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Long Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Guo H, Cui G. The complex effects of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1309-1323. [PMID: 39075895 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities. Neuroinflammatory plaques formed through the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β proteins, as well as neurofibrillary tangles formed by the intracellular deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, comprise two typical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Besides symptomatic treatment, there are no effective therapies for delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. MicroRNAs (miR) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels and play important roles in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, miR-146a, a NF-κB-regulated gene, has been extensively implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease through several pathways. Research has demonstrated substantial dysregulation of miR-146a both during the initial phases and throughout the progression of this disorder. MiR-146a is believed to reduce amyloid-β deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation through the TLR/IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway; however, there is also evidence supporting that it can promote these processes through many other pathways, thus exacerbating the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. It has been widely reported that miR-146a mediates synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death by targeting mRNAs encoding synaptic-related proteins, mitochondrial-related proteins, and membrane proteins, as well as other mRNAs. Regarding the impact on glial cells, miR-146a also exhibits differential effects. On one hand, it causes widespread and sustained inflammation through certain pathways, while on the other hand, it can reverse the polarization of astrocytes and microglia, alleviate neuroinflammation, and promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation, thus maintaining the normal function of the myelin sheath and exerting a protective effect on neurons. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We aim to elucidate the relationship between miR-146a and the key pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, such as amyloid-β deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuronal death, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and glial cell dysfunction, as well as summarize recent relevant studies that have highlighted the potential of miR-146a as a clinical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Long
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Farhadieh ME, Mozafar M, Sanaaee S, Sodeifi P, Kousha K, Zare Y, Zare S, Maleki Rad N, Jamshidi-Goharrizi F, Allahverdloo M, Rahimi A, Sadeghi M, Shafie M, Mayeli M. Polygenic hazard score predicts synaptic and axonal degeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease continuum. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 127:105576. [PMID: 39096557 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and neurofilaments light (NFL) are biomarkers of synaptic and axonal injury, and are associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contiuum. We investigated whether Polygenic Hazard Score (PHS) is associated with specific biomarkers and cognitive measures, and if it can predict the relationship between GAP-43, NFL, and cognitive decline in AD. METHOD We enrolled 646 subjects: 93 with AD, 350 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 203 cognitively normal controls. Variables included GAP-43, plasma NFL, and PHS. A PHS of 0.21 or higher was considered high risk while a PHS below this threshold was considered low risk. A subsample of 190 patients with MCI with four years of follow-up cognitive assessments were selected for longitudinal analysis . We assessed the association of the PHS with AD biomarkers and cognitive measures, as well as the predictive power of PHS on cognitive decline and the conversion of MCI to AD. RESULTS PHS showed high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD, MCI, and controls. At each follow-up point, high risk MCI patients showed higher level of cognitive impairment compared to the low risk group. GAP-43 correlated with all follow-up cognitive tests in high risk MCI patients which was not detected in low risk MCI patients. Moreover, high risk MCI patients progressed to dementia more rapidly compared to low risk patients. CONCLUSION PHS can predict cognitive decline and impacts the relationship between neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive impairment in AD contiuum. Categorizing patients based on PHS can improve the prediction of cognitive outcomes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Erfan Farhadieh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mozafar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saameh Sanaaee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Sodeifi
- School of Medicine, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Kousha
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Zare
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Zare
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Maleki Rad
- Department of Linguistic, Faculty of Literatures and Human Sciences, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Jamshidi-Goharrizi
- Department of Sociology-Cultural Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch, Hormozgan, Iran; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahverdloo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arman Rahimi
- Institue of Translational Medicine, Semmelwis, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mohammad Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Shafie
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Bigler ED, Allder S, Victoroff J. What traditional neuropsychological assessment got wrong about mild traumatic brain injury. II: limitations in test development, research design, statistical and psychometric issues. Brain Inj 2024; 38:1053-1074. [PMID: 39066740 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2376261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This is Part II of a four-part opinion review on traditional neuropsychological assessment methods and findings associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This Part II review focuses on historical, psychometric and statistical issues involving traditional neuropsychological methods that have been used in neuropsychological outcome studies of mTBI, but demonstrates the critical limitations of traditional methods. RESEARCH DESIGN This is an opinion review. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Traditional neuropsychological tests are dated and lack specificity in evaluating such a heterogenous and complex injury as occurs with mTBI. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS In this review, we demonstrate traditional neuropsychological methods were never developed as standalone measures for detecting subtle changes in neurocognitive or neurobehavioral functioning and likewise, never designed to address the multifaceted issues related to underlying mTBI neuropathology symptom burden from having sustained a concussive brain injury. CONCLUSIONS For neuropsychological assessment to continue to contribute to clinical practice and outcome literature involving mTBI, major innovative changes are needed that will likely require technological advances of novel assessment techniques more specifically directed to evaluating the mTBI patient. These will be discussed in Part IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Bigler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Steven Allder
- Consultant Neurologist and Clinical Director, Re: Cognition Health, London, UK
| | - Jeff Victoroff
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Górska AM, Santos-García I, Eiriz I, Brüning T, Nyman T, Pahnke J. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) mouse proteomes for the validation and description of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 411:110239. [PMID: 39102902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass spectrometry (MS)-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics is an important method for discovering biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. CSF serves as a reservoir for interstitial fluid (ISF), and extensive communication between the two fluid compartments helps to remove waste products from the brain. NEW METHOD We performed proteomic analyses of both CSF and ISF fluid compartments using intracerebral microdialysis to validate and detect novel biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in APPtg and C57Bl/6J control mice. RESULTS We identified up to 625 proteins in ISF and 4483 proteins in CSF samples. By comparing the biofluid profiles of APPtg and C57Bl/6J mice, we detected 37 and 108 significantly up- and downregulated candidates, respectively. In ISF, 7 highly regulated proteins, such as Gfap, Aldh1l1, Gstm1, and Txn, have already been implicated in AD progression, whereas in CSF, 9 out of 14 highly regulated proteins, such as Apba2, Syt12, Pgs1 and Vsnl1, have also been validated to be involved in AD pathogenesis. In addition, we also detected new interesting regulated proteins related to the control of synapses and neurotransmission (Kcna2, Cacng3, and Clcn6) whose roles as AD biomarkers should be further investigated. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS This newly established combined protocol provides better insight into the mutual communication between ISF and CSF as an analysis of tissue or CSF compartments alone. CONCLUSIONS The use of multiple fluid compartments, ISF and CSF, for the detection of their biological communication enables better detection of new promising AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Górska
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo NO-0372, Norway.
| | - Irene Santos-García
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo NO-0372, Norway.
| | - Ivan Eiriz
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo NO-0372, Norway.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo NO-0372, Norway.
| | - Tuula Nyman
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital (OUS) and University of Oslo (UiO), Faculty of Medicine, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo NO-0372, Norway.
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo NO-0372, Norway; Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM) and Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck D-23538, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, Rīga LV-1004, Latvia; School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv IL-6997801, Israel.
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Zhang Y, Lingler JH, Bender CM, Seaman JB. Dignity in people with dementia: A concept analysis. Nurs Ethics 2024; 31:1220-1232. [PMID: 38907527 DOI: 10.1177/09697330241262469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: Dignity, an abstract and complex concept, is an essential part of humanity and an underlying guiding principle in healthcare. Previous literature indicates dignity is compromised in people with dementia (PwD), but those PwD maintain the capacity to live with dignity with appropriate external support. Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) lead to progressive functional decline and increased vulnerability and dependence, leading to heightened risks of PwD receiving inappropriate or insufficient care that diminishes dignity. Considering the increased disease prevalence and the continuously escalating costs of dementia care, establishing a productive value-based guideline may prevent suffering, maximize dignity, and thus promote quality of life (QoL).Aim: The goal of this project is to identify actionable targets for integrating dignity harmoniously and practically into care planning and management for PwD.Research Design: We conducted a concept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-step process. A comprehensive literature search was conducted (PubMed and CINAHL) with the keywords "dignity," "dementia," "Alzheimer's disease," and "dementia care."Results: A total of 42 out of 4910 publications were included. The concept of dignity in PwD is operationalized as the promotion of worthiness and the accordance of respect that allows the presence and expression of a person's sense of self, regardless of physical, mental, or cognitive health. The concept has two subdimensions: absolute dignity which encompasses the inherent self and relative dignity characterized by its dynamic reflective nature. Worthiness and respect are the two main attributes, while autonomy is an underlying component of dignity. Specific antecedents of dignity in PwD are empowerment, non-maleficence, and adaptive environmental scaffolding. As a consequence of facilitating dignity in PwD, QoL may be enhanced.Conclusion: As a foundational and necessary humanistic value, incorporating dignity into dementia care can lead to efficient and effective care that optimizes QoL in PwD throughout their disease progression.
