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Xin Y, Shang X, Sun X, Xu G, Liu Y, Liu Y. SLC8A1 antisense RNA 1 suppresses papillary thyroid cancer malignant progression via the FUS RNA binding protein (FUS)/NUMB like endocytic adaptor protein (Numbl) axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12572-12582. [PMID: 35599603 PMCID: PMC9275960 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2073125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine malignancies and is associated with severe morbidity and high mortality. This study aimed to explore the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SLC8A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLC8A1-AS1) in the pathogenesis of PTC. In this study, we explored the function of SLC8A1-AS1 in PTC progression. We observed that the expression of SLC8A1-AS1 was downregulated in clinical PTC samples and PTC cell lines compared to that in normal controls. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assays demonstrated that the overexpression of SLC8A1-AS1 significantly reduced the proliferation of PTC cells. Consistently, apoptosis of PTC cells was enhanced by SLC8A1-AS1 overexpression. SLC8A1-AS1 overexpression attenuated the invasion and migration of PTC cells. Mechanistically, SLC8A1-AS1 maintained NUMB like endocytic adaptor protein (Numbl) mRNA stability by interacting with FUS RNA Binding Protein (FUS) in PTC cells. Depletion of Numbl reversed the inhibitory effect of SLC8A1-AS1 overexpression on PTC. Thus, we concluded that SLC8A1-AS1 suppresses PTC progression via the FUS/Numbl axis. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying SLC8A1-AS1 attenuation of the malignant development of PTC, improving our understanding of the association between lncRNAs and PTC. SLC8A1-AS1 and FUS may be potential targets for PTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoling Shang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Guogang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yachao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
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2
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Thambyrajah R, Bigas A. Notch Signaling in HSC Emergence: When, Why and How. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030358. [PMID: 35159166 PMCID: PMC8833884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sustains blood homeostasis throughout life in vertebrates. During embryonic development, HSCs emerge from the aorta-gonads and mesonephros (AGM) region along with hematopoietic progenitors within hematopoietic clusters which are found in the dorsal aorta, the main arterial vessel. Notch signaling, which is essential for arterial specification of the aorta, is also crucial in hematopoietic development and HSC activity. In this review, we will present and discuss the evidence that we have for Notch activity in hematopoietic cell fate specification and the crosstalk with the endothelial and arterial lineage. The core hematopoietic program is conserved across vertebrates and here we review studies conducted using different models of vertebrate hematopoiesis, including zebrafish, mouse and in vitro differentiated Embryonic stem cells. To fulfill the goal of engineering HSCs in vitro, we need to understand the molecular processes that modulate Notch signaling during HSC emergence in a temporal and spatial context. Here, we review relevant contributions from different model systems that are required to specify precursors of HSC and HSC activity through Notch interactions at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
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3
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Vázquez-Ulloa E, Lizano M, Sjöqvist M, Olmedo-Nieva L, Contreras-Paredes A. Deregulation of the Notch pathway as a common road in viral carcinogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e1988. [PMID: 29956408 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a conserved signaling pathway and a form of direct cell-cell communication related to many biological processes during development and adulthood. Deregulation of the Notch pathway is involved in many diseases, including cancer. Almost 20% of all cancer cases have an infectious etiology, with viruses responsible for at least 1.5 million new cancer cases per year. Seven groups of viruses have been classified as oncogenic: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). These viruses share the ability to manipulate a variety of cell pathways that are critical in proliferation and differentiation, leading to malignant transformation. Viral proteins interact directly or indirectly with different members of the Notch pathway, altering their normal function. This review focuses exclusively on the direct interactions of viral oncoproteins with Notch elements, providing a deeper understanding of the dual behavior of the Notch pathway as activator or suppressor of neoplasia in virus-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenaé Vázquez-Ulloa
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Leslie Olmedo-Nieva
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Endosomal Trafficking During Mitosis and Notch-Dependent Asymmetric Division. ENDOCYTOSIS AND SIGNALING 2018; 57:301-329. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Alberi L, Hoey SE, Brai E, Scotti AL, Marathe S. Notch signaling in the brain: in good and bad times. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:801-14. [PMID: 23570941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for neuronal development and specification. In the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed out an important role of this pathway beyond embryonic development, indicating that Notch also displays a critical function in the mature brain of vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway appears to be involved in neural progenitor regulation, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity and learning/memory. In addition, Notch appears to be aberrantly regulated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic injury. The molecular mechanisms by which Notch displays these functions in the mature brain are not fully understood, but are currently the subject of intense research. In this review, we will discuss old and novel Notch targets and molecular mediators that contribute to Notch function in the mature brain and will summarize recent findings that explore the two facets of Notch signaling in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Alberi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
