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Lu Q, Liu Z, He W, Chu X. Retracted article: Protective effects of ulinastatin on rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Bioengineered 2024; 15:1987083. [PMID: 34637694 PMCID: PMC10813561 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1987083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Qitong Lu, Zhiyong Liu, Wei He and Xin Chu. Protective effects of ulinastatin on rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Bioengineered. 2021 Oct. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1987083.Since publication, significant concerns have been raised about the compliance with ethical policies for human research and the integrity of the data reported in the article.When approached for an explanation, the authors provided some original data but were not able to provide all the necessary supporting information. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the scholarly record's integrity, we are retracting the article. All authors listed in this publication have been informed.We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as 'Retracted.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Pan X, Tan X, McDonald J, Kaminga AC, Chen Y, Dai F, Qiu J, Zhao K, Peng Y. Chemokines in diabetic eye disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:115. [PMID: 38790059 PMCID: PMC11127334 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic eye disease is a common micro-vascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of decreased vision and blindness in people of working age worldwide.Although previous studies have shown that chemokines system may be a player in pathogenesis of diabetic eye disease, it is unclear which chemokines play the most important role.To date, there is no meta-analysis which has investigated the role of chemokines in diabetic eye disease.We hope this study will contribute to a better understanding of both the signaling pathways of the chemokines in the pathophysiological process, and more reliable therapeutic targets for diabetic eye disease. METHODS Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library systematically searched for relevant studies from inception to Sep 1, 2023. A random-effect model was used and standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to summarize the associated measure between chemokines concentrations and diabetic eye disease. Network meta-analysis to rank chemokines-effect values according to ranked probabilities. RESULTS A total of 33 different chemokines involving 11,465 subjects (6559 cases and 4906 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis showed that concentrations of CC and CXC chemokines in the diabetic eye disease patients were significantly higher than those in the controls. Moreover, network meta-analysis showed that the effect of CCL8, CCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL10 were ranked highest in terms of probabilities. Concentrations of CCL8, CCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL10 may be associated with diabetic eye disease, especially in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that CCL2 and CXCL8 may play key roles in pathogenesis of diabetic eye disease. Future research should explore putative mechanisms underlying these links, with the commitment to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic for diabetic eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410007.
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xinrui Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Judy McDonald
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yuyao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feizhao Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410007
| | - Kunyan Zhao
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yunlong Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Waithe OY, Shaji CA, Childs EW, Tharakan B. Determination of Blood-Brain Barrier Hyperpermeability Using Intravital Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:117-127. [PMID: 37776453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit unique properties, termed the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB allows these blood vessels to tightly regulate the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB is held together by tight junctions of the neighboring endothelial cells of the barrier, more specifically by tight junction proteins (TJPs) which can take the form of either integral transmembrane proteins or accessory cytoplasmic membrane proteins. BBB permeability can furthermore be affected by various factors, including but not limited to TJP expression, size, shape, charge, and type of extravascular molecules, as well as the nature of the vascular beds. The BBB is essential for the proper maintenance of CNS function, and its structural integrity has been implicated in several disorders and conditions. For instance, it has been shown that in the cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), TBI-associated edema, and increased intracranial pressure are primarily caused by cases of hyperpermeability seen because of BBB dysfunction. Intravital microscopy is one of the most reliable methods for measuring BBB hyperpermeability in rodent models of BBB dysfunction in vivo. Here, we describe the surgical and imaging methods to determine the changes in BBB permeability at the level of the pial microvasculature in a mouse model of TBI using intravital microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'lisa Yaa Waithe
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Waithe OY, Peng X, Childs EW, Tharakan B. Measurement of Blood-Brain Barrier Hyperpermeability Using Evans Blue Extravasation Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:177-184. [PMID: 37776457 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and hyperpermeability have been implicated in a myriad of brain pathologies. The Evans Blue assay is one of the most popular methods for studying BBB integrity and permeability in rodent models of brain disorders. Under normal physiological conditions, the BBB is impermeable to albumin, so Evans Blue when injected intravenously binds to serum albumin and remains restricted within blood vessels. In traumatic and ischemic injuries, and other brain pathologies that result in BBB hyperpermeability, neighboring endothelial cells partially lose their close contacts to each other, and the BBB becomes permeable to proteins such as albumin. This paracellular leak of Evans blue-bound albumin is considered a reliable indicator of BBB dysfunction and hyperpermeability. Here, we describe the procedures for the evaluation of BBB integrity and hyperpermeability using Evans Blue extravasation assay in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. The method described here focuses on intravenous injection of Evans Blue followed by Evans Blue dye extraction. This is followed by the measurement of fluorescence intensity of Evans Blue to determine the dye extravasation as a direct indicator of BBB hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'lisa Yaa Waithe
