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Olaya AMS, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB, Marques SA. Treatment of spinal cord injury with biomaterials and stem cell therapy in non-human primates and humans. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:343-353. [PMID: 38819038 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, which almost always produces permanent physical disability. Thus, in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years, which are not entirely efficient, researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach, seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury. Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and, consequently, boosting functional recovery. Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents, there is increasing recognition of the importance, and need, of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans. This article is a literature review from databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, Cochrane, and NCBI) from 10 years ago to date, using keywords (spinal cord injury, cell therapy, non-human primates, humans, and bioengineering in spinal cord injury). From 110 retrieved articles, after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Thus, this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans, aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Milena Silva Olaya
- PhD Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Adriani Marques
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy (PPGAP/UFRJ), Department of Neurobiology/Institute of Biology, Campus do Gragoatá, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liao S, Chen Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Min J. The phenotypic changes of Schwann cells promote the functional repair of nerve injury. Neuropeptides 2024; 106:102438. [PMID: 38749170 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Functional recovery after nerve injury is a significant challenge due to the complex nature of nerve injury repair and the non-regeneration of neurons. Schwann cells (SCs), play a crucial role in the nerve injury repair process because of their high plasticity, secretion, and migration abilities. Upon nerve injury, SCs undergo a phenotypic change and redifferentiate into a repair phenotype, which helps in healing by recruiting phagocytes, removing myelin fragments, promoting axon regeneration, and facilitating myelin formation. However, the repair phenotype can be unstable, limiting the effectiveness of the repair. Recent research has found that transplantation of SCs can be an effective treatment option, therefore, it is essential to comprehend the phenotypic changes of SCs and clarify the related mechanisms to develop the transplantation therapy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yin Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jun Min
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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Shen R, Lu Y, Cai C, Wang Z, Zhao J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y. Research progress and prospects of benefit-risk assessment methods for umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:196. [PMID: 38956734 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, we have witnessed the development of cell transplantation as a new strategy for repairing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, due to the complexity of the central nervous system (CNS), achieving successful clinical translation remains a significant challenge. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) possess distinct advantages, such as easy collection, lack of ethical concerns, high self-renewal ability, multilineage differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory properties. hUMSCs are promising for regenerating the injured spinal cord to a significant extent. At the same time, for advancing SCI treatment, the appropriate benefit and risk evaluation methods play a pivotal role in determining the clinical applicability of treatment plans. Hence, this study discusses the advantages and risks of hUMSCs in SCI treatment across four dimensions-comprehensive evaluation of motor and sensory function, imaging, electrophysiology, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function-aiming to improve the rationality of relevant clinical research and the feasibility of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaoyang Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Department of Neuro-Oncological Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinian Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncological Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Agarwal G, Shumard S, McCrary MW, Osborne O, Santiago JM, Ausec B, Schmidt CE. Decellularized porcine peripheral nerve based injectable hydrogels as a Schwann cell carrier for injured spinal cord regeneration. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046002. [PMID: 38885674 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To develop a clinically relevant injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine peripheral nerves and with mechanical properties comparable to native central nervous system (CNS) tissue to be used as a delivery vehicle for Schwann cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI).Approach.Porcine peripheral nerves (sciatic and peroneal) were decellularized by chemical decellularization using a sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) method previously developed by our group. The decellularized nerves were delipidated using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent and then digested using pepsin enzyme to form injectable hydrogel formulations. Genipin was used as a crosslinker to enhance mechanical properties. The injectability, mechanical properties, and gelation kinetics of the hydrogels were further analyzed using rheology. Schwann cells encapsulated within the injectable hydrogel formulations were passed through a 25-gauge needle and cell viability was assessed using live/dead staining. The ability of the hydrogel to maintain Schwann cell viability against an inflammatory milieu was assessedin vitrousing inflamed astrocytes co-cultured with Schwann cells.Mainresults. The SDD method effectively removes cells and retains extracellular matrix in decellularized tissues. Using rheological studies, we found that delipidation of decellularized porcine peripheral nerves using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent improves gelation kinetics and mechanical strength of hydrogels. The delipidated and decellularized hydrogels crosslinked using genipin mimicked the mechanical strength of CNS tissue. The hydrogels were found to have shear thinning properties desirable for injectable formulations and they also maintained higher Schwann cell viability during injection compared to saline controls. Usingin vitroco-culture experiments, we found that the genipin-crosslinked hydrogels also protected Schwann cells from astrocyte-mediated inflammation.Significance. Injectable hydrogels developed using delipidated and decellularized porcine peripheral nerves are a potential clinically relevant solution to deliver Schwann cells, and possibly other therapeutic cells, at the SCI site by maintaining higher cellular viability and increasing therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Samantha Shumard
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Olivia Osborne
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jorge Mojica Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Breanna Ausec
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
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Si Y, Hayat MA, Hu J. NSPCs-ES: mechanisms and functional impact on central nervous system diseases. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042011. [PMID: 38916246 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with central neuronal damage may suffer severe consequences, but effective therapies remain unclear. Previous research has established the transplantation of neural stem cells that generate new neurons to replace damaged ones. In a new field of scientific research, the extracellular secretion of NPSCs (NSPCs-ES) has been identified as an alternative to current chemical drugs. Many preclinical studies have shown that NSPCs-ES are effective in models of various central nervous system diseases (CNS) injuries, from maintaining functional structures at the cellular level to providing anti-inflammatory functions at the molecular level, as well as improving memory and motor functions, reducing apoptosis in neurons, and mediating multiple signaling pathways. The NSPC-ES can travel to the damaged tissue and exert a broad range of therapeutic effects by supporting and nourishing damaged neurons. However, gene editing and cell engineering techniques have recently improved therapeutic efficacy by modifying NSPCs-ES. Consequently, future research and application of NSPCs-ES may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of CNS diseases in the future. In this review, we summarize the current progress on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abid Hayat
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Blood Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
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Lin K, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Huang M, Liu X. Hydrogen Sulfide can Scavenge Free Radicals to Improve Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting the p38MAPK/mTOR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:26. [PMID: 38907170 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes irreversible cell loss and neurological dysfunctions. Presently, there is no an effective clinical treatment for SCI. It can be the only intervention measure by relieving the symptoms of patients such as pain and fever. Free radical-induced damage is one of the validated mechanisms in the complex secondary injury following primary SCI. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an antioxidant can effectively scavenge free radicals, protect neurons, and improve SCI by inhibiting the p38MAPK/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway. In this report, we analyze the pathological mechanism of SCI, the role of free radical-mediated the p38MAPK/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway in SCI, and the role of H2S in scavenging free radicals and improving SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyang Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiqin Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Jeon J, Park SH, Choi J, Han SM, Kim HW, Shim SR, Hyun JK. Association between neural stem/progenitor cells and biomaterials in spinal cord injury therapies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00316-7. [PMID: 38871200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with substantial healthcare challenges, frequently resulting in enduring sensory and motor deficits alongside various chronic complications. While advanced regenerative therapies have shown promise in preclinical research, their translation into clinical application has been limited. In response, this study utilized a comprehensive network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation across animal models of SCI. We analyzed 363 outcomes from 55 distinct studies, categorizing the treatments into NSPCs alone (cell only), NSPCs with scaffolds (cell + scaffold), NSPCs with hydrogels (cell + hydrogel), standalone scaffolds (scaffold), standalone hydrogels (hydrogel), and control groups. Our analysis demonstrated significant enhancements in motor recovery, especially in gait function, within the NSPC treatment groups. Notably, the cell only group showed considerable improvements (standardized mean difference [SMD], 2.05; 95 % credible interval [CrI]: 1.08 to 3.10, p < 0.01), as did the cell + scaffold group (SMD, 3.73; 95 % CrI: 2.26 to 5.22, p < 0.001) and the cell + hydrogel group (SMD, 3.37; 95 % CrI: 1.02 to 5.78, p < 0.05) compared to controls. These therapeutic combinations not only reduced lesion cavity size but also enhanced neuronal regeneration, outperforming the cell only treatments. By integrating NSPCs with supportive biomaterials, our findings pave the way for refining these regenerative strategies to optimize their potential in clinical SCI treatment. Although there is no overall violation of consistency, the comparison of effect sizes between individual treatments should be interpreted in light of the inconsistency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents a comprehensive network meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, with and without biomaterials, in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). We demonstrate that NSCs, particularly when combined with biomaterials like scaffolds or hydrogels, significantly enhance motor and histological recovery post-SCI. These findings underscore the potential of NSC-based therapies, augmented with biomaterials, to advance SCI treatment, offering new insights into regenerative strategies that could significantly impact clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooik Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jonghyuk Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Han