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6
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Notas G, Kampa M, Pelekanou V, Troullinaki M, Jacquot Y, Leclercq G, Castanas E. Whole transcriptome analysis of the ERα synthetic fragment P295-T311 (ERα17p) identifies specific ERα-isoform (ERα, ERα36)-dependent and -independent actions in breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:595-610. [PMID: 23474223 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ERα17p is a peptide corresponding to the sequence P295LMIKRSKKNSLALSLT311 of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and initially found to interfere with ERα-related calmodulin binding. ERα17p was subsequently found to elicit estrogenic responses in E2-deprived ERα-positive breast cancer cells, increasing proliferation and ERE-dependent gene transcription. Surprisingly, in E2-supplemented media, ERα17p-induced apoptosis and modified the actin network, influencing cell motility. Here, we report that ERα17p internalizes in breast cancer cells (T47D, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3) and induces a massive early (3 h) transcriptional activity. Remarkably, about 75% of significantly modified transcripts were also modified by E2, confirming the pro-estrogenic profile of ERα17p. The different ER spectra of the used cell lines allowed us to identify a specific ERα17p signature related to ERα as well as its variant ERα36. With respect to ERα, the peptide activates nuclear (cell cycle, cell proliferation, nucleic acid and protein synthesis) and extranuclear signaling pathways. In contrast, through ERα36, it mainly triggers inhibitory actions on inflammation. This is the first work reporting a detailed ERα36-specific transcriptional signature. In addition, we report that ERα17p-induced transcripts related to apoptosis and actin modifying effects of the peptide are independent from its estrogen receptor(s)-related actions. We discuss our findings in view of the potential use of ERα17p as a selective peptidomimetic estrogen receptor modulator (PERM).
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Affiliation(s)
- George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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7
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Arumugam K, Macnicol MC, Macnicol AM. Autoregulation of Musashi1 mRNA translation during Xenopus oocyte maturation. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:553-63. [PMID: 22730340 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translational control protein, Musashi, plays a critical role in cell fate determination through sequence-specific interactions with select target mRNAs. In proliferating stem cells, Musashi exerts repression of target mRNAs to promote cell cycle progression. During stem cell differentiation, Musashi target mRNAs are de-repressed and translated. Recently, we have reported an obligatory requirement for Musashi to direct translational activation of target mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte meiotic cell cycle progression. Despite the importance of Musashi in cell cycle regulation, only a few target mRNAs have been fully characterized. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a new Musashi target mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. We demonstrate that progesterone-stimulated translational activation of the Xenopus Musashi1 mRNA is regulated through a functional Musashi binding element (MBE) in the Musashi1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Mutational disruption of the MBE prevented translational activation of Musashi1 mRNA and its interaction with Musashi protein. Further, elimination of Musashi function through microinjection of inhibitory antisense oligonucleotides prevented progesterone-induced polyadenylation and translation of the endogenous Musashi1 mRNA. Thus, Xenopus Musashi proteins regulate translation of the Musashi1 mRNA during oocyte maturation. Our results indicate that the hierarchy of sequential and dependent mRNA translational control programs involved in directing progression through meiosis are reinforced by an intricate series of nested, positive feedback loops, including Musashi mRNA translational autoregulation. These autoregulatory positive feedback loops serve to amplify a weak initiating signal into a robust commitment for the oocyte to progress through the cell cycle and become competent for fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Arumugam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301W Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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8
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Zhou P, Alfaro J, Chang EH, Zhao X, Porcionatto M, Segal RA. Numb links extracellular cues to intracellular polarity machinery to promote chemotaxis. Dev Cell 2011; 20:610-22. [PMID: 21571219 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization is essential throughout development for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, it is not known how extracellular cues correctly orient cell polarity at distinct stages of development. Here, we show that the endocytic adaptor protein Numb, previously characterized for its role in cell proliferation, subsequently plays an important role in cell migration. In neural precursors stimulated with the chemotactic factor BDNF, Numb binds to activated TrkB, the BDNF receptor, and functions both as an endocytic regulator for TrkB and as a scaffold for aPKC (aPKC). Thus, Numb promotes BDNF-dependent aPKC activation. Interestingly, Numb is also a substrate of aPKC. When phosphorylated, Numb exhibits increased efficacy in binding TrkB and in promoting a chemotactic response to BDNF. Therefore, Numb functions in a feed-forward loop to promote chemotaxis of neural precursors, linking BDNF, an extracellular cue, to aPKC, a critical component of the intrinsic polarity machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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9
