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Cui TY, Wu H, Tang CY, Wang XF, Li TF, Zhou J. Surgical outcomes of patients with genetically refractory epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure 2024; 120:124-134. [PMID: 38959583 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the surgical outcomes of genetically refractory epilepsy and identify prognostic factors for these outcomes. METHODS A literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for relevant studies, published between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2023, was performed using specific search terms. All studies addressing surgical outcomes and follow-up of genetically refractory epilepsy were included. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 2020 (i.e., "PRISMA") reporting guidelines. RESULTS Of the 3833 studies retrieved, 55 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight studies were eligible for meta-analysis at the study level. Pooled outcomes revealed that 74 % of patients who underwent resective surgery (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.89; z = 9.47, p < 0.05) achieved Engel I status at the last follow-up. In the study level analysis, pooled outcomes revealed that 9 % of patients who underwent vagus nerve stimulation achieved seizure-free status (95 % CI 0.00-0.31; z = 1.74, p < 0.05), and 61 % (95 % CI 0.55-0.89; z = 11.96, p < 0.05) achieved a 50 % reduction in seizure frequency at the last follow-up. Fifty-three studies comprising 249 patients were included in an individual-level analysis. Among patients who underwent lesion resection or lobectomy/multilobar resection, 65 % (100/153) achieved Engel I status at the last follow-up. Univariate analysis indicated that female sex, somatic mutations, and presenting with focal seizure symptoms were associated with better prognosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, 75 % (21/28) of patients who underwent hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy achieved Engel I status at the last follow-up. In the individual-level analysis, among patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation, 21 % (10/47) were seizure-free and 64 % (30/47) experienced >50 % reduction in seizure frequency compared with baseline. CONCLUSION Meticulous presurgical evaluation and selection of appropriate surgical procedures can, to a certain extent, effectively control seizures. Therefore, various surgical procedures should be considered when treating patients with genetically refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Cui
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Yang Tang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Wang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Centre of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Centre of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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LaCoursiere CM, Ullmann JF, Koh HY, Turner L, Baker CM, Robens B, Shao W, Rotenberg A, McGraw CM, Poduri AH. Zebrafish models of candidate human epilepsy-associated genes provide evidence of hyperexcitability. iScience 2024; 27:110172. [PMID: 39021799 PMCID: PMC11253282 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of novel candidate human epilepsy-associated genes have been identified thanks to advancements in next-generation sequencing and large genome-wide association studies, but establishing genetic etiology requires functional validation. We generated a list of >2,200 candidate epilepsy-associated genes, of which 48 were developed into stable loss-of-function (LOF) zebrafish models. Of those 48, evidence of seizure-like behavior was present in 5 (arfgef1, kcnd2, kcnv1, ubr5, and wnt8b). Further characterization provided evidence for epileptiform activity via electrophysiology in kcnd2 and wnt8b mutants. Additionally, arfgef1 and wnt8b mutants showed a decrease in the number of inhibitory interneurons in the optic tectum of larval animals. Further, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed convergent transcriptional abnormalities between mutant lines, consistent with their developmental defects and hyperexcitable phenotypes. These zebrafish models provide strongest experimental evidence supporting the role of ARFGEF1, KCND2, and WNT8B in human epilepsy and further demonstrate the utility of this model system for evaluating candidate human epilepsy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mark LaCoursiere
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy F.P. Ullmann
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyun Yong Koh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Turner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristina M. Baker
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Robens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanqing Shao
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher M. McGraw
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Annapurna H. Poduri
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Sabnis G, Hession L, Mahoney JM, Mobley A, Santos M, Kumar V. Visual detection of seizures in mice using supervised machine learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596520. [PMID: 38868170 PMCID: PMC11167691 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Seizures are caused by abnormally synchronous brain activity that can result in changes in muscle tone, such as twitching, stiffness, limpness, or rhythmic jerking. These behavioral manifestations are clear on visual inspection and the most widely used seizure scoring systems in preclinical models, such as the Racine scale in rodents, use these behavioral patterns in semiquantitative seizure intensity scores. However, visual inspection is time-consuming, low-throughput, and partially subjective, and there is a need for rigorously quantitative approaches that are scalable. In this study, we used supervised machine learning approaches to develop automated classifiers to predict seizure severity directly from noninvasive video data. Using the PTZ-induced seizure model in mice, we trained video-only classifiers to predict ictal events, combined these events to predict an univariate seizure intensity for a recording session, as well as time-varying seizure intensity scores. Our results show, for the first time, that seizure events and overall intensity can be rigorously quantified directly from overhead video of mice in a standard open field using supervised approaches. These results enable high-throughput, noninvasive, and standardized seizure scoring for downstream applications such as neurogenetics and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME USA
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zuo X, Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zeng T, Chen S, Liu M, Chen H, Song Q, Li Q, Yang C, Le Y, Xing J, Zhang H, An J, Jia W, Kang L, Zhang H, Xie H, Ye J, Wu T, He F, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou G. NRDE2 deficiency impairs homologous recombination repair and sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to PARP inhibitors. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100550. [PMID: 38697125 PMCID: PMC11099347 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
To identify novel susceptibility genes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed a rare-variant association study in Chinese populations consisting of 2,750 cases and 4,153 controls. We identified four HCC-associated genes, including NRDE2, RANBP17, RTEL1, and STEAP3. Using NRDE2 (index rs199890497 [p.N377I], p = 1.19 × 10-9) as an exemplary candidate, we demonstrated that it promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair and suppresses HCC. Mechanistically, NRDE2 binds to the subunits of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and facilitates the assembly and activity of the CK2 holoenzyme. This NRDE2-mediated enhancement of CK2 activity increases the phosphorylation of MDC1 and then facilitates the HR repair. These functions are eliminated almost completely by the NRDE2-p.N377I variant, which sensitizes the HCC cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, especially when combined with chemotherapy. Collectively, our findings highlight the relevance of the rare variants to genetic susceptibility to HCC, which would be helpful for the precise treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shunqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chenning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Interventional Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
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Lin ZJ, He JW, Zhu SY, Xue LH, Zheng JF, Zheng LQ, Huang BX, Chen GZ, Lin PX. Gene-gene interaction network analysis indicates CNTN2 is a candidate gene for idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:131-139. [PMID: 38460076 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Twin and family studies have established the genetic contribution to idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). The genetic architecture of IGE is generally complex and heterogeneous, and the majority of the genetic burden in IGE remains unsolved. We hypothesize that gene-gene interactions contribute to the complex inheritance of IGE. CNTN2 (OMIM* 615,400) variants have been identified in cases with familial adult myoclonic epilepsy and other epilepsies. To explore the gene-gene interaction network in IGE, we took the CNTN2 gene as an example and investigated its co-occurrent genetic variants in IGE cases. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 114 unrelated IGE cases and 296 healthy controls. Variants were qualified with sequencing quality, minor allele frequency, in silico prediction, genetic phenotype, and recurrent case numbers. The STRING_TOP25 gene interaction network analysis was introduced with the bait gene CNTN2 (denoted as A). The gene-gene interaction pair mode was presumed to be A + c, A + d, A + e, with a leading gene A, or A + B + f, A + B + g, A + B + h, with a double-gene A + B, or other combinations. We compared the number of gene interaction pairs between the case and control groups. We identified three pairs in the case group, CNTN2 + PTPN18, CNTN2 + CNTN1 + ANK2 + ANK3 + SNTG2, and CNTN2 + PTPRZ1, while we did not discover any pairs in the control group. The number of gene interaction pairs in the case group was much more than in the control group (p = 0.021). Taking together the genetic bioinformatics, reported epilepsy cases, and statistical evidence in the study, we supposed CNTN2 as a candidate pathogenic gene for IGE. The gene interaction network analysis might help screen candidate genes for IGE or other complex genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Lin
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Jun-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Li-Hong Xue
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Li-Qin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Bi-Xia Huang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Guo-Zhang Chen
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Peng-Xing Lin
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityFujian Medical UniversityBrain Science Institute of Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, China.
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Kovačević M, Sokić D, Ristić A, Berisavac I, Ercegovac M, Milićević O, Vojvodić N. Familial occurrence of seizure disorders across MRI defined structural focal epilepsy etiology. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 123:15-22. [PMID: 38508018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have established familial occurrence of epilepsy and seizure disorders and early age of epilepsy onset as predictors of genetic epilepsy, but have not evaluated the rate of their occurrence in patients with different epilepsy etiology. Our study determines the distribution of familial occurrence and age of epilepsy onset across structural focal epilepsy (FE) etiology in a large FE cohort. METHODS Records of 1354 consecutive patients evaluated for epilepsy and seizure disorders in The Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia from 2008 to 2019 were screened for FE. Structural etiology, lobar diagnosis, familial occurrence, and age at epilepsy onset were determined. Patients with a. nonlesional focal epilepsy (NLFE), b. hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and c. congenital or perinatal etiology (CPE) were classified as NAFE, while patients with an identified acquired focal epilepsy (AFE) constituted the control group. RESULTS We identified 965 patients with FE, 329 (34.1 %) with NLFE, 213 (22.1 %) with HS, 174 (18.0 %) with CPE and 249 (25.8 %) with AFE. Familial occurrence was identified in 160 (16.6 %), 19.1 % of patients with NAFE and 9.2 % of AFE (p = 0.003). Patients with NAFE had a younger age of epilepsy onset (13 vs. 18 years, p < 0.001). The highest proportion of familial occurrence was found in patients with NLFE (23.7 %), while the youngest median age of epilepsy onset was identified in patients with HS (12 years) and CPE (11 years). CONCLUSION Patients with NAFE frequently have familial occurrence of epilepsy and have an earlier age of epilepsy onset than patients with AFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Kovačević
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragoslav Sokić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ristić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Berisavac
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Ercegovac
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nikola Vojvodić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Fasaludeen A, McTague A, Jose M, Banerjee M, Sundaram S, Madhusoodanan UK, Radhakrishnan A, Menon RN. Genetic variant interpretation for the neurologist - A pragmatic approach in the next-generation sequencing era in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107341. [PMID: 38447235 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Genetic advances over the past decade have enhanced our understanding of the genetic landscape of childhood epilepsy. However a major challenge for clinicians ha been understanding the rationale and systematic approach towards interpretation of the clinical significance of variant(s) detected in their patients. As the clinical paradigm evolves from gene panels to whole exome or whole genome testing including rapid genome sequencing, the number of patients tested and variants identified per patient will only increase. Each step in the process of variant interpretation has limitations and there is no single criterion which enables the clinician to draw reliable conclusions on a causal relationship between the variant and disease without robust clinical phenotyping. Although many automated online analysis software tools are available, these carry a risk of misinterpretation. This guideline provides a pragmatic, real-world approach to variant interpretation for the child neurologist. The focus will be on ascertaining aspects such as variant frequency, subtype, inheritance pattern, structural and functional consequence with regard to genotype-phenotype correlations, while refraining from mere interpretation of the classification provided in a genetic test report. It will not replace the expert advice of colleagues in clinical genetics, however as genomic investigations become a first-line test for epilepsy, it is vital that neurologists and epileptologists are equipped to navigate this landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfiya Fasaludeen
- Dept of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Amy McTague
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manna Jose
- Dept of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Moinak Banerjee
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Sundaram
- Dept of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - U K Madhusoodanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ashalatha Radhakrishnan
- Dept of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- Dept of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Gamirova R, Shagimardanova E, Sato T, Kannon T, Gamirova R, Tajima A. Identification of potential disease-associated variants in idiopathic generalized epilepsy using targeted sequencing. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:59-67. [PMID: 37993639 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Many questions remain regarding the genetics of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), a subset of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We aimed to identify the candidate coding variants of epilepsy panel genes in a cohort of affected individuals, using variant frequency information from a control cohort of the same region. We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis of 121 individuals and 10 affected relatives, focusing on variants of 950 candidate genes associated with epilepsy according to the Genes4Epilepsy curated panel. We identified 168 candidate variants (CVs) in 137 of 950 candidate genes in 88 of 121 affected individuals with IGE, of which 61 were novel variants. Notably, we identified five CVs in known GGE-associated genes (CHD2, GABRA1, RORB, SCN1A, and SCN1B) in five individuals and CVs shared by affected individuals in each of four family cases for other epilepsy candidate genes. The results of this study demonstrate that IGE is a disease with high heterogeneity and provide IGE-associated CVs whose pathogenicity should be proven by future studies, including advanced functional analysis. The low detection rate of CVs in the GGE-associated genes (4.1%) in this study suggests the current incompleteness of the Genes4Epilepsy panel for the diagnosis of IGE in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Gamirova
