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Ali AO, Awla HK, Rashid TS. Investigating the in vivo biocontrol and growth-promoting efficacy of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens against olive knot disease. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106645. [PMID: 38631412 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Olive knot disease, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi, poses a significant threat to olive cultivation, necessitating sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical control. This study investigates the biocontrol effectiveness of Bacillus sp. (Og2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Oq5), alone and combined, against olive knot disease. Olive plants were sprayed with 5 ml of the bacteria until uniformly wet, with additional application to the soil surface. Pathogen injection occurred 24 h later. The results revealed that treating plants with a combination of both bacteria provided the highest reduction in disease severity (89.58 %), followed by P. fluorescens alone (69.38 %). Significant improvements were observed in shoot height, particularly with the combination of Bacillus sp. and P. fluorescens. The root length of olive seedlings treated with P. fluorescens and Bacillus sp., either alone or in combination, was significantly longer compared to the control and pathogen-treated seedlings. In terms of root dry weight, the most effective treatments were treated with P. fluorescens was the highest (82.94 g) among all treatments followed by the combination of both isolates with seedlings inoculated with P. savastanoi. These findings underscore the potential of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens as effective biocontrol agents against olive knot disease and promoting olive seedlings growth, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Omer Ali
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Tavga Sulaiman Rashid
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.
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2
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Meng J, Zan F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Qin C, Hao L, Wang Z, Wang L, Liu D, Liang S, Li H, Li H, Ding S. Genomics Analysis Reveals the Potential Biocontrol Mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa QY43 against Fusarium pseudograminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:298. [PMID: 38667969 PMCID: PMC11050789 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat is a prevalent soil-borne disease worldwide and poses a significant threat to the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China, with F. pseudograminearum being the dominant pathogen. Currently, there is a shortage of biocontrol resources to control FCR induced by F. pseudograminearum, along with biocontrol mechanisms. In this study, we have identified 37 strains of biocontrol bacteria displaying antagonistic effects against F. pseudograminearum from over 8000 single colonies isolated from soil samples with a high incidence of FCR. Among them, QY43 exhibited remarkable efficacy in controlling FCR. Further analysis identified the isolate QY43 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on its colony morphology and molecular biology. In vitro, QY43 significantly inhibited the growth, conidial germination, and the pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. In addition, QY43 exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities against several plant pathogens. The genomics analysis revealed that there are genes encoding potential biocontrol factors in the genome of QY43. The experimental results confirmed that QY43 secretes biocontrol factor siderophores and pyocyanin. In summary, QY43 exhibits a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities and the capacity to produce diverse biocontrol factors, thereby showing substantial potential for biocontrol applications to plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Feifei Zan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Zheran Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Cancan Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Lingjun Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhifang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Shen Liang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Shengli Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Xiang S, Zhang X, Cao Z, Peng S, Xu J, Huang Q, Huang J, Xu C, Sun X. Comparing the antibacterial activity of chitin nanocrystals with chitin: exploring the feasibility of chitin nanocrystals as novel pesticide nanocarriers in agriculture. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1076-1086. [PMID: 37847147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, nanomaterials-based pesticide carriers have garnered significant attention and sparked extensive research. However, most studies have primarily focused on investigating the impact of physical properties of nanomaterials, such as size and modifiable sites, on drug delivery efficiency of nano-pesticides. The limited exploration of biologically active nanomaterials poses a significant obstacle to the advancement and widespread adoption of nano-pesticides. In this study, we prepared chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) based on acid hydrolysis and systematically investigated the differences between nano- and normal chitin against plant bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). The primary objective was to seek out nanocarriers with heightened biological activity for the synthesis of nano-pesticides. RESULTS Zeta potential analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified the successful synthesis of ChNC. ChNC showcased remarkable bactericidal activity at comparable concentrations, surpassing that of chitin, particularly in its ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Furthermore, ChNC displayed heightened effectiveness in disrupting bacterial cell membranes, resulting in the leakage of bacterial cell contents, structural DNA damage, and impairment of DNA replication. Lastly, potting experiments revealed that ChNC is notably more effective in inhibiting the spread and propagation of bacteria on plant leaves. CONCLUSION ChNC exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to chitin, enabling efficient control of plant bacterial diseases through enhanced interaction with bacteria. These findings offer compelling evidence of ChNC's superior bacterial inhibition capabilities, underscoring its potential as a promising nanocarrier for nano-pesticide research. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyun Xu
- Energy College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Qianqiao Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Chongqing Shizhu Branch, China National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Luo S, Tian C, Zhang H, Yao Z, Guan Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Song Y. Isolation and Identification of Biocontrol Bacteria against Atractylodes Chinensis Root Rot and Their Effects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2384. [PMID: 37894042 PMCID: PMC10609459 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium root rot (FRR) seriously affects the growth and productivity of A. chinensis. Therefore, protecting A. chinensis from FRR has become an important task, especially for increasing A. chinensis production. The purpose of this study was to screen FRR control strains from the A. chinensis rhizosphere soil. Eighty-four bacterial strains and seven fungal strains were isolated, and five strains were identified with high inhibitory effects against Fusarium oxysporum (FO): Trichoderma harzianum (MH), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CJ5, CJ7, and CJ8), and Bacillus subtilis (CJ9). All five strains had high antagonistic effects in vitro. Results showed that MH and CJ5, as biological control agents, had high control potential, with antagonistic rates of 86.01% and 82.78%, respectively. In the pot experiment, the growth levels of roots and stems of A. chinensis seedlings treated with MH+CJ were significantly higher than those of control plants. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, indoleacetic acid, and chlorophyll contents in A. chinensis leaves were also significantly increased. In the biocontrol test, the combined MH + CJ application significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content in A. chinensis roots and significantly increased the polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonolyase, and peroxidase ability, indicating a high biocontrol effect. In addition, the application of Bacillus spp. and T. harzianum increased the abundance and diversity of the soil fungal population, improved the soil microbial community structure, and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial strains, such as Holtermanniella and Metarhizium. The abundance of Fusarium, Volutella, and other pathogenic strains was significantly reduced, and the biocontrol potential of A. chinensis root rot was increased. Thus, Bacillus spp. and T. harzianum complex bacteria can be considered potential future biocontrol agents for FRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil, Conservation College of Life Science, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zongmu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zhihui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil, Conservation College of Life Science, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Maalik S, Moosa A, Zulfiqar F, Aslam MN, Mahmood T, Siddique KHM. Endophytic Bacillus atrophaeus CHGP13 and salicylic acid inhibit blue mold of lemon by regulating defense enzymes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184297. [PMID: 37383639 PMCID: PMC10294686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lemons (Citrus limon L.) are one of the most economically important and consumed fruit worldwide. The species is vulnerable to several postharvest decay pathogens, of which Penicillium italicum associated with blue mold disease is the most damaging. This study investigates the use of integrated management for blue mold of lemon using lipopeptides (LPs) extracted from endophytic Bacillus strains and resistance inducers. Two resistance inducers; salicylic acid (SA) and benzoic acid (BA) were tested at 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM concentrations against the development of blue mold on lemon fruit. The 5 mM SA treatment produced the lowest disease incidence (60%) and lesion diameter (1.4 cm) of blue mold on lemon fruit relative to the control. In an in vitro antagonism assay eighteen Bacillus strains were evaluated for their direct antifungal effect against P. italicum; CHGP13 and CHGP17 had the greatest inhibition zones of 2.30 and 2.14 cm. Lipopeptides (LPs) extracted from CHGP13 and CHGP17 also inhibited the colony growth of P. italicum. LPs extracted from CHGP13 and 5 mM SA were tested as single and combined treatments against disease incidence and lesion diameter of blue mold on lemon fruit. SA + CHGP13 + PI had the lowest disease incidence (30%) and lesion diameter (0.4 cm) of P. italicum on lemon fruit relative to the other treatments. Furthermore, the lemon fruit treated with SA + CHGP13 + PI had the highest PPO, POD, and PAL activities. The postharvest quality analysis of the lemon fruit including fruit firmness, total soluble solids, weight loss, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content revealed that the treatment SA + CHGP13 + PI had little effect on fruit quality compared to the healthy control. These findings indicate that Bacillus strains and resistance inducers can be used as components of integrated disease management for the blue mold of lemon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Maalik