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Corderfeldt Keiller A, Axelsson M, Bragadottir G, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Olofsson Bagge R. A prospective feasibility trial exploring novel biomarkers for neurotoxicity after isolated limb perfusion. Perfusion 2024; 39:1657-1666. [PMID: 37933726 PMCID: PMC11505376 DOI: 10.1177/02676591231213506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a regional cancer treatment in which high-dose chemotherapy is administered in an isolated extremity. The main side effect is regional toxicity, which occasionally leads to nerve damage. Measuring neuroaxonal biomarkers, might be a method predicting such complications. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to investigate if neuronal biomarkers are measurable and alters in an isolated extremity during ILP. Secondly, if postoperative regional toxicity, alterations in sensitivity, and/or muscle strength are correlated to the biomarker levels. METHODS Eighteen scheduled ILP-patients were included in the study. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), and tau concentrations were measured in plasma sampled preoperatively, at the start and end of the ILP, on days 3 and 30, using ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) technology. The patients were assessed by a physiotherapist pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS At ILP end, significantly higher NfL and tau levels were measured in the extremity than in the corresponding systemic circulation (NfL; 17 vs 6 ng/L, p < .01, tau; 1.8 vs 0.6 ng/L, p < .01), and the extremity levels were significantly increased at ILP end (NfL; 66 ± 37%, p < .001, tau; 75 ± 45%, p = .001). On days 3 and 30, significantly increased NfL and GFAP levels were measured systemically (NfL day 3: 69 ± 30%, p < .001; day 30: 76 ± 26%, p < .001; GFAP day 3: 33 ± 22%, p < .002; day 30: 33 ± 23%, p ≤ .004). Finally, no significant correlations were found between regional toxicity or between postoperative muscle or sensitivity decrease and biomarker release. CONCLUSION During ILP, NfL and tau levels increased significantly. No obvious correlations were observed between biomarker release and regional toxicity or decreased muscle strength or sensitivity, although large-scale studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corderfeldt Keiller
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Bragadottir
- Department of thoracic anesthesia and intensive care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Milos T, Vuic B, Balic N, Farkas V, Nedic Erjavec G, Svob Strac D, Nikolac Perkovic M, Pivac N. Cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: an update of the literature. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:1063-1079. [PMID: 39233323 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2400683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is rapidly increasing, and there is a growing interest in the use of CSF biomarkers in monitoring the response to therapy, especially in the light of newly available approaches to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. AREAS COVERED In this review we discuss the most relevant measures of neurodegeneration that are being used to distinguish patients with AD from healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, in order to provide an overview of the latest information available in the scientific literature. We focus on markers related to amyloid processing, markers associated with neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, neuroaxonal injury and degeneration, synaptic loss and dysfunction, and markers of α-synuclein pathology. EXPERT OPINION In addition to neuropsychological evaluation, core CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181) have been recommended for improvement of timely, accurate and differential diagnosis of AD, as well as to assess the risk and rate of disease progression. In addition to the core CSF biomarkers, various other markers related to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial activation (neurogranin, SNAP-25, Nfl, YKL-40, TREM2) are now investigated and have yet to be validated for future potential clinical use in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Milos
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Vuic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Balic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Sciences Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina, Krapina, Croatia
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Choi YJ, Haddadnezhad M, Baek SJ, Lee CN, Park S, Sim SJ. Plasmonic Nanogap-Enhanced Tunable Three-Dimensional Nanoframes in Application to Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Sens 2024; 9:5587-5595. [PMID: 39356173 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in nanotechnology led to significant improvements in synthesizing plasmon-enhanced nanoarchitectures for biosensor applications, and high-yield productivity at low cost is vital to step further into medical commerce. Metal nanoframes via wet chemistry are gaining attention for their homogeneous structure and outstanding catalytic and optical properties. However, nanoframe morphology should be considered delicately when brought to biosensors to utilize its superior characteristics thoroughly, and the need to prove its clinical applicability still remains. Herein, we controlled the frameworks of double-walled nanoframes (DWFs) precisely via wet chemistry to construct a homogeneous plasmon-enhanced nanotransducer for localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors. By tuning the physical properties considering the finite-difference time-domain simulation results, biomolecular interactions were feasible in the electromagnetic field-enhanced nanospace. As a result, DWF10 exhibited a 10-fold lower detection limit of 2.21 fM compared to DWF14 for tau detection. Further application into blood-based clinical and Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics, notable improvement in classifying mild cognitive impairment patients against healthy controls and AD patients, was demonstrated along with impressive AUC values. Thus, in response to diverse detection methods, optimizing nanoframe dimensions such as nanogap and frame thickness to maximize sensor performance is critical to realize future POCT diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - MohammadNavid Haddadnezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - Seung Jong Baek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Nyoung Lee
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Shen H, Yu Y, Wang J, Nie Y, Tang Y, Qu M. Plasma lipidomic signatures of dementia with Lewy bodies revealed by machine learning, and compared to alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:226. [PMID: 39407312 PMCID: PMC11476188 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that often overlaps clinically with Alzheimer's disease (AD), presenting challenges in accurate diagnosis and underscoring the need for novel biomarkers. Lipidomic emerges as a promising avenue for uncovering disease-specific metabolic alterations and potential biomarkers, particularly as the lipidomics landscape of DLB has not been previously explored. We aim to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and elucidate the disease's pathophysiological mechanisms. METHODS This study conducted a lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from patients with DLB, AD, and healthy controls (HCs) at Xuanwu Hospital. Untargeted plasma lipidomic profiling was conducted via liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Machine learning methods were employed to discern lipidomic signatures specific to DLB and to differentiate it from AD. RESULTS The study enrolled 159 participants, including 57 with AD, 48 with DLB, and 54 HCs. Significant differences in lipid profiles were observed between the DLB and HC groups, particularly in the classes of sphingolipids and phospholipids. A total of 55 differentially expressed lipid species were identified between DLB and HCs, and 17 between DLB and AD. Correlations were observed linking these lipidomic profiles to clinical parameters like Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) and cognitive scores. Machine learning models demonstrated to be highly effective in distinguishing DLB from both HCs and AD, achieving substantial accuracy through the utilization of specific lipidomic signatures. These include PC(15:0_18:2), PC(15:0_20:5), and SPH(d16:0) for differentiation between DLB and HCs; and a panel includes 13 lipid molecules: four PCs, two PEs, three SPHs, two Cers, and two Hex1Cers for distinguishing DLB from AD. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a novel and comprehensive lipidomic profile of DLB, distinguishing it from AD and HCs. Predominantly, sphingolipids (e.g., ceramides and SPHs) and phospholipids (e.g., PE and PC) were the most dysregulated lipids in relation to DLB patients. The lipidomics panels identified through machine learning may serve as effective plasma biomarkers for diagnosing DLB and differentiating it from AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Shen
- Departments of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yueyi Yu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Nie
- Departments of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Miao Qu
- Departments of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Departments of Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Lowe VJ, Mester CT, Lundt ES, Lee J, Ghatamaneni S, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Campbell MR, Graff-Radford J, Nguyen A, Min HK, Senjem ML, Machulda MM, Schwarz CG, Dickson DW, Murray ME, Kandimalla KK, Kantarci K, Boeve B, Vemuri P, Jones DT, Knopman D, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Mielke MM. Amyloid PET detects the deposition of brain Aβ earlier than CSF fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39392211 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the relationship between amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers will define their potential utility in Aβ treatment. Few population-based or neuropathologic comparisons have been reported. METHODS Participants 50+ years with Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers (phosphorylated tau [p-tau]181/Aβ42, n = 505, and Aβ42/40, n = 54) were included from the Mayo Clinic Study on Aging. From these participants, an autopsy subgroup was identified (n = 47). The relationships of Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers were assessed cross-sectionally in all participants and longitudinally in autopsy data. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, more participants were Aβ PET+ versus Aβ CSF- than Aβ PET- versus Aβ CSF+ with an incremental effect when using Aβ PET regions selected for early Aβ deposition. The sensitivity for the first detection of Thal phase ≥ 1 in longitudinal data was higher for Aβ PET (89%) than p-tau181/Aβ42 (64%). DISCUSSION Aβ PET can detect earlier cortical Aβ deposition than Aβ CSF biomarkers. Aβ PET+ versus Aβ CSF- findings are several-fold greater using regional Aβ PET analyses and in peri-threshold-standardized uptake value ratio participants. HIGHLIGHTS Amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) has greater sensitivity for Aβ deposition than Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in early Aβ development. A population-based sample of participants (n = 505) with PET and CSF tests was used. Cortical regions showing early Aβ on Aβ PET were also used in these analyses. Neuropathology was used to validate detection of Aβ by Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carly T Mester
- Departments of Radiology and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily S Lundt
- Departments of Radiology and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Michelle R Campbell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Aivi Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bradley Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Doke R, Lamkhade GJ, Vinchurkar K, Singh S. Demystifying the Role of Neuroinflammatory Mediators as Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2987-3003. [PMID: 39416969 PMCID: PMC11475310 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory mediators play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), influencing its onset, progression, and severity. The precise mechanisms behind AD are still not fully understood, leading current treatments to focus mainly on managing symptoms rather than preventing or curing the condition. The amyloid and tau hypotheses are the most widely accepted explanations for AD pathology; however, they do not completely account for the neuronal degeneration observed in AD. Growing evidence underscores the crucial role of neuroinflammation in the pathology of AD. The neuroinflammatory hypothesis presents a promising new approach to understanding the mechanisms driving AD. This review examines the importance of neuroinflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of AD. It delves into the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in AD, highlighting the involvement of various mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and ROS. Additionally, this review discusses the potential of neuroinflammatory biomarkers as diagnostic tools, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets for AD management. By understanding the intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and AD pathology, this review aims to help in the development of efficient diagnostic and treatment plans to fight this debilitating neurological condition. Furthermore, it elaborates recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques and biofluid analysis for the identification and monitoring of neuroinflammatory biomarkers in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit
R. Doke
- Jaihind
College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon Sahani, Pune, Maharashtra 412401, India
| | | | - Kuldeep Vinchurkar
- Krishna
School of Pharmacy, Kiran and Pallavi Patel
Global University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391243, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office
of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50200, Thailand
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50200, Thailand
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12
