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Khan SR, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Mehta R, Satapathy P, Mohanty A, Sah R. Recent mumps resurgence in India: general childhood vaccination is needed. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:586-588. [PMID: 38775228 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2355274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharib Raza Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Rachana Mehta
- Dr Lal Pathlabs Nepal, Chandol, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department/AL, Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department/AL, Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Green City Hospital, Tokha, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Zibolenová J, Malobická E, Ulbrichtová R, Novák M, Chladná Z, Waczulíková I, Litvová S, Mikas J, Mečochová A, Hudečková H. Probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in adult population - Estimation from seroepidemiology and historical data. Vaccine 2024; 42:1648-1655. [PMID: 38342718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against measles is one of the most effective public health interventions which has saved millions of lives and interrupted circulation of the natural virus in the population. However, it is widely accepted that the immunity after vaccination can wane, especially in those who have had no contact with the virus. This study aimed to classify the particular birth cohorts of adults with regard to their exposure to the wild measles virus in the population with a long history of mandatory vaccination. We introduced two methods. In the first, we estimated the probability of exposure to the wild virus through an analysis of antibody levels from the Immunologic Survey performed in the Slovak Republic in 2018, while the second was based on historical epidemiological data. Both methods resulted in similar estimations. Cohorts born in Slovakia before 1964 can be considered to be cohorts in which most people were exposed to the wild measles virus. Cohorts born after 1977 can be designated as cohorts that most likely did not come into the contact with the wild virus. Cohorts born between 1965 and 1976 are composed of a mixture, with a decreasing proportion of people exposed to the wild virus with increasing year of birth. The proposed methods can help identify potential immunity gaps in the adult population. They can be applied in other countries with high measles vaccination coverage to estimate the probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in particular birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zibolenová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Malobická
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Romana Ulbrichtová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Chladná
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Slávka Litvová
- Faculty of Healthcare, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mikas
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Mečochová
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Castiñeiras ACP, Sales AC, Picone CDM, Diogo CL, Rossi ÁD, Galliez RM, Ferreira ODC, Castiñeiras TMPP, Lopes MH, Sartori AMC. The decline of measles antibody titers in previously vaccinated adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e4. [PMID: 38198377 PMCID: PMC10768653 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The global reemergence of measles in 2018-2019 reinforces the relevance of high-coverage immunization to maintain the disease elimination. During an outbreak in the Sao Paulo State in 2019, several measles cases were reported in individuals who were adequately vaccinated according to the current immunization schedule recommends. This study aimed to assess measles IgG antibody seropositivity and titers in previously vaccinated adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted at CRIE-HC-FMUSP (Sao Paulo, Brazil) in 2019. It included healthy adults who had received two or more Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccines (MMR) and excluded individuals with immunocompromising conditions. Measles IgG antibodies were measured and compared by ELISA (Euroimmun®) and chemiluminescence (LIASON®). The association of seropositivity and titers with variables of interest (age, sex, profession, previous measles, number of measles-containing vaccine doses, interval between MMR doses, and time elapsed since the last MMR dose) was analyzed. A total of 162 participants were evaluated, predominantly young (median age 30 years), women (69.8%) and healthcare professionals (61.7%). The median interval between MMR doses was 13.2 years, and the median time since the last dose was 10.4 years. The seropositivity rate was 32.7% by ELISA and 75.3% by CLIA, and a strong positive correlation was found between the tests. Multivariate analyses revealed that age and time since the last dose were independently associated with positivity. Despite being a single-center evaluation, our results suggest that measles seropositivity may be lower than expected in adequately immunized adults. Seropositivity was higher among older individuals and those with a shorter time since the last MMR vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carla Pinto Castiñeiras
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Emergentes e Reemergentes, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caroline Sales
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Melo Picone
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Constância Lima Diogo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Emergentes e Reemergentes, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Átila Duque Rossi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Emergentes e Reemergentes, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mello Galliez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Emergentes e Reemergentes, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Orlando da Costa Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Emergentes e Reemergentes, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto Castiñeiras
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Emergentes e Reemergentes, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Heloísa Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Imunologia (LIM-48), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marli Christovam Sartori