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Aslam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Yang J, Gao X, Chen R, Huang Z, Xu Z, Li L. Isolation of Bacillus siamensis B-612, a Strain That Is Resistant to Rice Blast Disease and an Investigation of the Mechanisms Responsible for Suppressing Rice Blast Fungus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108513. [PMID: 37239859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice yield can be significantly impacted by rice blast disease. In this investigation, an endophytic strain of Bacillus siamensis that exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of rice blast was isolated from healthy cauliflower leaves. 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that it belongs to the genus Bacillus siamensis. Using the rice OsActin gene as an internal control, we analyzed the expression levels of genes related to the defense response of rice. Analysis showed that the expression levels of genes related to the defense response in rice were significantly upregulated 48 h after treatment. In addition, peroxidase (POD) activity gradually increased after treatment with B-612 fermentation solution and peaked 48 h after inoculation. These findings clearly demonstrated that the 1-butanol crude extract of B-612 retarded and inhibited conidial germination as well as the development of appressorium. The results of field experiments showed that treatment with B-612 fermentation solution and B-612 bacterial solution significantly reduced the severity of the disease before the seedling stage of Lijiangxintuan (LTH) was infected with rice blast. Future studies will focus on exploring whether Bacillus siamensis B-612 produces new lipopeptides and will apply proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to investigate the signaling pathways involved in its antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Luyi Zhang
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Crop Ecophysiolgy and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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A biocontrol agent as a commensal in a plant-pest interaction. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Le KD, Yu NH, Park AR, Park DJ, Kim CJ, Kim JC. Streptomyces sp. AN090126 as a Biocontrol Agent against Bacterial and Fungal Plant Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040791. [PMID: 35456841 PMCID: PMC9025191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi are major phytopathogens which substantially affect global agricultural productivity. In the present study, Streptomyces sp. AN090126, isolated from agricultural suppressive soil in Korea, showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against various phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. In the 96-well plate assay, the fermentation filtrate of Streptomyces sp. AN090126 exhibited antimicrobial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.63–10% for bacteria and 0.63–3.3% for fungi. The MIC of the partially purified fraction was 20.82–250 µg/mL for bacteria and 15.6–83.33 µg/mL for fungi. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that AN090126 produced various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including dimethyl sulfide and trimethyl sulfide, which inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in in vitro VOC assays. In pot experiments, the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. AN090126 reduced tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, red pepper leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and creeping bentgrass dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the secondary metabolites derived from this strain showed a synergistic effect with streptomycin sulfate against streptomycin-resistant Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causative agent of Kimchi cabbage soft rot, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore, Streptomyces sp. AN090126 is a potential biocontrol agent in controlling plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi, specifically by the streptomycin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Duy Le
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.D.L.); (N.H.Y.); (A.R.P.)
- Institute of New Technology, Academy of Military Science and Technology, 17 Hoangsam, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.D.L.); (N.H.Y.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.D.L.); (N.H.Y.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.-J.P.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (K.D.L.); (N.H.Y.); (A.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Current Situation of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Northern Africa: The Sustainable Control Methods and Priorities for Future Research. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In North Africa, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 represents one of the most destructive generalists among mite herbivores. Unfortunately, it is a source of important annual casualties in crop production. It is a phytophagous mite that can feed on hundreds of host plants and produces significant damage. The control of T. urticae in North Africa has been principally based on acaricide sprays. However, new alternative methods have shown effective results, such as artificial ultraviolet-B, natural enemies, and the introduction of new genetic methods. This review aims to present a synthesis of information surrounding control methods of T. urticae in North Africa. We highlight the principal findings of previous studies. Then, we discuss current control methods and propose new innovative research and sustainable approaches to controlling this pest. The control method can potentially extrapolate in North African regions due to its positive ecological results. Further, studies proved the use of natural enemies, myco-metabolites, bacteria metabolites, and the introduction of a genetic method in an integrated long-term sustainable program that can successfully defeat the populations of T. urticae. We also discuss high-priority research guidelines to investigate new sustainable management strategies. Setting up an integrated long-term ecological monitoring program in different Northwest African countries and incorporating new technologies into monitoring programs is an urgent need to fight this devastating pest.
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Antifungal Secondary Metabolites Against Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Meena M, Yadav G, Sonigra P, Nagda A, Mehta T, Zehra A, Swapnil P. Role of Microbial Bioagents as Elicitors in Plant Defense Regulation. TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS FOR BIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS 2022:103-128. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12990-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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12
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Ahmed HFA, Seleiman MF, Al-Saif AM, Alshiekheid MA, Battaglia ML, Taha RS. Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2342. [PMID: 34834704 PMCID: PMC8623452 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma album, T. harzianum and T. viride, as well as the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole to control celery powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC, in vitro (against conidia germination and germ tube length of E. heraclei) and in vivo (against disease severity and AUDPC). In vitro, it was found that the antifungal activity of the tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the germination percentage of the conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen. The reduction in conidia germination ranged between 88.2% and 59.6% as a result of the treatment with B. subtilis and T. album, respectively compared with 97.1% by the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Moreover, the fungicide achieved the highest reduction in germ tube length (92.5%) followed by B. megaterium (82.0%), while T. album was the least effective (62.8%). Spraying celery plants with the tested biocontrol agents in the greenhouse significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of application. In this regard, B. subtilis was the most efficient followed by B. pumilus, S. marcescens and B. megaterium, with 80.1, 74.4, 73.2 and 70.5% reductions in disease severity, respectively. In AUDPC, reductions of those microorganisms were 285.3, 380.9, 396.7 and 431.8, respectively, compared to 1539.1 in the control treatment. On the other hand, the fungicide difenoconazole achieved maximum efficacy in reducing disease severity (84.7%) and lowest AUDPC (219.3) compared to the other treatments. In the field, all the applied biocontrol agents showed high efficiency in suppressing powdery mildew on celery plants, with a significant improvement in growth and yield characteristics. In addition, they caused an increase in the concentration of leaf pigments, and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and total phenol content (TPC). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of using tested biocontrol agents as eco-friendly alternatives to protect celery plants against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F. A. Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel M. Al-Saif
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. Alshiekheid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ragab S. Taha
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt;
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Biological Control of Plant Diseases: An Evolutionary and Eco-Economic Consideration. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101311. [PMID: 34684260 PMCID: PMC8541133 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control is considered as a promising alternative to pesticide and plant resistance to manage plant diseases, but a better understanding of the interaction of its natural and societal functions is necessary for its endorsement. The introduction of biological control agents (BCAs) alters the interaction among plants, pathogens, and environments, leading to biological and physical cascades that influence pathogen fitness, plant health, and ecological function. These interrelationships generate a landscape of tradeoffs among natural and social functions of biological control, and a comprehensive evaluation of its benefits and costs across social and farmer perspectives is required to ensure the sustainable development and deployment of the approach. Consequently, there should be a shift of disease control philosophy from a single concept that only concerns crop productivity to a multifaceted concept concerning crop productivity, ecological function, social acceptability, and economical accessibility. To achieve these goals, attempts should make to develop “green” BCAs used dynamically and synthetically with other disease control approaches in an integrated disease management scheme, and evolutionary biologists should play an increasing role in formulating the strategies. Governments and the public should also play a role in the development and implementation of biological control strategies supporting positive externality.