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Charidimou A, Boulouis G. Core CSF Biomarker Profile in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Updated Meta-Analysis. Neurology 2024; 103:e209795. [PMID: 39270153 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a clear need to characterize and validate molecular biomarkers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), in an effort to improve diagnostics, especially in the context of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) receiving immunotherapies (for whom underlying CAA is the driver of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities). We performed an updated meta-analysis of 5 core CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ438, total tau [T-tau], and phosphorylated tau [P-tau]) to assess which of these are most altered in sporadic CAA. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed for eligible studies reporting data on CSF biomarkers reflecting APP metabolism (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ38), neurodegeneration (T-tau), and tangle pathology (P-tau), in symptomatic sporadic CAA cohorts (based on the Boston criteria) vs control groups and/or vs patients with AD. Biomarker performance was assessed in random-effects meta-analysis based on ratio of mean (RoM) biomarker concentrations in (1) patients with CAA to controls and (2) CAA to patients with AD. RoM >1 indicates higher biomarker concentration in CAA vs comparison population, and RoM <1 indicates higher concentration in comparison groups. RESULTS 8 studies met inclusion criteria: a total of 11 CAA cohorts (n = 289), 9 control cohorts (n = 310), and 8 AD cohorts (n = 339). Overall included studies were of medium quality based on our assessment tools. CAA to controls had lower mean level of all amyloid markers with CSF Aβ42, Aβ40, and Aβ38 RoMs of 0.46 (95% CI 0.38-0.55, p < 0.0001), 0.70 (95% CI 0.63-0.78, p < 0.0001), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.89, p = 0.003), respectively. CSF T-tau and P-tau RoMs of patients with CAA to controls were both greater than 1: 1.56 (95% CI 1.32-1.84, p < 0.0001) and 1.31 (95% CI 1.13-1.51, p < 0.0001), respectively. Differentiation between CAA and AD was strong for CSF Aβ40 (RoM 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.83, p < 0.0001) and Aβ38 (RoM 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.81, p < 0.0001), but not Aβ42 (RoM 1.00; 95% CI 0.81-1.23, p = 0.970). For T-tau and P-tau, average CSF ratios in patients with CAA vs AD were 0.64 (95% CI 0.58-0.71, p < 0.0001) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.58-0.71, p < 0.0001), respectively. DISCUSSION Specific CSF patterns of Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ38, T-tau, and P-tau might serve as molecular biomarkers of CAA, in research and clinical settings, offering the potential to improve the clinical diagnostic approach pathway in specific scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Charidimou
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C.), Boston University Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Gregoire Boulouis
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C.), Boston University Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), University Hospital, Tours, France
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13
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Zhao L, Qiu Q, Zhang S, Yan F, Li X. Tau pathology mediated the plasma biomarkers and cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2024; 195:112535. [PMID: 39128687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) are putative non-amyloid biomarkers indicative of ongoing inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease processes. Hence, this study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between plasma biomarkers (GFAP and NfL) and 18F-AV-1451 tau PET images, and to explore their effects on cognitive function. Ninety-one participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database and 20 participants from the Shanghai Action of Prevention Dementia for the Elderly (SHAPE) cohort underwent plasma biomarker testing, 18F-AV-1451 tau PET scans and cognitive function assessments. Within the ADNI, there were 42 cognitively normal (CN) individuals and 49 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Similarly, in the SHAPE, we had 10 CN and 10 MCI participants. We calculated the standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for the regions of interest (ROIs) in the 18F-AV-1451 PET scans. Using plasma biomarkers and regional SUVRs, we trained machine learning models to differentiate between MCI and CN subjects with ADNI database and validated in SHAPE. Results showed that eight selected variables (including left amygdala SUVR, right amygdala SUVR, left entorhinal cortex SUVR, age, education, plasma NfL, plasma GFAP, plasma GFAP/ NfL) identified by LASSO could differentiate between the MCI and CN individuals, with AUC ranging from 0.783 to 0.926. Additionally, cognitive function was negatively associated with the plasma biomarkers and tau deposition in amygdala and left entorhinal cortex. Increased tau deposition in amygdala and left entorhinal cortex were related to increased plasma biomarkers. Moreover, tau pathology mediated the effect of plasma biomarkers level on the cognitive decline. The present study provides valuable insights into the association among plasma markers (GFAP and NfL), regional tau deposition and cognitive function. This study reports the mediation effect of brain regions tau deposition on the plasma biomarkers level and cognitive function, indicating the significance of tau pathology in the MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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De Keersmaecker S, De Meyer S, Vandenberghe R. Non-Alzheimer's amnestic mild cognitive impairment with medial temporal hypometabolism. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e70018. [PMID: 39445341 PMCID: PMC11497174 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.70018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers has led to the recognition of a subgroup of non-AD amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients who have medial temporal hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). METHODS In this academic memory-clinic-based consecutive series, 16 non-AD aMCI patients and 28 AD controls matched for sex, age, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were followed for a median duration of 4.5 years. Our primary outcome was the MMSE decline rate over the subsequent years. We also determined the final diagnosis over time. RESULTS FDG-PET showed more pronounced medial temporal hypometabolism in non-AD cases and more inferior parietal lobule hypometabolism in AD controls. MMSE decline was slower in non-AD (β = -0.51) than in AD (β = -2.00) patients. Five non-AD cases developed frontotemporal dementia years after symptom onset, and one developed dementia with Lewy bodies. DISCUSSION Non-AD aMCI patients with medial temporal hypometabolism show slower cognitive decline. Highlights Non-AD aMCI with medial temporal hypometabolism shows slower cognitive decline than AD.FDG-PET revealed distinct metabolic patterns between non-AD aMCI and AD patients.Approximately one-third of non-AD aMCI cases developed frontotemporal dementia.Comprehensive diagnostic biomarkers are crucial for non-AD aMCI characterization.
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15
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Yakimov V, Moussiopoulou J, Hasan A, Wagner E. The common misconception of blood-brain barrier terminology in psychiatry and neurology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1779-1781. [PMID: 37994932 PMCID: PMC11422244 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Yakimov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Joanna Moussiopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- DZPG (German Center of Mental Health), Partner Site, Munich/Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- DZPG (German Center of Mental Health), Partner Site, Munich/Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Evidence-Based Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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16
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de la Monte SM, Tong M. Dysregulated mTOR networks in experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1432359. [PMID: 39386180 PMCID: PMC11461251 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1432359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond the signature amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to exhibit dysregulated metabolic signaling through insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) networks that crosstalk with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Its broad impact on brain structure and function suggests that mTOR is likely an important therapeutic target for AD. Objective This study characterizes temporal lobe (TL) mTOR signaling abnormalities in a rat model of sporadic AD neurodegeneration. Methods Long Evans rats were given intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (ic-STZ) or saline (control), and 4 weeks later, they were administered neurobehavioral tests followed by terminal harvesting of the TLs for histopathological study and measurement of AD biomarkers, neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress markers, and total and phosphorylated insulin/IGF-1-Akt-mTOR pathway signaling molecules. Results Rats treated with ic-STZ exhibited significantly impaired performance on Rotarod (RR) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests, brain atrophy, TL and hippocampal neuronal and white matter degeneration, and elevated TL pTau, AβPP, Aβ, AChE, 4-HNE, and GAPDH and reduced ubiquitin, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ immunoreactivities. In addition, ic-STZ reduced TL pY1135/1136-IGF-1R, Akt, PTEN, pS380-PTEN, pS2448-mTOR, p70S6K, pT412-p70S6K, p/T-pT412-p70S6K, p/T-Rictor, and p/T-Raptor. Conclusion Experimental ic-STZ-induced sporadic AD-type neurodegeneration with neurobehavioral dysfunctions associated with inhibition of mTOR signaling networks linked to energy metabolism, plasticity, and white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Women and Infants Hospital, The Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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17
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Tsui A, Johnstone B, Heslegrave A, Zetterberg H, Watne LO, Neerland BE, Krogseth M, Cunningham C, MacLullich A, Muniz Terrera G, Davis D, Caplan G. Persistent delirium is associated with cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuronal injury. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae319. [PMID: 39355007 PMCID: PMC11443447 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Delirium is associated with the risk of future long-term cognitive impairment, but the degree to which markers of neuronal injury may be distinct or shared with dementia has yet to be comprehensively described. We investigated CSF biomarkers of dementia, astrocytosis and neuronal damage in a clinical cohort with persistent delirium, comparing them with an outpatient memory clinic sample. Our aim was to determine if different patterns of biomarker changes could implicate specific mechanisms for delirium-related neuronal injury over and above that attributable to comorbid dementia. We recruited 35 participants from the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. We included inpatients with delirium persisting for at least 5 days (n = 15, 10 with underlying dementia) and participants from outpatient memory clinics (n = 20, 17 with dementia). CSF assays were as follows: amyloid-β42, amyloid-β40, phosphorylated tau181, neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein. We used propensity score matching to estimate effect sizes for each standardized CSF biomarker separately for persistent delirium (irrespective of underlying dementia) and dementia (irrespective of superimposed delirium). Compared with individuals without delirium, persistent delirium was associated with elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein (normalized coefficient per transformed standard deviation, β = 0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.03-1.68) and neurofilament light chain (β = 1.1; 95% confidence interval: 0.5-1.6), but not phosphorylated tau181. Compared with individuals without dementia, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain and phosphorylated tau181 were all increased to expected levels in dementia cases, with the former two biomarkers at levels comparable to those seen in persistent delirium [glial fibrillary acidic protein (β = 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-2.0) and neurofilament light chain (β = 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.24-1.1)]. Persistent delirium was linked with changes in CSF biomarkers not necessarily attributable to dementia. These findings support the potential that delirium is associated with direct neuronal injury independent of dementia pathophysiology. Whether this neuronal injury involves astrocyte dysfunction or direct axonal damage are both possibilities. Future work examining acute brain injury in delirium is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tsui
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London (UCL), 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- St Pancras Rehabilitation Unit, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 0PE, UK
| | - Benjamin Johnstone
- St Pancras Rehabilitation Unit, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 0PE, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), London W1T 7NF, UK
- Department of Neurochemical Pathophysiology and Diagnostics, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Erik Neerland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Krogseth
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Colm Cunningham
- Institute of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PX31, Ireland
| | - Alasdair MacLullich
- Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Usher Institute Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | | | - Daniel Davis
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London (UCL), 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- St Pancras Rehabilitation Unit, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 0PE, UK