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Mauro AK, Clemente L, Khurshid N, Shah DM, Zheng J, Boeldt DS. Src kinase partially mediates cytokine-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pregnancy Hypertens 2023; 34:83-89. [PMID: 37864990 PMCID: PMC10873000 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial dysfunction is known to be a key characteristic of preeclampsia (PE) and can contribute to progression of symptoms and injury to multiple organ systems. Delivery is the only treatment for progression of PE, but development of an endothelial-based therapy for PE presents a promising strategy. Growth factors and cytokines are dysregulated in PE and can impact endothelial function, manifesting changes in Ca2+ signaling and interruptions in monolayer barrier function that contribute to symptoms of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. In this study, we highlight Src kinase as a partial mediator of growth factor and cytokine mediated endothelial dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging and Electrical Cell Impedance Sensing (ECIS) assays are performed on growth factor or cytokine exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Inhibitors to MEK/ERK (U0126) or Src (PP2) are used to determine the contribution of kinase signaling pathways. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Decreases in HUVEC Ca2+ signaling or monolayer resistance measure endothelial dysfunction. Reversal of endothelial dysfunction by kinase inhibitors reveals the respective contibutions of MEK/ERK and Src kinase. RESULTS We show that Src inhibition protects Ca2+ signaling responses against insults induced by VEGF165, bFGF, PlGF, TNFα, and IL-1β. Additionally, we show that Src inhibition protects the endothelial monolayer from the full impact of TNFα insult. Further, we find that MEK/ERK inhibition does not offer protection from growth factor-mediated endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest cytokine and growth factor-stimulated Src kinase plays a partial role on promoting endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Mauro
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Luca Clemente
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Nauman Khurshid
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Dinesh M Shah
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Derek S Boeldt
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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Xue S, Zhou X, Yang ZH, Si XK, Sun X. Stroke-induced damage on the blood-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248970. [PMID: 37840921 PMCID: PMC10569696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional phenotype exhibited by the neurovascular unit (NVU). It is maintained and regulated by the interaction between cellular and non-cellular matrix components of the NVU. The BBB plays a vital role in maintaining the dynamic stability of the intracerebral microenvironment as a barrier layer at the critical interface between the blood and neural tissues. The large contact area (approximately 20 m2/1.3 kg brain) and short diffusion distance between neurons and capillaries allow endothelial cells to dominate the regulatory role. The NVU is a structural component of the BBB. Individual cells and components of the NVU work together to maintain BBB stability. One of the hallmarks of acute ischemic stroke is the disruption of the BBB, including impaired function of the tight junction and other molecules, as well as increased BBB permeability, leading to brain edema and a range of clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the cellular composition of the BBB and describes the protein composition of the barrier functional junction complex and the mechanisms regulating acute ischemic stroke-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Vielmuth F, Radeva MY, Yeruva S, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin-mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14006. [PMID: 37243909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome-related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin-mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A- and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin-mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin-mediated binding is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hsiao MY, Liao D, Xiang G, Zhong P. Intercellular Calcium Waves and Permeability Change Induced by Vertically Deployed Surface Acoustic Waves in a Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell Line (hCMEC/D3) Monolayer. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1153-1163. [PMID: 36764884 PMCID: PMC10050144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening with microbubbles has been widely employed, while recent studies also indicate the possibility that ultrasound alone can open the BBB through a direct mechanical effect. However, the exact mechanisms through which ultrasound interacts with the BBB and whether it can directly trigger intracellular signaling and a permeability change in the BBB endothelium remain unclear. METHODS Vertically deployed surface acoustic waves (VD-SAWs) were applied on a human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) monolayer using a 33-MHz interdigital transducer that exerts shear stress-predominant stimulation. The intracellular calcium response was measured by fluorescence imaging, and the permeability of the hCMEC/D3 monolayer was assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). DISCUSSION At a certain intensity threshold, VD-SAWs induced an intracellular calcium surge that propagated to adjacent cells as intercellular calcium waves. VD-SAWs induced a TEER decrease in a pulse repetition frequency-dependent manner, thereby suggesting possible involvement of the mechanosensitive ion channels. CONCLUSION The unique VD-SAW system enables more physiological mechanical stimulation of the endothelium monolayer. Moreover, it can be easily combined with other measurement devices, providing a useful platform for further mechanistic studies on ultrasound-mediated BBB opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Hsiao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Defei Liao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gaoming Xiang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pei Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Hellenthal KEM, Brabenec L, Wagner NM. Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121935. [PMID: 35741064 PMCID: PMC9221661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is strictly controlled and highly organ-specific, forming continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries that orchestrate the extravasation of fluids, proteins and solutes to maintain organ homeostasis. In the physiological state, the endothelial barrier is maintained by the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions including adherens and tight junctions. As endothelial cells are constantly sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, their activation by inflammatory stimuli promotes a loss of endothelial barrier function, which has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation, leading to tissue edema formation and hypotension and thus, is a key contributor to lethal outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the major players, such as the angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis, adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin, that substantially contribute to the regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation and elucidate treatment strategies targeting the preservation of vascular integrity.