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14
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Blake C, Nordgaard M, Maróti G, Kovács ÁT. Diversification of Bacillus subtilis during experimental evolution on Arabidopsis thaliana and the complementarity in root colonization of evolved subpopulations. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6122-6136. [PMID: 34296794 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis is known to suppress pathogens as well as promote plant growth. However, in order to fully exploit the potential as natural fertilizer, we need a better understanding of the interactions between B. subtilis and plants. Here, B. subtilis was examined for root colonization through experimental evolution on Arabidopsis thaliana. The populations evolved rapidly, improved in root colonization and diversified into three distinct morphotypes. In order to better understand the adaptation that had taken place, single evolved isolates from the final transfer were randomly selected for further characterization, revealing changes in growth and pellicle formation in medium supplemented with plant polysaccharides. Intriguingly, certain evolved isolates showed improved root colonization only on the plant species they evolved on, but not on another plant species, namely tomato, suggesting A. thaliana specific adaption paths. Finally, the mix performed better than the sum of its constituents in monoculture, which was demonstrated to be caused by complementarity effects. Our results suggest that genetic diversification occurs in an ecological relevant setting on plant roots and proves to be a stable strategy for root colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Blake
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Nordgaard
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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15
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Jasrotia S, Salgotra RK, Sharma M. Efficacy of bioinoculants to control of bacterial and fungal diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northwestern Himalaya. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:687-704. [PMID: 33782910 PMCID: PMC8105458 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological control holds great promise for environmentally friendly and sustainable management of the phytopathogens. The multi-function features of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enable to protect the plants from disease infections by replacing the chemical inputs. The interaction between the plant root exudates and the microbes stimulates the production of secondary metabolism and enzymes and induces systemic resistance in the plants. AIM The aim was to identify the potential PGPR which would show an antagonistic effect against basmati rice fungal and bacterial diseases. METHODS In the study, native originating microbes have been isolated, characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, and used as potential antagonistic microbial isolates against diseases of rice plants. RESULTS Rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere, endo-rhizosphere, and bulk soil samples of Basmati 370 exhibited promising inhibitory activity against rice pathogens. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolates based on 16S rRNA sequencing classified the bacterial isolates into different genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Exiguobacterium, Aeromonas, Chryseobacterium, Enterobacter, and Stenotrophomonas. PGPRs exhibited biocontrol activities against various rice diseases like bacterial leaf blight, leaf blast, brown spot, and sheath blight and boost the plant growth traits. CONCLUSION In the study, the potentially identified PGPRs isolates could be used as efficient bioinoculants as bio-fertilizers and biocontrol agents for sustainable rice crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Jasrotia
- School for Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
| | - Romesh Kumar Salgotra
- School for Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India.
| | - Manmohan Sharma
- School for Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
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Chakraborty M, Mahmud NU, Ullah C, Rahman M, Islam T. Biological and biorational management of blast diseases in cereals caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:994-1022. [PMID: 34006149 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1898325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Blast diseases, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, are among the most destructive diseases that occur on at least 50 species of grasses, including cultivated cereals wheat, and rice. Although fungicidal control of blast diseases has widely been researched, development of resistance of the pathogen against commercially available products makes this approach unreliable. Novel approaches such as the application of biopesticides against the blast fungus are needed for sustainable management of this economically important disease. Antagonistic microorganisms, such as fungi and probiotic bacteria from diverse taxonomic genera were found to suppress blast fungi both in vitro and in vivo. Various classes of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids of plant and microbial origin significantly inhibit fungal growth and may also be effective in managing blast diseases. Common modes of action of microbial biocontrol agents include: antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, induction of systemic resistance in host plant, and competition for nutrients or space. However, the precise mechanism of biocontrol of the blast fungus by antagonistic microorganisms and/or their bioactive secondary metabolites is not well understood. Commercial formulations of biocontrol agents and bioactive natural products could be cost-effective and sustainable but their availability at this time is extremely limited. This review updates our knowledge on the infection pathway of the wheat blast fungus, catalogs naturally occurring biocontrol agents that may be effective against blast diseases, and discusses their role in sustainable management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutoshi Chakraborty
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman
- WVU Extension Service, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Singh P, Singh RK, Guo DJ, Sharma A, Singh RN, Li DP, Malviya MK, Song XP, Lakshmanan P, Yang LT, Li YR. Whole Genome Analysis of Sugarcane Root-Associated Endophyte Pseudomonas aeruginosa B18-A Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium With Antagonistic Potential Against Sporisorium scitamineum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628376. [PMID: 33613496 PMCID: PMC7894208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane smut is a significant fungal disease that causes a major loss in sugar yield and quality. In this study, we isolated an endophytic strain B18 from a sugarcane root, which showed plant growth-promotion, hydrolytic enzyme production, antifungal activity against sugarcane pathogens (Sporisorium scitamineum, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Fusarium verticillioides), and the presence of nifH, acdS, and antibiotic genes (hcn, prn, and phCA) under in vitro conditions. BIOLOG(R) phenotypic profiling of B18 established its ability to use various carbon and nitrogen sources and tolerate a range of pH and osmotic and temperature stresses. Whole-genome analysis of B18, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showed that it consists of a single circular chromosome of 6,490,014 bp with 66.33% GC content. Genome annotation has identified 5,919 protein-coding genes, and 65 tRNA, and 12 rRNA genes. The P. aeruginosa B18 genome encodes genes related to ethylene, nitrogen (nifU, norBCDERQ, gltBDPS, and aatJMPQ), and phosphate (pstABCS and phoBDHRU) metabolism and produce indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores. This also includes genes encoding hydrolases and oxidoreductases, those associated with biocontrol mechanisms (hcnABC, phzA_B, phzDEFGMS, and pchA), colonization (minCDE and lysC), and biofilm formation (efp, hfq, flgBCDEFGHI, and motAB), and those associated with metabolism of secondary metabolites. Collectively, these results suggest a role for P. aeruginosa B18 in plant growth enhancement and biocontrol mechanisms. The P. aeruginosa B18 strain was found to be an efficient colonizer in sugarcane; it can improve growth through modulation of plant hormone production and enhanced host-plant resistance to smut pathogen S. scitamineum in a smut-susceptible sugarcane variety (Yacheng71-374). These biocontrol and plant growth promotion properties of P. aeruginosa B18 area are discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | | | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mukesh K Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin (CAGD), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Jing M, Huang B, Li W, Zeng J, Shao Y. Biocontrol of Cladosporium cladosporioides of mango fruit with Bacillus atrophaeus TE7 and effects on storage quality. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:765-774. [PMID: 33469719 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the control effect of Bacillus atrophaeus TE7 on Cladosporium cladosporioides of mango fruit and how it effects quality attributes during 'Tainong' mango fruit storage. The results showed that strain TE7 had inhibition ability with the biocontrol efficacy of 85.56%. Furthermore, strain TE7 could produce lipopeptide substance, iturin A, and surfactants, which inhibited the growth and development of C. cladosporioides. Moreover, strain TE7 had the ability of improving the activities of defense response-related enzyme in mangoes. The changes of peel color, flesh firmness, contents of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), and ascorbic acid (Vc) were significantly delayed by strain TE7. The results demonstrated that B. atrophaeus TE7 could be applied as a biocontrol agent for the pathogen C. cladosporioides of mango fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Jing
- College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.,South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Bingyu Huang
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jiaoke Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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19
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Blake C, Christensen MN, Kovács ÁT. Molecular Aspects of Plant Growth Promotion and Protection by Bacillus subtilis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:15-25. [PMID: 32986513 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0225-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is one of the most widely studied plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. It is able to promote plant growth as well as control plant pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including the improvement of nutrient availability and alteration of phytohormone homeostasis as well as the production of antimicrobials and triggering induced systemic resistance, respectively. Even though its benefits for crop production have been recognized and studied extensively under laboratory conditions, the success of its application in fields varies immensely. It is widely accepted that agricultural application of B. subtilis often fails because the bacteria are not able to persist in the rhizosphere. Bacterial colonization of plant roots is a crucial step in the interaction between microbe and plant and seems, therefore, to be of great importance for its growth promotion and biocontrol effects. A successful root colonization depends thereby on both bacterial traits, motility and biofilm formation, as well as on a signal interplay with the plant. This review addresses current knowledge about plant-microbial interactions of the B. subtilis species, including the various mechanisms for supporting plant growth as well as the necessity for the establishment of the relationship.[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Blake