| | - Gideon Caplan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Berry JD, Paganoni S, Harms MB, Shneider N, Andrews J, Miller TM, Babu S, Sherman AV, Harris BT, Provenzano FA, Phatnani HP, Shefner J, Garret MA, Ladha SS, Tsou AY, Mohan P, Igne C, Bowser R. Access for ALL in ALS: A large-scale, inclusive, collaborative consortium to unlock the molecular and genetic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2024. [PMID: 39295118 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has spurred development and imbued the field of ALS with hope for more breakthroughs, yet substantial scientific gaps persist. This unmet need remains a stark reminder that innovative paradigms are needed to invigorate ALS research. To move toward more informative, targeted, and personalized drug development, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established a national ALS clinical research consortium called Access for ALL in ALS (ALL ALS). This new consortium is a multi-institutional effort that aims to organize the ALS clinical research landscape in the United States. ALL ALS is operating in partnership with several stakeholders to operationalize the recommendations of the Accelerating Access to Critical Therapies for ALS Act (ACT for ALS) Public Private Partnership. ALL ALS will provide a large-scale, centralized, and readily accessible infrastructure for the collection and storage of a wide range of data from people living with ALS (symptomatic cohort) or who may be at risk of developing ALS (asymptomatic ALS gene carriers). Importantly, ALL ALS is designed to encourage community engagement, equity, and inclusion. The consortium is prioritizing the enrollment of geographically, ethnoculturally, and socioeconomically diverse participants. Collected data include longitudinal clinical data and biofluids, genomic, and digital biomarkers that will be harmonized and linked to the central Accelerating Medicines Partnership for ALS (AMP ALS) portal for sharing with the research community. The aim of ALL ALS is to deliver a comprehensive, inclusive, open-science dataset to help researchers answer important scientific questions of clinical relevance in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Neil Shneider
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jinsy Andrews
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex V Sherman
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent T Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank A Provenzano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hemali P Phatnani
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy Shefner
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark A Garret
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaffeeq S Ladha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Amy Y Tsou
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Praveena Mohan
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Courtney Igne
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Gogishvili D, Honey MIJ, Verberk IMW, Vermunt L, Hol EM, Teunissen CE, Abeln S. The GFAP proteoform puzzle: How to advance GFAP as a fluid biomarker in neurological diseases. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39289040 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a well-established biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in the central nervous system because of its elevated levels following brain injury and various neurological disorders. The advent of ultra-sensitive methods for measuring low-abundant proteins has significantly enhanced our understanding of GFAP levels in the serum or plasma of patients with diverse neurological diseases. Clinical studies have demonstrated that GFAP holds promise both as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, including but not limited to individuals with Alzheimer's disease. GFAP exhibits diverse forms and structures, herein referred to as its proteoform complexity, encompassing conformational dynamics, isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review, we explore how the proteoform complexity of GFAP influences its detection, which may affect the differential diagnostic performance of GFAP in different biological fluids and can provide valuable insights into underlying biological processes. Additionally, proteoforms are often disease-specific, and our review provides suggestions and highlights areas to focus on for the development of new assays for measuring GFAP, including isoforms, PTMs, discharge mechanisms, breakdown products, higher-order species and interacting partners. By addressing the knowledge gaps highlighted in this review, we aim to support the clinical translation and interpretation of GFAP in both CSF and blood and the development of reliable, reproducible and specific prognostic and diagnostic tests. To enhance disease pathology comprehension and optimise GFAP as a biomarker, a thorough understanding of detected proteoforms in biofluids is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Gogishvili
- Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AI Technology for Life, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madison I J Honey
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Abeln
- Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AI Technology for Life, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Algul FE, Kaplan Y. Increased Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Novel Indicator of Alzheimer's Disease Severity. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024:8919887241280880. [PMID: 39271460 DOI: 10.1177/08919887241280880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration are common features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are easily accessible, cost-effective prognostic indicators of inflammation status. We assessed the diagnostic value of SII and compared the efficacies of NLR, PLR, and SII in predicting AD severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2021 and December 2022, this prospective, cross-sectional clinical study included 175 patients with AD and 61 controls. SII, NLR, and PLR were calculated. RESULTS Age, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts, and NLR and PLR values were significantly different between the patient and control groups (P <.05). Age, hemoglobin, neutrophil, NLR, and SII values were significantly different among dementia severity subgroups (P <.05). Compared with PLR and SII, NLR was more strongly correlated with dementia severity. In the analysis of adjusted data by gender, it was found that hemoglobin level is significantly negatively associated with dementia severity in males, while in females, age and PLR are significantly positively associated with dementia severity, and lymphocyte count and SII are negatively associated. CONCLUSION SII, a novel inflammatory marker, was associated with dementia severity in patients with AD. Compared with PLR and SII, NLR was more strongly correlated with dementia severity. In future studies with larger populations, SII and NLR values can be used to determine dementia severity and establish follow-up plans for patients with high dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E Algul
- Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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21
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Ahn JS, Jang CH. Real-time detection of Tau-381 protein using liquid crystal-based sensors for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114211. [PMID: 39260276 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Tau is a protein found in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in stabilizing microtubules in axons. Given the link between Tau levels in the body and Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a demand for straightforward and precise strategies to detect Tau in body fluids. In this study, we report liquid crystal (LC)-based sensors for the real-time detection of Tau protein, a well-known AD biomarker. The sensor uses a detection method based on the orientation change of the LC because of the competitive biomolecular interaction between Tau and Tau aptamers with the cationic polymer poly-L-lysine (PLL). Tau and its aptamers form stable complexes through electrostatic interactions. Owing to the consumption of the aptamer, the positively charged PLL fails to interact with the aptamer but binds to the negatively charged 1.2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG). The PLL and DOPG complex alters the orientation of the LC to ensure a planar anchoring of the 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB)/aqueous interface; this anchoring intensifies with increasing Tau concentration, thus enabling the observation of a bright optical image. Our LC-based sensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 2.77 pg/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 10.86 pg/mL and 19.31 pg/mL in human serum and plasma, respectively. Moreover, it is anticipated to be suitable for point-of-care diagnosis of AD because it does not require specialized analytical equipment and only requires microliters of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Seong Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero 1342, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero 1342, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Yang Y, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Early-Stage Moderate Alcohol Feeding Dysregulates Insulin-Related Metabolic Hormone Expression in the Brain: Potential Links to Neurodegeneration Including Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:1211-1228. [PMID: 39247872 PMCID: PMC11380283 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most prevalent causes of dementia, is mainly sporadic in occurrence but driven by aging and other cofactors. Studies suggest that excessive alcohol consumption may increase AD risk. Objective Our study examined the degree to which short-term moderate ethanol exposure leads to molecular pathological changes of AD-type neurodegeneration. Methods Long Evans male and female rats were fed for 2 weeks with isocaloric liquid diets containing 24% or 0% caloric ethanol (n = 8/group). The frontal lobes were used to measure immunoreactivity to AD biomarkers, insulin-related endocrine metabolic molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines by duplex or multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results Ethanol significantly increased frontal lobe levels of phospho-tau, but reduced Aβ, ghrelin, glucagon, leptin, PAI, IL-2, and IFN-γ. Conclusions Short-term effects of chronic ethanol feeding produced neuroendocrine molecular pathologic changes reflective of metabolic dysregulation, together with abnormalities that likely contribute to impairments in neuroplasticity. The findings suggest that chronic alcohol consumption rapidly establishes a platform for impairments in energy metabolism that occur in both the early stages of AD and alcohol-related brain degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, the Providence VA Medical Center, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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23
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Zou Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Mu D, Zhong J, Ma C, Mao C, Yu S, Gao J, Qiu L. CSF and blood glial fibrillary acidic protein for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102485. [PMID: 39236854 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently included in the 2024 new revised diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer's disease (AD), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has garnered significant attention. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic, differential diagnostic, and prospective diagnostic performance of GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for AD continuum. A literature search using common electronic databases, important websites and historical search way was performed from inception to the beginning of March 2023. The inclusion criteria was studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of GFAP in CSF and/or blood for the AD continuum patients, utilizing PET scans, CSF biomarkers and/or clinical criteria. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted referring to the Cochrane Handbook. In total, 34 articles were eventually included in the meta-analysis, 29 of which were published within the past three years. Blood GFAP exhibited good diagnostic accuracy across various AD continuum patients, and the summary area under curve for distinguishing PET positive and negative individuals, CSF biomarkers defined positive and negative individuals, clinically diagnosed AD and cognitive unimpaired controls, AD and/or mild cognitive impairment and other neurological diseases, and prospective cases and controls was 0.85[0.81-0.88], 0.77[0.73-0.81], 0.92[0.90-0.94], 0.80[0.77-0.84], and 0.79[0.75-0.82], respectively. Only several studies were recognized to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CSF GFAP, which was not as good as that of blood GFAP (paired mixed data: AUC = 0.86 vs. AUC = 0.77), but its accuracy remarkably increased to AUC = 0.91 when combined with other factors like sex, age, and ApoE genotype. In summary, GFAP, particularly in blood, shown good diagnostic, differential diagnostic, and prospective diagnostic accuracy for AD continuum patients, with improved accuracy when used alongside other basic indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Danni Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chaochao Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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24
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Hunter TR, Santos LE, Tovar-Moll F, De Felice FG. Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and their current use in clinical research and practice. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02709-z. [PMID: 39232196 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
While blood-based tests are readily available for various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and common cancers, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases lack an early blood-based screening test that can be used in primary care. Major efforts have been made towards the investigation of approaches that may lead to minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reliable tests capable of measuring brain pathological status. Here, we review past and current technologies developed to investigate biomarkers of AD, including novel blood-based approaches and the more established cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers of disease. The utility of blood as a source of AD-related biomarkers in both clinical practice and interventional trials is discussed, supported by a comprehensive list of clinical trials for AD drugs and interventions that list biomarkers as primary or secondary endpoints. We highlight that identifying individuals in early preclinical AD using blood-based biomarkers will improve clinical trials and the optimization of therapeutic treatments as they become available. Lastly, we discuss challenges that remain in the field and address new approaches being developed, such as the examination of cargo packaged within extracellular vesicles of neuronal origin isolated from peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai R Hunter