- Medical record team, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Wiregene, Co. Ltd., Osong 28160, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang M, Han X, Yan L, Fu Y, Kou H, Shang C, Wang J, Liu H, Jiang C, Wang J, Cheng T. Inflammatory response in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury: The role of XCL1-XCR1 axis and T cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14781. [PMID: 38887195 PMCID: PMC11183917 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are acquired injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by external forces that cause temporary or permanent sensory and motor impairments and the potential for long-term disability or even death. These conditions currently lack effective treatments and impose substantial physical, social, and economic burdens on millions of people and families worldwide. TBI and SCI involve intricate pathological mechanisms, and the inflammatory response contributes significantly to secondary injury in TBI and SCI. It plays a crucial role in prolonging the post-CNS trauma period and becomes a focal point for a potential therapeutic intervention. Previous research on the inflammatory response has traditionally concentrated on glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia. However, increasing evidence highlights the crucial involvement of lymphocytes in the inflammatory response to CNS injury, particularly CD8+ T cells and NK cells, along with their downstream XCL1-XCR1 axis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the role of the XCL1-XCR1 axis and the T-cell response in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI and identify potential targets for therapy. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords related to the XCL1-XCR1 axis, T-cell response, TBI, and SCI. RESULTS This study examines the upstream and downstream pathways involved in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI, including interleukin-15 (IL-15), interleukin-12 (IL-12), CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, XCL1, XCR1+ dendritic cells, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), helper T0 cells (Th0 cells), helper T1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T17 cells (Th17 cells). We describe their proinflammatory effect in TBI and SCI. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the XCL1-XCR1 axis and the T-cell response have great potential for preclinical investigations and treatments for TBI and SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Liyan Yan
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yikun Fu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of NeurologyPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Shen T, Zhang W, Lan R, Wang Z, Qin J, Chen J, Wang J, Wu Z, Shen Y, Lin Q, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wei Y, Liu Y, Ning Y, Deng H, Cao Z, Ren X. Developing preclinical dog models for reconstructive severed spinal cord continuity via spinal cord fusion technique. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:560-566. [PMID: 38764541 PMCID: PMC11099315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe impairment of the central nervous system, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The present study investigates the efficacy of the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated spinal cord fusion (SCF) techniques, demonstrating efficacious in various animal models with complete spinal cord transection at the T10 level. This research focuses on a comparative analysis of three SCF treatment models in beagles: spinal cord transection (SCT), vascular pedicle hemisected spinal cord transplantation (vSCT), and vascularized allograft spinal cord transplantation (vASCT) surgical model. Methods Seven female beagles were included in the SCT surgical model, while four female dogs were enrolled in the vSCT surgical model. Additionally, twelve female dogs underwent vASCT in a paired donor-recipient setup. Three surgical model were evaluated and compared through electrophysiology, imaging and behavioral recovery. Results The results showed a progressive recovery in the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models, with no statistically significant differences observed in cBBB scores at both 2-month and 6-month post-operation (both P>0.05). Neuroimaging analysis across the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models revealed spinal cord graft survival and fiber regrowth across transection sites at 6 months postoperatively. Also, positive MEP waveforms were recorded in all three surgical models at 6-month post-surgery. Conclusion The study underscores the clinical relevance of PEG-mediated SCF techniques in promoting nerve fusion, repair, and motor functional recovery in SCI. SCT, vSCT, and vASCT, tailored to specific clinical characteristics, demonstrated similar effective therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Rongyu Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
- Department of Medicine School, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhuotan Wu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Qikai Lin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Yudong Xu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Yi Wei
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Yuance Ning
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haixuan Deng
- Department of Imaging, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
| | - Zhenbin Cao
- Department of Imaging, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
| | - Xiaoping Ren
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
- Global Initiative to Cure Paralysis (GICUP Alliance), Columbus, OH 43221, United States
- Department of Medicine School, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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10
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Zhu S, Ma H, Hou M, Li H, Ning G. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes Induced Axon Growth after Spinal Cord Injury by Decreasing PTP-σ Activation on CSPGs via the Rho/ROCK Pathway. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04166-0. [PMID: 38819695 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition that involves a lengthy pathological process. This process leads to the upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) by reactive glia, which impedes repair and regeneration in the spinal cord. The role of the CSPG-specific receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma (PTP-σ) in post-SCI remains largely unexplored. Exosomes have great potential in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of SCI due to their ability to easily cross the blood‒brain barrier. Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SCDEs) promote functional recovery in mice post-SCI by decreasing CSPG deposition. However, the mechanism by which SCDEs decrease CSPGs after SCI remains unknown. Herein, we observed elevated levels of PTP-σ and increased CSPG deposition during glial scar formation after SCI in vivo. After SCDEs were injected into SCI mice, CSPG deposition decreased in scar tissue at the injury site, the expression of PTP-σ increased during axonal growth around the injury site, and motor function subsequently recovered. Additionally, we demonstrated that the use of both Rho/ROCK inhibitors and SCDEs inhibited the reparative effects of SCDEs on scar tissue after SCI. In conclusion, our study revealed that treatment with SCDEs targeting the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway reduced PTP-σ activation in the CSPG post-SCI, which inhibited scar tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Witkin JM, Radin DP, Rana S, Fuller DD, Fusco AF, Demers JC, Pradeep Thakre P, Smith JL, Lippa A, Cerne R. AMPA receptors play an important role in the biological consequences of spinal cord injury: Implications for AMPA receptor modulators for therapeutic benefit. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116302. [PMID: 38763261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) afflicts millions of individuals globally. There are few therapies available to patients. Ascending and descending excitatory glutamatergic neural circuits in the central nervous system are disrupted by SCI, making α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) a potential therapeutic drug target. Emerging research in preclinical models highlights the involvement of AMPARs in vital processes following SCI including breathing, pain, inflammation, bladder control, and motor function. However, there are no clinical trial data reported in this patient population to date. No work on the role of AMPA receptors in sexual dysfunction after SCI has been disclosed. Compounds with selective antagonist and potentiating effects on AMPA receptors have benefit in animal models of SCI, with antagonists generally showing protective effects early after injury and potentiators (ampakines) producing improved breathing and bladder function. The role of AMPARs in pathophysiology and recovery after SCI depends upon the time post injury, and the timing of AMPAR augmentation or antagonism. The roles of inflammation, synaptic plasticity, sensitization, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotection are considered in this context. The data summarized and discussed in this paper document proof of principle and strongly encourage additional studies on AMPARs as novel gateways to therapeutic benefit for patients suffering from SCI. The availability of both AMPAR antagonists such as perampanel and AMPAR allosteric modulators (i.e., ampakines) such as CX1739, that have been safely administered to humans, provides an expedited means of clinical inquiry for possible therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Sabhya Rana
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna F Fusco
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie C Demers
- Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Prajwal Pradeep Thakre
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arnold Lippa
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA
| | - Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Feng J, Zebaze Dongmo S, Zhang Q, Huang S, Liu X, Zhang G, Chen L. Neural Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: key Players in Ischemic Stroke Therapy - A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4279-4295. [PMID: 38766658 PMCID: PMC11102074 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s451642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, being a prominent contributor to global disability and mortality, lacks an efficacious therapeutic approach in current clinical settings. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a type of stem cell that are only found inside the nervous system. These cells can differentiate into various kinds of cells, potentially regenerating or restoring neural networks within areas of the brain that have been destroyed. This review begins by providing an introduction to the existing therapeutic approaches for ischemic stroke, followed by an examination of the promise and limits associated with the utilization of NSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on the underlying processes of neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs) transplantation therapy in the context of ischemic stroke. These mechanisms encompass neuroprotection, inflammatory response suppression, and endogenous nerve and vascular regeneration facilitation. Nevertheless, the clinical translation of NSC-sEVs is hindered by challenges such as inadequate targeting efficacy and insufficient content loading. In light of these limitations, we have compiled an overview of the advancements in utilizing modified NSC-sEVs for treating ischemic stroke based on current methods of extracellular vesicle modification. In conclusion, examining NSC-sEVs-based therapeutic approaches is anticipated to be prominent in both fundamental and applied investigations about ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sonia Zebaze Dongmo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songze Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Xiong M, Feng Y, Luo C, Guo J, Zeng J, Deng L, Xiao Q. Teriparatide: an innovative and promising strategy for protecting the blood-spinal cord barrier following spinal cord injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1386565. [PMID: 38770002 PMCID: PMC11103009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1386565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is disrupted within minutes of spinal cord injury, leading to increased permeability and secondary spinal cord injury, resulting in more severe neurological damage. The preservation of blood-spinal cord barrier following spinal cord injury plays a crucial role in determining the prognosis. Teriparatide, widely used in clinical treatment for osteoporosis and promoting fracture healing, has been found in our previous study to have the effect of inhibiting the expression of MMP9 and alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic stroke, thereby improving neurological damage symptoms. However, there are limited research on whether it has the potential to improve the prognosis of spinal cord injury. This article summarizes the main pathological mechanisms of blood-spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury and its relationship with Teriparatide, and explores the therapeutic potential of Teriparatide in improving the prognosis of spinal cord injury by reducing blood-spinal cord barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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14