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Rimma Gamirova
- Department of Neurology with Courses in Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Investigations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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9
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Xiao H, Chen H, Chen X, Lu Y, Wu B, Wang H, Cao Y, Hu L, Dong X, Zhou W, Yang L. Comprehensive assessment of the genetic characteristics of small for gestational age newborns in NICU: from diagnosis of genetic disorders to prediction of prognosis. Genome Med 2023; 15:112. [PMID: 38093364 PMCID: PMC10717355 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, ~1,072,100 small for gestational age (SGA) births occur annually. These SGA newborns are a high-risk population of developmental delay. Our study aimed to evaluate the genetic profile of SGA newborns in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) and establish a prognosis prediction model by combining clinical and genetic factors. METHODS A cohort of 723 SGA and 1317 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns were recruited between June 2018 and June 2020. Clinical exome sequencing was performed for each newborn. The gene-based rare-variant collapsing analyses and the gene burden test were applied to identify the risk genes for SGA and SGA with poor prognosis. The Gradient Boosting Machine framework was used to generate two models to predict the prognosis of SGA. The performance of two models were validated with an independent cohort of 115 SGA newborns without genetic diagnosis from July 2020 to April 2022. All newborns in this study were recruited through the China Neonatal Genomes Project (CNGP) and were hospitalized in NICU, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. RESULTS Among the 723 SGA newborns, 88(12.2%) received genetic diagnosis, including 42(47.7%) with monogenic diseases and 46(52.3%) with chromosomal abnormalities. SGA with genetic diagnosis showed higher rates in severe SGA(54.5% vs. 41.9%, P=0.0025) than SGA without genetic diagnosis. SGA with chromosomal abnormalities showed higher incidences of physical and neurodevelopmental delay compared to those with monogenic diseases (45.7% vs. 19.0%, P=0.012). We filtered out 3 genes (ITGB4, TXNRD2, RRM2B) as potential causative genes for SGA and 1 gene (ADIPOQ) as potential causative gene for SGA with poor prognosis. The model integrating clinical and genetic factors demonstrated a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) over the model based solely on clinical factors in both the SGA-model generation dataset (AUC=0.9[95% confidence interval 0.84-0.96] vs. AUC=0.74 [0.64-0.84]; P=0.00196) and the independent SGA-validation dataset (AUC=0.76 [0.6-0.93] vs. AUC=0.53[0.29-0.76]; P=0.0117). CONCLUSION SGA newborns in NICU presented with roughly equal proportions of monogenic and chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal disorders were associated with poorer prognosis. The rare-variant collapsing analyses studies have the ability to identify potential causative factors associated with growth and development. The SGA prognosis prediction model integrating genetic and clinical factors outperformed that relying solely on clinical factors. The application of genetic sequencing in hospitalized SGA newborns may improve early genetic diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huiyao Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyuan Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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10
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Kao HY, Yao Y, Yang T, Ziobro J, Zylinski M, Mir MY, Hu S, Cao R, Borna NN, Banerjee R, Parent JM, Wang S, Leventhal DK, Li P, Wang Y. Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy and Respiratory Defects in a Mouse Model of DEPDC5-Related Epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:812-824. [PMID: 37606181 PMCID: PMC10592102 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DEPDC5 is a common causative gene in familial focal epilepsy with or without malformations of cortical development. Its pathogenic variants also confer a significantly higher risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), providing opportunities to investigate the pathophysiology intersecting neurodevelopment, epilepsy, and cardiorespiratory function. There is an urgent need to gain a mechanistic understanding of DEPDC5-related epilepsy and SUDEP, identify biomarkers for patients at high risk, and develop preventive interventions. METHODS Depdc5 was specifically deleted in excitatory or inhibitory neurons in the mouse brain to determine neuronal subtypes that drive epileptogenesis and SUDEP. Electroencephalogram (EEG), cardiac, and respiratory recordings were performed to determine cardiorespiratory phenotypes associated with SUDEP. Baseline respiratory function and the response to hypoxia challenge were also studied in these mice. RESULTS Depdc5 deletion in excitatory neurons in cortical layer 5 and dentate gyrus caused frequent generalized tonic-clonic seizures and SUDEP in young adult mice, but Depdc5 deletion in cortical interneurons did not. EEG suppression immediately following ictal offset was observed in fatal and non-fatal seizures, but low amplitude rhythmic theta frequency activity was lost only in fatal seizures. In addition, these mice developed baseline respiratory dysfunction prior to SUDEP, during which ictal apnea occurred long before terminal cardiac asystole. INTERPRETATION Depdc5 deletion in excitatory neurons is sufficient to cause DEPDC5-related epilepsy and SUDEP. Ictal apnea and respiratory dysregulation play critical roles in SUDEP. Our study also provides a novel mouse model to investigate the underlying mechanisms of DEPDC5-related epilepsy and SUDEP. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:812-824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Kao
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yilong Yao
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Ziobro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary Zylinski
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohd Yaqub Mir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuntong Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Runnan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Rajat Banerjee
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jack M. Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Michgian Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel K. Leventhal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Parkinson Disease Foundation Research Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Michgian Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Michgian Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Lauerer RJ, Lerche H. Voltage-gated calcium channels in genetic epilepsies. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37822150 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) are abundant in the central nervous system and serve a broad spectrum of functions, either directly in cellular excitability or indirectly to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis. Ca2+ ions act as one of the main connections in excitation-transcription coupling, muscle contraction and excitation-exocytosis coupling, including synaptic transmission. In recent years, many genes encoding VGCCs main α or additional auxiliary subunits have been associated with epilepsy. This review sums up the current state of knowledge on disease mechanisms and provides guidance on disease-specific therapies where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lauerer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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12
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Bundalian L, Su YY, Chen S, Velluva A, Kirstein AS, Garten A, Biskup S, Battke F, Lal D, Heyne HO, Platzer K, Lin CC, Lemke JR, Le Duc D. Epilepsies of presumed genetic etiology show enrichment of rare variants that occur in the general population. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1110-1122. [PMID: 37369202 PMCID: PMC10357498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that severe epilepsies, e.g., developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), are mainly caused by ultra-rare de novo genetic variants. For milder disease, rare genetic variants could contribute to the phenotype. To determine the importance of rare variants for different epilepsy types, we analyzed a whole-exome sequencing cohort of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,436 control individuals. Here, we separately analyzed three different groups of epilepsies: severe DEEs, genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We required qualifying rare variants (QRVs) to occur in control individuals with an allele count ≥ 1 and a minor allele frequency ≤ 1:1,000, to be predicted as deleterious (CADD ≥ 20), and to have an odds ratio in individuals with epilepsy ≥ 2. We identified genes enriched with QRVs primarily in NAFE (n = 72), followed by GGE (n = 32) and DEE (n = 21). This suggests that rare variants may play a more important role for causality of NAFE than for DEE. Moreover, we found that genes harboring QRVs, e.g., HSGP2, FLNA, or TNC, encode proteins that are involved in structuring the brain extracellular matrix. The present study confirms an involvement of rare variants for NAFE that occur also in the general population, while in DEE and GGE, the contribution of such variants appears more limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yin-Yuan Su
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siwei Chen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akhil Velluva
- Division of General Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Sophia Kirstein
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72070 Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Lal
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Hasso-Plattner-Institut for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Hasso Plattner Institute at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland: FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Koh HY, Smith L, Wiltrout KN, Podury A, Chourasia N, D’Gama AM, Park M, Knight D, Sexton EL, Koh JJ, Oby B, Pinsky R, Shao DD, French CE, Shao W, Rockowitz S, Sliz P, Zhang B, Mahida S, Moufawad El Achkar C, Yuskaitis CJ, Olson HE, Sheidley BR, Poduri AH. Utility of Exome Sequencing for Diagnosis in Unexplained Pediatric-Onset Epilepsy. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324380. [PMID: 37471090 PMCID: PMC10359957 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Genomic advances inform our understanding of epilepsy and can be translated to patients as precision diagnoses that influence clinical treatment, prognosis, and counseling. Objective To delineate the genetic landscape of pediatric epilepsy and clinical utility of genetic diagnoses for patients with epilepsy. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used phenotypic data from medical records and treating clinicians at a pediatric hospital to identify patients with unexplained pediatric-onset epilepsy. Exome sequencing was performed for 522 patients and available biological parents, and sequencing data were analyzed for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Variant pathogenicity was assessed, patients were provided with their diagnostic results, and clinical utility was evaluated. Patients were enrolled from August 2018 to October 2021, and data were analyzed through December 2022. Exposures Phenotypic features associated with diagnostic genetic results. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes included diagnostic yield and clinical utility. Diagnostic findings included variants curated as pathogenic, likely pathogenic (PLP), or diagnostic variants of uncertain significance (VUS) with clinical features consistent with the involved gene's associated phenotype. The proportion of the cohort with diagnostic findings, the genes involved, and their clinical utility, defined as impact on clinical treatment, prognosis, or surveillance, are reported. Results A total of 522 children (269 [51.5%] male; mean [SD] age at seizure onset, 1.2 [1.4] years) were enrolled, including 142 children (27%) with developmental epileptic encephalopathy and 263 children (50.4%) with intellectual disability. Of these, 100 participants (19.2%) had identifiable genetic explanations for their seizures: 89 participants had SNVs (87 germline, 2 somatic mosaic) involving 69 genes, and 11 participants had CNVs. The likelihood of identifying a genetic diagnosis was highest in patients with intellectual disability (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.44; 95% CI, 1.40-4.26), early onset seizures (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98), and motor impairment (aOR, 2.19; 95% CI 1.34-3.58). Among 43 patients with apparently de novo variants, 2 were subsequently determined to have asymptomatic parents harboring mosaic variants. Of 71 patients who received diagnostic results and were followed clinically, 29 (41%) had documented clinical utility resulting from their genetic diagnoses. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that pediatric-onset epilepsy is genetically heterogeneous and that some patients with previously unexplained pediatric-onset epilepsy had genetic diagnoses with direct clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yong Koh
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lacey Smith
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly N. Wiltrout
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nitish Chourasia
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Alissa M. D’Gama
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meredith Park
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devon Knight
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma L. Sexton
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia J. Koh
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon Oby
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Pinsky
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane D. Shao
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney E. French
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanqing Shao
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piotr Sliz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christelle Moufawad El Achkar
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J. Yuskaitis
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather E. Olson
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth Rosen Sheidley
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annapurna H. Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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14
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Smith J, Menéndez Méndez A, Alves M, Parras A, Conte G, Bhattacharya A, Ceusters M, Nicke A, Henshall DC, Jimenez-Mateos EM, Engel T. The P2X7 receptor contributes to seizures and inflammation-driven long-lasting brain hyperexcitability following hypoxia in neonatal mice. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1710-1729. [PMID: 36637008 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neonatal seizures represent a clinical emergency. However, current anti-seizure medications fail to resolve seizures in ~50% of infants. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an important driver of inflammation, and evidence suggests that P2X7R contributes to seizures and epilepsy in adults. However, no genetic proof has yet been provided to determine what contribution P2X7R makes to neonatal seizures, its effects on inflammatory signalling during neonatal seizures, and the therapeutic potential of P2X7R-based treatments on long-lasting brain excitability. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Neonatal seizures were induced by global hypoxia in 7-day-old mouse pups (P7). The role of P2X7Rs during seizures was analysed in P2X7R-overexpressing and knockout mice. Treatment of wild-type mice after hypoxia with the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567 was used to determine the effects of the P2X7R on long-lasting brain hyperexcitability. Cell type-specific P2X7R expression was analysed in P2X7R-EGFP reporter mice. RNA sequencing was used to monitor P2X7R-dependent hippocampal downstream signalling. KEY RESULTS P2X7R deletion reduced seizure severity, whereas P2X7R overexpression exacerbated seizure severity and reduced responsiveness to anti-seizure medication. P2X7R deficiency led to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in microglia, and treatment of mice with a P2X7R antagonist reduced long-lasting brain hyperexcitability. RNA sequencing identified several pathways altered in P2X7R knockout mice after neonatal hypoxia, including a down-regulation of genes implicated in inflammation and glutamatergic signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Treatments based on targeting the P2X7R may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for neonatal seizures with P2X7Rs contributing to the generation of neonatal seizures, driving inflammatory processes and long-term hyperexcitability states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alberto Parras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marc Ceusters