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Imunologia (LIM-48), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Simakawa RM, Araújo BC, Ono E, De Moraes-Pinto MI, Succi RCM. Measles seroprevalence in adolescents and young adults living with HIV and response to MMR booster in seronegative ones. AIDS 2024; 38:123-125. [PMID: 38061022 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study analyzed people with HIV (PWH) measles seroprevalence and response to MMR booster given to seronegative individuals. DESIGN A prospective cohort study with four groups: vertically (v-HIV), horizontally infected (h-HIV) individuals, and two control groups. An MMR booster was offered to seronegative individuals. RESULTS Measles seropositivity and IgG antibodies were significantly lower in v-HIV than in the other groups. All measles seronegative patients responded to booster. CONCLUSION An MMR booster must be sought during adolescence in vertically PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Simakawa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang M, Yuan Q, Deng PF, Fei Y, Zhang H, Zhou F, Chen WJ, Cao Q, Chen J, Gao YJ. Measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination in children after completion of chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center prospective efficacy and safety analysis. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1062-1070. [PMID: 37087716 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can damage the immune system, and may result in a loss of protection from infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these treatments on the decrease in antibody titers of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and seroconversion post-revaccination of MMR. METHODS After completion of treatment for primary diseases, participants received an MMR revaccination. Antibody titers for MMR before revaccination were analyzed for all 110 children. After revaccination, 68 participants received a follow-up evaluation of antibody titer and adverse reaction. RESULTS Multivariable analysis showed that therapeutic schedules were the only factor correlated with lack of antibody titers for measles after completing treatment (P = 0.008), while for mumps and rubella, no statistically significant difference was observed. Importantly, our study clearly demonstrated positive seroconversion rates for measles (97.5%), mumps (81.0%), and rubella (93.2%), with antibody levels rising across the board and peaking at around 6 months following revaccination. However, 6 months after revaccination, a downtrend of antibody titer levels was observed, which is comparatively earlier than the waning immunity observed in healthy children. Furthermore, we found MMR revaccination to be safe, with only a single adverse reaction (local pain at the injection site) reported. CONCLUSIONS MMR revaccination is immunogenic for the population. We suggest periodic monitoring of antibody titers, in addition to a booster vaccination, although the optimal timing of booster vaccination remains to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Peng-Fei Deng
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Yi Fei
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wen-Juan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yi-Jin Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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De Francesco MA. Measles Resurgence in Europe: An Open Breakthrough in the Field of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:1192. [PMID: 37887708 PMCID: PMC10609729 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles is a highly transmissible respiratory infection due to an enveloped, negative single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the genus Morbillivirus, the family Paramyxoviridae and the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia De Francesco
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Franconeri L, Antona D, Cauchemez S, Lévy-Bruhl D, Paireau J. Two-dose measles vaccine effectiveness remains high over time: A French observational study, 2017-2019. Vaccine 2023; 41:5797-5804. [PMID: 37586955 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2008 to 2019, France has experienced a resurgence of measles epidemics. Surveillance data have shown that the proportion of cases vaccinated with two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increased with age, raising concerns about the duration of vaccine protection. Our objectives were to investigate age-stratified vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the second dose of MCV (MCV2) and to quantify protection levels over time. METHODS We analyzed data on measles cases aged 2-31 years, reported via mandatory notification to the French measles surveillance system from October 2017 to September 2019. We estimated an age-stratified VE for MCV2 using the screening method, which compares the vaccination status of cases with that of the general population. We improved this method by accounting for natural immunity, exploring four scenarios with four possible levels of natural immunity in the population. In addition, we quantified the decay rate of protection over time, by fitting an exponential decay model among individuals vaccinated in early life. RESULTS In the baseline analysis (absence of natural immunity), VE estimates were high in all age groups and decreased with age, from 99.6 % (95 % confidence interval: 99.3-99.8) in 2-5 years old to 91.4 % (85.1-95.0) in 26-31 years old. Accounting for natural immunity increased VE in the older age group to 93.2-99.2 % depending on the scenario. We estimated that VE was slowly decreasing over time, with an exponential decay rate of 0.0022/year (0.0017-0.0028), leading to VE of 96.7 % (96.0-97.4) 16 years after MCV2 vaccination. This decline was most compatible with scenario 2, a scenario of 4.4 % naturally immunized, non-vaccinated individuals in the 26-31 years old. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the continued high effectiveness of two doses of MCV with only slight degradation, decades after immunization. These findings support the importance of achieving a very high vaccination coverage with 2 doses of MCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Franconeri
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France.
| | - Denise Antona
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France
| | - Juliette Paireau
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
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8
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Zibolenová J, Hudečková H, Chladná Z, Malobická E, Novák M, Waczulíková I, Mikas J, Mečochová A. Quantification of Waning Immunity After Measles Vaccination-Evidence From a Seroprevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1379-1385. [PMID: 36935110 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify rates of waning immunity after measles vaccination from seroprevalence data collected in a study of a population with high vaccination coverage and a fixed vaccination schedule. Data were collected during a national survey (the Immunological Survey) carried out in the Slovak Republic in 2018. The average rate of waning immunity against measles after the first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (ages 1.5-10 years) was 9.7% per year from the geometric mean titer value of 2,634 mUI/mL. The average waning rate after the second dose of MMR vaccine (ages 10-33 years) was significantly lower: 4.8% per year from the lower geometric mean titer of 1,331 mUI/mL. This decline in antibody levels suggests that vaccine-induced protection may be compromised and results in an increase in the proportion of seronegative/borderline individuals. These outcomes may provide a valuable source for critical assessment of direct and indirect effects of MMR vaccination.