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Wang Z, Li J, Xu T, Guo B, Xie Z, Li M. The Efficacy of Different Material Scaffold-Guided Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:43. [PMID: 38703332 PMCID: PMC11069479 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising treatment option for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is no consensus on the choice of carrier scaffolds to host the cells. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different material scaffold-mediated cell transplantation in treating SCI in rats. According to PRISMA's principle, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched, and relevant literature was referenced. Only original research on cell transplantation plus natural or synthetic scaffolds in SCI rats was included. Direct and indirect evidence for improving hind limb motor function was pooled through meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis of some factors that may affect the therapeutic effect was conducted to understand the results fully. In total, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, in which 293 rats received sham surgery, 78 rats received synthetic material scaffolds, and 219 rats received natural materials scaffolds. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that although synthetic scaffolds were slightly inferior to natural scaffolds in terms of restoring motor function in cell transplantation of SCI rats, no statistical differences were observed between the two (MD: -0.35; 95% CI -2.6 to 1.9). Moreover, the subgroup analysis revealed that the type and number of cells may be important factors in therapeutic efficacy (P < 0.01). Natural scaffolds and synthetic scaffolds are equally effective in cell transplantation of SCI rats without significant differences. In the future, the findings need to be validated in multicenter, large-scale, randomized controlled trials in clinical practice. Trial registration: Registration ID CRD42024459674 (PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, No.460, BaYi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, No.460, BaYi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Boyu Guo
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, No.460, BaYi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, No.152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Jiangxi Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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15
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Song P, Han T, Wu Z, Fang H, Liu Y, Ying W, Wang X, Shen C. Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells Loaded in an IGF-1 Bioactive Supramolecular Nanofiber Hydrogel for the Effective Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306577. [PMID: 38441409 PMCID: PMC11077690 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to massive cell death, disruption, and demyelination of axons, resulting in permanent motor and sensory dysfunctions. Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy for SCI. However, owing to the poor microenvironment that develops following SCI, the bioactivities of these grafted stem cells are limited. Cell implantation combined with biomaterial therapies is widely studied for the development of tissue engineering technology. Herein, an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-bioactive supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel (IGF-1 gel) is synthesized that can activate IGF-1 downstream signaling, prevent the apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs), improve their proliferation, and induce their differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, implantation of NSCs carried out with IGF-1 gels promotes neurite outgrowth and myelin sheath regeneration at lesion sites following SCI. In addition, IGF-1 gels can enrich extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from NSCs or from nerve cells differentiated from these NSCs via miRNAs related to axonal regeneration and remyelination, even in an inflammatory environment. These EVs are taken up by autologous endogenous NSCs and regulate their differentiation. This study provides adequate evidence that combined treatment with NSCs and IGF-1 gels is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery)Laboratory of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration and RepairThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Anhui Province Research Center for the Clinical Application of Medical TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery)Laboratory of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration and RepairThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Anhui Province Research Center for the Clinical Application of Medical TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Zuomeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery)Laboratory of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration and RepairThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Anhui Province Research Center for the Clinical Application of Medical TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery)The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefei230032China
| | - Yunlei Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Medical ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringResearch and Engineering Center of Biomedical MaterialsAnhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032P. R. China
| | - Cailiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery)Laboratory of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration and RepairThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Anhui Province Research Center for the Clinical Application of Medical TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
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16
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Ozcicek I, Aysit N, Balcikanli Z, Ayturk NU, Aydeger A, Baydas G, Aydin MS, Altintas E, Erim UC. Development of BDNF/NGF/IKVAV Peptide Modified and Gold Nanoparticle Conductive PCL/PLGA Nerve Guidance Conduit for Regeneration of the Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300453. [PMID: 38224015 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are very common worldwide, leading to permanent nerve function loss with devastating effects in the affected patients. The challenges and inadequate results in the current clinical treatments are leading scientists to innovative neural regenerative research. Advances in nanoscience and neural tissue engineering have opened new avenues for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In order for designed nerve guidance conduit (NGC) to be functionally useful, it must have ideal scaffold properties and topographic features that promote the linear orientation of damaged axons. In this study, it is aimed to develop channeled polycaprolactone (PCL)/Poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) hybrid film scaffolds, modify their surfaces by IKVAV pentapeptide/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or polypyrrole (PPy) and investigate the behavior of motor neurons on the designed scaffold surfaces in vitro under static/bioreactor conditions. Their potential to promote neural regeneration after implantation into the rat SCI by shaping the film scaffolds modified with neural factors into a tubular form is also examined. It is shown that channeled groups decorated with AuNPs highly promote neurite orientation under bioreactor conditions and also the developed optimal NGC (PCL/PLGA G1-IKVAV/BDNF/NGF-AuNP50) highly regenerates SCI. The results indicate that the designed scaffold can be an ideal candidate for spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ozcicek
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Nese Aysit
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Balcikanli
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Ulas Ayturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey
| | - Asel Aydeger
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Gulsena Baydas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Esra Altintas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Umit Can Erim
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
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17
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Zhang X, Li H, Tang L, Zhu B, Yang W, Li M, Zhao Y. Photobiomodulation therapy enhances neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:646-655. [PMID: 37815161 DOI: 10.1111/php.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is the application of a low-level laser device to generate physiological changes and provide therapeutic effects. Till now, the effects of PBMT on the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells have been rarely reported. Herein, the potential effect and mechanism of PBMT on the neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were preliminarily investigated in our research. The optimal dose of 3.75 J/cm2 was first screened for use in the following neural-inducing studies. Then, DPSCs were cultured in neural induction medium and treated with laser irradiation for 7 days. From the results of morphology and immunofluorescence, we found that irradiation promoted the formation of neural stem cell-like spheroids derived from DPSCs and enhanced potential neural differentiation. Furthermore, neural differentiation gene expressions of Nestin, microtubule-associated protein-2, and neural cell adhesion molecule were increased after PBMT irradiation. The protein expressions of class III β-tubulin and neurogenic differentiation factor 1 were also improved. Meanwhile, the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was investigated by western blot. Our study showed that the neural differentiation of DPSCs was promoted by PBMT, and the underlying mechanism in this process was associated with activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Fu J, Li W, Mao T, Chen Z, Lai L, Lin J, Nie Z, Sun Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Li X. The potential therapeutic roles of dental pulp stem cells in spinal cord injury. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1363838. [PMID: 38741719 PMCID: PMC11089131 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1363838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to serious functional disorders, which have serious impacts on patients and society. The current traditional treatments of SCI are not effective the injured spinal cord is difficult to repair and regenerate. In recent years, stem cell transplantation for the treatment of SCI has been a hot research topic. Dental pulp stem cells have strong abilities of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and have been applied for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. And dental pulp stem cells have certain advantages in neuro-regenetation, bringing new hope to biotherapy for SCI. This article reviews the characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their research progress in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengfei Mao
- Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Zaipeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunkai Sun
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Yanqin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Xigong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Gao J, Chen S, Lin S, Mei X. Prussian blue analogues improves the microenvironment after spinal cord injury by regulating Zn. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111868. [PMID: 38493692 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury, neuronal apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of macrophages are the main mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Based on the Prussian blue nanomase's strong ability to clear free radicals, the treatment of spinal cord injury with nano-zirconium (Pb-Zr) was carried out. The disease treatment strategy based on nanomaterials has excellent therapeutic effect, and Prussian blue analogs have good therapeutic properties, so the application prospects of Prussian blue analogs is broad. From the point of view of Prussian blue content, improving the presence of zirconium in the microenvironment significantly increased the activity of Prussian blue. Prussian Blue zirconium significantly improved lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN-γ) induced neuronal cell (pc12 cells) and macrophage dysfunction by improving oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the microenvironment. It can promote the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. In vivo experiments, it shows that Prussian blue zirconium can improve inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of spinal cord tissue, promote regenerative therapy after spinal cord injury, and improve motor function. Moreover, it has been reported that high-priced Zr4+ cations can regulate the deposition and nucleation behavior of Zn2+ in high-performance zinc metal anodes. Therefore, we propose the hypothesis that Pb-Zr modulates Zn2+ be used to promote recovery from spinal cord injury. The results show that nanomaterial is beneficial in the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study provides a good prospect for the application of spinal cord injury treatment. It also provides an important feasibility for subsequent clinical conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China
| | - ShuRui Chen
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research, Station School of Medicine, Jinan Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China.