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Kyriazis GA, Belal C, Madan M, Taylor DG, Wang J, Wei Z, Pattisapu JV, Chan SL. Stress-induced switch in Numb isoforms enhances Notch-dependent expression of subtype-specific transient receptor potential channel. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6811-25. [PMID: 20038578 PMCID: PMC2825475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.074690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of cell specification by controlling differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Numb is an intrinsic regulator of the Notch pathway and exists in four alternative splice variants that differ in the length of their phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB) and proline-rich region domains. The physiological relevance of the existence of the Numb splice variants and their exact regulation are still poorly understood. We previously reported that Numb switches from isoforms containing the insertion in PTB to isoforms lacking this insertion in neuronal cells subjected to trophic factor withdrawal (TFW). The functional relevance of the TFW-induced switch in Numb isoforms is not known. Here we provide evidence that the TFW-induced switch in Numb isoforms regulates Notch signaling strength and Notch target gene expression. PC12 cells stably overexpressing Numb isoforms lacking the PTB insertion exhibited higher basal Notch activity and Notch-dependent transcription of the transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) when compared with those overexpressing Numb isoforms with the PTB insertion. The differential regulation of TRPC6 expression is correlated with perturbed calcium signaling and increased neuronal vulnerability to TFW-induced death. Pharmacological inhibition of the Notch pathway or knockdown of TRPC6 function ameliorates the adverse effects caused by the TFW-induced switch in Numb isoforms. Taken together, our results indicate that Notch and Numb interaction may influence the sensitivity of neuronal cells to injurious stimuli by modulating calcium-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Kyriazis
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Cherine Belal
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Meenu Madan
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - David G. Taylor
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Jang Wang
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Zelan Wei
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Jogi V. Pattisapu
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Sic L. Chan
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
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10
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Abella JV, Park M. Breakdown of endocytosis in the oncogenic activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E973-84. [PMID: 19240253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90857.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to support the concept that the malignant behavior of many tumors is sustained by the deregulated activation of growth factor receptors. Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by their respective ligand(s) initiates cellular signals that tightly modulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration to ensure normal tissue patterning. Therefore, uncontrolled activation of such signals can have deleterious effects, leading to oncogenesis. To date, deregulation of most RTKs has been implicated in the development of cancer, although the mechanisms that lead to their deregulation are not yet fully understood (10). RTK endocytosis, the internalization and trafficking of receptors inside the cell, has long been established as a mechanism to attenuate RTK signaling. However, RTKs have been demonstrated to continue to signal along the endocytic pathway, which contributes to the spatio-temporal regulation of signal transduction. This review will focus on recent advances linking defective endocytosis of RTKs in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine V Abella
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A3, QC, Canada
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11
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Furman DP, Bukharina TA. Genetic control of macrochaetae development in Drosophila melanogaster. Russ J Dev Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360408040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Range RC, Glenn TD, Miranda E, McClay DR. LvNumb works synergistically with Notch signaling to specify non-skeletal mesoderm cells in the sea urchin embryo. Development 2008; 135:2445-54. [PMID: 18550713 DOI: 10.1242/dev.018101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Notch signaling pathway segregates the non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM) from the endomesoderm during sea urchin embryo development. Subsequently, Notch signaling helps specify the four subpopulations of NSM, and influences endoderm specification. To gain further insight into how the Notch signaling pathway is regulated during these cell specification events, we identified a sea urchin homologue of Numb (LvNumb). Previous work in other model systems showed that Numb functions as a Notch signaling pathway antagonist, possibly by mediating the endocytosis of other key Notch interacting proteins. In this study, we show that the vegetal endomesoderm expresses lvnumb during the blastula and gastrula stages, and that the protein is localized to the presumptive NSM. Injections of lvnumb mRNA and antisense morpholinos demonstrate that LvNumb is necessary for the specification of mesodermal cell types, including pigment cells, blastocoelar cells and muscle cells. Functional analysis of the N-terminal PTB domain and the C-terminal PRR domain of LvNumb shows that the PTB domain, but not the PRR domain, is sufficient to recapitulate the demonstrable function of full-length LvNumb. Experiments show that LvNumb requires an active Notch signal to function during NSM specification and that LvNumb functions in the cells responding to Delta and not in the cells presenting the Delta ligand. Furthermore, injection of mRNA encoding the intracellular domain of Notch rescues the LvNumb morpholino phenotype, suggesting that the constitutive intracellular Notch signal overcomes, or bypasses, the absence of Numb during NSM specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Range