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ákos T Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Kim YT, Kim SE, Lee WJ, Fumei Z, Cho MS, Moon JS, Oh HW, Park HY, Kim SU. Isolation and characterization of a high iturin yielding Bacillus velezensis UV mutant with improved antifungal activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234177. [PMID: 33270634 PMCID: PMC7714226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To isolate Bacillus velezensis mutants with improved antifungal activity for use in the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi, wild-type Bacillus velezensis KRF-001 producing iturin, surfactin, and fengycin was irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) rays. The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of UV mutants and characterization of the cyclic lipopeptides produced by a selected mutant were examined. A mutant strain yielding high levels of iturin showed over 2-fold higher antifungal activity than the wild-type against Fusarium oxysporum. A potent suppressive effect of the mutant was also observed on spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of cucumber gray mold, at different butanol extract concentrations. Further analysis of the mutant by real-time PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography revealed increased expression of iturin and surfactin biosynthesis genes as well as enhanced production of iturin and surfactin metabolites. However, the amounts of fengycin obtained from the mutant strain BSM54 were significantly lesser than those of iturin and surfactin. Particularly, iturin A production by the mutant was 3.5-fold higher than that of the wild-type, suggesting that the higher antifungal activity of the mutant against F. oxysporum resulted from the increased expression of biosynthesis genes associated with iturin production. The commercial greenhouse experiment using soil naturally infested with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotinia rot) and F. oxysporum (fusarium wilt) showed that the mutant strain reduced sclerotinia rot and fusarium wilt diseases (P = 0.05) more effectively than the wild-type and commercially available product Cillus® in Korea. These results suggest that the mutant with high iturin yield is a potential candidate for the development of a biological control agent in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Tae Kim
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jung Lee
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhao Fumei
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Sun Moon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Oh
- Core Facility Management Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Uk Kim
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Genome wide underpinning of antagonistic and plant beneficial attributes of Bacillus sp. SBA12. Genomics 2020; 112:2894-2902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Liu TT, Ye FC, Pang CP, Yong TQ, Tang WD, Xiao J, Shang CH, Lu ZJ. Isolation and identification of bioactive substance 1-hydroxyphenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antimicrobial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:303-310. [PMID: 32449160 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A strain named as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2016NX1, which could produce phenazine and cereusitin, was isolated from the root of Millettia specisoa. Phenazines were extracted, isolated and purified by chloroform, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Then the purified materials were identified by analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance. The major yellow component is 1-hydroxyphenazine and the minor blue component is cereusitin A. The tests of antimicrobial activity of yellow component showed that the growth of several common plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria (such as Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Diaporthe citri, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella oxytoca) could be strongly inhibited. This study suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 2016NX1 had a significant potential for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study, one bioactive substance from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2016NX1 was identified and its antimicrobial activity was verified. This study demonstrated that one bioactive substance from P. aeruginosa can strongly inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. This study suggested that P. aeruginosa strain 2016NX1 has a significant potential for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - F C Ye
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - C P Pang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - T Q Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W D Tang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - J Xiao
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - C H Shang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Z J Lu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Abstract
A healthy soil acts as a dynamic living system that delivers multiple ecosystem services, such as sustaining water quality and plant productivity, controlling soil nutrient recycling decomposition, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Soil health is closely associated with sustainable agriculture, because soil microorganism diversity and activity are the main components of soil health. Agricultural sustainability is defined as the ability of a crop production system to continuously produce food without environmental degradation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria, and beneficial nematodes enhance water use efficiency and nutrient availability to plants, phytohormones production, soil nutrient cycling, and plant resistance to environmental stresses. Farming practices have shown that organic farming and tillage improve soil health by increasing the abundance, diversity, and activity of microorganisms. Conservation tillage can potentially increase grower’s profitability by reducing inputs and labor costs as compared to conventional tillage while organic farming might add extra management costs due to high labor demands for weeding and pest control, and for fertilizer inputs (particularly N-based), which typically have less consistent uniformity and stability than synthetic fertilizers. This review will discuss the external factors controlling the abundance of rhizosphere microbiota and the impact of crop management practices on soil health and their role in sustainable crop production.
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Xia Y, Farooq MA, Javed MT, Kamran MA, Mukhtar T, Ali J, Tabassum T, Rehman SU, Hussain Munis MF, Sultan T, Chaudhary HJ. Multi-stress tolerant PGPR Bacillus xiamenensis PM14 activating sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) red rot disease resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:640-649. [PMID: 32339911 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability in crop production has emerged as one of the most important concerns of present era's agricultural systems. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been characterized as a set of microorganisms used for enhancing plant growth and a tool for biological control of phytopathogens. However, the inconsistent performance of these bacteria from laboratory/greenhouse to field level has emerged due to prevailing abiotic stresses in fields. Sugarcane crop encounters a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses during its long developmental stages. Nevertheless, the selection of antagonistic PGPB with abiotic stress tolerance would be beneficial for end-user by the successful establishment of product with required effects under field conditions. Stress tolerant Bacillus xiamenensis strain (PM14) isolated from the sugarcane rhizosphere grown in the fields was examined for various PGP activities, enzyme assays, and antibiotic resistance. Strain was screened for in vitro tolerance against drought, salinity, heat stress, and heavy metal toxicity. Inhibition co-efficient of B. xiamenensis PM14 was also calculated against six phyto-pathogenic fungi, including Colletotrichum falcatum (53.81), Fusarium oxysporum (68.24), Fusarium moniliforme (69.70), Rhizoctonia solani (71.62), Macrophomina phaseolina (67.50), and Pythium splendens (77.58). B. xiamenensis is reported here for the first time as the rhizospheric bacterium which possesses resistance against 12 antibiotics and positive results for all in vitro PGP traits except HCN production. Role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase in the amelioration of biotic and abiotic stress was also supported by the amplification of acds gene. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed B. xiamenensis as the potential antagonistic PGPR and bio-control agent. Results of greenhouse experiment against sugarcane red rot indicated that inoculation of B. xiamenensis to sugarcane plants could suppress the disease symptoms and enhance plant growth. Augmented production of antioxidative enzymes and proline content may lead to the induced systemic resistance against red rot disease of sugarcane. Thus, the future application of native multi-stress tolerant bacteria as bio-control agents in combination with current heat, drought, salinity, and heavy metal tolerance strategy could contribute towards the global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Crop Disease Research Institute, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tehmeena Mukhtar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Tariq Sultan
- Land Resource Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Partial purification and characterization of chitinase produced by Bacillus licheniformis B307. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03858. [PMID: 32395650 PMCID: PMC7205749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal conditions required for chitinase production from Bacillus licheniformis B307 strain, obtained from Syrian soil, were studied. Optimization experiments were carried out under submerged fermentation conditions, and colloidal chitin was the source of carbon. Luria broth medium supplied with 0.5% colloidal chitin was the optimum medium for chitinase production. The maximum chitinase yield was obtained at 30 °C, pH6, incubation time 14 days, and 150 rpm. The optimum chitinase activity was achieved at 60 °C and pH6. The chitinase activity with unmodified medium was 1.9 U/mL which then enhanced about eight folds to reach 14.2 U/mL under optimized submerged fermentation conditions. An extracellular chitinase of Bacillus licheniformis B307 was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by concentration with various sizes of concentrator tubes. The chitinase was partially purified 8.24 fold and specific enzyme activity increased 2.08 fold (2 U/mg). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of partial purified chitinase exhibited a molecular weight (Mr) near to 36 and 42kDa. These results make it possible to invest in this strain to produce chitinase to be used as antifungal, food additives and other applications.