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- The Marc Ceusters Company BV, Diest, Belgium
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M Jimenez-Mateos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Lin R, Li R, Nandakumar NM, Dawson G, Braine EL, Martin B, Powell KL, O'Brien TJ. Effects of the T-type calcium channel Ca V3.2 R1584P mutation on absence seizure susceptibility in GAERS and NEC congenic rats models. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106217. [PMID: 37391087 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Low-voltage-activated or T-type Ca2+ channels play a key role in the generation of seizures in absence epilepsy. We have described a homozygous, gain of function substitution mutation (R1584P) in the CaV3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel gene (Cacna1h) in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). The non-epileptic control (NEC) rats, derived from the same original Wistar strains as GAERS but selectively in-breed not to express seizures, are null for the R1584P mutation. To study the effects of this mutation in rats who otherwise have a GAERS or NEC genetic background, we bred congenic GAERS-Cacna1hNEC (GAERS null for R1584P mutation) and congenic NEC-Cacna1hGAERS (NEC homozygous for R1584P mutation) and evaluated the seizure and behavioral phenotype of these strains in comparison to the original GAERS and NEC strains. METHODS To evaluate seizure expression in the congenic strains, EEG electrodes were implanted in NEC, GAERS, GAERS-Cacna1hNEC without the R1584P mutation, and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS with the R1584P mutation rats. In the first study, continuous EEG recordings were acquired from week 4 (when seizures begin to develop in GAERS) to week 14 of age (when GAERS display hundreds of seizures per day). In the second study, the seizure and behavioral phenotype of GAERS and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS strains were evaluated during young age (6 weeks of age) and adulthood (16 weeks of age) of GAERS, NEC, GAERS-Cacna1hNEC and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. The Open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to evaluate anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior, respectively. This was followed by EEG recordings at 18 weeks of age to quantify the seizures, and spike-wave discharge (SWD) cycle frequency. At the end of the study, the whole thalamus was collected for T-type calcium channel mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS GAERS had a significantly shorter latency to first seizures and an increased number of seizures per day compared to GAERS-Cacna1hNEC. On the other hand, the presence of the R1584P mutation in the NEC-Cacna1hGAERS was not enough to generate spontaneous seizures in their seizure-resistant background. 6 and 16-week-old GAERS and GAERS-Cacna1hNEC rats showed anxiety-like behavior in the OFT, in contrast to NEC and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. Results from the SPT showed that the GAERS developed depressive-like in the SPT compared to GAERS-Cacna1hNEC, NEC, and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. Analysis of the EEG at 18 weeks of age showed that the GAERS had an increased number of seizures per day, increased total seizure duration and a higher cycle frequency of SWD relative to GAERS-Cacna1hNEC. However, the average seizure duration was not significantly different between strains. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the T-type Ca2+ channel isoform CaV3.2 channel expression was significantly increased in GAERS compared to NEC, GAERS-Cacna1hNEC and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. The presence of the R1584P mutation increased the total ratio of CaV3.2 + 25/-25 splice variants in GAERS and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS compared to NEC and GAERS-Cacna1hNEC. DISCUSSION The data from this study demonstrate that the R1584P mutation in isolation on a seizure-resistant NEC genetic background was insufficient to generate absence seizures, and that a GAERS genetic background can cause seizures even without the mutation. However, the study provides evidence that the R1584P mutation acts as a modulator of seizures development and expression, and depressive-like behavior in the SPT, but not the anxiety phenotype of the GAERS model of absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nanditha M Nandakumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia Dawson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma L Braine
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Benoît Martin
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Kim L Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
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Kovačević M, Milićević O, Branković M, Janković M, Novaković I, Sokić D, Ristić A, Shamsani J, Vojvodić N. Novel variants in established epilepsy genes in focal epilepsy. Seizure 2023; 110:146-152. [PMID: 37390664 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly expanded our understanding of genetic contributors in multiple epilepsy syndromes, including focal epilepsy. Describing the genetic architecture of common syndromes promises to facilitate the diagnostic process as well as aid in the identification of patients who stand to benefit from genetic testing, but most studies to date have been limited to examining children or adults with intellectual disability. Our aim was to determine the yield of targeted sequencing of 5 established epilepsy genes (DEPDC5, LGI1, SCN1A, GRIN2A, and PCHD19) in an extensively phenotyped cohort of focal epilepsy patients with normal intellectual function or mild intellectual disability, as well as describe novel variants and determine the characteristics of variant carriers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Targeted panel sequencing was performed on 96 patients with a strong clinical suspicion of genetic focal epilepsy. Patients had previously gone through a comprehensive diagnostic epilepsy evaluation in The Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia. Variants of interest (VOI) were classified using the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology criteria. RESULTS Six VOI in eight (8/96, 8.3%) patients were found in our cohort. Four likely pathogenic VOI were determined in six (6/96, 6.2%) patients, two DEPDC5 variants in two patients, one SCN1A variant in two patients and one PCDH19 variant in two patients. One variant of unknown significance (VUS) was found in GRIN2A in one (1/96, 1.0%) patient. Only one VOI in GRIN2A was classified as likely benign. No VOI were detected in LGI1. CONCLUSION Sequencing of only five known epilepsy genes yielded a diagnostic result in 6.2% of our cohort and revealed multiple novel variants. Further research is necessary for a better understanding of the genetic basis in common epilepsy syndromes in patients with normal intellectual function or mild intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Kovačević
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | - Milena Janković
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Sokić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ristić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nikola Vojvodić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Oliver KL, Scheffer IE, Bennett MF, Grinton BE, Bahlo M, Berkovic SF. Genes4Epilepsy: An epilepsy gene resource. Epilepsia 2023; 64:1368-1375. [PMID: 36808730 PMCID: PMC10952165 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "How many epilepsy genes are there?" is a frequently asked question. We sought to (1) provide a curated list of genes that cause monogenic epilepsies, and (2) compare and contrast epilepsy gene panels from multiple sources. METHODS We compared genes included on the epilepsy panels (as of July 29, 2022) of four clinical diagnostic providers: Invitae, GeneDx, Fulgent Genetics, and Blueprint Genetics; and two research resources: PanelApp Australia and ClinGen. A master list of all unique genes was supplemented by additional genes identified via PubMed searches up until August 15, 2022, using the search terms "genetics" AND/OR "epilepsy" AND/OR "seizures". Evidence supporting a monogenic role for all genes was manually reviewed; those with limited or disputed evidence were excluded. All genes were annotated according to inheritance pattern and broad epilepsy phenotype. RESULTS The comparison of genes included on epilepsy clinical panels revealed high heterogeneity in both number of genes (range: 144-511) and content. Just 111 genes (15.5%) were included on all four clinical panels. Subsequent manual curation of all "epilepsy genes" identified >900 monogenic etiologies. Almost 90% of genes were associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. By comparison only 5% of genes were associated with monogenic causes of "common epilepsies" (i.e., generalized and focal epilepsy syndromes). Autosomal recessive genes were most frequent (56% of genes); however, this varied according to the associated epilepsy phenotype(s). Genes associated with common epilepsy syndromes were more likely to be dominantly inherited and associated with multiple epilepsy types. SIGNIFICANCE Our curated list of monogenic epilepsy genes is publicly available: github.com/bahlolab/genes4epilepsy and will be regularly updated. This gene resource can be utilized to target genes beyond those included on clinical gene panels, for gene enrichment methods and candidate gene prioritization. We invite ongoing feedback and contributions from the scientific community via genes4-epilepsy@unimelb.edu.au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Oliver
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research CentreUniversity of Melbourne, Austin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Population Health and Immunity DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research CentreUniversity of Melbourne, Austin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark F. Bennett
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research CentreUniversity of Melbourne, Austin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Population Health and Immunity DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bronwyn E. Grinton
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research CentreUniversity of Melbourne, Austin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research CentreUniversity of Melbourne, Austin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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18
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Sahly AN, Whitney R, Costain G, Chau V, Otsubo H, Ochi A, Donner EJ, Cunningham J, Jones KC, Widjaja E, Ibrahim GM, Jain P. Epilepsy surgery outcomes in patients with GATOR1 gene complex variants: Report of new cases and review of literature. Seizure 2023; 107:13-20. [PMID: 36931189 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To report seizure outcomes in children with GATOR1 gene complex disorders who underwent epilepsy surgery and perform a systematic literature search to study the available evidence. METHODS The records of children with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in GATOR1 gene complex who underwent epilepsy surgery were reviewed. Clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and histological data were extracted/summarized. The systematic review included all case series/reports and observational studies reporting on children or adults with genetic (germline or somatic) variants in the GATOR1 complex genes (DEPDC5, NPRL2, NPRL3) with focal epilepsy with/without focal cortical dysplasia who underwent epilepsy surgery; seizure outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Eight children with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in GATOR1 complex genes were included. All had drug-resistant epilepsy. Six children had significant neurodevelopmental delay. Epilepsy surgery was performed in all; clinical seizure freedom was noted in 4 children (50%). Systematic literature search identified 17 eligible articles; additional 30 cases with patient-level data were studied. Lesional MRI brain was seen in 80% cases. The pooled rate of seizure freedom following surgery was 60%; FCD IIa was the most encountered pathology. INTERPRETATION Epilepsy surgery may be effective in some children with GATOR1 complex gene variants. Seizure outcomes may be compromised by extensive epileptogenic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N Sahly
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robyn Whitney
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vann Chau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Otsubo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayako Ochi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Donner
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Cunningham
- Hospital Library and Archives, Learning Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elysa Widjaja
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Puneet Jain
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Bundalian L, Su YY, Chen S, Velluva A, Kirstein AS, Garten A, Biskup S, Battke F, Lal D, Heyne HO, Platzer K, Lin CC, Lemke JR, Le Duc D. The role of rare genetic variants enrichment in epilepsies of presumed genetic etiology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.17.23284702. [PMID: 36974069 PMCID: PMC10041669 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.23284702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that severe epilepsies e.g., developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are mainly caused by ultra-rare de novo genetic variants. For milder phenotypes, rare genetic variants could contribute to the phenotype. To determine the importance of rare variants for different epilepsy types, we analyzed a whole-exome sequencing cohort of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,436 controls. Here, we separately analyzed three different groups of epilepsies : severe DEEs, genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We required qualifying rare variants (QRVs) to occur in controls at a minor allele frequency ≤ 1:1,000, to be predicted as deleterious (CADD≥20), and to have an odds ratio in epilepsy cases ≥2. We identified genes enriched with QRVs in DEE (n=21), NAFE (n=72), and GGE (n=32) - the number of enriched genes are found greatest in NAFE and least in DEE. This suggests that rare variants may play a more important role for causality of NAFE than in DEE. Moreover, we found that QRV-carrying genes e.g., HSGP2, FLNA or TNC are involved in structuring the brain extracellular matrix. The present study confirms an involvement of rare variants for NAFE, while in DEE and GGE, the contribution of such variants appears more limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 4103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin-Yuan Su
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siwei Chen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akhil Velluva
- Division of General Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Sophia Kirstein
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72070, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Lal
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, US
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland: FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 4103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 4103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 4103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 4103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Kovačević M, Janković M, Branković M, Milićević O, Novaković I, Sokić D, Ristić A, Shamsani J, Vojvodić N. Novel GATOR1 variants in focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 141:109139. [PMID: 36848747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variants in GATOR1 genes are well established in focal epilepsy syndromes. A strong association of GATOR1 variants with drug-resistant epilepsy as well as an increased risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy warrants developing strategies to facilitate the identification of patients who could potentially benefit from genetic testing and precision medicine. We aimed to determine the yield of GATOR1 gene sequencing in patients with focal epilepsy typically referred for genetic testing, establish novel GATOR1 variants and determine clinical, electroencephalographic, and radiological characteristics of variant carriers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-six patients with clinical suspicion of genetic focal epilepsy with previous comprehensive diagnostic epilepsy evaluation in The Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, were included in the study. Sequencing was performed using a custom gene panel encompassing DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3. Variants of interest (VOI) were classified according to criteria proposed by the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. RESULTS Four previously unreported VOI in 4/96 (4.2%) patients were found in our cohort. Three likely pathogenic variants were determined in 3/96 (3.1%) patients, one frameshift variant in DEPDC5 in a patient with nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy, one splicogenic DEPDC5 variant in a patient with nonlesional posterior quadrant epilepsy, and one frameshift variant in NPRL2 in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Only one VOI, a missense variant in NPRL3, found in 1/96 (1.1%) patients, was classified as a variant of unknown significance. CONCLUSION GATOR1 gene sequencing was diagnostic in 3.1% of our cohort and revealed three novel likely pathogenic variants, including a previously unreported association of temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis with an NPRL2 variant. Further research is essential for a better understanding of the clinical scope of GATOR1 gene-associated epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Kovačević