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China.
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20
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Zhang B, Wang W, Gao P, Li X, Chen L, Lin Z, Chen H, Liang W, Kong Z, Lin D, Wu X, Zhang T. Injectable, Electroconductive, Free Radical Scavenging Silk Fibroin/Black Phosphorus/Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Enhancing Spinal Cord Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304300. [PMID: 38589053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to a severe permanent disability. A poor inflammatory microenvironment and nerve electric signal conduction block are the main reasons for difficulty in spinal cord nerve regeneration. In this study, black phosphorus (BP) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) are integrated into methacrylate-modified silk fibroin (SF) to construct a bifunctional injectable hydrogel (SF/BP/GA) with appropriate conductivity and the ability to inhibit inflammation to promote neuronal regeneration after SCI. This work discovers that the SF/BP/GA hydrogel can reduce the oxidative damage mediated by oxygen free radicals, promote the polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, and improve the inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, it induces neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and neurosphere formation, restores signal conduction at the SCI site in vivo, and ameliorates motor function in mice with spinal cord hemisection, revealing a significant neural repair effect. An injectable, electroconductive, free-radical-scavenging hydrogel is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Zhang
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenhao Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiyuan Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaona Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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21
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Li C, Qin T, Zhao J, Jin Y, Qin Y, He R, Wu T, Duan C, Jiang L, Yuan F, Lu H, Cao Y, Hu J. Kdm6a-CNN1 axis orchestrates epigenetic control of trauma-induced spinal cord microvascular endothelial cell senescence to balance neuroinflammation for improved neurological repair. Bone Res 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38528029 PMCID: PMC10963366 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence assumes pivotal roles in various diseases through the secretion of proinflammatory factors. Despite extensive investigations into vascular senescence associated with aging and degenerative diseases, the molecular mechanisms governing microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by traumatic stress, particularly its involvement in senescence-induced inflammation, remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we present a comprehensive demonstration and characterization of microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). Lysine demethylase 6A (Kdm6a), commonly known as UTX, emerges as a crucial regulator of cell senescence in injured spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs). Upregulation of UTX induces senescence in SCMECs, leading to an amplified release of proinflammatory factors, specifically the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components, thereby modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Conversely, the deletion of UTX in endothelial cells shields SCMECs against senescence, mitigates the release of proinflammatory SASP factors, and promotes neurological functional recovery after SCI. UTX forms an epigenetic regulatory axis by binding to calponin 1 (CNN1), orchestrating trauma-induced SCMECs senescence and SASP secretion, thereby influencing neuroinflammation and neurological functional repair. Furthermore, local delivery of a senolytic drug reduces senescent SCMECs and suppresses proinflammatory SASP secretion, reinstating a local regenerative microenvironment and enhancing functional repair after SCI. In conclusion, targeting the UTX-CNN1 epigenetic axis to prevent trauma-induced SCMECs senescence holds the potential to inhibit SASP secretion, alleviate neuroinflammation, and provide a novel treatment strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rundong He
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
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22
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Nie X, Yuan T, Yu T, Yun Z, Yu T, Liu Q. Non-stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel therapeutics for neurotrauma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:108. [PMID: 38475766 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrauma, encompassing traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) impacts a significant portion of the global population. While spontaneous recovery post-TBI or SCI is possible, recent advancements in cell-based therapies aim to bolster these natural reparative mechanisms. Emerging research indicates that the beneficial outcomes of such therapies might be largely mediated by exosomes secreted from the administered cells. While stem cells have garnered much attention, exosomes derived from non-stem cells, including neurons, Schwann cells, microglia, and vascular endothelial cells, have shown notable therapeutic potential. These exosomes contribute to angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and axon remodeling, and display anti-inflammatory properties, marking them as promising agents for neurorestorative treatments. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the current methodologies, challenges, and future directions regarding the therapeutic role of non-stem cell-derived exosomes in neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihe Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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23
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Du X, Kong D, Guo R, Liu B, He J, Zhang J, Amponsah AE, Cui H, Ma J. Combined transplantation of hiPSC-NSC and hMSC ameliorated neuroinflammation and promoted neuroregeneration in acute spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:67. [PMID: 38444003 PMCID: PMC10916262 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical condition that has pathological changes such as increased neuroinflammation and nerve tissue damage, which eventually manifests as fibrosis of the injured segment and the development of a spinal cord cavity leading to loss of function. Cell-based therapy, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) are promising treatment strategies for spinal cord injury via immunological regulation and neural replacement respectively. However, therapeutic efficacy is rare reported on combined transplantation of MSC and NSC in acute mice spinal cord injury even the potential reinforcement might be foreseen. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of co-transplanting of MSC and NSC sheets into an SCI mice model on the locomotor function and pathological changes of injured spinal cord. METHODS To evaluate the therapeutic effects of combination cells, acute SCI mice model were established and combined transplantation of hiPSC-NSCs and hMSCs into the lesion site immediately after the injury. Basso mouse scale was used to perform the open-field tests of hind limb motor function at days post-operation (dpo) 1, 3, 5, and 7 after SCI and every week after surgery. Spinal cord and serum samples were collected at dpo 7, 14, and 28 to detect inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, masson staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the morphological changes, fibrosis area and ultrastructure of the spinal cord. RESULT M&N transplantation reduced fibrosis formation and the inflammation level while promoting the secretion of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We observed significant reduction in damaged tissue and cavity area, with dramatic improvement in the M&N group. Compared with the Con group, the M&N group exhibited significantly improved behaviors, particularly limb coordination. CONCLUSION Combined transplantation of hiPSC-NSC and hMSC could significantly ameliorate neuroinflammation, promote neuroregeneration, and decrease spinal fibrosis degree in safe and effective pattern, which would be indicated as a novel potential cell treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Du
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ruiyun Guo
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Boxin Liu
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Asiamah Ernest Amponsah
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Huixian Cui
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Human Anatomy Department, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Human Anatomy Department, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
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Yang Y, Fan R, Li H, Chen H, Gong H, Guo G. Polysaccharides as a promising platform for the treatment of spinal cord injury: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121672. [PMID: 38171685 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is incurable and often results in irreversible damage to motor function and autonomic sensory abilities. To enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic substances such as cells, growth factors, drugs, and nucleic acids for treating spinal cord injuries, as well as to reduce the toxic side effects of chemical reagents, polysaccharides have been gained attention due to their immunomodulatory properties and the biocompatibility and biodegradability of polysaccharide scaffolds. Polysaccharides hold potential as drug delivery systems in treating spinal cord injuries. This article aims to present an extensive evaluation of the potential applications of polysaccharide materials in scaffold construction, drug delivery, and immunomodulation over the past five years so that offering new directions and opportunities for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Xu ZX, Xu D, Fang F, Fan YJ, Wu B, Chen YF, Huang HE, Huang XH, Zhuang YH, Xu WH. Enhanced axon outgrowth of spinal motor neurons in co-culturing with dorsal root ganglions antagonizes the growth inhibitory environment. Regen Ther 2024; 25:68-76. [PMID: 38148872 PMCID: PMC10750115 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Forming a bridge made of functional axons to span the lesion is essential to reconstruct the motor circuitry following spinal cord injury (SCI). Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons are robust in axon growth and have been proved to facilitate the growth of cortical neurons in a process of axon-facilitated axon regeneration. However, whether DRG transplantation affects the axon outgrowth of spinal motor neurons (SMNs) that play crucial roles in motor circuitry remains unclear. Methods We investigated the axonal growth patterns of co-cultured DRGs and SMN aggregates (SMNAs) taking advantage of a well-designed 3D-printed in vitro system. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) induced inhibitory matrix was introduced to imitate the inhibitory environment following SCI. Axonal lengths of DRG, SMNA or DRG & SMNA cultured on the permissive or CSPG induced inhibitory matrix were measured and compared. Results Our results indicated that under the guidance of full axonal connection generated from two opposing populations of DRGs, SMNA axons were growth-enhanced and elongated along the DRG axon bridge to distances that they could not otherwise reach. Quantitatively, the co-culture increased the SMNA axonal length by 32.1 %. Moreover, the CSPG matrix reduced the axonal length of DRGs and SMNAs by 46.2 % and 17.7 %, respectively. This inhibitory effect was antagonized by the co-culture of DRGs and SMNAs. Especially for SMNAs, they extended the axons across the CSPG-coating matrix, reached the lengths close to those of SMNAs cultured on the permissive matrix alone. Conclusions This study deepens our understanding of axon-facilitated reconstruction of the motor circuitry. Moreover, the results support SCI treatment utilizing the enhanced outgrowth of axons to restore functional connectivity in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xing Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying-Juan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bing Wu