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9
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Zuo C, Ling Y, Zhu F, Ma X, Xiang G. Exploring epidemic voluntary vaccinating behavior based on information-driven decisions and benefit-cost analysis. APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION 2023; 447:127905. [PMID: 36818690 PMCID: PMC9922198 DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2023.127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A complex dynamic interplay exists between epidemic transmission and vaccination, which is significantly influenced by human behavioral responses. We construct a research framework combining both the function modeling of the cumulative global COVID-19 information and limited individuals' information processing capacity employing the Gompertz model for growing processes. Meanwhile, we built a function representing the decision to get vaccinated following benefit-cost analysis considered the choices made by people in each scenario have an influence from altruism, free-riding and immunity escaping capacity. Through the mean-field calculation analysis and using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with constant step size, we obtain plots from numerical simulations. We found that only when the total number of infectious individuals proves sufficient to reach and exceed a certain level will the individuals face a better trade-off in determining whether to get vaccinated against the diseases based on that information. Besides, authoritative media have a higher decisive influence and efforts should be focused on extending the duration of vaccine protection, which is beneficial to inhibit the outbreaks of epidemics. Our work elucidates that reducing the negative payoff brought about by the free-riding behavior for individuals or improving the positive payoff from the altruistic motivation helps to control the disease in cultures that value social benefits, vaccination willingness is generally stronger. We also note that at a high risk of infection, the decision of vaccination is highly correlated with global epidemic information concerning COVID-19 infection, while at times of lower risk, it depends on the game theoretic vaccine strategy. The findings demonstrate that improving health literacy, ensuring open and transparent information on vaccine safety and efficacy as a public health priority can be an effective strategy for mitigating inequalities in health education, as well as alleviating the phenomenon that immunity escaping abilities is more likely to panic by populations with high levels of education. In addition, prosocial nudges are great ways to bridge these immunity gaps that can contribute to implementing government public health control measures, creating a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zuo
- School of Management Engineering and E-commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuting Ling
- School of Management Engineering and E-commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fenping Zhu
- Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- School of Management Engineering and E-commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guochun Xiang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Wang Q, Wang W, Winter AK, Zhan Z, Ajelli M, Trentini F, Wang L, Li F, Yang J, Xiang X, Liao Q, Zhou J, Guo J, Yan X, Liu N, Metcalf CJE, Grenfell BT, Yu H. Long-term measles antibody profiles following different vaccine schedules in China, a longitudinal study. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1746. [PMID: 36990986 PMCID: PMC10054217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the long-term kinetics of maternally derived and vaccine-induced measles immunity is critical for informing measles immunization strategies moving forward. Based on two prospective cohorts of children in China, we estimate that maternally derived immunity against measles persists for 2.4 months. Following two-dose series of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) at 8 and 18 months of age, the immune protection against measles is not lifelong, and antibody concentrations are extrapolated to fall below the protective threshold of 200 mIU/ml at 14.3 years. A catch-up MCV dose in addition to the routine doses between 8 months and 5 years reduce the cumulative incidence of seroreversion by 79.3-88.7% by the age of 6 years. Our findings also support a good immune response after the first MCV vaccination at 8 months. These findings, coupled with the effectiveness of a catch-up dose in addition to the routine doses, could be instrumental to relevant stakeholders when planning routine immunization schedules and supplemental immunization activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Amy K Winter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zhifei Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Filippo Trentini
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaohong Liao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Yan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuolan Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - C Jessica E Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bryan T Grenfell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Ishige T, Shimizu T, Watanabe K, Arai K, Kamei K, Kudo T, Kunisaki R, Tokuhara D, Naganuma M, Mizuochi T, Murashima A, Inoki Y, Iwata N, Iwama I, Koinuma S, Shimizu H, Jimbo K, Takaki Y, Takahashi S, Cho Y, Nambu R, Nishida D, Hagiwara SI, Hikita N, Fujikawa H, Hosoi K, Hosomi S, Mikami Y, Miyoshi J, Yagi R, Yokoyama Y, Hisamatsu T. Expert consensus on vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:135-157. [PMID: 36629948 PMCID: PMC9838549 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapies can affect the immune response to or safety of vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The appropriateness of vaccination should be assessed prior to the initiation of IBD treatment because patients with IBD frequently undergo continuous treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. This consensus was developed to support the decision-making process regarding appropriate vaccination for pediatric and adult patients with IBD and physicians by providing critical information according to the published literature and expert consensus about vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) [excluding cervical cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] in Japan. This consensus includes 19 important clinical questions (CQs) on the following 4 topics: VPDs (6 CQs), live attenuated vaccines (2 CQs), inactivated vaccines (6 CQs), and vaccination for pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding (5 CQs). These topics and CQs were selected under unified consensus by the members of a committee on intractable diseases with support by a Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant. Physicians should provide necessary information on VPDs to their patients with IBD and carefully manage these patients' IBD if various risk factors for the development or worsening of VPDs are present. This consensus will facilitate informed and shared decision-making in daily IBD clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kamei
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kunisaki
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mizuochi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Murashima
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center of Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Inoki
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Iwata
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Itaru Iwama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachi Koinuma