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Janković
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Dragoslav Sokić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ristić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nikola Vojvodić
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Chen S, Neale BM, Berkovic SF. Shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk for diverse epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 54,423 individuals across multiple genetic ancestries. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.22.23286310. [PMID: 36865150 PMCID: PMC9980234 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.23286310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genetic risk factors for highly heterogeneous disorders like epilepsy remains challenging. Here, we present the largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsy to date to investigate rare variants that confer risk for a spectrum of epilepsy syndromes. With an unprecedented sample size of >54,000 human exomes, composed of 20,979 deep-phenotyped patients with epilepsy and 33,444 controls, we replicate previous gene findings at exome-wide significance; using a hypothesis-free approach, we identify potential novel associations. Most discoveries are specific to a particular subtype of epilepsy, highlighting distinct genetic contributions to different epilepsies. Combining evidence from rare single nucleotide/short indel-, copy number-, and common variants, we find convergence of different genetic risk factors at the level of individual genes. Further comparing to other exome-sequencing studies, we implicate shared rare variant risk between epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Our study also demonstrates the value of collaborative sequencing and deep-phenotyping efforts, which will continue to unravel the complex genetic architecture underlying the heterogeneity of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
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22
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Török F, Tezcan K, Filippini L, Fernández-Quintero ML, Zanetti L, Liedl KR, Drexel RS, Striessnig J, Ortner NJ. Germline de novo variant F747S extends the phenotypic spectrum of CACNA1D Ca2+ channelopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:847-859. [PMID: 36208199 PMCID: PMC9941835 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline gain-of-function missense variants in the pore-forming Cav1.3 α1-subunit (CACNA1D gene) confer high risk for a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with or without endocrine symptoms. Here, we report a 4-week-old new-born with the novel de novo missense variant F747S with a so far not described prominent jittering phenotype in addition to symptoms previously reported for CACNA1D mutations including developmental delay, elevated aldosterone level and transient hypoglycemia. We confirmed the pathogenicity of this variant in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments with wild-type and F747S mutant channels heterologously expressed together with α2δ1 and cytosolic β3 or membrane-bound β2a subunits. Mutation F747S caused the quantitatively largest shift in the voltage dependence of activation (-28 mV) reported so far for CACNA1D germline mutations. It also shifted inactivation to more negative voltages, slowed the time course of current inactivation and slowed current deactivation upon repolarization with both co-expressed β-subunits. In silico modelling and molecular docking, simulations revealed that this gain-of-function phenotype can be explained by formation of a novel inter-domain hydrogen bond between mutant residues S747 (IIS6) with N1145 (IIIS6) stabilizing selectively the activated open channel state. F747S displayed 2-6-fold increased sensitivity for the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker isradipine compared to wild type. Our data confirm the pathogenicity of the F747S variant with very strong gain-of-function gating changes, which may contribute to the novel jittering phenotype. Increased sensitivity for isradipine suggests this drug for potential symptomatic off-label treatment for carriers of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Török
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Kamer Tezcan
- Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA
| | - Ludovica Filippini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Monica L Fernández-Quintero
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Lucia Zanetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Raphaela S Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Nadine J Ortner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Zhang X, Xiao N, Cao Y, Peng Y, Lian A, Chen Y, Wang P, Gu W, Xiao B, Yu J, Wang H, Shu L. De novo variants in MAST4 related to neurodevelopmental disorders with developmental delay and infantile spasms: Genotype-phenotype association. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1097553. [PMID: 36910266 PMCID: PMC9992645 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1097553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to prove that the de novo variants in MAST4 gene are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) with developmental delay (DD) and infantile spasm (IS) and to determine the genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Trio-based exome sequencing (ES) was performed on the four families enrolled in this study. We collected and systematically reviewed the four probands' clinical data, magnetic resonance images (MRI), and electroencephalography (EEG). We also carried out bioinformatics analysis by integrating published exome/genome sequencing data and human brain transcriptomic data. Results We described four patients whose median age of seizure onset was 5 months. The primary manifestation was infantile spasms with typical hypsarrhythmia on EEG. Developmental delays or intellectual disabilities varied among the four individuals. Three de novo missense variants in MAST4 gene were identified from four families, including chr5:66438324 (c.2693T > C: p.Ile898Thr) z, chr5:66459419 (c.4412C > T: p.Thr1471Ile), and chr5:66462662 (c.7655C > G:p.Ser2552Trp). The missense variant p.Ile898Thr is mapped to the AGC-kinase C-terminal with phosphatase activity. The other variant p.Ser2552Trp is located in a phosphoserine-modified residue which may affect cell membrane stability and signal transduction. Besides, the variant p.Thr1471Ile is a recurrent site screened out in two unrelated patients. Compared to private mutations (found only in a single family or a small population) of MAST4 in the gnomAD non-neuro subset, all de novo variants were predicted to be damaging or probably damaging through different bioinformatic analyses. Significantly higher CADD scores of the variant p.Thr1471Ile indicate more deleteriousness of the recurrent site. And the affected amino acids are highly conserved across multiple species. According to the Brainspan Atlas database, MAST4 is expressed primarily in the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and medial prefrontal cortex during the prenatal period, potentially contributing to embryonic brain development. Conclusion Our results revealed that the variants of MAST4 gene might lead to neurodevelopmental disorders with developmental delay and infantile spasm. Thus, MAST4 variants should be considered the potential candidate gene in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders clinically marked by infantile spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Radiology, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ying Peng
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Aojie Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Placental Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanlu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Haviland I, Daniels CI, Greene CA, Drew J, Love-Nichols JA, Swanson LC, Smith L, Nie DA, Benke T, Sheidley BR, Zhang B, Poduri A, Olson HE. Genetic Diagnosis Impacts Medical Management for Pediatric Epilepsies. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 138:71-80. [PMID: 36403551 PMCID: PMC10099530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the impact of genetic diagnosis on medical management in individuals with previously unexplained epilepsy is lacking in the literature. Our goal was to determine the impact of genetic diagnosis on medical management in a cohort of individuals with early-onset epilepsy. METHODS We performed detailed phenotyping of individuals with epilepsy who underwent clinical genetic testing with an epilepsy panel and/or exome sequencing at Boston Children's Hospital between 2012 and 2019. We assessed the impact of genetic diagnosis on medical management. RESULTS We identified a genetic etiology in 152 of 602 (25%) individuals with infantile- or childhood-onset epilepsy who underwent next-generation sequencing. Diagnosis impacted medical management in at least one category for 72% of patients (110 of 152) and in more than one category in 34%. Treatment was impacted in 45% of individuals, including 36% with impact on antiseizure medication choice, 7% on use of disease-specific vitamin or metabolic treatments, 3% on pathway-driven off-label use of medications, and 10% on discussion of gene-specific clinical trials. Care coordination was impacted in 48% of individuals. Counseling on a change in prognosis was reported in 28% of individuals, and 1% of individuals had a correction of diagnosis. Impact was documented in 13 of 13 individuals with neurotypical development and in 55% of those with epilepsy onset after age two years. CONCLUSION We demonstrated meaningful impact of genetic diagnosis on medical care and prognosis in over 70% of individuals, including those with neurotypical development and age of epilepsy onset after age two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Haviland
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyn I Daniels
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin A Greene
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Drew
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University Clinical Investigation Master's Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie A Love-Nichols
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lindsay C Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lacey Smith
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Duyu A Nie
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Pediatric Neurology and the Children's Neurodevelopment Center (CNDC), Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Timothy Benke
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Pharmacology, and Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Beth R Sheidley
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather E Olson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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25
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Rihar N, Krgovic D, Kokalj-Vokač N, Stangler-Herodez S, Zorc M, Dovc P. Identification of potentially pathogenic variants for autism spectrum disorders using gene-burden analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273957. [PMID: 37167322 PMCID: PMC10174571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene- burden analyses have lately become a very successful way for the identification of genes carrying risk variants underlying the analysed disease. This approach is also suitable for complex disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The gene-burden analysis using Testing Rare Variants with Public Data (TRAPD) software was conducted on whole exome sequencing data of Slovenian patients with ASD to determine potentially novel disease risk variants in known ASD-associated genes as well as in others. To choose the right control group for testing, principal component analysis based on the 1000 Genomes and ASD cohort samples was conducted. The subsequent protein structure and ligand binding analysis usingI-TASSER package were performed to detect changes in protein structure and ligand binding to determine a potential pathogenic consequence of observed mutation. The obtained results demonstrate an association of two variants-p.Glu198Lys (PPP2R5D:c.592G>A) and p.Arg253Gln (PPP2R5D:c.758G>A) with the ASD. Substitution p.Glu198Lys (PPP2R5D:c.592G>A) is a variant, previously described as pathogenic in association with ASD combined with intellectual disability, whereas p.Arg253Gln (PPP2R5D:c.758G>A) has not been described as an ASD-associated pathogenic variant yet. The results indicate that the filtering process was suitable and could be used in the future for detection of novel pathogenic variants when analysing groups of ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Rihar
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Krgovic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Maribor Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Kokalj-Vokač
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Maribor Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Spela Stangler-Herodez
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Maribor Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Minja Zorc
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Dovc
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Al Anazi AH, Ammar AS, Al-Hajj M, Cyrus C, Aljaafari D, Khoda I, Abdelfatah AK, Alsulaiman AA, Alanazi F, Alanazi R, Gandla D, Lad H, Barayan S, Keating BJ, Al-Ali AK. Whole-exome sequencing of a Saudi epilepsy cohort reveals association signals in known and potentially novel loci. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:71. [PMID: 36539902 PMCID: PMC9764464 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy, a serious chronic neurological condition effecting up to 100 million people globally, has clear genetic underpinnings including common and rare variants. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of epilepsy is high and caused mainly by perinatal and genetic factors. No whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have been performed to date in Saudi Arabian epilepsy cohorts. This offers a unique opportunity for the discovery of rare genetic variants impacting this disease as there is a high rate of consanguinity among large tribal pedigrees. RESULTS We performed WES on 144 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy, to interrogate known epilepsy-related genes for known and functional novel variants. We also used an American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guideline-based variant prioritization approach in an attempt to discover putative causative variants. We identified 32 potentially causative pathogenic variants across 30 different genes in 44/144 (30%) of these Saudi epilepsy individuals. We also identified 232 variants of unknown significance (VUS) across 101 different genes in 133/144 (92%) subjects. Strong enrichment of variants of likely pathogenicity was observed in previously described epilepsy-associated loci, and a number of putative pathogenic variants in novel loci are also observed. CONCLUSION Several putative pathogenic variants in known epilepsy-related loci were identified for the first time in our population, in addition to several potential new loci which may be prioritized for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman H. Al Anazi
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Ammar
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Hajj
- grid.415296.d0000 0004 0607 1539Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital, Alhafof, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyril Cyrus
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah Aljaafari
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iname Khoda
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K. Abdelfatah
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alsulaiman
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firas Alanazi
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alanazi
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Gandla
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hetal Lad
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Samar Barayan
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Amein K. Al-Ali