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Luis E Santos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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25
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Chen F, Zhao J, Meng F, He F, Ni J, Fu Y. The vascular contribution of apolipoprotein E to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2024; 147:2946-2965. [PMID: 38748848 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, imposes a substantial societal burden. The persistent inadequacy of disease-modifying drugs targeting amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles suggests the contribution of alternative pathogenic mechanisms. A frequently overlooked aspect is cerebrovascular dysfunction, which may manifest early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of the apolipoprotein E gene, particularly the apolipoprotein ε4 allele as the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, in the cerebrovascular pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we examine the evidence elucidating the cerebrovascular impact of both central and peripheral apolipoprotein E on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We present a novel three-hit hypothesis, outlining potential mechanisms that shed light on the intricate relationship among different pathogenic events. Finally, we discuss prospective therapeutics targeting the cerebrovascular pathology associated with apolipoprotein E and explore their implications for future research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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26
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Wu Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Yang Y, Feng M, Dai H. The Effects of PICALM rs3851179 and Age on Brain Atrophy and Cognition Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6984-6996. [PMID: 38363532 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Rs3851179, a variant of PICALM gene, and age are the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is divided into early-onset AD (EOAD, < 65 years) and late-onset AD (LOAD, ≥ 65 years) by age. The purpose was to investigate the impact of different genotypes of PICALM rs3851179 on brain atrophy and cognitive decline across the AD continuum in different age groups. Four hundred seven cognitive normal (CN) controls, 362 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 94 AD patients were enrolled to assess the interaction between AD continuum, age status, and PICALM on gray matter volume (GMV), global cognition, memory function, and executive function using full factorial ANCOVA (3 × 2 × 2). The interaction between AD continuum and PICALM significantly affected the GMV of the left putamen (PUT.L). rs3851179 A-allele carriers did not show a significant decrease in PUT.L GMV from CN to MCI to AD, while GG-allele carriers did. The interaction between AD continuum and age status was significant on GMV of the left angular gyrus (ANG.L) and right superior occipital gyrus (SOG.R). LOAD had higher GMV of ANG.L and SOG.R than EOAD. The interactive effects among AD continuum, age status, and PICALM were not significant on GMV but were significant on global cognition and executive function. The A-allele was found to have a protective effect on global cognition and executive function in EOAD, but not significantly so in LOAD. PICALM rs3851179 A-allele might alleviate the atrophy of PUT.L across the AD continuum than GG-allele. Age status did not affect the interaction between AD continuum and PICALM on brain atrophy. The ANG.L and SOG.R atrophied more severely in EOAD than in LOAD. Rs3851179 A-allele was protective for global cognition and executive function in EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hefei Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University: The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230011, People's Republic of China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Pourahmad R, saleki K, Zare Gholinejad M, Aram C, Soltani Farsani A, Banazadeh M, Tafakhori A. Exploring the effect of gut microbiome on Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101776. [PMID: 39099604 PMCID: PMC11296257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread and irreversible form of dementia and accounts for more than half of dementia cases. The most significant risk factors for AD are aging-related exacerbations, degradation of anatomical pathways, environmental variables and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finding a decisive therapeutic solution is a major current issue. Nuanced interactions between major neuropathological mechanisms in AD in patients and microbiome have recently gained rising attention. The presence of bacterial amyloid in the gut triggers the immune system, resulting in increased immune feedbacks and endogenous neuronal amyloid within the CNS. Also, early clinical research revealed that changing the microbiome with beneficial bacteria or probiotics could affect brain function in AD. New approaches focus on the possible neuroprotective action of disease-modifying medications in AD. In the present review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiota on the brain and review emerging research that suggests a disruption in the microbiota-brain axis can affect AD by mediating neuroinflammation. Such novel methods could help the development of novel therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Pourahmad
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of E-Learning in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Education and Learning Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Cena Aram
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Banazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Sethi P, Bhaskar R, Singh KK, Gupta S, Han SS, Avinash D, Abomughaid MM, Koul A, Rani B, Ghosh S, Jha NK, Sinha JK. Exploring advancements in early detection of Alzheimer's disease with molecular assays and animal models. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102411. [PMID: 38986845 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a challenging neurodegenerative condition, with overwhelming implications for affected individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Animal models have played a crucial role in studying AD pathogenesis and testing therapeutic interventions. Remarkably, studies on the genetic factors affecting AD risk, such as APOE and TREM2, have provided valuable insights into disease mechanisms. Early diagnosis has emerged as a crucial factor in effective AD management, as demonstrated by clinical studies emphasizing the benefits of initiating treatment at early stages. Novel diagnostic technologies, including RNA sequencing of microglia, offer promising avenues for early detection and monitoring of AD progression. Therapeutic strategies remain to evolve, with a focus on targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology. Advances in animal models, such as APP-KI mice, and the advancement of anti-Aβ drugs signify progress towards more effective treatments. Therapeutically, the focus has shifted towards intricate approaches targeting multiple pathological pathways simultaneously. Strategies aimed at reducing Aβ plaque accumulation, inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, and modulating neuroinflammation are actively being explored, both in preclinical models and clinical trials. While challenges continue in developing validated animal models and translating preclinical findings to clinical success, the continuing efforts in understanding AD at molecular, cellular, and clinical levels offer hope for improved management and eventual prevention of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paalki Sethi
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Kumar Singh
- Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT), Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - D Avinash
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Apurva Koul
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Bindu Rani
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajsthan, India
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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29
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Jing XJ, Zan ZY, Zhou X, Xiong YL, Ren SJ, Zhang H. Associations of Serum Isoleucine with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2024; 28:273-283. [PMID: 38651272 PMCID: PMC11467509 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in blood biomarker discovery have enabled the improved diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most branched-chain amino acids, except isoleucine (Ile), are correlated with both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Therefore, this study investigated the association between serum Ile levels and MCI/AD. METHODS This study stratified 700 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database into four diagnostic groups: cognitively normal, stable MCI, progressive MCI, and AD. Analysis of covariance and chi-square analyses were used to test the demographic data. Receiver operating curve analyses were used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of different biomarkers and were compared by MedCalc 20. Additionally, Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure the ability of serum Ile levels to predict disease conversion. Finally, a linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the associations between serum Ile levels and cognition, brain structure, and metabolism. RESULTS Serum Ile concentration was decreased in AD and demonstrated significant diagnostic efficacy. The combination of serum Ile and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (P-tau) improved the diagnostic accuracy in AD compared to total tau (T-tau) alone. Serum Ile levels significantly predicted the conversion from MCI to AD (cutoff value of 78.3 μM). Finally, the results of this study also revealed a correlation between serum Ile levels and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale Q4. CONCLUSIONS Serum Ile may be a potential biomarker of AD. Ile had independent diagnostic efficacy and significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of CSF P-tau in AD. MCI patients with a lower serum Ile level had a higher risk of progression to AD and a worse cognition assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jun Jing
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Zan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-lan Xiong
- Department of Neurology, the Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu-jiang Ren
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, the Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Marcigaglia S, De Plus R, Vandendriessche C, Schiltz E, Cuypers ML, Cools J, Hoffman LD, Vandenbroucke RE, Dewilde M, Haesler S. Microfluidic Interfaces for Chronic Bidirectional Access to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400438. [PMID: 38885495 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is an additive manufacturing technique with micron-scale resolution that is rapidly gaining ground for a range of biomedical applications. TPP is particularly attractive for the creation of microscopic three-dimensional structures in biocompatible and noncytotoxic resins. Here, TPP is used to develop microfluidic interfaces which provide chronic fluidic access to the brain of preclinical research models. These microcatheters can be used for either convection-enhanced delivery (CED) or for the repeated collection of liquid biopsies. In a brain phantom, infusions with the micronozzle result in more localized distribution clouds and lower backflow compared to a control catheter. In mice, the delivery interface enables faster, more precise, and physiologically less disruptive fluid injections. A second microcatheter design enables repeated, longitudinal sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over time periods as long as 250 days. Moreover, further in vivo studies demonstrate that the blood-CSF barrier is intact after chronic implantation of the sampling interface and that samples are suitable for downstream molecular analysis for the identification of nucleic acid- or peptide-based biomarkers. Ultimately, the versatility of this fabrication technique implies a great translational potential for simultaneous drug delivery and biomarker tracking in a range of human neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marcigaglia
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Robin De Plus
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Eleonore Schiltz
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lynn Cuypers
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jordi Cools
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Current affiliation, Thermofisher Scientific (AIG/MSD), Dilbeek, 1702, Belgium
| | - Luis D Hoffman
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Current affiliation, SWave Photonics, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dewilde
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Haesler