- Japan Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy, National Center of Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Takaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shohei Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nambu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishida
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hagiwara
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Hikita
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metro Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Department of Intestinal Inflammation Research, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ferreira MS, Cardoso MA, Mazzucchetti L, Sabino EC, Avelino-Silva VI. Factors associated with incomplete vaccination and negative antibody test results for measles, mumps, and hepatitis A among children followed in the MINA-BRAZIL cohort. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e16. [PMID: 36921204 PMCID: PMC10013469 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination coverage has been dropping in Brazil and other countries. In addition, immune responses after vaccination may not be homogeneous, varying according to sociodemographic and clinical factors. Understanding the determinants of incomplete vaccination and negative antibody test results may contribute to the development of strategies to improve vaccination effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of vaccine adherence, factors associated with incomplete vaccination for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and hepatitis A, and factors associated with the seronegative test results for measles, mumps and hepatitis A at 2 years of age. This was a population-based cohort that addressed health conditions and mother/infant nutrition in Cruzeiro do Sul city, Brazil. Vaccination data were obtained from official certificates of immunization. The children underwent blood collection at the two-year-old follow-up visit; the samples were analyzed using commercially available kits to measure seropositivity for measles, mumps, and hepatitis A. We used modified Poisson regression models adjusted for covariates to identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination and negative serology after vaccination. Out of the 825 children included in the study, adherence to the vaccine was 90.6% for MMR, 76.7% for the MMRV (MMR + varicella), and 74.9% for the hepatitis A vaccine. For MMR, after the adjustment for covariates, factors associated with incomplete vaccination included: white-skinned mother; paid maternity leave; raising more than one child; lower number of antenatal consultations; and attending childcare. For hepatitis A, the factors included: white-skinned mother and not having a cohabiting partner. The factors with statistically significant association with a negative antibody test result included: receiving Bolsa Familia allowance for measles and mumps; incomplete vaccination for measles; and vitamin A deficiency for mumps. Strategies to improve the efficiency of vaccine programs are urgently needed. These include improvements in communication about vaccine safety and efficacy, and amplification of access to primary care facilities, prioritizing children exposed to the sociodemographic factors identified in this study. Additionally, sociodemographic factors and vitamin A deficiency may impact the immune responses to vaccines, leading to an increased risk of potentially severe and preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midiã Silva Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marly Augusto Cardoso
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lalucha Mazzucchetti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Iida Avelino-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Armas F, Chandra F, Lee WL, Gu X, Chen H, Xiao A, Leifels M, Wuertz S, Alm EJ, Thompson J. Contextualizing Wastewater-Based surveillance in the COVID-19 vaccination era. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107718. [PMID: 36584425 PMCID: PMC9783150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) offers a tool for cost-effective oversight of a population's infections. In the past two years, WBS has proven to be crucial for managing the pandemic across different geographical regions. However, the changing context of the pandemic due to high levels of COVID-19 vaccination warrants a closer examination of its implication towards SARS-CoV-2 WBS. Two main questions were raised: 1) Does vaccination cause shedding of viral signatures without infection? 2) Does vaccination affect the relationship between wastewater and clinical data? To answer, we review historical reports of shedding from viral vaccines in use prior to the COVID-19 pandemic including for polio, rotavirus, influenza and measles infection and provide a perspective on the implications of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies with regard to the potential shedding of viral signatures into the sewershed. Additionally, we reviewed studies that looked into the relationship between wastewater and clinical data and how vaccination campaigns could have affected the relationship. Finally, analyzing wastewater and clinical data from the Netherlands, we observed changes in the relationship concomitant with increasing vaccination coverage and switches in dominant variants of concern. First, that no vaccine-derived shedding is expected from the current commercial pipeline of COVID-19 vaccines that may confound interpretation of WBS data. Secondly, that breakthrough infections from vaccinated individuals contribute significantly to wastewater signals and must be interpreted in light of the changing dynamics of shedding from new variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Armas
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Franciscus Chandra
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Amy Xiao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Mats Leifels
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Eric J Alm
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Janelle Thompson
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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14
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Zhang Y, Gabere M, Tylor MA, Simoes CC, Dumbauld C, Barro O, Tesfay MZ, Graham AL, Ferdous KU, Savenka AV, Chamcheu JC, Washam CL, Alkam D, Gies A, Byrum SD, Conti M, Post SR, Kelly T, Borad MJ, Cannon MJ, Basnakian A, Nagalo BM. Repurposing live attenuated trivalent MMR vaccine as cost-effective cancer immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1042250. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that oncolytic viruses wield their therapeutic capability by priming an inflammatory state within the tumor and activating the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in a multifaceted antitumor immune response. Vaccine-derived viruses, such as measles and mumps, have demonstrated promising potential for treating human cancer in animal models and clinical trials. However, the extensive cost of manufacturing current oncolytic viral products makes them far out of reach for most patients. Here by analyzing the impact of intratumoral (IT) administrations of the trivalent live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses (MMR) vaccine, we unveil the cellular and molecular basis of MMR-induced anti-cancer activity. Strikingly, we found that IT delivery of low doses of MMR correlates with tumor control and improved survival in murine hepatocellular cancer and colorectal cancer models via increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ granzyme B+ T-cells and decreased macrophages. Moreover, our data indicate that MMR activates key cellular effectors of the host’s innate and adaptive antitumor immunity, culminating in an immunologically coordinated cancer cell death. These findings warrant further work on the potential for MMR to be repurposed as safe and cost-effective cancer immunotherapy to impact cancer patients globally.