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Perucca P, Stanley K, Harris N, McIntosh AM, Asadi-Pooya AA, Mikati MA, Andrade DM, Dugan P, Depondt C, Choi H, Heinzen EL, Cavalleri GL, Buono RJ, Devinsky O, Sperling MR, Berkovic SF, Delanty N, Goldstein DB, O'Brien TJ. Rare Genetic Variation and Outcome of Surgery for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2022; 93:752-761. [PMID: 36534060 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic factors have long been debated as a cause of failure of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). We investigated whether rare genetic variation influences seizure outcomes of MTLE surgery. METHODS We performed an international, multicenter, whole exome sequencing study of patients who underwent surgery for drug-resistant, unilateral MTLE with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or MRI evidence of hippocampal sclerosis and ≥2-year postsurgical follow-up. Patients with either sustained seizure freedom (favorable outcome) or ongoing uncontrolled seizures since surgery (unfavorable outcome) were included. Exomes of controls without epilepsy were also included. Gene set burden analyses were carried out to identify genes with significant enrichment of rare deleterious variants in patients compared to controls. RESULTS Nine centers from 3 continents contributed 206 patients operated for drug-resistant unilateral MTLE, of whom 196 (149 with favorable outcome and 47 with unfavorable outcome) were included after stringent quality control. Compared to 8,718 controls, MTLE cases carried a higher burden of ultrarare missense variants in constrained genes that are intolerant to loss-of-function (LoF) variants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-3.5, p = 1.3E-09) and in genes encoding voltage-gated cation channels (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4-3.8, p = 2.7E-04). Proportions of subjects with such variants were comparable between patients with favorable outcome and those with unfavorable outcome, with no significant between-group differences. INTERPRETATION Rare variation contributes to the genetic architecture of MTLE, but does not appear to have a major role in failure of MTLE surgery. These findings can be incorporated into presurgical decision-making and counseling. ANN NEUROL 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Perucca
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Stanley
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natasha Harris
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne M McIntosh
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Patricia Dugan
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hyunmi Choi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Russell J Buono
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norman Delanty
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Motelow JE, Lippa NC, Hostyk J, Feldman E, Nelligan M, Ren Z, Alkelai A, Milner JD, Gharavi AG, Tang Y, Goldstein DB, Kernie SG. Risk Variants in the Exomes of Children With Critical Illness. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2239122. [PMID: 36306130 PMCID: PMC9617179 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Diagnostic genetic testing can lead to changes in management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Genetic risk in children with critical illness but nondiagnostic exome sequencing (ES) has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between loss-of-function (LOF) variants and pediatric critical illness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This genetic association study examined ES first screened for causative variants among 267 children at the Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NewYork-Presbyterian, of whom 22 were otherwise healthy with viral respiratory failure; 18 deceased children with bronchiolitis from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, of whom 14 were previously healthy; and 9990 controls from the Institute for Genomic Medicine at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. The ES data were generated between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, and analyzed between January 1, 2017, and September 2, 2022. EXPOSURE Critical illness. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Odds ratios and P values for genes and gene-sets enriched for rare LOF variants and the loss-of-function observed/expected upper bound fraction (LOEUF) score at which cases have a significant enrichment. RESULTS This study included 285 children with critical illness (median [range] age, 4.1 [0-18.9] years; 148 [52%] male) and 9990 controls. A total of 228 children (80%) did not receive a genetic diagnosis. After quality control (QC), 231 children harbored excess rare LOF variants in genes with a LOEUF score of 0.680 or less (intolerant genes) (P = 1.0 × 10-5). After QC, 176 children without a diagnosis harbored excess ultrarare LOF variants in intolerant genes but only in those without a known disease association (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5). After QC, 25 children with viral respiratory failure harbored excess ultrarare LOF variants in intolerant genes but only in those without a known disease association (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6). A total of 114 undiagnosed children were enriched for de novo LOF variants in genes without a known disease association (observed, 14; expected, 6.8; enrichment, 2.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this genetic association study, excess LOF variants were observed among critically ill children despite nondiagnostic ES. Variants lay in genes without a known disease association, suggesting future investigation may connect phenotypes to causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Motelow
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Natalie C. Lippa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Hostyk
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Evin Feldman
- Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Nelligan
- Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Alkelai
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Yingying Tang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, New York
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven G. Kernie
- Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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29
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Krüger J, Schubert J, Kegele J, Labalme A, Mao M, Heighway J, Seebohm G, Yan P, Koko M, Aslan-Kara K, Caglayan H, Steinhoff BJ, Weber YG, Keo-Kosal P, Berkovic SF, Hildebrand MS, Petrou S, Krause R, May P, Lesca G, Maljevic S, Lerche H. Loss-of-function variants in the KCNQ5 gene are implicated in genetic generalized epilepsies. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104244. [PMID: 36088682 PMCID: PMC9471468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background De novo missense variants in KCNQ5, encoding the voltage-gated K+ channel KV7.5, have been described to cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) or intellectual disability (ID). We set out to identify disease-related KCNQ5 variants in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and their underlying mechanisms. Methods 1292 families with GGE were studied by next-generation sequencing. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, biotinylation and phospholipid overlay assays were performed in mammalian cells combined with homology modelling. Findings We identified three deleterious heterozygous missense variants, one truncation and one splice site alteration in five independent families with GGE with predominant absence seizures; two variants were also associated with mild to moderate ID. All missense variants displayed a strongly decreased current density indicating a loss-of-function (LOF). When mutant channels were co-expressed with wild-type (WT) KV7.5 or KV7.5 and KV7.3 channels, three variants also revealed a significant dominant-negative effect on WT channels. Other gating parameters were unchanged. Biotinylation assays indicated a normal surface expression of the variants. The R359C variant altered PI(4,5)P2-interaction. Interpretation Our study identified deleterious KCNQ5 variants in GGE, partially combined with mild to moderate ID. The disease mechanism is a LOF partially with dominant-negative effects through functional deficits. LOF of KV7.5 channels will reduce the M-current, likely resulting in increased excitability of KV7.5-expressing neurons. Further studies on network level are necessary to understand which circuits are affected and how this induces generalized seizures. Funding DFG/FNR Research Unit FOR-2715 (Germany/Luxemburg), BMBF rare disease network Treat-ION (Germany), foundation ‘no epilep’ (Germany).
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Knowles JK, Helbig I, Metcalf CS, Lubbers LS, Isom LL, Demarest S, Goldberg EM, George AL, Lerche H, Weckhuysen S, Whittemore V, Berkovic SF, Lowenstein DH. Precision medicine for genetic epilepsy on the horizon: Recent advances, present challenges, and suggestions for continued progress. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2461-2475. [PMID: 35716052 PMCID: PMC9561034 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis of many epilepsies is increasingly understood, giving rise to the possibility of precision treatments tailored to specific genetic etiologies. Despite this, current medical therapy for most epilepsies remains imprecise, aimed primarily at empirical seizure reduction rather than targeting specific disease processes. Intellectual and technological leaps in diagnosis over the past 10 years have not yet translated to routine changes in clinical practice. However, the epilepsy community is poised to make impressive gains in precision therapy, with continued innovation in gene discovery, diagnostic ability, and bioinformatics; increased access to genetic testing and counseling; fuller understanding of natural histories; agility and rigor in preclinical research, including strategic use of emerging model systems; and engagement of an evolving group of stakeholders (including patient advocates, governmental resources, and clinicians and scientists in academia and industry). In each of these areas, we highlight notable examples of recent progress, new or persistent challenges, and future directions. The future of precision medicine for genetic epilepsy looks bright if key opportunities on the horizon can be pursued with strategic and coordinated effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet K. Knowles
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cameron S. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura S. Lubbers
- Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lori L. Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott Demarest
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ethan M. Goldberg
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- μNEURO Research Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel H. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Lv YQ, Wang X, Jiao YZ, Wang YH, Wang N, Gao L, Zhang JJ. Interactome overlap between risk genes of epilepsy and targets of anti-epileptic drugs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272428. [PMID: 36006933 PMCID: PMC9409560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aanti-epileptic drugs have been used for treating epilepsy for decades, meanwhile, more than one hundred genes have been identified to be associated with risk of epilepsy; however, the interaction mechanism between anti-epileptic drugs and risk genes of epilepsy was still not clearly understood. In this study, we systematically explored the interaction of epilepsy risk genes and anti-epileptic drug targets through a network-based approach. Our results revealed that anti-epileptic drug targets were significantly over-represented in risk genes of epilepsy with 17 overlapping genes and P-value = 2.2 ×10 −16. We identified a significantly localized PPI network with 55 epileptic risk genes and 94 anti-epileptic drug target genes, and network overlap analysis showed significant interactome overlap between risk genes and drug targets with P-value = 0.04. Besides, genes from PPI network were significantly enriched in the co-expression network of epilepsy with 22 enriched genes and P-value = 1.3 ×10 −15; meanwhile, cell type enrichment analysis indicated genes in this network were significantly enriched in 4 brain cell types (Interneuron, Medium Spiny Neuron, CA1 pyramidal Neuron, and Somatosensory pyramidal Neuron). These results provide evidence for significant interactions between epilepsy risk genes and anti-epileptic drug targets from the perspective of network biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Zhuang Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (JJZ); (LG)
| | - Jing-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (JJZ); (LG)
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Larivière S, Royer J, Rodríguez-Cruces R, Paquola C, Caligiuri ME, Gambardella A, Concha L, Keller SS, Cendes F, Yasuda CL, Bonilha L, Gleichgerrcht E, Focke NK, Domin M, von Podewills F, Langner S, Rummel C, Wiest R, Martin P, Kotikalapudi R, O'Brien TJ, Sinclair B, Vivash L, Desmond PM, Lui E, Vaudano AE, Meletti S, Tondelli M, Alhusaini S, Doherty CP, Cavalleri GL, Delanty N, Kälviäinen R, Jackson GD, Kowalczyk M, Mascalchi M, Semmelroch M, Thomas RH, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Davoodi-Bojd E, Zhang J, Winston GP, Griffin A, Singh A, Tiwari VK, Kreilkamp BAK, Lenge M, Guerrini R, Hamandi K, Foley S, Rüber T, Weber B, Depondt C, Absil J, Carr SJA, Abela E, Richardson MP, Devinsky O, Severino M, Striano P, Tortora D, Kaestner E, Hatton SN, Vos SB, Caciagli L, Duncan JS, Whelan CD, Thompson PM, Sisodiya SM, Bernasconi A, Labate A, McDonald CR, Bernasconi N, Bernhardt BC. Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4320. [PMID: 35896547 PMCID: PMC9329287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is associated with genetic risk factors and cortico-subcortical network alterations, but associations between neurobiological mechanisms and macroscale connectomics remain unclear. This multisite ENIGMA-Epilepsy study examined whole-brain structural covariance networks in patients with epilepsy and related findings to postmortem epilepsy risk gene expression patterns. Brain network analysis included 578 adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 288 adults with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and 1328 healthy controls from 18 centres worldwide. Graph theoretical analysis of structural covariance networks revealed increased clustering and path length in orbitofrontal and temporal regions in TLE, suggesting a shift towards network regularization. Conversely, people with IGE showed decreased clustering and path length in fronto-temporo-parietal cortices, indicating a random network configuration. Syndrome-specific topological alterations reflected expression patterns of risk genes for hippocampal sclerosis in TLE and for generalized epilepsy in IGE. These imaging-transcriptomic signatures could potentially guide diagnosis or tailor therapeutic approaches to specific epilepsy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Larivière
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jessica Royer
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Cruces
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Casey Paquola
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Gambardella
- Neuroscience Research Center, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Luis Concha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Simon S Keller
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Niels K Focke
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Domin
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Functional Imaging Unit, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix von Podewills
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Soenke Langner
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Rummel
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Martin
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raviteja Kotikalapudi
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Sinclair
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Vivash
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elaine Lui
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Tondelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Primary Care Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Colin P Doherty
- Department of Neurology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Reetta Kälviäinen
- Epilepsy Center, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Graeme D Jackson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Magdalena Kowalczyk
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mario Mascalchi
- Neuroradiology Research Program, Meyer Children Hospital of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mira Semmelroch
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- Transitional and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
- Contol and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Research Administration and Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Junsong Zhang
- Cognitive Science Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - Aoife Griffin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aditi Singh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Matteo Lenge
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Functional and Epilepsy Neurosurgery Unit, Neurosurgery Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Child Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Khalid Hamandi