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Influence of antibiotic therapy on indicators of endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation in acute SARS-CoV-2 lung damage. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Prescribing antibacterial drugs for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection at the outpatient stage is often unreasonable and can also lead to an aggravation of the patient’s condition due to the effect of this group of drugs on the intestinal microflora and lead to other undesirable effects.The aim: to assess the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and indicators of systemic inflammation in patients with moderate viral SARS-CoV-2 lung disease on the background of antibiotic therapy.Materials and methods. 60 patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department with a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 in the age group 44–70 years old were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 26) – patients who did not receive antibacterial drugs at the outpatient stage, group 2 (n = 34) – patients who received antibiotic therapy. The control group was also selected (n = 20). Patients underwent a study of the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), ferritin and C-reactive protein in the peripheral blood.Results. In the group of patients with new coronavirus infection who were admitted to the inpatient stage of treatment and received antibacterial therapy at the outpatient stage, a significantly higher levels of LBP – 37.3 [13.8; 50.4] µg/ml (p˂0.05) and ferritin – 276.00 [184.00; 463.00] µg/ml (p˂0.05) were revealed, compared with group 1 and the control group.Conclusions. In the group of patients who received antibiotic therapy at the outpatient stage, a significantly higher level of LBP was revealed compared to the group in which this group of drugs was not used. These results indicate the possible impact of uncontrolled and early intake of antibacterial drugs on the gut microbiome and intestinal permeability, and also prove the need for a more responsible approach to the choice of starting therapy for new coronavirus infection.
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Dankwa S, Dols MM, Wei L, Glennon EKK, Kain HS, Kaushansky A, Smith JD. Exploiting polypharmacology to dissect host kinases and kinase inhibitors that modulate endothelial barrier integrity. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1679-1692.e4. [PMID: 34216546 PMCID: PMC8688180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors are promising drugs to stabilize the endothelial barrier following inflammatory damage. However, our limited knowledge of how kinase signaling activates barrier-restorative pathways and the complexity of multi-target drugs have hindered drug discovery and repurposing efforts. Here, we apply a kinase regression approach that exploits drug polypharmacology to investigate endothelial barrier regulation. A screen of 28 kinase inhibitors identified multiple inhibitors that promote endothelial barrier integrity and revealed divergent barrier phenotypes for BCR-ABL drugs. Target deconvolution predicted 50 barrier-regulating kinases from diverse kinase families. Using gene knockdowns, we identified kinases with a role in endothelial barrier regulation and dissected different mechanisms of action of barrier-protective kinase inhibitors. These results demonstrate the importance of polypharmacology in the endothelial barrier phenotype of kinase inhibitors and provide promising new leads for barrier-strengthening therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mary-Margaret Dols
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heather S Kain
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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12
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Shen Y, Ding W. Therapeutic Hypothermia Mitigates the Sepsis-Increased Permeability in EA. hy926 Cells by Preserving Rap1 Expression. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2021; 11:201-207. [PMID: 33709787 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2020.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect and potential mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on the permeability of septic cells. Human EA. hy926 cells were transfected with, or without, control or ras-proximate-1 (Rap1)-specific siRNA and treated with 2 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were cultured in normal temperature (NT) or a temporary TH for 10 hours. The cellular permeability of each group of cells was determined by transwell permeability assay. The relative levels of Rap1, RhoA (a small GTP enzyme of the Rho family), VE-cadherin expression, and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were quantified by Western blot and immunofluorescent assays. Compared with the control group, LPS stimulation increased cellular permeability in EA. hy926 cells under an NT condition, but significantly mitigated by TH. The effect of TH decreased after Rap1 silencing. Furthermore, LPS upregulated RhoA expression and MLC phosphorylation, but reduced Rap1 and VE-cadherin expression, which were also enhanced by Rap1 silencing, but significantly mitigated by TH. Immunofluorescent analyses indicated that LPS significantly increased phosphorylated MLC, but decreased VE-cadherin expression, which were further deteriorated by Rap1 silencing, but significantly mitigated by TH in EA. hy926 cells. TH significantly mitigated the sepsis-increased permeability of EA. hy926 cells by enhancing the Rap1 expression to attenuate the RhoA/MLC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Shen
- Department of Burns, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Guo X, Eitnier RA, Beard RS, Meegan JE, Yang X, Aponte AM, Wang F, Nelson PR, Wu MH. Focal adhesion kinase and Src mediate microvascular hyperpermeability caused by fibrinogen- γC- terminal fragments. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231739. [PMID: 32352989 PMCID: PMC7192500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We previously reported microvascular leakage resulting from fibrinogen-γ chain C-terminal products (γC) occurred via a RhoA-dependent mechanism. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the signaling mechanism by which γC induces endothelial hyperpermeability. Since it is known that γC binds and activates endothelial αvβ3, a transmembrane integrin receptor involved in intracellular signaling mediated by the tyrosine kinases FAK and Src, we hypothesized that γC alters endothelial barrier function by activating the FAK-Src pathway leading to junction dissociation and RhoA driven cytoskeletal stress-fiber formation. Methods and results Using intravital microscopy of rat mesenteric microvessels, we show increased extravasation of plasma protein (albumin) resulting from γC administration. In addition, capillary fluid filtration coefficient (Kfc) indicated γC-induced elevated lung vascular permeability. Furthermore, γC decreased transendothelial barrier resistance in a time-dependent and dose-related fashion in cultured rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVECs), accompanied by increased FAK/Src phosphorylation detection by western blot. Experiments with pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of FAK showed significantly reduced γC-induced albumin and fluid leakage across microvessels, stress-fiber formation, VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, and improved γC-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, indicating the involvement of FAK in γC mediated hyperpermeability. Comparable results were found when Src was targeted in a similar manner, however inhibition of FAK prevented Src activation, suggesting that FAK is upstream of Src in γC-mediated hyperpermeability. In addition, γC-induced cytoskeletal stress-fiber formation was attenuated during inhibition or silencing of these tyrosine kinases, concomitantly with RhoA inhibition. Conclusion The FAK-Src pathway contributes to γC-induced microvascular barrier dysfunction, junction protein phosphorylation and disorganization in a manner that involves RhoA and stress-fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Eitnier