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Chakraborty M, Mahmud NU, Gupta DR, Tareq FS, Shin HJ, Islam T. Inhibitory Effects of Linear Lipopeptides From a Marine Bacillus subtilis on the Wheat Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:665. [PMID: 32425899 PMCID: PMC7203576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat blast is a devastating fungal disease caused by a filamentous fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, which poses a serious threat to food security of South America and South Asia. In the course of screening novel bioactive secondary metabolites, we found that some secondary metabolites from a marine Bacillus subtilis strain 109GGC020 remarkably inhibited the growth of M. oryzae Triticum in vitro at 20 μg/disk. We tested a number of natural compounds derived from microorganisms and plants and found that five recently discovered linear non-cytotoxic lipopeptides, gageopeptides A-D (1-4) and gageotetrin B (5) from the strain 109GGC020 inhibited the growth of MoT mycelia in a dose-dependent manner. Among the five compounds studied, gageotetrin B (5) displayed the highest mycelial growth inhibition of MoT followed by gageopeptide C (3), gageopeptide D (4), gageopeptide A (1), and gageopeptide B (2) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 10.0, and 10.0 μg/disk, respectively. Application of these natural compounds has also completely blocked formation of conidia in the MoT fungal mycelia in the agar medium. Further bioassay revealed that these compounds (1-5) inhibited the germination of MoT conidia and, if germinated, induced deformation of germ tube and/or abnormal appressoria. Interestingly, application of these linear lipopeptides (1-5) significantly suppressed wheat blast disease on detached wheat leaves. This is the first report of the inhibition of mycelial growth, conidiogenesis, conidial germination, and morphological alterations in the germinated conidia and suppression of wheat blast disease by linear lipopeptides from the strain of B. subtilis. A further study is needed to evaluate the mode of action of these natural compounds for considering them as biopesticides for managing this notorious cereal killer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutoshi Chakraborty
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Fakir Shahidullah Tareq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Hee Jae Shin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Forest tree associated bacteria for potential biological control of Fusarium solani and of Fusarium kuroshium, causal agent of Fusarium dieback. Microbiol Res 2020; 235:126440. [PMID: 32109690 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of crop-associated bacteria as biological control agents of fungal diseases has gained increasing interest, the biotechnological potential of forest tree-associated microbes and their natural products has scarcely been investigated. The objective of this study was to identify bacteria or bacterial products with antagonistic activity against Fusarium solani and Fusarium kuroshium, causal agent of Fusarium dieback, by screening the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of three Lauraceae species. From 195 bacterial isolates, we identified 32 isolates that significantly reduced the growth of F. solani in vitro, which mostly belonged to bacterial taxa Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Actinobacteria. The antifungal activity of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was also evaluated. Bacterial strain Bacillus sp. CCeRi1-002, recovered from the rhizosphere of Aiouea effusa, showed the highest percentage of direct inhibition (62.5 %) of F. solani and produced diffusible compounds that significantly reduced its mycelial growth. HPLC-MS analyses on this strain allowed to tentatively identify bioactive compounds from three lipopeptide groups (iturin, surfactin and fengycin). Bacillus sp. CCeRi1-002 and another strain identified as Pseudomonas sp. significantly inhibited F. solani mycelial growth through the emission of VOCs. Chemical analysis of their volatile profiles indicated the likely presence of 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, disulfide dimethyl and 1-butanol 3-methyl-, which had been previously reported with antifungal activity. In antagonism assays against F. kuroshium, Bacillus sp. CCeRi1-002 and its diffusible compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity and induced hyphal deformations. Our findings highlight the importance of considering bacteria associated with forest species and the need to include bacterial products in the search for potential antagonists of Fusarium dieback.
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Le KD, Kim J, Yu NH, Kim B, Lee CW, Kim JC. Biological Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt, Kimchi Cabbage Soft Rot, and Red Pepper Bacterial Leaf Spot Using Paenibacillus elgii JCK-5075. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:775. [PMID: 32714339 PMCID: PMC7340725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The over and repeated use of chemical bactericides to control plant bacterial diseases has resulted in unwanted effects, such as environmental pollution, residual toxicity, and resistance buildup in bacterial pathogens. Many previous studies have aimed to develop biological control agents to replace chemical bactericides. In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of the fermentation broth of Paenibacillus elgii JCK-5075 and its antibacterial compounds were evaluated against plant pathogenic bacteria, using both in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Pelgipeptins (PGPs) A, B, C, and D that were isolated from P. elgii JCK-5075 displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria. The fermentation broth of P. elgii JCK-5075, at 5-fold dilution, effectively suppressed the development of tomato bacterial wilt, Kimchi cabbage soft rot, and red pepper bacterial leaf spot in pot experiments with control values of 81, 84, and 67%, respectively. PGP-A and C, at 200 μg/ml, were also found to markedly reduce the development of Kimchi cabbage bacterial soft rot by 75% and tomato bacterial wilt by 83%, respectively, and their disease control efficacy was comparable to that of oxolinic acid with control values of 81 and 85%, respectively. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of PGP-C was found to be directly correlated with membrane damage mechanisms. These results indicates that P. elgii JCK-5075 producing PGPs could be used as a biocontrol agent for the control of plant bacterial diseases. This is the first report on the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of PGPs against bacterial plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Duy Le
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chul Won Lee,
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Jin-Cheol Kim,
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Krzyzanowska DM, Maciag T, Siwinska J, Krychowiak M, Jafra S, Czajkowski R. Compatible Mixture of Bacterial Antagonists Developed to Protect Potato Tubers from Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1374-1382. [PMID: 30908126 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1866-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Possibilities to protect potato tubers from rotting caused by Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) under disease favoring conditions were investigated using compatible mixtures of bacterial antagonists and tested with a newly developed stepwise efficacy-based screening protocol. Twenty-two bacterial antagonists were evaluated against a combination of five Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains representing species and subspecies most often associated with potato soft rot in Europe. To enable potential synergistic activity, the antagonists were initially tested against the combination of pathogens in 15 random mixtures containing up to 5 antagonists each. Three mixtures (M2, M4, and M14) out of 15 tested reduced tuber tissue maceration due to soft rot. The individual antagonists derived from M2, M4, and M14 mixtures were tested on potato slices and whole tuber injection assays. These five strains (S. plymuthica strain A294, E. amnigenus strain A167, R. aquatilis strain H145, S. rubidaea strain H440, and S. rubidaea strain H469) were combined to develop a tailored biological control mixture against potato soft rot. The new mixture, designated the Great Five (GF), was tested on seed potato tubers vacuum infiltrated with antagonists and subsequently with the combination of five SRP pathogens. In these experiments, the GF mixture provided stable protection of inoculated potato tubers, reducing soft rot by 46% (P = 0.0016) under high disease pressure conditions. The A294, A167, H145, H440, and H469 antagonists were characterized for features important for viable commercial applications including growth at different temperatures, resistance to antibiotics, and potential toxicity toward Caenorhabditis elegans. The implications for control of soft rot caused by SRP with the use of the GF mixture of antagonists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota M Krzyzanowska
- 1 Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciag
- 1 Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Siwinska
- 2 Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; and
| | - Marta Krychowiak
- 3 Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- 1 Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- 3 Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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30
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Hashem A, Tabassum B, Fathi Abd Allah E. Bacillus subtilis: A plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium that also impacts biotic stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1291-1297. [PMID: 31516360 PMCID: PMC6734152 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants encounter many biotic agents, such as viruses, bacteria, nematodes, weeds, and arachnids. These entities induce biotic stress in their hosts by disrupting normal metabolism, and as a result, limit plant growth and/or are the cause of plant mortality. Some biotic agents, however, interact symbiotically or synergistically with their host plants. Some microbes can be beneficial to plants and perform the same role as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, acting as a biofertilizer and/or biopesticide. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can significantly enhance plant growth and represent a mutually helpful plant-microbe interaction. Bacillus species are a major type of rhizobacteria that can form spores that can survive in the soil for long period of time under harsh environmental conditions. Plant growth is enhanced by PGPR through the induction of systemic resistance, antibiosis, and competitive omission. Thus, the application of microbes can be used to induce systemic resistance in plants against biotic agents and enhance environmental stress tolerance. Bacillus subtilis exhibits both a direct and indirect biocontrol mechanism to suppress disease caused by pathogens. The direct mechanism includes the synthesis of many secondary metabolites, hormones, cell-wall-degrading enzymes, and antioxidants that assist the plant in its defense against pathogen attack. The indirect mechanism includes the stimulation of plant growth and the induction of acquired systemic resistance. Bacillus subtilis can also solubilize soil P, enhance nitrogen fixation, and produce siderophores that promote its growth and suppresses the growth of pathogens. Bacillus subtilis enhances stress tolerance in their plant hosts by inducing the expression of stress-response genes, phytohormones, and stress-related metabolites. The present review discusses the activity of B. subtilis in the rhizosphere, its role as a root colonizer, its biocontrol potential, the associated mechanisms of biocontrol and the ability of B. subtilis to increase crop productivity under conditions of biotic and abiotic stress.