- The Welsh Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Whales, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), College of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sonya Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), College of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Theodor Rüber
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Absil
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah J A Carr
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenio Abela
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark P Richardson
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, US
| | | | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Erik Kaestner
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Labate
- Neurology, BIOMORF Dipartment, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Campbell C, Leu C, Feng YCA, Wolking S, Moreau C, Ellis C, Ganesan S, Martins H, Oliver K, Boothman I, Benson K, Molloy A, Brody L, Michaud JL, Hamdan FF, Minassian BA, Lerche H, Scheffer IE, Sisodiya S, Girard S, Cosette P, Delanty N, Lal D, Cavalleri GL. The role of common genetic variation in presumed monogenic epilepsies. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104098. [PMID: 35679801 PMCID: PMC9188960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are the most severe group of epilepsies which co-present with developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID). DEEs usually occur in people without a family history of epilepsy and have emerged as primarily monogenic, with damaging rare mutations found in 50% of patients. Little is known about the genetic architecture of patients with DEEs in whom no pathogenic variant is identified. Polygenic risk scoring (PRS) is a method that measures a person's common genetic burden for a trait or condition. Here, we used PRS to test whether genetic burden for epilepsy is relevant in individuals with DEEs, and other forms of epilepsy with ID. METHODS Genetic data on 2,759 cases with DEEs, or epilepsy with ID presumed to have a monogenic basis, and 447,760 population-matched controls were analysed. We compared PRS for 'all epilepsy', 'focal epilepsy', and 'genetic generalised epilepsy' (GGE) between cases and controls. We performed pairwise comparisons between cases stratified for identifiable rare deleterious genetic variants and controls. FINDINGS Cases of presumed monogenic severe epilepsy had an increased PRS for 'all epilepsy' (p<0.0001), 'focal epilepsy' (p<0.0001), and 'GGE' (p=0.0002) relative to controls, which explain between 0.08% and 3.3% of phenotypic variance. PRS was increased in cases both with and without an identified deleterious variant of major effect, and there was no significant difference in PRS between the two groups. INTERPRETATION We provide evidence that common genetic variation contributes to the aetiology of DEEs and other forms of epilepsy with ID, even when there is a known pathogenic variant of major effect. These results provide insight into the genetic underpinnings of the severe epilepsies and warrant a shift in our understanding of the aetiology of the DEEs as complex, rather than monogenic, disorders. FUNDING Science foundation Ireland, Human Genome Research Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; German Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Campbell
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland; The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, United Kingdom; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yen-Chen Anne Feng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology & Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Epileptology and Neurology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Claudia Moreau
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Colin Ellis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shiva Ganesan
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA; The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Helena Martins
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Oliver
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabelle Boothman
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland; The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Katherine Benson
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland; The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anne Molloy
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lawrence Brody
- Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology & Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- University of Melbourne, Austin and Royal Children's Hospitals, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Girard
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Patrick Cosette
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Norman Delanty
- The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Dennis Lal
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland; The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
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Robens BK, Yang X, McGraw CM, Turner LH, Robens C, Thyme S, Rotenberg A, Poduri A. Mosaic and non-mosaic protocadherin 19 mutation leads to neuronal hyperexcitability in zebrafish. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105738. [PMID: 35460869 PMCID: PMC9284424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. The X-linked gene PCDH19 is associated with sporadic and familial epilepsy in humans, typically with early-onset clustering seizures and intellectual disability in females but not in so-called 'carrier' males, suggesting that mosaic PCDH19 expression is required to produce epilepsy. To characterize the role of loss of PCDH19 function in epilepsy, we generated zebrafish with truncating pcdh19 variants. Evaluating zebrafish larvae for electrophysiological abnormalities, we observed hyperexcitability phenotypes in both mosaic and non-mosaic pcdh19+/- and pcdh19-/- mutant larvae. Thus, we demonstrate that the key feature of epilepsy-network hyperexcitability-can be modeled effectively in zebrafish, even though overt spontaneous seizure-like swim patterns were not observed. Further, zebrafish with non-mosaic pcdh19 mutation displayed reduced numbers of inhibitory interneurons suggesting a potential cellular basis for the observed hyperexcitability. Our findings in both mosaic and non-mosaic pcdh19 mutant zebrafish challenge the prevailing theory that mosaicism governs all PCDH19-related phenotypes and point to interneuron-mediated mechanisms underlying these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Robens
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinzhu Yang
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M McGraw
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura H Turner
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Robens
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Summer Thyme
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Oliver KL, Ellis CA, Scheffer IE, Ganesan S, Leu C, Sadleir LG, Heinzen EL, Mefford HC, Bass AJ, Curtis SW, Harris RV, Whiteman DC, Helbig I, Ottman R, Epstein MP, Bahlo M, Berkovic SF. Common risk variants for epilepsy are enriched in families previously targeted for rare monogenic variant discovery. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104079. [PMID: 35636315 PMCID: PMC9156876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epilepsies are highly heritable conditions that commonly follow complex inheritance. While monogenic causes have been identified in rare familial epilepsies, most familial epilepsies remain unsolved. We aimed to determine (1) whether common genetic variation contributes to familial epilepsy risk, and (2) whether that genetic risk is enriched in familial compared with non-familial (sporadic) epilepsies. METHODS Using common variants derived from the largest epilepsy genome-wide association study, we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for patients with familial epilepsy (n = 1,818 from 1,181 families), their unaffected relatives (n = 771), sporadic patients (n = 1,182), and population controls (n = 15,929). We also calculated separate PRS for genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) and focal epilepsy. Statistical analyses used mixed-effects regression models to account for familial relatedness, sex, and ancestry. FINDINGS Patients with familial epilepsies had higher epilepsy PRS compared to population controls (OR 1·20, padj = 5×10-9), sporadic patients (OR 1·11, padj = 0.008), and their own unaffected relatives (OR 1·12, padj = 0.01). The top 1% of the PRS distribution was enriched 3.8-fold for individuals with familial epilepsy when compared to the lowest decile (padj = 5×10-11). Familial PRS enrichment was consistent across epilepsy type; overall, polygenic risk was greatest for the GGE clinical group. There was no significant PRS difference in familial cases with established rare variant genetic etiologies compared to unsolved familial cases. INTERPRETATION The aggregate effects of common genetic variants, measured as polygenic risk scores, play an important role in explaining why some families develop epilepsy, why specific family members are affected while their relatives are not, and why families manifest specific epilepsy types. Polygenic risk contributes to the complex inheritance of the epilepsies, including in individuals with a known genetic etiology. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, National Institutes of Health, American Academy of Neurology, Thomas B and Jeannette E Laws McCabe Fund, Mirowski Family Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Oliver
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia,Population Health and Immunity Division, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colin A. Ellis
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,The Florey Institute and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiva Ganesan
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lynette G. Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Erin L. Heinzen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather C. Mefford
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew J. Bass
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah W. Curtis
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebekah V. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | | | - David C. Whiteman
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingo Helbig
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Ottman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, and the Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia,Corresponding author.
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Samanta D. DEPDC5-related epilepsy: A comprehensive review. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 130:108678. [PMID: 35429726 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DEPDC5-related epilepsy, caused by pathogenic germline variants(with or without additional somatic variants in the brain) of DEPDC5 (Dishevelled, Egl-10 and Pleckstrin domain-containing protein 5) gene, is a newly discovered predominantly focal epilepsy linked to enhanced mTORC1 pathway. DEPDC5-related epilepsy includes several familial epilepsy syndromes, including familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF) and rare sporadic nonlesional focal epilepsy. DEPDC5 has been identified as one of the more common epilepsy genes linked to infantile spasms and sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). Although intelligence usually is unaffected in DEPDC5-related epilepsy, some people have been diagnosed with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and other psychiatric problems. DEPDC5 variants have also been found in 20% of individuals with various brain abnormalities, challenging the traditional distinction between lesional and nonlesional epilepsies. The most exciting development of DEPDC5 variants is the possibility of precision therapeutics using mTOR inhibitors, as evidenced with phenotypic rescue in many animal models. However, more research is needed to better understand the functional impact of diverse (particularly missense or splice-region) variants, the specific involvement of DEPDC5 in epileptogenesis, and the creation and utilization of precision therapies in humans. Precision treatments for DEPDC5-related epilepsy will benefit not only a small number of people with the condition, but they will also pave the way for new therapeutic approaches in epilepsy (including acquired epilepsies in which mTORC1 activation occurs, for example, post-traumatic epilepsy) and other neurological disorders involving a dysfunctional mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopam Samanta
- Child Neurology Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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Koko M, Motelow JE, Stanley KE, Bobbili DR, Dhindsa RS, May P. Association of ultra-rare coding variants with genetic generalized epilepsy: A case-control whole exome sequencing study. Epilepsia 2022; 63:723-735. [PMID: 35032048 PMCID: PMC8891088 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify genes associated with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) by combining large cohorts enriched with individuals with a positive family history. Secondarily, we set out to compare the association of genes independently with familial and sporadic GGE. METHODS We performed a case-control whole exome sequencing study in unrelated individuals of European descent diagnosed with GGE (previously recruited and sequenced through multiple international collaborations) and ancestry-matched controls. The association of ultra-rare variants (URVs; in 18 834 protein-coding genes) with epilepsy was examined in 1928 individuals with GGE (vs. 8578 controls), then separately in 945 individuals with familial GGE (vs. 8626 controls), and finally in 1005 individuals with sporadic GGE (vs. 8621 controls). We additionally examined the association of URVs with familial and sporadic GGE in two gene sets important for inhibitory signaling (19 genes encoding γ-aminobutyric acid type A [GABAA ] receptors, 113 genes representing the GABAergic pathway). RESULTS GABRG2 was associated with GGE (p = 1.8 × 10-5 ), approaching study-wide significance in familial GGE (p = 3.0 × 10-6 ), whereas no gene approached a significant association with sporadic GGE. Deleterious URVs in the most intolerant subgenic regions in genes encoding GABAA receptors were associated with familial GGE (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-7.8, false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted p = .0024), whereas their association with sporadic GGE had marginally lower odds (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.3-6.7, FDR-adjusted p = .022). URVs in GABAergic pathway genes were associated with familial GGE (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.5, FDR-adjusted p = .0024) but not with sporadic GGE (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = .9-1.9, FDR-adjusted p = .19). SIGNIFICANCE URVs in GABRG2 are likely an important risk factor for familial GGE. The association of gene sets of GABAergic signaling with familial GGE is more prominent than with sporadic GGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Koko
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joshua E. Motelow
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Kate E. Stanley
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Dheeraj R. Bobbili
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ryan S. Dhindsa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Whole exome sequencing in Alopecia Areata identifies rare variants in KRT82. Nat Commun 2022; 13:800. [PMID: 35145093 PMCID: PMC8831607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a complex genetic disease that results in hair loss due to the autoimmune-mediated attack of the hair follicle. We previously defined a role for both rare and common variants in our earlier GWAS and linkage studies. Here, we identify rare variants contributing to Alopecia Areata using a whole exome sequencing and gene-level burden analyses approach on 849 Alopecia Areata patients compared to 15,640 controls. KRT82 is identified as an Alopecia Areata risk gene with rare damaging variants in 51 heterozygous Alopecia Areata individuals (6.01%), achieving genome-wide significance (p = 2.18E−07). KRT82 encodes a hair-specific type II keratin that is exclusively expressed in the hair shaft cuticle during anagen phase, and its expression is decreased in Alopecia Areata patient skin and hair follicles. Finally, we find that cases with an identified damaging KRT82 variant and reduced KRT82 expression have elevated perifollicular CD8 infiltrates. In this work, we utilize whole exome sequencing to successfully identify a significant Alopecia Areata disease-relevant gene, KRT82, and reveal a proposed mechanism for rare variant predisposition leading to disrupted hair shaft integrity. Common variants have been discovered to be associated with Alopecia Areata; however, rare variants have been less well studied. Here, the authors use whole-exome sequencing to identify associated rare variants in the hair keratin gene KRT82. Further, they find that individuals with Alopecia Areata have reduced expression of KRT82 in the skin and hair follicle.