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Beard
- Department of Biomolecular Research, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Aponte
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Salvianolate lyophilized injection (SLI) strengthens blood-brain barrier function related to ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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16
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Klomp JE, Shaaya M, Matsche J, Rebiai R, Aaron JS, Collins KB, Huyot V, Gonzalez AM, Muller WA, Chew TL, Malik AB, Karginov AV. Time-Variant SRC Kinase Activation Determines Endothelial Permeability Response. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1081-1094.e6. [PMID: 31130521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the current model of endothelial barrier regulation, the tyrosine kinase SRC is purported to induce disassembly of endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) via phosphorylation of VE cadherin, and thereby increase junctional permeability. Here, using a chemical biology approach to temporally control SRC activation, we show that SRC exerts distinct time-variant effects on the endothelial barrier. We discovered that the immediate effect of SRC activation was to transiently enhance endothelial barrier function as the result of accumulation of VE cadherin at AJs and formation of morphologically distinct reticular AJs. Endothelial barrier enhancement via SRC required phosphorylation of VE cadherin at Y731. In contrast, prolonged SRC activation induced VE cadherin phosphorylation at Y685, resulting in increased endothelial permeability. Thus, time-variant SRC activation differentially phosphorylates VE cadherin and shapes AJs to fine-tune endothelial barrier function. Our work demonstrates important advantages of synthetic biology tools in dissecting complex signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rima Rebiai
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kerrie B Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Annette M Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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17
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Gao S, Wake H, Gao Y, Wang D, Mori S, Liu K, Teshigawara K, Takahashi H, Nishibori M. Histidine-rich glycoprotein ameliorates endothelial barrier dysfunction through regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2808-2824. [PMID: 31093964 PMCID: PMC6609555 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Microvascular barrier breakdown is a hallmark of sepsis that is associated with sepsis‐induced multiorgan failure. Histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75‐kDa plasma protein that was demonstrated to improve the survival of septic mice through regulation of cell shape, spontaneous ROS production in neutrophils, and adhesion of neutrophils to vascular endothelial cells. We investigated HRG's role in the LPS/TNF‐α‐induced barrier dysfunction of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanism, to clarify the definitive roles of HRG in sepsis. Experimental Approach EA.hy 926 endothelial cells were pretreated with HRG or human serum albumin before stimulation with LPS/TNF‐α. A variety of biochemical assays were applied to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms on how HRG protected the barrier function of vascular endothelium. Key Results Immunostaining results showed that HRG maintains the endothelial monolayer integrity by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization, losses of VE‐cadherin and β‐catenin, focal adhesion kinase degradation, and cell detachment induced by LPS/TNF‐α. HRG also inhibited the cytokine secretion from endothelial cells induced by LPS/TNF‐α, which was associated with reduced NF‐κB activation. Moreover, HRG effectively prevented the LPS/TNF‐α‐induced increase in capillary permeability in vitro and in vivo. Finally, Western blot results demonstrated that HRG prevented the phosphorylation of MAPK family and RhoA activation, which are involved mainly in the regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization and barrier permeability. Conclusions and Implications Taken together, our results demonstrate that HRG has protective effects on vascular barrier function in vitro and in vivo, which may be due to the inhibition of MAPK family and Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Yang WC, Wang Q, Chi LT, Wang YZ, Cao HL, Li WZ. Therapeutic hypercapnia reduces blood-brain barrier damage possibly via protein kinase Cε in rats with lateral fluid percussion injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:36. [PMID: 30760300 PMCID: PMC6375143 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated whether therapeutic hypercapnia (TH) ameliorated blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage and improved the neurologic outcome in a rat model of lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI), and explored the possible underlying mechanism. Methods Rats underwent lateral FPI and received inhalation of 30%O2–70%N2 or 30%O2–N2 plus CO2 to maintain arterial blood CO2 tension (PaCO2) between 80 and 100 mmHg for 3 h. To further explore the possible mechanisms for the protective effects of TH, a PKC inhibitor staurosporine or PKCαβ inhibitor GÖ6976 was administered via intracerebral ventricular injection. Results TH significantly improved neurological function 24 h, 48 h, 7 d, and 14 d after FPI. The wet/dry ratio, computed tomography values, Evans blue content, and histological lesion volume were significantly reduced by TH. Moreover, numbers of survived neurons and the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5) were significantly elevated after TH treatment at 48-h post-FPI. TH significantly increased the expression of protein kinase Cε (PKCε) at 48-h post-FPI, but did not significantly change the expression of PKCα and PKCβII. PKC inhibitor staurosporine (but not the selective PKCαβ inhibitor-GÖ6976) inhibited the protective effect of TH. Conclusions Therapeutic hypercapnia is a promising candidate that should be further evaluated for clinical treatment. It not only protects the traumatic penumbra from secondary injury and improves histological structure but also maintains the integrity of BBB and reduces neurologic deficits after trauma in a rat model of FPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lai-Ting Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Ling Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, China.