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Yang T, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Guo X, Yu S, Zhao Z, Deng B, Huang J, Liu W, Su Y, Chen T. Age-specific transmission dynamic of mumps: A long-term large-scale modeling study in Jilin Province, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:968702. [PMID: 36420012 PMCID: PMC9678053 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.968702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite the adoption of a new childhood immunization program in China, the incidence of mumps remains high. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2019 and to assess the transmissibility of mumps virus among the whole population and different subgroups by regions and age groups. Methods The Non-age-specific and age-specific Susceptible-Exposed-Pre-symptomatic-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEPIAR) models were fitted to actual mumps incidence data. The time-varying reproduction number (R t ) was used to evaluate and compare the transmissibility. Results From 2005 to 2019, a total of 57,424 cases of mumps were reported in Jilin Province. The incidence of mumps was the highest in people aged 5 to 9 years (77.37 per 100,000). The two SEPIAR models fitted the reported data well (P < 0.01). The median transmissibility (R t ) calculated by the two SEPIAR models were 1.096 (range: 1.911 × 10-5-2.192) and 1.074 (range: 0.033-2.114) respectively. The age-specific SEPIAR model was more representative of the actual epidemic of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005-2019. Conclusions For mumps control, it is recommended that mumps-containing vaccines (MuCV) coverage be increased nationwide in the 5-9 years age group, either by a mumps vaccine alone or by a combination of vaccines such as measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The coverage of vaccines in Jilin Province should be continuously expanded to establish solid immunity in the population. China needs to redefine the optimal time interval for MuCV immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinglong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Tianmu Chen
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Yanhua Su
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Quach HQ, Ovsyannikova IG, Grill DE, Warner ND, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Seroprevalence of Measles Antibodies in a Highly MMR-Vaccinated Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1859. [PMID: 36366367 PMCID: PMC9698789 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As an extremely contagious pathogen, a high rate of vaccine coverage and the durability of vaccine-induced immunity are key factors to control and eliminate measles. Herein, we assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies specific to measles in a cohort of 1393 adults (20-44 years old). ELISA results showed a nontrivial proportion of 37.6% study subjects being negative for measles immunoglobulin G (IgG). We also found significant influences of sex and age of the study cohort on the IgG level. Our findings suggest that even within a highly vaccinated population, a subset of individuals may still have sub-optimal immunity against measles and potentially be susceptible during any future measles outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Quang Quach
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathaniel D. Warner
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hoshi SL, Okubo R, Tabuchi K, Seposo X, Shono A, Kondo M. Cost-effectiveness analyses of monovalent mumps vaccination programs for Japanese children. Vaccine 2022; 40:5513-5522. [PMID: 35965241 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common preventative measure against mumps is vaccination with mumps vaccine. Over 122 countries have implemented mumps vaccine routine immunization programs, mostly via Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine. In Japan, the unexpectedly high incidence of aseptic meningitis caused by mumps vaccine led to the discontinuation of the MMR national vaccination program in 1993, inadvertently resulting in the re-emergence of mumps. Plans of introducing monovalent mumps vaccine into routine vaccination schedule have become one of the emerging topics in health policy that has warranted the need in evaluating its value for money. METHODS We conducted cost-effectiveness analyses with Markov model and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of two different vaccination programs (a single-dose program at one-year-old, a two-dose program with second dose uptakes at five) compared to status quo from both payers' and societal perspectives. Transition probabilities and utility weights in estimating quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and disease treatment costs were either estimated or obtained from literature. Costs per vaccination were assumed at ¥6140 (US$58;1US$ = ¥106). RESULTS Both programs reduce disease treatment costs compared to status quo, while the reduction cannot offset vaccination cost. ICER of either program is found to be under ¥5,000,000 (US$47,170)/QALY willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold from either perspective. Results of probabilistic sensitivity analyses expressed by net monetary benefit indicated that at the WTP threshold, the acceptability is at 92.6% for two-dose vaccination program, 0% for single-dose vaccination program, and 7.4% for current no vaccination program. Two-dose program was optimal among the alternatives. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that proportion of mumps-related hearing loss among mumps cases and vaccine effectiveness (VE) were key variables in changing the ICERs. CONCLUSION Routine vaccination program of single- and two-dose programs were cost-effective from both payers' and societal perspectives. Between the two, the two-dose vaccination program was observed to be more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hoshi
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577 Japan.
| | - Reiko Okubo
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577 Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058576 Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Aiko Shono
- Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Regulatory Science, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Masahide Kondo
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577 Japan
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18
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Leveraging a national biorepository in Zambia to assess measles and rubella immunity gaps across age and space. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10217. [PMID: 35715547 PMCID: PMC9204687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality, representative serological surveys allow direct estimates of immunity profiles to inform vaccination strategies but can be costly and logistically challenging. Leveraging residual serum samples is one way to increase their feasibility. We subsampled 9854 residual sera from a 2016 national HIV survey in Zambia and tested these specimens for anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies using indirect enzyme immunoassays. We demonstrate innovative methods for sampling residual sera and analyzing seroprevalence data, as well as the value of seroprevalence estimates to understand and control measles and rubella. National measles and rubella seroprevalence for individuals younger than 50 years was 82.8% (95% CI 81.6, 83.9%) and 74.9% (95% CI 73.7, 76.0%), respectively. Despite a successful childhood vaccination program, measles immunity gaps persisted across age groups and districts, indicating the need for additional activities to complement routine immunization. Prior to vaccine introduction, we estimated a rubella burden of 96 congenital rubella syndrome cases per 100,000 live births. Residual samples from large-scale surveys can reduce the cost and challenges of conducting serosurveys, and multiple pathogens can be tested. Procedures to access quality specimens, ensure ethical approvals, and link sociodemographic data can improve the timeliness and value of results.