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Skotte L, Fadista J, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Appadurai V, Hildebrand MS, Hansen TF, Banasik K, Grove J, Albiñana C, Geller F, Bjurström CF, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Coleman M, Damiano JA, Burgess R, Scheffer IE, Pedersen OBV, Erikstrup C, Westergaard D, Nielsen KR, Sørensen E, Bruun MT, Liu X, Hjalgrim H, Pers TH, Mortensen PB, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Dreier JW, Børglum AD, Christensen J, Hougaard DM, Buil A, Hviid A, Melbye M, Ullum H, Berkovic SF, Werge T, Feenstra B. Genome-wide association study of febrile seizures implicates fever response and neuronal excitability genes. Brain 2022; 145:555-568. [PMID: 35022648 PMCID: PMC9128543 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures represent the most common type of pathological brain activity in
young children and are influenced by genetic, environmental and developmental
factors. In a minority of cases, febrile seizures precede later development of
epilepsy. We conducted a genome-wide association study of febrile seizures in 7635 cases
and 83 966 controls identifying and replicating seven new loci, all with
P < 5 × 10−10. Variants at two loci were functionally related to altered expression of the fever
response genes PTGER3 and IL10, and four other
loci harboured genes (BSN, ERC2,
GABRG2, HERC1) influencing neuronal
excitability by regulating neurotransmitter release and binding, vesicular
transport or membrane trafficking at the synapse. Four previously reported loci
(SCN1A, SCN2A, ANO3 and
12q21.33) were all confirmed. Collectively, the seven novel and four previously
reported loci explained 2.8% of the variance in liability to febrile
seizures, and the single nucleotide polymorphism heritability based on all
common autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms was 10.8%.
GABRG2, SCN1A and SCN2A
are well-established epilepsy genes and, overall, we found positive genetic
correlations with epilepsies (rg = 0.39,
P = 1.68 × 10−4). Further,
we found that higher polygenic risk scores for febrile seizures were associated
with epilepsy and with history of hospital admission for febrile seizures.
Finally, we found that polygenic risk of febrile seizures was lower in febrile
seizure patients with neuropsychiatric disease compared to febrile seizure
patients in a general population sample. In conclusion, this largest genetic investigation of febrile seizures to date
implicates central fever response genes as well as genes affecting neuronal
excitability, including several known epilepsy genes. Further functional and
genetic studies based on these findings will provide important insights into the
complex pathophysiological processes of seizures with and without fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine–Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Albiñana
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen F Bjurström
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew Coleman
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Damiano
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Burgess
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Flemington, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital North, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie W Dreier
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine–Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Christensen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Buil
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Hviid
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Whole-exome sequencing with targeted analysis and epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:896-902. [PMID: 33846556 PMCID: PMC9064802 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of pathogenic gene variants with development of epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures is not known. METHODS Case-control study of 20 trios in children with a history of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures: 10 with and 10 without post-neonatal epilepsy. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and identified pathogenic de novo, transmitted, and non-transmitted variants from established and candidate epilepsy association genes and correlated prevalence of these variants with epilepsy outcomes. We performed a sensitivity analysis with genes associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We analyzed variants throughout the exome to evaluate for differential enrichment of functional properties using exploratory KEGG searches. RESULTS Querying 200 established and candidate epilepsy genes, pathogenic variants were identified in 5 children with post-neonatal epilepsy yet in only 1 child without subsequent epilepsy. There was no difference in the number of trios with non-transmitted pathogenic variants in epilepsy or CAD genes. An exploratory KEGG analysis demonstrated a relative enrichment in cell death pathways in children without subsequent epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, children with epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures had a higher prevalence of coding variants with a targeted epilepsy gene sequencing analysis compared to those patients without subsequent epilepsy. IMPACT We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 20 trios, including 10 children with epilepsy and 10 without epilepsy, both after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures. Children with post-neonatal epilepsy had a higher burden of pathogenic variants in epilepsy-associated genes compared to those without post-neonatal epilepsy. Future studies evaluating this association may lead to a better understanding of the risk of epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures and elucidate molecular pathways that are dysregulated after brain injury and implicated in epileptogenesis.
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Yang Y, Niu X, Cheng M, Zeng Q, Deng J, Tian X, Wang Y, Yu J, Shi W, Wu W, Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Jia T, Yang Z, Liao J, Sun Y, Zheng H, Sun S, Sun D, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. Phenotypic Spectrum and Prognosis of Epilepsy Patients With GABRG2 Variants. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:809163. [PMID: 35359574 PMCID: PMC8964129 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.809163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and phenotypic aspects of GABRG2-related epilepsy and its prognosis and to explore the potential prospects for personalized medicine. METHODS Through a multicenter collaboration in China, we analyzed the genotype-phenotype correlation and antiseizure medication (ASM) of patients with GABRG2-related epilepsy. The three-dimensional protein structure of the GABRG2 variant was modeled to predict the effect of GABRG2 missense variants using PyMOL 2.3 software. RESULTS In 35 patients with GABRG2 variants, 22 variants were de novo, and 18 variants were novel. The seizure onset age was ranged from 2 days after birth to 34 months (median age: 9 months). The seizure onset age was less than 1 year old in 22 patients (22/35, 62.9%). Seizure types included focal seizures (68.6%), generalized tonic-clonic seizures (60%), myoclonic seizures (14.3%), and absence seizures (11.4%). Other clinical features included fever-sensitive seizures (91.4%), cluster seizures (57.1%), and developmental delay (45.7%). Neuroimaging was abnormal in 2 patients, including dysplasia of the frontotemporal cortex and delayed myelination of white matter. Twelve patients were diagnosed with febrile seizures plus, eleven with epilepsy and developmental delay, two with Dravet syndrome, two with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, two with focal epilepsy, two with febrile seizures, and four with unclassified epilepsy. The proportions of patients with missense variants in the extracellular region and the transmembrane region exhibiting developmental delay were 40% and 63.2%, respectively. The last follow-up age ranged from 11 months to 17 years. Seizures were controlled in 71.4% of patients, and 92% of their seizures were controlled by valproate and/or levetiracetam. CONCLUSION The clinical features of GABRG2-related epilepsy included seizure onset, usually in infancy, and seizures were fever-sensitive. More than half of the patients had cluster seizures. Phenotypes of GABRG2-related epilepsy were ranged from mild febrile seizures to severe epileptic encephalopathies. Most patients with GABRG2 variants who experienced seizures had a good prognosis. Valproate and levetiracetam were effective treatments for most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Children’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiehui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianming Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Children’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuehua Zhang,
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De novo mutations in childhood cases of sudden unexplained death that disrupt intracellular Ca2+ regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2115140118. [PMID: 34930847 PMCID: PMC8719874 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115140118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 400 United States children 1 y of age and older die suddenly from unexplained causes annually. We studied whole-exome sequence data from 124 “trios” (decedent child and living parents) to identify genetic risk factors. Nonsynonymous mutations, mostly de novo (present in child but absent in both biological parents), were highly enriched in genes associated with cardiac and seizure disorders relative to controls, and contributed to 9% of deaths. We found significant overtransmission of loss-of-function or pathogenic missense variants in cardiac and seizure disorder genes. Most pathogenic variants were de novo in origin, highlighting the importance of trio studies. Many of these pathogenic de novo mutations altered a protein network regulating calcium-related excitability at submembrane junctions in cardiomyocytes and neurons. Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) is an understudied problem. Whole-exome sequence data from 124 “trios” (decedent child, living parents) was used to test for excessive de novo mutations (DNMs) in genes involved in cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, and other disorders. Among decedents, nonsynonymous DNMs were enriched in genes associated with cardiac and seizure disorders relative to controls (odds ratio = 9.76, P = 2.15 × 10−4). We also found evidence for overtransmission of loss-of-function (LoF) or previously reported pathogenic variants in these same genes from heterozygous carrier parents (11 of 14 transmitted, P = 0.03). We identified a total of 11 SUDC proband genotypes (7 de novo, 1 transmitted parental mosaic, 2 transmitted parental heterozygous, and 1 compound heterozygous) as pathogenic and likely contributory to death, a genetic finding in 8.9% of our cohort. Two genes had recurrent missense DNMs, RYR2 and CACNA1C. Both RYR2 mutations are pathogenic (P = 1.7 × 10−7) and were previously studied in mouse models. Both CACNA1C mutations lie within a 104-nt exon (P = 1.0 × 10−7) and result in slowed L-type calcium channel inactivation and lower current density. In total, six pathogenic DNMs can alter calcium-related regulation of cardiomyocyte and neuronal excitability at a submembrane junction, suggesting a pathway conferring susceptibility to sudden death. There was a trend for excess LoF mutations in LoF intolerant genes, where ≥1 nonhealthy sample in denovo-db has a similar variant (odds ratio = 6.73, P = 0.02); additional uncharacterized genetic causes of sudden death in children might be discovered with larger cohorts.