- The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hao-En Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Hao Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yue-Hong Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Hong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Doulames VM, Marquardt LM, Hefferon ME, Baugh NJ, Suhar RA, Wang AT, Dubbin KR, Weimann JM, Palmer TD, Plant GW, Heilshorn SC. Custom-engineered hydrogels for delivery of human iPSC-derived neurons into the injured cervical spinal cord. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122400. [PMID: 38134472 PMCID: PMC10846596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cervical damage is the most prevalent type of spinal cord injury clinically, although few preclinical research studies focus on this anatomical region of injury. Here we present a combinatorial therapy composed of a custom-engineered, injectable hydrogel and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived deep cortical neurons. The biomimetic hydrogel has a modular design that includes a protein-engineered component to allow customization of the cell-adhesive peptide sequence and a synthetic polymer component to allow customization of the gel mechanical properties. In vitro studies with encapsulated iPSC-neurons were used to select a bespoke hydrogel formulation that maintains cell viability and promotes neurite extension. Following injection into the injured cervical spinal cord in a rat contusion model, the hydrogel biodegraded over six weeks without causing any adverse reaction. Compared to cell delivery using saline, the hydrogel significantly improved the reproducibility of cell transplantation and integration into the host tissue. Across three metrics of animal behavior, this combinatorial therapy significantly improved sensorimotor function by six weeks post transplantation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that design of a combinatorial therapy that includes a gel customized for a specific fate-restricted cell type can induce regeneration in the injured cervical spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Doulames
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - L M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M E Hefferon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - N J Baugh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - R A Suhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - A T Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - K R Dubbin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - J M Weimann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - T D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - G W Plant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - S C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Shang WY, Ren YF, Li B, Huang XM, Zhang ZL, Huang J. Efficacy of growth factor gene-modified stem cells for motor function after spinal cord injury in rodents: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:87. [PMID: 38369598 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of growth factor gene-modified stem cells in treating spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of growth factor gene-modified stem cells in restoring motor function after SCI. Two reviewers searched four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, to identify relevant records. Studies on rodents assessing the efficacy of transplanting growth factor gene-modified stem cells in restoring motor function after SCI were included. The results were reported using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Analyses showed that growth factor gene-modified stem cell transplantation improved motor function recovery in rodents with SCI compared to the untreated (SMD = 3.98, 95% CI 3.26-4.70, I2 = 86.8%, P < 0.0001) and stem cell (SMD = 2.53, 95% CI 1.93-3.13, I2 = 86.9%, P < 0.0001) groups. Using growth factor gene-modified neural stem/histone cells enhanced treatment efficacy. In addition, the effectiveness increased when viral vectors were employed for gene modification and high transplantation doses were administered during the subacute phase. Stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord exhibited an advantage in motor function recovery. However, the transplantation of growth factor gene-modified stem cells did not significantly improve motor function in male rodents (P = 0.136). Transplantation of growth factor gene-modified stem cells improved motor function in rodents after SCI, but claims of enhanced efficacy should be approached with caution. The safety of gene modification remains a significant concern, requiring additional efforts to enhance its clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Shang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Feng Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Zhi-Lan Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu R, Peng B, Yuan J, Hu J, Yang J, Shan N, Li Q, Zhao B, Xu C, Wang Y. Research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2018-2023. Front Genet 2024; 15:1327216. [PMID: 38380424 PMCID: PMC10877028 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1327216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury to gain an intuitive understanding of how the field is progressing, discover topics of interest, and determine what development trends are emerging in this field. Background: Spinal cord injury and its complications often cause an enormous economic burden, and postinjury repair and treatment have always been challenging in clinical and scientific research. Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury can prevent immune rejection and induce the release of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to reduce the production of stress-related proteins, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Methods: We analyzed the number and quality of publications in the field of stem cell therapy in spinal cord injury between 2018.01.01 and 2023.06.30 in the core collection database of Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to sort and summarize these studies by country, institution, authors' publications, and collaborative networks. In addition, the research topics of interest were identified and summarized. Results: This study ultimately included 2,150 valid papers, with the number of publications showing a gradual upward trend. The country, institution, author and journal with the greatest number of publications and citations are China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dai JW, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, respectively. The top three high-frequency keyword clusters were hereditary paraplegia, reactive astrocytes and tissue engineering. Conclusion: With the help of visual analysis, we identified general trends and research topics of interest in the field of spinal cord injury over the last 5 years. Our findings suggest that stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury and exosome therapy may be a focus of future research. This study provides a foundation for future research on stem cell therapy as well as clinical efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nan Shan
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qichao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Ertlen C, Seblani M, Bonnet M, Brezun JM, Coyle T, Sabatier F, Fuentes S, Decherchi P, Serratrice N, Marqueste T. Efficacy of the immediate adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction autograft on functional sensorimotor recovery after spinal cord contusion in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:29. [PMID: 38303017 PMCID: PMC10835949 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to functional alteration with important consequences such as motor and sensory disorders. The repair strategies developed to date remain ineffective. The adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is composed of a cocktail of cells with trophic, pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects. Numerous therapeutic benefits were shown for tissue reconstitution, peripheral neuropathy and for the improvement of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of SVF on sensorimotor recovery after an acute thoracic spinal cord contusion in adult rats was determined. METHOD Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 45) were divided into 3 groups: SHAM (without SCI and treatment), NaCl (animals with a spinal lesion and receiving a saline injection through the dura mater) and SVF (animals with a spinal lesion and receiving a fraction of fat removed from adipocytes through the dura mater). Some animals were sacrificed 14 days after the start of the experiment to determine the inflammatory reaction by measuring the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the lesion area. Other animals were followed once a week for 12 weeks to assess functional recovery (postural and locomotor activities, sensorimotor coordination). At the end of this period, spinal reflexivity (rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex) and physiological adjustments (ventilatory response to metabosensitive muscle activation following muscle fatigue) were measured with electrophysiological tools. RESULTS Compared to non-treated animals, results indicated that the SVF reduced the endogenous inflammation and increased the behavioral recovery in treated animals. Moreover, H-reflex depression and ventilatory adjustments to muscle fatigue were found to be comparable between SHAM and SVF groups. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the effectiveness of SVF and its high therapeutic potential to improve sensorimotor functions and to restore the segmental sensorimotor loop and the communication between supra- and sub-lesional spinal cord regions after traumatic contusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ertlen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Mostafa Seblani
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Maxime Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), INSERM 1409 Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies, Unité de Culture Et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital de La Conception, 147, Boulevard Baille, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Fuentes
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de La Timone, 264, Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| | - Nicolas Serratrice