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Key Words
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase
- Abiotic stress
- Bacillus subtilis
- Biocontrol mechanism
- Biocontrol potential
- Biotic stress
- GA3, gibberellic acid
- IAA, indole acetic acid
- ISR, induced systemic resistance
- JA, jasmonic acid
- LPs, lipopeptides
- PAL, phenylalanine ammonialyase
- PGP, plant growth promotion
- PGPR, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
- POD, peroxidase
- PPO, polyphenol oxidase
- Rhizobacteria
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- VOCs, volatile organic compounds
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government Raza PG College, Rampur, UP, India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Bóka B, Manczinger L, Kocsubé S, Shine K, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Münsterkötter M, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Genome analysis of a Bacillus subtilis strain reveals genetic mutations determining biocontrol properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:52. [PMID: 30868269 PMCID: PMC6435635 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several Bacillus strains are used as biocontrol agents, as they frequently have strong antagonistic effects against microbial plant pathogens. Bacillus strain SZMC 6179J, isolated from tomato rhizosphere, was previously shown to have excellent in vitro antagonistic properties against the most important fungal pathogens of tomato (Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) as well as several Fusarium species. Taxonomic investigations revealed that it is a member of the B. subtilis subsp. subtilis group and very closely related with the reference type strain B. subtilis subsp. subtilis 168. The sequenced genome of strain SZMC 6179J contains the genes responsible for the synthesis of the extracellular antibiotics surfactin, fengycin and bacilysin. Compared to strain 168, a prophage-like region is missing from the genome of SZMC 6179J, while there are 106 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 23 deletion-insertion polymorphisms. The high biocontrol potential of strain SZMC 6179J may results from a single base deletion in the sfp gene encoding the transcription factor of the surfactin and fengycin operons. Hypermutated regions reflecting short-time evolutionary processes could be detected in SZMC 6179J. The deletion-insertion polymorphism in the sfp gene and the detected hypermutations can be suggested as genetic determinants of biocontrol features in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bóka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Münsterkötter
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Research Center for Forestry and Wood Industry, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4, Sopron, 9401, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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Shahid M, Hameed S, Zafar M, Tahir M, Ijaz M, Tariq M, Hussain K, Ali A. Enterobacter sp. strain Fs-11 adapted to diverse ecological conditions and promoted sunflower achene yield, nutrient uptake, and oil contents. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:459-469. [PMID: 30830602 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are under extensive investigation to supplement the chemical fertilizers due to cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. However, their consistency in heterogeneous soil and diverse ecological settings is unclear. The current study presents in vitro and field evaluation of pre-characterized PGPR strain Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 (GenBank accession # GQ179978) in terms of its potential to enhance sunflower yield and oil contents under diverse environmental conditions. Under in vitro conditions, strain Fs-11 showed optimal growth at a range of temperature (15 to 40 °C) and pH values (6.5 to 8.5). Extracellular and intracellular localizations of the strain Fs-11 in sunflower root cortical cells through transmission electron microscopy confirmed its epiphytic and endophytic colonization patterns, respectively. In field experiments, conducted at three different agro-climatic locations, inoculation of strain Fs-11 at 50% reduced NP fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in growth, achene yield, nutrient uptake, and oil contents. Inoculation also responded significantly in terms of increase in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids, respectively) without rising saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acids) contents. We concluded that Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 is a potential candidate for biofertilizer formulations to supplement chemical fertilizer requirements of sunflower crop under diverse climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. .,Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Hameed
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.,Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Hussain
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amanat Ali
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Soil Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
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33
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Vörös M, Manczinger L, Kredics L, Szekeres A, Shine K, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Vágvölgyi C. Influence of agro-environmental pollutants on a biocontrol strain of Bacillus velezensis. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00660. [PMID: 29938920 PMCID: PMC6436430 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal- and pesticide-tolerant biocontrol agents are preferred in integrated pest management, as such strains can be applied in combination with different pesticides. The Bacillus velezensis strain SZMC 6161J proved to be sensitive to copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium, while manganese elevated its growth. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol L-1 , zinc and iron inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of this strain. In addition, trypsin-like protease and palmitoyl esterase activities were insensitive to all tested heavy metals in the applied concentration range. We studied the effects of some widely used herbicides and fungicides on the growth of this strain. The presence of sulfonylurea herbicides, like bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, triasulfuron, and primisulfuron-methyl strongly inhibited the biomass production of the strain even at the concentration of 6.25 mg L-1 . Glyphosate also inhibited the growth above 30 mg L-1 . Similarly, contact fungicides like captan, maneb, mancozeb, and thiram resulted in total inhibition at the concentration as low as 6.25 mg L-1 . Interestingly, the sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides imazalil, fenarimol, penconazole, and tebuconazole also proved to be potent inhibitors. Heavy metal- and fungicide-tolerant strains were isolated from the parental strain and their antagonistic abilities were evaluated. There was no substantial difference between the antagonism capability of wild-type strain and the resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wu JY, Liao JH, Shieh CJ, Hsieh FC, Liu YC. Kinetic analysis on precursors for iturin A production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:630-635. [PMID: 29907529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the precursor effect for iturin A production was quantitatively analyzed. A strain identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1 (Ba-BPD1) was selected due to its ability to produce iturin A. The enhancement of iturin A production in a submerged culture was tested using various additives, including palmitic acid, oils, and complex amino acids. Among these, complex amino acids triggered the highest yield at 559 mg/L. The respective amino acids that contribute to the structure of iturin A were used as precursors. In fact, it was found that the addition of l-proline, l-glutamine, l-asparagine and l-serine could improve iturin A yield in the defined medium. However, during the kinetic analysis, all the amino acids exhibited a lower saturation level than l-serine, which exhibited a high saturation level at 1.2% resulting in an iturin A yield of 914 mg/L. In contrast, a negative effect was observed following the addition of l-tyrosine. To analyze the kinetic behavior of l-serine, three kinetic models were adopted: the kinetic order equation, the Langmuir kinetic equation, and a modified logistic equation. The regression results showed that the modified logistic model was the best fit for the kinetic behavior of l-serine as the major precursor, which could be further referred to the biosynthesis pathway of iturin A. Among the proposed processes for iturin A production, this study achieved the highest iturin A levels as a result of the addition of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Biopesticides Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chia Hsieh
- Biopesticides Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Screening of Biocontrol Potential of Indigenous Bacillus spp. Isolated from Rice Rhizosphere against R. solani, S. oryzae, S. rolfsii and Response towards Growth of Rice. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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36
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Syed Ab Rahman SF, Singh E, Pieterse CMJ, Schenk PM. Emerging microbial biocontrol strategies for plant pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:102-111. [PMID: 29362088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To address food security, agricultural yields must increase to match the growing human population in the near future. There is now a strong push to develop low-input and more sustainable agricultural practices that include alternatives to chemicals for controlling pests and diseases, a major factor of heavy losses in agricultural production. Based on the adverse effects of some chemicals on human health, the environment and living organisms, researchers are focusing on potential biological control microbes as viable alternatives for the management of pests and plant pathogens. There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the potential of leaf and root-associated microbiomes to increase plant efficiency and yield in cropping systems. It is important to understand the role of these microbes in promoting growth and controlling diseases, and their application as biofertilizers and biopesticides whose success in the field is still inconsistent. This review focusses on how biocontrol microbes modulate plant defense mechanisms, deploy biocontrol actions in plants and offer new strategies to control plant pathogens. Apart from simply applying individual biocontrol microbes, there are now efforts to improve, facilitate and maintain long-term plant colonization. In particular, great hopes are associated with the new approaches of using "plant-optimized microbiomes" (microbiome engineering) and establishing the genetic basis of beneficial plant-microbe interactions to enable breeding of "microbe-optimized crops".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Farhana Syed Ab Rahman