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Costa MFD, Rösler TW, Höglinger GU. Exploring the neuroprotective potential of Nrf2-pathway activators against annonacin toxicity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20123. [PMID: 39209951 PMCID: PMC11362529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the Nrf2 pathway, a master regulator of the antioxidant response and cellular metabolism, has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy in tauopathies, a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by intracellular proteinaceous inclusions of abnormally phosphorylated tau. Here, we explored the neuroprotective potential of different Nrf2-pathway activators in human immortalized dopaminergic neurons against annonacin-induced toxicity, a mitochondrial inhibitor associated with a PSP-like syndrome and capable of mimicking tauopathy-like features. Interestingly, we observed heterogenous and compound-dependent neuroprotective effects among the different Nrf2-pathway activators. With the exception of Fyn inhibitors, all the selected Nrf2-pathway activators improved cell viability and the oxidative status, and reduced the annonacin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and neurite degeneration, particularly the p62-activators. However, improvement of the impaired mitochondrial function was only observed by the Bach-1 inhibitor. Surprisingly, we found evidence that ezetimibe, an approved drug for hypercholesterolemia, prevents the transcriptional upregulation of 4R-tau triggered by annonacin insult. Overall, our results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of the Nrf2-pathway activators against annonacin toxicity may rely on the specific mechanism of action, intrinsic to each compound, and possibly on the concomitant modulation of additional signaling pathways. Further research will be needed to fully understand how synergistic modulation of metabolic adaptation and cell survival can be exploit to develop new therapeutical strategies for tauopathies and eventually other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia F D Costa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas W Rösler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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Bae SJ, Jang Y, Kim Y, Park JH, Jang JH, Oh JY, Jang SY, Ahn S, Park HJ. Gut Microbiota Regulation by Acupuncture and Moxibustion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1245-1273. [PMID: 39192678 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been numerous studies investigating the impact of acupuncture and/or moxibustion on the gut microbiota, but the results have been inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that included both preclinical and clinical studies to assess the current evidence regarding the effects of acupuncture on gut microbiota changes. We collected relevant studies from EMBASE and PubMed, collected outcomes including diversity and relative abundance measures of the gut microbiome, and the summarized effect estimates were calculated using the ratio of means (ROM) with 95% confidence intervals. Our analysis identified three clinical studies and 20 preclinical studies, encompassing various diseases and models, including colitis and obesity. The pooled results indicated no significant difference in alpha diversity changes between treatment groups and controls, except for the Simpson index measure, which was significantly higher in the treatment groups. Additionally, the pooled results showed an increase in the Firmicutes and a decrease in the Bacteroidetes in the treatment groups, along with increases in the Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus genera. These findings suggest acupuncture treatment can target the modification of specific phyla and genera of gut microbiota. However, it is important to note that the effects of acupuncture on the gut microbiome are heterogeneous across studies, particularly in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jeong Bae
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yumi Jang
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Han Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jang
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 128 Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Oh
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jang
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Ahn
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science & Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 027932, Republic of Korea
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Ishiguro T, Kasuga K. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Brain Sci 2024; 14:859. [PMID: 39335355 PMCID: PMC11430815 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14090859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is the most common four-repeat tauopathy. PSP cases are typically characterized by vertical gaze palsy and postural instability; however, various phenotypes have been reported, making antemortem diagnosis based on clinical symptoms challenging. The development of biomarkers reflecting brain pathology and the ability to diagnose patients based on these biomarkers are essential for developing future intervention strategies, including disease-modifying therapies. However, despite many dedicated efforts, no highly specific fluid biomarker for PSP has yet been established. Conversely, several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been established, and an AT(N) classification system has been proposed. Typically, among patients with AD, CSF amyloid β42 (Aβ42), but not Aβ40, is decreased, resulting in a reduction in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, while tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) and total tau (t-tau) are increased. Interestingly, the core CSF AD biomarkers show unique patterns in patients with PSP. Furthermore, reports have indicated that the CSF levels of both Aβ42 and Aβ40 are decreased independently of Aβ accumulation in PSP. Therefore, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio could potentially be used to differentiate PSP from AD. Additionally, studies have reported that CSF p-tau and t-tau are reduced in PSP, and that the neurofilament light chain is remarkably increased compared to healthy controls and patients with AD, even though PSP is a neurodegenerative disease associated with tau accumulation. These PSP-specific changes in AD-related core biomarkers may reflect the pathology of PSP and contribute to its diagnosis. As such, elucidating the mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in Aβ and tau levels could facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Zhang J, Chen L. Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:211. [PMID: 39174535 PMCID: PMC11344989 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the predominant form of dementia, presenting significant and escalating global challenges. Its etiology is intricate and diverse, stemming from a combination of factors such as aging, genetics, and environment. Our current understanding of AD pathologies involves various hypotheses, such as the cholinergic, amyloid, tau protein, inflammatory, oxidative stress, metal ion, glutamate excitotoxicity, microbiota-gut-brain axis, and abnormal autophagy. Nonetheless, unraveling the interplay among these pathological aspects and pinpointing the primary initiators of AD require further elucidation and validation. In the past decades, most clinical drugs have been discontinued due to limited effectiveness or adverse effects. Presently, available drugs primarily offer symptomatic relief and often accompanied by undesirable side effects. However, recent approvals of aducanumab (1) and lecanemab (2) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) present the potential in disrease-modifying effects. Nevertheless, the long-term efficacy and safety of these drugs need further validation. Consequently, the quest for safer and more effective AD drugs persists as a formidable and pressing task. This review discusses the current understanding of AD pathogenesis, advances in diagnostic biomarkers, the latest updates of clinical trials, and emerging technologies for AD drug development. We highlight recent progress in the discovery of selective inhibitors, dual-target inhibitors, allosteric modulators, covalent inhibitors, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. Our goal is to provide insights into the prospective development and clinical application of novel AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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35
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Hong S, Gan Y, Liu D, Yu T, Zhou H, Li H, Liu F, Yin P. A novel NIR fluorescent probe for visualizing hydrogen sulfide in Alzheimer's disease. Analyst 2024; 149:4370-4377. [PMID: 39023002 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a devastating form of neurodegeneration, hallmarked by a relentless erosion of memory and cognitive faculties. One key player in this complex pathology is hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous neurotransmitter that is highly concentrated in the brain. Its fluctuating levels have been compellingly linked to the onset and progression of AD. Despite the availability of numerous fluorescent probes for detecting H2S, targeted imaging of this neurotransmitter within AD models remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we have engineered an innovative near-infrared (NIR) "turn-on" fluorescent probe, designated as probe 1. Crafted around a dicyanoisophorone scaffold, the probe incorporates a strategic methoxy modification to facilitate a bathochromic spectral shift. Impressively, upon binding with H2S, probe 1 exhibited a robust 46-fold enhancement in fluorescence at a wavelength of 680 nm. We successfully deployed this probe to visualize both exogenous and endogenous H2S in living cells and zebrafish. Further, our pathogenic investigations have corroborated that diminished H2S levels are intricately linked to an escalation in amyloid plaque formation. Most crucially, we employed probe 1 to capture real-time images of H2S concentrations within the hippocampal tissue of AD mouse models. This revealed a significant depletion in H2S levels, thereby underscoring the probe's immense potential as an effective tool for the diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Yabing Gan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
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Dyer AH, Dolphin H, O'Connor A, Morrison L, Sedgwick G, Young C, Killeen E, Gallagher C, McFeely A, Connolly E, Davey N, Claffey P, Doyle P, Lyons S, Gaffney C, Ennis R, McHale C, Joseph J, Knight G, Kelly E, O'Farrelly C, Fallon A, O'Dowd S, Bourke NM, Kennelly SP. Performance of plasma p-tau217 for the detection of amyloid-β positivity in a memory clinic cohort using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:186. [PMID: 39160628 PMCID: PMC11331802 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma p-tau217 has emerged as the most promising blood-based marker (BBM) for the detection of Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology, yet few studies have evaluated plasma p-tau217 performance in memory clinic settings. We examined the performance of plasma p-tau217 for the detection of AD using a high-sensitivity immunoassay in individuals undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP). METHODS Paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analysed from the TIMC-BRAiN cohort. Amyloid (Aβ) and Tau (T) pathology were classified based on established cut-offs for CSF Aβ42 and CSF p-tau181 respectively. High-sensitivity electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays were performed on paired plasma/CSF samples for p-tau217, p-tau181, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Neurofilament Light (NfL) and total tau (t-tau). Biomarker performance was evaluated using Receiver-Operating Curve (ROC) and Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS Of 108 participants (age: 69 ± 6.5 years; 54.6% female) with paired samples obtained at time of LP, 64.8% (n = 70/108) had Aβ pathology detected (35 with Mild Cognitive Impairment and 35 with mild dementia). Plasma p-tau217 was over three-fold higher in Aβ + (12.4 pg/mL; 7.3-19.2 pg/mL) vs. Aβ- participants (3.7 pg/mL; 2.8-4.1 pg/mL; Mann-Whitney U = 230, p < 0.001). Plasma p-tau217 exhibited excellent performance for the detection of Aβ pathology (AUC: 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 0.86-0.97)-greater than for T pathology (AUC: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90; z = 1.75, p = 0.04). Plasma p-tau217 outperformed plasma p-tau181 for the detection of Aβ pathology (z = 3.24, p < 0.001). Of the other BBMs, only plasma GFAP significantly differed by Aβ status which significantly correlated with plasma p-tau217 in Aβ + (but not in Aβ-) individuals. Application of a two-point threshold at 95% and 97.5% sensitivities & specificities may have enabled avoidance of LP in 58-68% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Plasma p-tau217 measured using a high-sensitivity ECL immunoassay demonstrated excellent performance for detection of Aβ pathology in a real-world memory clinic cohort. Moving forward, clinical use of plasma p-tau217 to detect AD pathology may substantially reduce need for confirmatory diagnostic testing for AD pathology with diagnostic LP in specialist memory services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Dyer
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Helena Dolphin
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Laura Morrison
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin Sedgwick
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Young
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Killeen
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conal Gallagher
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife McFeely
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Connolly
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Davey
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Claffey
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paddy Doyle
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Lyons
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Gaffney
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Ennis
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy McHale
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jasmine Joseph
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham Knight
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmet Kelly
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Fallon
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean O'Dowd
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Kennelly