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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13
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14
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Furman D, Bukharina T. How Drosophila melanogaster Forms its Mechanoreceptors. Curr Genomics 2008; 9:312-23. [PMID: 19471605 PMCID: PMC2685642 DOI: 10.2174/138920208785133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A strictly determined number of external sensory organs, macrochaetes, acting as mechanoreceptors, are orderly located on drosophila head and body. Totally, they form the bristle pattern, which is a species-specific characteristic of drosophila.Each mechanoreceptor comprises four specialized cells derived from the single sensory organ precursor (SOP) cell. The conserved bristle pattern combined with a comparatively simple structure of each mechanosensory organ makes macrochaetes a convenient model for studying the formation spatial structures with a fixed number of elements at certain positions and the mechanism underlying cell differentiation.The macrochaete morphogenesis consists of three stages. At the first stage, the proneural clusters segregate from the massive of ectodermal cells of the wing imaginal disc. At the second stage, the SOP cell is determined and its position in the cluster is specified. At the third stage, the SOP cell undergoes two asymmetric divisions, and the daughter cells differentiate into the components of mechanoreceptor: shaft, socket, bipolar neuron, and sheath.The critical factor determining the neural pathway of cell development is the content of proneural proteins, products of the achaete-scute (AS-C) gene complex, reaching its maximum in the SOP cell.The experimental data on the main genes and their products involved in the control of bristle pattern formation are systematized. The roles of achaete-scute complex, EGFR and Notch signaling pathways, and selector genes in these processes are considered. An integral scheme describing the functioning of the system controlling macrochaete development in D. melanogaster is proposed based on analysis of literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P Furman
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - T.A Bukharina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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15
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Thomas GB, van Meyel DJ. The glycosyltransferase Fringe promotes Delta-Notch signaling between neurons and glia, and is required for subtype-specific glial gene expression. Development 2007; 134:591-600. [PMID: 17215308 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development, organization and function of central nervous systems depend on interactions between neurons and glial cells. However, the molecular signals that regulate neuron-glial communication remain elusive. In the ventral nerve cord of Drosophila, the close association of the longitudinal glia (LG) with the neuropil provides an excellent opportunity to identify and characterize neuron-glial signals in vivo. We have found that the activity and restricted expression of the glycosyltransferase Fringe (Fng)renders a subset of LG sensitive to activation of signaling through the Notch(N) receptor. This is the first report showing that modulation of N signaling by Fng is important for central nervous system development in any organism. In each hemisegment of the nerve cord the transcription factor Prospero (Pros) is selectively expressed in the six most anterior LG. Pros expression is specifically reduced in fng mutants, and is blocked by antagonism of the N pathway. The N ligand Delta (Dl), which is expressed by a subset of neurons, cooperates with Fng for N signaling in the anterior LG, leading to subtype-specific expression of Pros. Furthermore, ectopic Pros expression in posterior LG can be triggered by Fng, and by Dl derived from neurons but not glia. This effect can be mimicked by direct activation of the N pathway within glia. Our genetic studies suggest that Fng sensitizes N on glia to axon-derived Dl and that enhanced neuron-glial communication through this ligand-receptor pair is required for the proper molecular diversity of glial cell subtypes in the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham B Thomas
- Graduate Program in Neurological Sciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Stapleton M, Carlson JW, Celniker SE. RNA editing in Drosophila melanogaster: New targets and functional consequences. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 12:1922-32. [PMID: 17018572 PMCID: PMC1624909 DOI: 10.1261/rna.254306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA [adenosine deaminase, RNA specific (ADAR)] catalyze the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine in primary mRNA transcripts. These re-coding events affect coding potential, splice sites, and stability of mature mRNAs. ADAR is an essential gene, and studies in mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila suggest that its primary function is to modify adult behavior by altering signaling components in the nervous system. By comparing the sequence of isogenic cDNAs to genomic DNA, we have identified and experimentally verified 27 new targets of Drosophila ADAR. Our analyses led us to identify new classes of genes whose transcripts are targets of ADAR, including components of the actin cytoskeleton and genes involved in ion homeostasis and signal transduction. Our results indicate that editing in Drosophila increases the diversity of the proteome, and does so in a manner that has direct functional consequences on protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stapleton
- Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Department of Genome Biology, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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17
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Baker C, Nielsen HM, Minthon L, Wright HT, Chappell S, Okyere J, May S, Morgan K, Kalsheker N, Janciauskiene SM. Effects of Alzheimer's peptide and alpha1-antichymotrypsin on astrocyte gene expression. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 28:51-61. [PMID: 16364502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We employed gene array technology to investigate the effects of alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), soluble or fibrillar Alzheimer's peptide (Abeta(1-42)) alone and the combination of ACT/Abeta(1-42) on human astrocytes. Using a 1.2-fold change as significance threshold, 398 astrocyte genes showed altered expression in response to these treatments compared to controls. Of the 276 genes affected by the ACT/soluble Abeta(1-42) combination, 195 (70.6%) were suppressed. The ACT/fibrillar Abeta(1-42) combination affected expression of 64 genes of which 58 (90.5%) were up-regulated. The most prominent gene expression changes in response to the ACT/soluble Abeta(1-42), were the down-regulation of at least 60 genes involved in transcription, signal transduction, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The ACT/fibril Abeta(1-42) increased the expression of genes involved in transcription regulation and signal transduction. Surprisingly, gene expression of astrocytes exposed to soluble or fibrillar Abeta(1-42) alone was largely unaffected. Thus, the molecular forms generated by the combination of ACT/Abeta(1-42) alter expression of astrocyte genes more profoundly in breadth and magnitude than soluble or fibrillar Abeta(1-42) alone, suggesting that pathogenic effects of Abeta(1-42) may occur as a consequence of its association with other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Baker
- Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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18
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Abstract
This review discusses current understanding of the role that endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells may have in the treatment of the diseased heart. In the last several years, a major effort has been made in an attempt to identify immature cells capable of differentiating into cell lineages different from the organ of origin to be employed for the regeneration of the damaged heart. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) have been extensively studied and characterized, and dramatic advances have been made in the clinical application of BMCs in heart failure of ischemic and nonischemic origin. However, a controversy exists concerning the ability of BMCs to acquire cardiac cell lineages and reconstitute the myocardium lost after infarction. The recognition that the adult heart possesses a stem cell compartment that can regenerate myocytes and coronary vessels has raised the unique possibility to rebuild dead myocardium after infarction, to repopulate the hypertrophic decompensated heart with new better functioning myocytes and vascular structures, and, perhaps, to reverse ventricular dilation and wall thinning. Cardiac stem cells may become the most important cell for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Leri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY10595, USA
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19
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Cornell RA, Eisen JS. Notch in the pathway: the roles of Notch signaling in neural crest development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2005; 16:663-72. [PMID: 16054851 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review recent studies that suggest that Notch signaling has two roles during neural crest development: first in establishing the neural crest domain within the ectoderm via lateral induction and subsequently in diversifying the fates of cells that arise from the neural crest via lateral inhibition. The first of these roles, specification of neural crest via lateral induction, has been explored primarily in the cranial neural folds from which the cranial neural crest arises. Evidence for such a role has thus far only been obtained from chick and frog; results from these two species differ, but share the feature that Notch signaling regulates genes that are expressed by cranial neural crest through effects on expression of Bmp family members. The second of these roles, diversification of neural crest progeny via lateral inhibition, has been identified thus far only in trunk neural crest. Evidence from several species suggests that Notch-mediated lateral inhibition functions in multiple episodes in this context, in each case inhibiting neurogenesis. In the 'standard' mode of lateral inhibition, Notch promotes proliferation and in the 'instructive' mode, it promotes specific secondary fates, including cell death or glial differentiation. We raise the possibility that a single molecular mechanism, inhibition of so-called proneural bHLH genes, underlies both modes of lateral inhibition mediated by Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 1-532 Bowen Science Building, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Many endocytic proteins shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm; however, their putative function in the nucleus is unclear. Now, new data demonstrate that huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1), an endocytic protein, modulates the transcriptional activity of nuclear hormone receptors. In network theory, therefore, HIP1 can be regarded as a hub connecting heterogeneous functional “territories:” a possibility with important physiological and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Vecchi