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19
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Araujo BC, Simakawa R, Munhoz LG, Carmo FB, de Menezes Succi RC, de Moraes-Pinto MI. Rubella antibodies in vertically and horizontally HIV-infected young adults vaccinated early in life and response to a booster dose in those with seronegative results. Vaccine 2022; 40:4496-4502. [PMID: 35717264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very limited data are available on the persistence of rubella antibodies in vertically HIV-infected individuals who were vaccinated early in life. METHODS Prospective, cohort study on 4 groups of patients: 96 vertically HIV-1-infected individuals (v-HIV), 69 horizontally HIV-1-infected individuals (h-HIV), 93 healthy controls previously vaccinated for rubella (vac-CON) and 20 healthy controls with history of rubella disease (dis-CON). A blood sample was collected and rubella antibodies were analyzed by ELISA. Rubella antibodies above 10 IU/mL were considered protective. Individuals with seronegative results were offered an extra MMR vaccine dose and were tested at least 30 days afterwards. RESULTS Time since previous rubella vaccination was similar in v-HIV, h-HIV and vac-CON (16, 11 and 11 years; p = 0.428). v-HIV and h-HIV were also comparable regarding median CD4 T cells (613 and 614 cells/mm3; p = 0.599) and percentage on ART (93.8% and 98.6%; p = 0.135) at study entry. v-HIV had less individuals on virological suppression (63.5%) compared to 85.5% in h-HIV (p < 0.001). Rubella seropositivity and antibodies were significantly lower in v-HIV compared to h-HIV (32.3% vs 65.5%, 4.3 IU/mL vs 21.1 IU/mL; p < 0.001). Time interval between the last rubella vaccine dose and study entry was associated with an increase of rubella seronegativity, with a 7% higher chance of seronegativity for each one-year increase. After an extra MMR dose, 40 out of 48 (83.3%) seronegative individuals responded, with no significant difference among groups considering rubella seropositivity and antibody levels. CONCLUSION As vertically HIV-infected individuals reach adolescence and adulthood, assessment of vaccine antibodies can identify those who might benefit from an extra vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Collaço Araujo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Simakawa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Munhoz
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Carmo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia de Menezes Succi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Moraes-Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Schenk J, Abrams S, Litzroth A, Cornelissen L, Grammens T, Theeten H, Hens N. Identifying immunity gaps for measles using Belgian serial serology data. Vaccine 2022; 40:3676-3683. [PMID: 35589453 PMCID: PMC9108896 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, have been re-emerging in countries with moderate to high vaccine uptake. It is increasingly important to identify and close immunity gaps and increase coverage of routine childhood vaccinations, including two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). Here, we present a simple cohort model relying on a Bayesian approach to evaluate the evolution of measles seroprevalence in Belgium using the three most recent cross-sectional serological survey data collections (2002, 2006 and 2013) and information regarding vaccine properties. We find measles seroprevalence profiles to be similar for the different regions in Belgium. These profiles exhibit a drop in seroprevalence in birth cohorts that were offered vaccination at suboptimal coverages in the first years after routine vaccination has been started up. This immunity gap is observed across all cross-sectional survey years, although it is more pronounced in survey year 2013. At present, the COVID-19 pandemic could negatively impact the immunization coverage worldwide, thereby increasing the need for additional immunization programs in groups of children that are impacted by this. Therefore, it is now even more important to identify existing immunity gaps and to sustain and reach vaccine-derived measles immunity goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Schenk
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Steven Abrams
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium,Global Health Institute (GHI), Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Amber Litzroth
- Service of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Cornelissen
- Service of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tine Grammens
- Service of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Theeten
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium,Public Health and Surveillance Department, Zorg en Gezondheid Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium,Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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21
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Yin Z, Wen T, Fang Q, Zheng C, Gong X, Li J, Wang S, Xiang Z. Assessment of mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness by dose during 2006 to 2020 in Quzhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2086774. [PMID: 35675040 PMCID: PMC9621056 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2086774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps cases were reported frequently when a routine dose measles–mumps–rubella(MMR) achieved high coverage in Quzhou. The supplementary immunization activities (SIA) using measles mumps (MM) was conducted to control mumps outbreaks. The effectiveness of one and two doses of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) was assessed using surveillance data in this study. Mumps cases and immunization information were retrieved from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) and the Zhejiang Provincial Immunization Information System (ZJIIS), respectively. Mumps cases of children born from 2006 to 2010 were included. Vaccine effectiveness by dose was calculated using the screening method. A total of 956 mumps cases were identified, of whom 754 (78.9%) had received one dose of MuCV; 108 (11.3%) had received two doses; 94 (9.8%) were unvaccinated. The coverage of one-dose MuCV in the 2006–2010 birth cohorts ranged from 91.6% to 98.9%. Except the 2009 birth cohort in which the coverage of two doses of MuCV was 55.1%, the others were less than 10%. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one dose ranged from 47.4% to 86.0%, while VE of two doses ranged from 64.0% to 92.4%. The VE of one and two doses of MuCV waned over time, but the VE of two doses was consistently higher than that of one dose in the same period. The vaccine schedule with two-dose MMR should be implemented among children in Quzhou. The optimal age for the second dose needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yin
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingcui Wen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quanjun Fang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Gong