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119857. [PMID: 38986861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most common neurodegenerative disorders. AD is characterized by deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, leading to associated secondary pathologies, progressive neurodegeneration, and eventually death. Currently used diagnostics are largely image-based, lack accuracy and do not detect early disease, ie, prior to onset of symptoms, thus limiting treatment options and outcomes. Although biomarkers such as amyloid-β and tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid have gained much attention, these are generally limited to disease progression. Unfortunately, identification of biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. As such, body fluids such as sweat, serum, saliva, mucosa, tears, and urine are under investigation as alternative sources for biomarkers that can aid in early disease detection. This review focuses on biomarkers identified through proteomics in various biofluids and their potential for early and accurate diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities, & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Sun W, Huang A, Wen S, Yang R, Liu X. Temporal Assessment of Protein Stability in Dried Blood Spots. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3585-3597. [PMID: 38950347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of protein biomarkers in blood for clinical settings is limited by the cost and accessibility of traditional venipuncture sampling. The dried blood spot (DBS) technique offers a less invasive and more accessible alternative. However, protein stability in DBS has not been well evaluated. Herein, we deployed a quantitative LC-MS/MS system to construct proteomic atlases of whole blood, DBSs, plasma, and blood cells. Approximately 4% of detected proteins' abundance was significantly altered during blood drying into blood spots, with overwhelming disturbances in cytoplasmic fraction. We also reported a novel finding suggesting a decrease in the level of membrane/cytoskeletal proteins (SLC4A1, RHAG, DSC1, DSP, and JUP) and an increase in the level of proteins (ATG3, SEC14L4, and NRBP1) related to intracellular trafficking. Furthermore, we identified 19 temporally dynamic proteins in DBS samples stored at room temperature for up to 6 months. There were three declined cytoskeleton-related proteins (RDX, SH3BGRL3, and MYH9) and four elevated proteins (XPO7, RAN, SLC2A1, and SLC29A1) involved in cytoplasmic transport as representatives. The instability was governed predominantly by hydrophilic proteins and enhanced significantly with an increasing storage time. Our analyses provide comprehensive knowledge of both short- and long-term storage stability of DBS proteins, forming the foundation for the widespread use of DBS in clinical proteomics and other analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Ao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shubo Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruicong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
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Guo Y, Huang L, Kuang J, Sun T, Zhang X, Tian H, Xie F, Chen T, Guo Q. Physical function is associated with cognitive status, brain amyloid-beta deposition, and blood biomarkers in Chinese Han population. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14921. [PMID: 39155519 PMCID: PMC11330986 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical function of elderly individuals reflects whether they have had a history of regular physical activity over the long term. Such indicators have been found to have a certain connection with cognitive function these years. However, there is limited research that associates it with mechanisms such as cerebral Aβ deposition. We aim to investigate this relationship and unveil the underlying mechanisms. METHOD Physical function and cognition data of 4189 participants were obtained from the Chinese preclinical Alzheimer's disease study. Participants were divided into six groups according to disease severity. Among them, 1048 participants underwent the positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and plasma biomarker test. Grip strength and gait were combined into a score indicating physical function. Multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models were mainly used to conduct the analysis. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between physical function and cognitive function (R = 0.48, p < 0.001), independent of sex, age, apolipoprotein E-ε4 genotype, and disease stages (p < 0.001). Physical function was effective in distinguishing individuals with cognitive impairment from those without (AUC = 0.835). Physical function was negatively associated with brain Aβ deposition (p = 0.008) and brain Aβ had an intermediary effect (p < 0.01) on the association between physical function and cognition in women. This association was mainly evident in the lateral parietal, lateral temporal, posterior cingulate, frontal, occipital, and precuneus regions. Physical function was negatively associated with plasma neurofilament light-chain (Nfl) level (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Physical function is strongly associated with cognitive function in the Chinese elderly, and brain Aβ deposition partly mediates the linkage in women. Plasma Nfl can be used as a potential target for exercise intervention in cognitive function. Improving physical function will contribute to the alleviation of cognition decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuai Guo
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- School of Exercise and HealthShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Junliang Kuang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and HealthShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Oasa S, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF, Terenius L. Small molecular decoys in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1658-1659. [PMID: 38103228 PMCID: PMC10960305 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Igor F. Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Prajapati SK, Pathak A, Samaiya PK. Alzheimer's disease: from early pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:1231-1254. [PMID: 39046584 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The mainstay behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown due to the elusive pathophysiology of the disease. Beta-amyloid and phosphorylated Tau is still widely incorporated in various research studies while studying AD. However, they are not sufficient. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have dug into AD studies to deliver many innovations in this field. Many novel biomarkers, such as phosphoglycerate-dehydrogenase, clusterin, microRNA, and a new peptide ratio (Aβ37/Aβ42) in cerebral-spinal fluid, plasma glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein, and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, are mushrooming. They are helping scientists find breakthroughs and substantiating their research on the early detection of AD. Neurovascular unit dysfunction in AD is a significant discovery that can help us understand the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow. These new biomarkers are promising and can take these AD studies to another level. There have also been big steps forward in diagnosing and finding AD. One example is self-administered-gerocognitive-examination, which is less expensive and better at finding AD early on than mini-mental-state-examination. Quantum brain sensors and electrochemical biosensors are innovations in the detection field that must be explored and incorporated into the studies. Finally, novel innovations in AD studies like nanotheranostics are the future of AD treatment, which can not only diagnose and detect AD but also offer treatment. Non-pharmacological strategies to treat AD have also yielded interesting results. Our literature review spans from 1957 to 2022, capturing research and trends in the field over six decades. This review article is an update not only on the recent advances in the search for credible biomarkers but also on the newer detection techniques and therapeutic approaches targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Bhavdiya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Ayodhya, UP, India
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Arjit Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet K Samaiya
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Li W, Sun L, Yue L, Xiao S. Diagnostic and predictive power of plasma proteins in Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17557. [PMID: 39080359 PMCID: PMC11289122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Convenient and effective biomarkers are essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the cross-sectional study, 103 patients with AD, 82 patients with aMCI and 508 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. The single-molecule array (Simoa) technique was used to assess the levels of plasma proteins, including NfL, T-tau, P-tau-181, Aβ40, Aβ42. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess the overall cognitive function of all subjects. Moreover, Amyloid PET and structural head MRI were also performed in a subset of the population. In the follow-up, the previous 508 normal older adults were followed up for two years, then COX regression analysis was used to investigate the association between baseline plasma proteins and future cognitive outcomes. NfL, T-tau, P-tau-181, Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 were altered in AD dementia, and NfL, Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 significantly outperformed all plasma proteins in differentiating AD dementia from NC, while NfL and Aβ42/40 could effectively distinguish between aMCI and NC. However, only plasma NfL was associated with future cognitive decline, and it was negatively correlated with MoCA (r = - 0.298, p < 0.001) and the volume of the left globus pallidus (r = - 0.278, p = 0.033). Plasma NfL can help distinguish between cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals (MCI/dementia) at the syndrome level. However, since we have not introduced other biomarkers for AD, such as PET CT or cerebrospinal fluid, and have not verified in other neurodegenerative diseases, whether plasma NFL can be used as a biomarker for AD needs to be further studied and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Bi K, Zhou L, Wang J, Huang L, Sun Y, Peng G, Wu W. Advances in Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Ultra-Sensitive Detection Technologies and Impact on Clinical Diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:85-102. [PMID: 39100640 PMCID: PMC11297492 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s471174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has escalated into a critical public health concern, marked by its neurodegenerative nature that progressively diminishes cognitive abilities. Recognized as a continuously advancing and presently incurable condition, AD underscores the necessity for early-stage diagnosis and interventions aimed at delaying the decline in mental function. Despite the proven efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography in diagnosing AD, their broader utility is constrained by significant costs and the invasive nature of these procedures. Consequently, the innovation of blood biomarkers such as Amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, total-tau et al, distinguished by their high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and cost-efficiency, emerges as a promising avenue for AD diagnosis. The advent of ultra-sensitive detection methodologies, including single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, has revolutionized the detection of AD plasma biomarkers, supplanting previous low-sensitivity techniques. This rapid advancement in detection technology facilitates the more accurate quantification of pathological brain proteins and AD-associated biomarkers in the bloodstream. This manuscript meticulously reviews the landscape of current research on immunological markers for AD, anchored in the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association AT(N) research framework. It highlights a selection of forefront ultra-sensitive detection technologies now integral to assessing AD blood immunological markers. Additionally, this review examines the crucial pre-analytical processing steps for AD blood samples that significantly impact research outcomes and addresses the practical challenges faced during clinical testing. These discussions are crucial for enhancing our comprehension and refining the diagnostic precision of AD using blood-based biomarkers. The review aims to shed light on potential avenues for innovation and improvement in the techniques employed for detecting and investigating AD, thereby contributing to the broader field of neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Omer N, Droby A, Silbak R, Trablus N, Bar David A, Shiner T, Alcalay Y, Alcalay R, Nathan T, Thaler A, Mirelman A, Gana Weisz M, Goldstein O, Glinka T, Orr-Urtreger A, Giladi N, Bregman N. White matter abnormalities in healthy E200K carriers may serve as an early biomarker for genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333751. [PMID: 39084863 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI is an important tool for disease diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), yet its role in identifying preclinical stages of disease remains unclear. Here, we explored subtle white matter (WM) alterations in genetic CJD (gCJD) patients and in asymptomatic E200K mutation carriers using MRI, depending on total tau protein (t-tau) levels in CSF. METHODS Six symptomatic gCJD patients and N=60 healthy relatives of gCJD patients were included. Participants underwent genetic testing for the E200K mutation, MRI scans at 3T and a lumbar puncture (LP) for t-tau. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics were calculated along WM tracts. RESULTS gCJD patients demonstrated higher mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values compared with healthy relatives in several WM tracts (p<0.05). Out of the healthy relatives, 50% (N=30) were found to be carriers of the E200K mutation. T-tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were above the normal range (>290 pg/mL) in N=8 out of 23 carriers who underwent an LP. No significant differences in FA, MD, axial diffusivity (AD) and RD were detected between healthy mutation carriers (HMC) and healthy non-carriers within the WM tracts. Finally, significantly higher FA and lower MD, RD and AD along several WM tracts were found in HMC with elevated t-tau compared with HMC with normal t-tau (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS DTI abnormalities along WM tracts were found in healthy E200K mutation carriers with elevated t-tau in CSF. Longer follow-up is required to determine whether these subtle WM alterations are predictive of future conversion to symptomatic gCJD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05746715.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Omer
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Labratory for early markers of neurodegeneration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amgad Droby
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Labratory for early markers of neurodegeneration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rawan Silbak
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Trablus
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Bar David
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamara Shiner
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yifat Alcalay