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eugenie Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Laborda P, Zhao Y, Ling J, Hou R, Liu F. Production of Antifungal p-Aminobenzoic Acid in Lysobacter antibioticus OH13. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:630-636. [PMID: 29283262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among Lysobacter species, Lysobacter antibioticus has been demonstrated to be an interesting source of antimicrobial metabolites for the biocontrol of plant diseases. Although the antibacterial activity was attributed to N-oxide phenazines, the active compounds involved in the antifungal function remained unknown. In this work, an antifungal compound was isolated and identified as p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA). Antifungal activity screening revealed that pABA shows activity against a number of plant pathogens. The genes involved in the synthetic route of this compound in OH13 were identified. Further, the production of pABA was optimized by modification of the carbon source using engineered L. antibioticus OH13 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Laborda
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Ling
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rongxian Hou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
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Cheng F, Ma A, Zhuang G, Fray RG. Exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones enhance the expression of flagella of Pseudomonas syringae and activate defence responses in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:104-115. [PMID: 27756102 PMCID: PMC6637982 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to cope with pathogens, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense pathogenic attacks and to induce defence responses. The N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing in bacteria regulates diverse physiological processes, including those involved in pathogenicity. In this work, we study the interactions between AHL-producing transgenic tobacco plants and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 11528 (P. syringae 11528). Both a reduced incidence of disease and decrease in the growth of P. syringae 11528 were observed in AHL-producing plants compared with wild-type plants. The present data indicate that plant-produced AHLs enhance disease resistance against this pathogen. Subsequent RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the exogenous addition of AHLs up-regulated the expression of P. syringae 11528 genes for flagella production. Expression levels of plant defence genes in AHL-producing and wild-type plants were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These data showed that plant-produced AHLs activated a wide spectrum of defence responses in plants following inoculation, including the oxidative burst, hypersensitive response, cell wall strengthening, and the production of certain metabolites. These results demonstrate that exogenous AHLs alter the gene expression patterns of pathogens, and plant-produced AHLs either directly or indirectly enhance plant local immunity during the early stage of plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Research Center for Eco‐Environment SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Anzhou Ma
- Research Center for Eco‐Environment SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco‐Environment SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Rupert G. Fray
- School of Biological SciencesNottingham UniversityLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
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Tanaka K, Fukuda M, Amaki Y, Sakaguchi T, Inai K, Ishihara A, Nakajima H. Importance of prumycin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SD-32 in biocontrol against cucumber powdery mildew disease. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2419-2428. [PMID: 28560847 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powdery mildew disease of cucurbits is caused mainly by Podosphaera fusca, which is one of the most important limiting factors in cucurbit production worldwide. Previously we reported that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biocontrol strain SD-32 produces C17 bacillomycin D and [Ile 2002]surfactin, and that these metabolites play important roles in SD-32's biocontrol over cucumber gray mold disease. Our further investigation demonstrated that the culture broth and its supernatant suppressed cucumber powdery mildew disease in greenhouse experiments. However, the active principle(s) remained unknown. RESULTS The active compound was isolated from the culture supernatant after anti-powdery mildew disease activity-guided purification and identified as prumycin. Prumycin significantly suppressed the disease, whereas bacillomycin D and [Ile 2002]surfactin did not. Prumycin did not induce the expression of plant defense genes (PR1a and VSP1), suggesting that it does not act via plant defense response. Light microscopic observations of prumycin-treated cucumber cotyledon suggested that prumycin inhibits the conidial germination of P. fusca. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that prumycin is a major factor in SD-32's suppression of cucumber powdery mildew disease. Our findings shed light for the first time on prumycin's role in biocontrol by Bacillus against this disease. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijitsu Tanaka
- Tsukuba Research & Technology Center, SDS Biotech KK, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Fukuda
- Tsukuba Research & Technology Center, SDS Biotech KK, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amaki
- Tsukuba Research & Technology Center, SDS Biotech KK, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Koji Inai
- Tsukuba Research & Technology Center, SDS Biotech KK, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakajima
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Lim SM, Yoon MY, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Shin TS, Park HW, Yu NH, Kim YH, Kim JC. Diffusible and Volatile Antifungal Compounds Produced by an Antagonistic Bacillus velezensis G341 against Various Phytopathogenic Fungi. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:488-498. [PMID: 29018312 PMCID: PMC5624491 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2017.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify volatile and agar-diffusible antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus sp. G341 with strong antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. Strain G341 isolated from four-year-old roots of Korean ginseng with rot symptoms was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on 16S rDNA and gyrA sequences. Strain G341 inhibited mycelial growth of all phytopathogenic fungi tested. In vivo experiment results revealed that n-butanol extract of fermentation broth effectively controlled the development of rice sheath blight, tomato gray mold, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, barley powdery mildew, and red pepper anthracnose. Two antifungal compounds were isolated from strain G341 and identified as bacillomycin L and fengycin A by MS/MS analysis. Moreover, volatile compounds emitted from strain G341 were found to be able to inhibit mycelial growth of various phytopathogenic fungi. Based on volatile compound profiles of strain G341 obtained through headspace collection and analysis on GC-MS, dimethylsulfoxide, 1-butanol, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin) were identified. Taken together, these results suggest that B. valezensis G341 can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Mi Lim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Mi-Young Yoon
- Eco-friendly New Material Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Eco-friendly New Material Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
| | - Yong Ho Choi
- Eco-friendly New Material Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Jang
- Eco-friendly New Material Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
| | - Teak Soo Shin
- Crop Protection Research Center, Farm Hannong Company, Ltd., Chungnam 33010,
Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil and various extracts from Cassia sophera L. against Bacillus sp. from soil. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Shi L, Du N, Shu S, Sun J, Li S, Guo S. Paenibacillus polymyxa NSY50 suppresses Fusarium wilt in cucumbers by regulating the rhizospheric microbial community. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41234. [PMID: 28198807 PMCID: PMC5304210 DOI: 10.1038/srep41234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) NSY50, isolated from vinegar residue substrate, suppresses the growth of Fusarium oxysporum in the cucumber rhizosphere and protects the host plant from pathogen invasion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NSY50 application on cucumber growth, soil properties and composition of the rhizospheric soil microbial community after exposure to Fusarium oxysporum. Bacterial and fungal communities were investigated by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1 and ITS2). The results showed that NSY50 effectively reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt (56.4%) by altering the soil physico-chemical properties (e.g., pH, Cmic, Rmic, total N and Corg) and enzyme activities, especially of urease and β-glucosidase, which were significantly increased by 2.25- and 2.64-fold, respectively, relative to the pathogen treatment condition. More specifically, NSY50 application reduced the abundance of Fusarium and promoted potentially beneficial groups, including the Bacillus, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, Actinospica, Catenulispora and Pseudomonas genera. Thus, our results suggest that NSY50 application can improve soil properties, shift the microbial community by increasing beneficial strains and decreasing pathogen colonization in the cucumber rhizosphere, and reduce the occurrence of cucumber Fusarium wilt, thereby promoting cucumber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanshan Du
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, China
| | - Shuzhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, China