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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21
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Crosetto N, Tikkanen R, Dikic I. Oncogenic breakdowns in endocytic adaptor proteins. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3231-8. [PMID: 15943966 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a versatile tool to regulate the intensity, localization, half-life and function of signaling complexes (signalosomes) that form in cells upon binding of growth factors, cytokines and morphogens to their cognate receptors. Endocytic adaptors are non-catalytic proteins that assemble effectors and structural components of the endocytic machinery around the trafficking cargo and serve as scaffolds for signalosomes, which in turn modify their location and activity by various post-translational modifications. We discuss how breakdowns in the function of endocytic adaptors might facilitate impairment of tissue homeostasis and consequent tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Crosetto
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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22
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Abstract
Cells in multicellular organisms need to decipher extracellular cues into appropriate responses including correct differentiation choices. A considerable portion of this information is relayed through a surprisingly small number of signaling pathways, which are highly evolutionarily conserved and used in many different cell types. This "ivy league" of signaling mechanisms comprises the Wnt/wingless, BMP/TGF-beta, Sonic Hedgehog, receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear receptors, JAK/STAT and, the subject of this review, the Notch signaling pathway. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the Notch signaling pathway. The role of Notch in various types of cancers is discussed in the accompanying articles in this issue of SCBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil M Hansson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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23
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Klezovitch O, Fernandez TE, Tapscott SJ, Vasioukhin V. Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 knockout mice. Genes Dev 2004; 18:559-71. [PMID: 15037549 PMCID: PMC374237 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1178004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of cell polarity is seen in many cancers; however, it is generally considered a late event in tumor progression. Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) has been implicated in maintenance of cell polarity in Drosophila and cultured mammalian cells. We now show that loss of Lgl1 in mice results in formation of neuroepithelial rosette-like structures, similar to the neuroblastic rosettes in human primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The newborn Lgl1(-/-) pups develop severe hydrocephalus and die neonatally. A large proportion of Lgl1(-/-) neural progenitor cells fail to exit the cell cycle and differentiate, and, instead, continue to proliferate and die by apoptosis. Dividing Lgl1(-/-) cells are unable to asymmetrically localize the Notch inhibitor Numb, and the resulting failure of asymmetric cell divisions may be responsible for the hyperproliferation and the lack of differentiation. These results reveal a critical role for mammalian Lgl1 in regulating of proliferation, differentiation, and tissue organization and demonstrate a potential causative role of disruption of cell polarity in neoplastic transformation of neuroepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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24
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Han Z, Bodmer R. Myogenic cells fates are antagonized by Notch only in asymmetric lineages of the Drosophila heart, with or without cell division. Development 2003; 130:3039-51. [PMID: 12756185 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During the formation of the Drosophila heart, a combinatorial network that integrates signaling pathways and tissue-specific transcription factors specifies cardiac progenitors, which then undergo symmetric or asymmetric cell divisions to generate the final population of diversified cardiac cell types. Much has been learned concerning the combinatorial genetic network that initiates cardiogenesis, whereas little is known about how exactly these cardiac progenitors divide and generate the diverse population of cardiac cells. In this study, we examined the cell lineages and cell fate determination in the heart by using various cell cycle modifications. By arresting the cardiac progenitor cell divisions at different developing stages, we determined the exact cell lineages for most cardiac cell types. We found that once cardiac progenitors are specified, they can differentiate without further divisions. Interestingly, the progenitors of asymmetric cell lineages adopt a myocardial cell fate as opposed to a pericardial fate when they are unable to divide. These progenitors adopt a pericardial cell fate, however, when cell division is blocked in numb mutants or in embryos with constitutive Notch activity. These results suggest that a numb/Notch-dependent cell fate decision can take place even in undivided progenitors of asymmetric cell divisions. By contrast, in symmetric lineages, which give rise to a single type of myocardial-only or pericardial-only progeny, repression or constitutive activation of the Notch pathway has no apparent effect on progenitor or progeny fate. Thus, inhibition of Notch activity is crucial for specifying a myogenic cell fate only in asymmetric lineages. In addition, we provide evidence that whether or not Suppressor-of-Hairless can become a transcriptional activator is the key switch for the Numb/Notch activity in determining a myocardial versus pericardial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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