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19
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Richard S Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Tampa, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shaquria P Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Tang Y, Soroush F, Sun S, Liverani E, Langston JC, Yang Q, Kilpatrick LE, Kiani MF. Protein kinase C-delta inhibition protects blood-brain barrier from sepsis-induced vascular damage. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:309. [PMID: 30400800 PMCID: PMC6220469 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation often develops in sepsis leading to activation of cerebral endothelium, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and neutrophil infiltration. We have identified protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) as a critical regulator of the inflammatory response and demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition of PKCδ by a peptide inhibitor (PKCδ-i) protected endothelial cells, decreased sepsis-mediated neutrophil influx into the lung, and prevented tissue damage. The objective of this study was to elucidate the regulation and relative contribution of PKCδ in the control of individual steps in neuroinflammation during sepsis. Methods The role of PKCδ in mediating human brain microvascular endothelial (HBMVEC) permeability, junctional protein expression, and leukocyte adhesion and migration was investigated in vitro using our novel BBB on-a-chip (B3C) microfluidic assay and in vivo in a rat model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). HBMVEC were cultured under flow in the vascular channels of B3C. Confocal imaging and staining were used to confirm tight junction and lumen formation. Confluent HBMVEC were pretreated with TNF-α (10 U/ml) for 4 h in the absence or presence of PKCδ-i (5 μM) to quantify neutrophil adhesion and migration in the B3C. Permeability was measured using a 40-kDa fluorescent dextran in vitro and Evans blue dye in vivo. Results During sepsis, PKCδ is activated in the rat brain resulting in membrane translocation, a step that is attenuated by treatment with PKCδ-i. Similarly, TNF-α-mediated activation of PKCδ and its translocation in HBMVEC are attenuated by PKCδ-i in vitro. PKCδ inhibition significantly reduced TNF-α-mediated hyperpermeability and TEER decrease in vitro in activated HBMVEC and rat brain in vivo 24 h after CLP induced sepsis. TNF-α-treated HBMVEC showed interrupted tight junction expression, whereas continuous expression of tight junction protein was observed in non-treated or PKCδ-i-treated cells. PKCδ inhibition also reduced TNF-α-mediated neutrophil adhesion and migration across HBMVEC in B3C. Interestingly, while PKCδ inhibition decreased the number of adherent neutrophils to baseline (no-treatment group), it significantly reduced the number of migrated neutrophils below the baseline, suggesting a critical role of PKCδ in regulating neutrophil transmigration. Conclusions The BBB on-a-chip (B3C) in vitro assay is suitable for the study of BBB function as well as screening of novel therapeutics in real-time. PKCδ activation is a key signaling event that alters the structural and functional integrity of BBB leading to vascular damage and inflammation-induced tissue damage. PKCδ-TAT peptide inhibitor has therapeutic potential for the prevention or reduction of cerebrovascular injury in sepsis-induced vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Fariborz Soroush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Shuang Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jordan C Langston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Qingliang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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21
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Glennon EKK, Dankwa S, Smith JD, Kaushansky A. Opportunities for Host-targeted Therapies for Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:843-860. [PMID: 30122551 PMCID: PMC6168423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent successes of artemisinin-based antimalarial drugs, many still die from severe malaria, and eradication efforts are hindered by the limited drugs currently available to target transmissible gametocyte parasites and liver-resident dormant Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites. Host-targeted therapy is a new direction for infectious disease drug development and aims to interfere with host molecules, pathways, or networks that are required for infection or that contribute to disease. Recent advances in our understanding of host pathways involved in parasite development and pathogenic mechanisms in severe malaria could facilitate the development of host-targeted interventions against Plasmodium infection and malaria disease. This review discusses new opportunities for host-targeted therapeutics for malaria and the potential to harness drug polypharmacology to simultaneously target multiple host pathways using a single drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Laboratory, Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; These authors made an equal contribution
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; These authors made an equal contribution
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Laboratory, Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Laboratory, Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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22
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Meegan JE, Yang X, Beard RS, Jannaway M, Chatterjee V, Taylor-Clark TE, Yuan SY. Citrullinated histone 3 causes endothelial barrier dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1498-1502. [PMID: 30029877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), especially histones, are associated with tissue injury during inflammatory conditions like sepsis. Commonly used as a NET biomarker, citrullinated histone 3 (H3Cit) may also functionally contribute to the NET-associated inflammatory response. To this end, we sought to examine the role of H3Cit in mediating microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction. Here we show that H3Cit can directly contribute to inflammatory injury by disrupting the microvascular endothelial barrier. We found that endothelial responses to H3Cit are characterized by cell-cell adherens junction opening and cytoskeleton reorganization with increased F-actin stress fibers. Several signaling pathways often implicated in the transduction of hyperpermeability, such as Rho and MLCK, did not appear to play a major role; however, the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin blocked the endothelial barrier effect of H3Cit. Taken together, the data suggest that H3Cit-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction may hold promise to treat inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard S Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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23