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de La Timone, 264, Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Liao M, Cui Q, Hu Y, Xing J, Wu D, Zheng S, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Sun J, Chai R. Recent advances in the application of MXenes for neural tissue engineering and regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:258-263. [PMID: 37488875 PMCID: PMC10503607 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are crystal nanomaterials with a number of surface functional groups such as fluorine, hydroxyl, and oxygen, which can be used as carriers for proteins and drugs. MXenes have excellent biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, surface hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and easy surface modification. However, at present, the stability of most MXenes needs to be improved, and more synthesis methods need to be explored. MXenes are good substrates for nerve cell regeneration and nerve reconstruction, which have broad application prospects in the repair of nervous system injury. Regarding the application of MXenes in neuroscience, mainly at the cellular level, the long-term in vivo biosafety and effects also need to be further explored. This review focuses on the progress of using MXenes in nerve regeneration over the last few years; discussing preparation of MXenes and their biocompatibility with different cells as well as the regulation by MXenes of nerve cell regeneration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments in vitro. MXenes have great potential in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of nerve cells and in promoting regeneration and recovery after nerve injury. In addition, this review also presents the main challenges during optimization processes, such as the preparation of stable MXenes and long-term in vivo biosafety, and further discusses future directions in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingyue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Danqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingwu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang T, Huang G, Yi Z, Dai S, Zhuang W, Guo S. Advances in extracellular vesicle-based combination therapies for spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:369-374. [PMID: 37488892 PMCID: PMC10503620 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe insult to the central nervous system that causes persisting neurological deficits. The currently available treatments involve surgical, medical, and rehabilitative strategies. However, none of these techniques can markedly reverse neurological deficits. Recently, extracellular vesicles from various cell sources have been applied to different models of spinal cord injury, thereby generating new cell-free therapies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, the use of extracellular vesicles alone is still associated with some notable shortcomings, such as their uncertainty in targeting damaged spinal cord tissues and inability to provide structural support to damaged axons. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest combined strategies for the use of extracellular vesicle-based technology for spinal cord injury, including the combination of extracellular vesicles with nanoparticles, exogenous drugs and/or biological scaffold materials, which facilitate the targeting ability of extracellular vesicles and the combinatorial effects with extracellular vesicles. We also highlight issues relating to the clinical transformation of these extracellular vesicle-based combination strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guohao Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sihan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiduan Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaowei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang J, Zhang X, Chen H, Ren H, Zhou M, Zhao Y. Engineered stem cells by emerging biomedical stratagems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:248-279. [PMID: 38101962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds immense potential as a viable treatment for a widespread range of intractable disorders. As the safety of stem cell transplantation having been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials, various kinds of stem cells are currently utilized in medical applications. Despite the achievements, the therapeutic benefits of stem cells for diseases are limited, and the data of clinical researches are unstable. To optimize tthe effectiveness of stem cells, engineering approaches have been developed to enhance their inherent abilities and impart them with new functionalities, paving the way for the next generation of stem cell therapies. This review offers a detailed analysis of engineered stem cells, including their clinical applications and potential for future development. We begin by briefly introducing the recent advances in the production of stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)). Furthermore, we present the latest developments of engineered strategies in stem cells, including engineered methods in molecular biology and biomaterial fields, and their application in biomedical research. Finally, we summarize the current obstacles and suggest future prospects for engineered stem cells in clinical translations and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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Chen T, Zhu J, Wang G, Sun J, Ma X, Tian L, Zhang M, Wang F, Yu Z. The global state of research in stem cells therapy for spinal cord injury (2003-2022): a visualized analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1323383. [PMID: 38327844 PMCID: PMC10847251 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1323383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study aimed to visualize the global status and frontiers in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury by using bibliometric methodology. Methods Publication citation information related to stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) studies between 2003 and 2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. For the visualized study, VOS viewer software and Graph Pad Prism 9.5 were used to perform bibliometric analysis of included data and publication number statistics in stem cell therapy for the SCI domain. Results A total of 6,686 publications were retrieved. The USA and China made the highest contributions to global research with the highest number of citations and link strength. The journal Experimental Neurology ranks as the top journal, combining the publication amount and bibliometrics results. The University of Toronto, based in Canada, was the first-ranking institution. The directions of the current study could be divided into five clusters. The research of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine and Neurosciences Mechanism Research may be the emerging frontiers in this domain. Conclusion In summary, stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries is poised for more valuable advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jinlei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Lijun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, 981st Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 981st Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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Bonnet M, Ertlen C, Seblani M, Brezun JM, Coyle T, Cereda C, Zuccotti G, Colli M, Desouches C, Decherchi P, Carelli S, Marqueste T. Activated Human Adipose Tissue Transplantation Promotes Sensorimotor Recovery after Acute Spinal Cord Contusion in Rats. Cells 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38247873 PMCID: PMC10814727 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in sensory, motor, and vegetative function loss below the injury site. Although preclinical results have been promising, significant solutions for SCI patients have not been achieved through translating repair strategies to clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effective potential of mechanically activated lipoaspirated adipose tissue when transplanted into the epicenter of a thoracic spinal contusion. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: SHAM (uninjured and untreated), NaCl (spinal cord contusion with NaCl application), and AF (spinal cord contusion with transplanted activated human fat). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured to assess endogenous inflammation levels 14 days after injury. Sensorimotor recovery was monitored weekly for 12 weeks, and gait and electrophysiological analyses were performed at the end of this observational period. The results indicated that AF reduced endogenous inflammation post-SCI and there was a significant improvement in sensorimotor recovery. Moreover, activated adipose tissue also reinstated the segmental sensorimotor loop and the communication between supra- and sub-lesional spinal cord regions. This investigation highlights the efficacy of activated adipose tissue grafting in acute SCI, suggesting it is a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord repair after traumatic contusion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Colli
- Podgora7 Clinic, Via Podgora 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Christophe Desouches
- Clinique Phénicia—CD Esthétique, 5 Boulevard Notre Dame, F-13006 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
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Cai C, Li H, Tian Z, Liang Q, Shen R, Wu Z, Liu B, Yang Y. HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs mitigates neuronal apoptosis to repair the injured spinal cord via phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149321. [PMID: 38056156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe and permanent neurological damage, and neuronal apoptosis could inhibit functional recovery of damaged spinal cord greatly. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have great potential to repair SCI because of a series of advantages, including inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and multiple differentiation. The former may play an important role. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism associated with the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis after hUC-MSCs administration has not been elucidated. In this study, proteomics analysis of precious human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from SCI subjects receiving hUC-MSCs delivery indicated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is largely involved in SCI repair. Furthermore, overexpression of HGF derived from hUC-MSCs could decrease reactive oxygen species to prevent neuron apoptosis to the maximum, and thus lead to significant recovery of spinal cord dysfunction. Moreover, HGF could promote phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway to decrease reactive oxygen species to reduce neuron apoptosis. For the first time, our research revealed that HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibits neuron apoptosis by phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a to repair SCI. This study provides important clues associated with drug selection for the effective treatment of SCI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruoqi Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Kelly CJ, Lindsay SL, Smith RS, Keh S, Cunningham KT, Thümmler K, Maizels RM, Campbell JDM, Barnett SC. Development of Good Manufacturing Practice-Compatible Isolation and Culture Methods for Human Olfactory Mucosa-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:743. [PMID: 38255817 PMCID: PMC10815924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from injury or disease can cause loss of nerve function and paralysis. Cell therapies intended to promote remyelination of axons are a promising avenue of treatment, with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) a prominent candidate. We have previously demonstrated that MSCs derived from human olfactory mucosa (hOM-MSCs) promote myelination to a greater extent than bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs). However, hOM-MSCs were developed using methods and materials that were not good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant. Before considering these cells for clinical use, it is necessary to develop a method for their isolation and expansion that is readily adaptable to a GMP-compliant environment. We demonstrate here that hOM-MSCs can be derived without enzymatic tissue digestion or cell sorting and without culture antibiotics. They grow readily in GMP-compliant media and express typical MSC surface markers. They robustly produce CXCL12 (a key secretory factor in promoting myelination) and are pro-myelinating in in vitro rodent CNS cultures. GMP-compliant hOM-MSCs are comparable in this respect to those grown in non-GMP conditions. However, when assessed in an in vivo model of demyelinating disease (experimental autoimmune encephalitis, EAE), they do not significantly improve disease scores compared with controls, indicating further pre-clinical evaluation is necessary before their advancement to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Kelly
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Susan L. Lindsay
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Rebecca Sherrard Smith
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Siew Keh
- New Victoria Hospital, 55 Grange Road, Glasgow G42 9LF, UK
| | - Kyle T. Cunningham
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Katja Thümmler
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
| | - John D. M. Campbell
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
- Tissues Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, SNBTS, Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Susan C. Barnett
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.J.K.); (S.L.L.); (R.M.M.)
