intervention. Weight, body mass index, and body composition will be measured. All analyses will be conducted by an initially assigned study arm in an intention-to-treat analysis. Discussion We expect that supplementation of 150 mg pycnogenol for 10 days will improve clinical and nutritional status and reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress of the TBI patients. Trial registration This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ref: NCT03777683) at 12/13/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar St, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Moradi Moghaddam
- Trauma and Injury Research Center, Critical Care Department, Rasoul-e-Akram Complex Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kiarash Tanha
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar St, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar St, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Firouzi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar St, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Behbood Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar St, Mashhad, Iran. .,Behbood Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tehran, Iran.
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Ben Shimon M, Shavit-Stein E, Altman K, Pick CG, Maggio N. Thrombin as Key Mediator of Seizure Development Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1532. [PMID: 32009953 PMCID: PMC6971217 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly leads to development of seizures, accounting for approximately 20% of newly diagnosed epilepsy. Despite the high clinical significance, the mechanisms underlying the development of posttraumatic seizures (PTS) remain unclear, compromising appropriate management of these patients. Accumulating evidence suggest that thrombin, the main serine protease of the coagulation cascade, is involved in PTS genesis by mediating inflammation and hyperexcitability following blood brain barrier breakdown. In order to further understand the role of thrombin in PTS, we generated a combined mild TBI (mTBI) and status epilepticus mice model, by injecting pilocarpine to mice previously submitted to head injury. Interestingly, mTBI was able to reduce seizure onset in the pilocarpine animal model as well as increase the death rate in the treated animals. In turn, pilocarpine worsened spatial orientation of mTBI treated mice. Finally, thrombin activity as well as the expression of IL1-β and TNF-α was significantly increased in the mTBI-pilocarpine treated animals. In conclusion, these observations indicate a synergism between thrombin and mTBI in lowering seizure in the pilocarpine model and possibly aggravating inflammation. We believe that these results will improve the understanding of PTS pathophysiology and contribute to the development of more targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ben Shimon
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Altman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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49
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Coakley S, Ritchie FK, Galbraith KM, Hilliard MA. Epidermal control of axonal attachment via β-spectrin and the GTPase-activating protein TBC-10 prevents axonal degeneration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:133. [PMID: 31919407 PMCID: PMC6952388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are subjected to strain due to body movement and their location within organs and tissues. However, how they withstand these forces over the lifetime of an organism is still poorly understood. Here, focusing on touch receptor neuron-epidermis interactions using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we show that UNC-70/β-spectrin and TBC-10, a conserved GTPase-activating protein, function non-cell-autonomously within the epidermis to dynamically maintain attachment of the axon. We reveal that, in response to strain, UNC-70/β-spectrin and TBC-10 stabilize trans-epidermal hemidesmosome attachment structures which otherwise become lost, causing axonal breakage and degeneration. Furthermore, we show that TBC-10 regulates axonal attachment and maintenance by inactivating RAB-35, and reveal functional conservation of these molecules with their vertebrate orthologs. Finally, we demonstrate that β-spectrin functions in this context non-cell-autonomously. We propose a model in which mechanically resistant epidermal attachment structures are maintained by UNC-70/β-spectrin and TBC-10 during movement, preventing axonal detachment and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Coakley
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Fiona K Ritchie
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kate M Galbraith
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Massimo A Hilliard
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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50
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Electrophysiological Markers of Visuospatial Attention Recovery after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120343. [PMID: 31783501 PMCID: PMC6956036 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Attentional problems are amongst the most commonly reported complaints following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including difficulties orienting and disengaging attention, sustaining it over time, and dividing attentional resources across multiple simultaneous demands. The objective of this study was to track, using a single novel electrophysiological task, various components associated with the deployment of visuospatial selective attention. Methods: A paradigm was designed to evoke earlier visual evoked potentials (VEPs), as well as attention-related and visuocognitive ERPs. Data from 36 individuals with mTBI (19 subacute, 17 chronic) and 22 uninjured controls are presented. Postconcussion symptoms (PCS), anxiety (BAI), depression (BDI-II) and visual attention (TEA Map Search, DKEFS Trail Making Test) were also assessed. Results: Earlier VEPs (P1, N1), as well as processes related to visuospatial orientation (N2pc) and encoding in visual short-term memory (SPCN), appear comparable in mTBI and control participants. However, there appears to be a disruption in the spatiotemporal dynamics of attention (N2pc-Ptc, P2) in subacute mTBI, which recovers within six months. This is also reflected in altered neuropsychological performance (information processing speed, attentional shifting). Furthermore, orientation of attention (P3a) and working memory processes (P3b) are also affected and remain as such in the chronic post-mTBI period, in co-occurrence with persisting postconcussion symptomatology. Conclusions: This study adds original findings indicating that such a sensitive and rigorous ERP task implemented at diagnostic and follow-up levels could allow for the identification of subtle but complex brain activation and connectivity deficits that can occur following mTBI.
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