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Zhu H. ATRA improves endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic rabbits by decreasing CAV‑1 expression and enhancing eNOS activity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6796-6802. [PMID: 29488619 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of all‑trans‑retinoic acid (ATRA) against atherosclerosis (AS). Rabbits were randomly allocated for standard or high‑fat diet with or without ATRA. After 12 weeks, the aortic rings of the rabbits were removed. Endothelium‑dependent relaxation (EDR) induced by acetylcholine and non‑endothelium‑dependent relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside in the thoracic aorta were evaluated. NO level and eNOS activity were measured according to the protocol of NO and eNOS ELISA kits. The permeability and morphology of the arterial walls were identified by immunofluorescence and H&E staining respectively. The expression of caveolin‑1 (CAV‑1) and occludin was analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The EDR function was significantly reduced in the AS rabbits compared with the normal group, however it was elevated following treatment with ATRA. The eNOS activity and NO level were reduced in the AS group, however were notably increased following oral administration of ATRA. There was an enhancement of endothelial permeability in the AS group compared with the normal group, which decreased following ATRA treatment. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis identified an increase in occludin expression after treatment with ATRA, in contrast to CAV‑1 expression under the same conditions. ATRA is able to ameliorate high‑fat‑induced AS in rabbits, which is mediated through the activation of eNOS and downregulating CAV‑1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Rho SS, Ando K, Fukuhara S. Dynamic Regulation of Vascular Permeability by Vascular Endothelial Cadherin-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions. J NIPPON MED SCH 2018; 84:148-159. [PMID: 28978894 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.84.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining blood vessels regulate vascular barrier function, which controls the passage of plasma proteins and circulating cells across the endothelium. In most normal adult tissues, endothelial cells preserve basal vascular permeability at a low level, while they increase permeability in response to inflammation. Therefore, vascular permeability is tightly controlled by a number of extracellular stimuli and mediators to maintain tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, impaired regulation of endothelial permeability causes various diseases, including chronic inflammation, asthma, edema, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, anaphylaxis, tumor angiogenesis, and diabetic retinopathy. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, a member of the classical cadherin superfamily, is a component of cell-to-cell adherens junctions in endothelial cells and plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability. VE-cadherin mediates intercellular adhesion through trans-interactions formed by its extracellular domain, while its cytoplasmic domain is anchored to the actin cytoskeleton via α- and β-catenins, leading to stabilization of VE-cadherin at cell-cell junctions. VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions are dynamically, but tightly, controlled by mechanisms that involve protein phosphorylation and reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, and its associated-catenins, results in dissociation of the VE-cadherin/catenin complex and internalization of VE-cadherin, leading to increased vascular permeability. Furthermore, reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton by Rap1, a small GTPase that belongs to the Ras subfamily, and Rho family small GTPases, regulates VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions to control vascular permeability. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms that enable dynamic regulation of VE-cadherin adhesions and vascular permeability. In addition, we discuss the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the signaling pathways controlling VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in diseases associated with vascular hyper-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sik Rho
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
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Alluri H, Shaji CA, Davis ML, Tharakan B. A Mouse Controlled Cortical Impact Model of Traumatic Brain Injury for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunctions. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1717:37-52. [PMID: 29468582 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7526-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. It is a silently growing epidemic with multifaceted pathogenesis, and current standards of treatments aim to target only the symptoms of the primary injury, while there is a tremendous need to explore interventions that can halt the progression of the secondary injuries. The use of a reliable animal model to study and understand the various aspects the pathobiology of TBI is extremely important in therapeutic drug development against TBI-associated complications. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI described here, uses a mechanical impactor to inflict a mechanical injury into the mouse brain. This method is a reliable and reproducible approach to inflict mild, moderate or severe injuries to the animal for studying TBI-associated blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunctions, neuronal injuries, brain edema, neurobehavioral changes, etc. The present method describes how the CCI model could be utilized for determining the BBB dysfunction and hyperpermeability associated with TBI. Blood-brain barrier disruption is a hallmark feature of the secondary injury that occur following TBI, frequently associated with leakage of fluid and proteins into the extravascular space leading to vasogenic edema and elevation of intracranial pressure. The method described here focuses on the development of a CCI-based mouse model of TBI followed by the evaluation of BBB integrity and permeability by intravital microscopy as well as Evans Blue extravasation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himakarnika Alluri
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Matthew L Davis
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA.