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Dahawi M, Elmagzoub MS, A. Ahmed E, Baldassari S, Achaz G, Elmugadam FA, Abdelgadir WA, Baulac S, Buratti J, Abdalla O, Gamil S, Alzubeir M, Abubaker R, Noé E, Elsayed L, Ahmed AE, Leguern E. Involvement of ADGRV1 Gene in Familial Forms of Genetic Generalized Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:738272. [PMID: 34744978 PMCID: PMC8567843 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.738272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) including childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and GGE with tonic-clonic seizures alone (GGE-TCS), are common types of epilepsy mostly determined by a polygenic mode of inheritance. Recent studies showed that susceptibility genes for GGE are numerous, and their variants rare, challenging their identification. In this study, we aimed to assess GGE genetic etiology in a Sudanese population. Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on DNA of 40 patients from 20 Sudanese families with GGE searching for candidate susceptibility variants, which were prioritized by CADD software and functional features of the corresponding gene. We assessed their segregation in 138 individuals and performed genotype-phenotype correlations. Results: In a family including three sibs with GGE-TCS, we identified a rare missense variant in ADGRV1 encoding an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor V1, which was already involved in the autosomal recessive Usher type C syndrome. In addition, five other ADGRV1 rare missense variants were identified in four additional families and absent from 119 Sudanese controls. In one of these families, an ADGRV1 variant was found at a homozygous state, in a female more severely affected than her heterozygous brother, suggesting a gene dosage effect. In the five families, GGE phenotype was statistically associated with ADGRV1 variants (0R = 0.9 103). Conclusion: This study highly supports, for the first time, the involvement of ADGRV1 missense variants in familial GGE and that ADGRV1 is a susceptibility gene for CAE/JAE and GGE-TCS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Dahawi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed S. Elmagzoub
- Faculty of Medicine, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Neuroscience Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elhami A. Ahmed
- UNESCO Chair on Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sara Baldassari
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Achaz
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
- SMILE Group, CIRB, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Éco-anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Wasma A. Abdelgadir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Stéphanie Baulac
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Julien Buratti
- Department of Medical Genetics, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Omer Abdalla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sahar Gamil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maha Alzubeir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Neurology, Sudan Medical Council, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rayan Abubaker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eric Noé
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Liena Elsayed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar E. Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Neurology, Sudan Medical Council, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Moloney PB, Cavalleri GL, Delanty N. Epilepsy in the mTORopathies: opportunities for precision medicine. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab222. [PMID: 34632383 PMCID: PMC8495134 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathway serves as a ubiquitous regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. The main cellular activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin cascade funnels through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, which is inhibited by rapamycin, a macrolide compound produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding upstream regulators of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 cause epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders. Tuberous sclerosis complex is a multisystem disorder caused by mutations in mechanistic target of rapamycin regulators TSC1 or TSC2, with prominent neurological manifestations including epilepsy, focal cortical dysplasia and neuropsychiatric disorders. Focal cortical dysplasia type II results from somatic brain mutations in mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway activators MTOR, AKT3, PIK3CA and RHEB and is a major cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. DEPDC5, NPRL2 and NPRL3 code for subunits of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards Rags 1 complex (GATOR1), the principal amino acid-sensing regulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1. Germline pathogenic variants in GATOR1 genes cause non-lesional focal epilepsies and epilepsies associated with malformations of cortical development. Collectively, the mTORopathies are characterized by excessive mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway activation and drug-resistant epilepsy. In the first large-scale precision medicine trial in a genetically mediated epilepsy, everolimus (a synthetic analogue of rapamycin) was effective at reducing seizure frequency in people with tuberous sclerosis complex. Rapamycin reduced seizures in rodent models of DEPDC5-related epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia type II. This review outlines a personalized medicine approach to the management of epilepsies in the mTORopathies. We advocate for early diagnostic sequencing of mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway genes in drug-resistant epilepsy, as identification of a pathogenic variant may point to an occult dysplasia in apparently non-lesional epilepsy or may uncover important prognostic information including, an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in the GATORopathies or favourable epilepsy surgery outcomes in focal cortical dysplasia type II due to somatic brain mutations. Lastly, we discuss the potential therapeutic application of mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors for drug-resistant seizures in GATOR1-related epilepsies and focal cortical dysplasia type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Moloney
- FutureNeuro, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 VN51, Ireland
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- FutureNeuro, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 VN51, Ireland
| | - Norman Delanty
- FutureNeuro, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 VN51, Ireland
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Distinct gene-set burden patterns underlie common generalized and focal epilepsies. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103588. [PMID: 34571366 PMCID: PMC8479647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Analyses of few gene-sets in epilepsy showed a potential to unravel key disease associations. We set out to investigate the burden of ultra-rare variants (URVs) in a comprehensive range of biologically informed gene-sets presumed to be implicated in epileptogenesis. Methods The burden of 12 URV types in 92 gene-sets was compared between cases and controls using whole exome sequencing data from individuals of European descent with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE, n = 1,003), genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE, n = 3,064), or non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE, n = 3,522), collected by the Epi25 Collaborative, compared to 3,962 ancestry-matched controls. Findings Missense URVs in highly constrained regions were enriched in neuron-specific and developmental genes, whereas genes not expressed in brain were not affected. GGE featured a higher burden in gene-sets derived from inhibitory vs. excitatory neurons or associated receptors, whereas the opposite was found for NAFE, and DEE featured a burden in both. Top-ranked susceptibility genes from recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene-sets derived from generalized vs. focal epilepsies revealed specific enrichment patterns of URVs in GGE vs. NAFE. Interpretation Missense URVs affecting highly constrained sites differentially impact genes expressed in inhibitory vs. excitatory pathways in generalized vs. focal epilepsies. The excess of URVs in top-ranked GWAS risk-genes suggests a convergence of rare deleterious and common risk-variants in the pathogenesis of generalized and focal epilepsies. Funding DFG Research Unit FOR-2715 (Germany), FNR (Luxembourg), NHGRI (US), NHLBI (US), DAAD (Germany).
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Kos MZ, Carless MA, Blondell L, Leland MM, Knape KD, Göring HHH, Szabó CÁ. Whole Genome Sequence Data From Captive Baboons Implicate RBFOX1 in Epileptic Seizure Risk. Front Genet 2021; 12:714282. [PMID: 34490042 PMCID: PMC8417722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.714282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the genetic determinants that underlie epilepsy in a captive baboon pedigree and evaluate the potential suitability of this non-human primate model for understanding the genetic etiology of human epilepsy. Archived whole-genome sequence data were analyzed using both a candidate gene approach that targeted variants in baboon homologs of 19 genes (n = 20,881 SNPs) previously implicated in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and a more agnostic approach that examined protein-altering mutations genome-wide as assessed by snpEff (n = 36,169). Measured genotype association tests for baboon cases of epileptic seizure were performed using SOLAR, as well as gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction of top association hits genome-wide (p < 0.01; n = 441 genes). The maximum likelihood estimate of heritability for epileptic seizure in the pedigreed baboon sample is 0.76 (SE = 0.77; p = 0.07). Among candidate genes for GGE, a significant association was detected for an intronic SNP in RBFOX1 (p = 5.92 × 10–6; adjusted p = 0.016). For protein-altering variants, no genome-wide significant results were observed for epilepsy status. However, GSEA revealed significant positive enrichment for genes involved in the extracellular matrix structure (ECM; FDR = 0.0072) and collagen formation (FDR = 0.017), which was reflected in a major PPI network cluster. This preliminary study highlights the potential role of RBFOX1 in the epileptic baboon, a protein involved in transcriptomic regulation of multiple epilepsy candidate genes in humans and itself previously implicated in human epilepsy, both focal and generalized. Moreover, protein-damaging variants from across the genome exhibit a pattern of association that links collagen-containing ECM to epilepsy risk. These findings suggest a shared genetic etiology between baboon and human forms of GGE and lay the foundation for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Z Kos
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lucy Blondell
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - M Michelle Leland
- Laboratory Animal Research, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Koyle D Knape
- Department of Neurology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Charles Ákos Szabó
- Department of Neurology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,South Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Lebedeva IV, Wagner MV, Sahdeo S, Lu YF, Anyanwu-Ofili A, Harms MB, Wadia JS, Rajagopal G, Boland MJ, Goldstein DB. Precision genetic cellular models identify therapies protective against ER stress. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:770. [PMID: 34354042 PMCID: PMC8342410 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rare monogenic disorders often share molecular etiologies involved in the pathogenesis of common diseases. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and deglycosylation (CDDG) are rare pediatric disorders with symptoms that range from mild to life threatening. A biological mechanism shared among CDG and CDDG as well as more common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We developed isogenic human cellular models of two types of CDG and the only known CDDG to discover drugs that can alleviate ER stress. Systematic phenotyping confirmed ER stress and identified elevated autophagy among other phenotypes in each model. We screened 1049 compounds and scored their ability to correct aberrant morphology in each model using an agnostic cell-painting assay based on >300 cellular features. This primary screen identified multiple compounds able to correct morphological phenotypes. Independent validation shows they also correct cellular phenotypes and alleviate each of the ER stress markers identified in each model. Many of the active compounds are associated with microtubule dynamics, which points to new therapeutic opportunities for both rare and more common disorders presenting with ER stress, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Lebedeva
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle V Wagner
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA, USA
- Janssen R&D US, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Sahdeo
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA, USA
- Janssen R&D US, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Harms
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jehangir S Wadia
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA, USA
- Janssen R&D US, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Wolking S, Moreau C, McCormack M, Krause R, Krenn M, Berkovic S, Cavalleri GL, Delanty N, Depondt C, Johnson MR, Koeleman BPC, Kunz WS, Lerche H, Marson AG, O’Brien TJ, Petrovski S, Sander JW, Sills GJ, Striano P, Zara F, Zimprich F, Sisodiya SM, Girard SL, Cossette P. Assessing the role of rare genetic variants in drug-resistant, non-lesional focal epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1376-1387. [PMID: 34018700 PMCID: PMC8283173 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistance to antiseizure medications (ASMs) is one of the major concerns in the treatment of epilepsy. Despite the increasing number of ASMs available, the proportion of individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy remains unchanged. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of rare genetic variants in ASM resistance. METHODS We performed exome sequencing of 1,128 individuals with non-familial non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE) (762 non-responders, 366 responders) and were provided with 1,734 healthy controls. We undertook replication in a cohort of 350 individuals with NAFE (165 non-responders, 185 responders). We performed gene-based and gene-set-based kernel association tests to investigate potential enrichment of rare variants in relation to drug response status and to risk for NAFE. RESULTS We found no gene or gene set that reached genome-wide significance. Yet, we identified several prospective candidate genes - among them DEPDC5, which showed a potential association with resistance to ASMs. We found some evidence for an enrichment of truncating variants in dominant familial NAFE genes in our cohort of non-familial NAFE and in association with drug-resistant NAFE. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies potential candidate genes for ASM resistance. Our results corroborate the role of rare variants for non-familial NAFE and imply their involvement in drug-resistant epilepsy. Future large-scale genetic research studies are needed to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolking
- Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Neurology and EpileptologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Epileptology and NeurologyUniversity of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Claudia Moreau
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé DurableUniversité du Québec à ChicoutimiSaguenayCanada
| | - Mark McCormack
- Molecular and Cellular TherapeuticsRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Martin Krenn
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Samuel Berkovic
- Department of MedicineEpilepsy Research Centre, Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of NeurologyAustin HealthHeidelbergAustralia
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular TherapeuticsRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- FutureNeuro Research CentreScience Foundation IrelandDublinIreland
- Division of Brain SciencesImperial College Faculty of MedicineLondonUK
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular TherapeuticsRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- FutureNeuro Research CentreScience Foundation IrelandDublinIreland
- Division of NeurologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of NeurologyHôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Wolfram S. Kunz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research and Department of EpileptologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Neurology and EpileptologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Anthony G. Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyInstitute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
- Liverpool Health PartnersLiverpoolUK
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Departments of Medicine and NeurologyRoyal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Departments of Neuroscience and NeurologyThe Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and The Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Slave Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Josemir W. Sander
- Department of Clinical and Experimental EpilepsyUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Chalfont Centre for EpilepsyChalfont‐St‐PeterUK
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)HeemstedeNetherlands
| | | | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitIRCCS "G. Gaslini" InstituteGenovaItaly
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child HealthUniversity of GenoaGenovaItaly
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child HealthUniversity of GenoaGenovaItaly
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and NeuroscienceIRCCS "G. Gaslini" InstituteGenovaItaly
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental EpilepsyUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Chalfont Centre for EpilepsyChalfont‐St‐PeterUK
| | - Simon L. Girard
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé DurableUniversité du Québec à ChicoutimiSaguenayCanada
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Carvill GL, Matheny T, Hesselberth J, Demarest S. Haploinsufficiency, Dominant Negative, and Gain-of-Function Mechanisms in Epilepsy: Matching Therapeutic Approach to the Pathophysiology. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1500-1514. [PMID: 34648141 PMCID: PMC8608973 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the monogenic epilepsies and discusses the potential of novel precision therapeutics to treat these disorders. Pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy include recessive (null alleles), haploinsufficiency, imprinting, gain-of-function, and dominant negative effects. Understanding which pathogenic mechanism(s) that underlie each genetic epilepsy is pivotal to design precision therapies that are most likely to be beneficial for the patient. Novel therapeutics discussed include gene therapy, gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides, and protein replacement. Discussions are illustrated and reinforced with examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Carvill
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tyler Matheny
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado, PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay Hesselberth
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado, PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Scott Demarest
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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