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Antimycotic Role of Soil Bacillus sp. Against Rice Pathogens: A Biocontrol Prospective. Microb Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6847-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Chen Q, Liu B, Wang J, Che J, Liu G, Guan X. Antifungal Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus sp. FJAT-14262 Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil of the Medicinal Plant Anoectochilus roxburghii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:155-167. [PMID: 27854037 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop biocontrol Bacillus and explore bacterial biocontrol substances. According to the blood agar test, strain FJAT-14262 was screened as a biosurfactant-producer. The biosurfactant-producing ability of FJAT-14262 was further confirmed by the oil spreading tests because of its amphipathic character. Furthermore, its fermentation supernatant could decrease the surface tension from 74.1 to 32.7 mN m-1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that the biosurfactant produced by the strain FJAT-14262 was a kind of lipopeptides. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis demonstrated that this lipopeptide contained surfactin with polar amino acids and hydrophobic fatty acid chains. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis revealed that the nonribosomal peptide synthetases genes srfAA, srfAB, and srfAC were structurally conserved in the FJAT-14262 genome. Importantly, the crude surfactant exhibited strong inhibitory activities against Fusarium oxysporum, suggesting that strain FJAT-14262 could be a potential biological control agent against Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Agrobiological Resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agrobiological Resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jieping Wang
- Agrobiological Resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Che
- Agrobiological Resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Agrobiological Resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Guan Z, Cai Y, Liao X. Antifungal Activity of Isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SYBC H47 for the Biocontrol of Peach Gummosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162125. [PMID: 27583463 PMCID: PMC5008826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gummosis disease is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex. Fr) Ces. et de Not., and it is one of the most important diseases of stone fruits worldwide. The use of biocontrol as an alternative approach to synthetic chemical fungicides has aroused general concern about how to control plant diseases that are caused by phytopathogens. The aim of this study is to isolate Bacillus strains from raw honeys with the capacity to inhibit B. dothidea and to explore the mechanisms by which they could be used in the biocontrol of peach gummosis. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SYBC H47 was isolated and identified on the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and its 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The cell suspension and the cell-free supernatant of its culture showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Mucor racemosus, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium citrinum, and Candida albicans by agar-diffusion assays. The primary antifungal substances were bacillomycin L, fengycin, and surfactin, which were analyzed by HPLC LC/ESI-MS/MS. Bacillomycin L showed the best inhibitory effect against conidial germination of B. dothidea, followed by fengycin and surfactin. Surfactin had limited effects on mycelial growth, contrary to those of bacillomycin L and fengycin. However, a mixture of the three lipopeptides had a synergistic effect that disrupted the structure of the conidia and mycelia. In order to reduce the production cost, the use of waste frying peanut oil and soy oil as the sole carbon source increased the lipopeptide yield levels by approximately 17% (2.42 g/L) and 110% (4.35 g/L), respectively. In a field trial, the decreases in the infected gummosis rate (IGR) and the disease severity index (DSI) through cell suspension treatments were 20% and 57.5% (in 2014), respectively, and 40% and 57.5% (in 2015), respectively, in comparison with the control. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens SYBC H47 could inhibit the germination of conidia and the growth of mycelia from B. dothidea; therefore, this strain behaves as a potential biocontrol agent against the gummosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- The Bioscience and Engineering College, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhengbing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangru Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Potential of Bacillus isolates as bio-control agents against some fungal phytopathogens. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zohora US, Ano T, Rahman MS. Biocontrol of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> K1 by Iturin A Producer <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> RB14 Seed Treatment in Tomato Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2016.66042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The family
Bacillaceae
constitutes a phenotypically diverse and globally ubiquitous assemblage of bacteria. Investigation into how evolution has shaped, and continues to shape, this family has relied on several widely ranging approaches from classical taxonomy, ecological field studies, and evolution in soil microcosms to genomic-scale phylogenetics, laboratory, and directed evolution experiments. One unifying characteristic of the
Bacillaceae
, the endospore, poses unique challenges to answering questions regarding both the calculation of evolutionary rates and claims of extreme longevity in ancient environmental samples.
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhao R, Jin T, Zhang X, Chen X. Deleting multiple lytic genes enhances biomass yield and production of recombinant proteins by Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:129. [PMID: 25176138 PMCID: PMC4243946 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis is widely used in agriculture and industrial biotechnology; however, cell autolysis significantly decreases its yield in liquid cultures. Numerous factors mediate the lysis of B. subtilis, such as cannibalism factors, prophages, and peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases. The aim of this work was to use molecular genetic techniques to develop a new strategy to prevent cell lysis and enhance biomass as well as the production of recombinant proteins. Results Five genes or genetic elements representing three different functional categories were studied as follows: lytC encoding PG hydrolases, the prophage genes xpf and yqxG-yqxH-cwlA (yGlA), and skfA and sdpC that encode cannibalism factors. Cell lysis was reduced and biomass was enhanced by deleting individually skfA, sdpC, xpf, and lytC. We constructed the multiple deletion mutant LM2531 (skfA sdpC lytC xpf) and found that after 4 h of culture, its biomass yield was significantly increased compared with that of prototypical B. subtilis 168 (wild-type) strain and that 15% and 92% of the cells were lysed in cultures of LM2531 and wild-type, respectively. Moreover, two expression vectors were constructed for producing recombinant proteins (β-galactosidase and nattokinase) under the control of the P43 promoter. Cultures of LM2531 and wild-type transformants produced 13741 U/ml and 7991 U/ml of intracellular β-galactosidase, respectively (1.72-fold increase). Further, the level of secreted nattokinase produced by strain LM2531 increased by 2.6-fold compared with wild-type (5226 IU/ml vs. 2028 IU/ml, respectively). Conclusions Our novel, systematic multigene deletion approach designed to inhibit cell lysis significantly increased the biomass yield and the production of recombinant proteins by B. subtilis. These findings show promise for guiding efforts to manipulate the genomes of other B. subtilis strains that are used for industrial purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0129-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kumar SN, Sreekala SR, Chandrasekaran D, Nambisan B, Anto RJ. Biocontrol of Aspergillus species on peanut kernels by antifungal diketopiperazine producing Bacillus cereus associated with entomopathogenic nematode. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106041. [PMID: 25157831 PMCID: PMC4144970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode associated Bacillus cereus and the antifungal compounds produced by this bacterium were evaluated for their activity in reducing postharvest decay of peanut kernels caused by Aspergillus species in in vitro and in vivo tests. The results showed that B. cereus had a significant effect on biocontrol effectiveness in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The antifungal compounds produced by the B. cereus were purified using silica gel column chromatography and their structure was elucidated using extensive spectral analyses. The compounds were identified as diketopiperazines (DKPs) [cyclo-(L-Pro-Gly), cyclo(L-Tyr-L-Tyr), cyclo-(L-Phe-Gly) and cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp)]. The antifungal activities of diketopiperazines were studied against five Aspergillus species and best MIC of 2 µg/ml was recorded against A. flavus by cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp). To investigate the potential application of cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp) to eliminate fungal spoilage in food and feed, peanut kernels was used as a food model system. White mycelia and dark/pale green spores of Aspergillus species were observed in the control peanut kernels after 2 days incubation. However the fungal growth was not observed in peanut kernels treated with cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp). The cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp) was nontoxic to two normal cell lines [fore skin (FS) normal fibroblast and African green monkey kidney (VERO)] up to 200 µg/ml in MTT assay. Thus the cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp) identified in this study may be a promising alternative to chemical preservatives as a potential biopreservative agent which prevent fungal growth in food and feed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the entomopathogenic nematode associated B. cereus and cyclo(4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Trp) could be used as a biocontrol agents against postharvest fungal disease caused by Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Nishanth Kumar
- Division of Crop Protection/Division of Crop Utilization, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreerag Ravikumar Sreekala
- Division of Crop Protection/Division of Crop Utilization, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Bala Nambisan
- Division of Crop Protection/Division of Crop Utilization, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Integrated Cancer Research Program, Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvanathapuram, India
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