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junji Li
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziling Xiang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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22
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Geier DA, Geier MR. Childhood MMR Vaccination Effectiveness Against Rubella: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221094266. [PMID: 35572032 PMCID: PMC9096188 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221094266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccine effectiveness (VE) of childhood measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to reduce childhood rubella infections in the US during the 1990s/2000s was undertaken in a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. SAS and StatsDirect software were utilized to examine non-identifiable linked eligibility and claim healthcare records prospectively generated from the Florida Medicaid system in the Independent Healthcare Research Database (IHRD). A total of 33 839 children received a single MMR vaccination (vaccinated) and 44 154 children never received a rubella-containing vaccine (unvaccinated) were continuously eligible from 1990 to 2009 for Florida Medicaid within the first 10 years following birth. Cox proportional hazards models determined VE against diagnosed rubella (ICD-9 code: 056.xx). Children receiving MMR were at significantly reduced risk of rubella in unadjusted (VE = 80.7%, 95% confidence interval = 73.7%-85.8%) and adjusted (VE = 78.6%, 95% confidence interval = 70.8%-84.3%) models as compared to unvaccinated children. Between 1991 and 2009, in the combined vaccinated-unvaccinated cohort examined on a yearly basis, a significant inverse correlation between increasing MMR vaccine population coverage and a decreasing incidence rate of diagnosed rubella was observed. This first large-scale population epidemiological study supports the routine use childhood MMR vaccination to significantly reduce childhood rubella infections and also supports its ability to induce “herd immunity.” This study, coupled with a recently published epidemiological study showing childhood MMR vaccination significantly reduced measles infections, provide powerful epidemiological evidence strongly supporting MMR vaccination as an effective tool to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mark R. Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Abstract
Rubella is an acute illness caused by rubella virus and characterised by fever and rash. Although rubella is a clinically mild illness, primary rubella virus infection in early pregnancy can result in congenital rubella syndrome, which has serious medical and public health consequences. WHO estimates that approximately 100 000 congenital rubella syndrome cases occur per year. Rubella virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact. 25-50% of people infected with rubella virus are asymptomatic. Clinical disease often results in mild, self-limited illness characterised by fever, a generalised erythematous maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy. Complications include arthralgia, arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and encephalitis. Common presenting signs and symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome include cataracts, sensorineural hearing impairment, congenital heart disease, jaundice, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, and microcephaly. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome can be prevented by rubella-containing vaccines, which are commonly administered in combination with measles vaccine. Although global rubella vaccine coverage reached only 70% in 2020 global rubella eradiation remains an ambitious but achievable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Winter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - William J Moss
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Sahoo JK, Tiwari S, Chhapola V, Jais M. Seroprotection against measles in previously vaccinated children with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:843-848. [PMID: 34564736 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are vulnerable to infections. Measles infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed children. A suboptimal seroprotection against measles has been shown in immunocompromised children. There is limited published literature on measles immunity in children with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome (DTNS). We compared the proportions of children with DTNS and healthy controls who were seroprotected against measles. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Measles-specific IgG antibodies of 108 children with DTNS (3 to 10 years of age) and an equal number of age-matched healthy controls were measured. All children had received two doses of measles-containing vaccine at 9-12 and 16-24 months of age under routine immunisation programme. Serum measles IgG antibody titres were measured by indirect ELISA. The assay results were interpreted as (1) > 11 NTU (NovaTec Units), positive/seroprotective titres; (2) 9-11, equivocal; and (3) < 9 NTU, negative. Inter- and intra-group comparisons were made to identify the disease characteristics related to seroprotection status. RESULTS The proportion of children with protective anti-measles antibodies (n = 70, 65%) was significantly lower in DTNS as compared to controls (n = 88, 81.48%) (p = 0.005). Their median [IQR] antibody titres were also significantly lower than those in controls (14.1 [14] NTU vs. 18.3 [15.2] NTU (p = 0.001). The age, gender, clinical subtype, duration of disease, and type of immunosuppressive therapy were not significantly different between seroprotected and non-seroprotected children with DTNS. CONCLUSION A significantly lower percentage of fully vaccinated children with DTNS were seroprotected against measles compared to healthy controls. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital & Lady Hardinge Medical College, Bangla Sahib Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Soumya Tiwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital & Lady Hardinge Medical College, Bangla Sahib Road, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Viswas Chhapola
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital & Lady Hardinge Medical College, Bangla Sahib Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Manoj Jais