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Guan P, Fan L, Zhu Z, Yang Q, Kang X, Li J, Zhang Z, Liu S, Liu C, Wang X, Xu J, Wang K, Sun Y. M2 microglia-derived exosome-loaded electroconductive hydrogel for enhancing neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38167113 PMCID: PMC10763283 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroconductive hydrogels offer a promising avenue for enhancing the repair efficacy of spinal cord injuries (SCI) by restoring disrupted electrical signals along the spinal cord's conduction pathway. Nonetheless, the application of hydrogels composed of diverse electroconductive materials has demonstrated limited capacity to mitigate the post-SCI inflammatory response. Recent research has indicated that the transplantation of M2 microglia effectively fosters SCI recovery by attenuating the excessive inflammatory response. Exosomes (Exos), small vesicles discharged by cells carrying similar biological functions to their originating cells, present a compelling alternative to cellular transplantation. This investigation endeavors to exploit M2 microglia-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) successfully isolated and reversibly bonded to electroconductive hydrogels through hydrogen bonding for synergistic promotion of SCI repair to synergistically enhance SCI repair. In vitro experiments substantiated the significant capacity of M2-Exos-laden electroconductive hydrogels to stimulate the growth of neural stem cells and axons in the dorsal root ganglion and modulate microglial M2 polarization. Furthermore, M2-Exos demonstrated a remarkable ability to mitigate the initial inflammatory reaction within the injury site. When combined with the electroconductive hydrogel, M2-Exos worked synergistically to expedite neuronal and axonal regeneration, substantially enhancing the functional recovery of rats afflicted with SCI. These findings underscore the potential of M2-Exos as a valuable reparative factor, amplifying the efficacy of electroconductive hydrogels in their capacity to foster SCI rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaobo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Baiyun Branch, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qinfeng Yang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junji Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zuyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shencai Liu
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- The Operating Room of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Balbinot G. Neuromodulation to guide circuit reorganization with regenerative therapies in upper extremity rehabilitation following cervical spinal cord injury. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 4:1320211. [PMID: 38234989 PMCID: PMC10791849 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1320211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profoundly debilitating condition with no effective treatment to date. The complex response of the central nervous system (CNS) to injury and its limited regeneration capacity pose bold challenges for restoring function. Cervical SCIs are the most prevalent and regaining hand function is a top priority for individuals living with cervical SCI. A promising avenue for addressing this challenge arises from the emerging field of regenerative rehabilitation, which combines regenerative biology with physical medicine approaches. The hypothesis for optimizing gains in upper extremity function centers on the integration of targeted neurorehabilitation with novel cell- and stem cell-based therapies. However, the precise roles and synergistic effects of these components remain poorly understood, given the intricate nature of SCI and the diversity of regenerative approaches. This perspective article sheds light on the current state of regenerative rehabilitation for cervical SCI. Notably, preclinical research has yet to fully incorporate rehabilitation protocols that mimic current clinical practices, which often rely on neuromodulation strategies to activate spared circuits below the injury level. Therefore, it becomes imperative to comprehensively investigate the combined effects of neuromodulation and regenerative medicine strategies in animal models before translating these therapies to individuals with SCI. In cases of severe upper extremity paralysis, the advent of neuromodulation strategies, such as corticospinal tract (CST) and spinal cord stimulation, holds promise as the next frontier in enhancing the effectiveness of cell- and stem cell-based therapies. Future preclinical studies should explore this convergence of neuromodulation and regenerative approaches to unlock new possibilities for upper extremity treatment after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Balbinot
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute – Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yan L, Han X, Zhang M, Kou H, Liu H, Cheng T. Melatonin exerts neuroprotective effects in mice with spinal cord injury by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway via the MT2 receptor. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:37. [PMID: 38125360 PMCID: PMC10731399 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that often leads to severe disability, and effective treatments for SCI are currently limited. The present study investigated the potential effects and specific mechanisms of melatonin treatment in SCI. Mice were divided into Sham (Sham), Vehicle (Veh), Melatonin (Mel), and Melatonin + 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4P-PDOT) (Mel + 4PP) groups based on randomized allocation. The expression of MT2 and the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Keap1 signaling pathways were examined, along with oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory factors and GFAP-positive cells near the injury site. The polarization of microglial cells in different inflammatory microenvironments was also observed. Cell survival, motor function recovery and spinal cord tissue morphology were assessed using staining and Basso Mouse Scale scores. On day 7 after SCI, the results revealed that melatonin treatment increased MT2 protein expression and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. It also reduced GFAP-positive cells, mitigated oxidative stress, and suppressed inflammatory responses around the injury site. Furthermore, melatonin treatment promoted the polarization of microglia toward the M2 type, increased the number of neutrophil-positive cells, and modulated the transcription of Bax and Bcl2 in the injured spinal cord. Melatonin treatment alleviated the severity of spinal injuries and facilitated functional recovery in mice with SCI. Notably, blocking MT2 with 4P-PDOT partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in SCI, indicating that the activation of the MT2/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotective properties of melatonin in SCI. The therapeutic and translational potentials of melatonin in SCI warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Chen X, Liu Y, Stavrinou P, Stavrinou L, Hu W, Goldbrunner R, Zheng F, He H. Spinal cord injury: Olfactory ensheathing cell-based therapeutic strategies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25283. [PMID: 38284859 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated. Recent studies have optimized various OEC transplantation strategies, including drug integration, biomaterials, and gene editing. This review aims to introduce OECs mechanisms in repairing SCI, summarize the research progress of OEC transplantation-optimized strategies, and provide novel research ideas for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Shang Z, Wanyan P, Wang M, Zhang B, Cui X, Wang X. Stem cell-derived exosomes for traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on a rat model. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1-10. [PMID: 37804282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Exosome therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a current research hotspot, but its therapeutic effect and the best source of stem cells for exosomes are unclear. METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to March 28, 2023. Literature screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two investigators. RESULTS A total of 40 studies were included for data analysis. The findings of our traditional meta-analysis indicate that exosomes derived from stem cells significantly improve the motor function of TSCI at various time points (1 week: weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-2.30] 2 weeks: WMD = 3.12, 95% CI 2.64-3.61; 3 weeks: WMD = 4.44, 95% CI 3.27-5.60; 4 weeks: WMD = 4.54, 95% CI 3.42-5.66). Four kinds of stem cell-derived exosomes have been studied: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the therapeutic effect among the exosomes derived from four kinds of stem cells at different treatment time points. Although exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the current research focus, exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential and should become the focus of future attention. CONCLUSIONS The exosomes derived from stem cells can significantly improve the motor function of TSCI rats, and the exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential. However, the lower evidence quality of animal studies limits the reliability of experimental results, emphasizing the need for more high-quality, direct comparative studies to explore the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes and the best source of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Province, China; Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Yin P, Liang W, Han B, Yang Y, Sun D, Qu X, Hai Y, Luo D. Hydrogel and Nanomedicine-Based Multimodal Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301173. [PMID: 37884459 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by mechanical and biological factors, manifesting as a loss of motor and sensory functions. Inhibition of injury expansion and even reversal of injury in the acute damage stage of SCI are important strategies for treating this disease. Hydrogels and nanoparticle (NP)-based drugs are the most effective, widely studied, and clinically valuable therapeutic strategies in the field of repair and regeneration. Hydrogels are 3D flow structures that fill the pathological gaps in SCI and provide a microenvironment similar to that of the spinal cord extracellular matrix for nerve cell regeneration. NP-based drugs can easily penetrate the blood-spinal cord barrier, target SCI lesions, and are noninvasive. Hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers can be loaded with various drugs and biological therapeutic factors for slow release in SCI lesions. They help drugs function more efficiently by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and nerve regeneration effects to promote the recovery of neurological function. In this review, the use of hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers and the role of both in the repair of SCI are discussed to provide a multimodal strategic reference for nerve repair and regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weishi Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Duan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
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Wang YY, Cheng J, Liu YD, Wang YP, Yang QW, Zhou N. Exosome-based regenerative rehabilitation: A novel ice breaker for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115920. [PMID: 37995565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect a large population, often leading to different levels of disability and resulting in decreased quality of life. Due to the limited recovery obtained from surgical procedures and other medical approaches, a large number of patients with prolonged dysfunction receive neurorehabilitation protocols to improve their neural plasticity and regeneration. However, the poor neural regeneration ability cannot effectively rebuild the tissue integrity and neural functional networks; consequently, the prognoses of neurorehabilitation remain undetermined. To increase the chances of neural regeneration and functional recovery for patients with neurological disorders, regenerative rehabilitation was introduced with combined regenerative medicine and neurorehabilitation protocols to repair neural tissue damage and create an optimized biophysical microenvironment for neural regeneration potential. With the deepening of exosome research, an increasing number of studies have found that the systemic therapeutic effects of neurorehabilitation approaches are mediated by exosomes released by physically stimulated cells, which provides new insight into rehabilitative mechanisms. Meanwhile, exosome therapy also serves as an alternative cell-free therapy of regenerative medicine that is applied in partnership with neurorehabilitation approaches and formulates exosome-based neurological regenerative rehabilitation. In this study, we review the current state of exosome-associated neurorehabilitation. On the one hand, we focus on presenting the varied mediating effects of exosomes in neurorehabilitation protocols of specific neurological pathologies; on the other hand, we discuss the diverse combinations of exosome therapies and neurorehabilitation approaches in the field of neurological regenerative rehabilitation, aiming to increase the awareness of exosome research and applications in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sport Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Dong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China.