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Rahimi N. Defenders and Challengers of Endothelial Barrier Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1847. [PMID: 29326721 PMCID: PMC5741615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated vascular permeability is an essential feature of normal physiology and its dysfunction is associated with major human diseases ranging from cancer to inflammation and ischemic heart diseases. Integrity of endothelial cells also play a prominent role in the outcome of surgical procedures and organ transplant. Endothelial barrier function and integrity are regulated by a plethora of highly specialized transmembrane receptors, including claudin family proteins, occludin, junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and the newly identified immunoglobulin (Ig) and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) through various distinct mechanisms and signaling. On the other hand, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, VEGF receptor-2, play a central role in the destabilization of endothelial barrier function. While claudins and occludin regulate cell-cell junction via recruitment of zonula occludens (ZO), cadherins via catenin proteins, and JAMs via ZO and afadin, IGPR-1 recruits bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 [also called dystonin (DST) and SH3 protein interacting with Nck90/WISH (SH3 protein interacting with Nck)]. Endothelial barrier function is moderated by the function of transmembrane receptors and signaling events that act to defend or destabilize it. Here, I highlight recent advances that have provided new insights into endothelial barrier function and mechanisms involved. Further investigation of these mechanisms could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for human diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Lautenschläger I, Wong YL, Sarau J, Goldmann T, Zitta K, Albrecht M, Frerichs I, Weiler N, Uhlig S. Signalling mechanisms in PAF-induced intestinal failure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13382. [PMID: 29042668 PMCID: PMC5645457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary leakage syndrome, vasomotor disturbances and gut atony are common clinical problems in intensive care medicine. Various inflammatory mediators and signalling pathways are involved in these pathophysiological alterations among them platelet-activating factor (PAF). The related signalling mechanisms of the PAF-induced dysfunctions are only poorly understood. Here we used the model of the isolated perfused rat small intestine to analyse the role of calcium (using calcium deprivation, IP-receptor blockade (2-APB)), cAMP (PDE-inhibition plus AC activator), myosin light chain kinase (inhibitor ML-7) and Rho-kinase (inhibitor Y27632) in the following PAF-induced malfunctions: vasoconstriction, capillary and mucosal leakage, oedema formation, malabsorption and atony. Among these, the PAF-induced vasoconstriction and hyperpermeability appear to be governed by similar mechanisms that involve IP3 receptors, extracellular calcium and the Rho-kinase. Our findings further suggest that cAMP-elevating treatments - while effective against hypertension and oedema - bear the risk of dysmotility and reduced nutrient uptake. Agents such as 2-APB or Y27632, on the other hand, showed no negative side effects and improved most of the PAF-induced malfunctions suggesting that their therapeutic usefulness should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Lautenschläger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yuk Lung Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Sarau
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostic, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Ledee D, Kang MA, Kajimoto M, Purvine S, Brewer H, Pasa-Tolic L, Portman MA. Quantitative cardiac phosphoproteomics profiling during ischemia-reperfusion in an immature swine model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H125-H137. [PMID: 28455290 PMCID: PMC5538860 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00842.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) results in altered metabolic and molecular responses, and phosphorylation is one of the most noted regulatory mechanisms mediating signaling mechanisms during physiological stresses. To expand our knowledge of the potential phosphoproteomic changes in the myocardium during I/R, we used Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation-based analyses in left ventricular samples obtained from porcine hearts under control or I/R conditions. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006066. We identified 1,896 phosphopeptides within left ventricular control and I/R porcine samples. Significant differential phosphorylation between control and I/R groups was discovered in 111 phosphopeptides from 86 proteins. Analysis of the phosphopeptides using Motif-x identified five motifs: (..R..S..), (..SP..), (..S.S..), (..S…S..), and (..S.T..). Semiquantitative immunoblots confirmed site location and directional changes in phosphorylation for phospholamban and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1, two proteins known to be altered by I/R and identified by this study. Novel phosphorylation sites associated with I/R were also identified. Functional characterization of the phosphopeptides identified by our methodology could expand our understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved during I/R damage in the heart as well as identify new areas to target therapeutic strategies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation technology to investigate the phosphoproteomic changes that occur in cardiac tissue under ischemia-reperfusion conditions. The results of this study provide an extensive catalog of phosphoproteins, both predicted and novel, associated with ischemia-reperfusion, thereby identifying new pathways for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolena Ledee
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Min A Kang
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Masaki Kajimoto
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel Purvine
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; and
| | - Heather Brewer
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; and
| | - Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; and
| | - Michael A Portman