- Department of Microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Bangla Sahib Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious, potentially fatal, but vaccine-preventable disease caused by measles virus. Symptoms include fever, maculopapular rash, and at least one of cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis, although vaccinated individuals can have milder or even no symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis relies largely on the detection of specific IgM antibodies in serum, dried blood spots, or oral fluid, or the detection of viral RNA in throat or nasopharyngeal swabs, urine, or oral fluid. Complications can affect many organs and often include otitis media, laryngotracheobronchitis, pneumonia, stomatitis, and diarrhoea. Neurological complications are uncommon but serious, and can occur during or soon after the acute disease (eg, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) or months or even years later (eg, measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). Patient management mainly involves supportive therapy, such as vitamin A supplementation, monitoring for and treatment of secondary bacterial infections with antibiotics, and rehydration in the case of severe diarrhoea. There is no specific antiviral therapy for the treatment of measles, and disease control largely depends on prevention. However, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles is still endemic in many countries and causes considerable morbidity and mortality, especially among children in resource-poor settings. The low case numbers reported in 2020, after a worldwide resurgence of measles between 2017 and 2019, have to be interpreted cautiously, owing to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on disease surveillance. Disrupted vaccination activities during the pandemic increase the potential for another resurgence of measles in the near future, and effective, timely catch-up vaccination campaigns, strong commitment and leadership, and sufficient resources will be required to mitigate this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
- Laboratoire des Virus Entériques et de la Rougeole, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Julia Dina
- Virology Department, Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1311 DynaMicURe, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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Friedrich N, Poethko-Müller C, Kuhnert R, Matysiak-Klose D, Koch J, Wichmann O, Santibanez S, Mankertz A. Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps-, and Rubella-specific antibodies in the German adult population - cross-sectional analysis of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2021; 7:100128. [PMID: 34557838 PMCID: PMC8454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO European Region targets the elimination of measles, rubella, and the congenital rubella syndrome and welcomes mumps elimination via the joint MMR vaccine. In a push towards this elimination goal, Germany introduced a recommendation on MMR vaccination for adults in 2010 to prevent increasing numbers of measles cases among adults and to strengthen herd immunity. METHODS The prevalence of anti-measles, -mumps, and -rubella IgG antibodies was analysed in 7,115 participants between the ages of 18 and 79 years in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey. Risk factors of seronegativity of adults born 1970 or later were determined. FINDINGS The seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG antibodies was more than 97% in adults born before 1965 and less than 90% in adults born afterwards. Prevalence and GMTs declined with later years of birth. Seronegativity was associated with two-sided migration background and region of residence in East Germany. For anti-mumps IgG antibodies, the seroprevalence was less than 90% in almost all age groups. Prevalence and GMTs declined with later years of birth. Seronegativity was not associated with any socio-demographic factor. Anti-rubella IgG seropositivity was found in more than 90% of adults born before 1985. GMTs declined in younger age groups. Seronegativity was associated with birth between 1980 and 1993 and male gender. High socio-economic status lowered the odds of being seronegative. INTERPRETATION These data reinforce the implementation of the vaccination recommendation for adults and provide the basis for further evaluation of this measure. FUNDING The Federal Ministry of Health, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Friedrich
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Epidemiological Data Centre, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Judith Koch
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Santibanez
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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A 100-fold increasing in measles virus titer following enrichment of culture medium with MgSO4. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu Y, Xiong Y, Liang Y, Deng X, Hu Y, Hu R, Chen Q, Tang F, Wang Z, Sun X, Guo H, Zhang L, Zhu FC. Waning immunity and potential asymptomatic infection in 3-7 years old children who received one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: A 4-year prospective study. Vaccine 2021; 39:3509-3515. [PMID: 33994238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps outbreaks in adolescents who received two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) during childhood have been reported worldwide. In China, one dose of MMR administered in children aged among 18-24 months has a limited effect on the mumps epidemic. There are limited prospective studies evaluating the mumps immunity profile of children aged 3-7 years who received one dose of MMR. This study aimed to describe mumps immunity profile over a span of 4-years in kindergarten and primary school children. METHODS An observational, prospective study on one-dose MMR in children aged 3-7 years who underwent blood sample collection in 2015, 2016, and 2018 was conducted from 2015 to 2018. The seropositivity and geometric mean concentration of mumps IgG antibodies over time were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 3346 eligible children aged 3-7 years who underwent three rounds of blood sample collection were included. The overall seropositivity (79.6%) in 2015 was significantly higher than those recorded in 2016 (73.1%) and 2018 (71.4%). Approximately 11.6-15.9% of the participants were seropositive for mumps in 2015, and converted to negative in 2016. Meanwhile, 11.1-14.6% of the participants were seropositive for mumps in 2016, and the results converted to negative in 2018. Over 6.1-7.4% of the participants had asymptomatic infection from 2015 to 2016, while 9.0-9.9% of the participants were infected without clinical symptoms from 2016 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Kindergarten and primary school children who only received one dose of MMR were at higher risk of developing mumps. Waning immunity, seronegative conversion, and asymptomatic infection coexist in children who received one dose MMR. Determining the optimal age for administering the second dose of MMR in children should be prioritized to improve the control and prevention of mumps in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Qinhuai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yaqiong Liang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiuying Deng
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongxiong Guo
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
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