- Encephalitis Center and Immunology Laboratory, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Alcalay
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Genetic labratory for neurodegeration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Talya Nathan
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avner Thaler
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Labratory for early markers of neurodegeneration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Labratory for early markers of neurodegeneration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mali Gana Weisz
- Genetic labratory for neurodegeration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Goldstein
- Genetic labratory for neurodegeration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Glinka
- Genetic labratory for neurodegeration, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Bregman
- Neurology, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Universty, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Zhang H, Fu X, Yang M, Song X, Li M, Wang X. Research progress on humoral biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38978. [PMID: 39058878 PMCID: PMC11272379 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss. The main pathological features are neuronal fibrillary tangles caused by amyloid beta deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, accompanied by neuronal death and loss of synaptic structure. Early diagnosis is the key to the treatment of AD. It is known that some small molecular components are related to the pathogenesis of AD. This article will summarize the common AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood and analyze the current status of AD biomarkers and future research directions. This review summarizes the promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD in the last decade and describes their changes in AD body fluids. The diagnostic biomarkers related to AD were mainly distributed in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Significant changes in these molecules can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and they are correlated with AD severity. These humoral molecules have necessary relationship with AD and can be used as AD biomarkers to assist early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
- Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
- Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
- Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China
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Niazi NUK, Huang C, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Song C. Comparison between sub-chronic and chronic sleep deprivation-induced behavioral and neuroimmunological abnormalities in mice: Focusing on glial cell phenotype polarization. Behav Brain Res 2024; 470:115067. [PMID: 38795845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extensively reported as comorbidity. Although neuroinflammation triggered by microglial phenotype M1 activation, leading to neurotransmitter dysfunction and Aβ aggregation, is considered as the leading cause of depression and AD, whether and how sub-chronic or chronic sleep deprivation (SD) contribute to the onset and development of these diseases remains unclear. METHODS Memory and depression-like behaviors were evaluated in both SDs, and then circadian markers, glial cell phenotype polarization, cytokines, depression-related neurotransmitters, and AD-related gene/protein expressions were measured by qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, high-performance liquid chromatography, and western-blotting respectively. RESULTS Both SDs induced give-up behavior and anhedonia and increased circadian marker period circadian regulator 2 (PER2) expression, which were much worse in chronic than in the sub-chronic SD group, while brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 only decreased in the chronic-SD. Furthermore, increased microglial M1 and astrocyte A1 expression and proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α was observed in both SDs, which were more significant in chronic SD. Similarly, decreased norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratio were more significant, which corresponds to the worse depression-like behavior in chronic than sub-chronic-SD. With regard to AD, increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) and soluble (s)-APPβ and decreased sAPPα in both SDs were more significant in the chronic. However, sAPPα/sAPPβ ratio was only decreased in chronic SD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that both SDs induce depression-like changes by increasing PER2, leading to neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysfunction. However, only chronic SD induced memory impairment likely due to severer circadian disruption, higher neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of APP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Ullah Khan Niazi
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chengyi Huang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Dongguan Seventh People's Hospital (Dongguan Mental Health Center), Dongguan, China.
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Kara A, Soylu K, Yildirim U, Uyanik M, Coksevim M, Avci B. Comparative Analysis of Right vs. Left Radial Access in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Impact on Silent Cerebral Ischemia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1193. [PMID: 39202475 PMCID: PMC11356614 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Silent cerebral ischemia (SCI) is defined as a condition that can be detected by biochemical markers or cranial imaging methods but does not produce clinical symptom. This study aims both to compare the frequency of SCI in PCIs performed with right transradial access and left transradial access and to evaluate the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective, single-center study included 197 patients undergoing PCI via transradial access between November 2020 and July 2022. The patients were categorized into right radial and left radial groups. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) values were measured and recorded before and 18 h after the procedure. A post-procedure NSE level higher than 20 ng/dL was defined as SCI. Results: SCI occurred in 60 of the 197 patients. NSE elevation was observed in 37.4% (n = 37) of the right radial group and in 23.5% (n = 23) of the left radial group (p = 0.032). Patients with SCI had higher rates of smoking (p = 0.043), presence of subclavian tortuosity (p = 0.027), and HbA1c (p = 0.031). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of EF (ejection fraction) (OR: 0.958 95% CI 0.920-0.998, p = 0.039), right radial preference (OR: 2.104 95% CI 1.102-3.995 p = 0.023), and smoking (OR: 2.088 95% CI 1.105-3.944, p = 0.023) were observed as independent variables of NSE elevation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PCI via right radial access poses a greater risk of SCI compared to left radial access. Anatomical considerations and technical challenges associated with right radial procedures and factors such as smoking and low ejection fraction contribute to this elevated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Kara
- Department of Cardiology, Elbistan State Hospital, 46300 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Korhan Soylu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55270 Samsun, Turkey; (K.S.); (U.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Ufuk Yildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55270 Samsun, Turkey; (K.S.); (U.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Department of Cardiology, Carsamba State Hospital, 55500 Samsun, Turkey;
| | - Metin Coksevim
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55270 Samsun, Turkey; (K.S.); (U.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55270 Samsun, Turkey;
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Lantero-Rodriguez J, Camporesi E, Montoliu-Gaya L, Gobom J, Piotrowska D, Olsson M, Burmann IM, Becker B, Brinkmalm A, Burmann BM, Perkinton M, Ashton NJ, Fox NC, Lashley T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm G. Tau protein profiling in tauopathies: a human brain study. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:54. [PMID: 39026372 PMCID: PMC11264707 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of misfolded and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in brain is the defining feature of several neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, this pathological change is reflected by highly specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau biomarkers, including both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated variants. Interestingly, despite tau pathology being at the core of all tauopathies, CSF tau biomarkers remain unchanged in certain tauopathies, e.g., progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Pick's disease (PiD), and corticobasal neurodegeneration (CBD). To better understand commonalities and differences between tauopathies, we report a multiplex assay combining immunoprecipitation and high-resolution mass spectrometry capable of detecting and quantifying peptides from different tau protein isoforms as well as non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated peptides, including those carrying multiple phosphorylations. We investigated the tau proteoforms in soluble and insoluble fractions of brain tissue from subjects with autopsy-confirmed tauopathies, including sporadic AD (n = 10), PSP (n = 11), PiD (n = 10), and CBD (n = 10), and controls (n = 10). Our results demonstrate that non-phosphorylated tau profiles differ across tauopathies, generally showing high abundance of microtubule-binding region (MTBR)-containing peptides in insoluble protein fractions compared with controls; the AD group showed 12-72 times higher levels of MTBR-containing aggregates. Quantification of tau isoforms showed the 3R being more abundant in PiD and the 4R isoform being more abundant in CBD and PSP in the insoluble fraction. Twenty-three different phosphorylated peptides were quantified. Most phosphorylated peptides were measurable in all investigated tauopathies. All phosphorylated peptides were significantly increased in AD insoluble fraction. However, doubly and triply phosphorylated peptides were significantly increased in AD even in the soluble fraction. Results were replicated using a validation cohort comprising AD (n = 10), CBD (n = 10), and controls (n = 10). Our study demonstrates that abnormal levels of phosphorylation and aggregation do indeed occur in non-AD tauopathies, however, both appear pronouncedly increased in AD, becoming a distinctive characteristic of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Diana Piotrowska
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Irena Matečko Burmann
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruno Becker
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Björn M Burmann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Perkinton
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, Maurice, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Kim S, Wang SM, Kang DW, Um YH, Han EJ, Park SY, Ha S, Choe YS, Kim HW, Kim REY, Kim D, Lee CU, Lim HK. A Comparative Analysis of Two Automated Quantification Methods for Regional Cerebral Amyloid Retention: PET-Only and PET-and-MRI-Based Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7649. [PMID: 39062892 PMCID: PMC11276670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is essential for early detection of and intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but there is still a lack of studies comparing the performance of various automated methods. This study compared the PET-only method and PET-and-MRI-based method with a pre-trained deep learning segmentation model. A large sample of 1180 participants in the Catholic Aging Brain Imaging (CABI) database was analyzed to calculate the regional standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) using both methods. The logistic regression models were employed to assess the discriminability of amyloid-positive and negative groups through 10-fold cross-validation and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) metrics. The two methods showed a high correlation in calculating SUVRs but the PET-MRI method, incorporating MRI data for anatomical accuracy, demonstrated superior performance in predicting amyloid-positivity. The parietal, frontal, and cingulate importantly contributed to the prediction. The PET-MRI method with a pre-trained deep learning model approach provides an efficient and precise method for earlier diagnosis and intervention in the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Han
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyun Ha
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Sim Choe
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 06234, Republic of Korea (R.E.K.)
| | - Hye Weon Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 06234, Republic of Korea (R.E.K.)
| | - Regina EY Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 06234, Republic of Korea (R.E.K.)
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 06234, Republic of Korea (R.E.K.)
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- CMC Institute for Basic Medical Science, The Catholic Medical Center of The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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50
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Bernard MA, Boutajangout A, Debure L, Ahmed W, Briggs AQ, Boza-Calvo C, Vedvyas A, Marsh K, Bubu OM, Osorio RS, Wisniewski T, Masurkar AV. The relationship between anxiety and levels of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.09.24310168. [PMID: 39040178 PMCID: PMC11261936 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.24310168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD), correlating with CSF/PET biomarkers and disease progression. Relationships to plasma biomarkers are unclear. Herein, we compare levels of plasma biomarkers in research participants with and without anxiety at cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia stages. We observed significantly higher plasma tau/Aβ42 ratio in AD participants with anxiety versus those without, but did not observe differences at other stages or plasma biomarkers. No such relationships were evident with depression. These results support a unique pathophysiological relationship between anxiety and AD that can be reflected in plasma biomarkers, suggestive of heightened neurodegeneration.
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