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Kao Y, Zhu H, Yang Y, Shen W, Song W, Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu H, Kong X. CREB1 Facilitates GABAergic Neural Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through BRN2 for Pain Alleviation and Locomotion Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 38201271 PMCID: PMC10778540 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of GABAergic neuron cells has been reported to alleviate nerve pain and improve motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into GABAergic neuron cells in a sufficient quantity remains to be accomplished. From a database screening, cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) was chosen as a potential modulator due to its critical role in the protein-protein interaction of genes related to GABAergic neural differentiation. Here, CREB1 was overexpressed in transfected hMSCs, where CREB1 could induce differentiation into GABAergic neuron cells with an upregulation of Map2 and GAD1 by 2- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Additionally, GABAergic neural differentiation was enhanced, while Notch signaling was inhibited, and BRN2 transcriptional activation played an important role in neuronal maturation. Moreover, transfected hMSCs injected into immunocompromised mice caused by CsA exhibited the neuronal markers Tuj1 and Map2 via the intraspinal route, suggesting an improvement in survival and neural differentiation. Significantly, improvement in both BMS scores (6.2 ± 1.30 vs. 4 ± 0) and thermal hyperalgesia latency (7.74 ± 2.36 s vs. 4.52 ± 0.39 s) was seen compared with the SCI naïve treatment at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Our study demonstrates that CREB1 is crucial in generating induced GABAergic neuron cells (iGNs) originating from hMSCs. Transplanting iGNs to injured spinal cord provides a promising strategy for alleviating neuropathic pain and locomotion recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Kao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hanming Zhu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei Song
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haoyun Liu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Wang Y, Hu J, Wu S, Fleishman JS, Li Y, Xu Y, Zou W, Wang J, Feng Y, Chen J, Wang H. Targeting epigenetic and posttranslational modifications regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:449. [PMID: 38072908 PMCID: PMC10711040 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a unique modality of cell death with mechanistic and morphological differences from other cell death modes, plays a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis and offers a new opportunity for modulating anticancer drug resistance. Aberrant epigenetic modifications and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) promote anticancer drug resistance, cancer progression, and metastasis. Accumulating studies indicate that epigenetic modifications can transcriptionally and translationally determine cancer cell vulnerability to ferroptosis and that ferroptosis functions as a driver in nervous system diseases (NSDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver diseases, lung diseases, and kidney diseases. In this review, we first summarize the core molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis. Then, the roles of epigenetic processes, including histone PTMs, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA regulation and PTMs, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation, are concisely discussed. The roles of epigenetic modifications and PTMs in ferroptosis regulation in the genesis of diseases, including cancers, NSD, CVDs, liver diseases, lung diseases, and kidney diseases, as well as the application of epigenetic and PTM modulators in the therapy of these diseases, are then discussed in detail. Elucidating the mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation mediated by epigenetic modifications and PTMs in cancer and other diseases will facilitate the development of promising combination therapeutic regimens containing epigenetic or PTM-targeting agents and ferroptosis inducers that can be used to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer and could be used to prevent other diseases. In addition, these mechanisms highlight potential therapeutic approaches to overcome chemoresistance in cancer or halt the genesis of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yinshi Xu
- Department of Outpatient, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wailong Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, PR China.
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, PR China.
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Ghosh M, Pearse DD. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomal Vesicles: A Promising Therapy for the Injured Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17317. [PMID: 38139147 PMCID: PMC10743801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles released by cells into their extracellular milieu. Within these nanovesicles reside a multitude of bioactive molecules, which orchestrate essential biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, in the recipient cells. These bioactive properties of exosomes render them a promising choice for therapeutic use in the realm of tissue regeneration and repair. Exosomes possess notable positive attributes, including a high bioavailability, inherent safety, and stability, as well as the capacity to be functionalized so that drugs or biological agents can be encapsulated within them or to have their surface modified with ligands and receptors to imbue them with selective cell or tissue targeting. Remarkably, their small size and capacity for receptor-mediated transcytosis enable exosomes to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and access the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike cell-based therapies, exosomes present fewer ethical constraints in their collection and direct use as a therapeutic approach in the human body. These advantageous qualities underscore the vast potential of exosomes as a treatment option for neurological injuries and diseases, setting them apart from other cell-based biological agents. Considering the therapeutic potential of exosomes, the current review seeks to specifically examine an area of investigation that encompasses the development of Schwann cell (SC)-derived exosomal vesicles (SCEVs) as an approach to spinal cord injury (SCI) protection and repair. SCs, the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system, have a long history of demonstrated benefit in repair of the injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves when transplanted, including their recent advancement to clinical investigations for feasibility and safety in humans. This review delves into the potential of utilizing SCEVs as a therapy for SCI, explores promising engineering strategies to customize SCEVs for specific actions, and examines how SCEVs may offer unique clinical advantages over SC transplantation for repair of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Damien D. Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Li J, Shangguan Z, Ye X, Wang Z, Liu W, Chen G. Modified FGF Hydrogel for Effective Axon Formation by Enhanced Regeneration of Myelin Sheath of Schwann Cells Using Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7225-7236. [PMID: 38076728 PMCID: PMC10710222 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating event for which there is no targeted or effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and Schwann cells (SC) exert a protective effect on the injured tissues. Because of their easy injectability and strength, hydrogels are considered to be ideal candidates for creating loadable tissues. However, the application and mechanism of bFGF-hydrogels have not been explored. Methods We synthesized a new class of bFGF-hydrosol and evaluated its safety and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Next, an SCI rat model was established to evaluate the effect of the hydrosol on an SCI by detecting various pro-inflammatory markers and evaluating the injury. The ability of hydrosol to promote axon formation was evaluated by detecting corresponding indexes, and its ability to promote remyelination was evaluated by detecting the corresponding indexes in Schwann cells. Results A novel in situ injectable hydrogel containing bFGF (HA-bFGF) was synthesized and found to have better biocompatibility than other gels. HA-bFGF helped to repair tissue damage after an SCI in vivo. Our mechanistic investigation also showed that HA-bFGF improved axon formation after an SCI by facilitating the regeneration of myelin sheath of Schwann cells. Conclusion In this study, we found that HA-bFGF could promote neural restoration and tissue recovery after an SCI. Our results indicate that hydrogels loaded with bFGF can alleviate a spinal cord injury by promoting the remyelination of Schwann cells, reducing inflammation at the injured site, and ultimately promoting axon generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Union Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Shangguan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Union Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Union Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Union Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Union Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Union Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Xu L, Zhao H, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zhong W, Jiang G, Yu X. The application of stem cell sheets for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies. Syst Rev 2023; 12:225. [PMID: 38037129 PMCID: PMC10688065 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell sheet implantation offers a promising avenue for spinal cord injury (SCI) and is currently under investigation in pre-clinical in vivo studies. Nevertheless, a systematic review of the relevant literature is yet to be performed. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the efficacy of stem cell sheet technology in treating SCI, as indicated by experimental animal model studies. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that did not pertain to in vivo pre-clinical studies and those published in non-English languages were excluded. A risk assessment for bias was performed using the SYRCLE tool. Extracted data were synthesized only qualitatively because the data were not suitable for conducting the meta-analysis. RESULTS Among the 847 studies retrieved from electronic database searches, seven met the inclusion criteria. Six of these studies employed a complete transection model, while one utilized a compression model. Stem cell sources included bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In all included studies, stem cell sheet application significantly improved motor and sensory functional scores compared to intreated SCI rats. This functional recovery correlated with histological improvements at the injury site. All studies are at low risk of bias but certain domains were not reported by some or all of the studies. CONCLUSION The results of our systematic review suggest that stem cell sheets may be a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI. Future research should be conducted on stem cell sheets in various animal models and types of SCI, and careful validation is necessary before translating stem cell sheets into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongdong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng X, Liu Z, He Z, Xu J, Wang Y, Gong C, Zhang R, Zhang SC, Chen H, Wang W. Preclinical long-term safety of intraspinal transplantation of human dorsal spinal GABA neural progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:108306. [PMID: 38026209 PMCID: PMC10661464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons have shown promise in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). We previously showed that hPSC-derived dorsal spinal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons can alleviate spasticity and promote locomotion in rats with SCI, but their long-term safety remains elusive. Here, we characterized the long-term fate and safety of human dorsal spinal GABA neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in naive rats over one year. All grafted NPCs had undergone differentiation, yielding mainly neurons and astrocytes. Fully mature human neurons grew many axons and formed numerous synapses with rat neural circuits, together with mature human astrocytes that structurally integrated into the rat spinal cord. The sensorimotor function of rats was not impaired by intraspinal transplantation, even when human neurons were activated or inhibited by designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). These findings represent a significant step toward the clinical translation of human spinal neuron transplantation for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ziyu He
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - YaNan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - ChenZi Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruoying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, the School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ji R, Hao Z, Wang H, Li X, Duan L, Guan F, Ma S. Application of Injectable Hydrogels as Delivery Systems in Spinal Cord Injury. Gels 2023; 9:907. [PMID: 37998998 PMCID: PMC10670785 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological injury caused by traffic accidents, trauma, or falls, which leads to significant loss of sensory, motor, and autonomous functions and seriously affects the patient's life quality. Although considerable progress has been made in mitigating secondary injury and promoting the regeneration/repair of SCI, the therapeutic effects need to be improved due to drug availability. Given their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, injectable hydrogels can be used as delivery systems to achieve controlled release of drugs and other substances (cells and proteins, etc.), offering new hope for SCI repair. In this article, we summarized the types of injectable hydrogels, analyzed their application as delivery systems in SCI, and further discussed the mechanisms of hydrogels in the treatment of SCI, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and pro-neurogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the potential benefits of hydrogels in the treatment of SCI in combination with therapies, including the recent advances and achievements of these promising tools. Our review may offer new strategies for the development of SCI treatments based on injectable hydrogels as delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.J.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.J.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
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