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Masciantonio MG, Lee CKS, Arpino V, Mehta S, Gill SE. The Balance Between Metalloproteinases and TIMPs: Critical Regulator of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Function in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:101-131. [PMID: 28413026 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC), especially the microvascular EC (MVEC), have critical functions in health and disease. For example, healthy MVEC provide a barrier between the fluid and protein found within the blood, and the surrounding tissue. Following tissue injury or infection, the microvascular barrier is often disrupted due to activation and dysfunction of the MVEC. Multiple mechanisms promote MVEC activation and dysfunction, including stimulation by cytokines, mechanical interaction with activated leukocytes, and exposure to harmful leukocyte-derived molecules, which collectively result in a loss of MVEC barrier function. However, MVEC activation is also critical to facilitate recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes, into the injured or infected tissue. Metalloproteinases, including the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the closely related, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), have been implicated in regulating both MVEC barrier function, through cleavage of adherens and tight junctions proteins between adjacent MVEC and through degradation of the extracellular matrix, as well as PMN-MVEC interaction, through shedding of cell surface PMN receptors. Moreover, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which collectively inhibit most MMPs and ADAMs, are critical regulators of MVEC activation and dysfunction through their ability to inhibit metalloproteinases and thereby promote MVEC stability. However, TIMPs have been also found to modulate MVEC function through metalloproteinase-independent mechanisms, such as regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. This chapter is focused on examining the role of the metalloproteinases and TIMPs in regulation of MVEC function in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello G Masciantonio
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher K S Lee
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Arpino
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mehta
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sean E Gill
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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PKC mediated phosphorylation of TIMAP regulates PP1c activity and endothelial barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:431-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kumar S, Sun X, Noonepalle SK, Lu Q, Zemskov E, Wang T, Aggarwal S, Gross C, Sharma S, Desai AA, Hou Y, Dasarathy S, Qu N, Reddy V, Lee SG, Cherian-Shaw M, Yuan JXJ, Catravas JD, Rafikov R, Garcia JGN, Black SM. Hyper-activation of pp60 Src limits nitric oxide signaling by increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine levels during acute lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:217-228. [PMID: 27838434 PMCID: PMC5449193 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which the endothelial barrier becomes compromised during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated acute lung injury (ALI) are still unresolved. We have previously reported that the disruption of the endothelial barrier is due, at least in part, to the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of RhoA. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LPS induces eNOS uncoupling during ALI. Exposure of pulmonary endothelial cells (PAEC) to LPS increased pp60Src activity and this correlated with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production, but also an increase in NOS derived superoxide, peroxynitrite formation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels. These effects could be simulated by the over-expression of a constitutively active pp60Src (Y527FSrc) mutant and attenuated by over-expression of dominant negative pp60Src mutant or reducing pp60Src expression. LPS induces both RhoA nitration and endothelial barrier disruption and these events were attenuated when pp60Src expression was reduced. Endothelial NOS uncoupling correlated with an increase in the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in both LPS exposed and Y527FSrc over-expressing PAEC. The effects in PAEC were also recapitulated when we transiently over-expressed Y527FSrc in the mouse lung. Finally, we found that the pp60-Src-mediated decrease in DDAH activity was mediated by the phosphorylation of DDAH II at Y207 and that a Y207F mutant DDAH II was resistant to pp60Src-mediated inhibition. We conclude that pp60Src can directly inhibit DDAH II and this is involved in the increased ADMA levels that enhance eNOS uncoupling during the development of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yali Hou
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sridevi Dasarathy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sung Gon Lee
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John D Catravas
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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32
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Gündüz D, Tanislav C, Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Hamm C, Aslam M. Effect of ticagrelor on endothelial calcium signalling and barrier function. Thromb Haemost 2016; 117:371-381. [PMID: 27904901 DOI: 10.1160/th16-04-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The P2Y12 receptor is a Gi-coupled receptor whose activation inhibits adenylyl cyclase and thereby reduces the concentration of intracellular cAMP. Here the hypothesis was tested whether AR-C 66096 or ticagrelor, two direct-acting and reversibly binding P2Y12 receptor antagonists, protect endothelial cell (EC) barrier function by raising intracellular cAMP in ECs. The study was carried out on primary human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and human pulmonary microvascular ECs (hPMECs). AR-C66096 (10 µM) induced a 50 % increase in cAMP in ECs whereas ticagrelor (2-10 µM) had no effect. Likewise, AR-C666096 antagonised thrombin-induced hyperpermeability in both HUVECs and hPMECs, but ticagrelor had no effect on basal EC monolayer permeability. Ticagrelor, however, sensitised ECs for thrombin-induced hyperpermeability and potentiated the thrombin effect. Ticagrelor but not AR-C66096 caused an increase in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i). This increase in [Ca2+]i was abrogated by LaCl3 (Ca2+ influx inhibitor) but not by xestospongin C (IP3 receptor antagonist) or by depletion of intracellular stores with thapsigargin, suggesting a Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. Accordingly, ticagrelor caused an increase in myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, an important regulator of EC contractile machinery and thus permeability, which was abrogated by LaCl3. The ability of ticagrelor to potentiate EC permeability was abrogated by a MLC kinase inhibitor (ML-7; 10 µM). Our data demonstrate that the P2Y12 receptor antagonist AR-C66096 exerts a protective effect on ECs in vitro, possibly by raising intracellular cAMP, whereas ticagrelor sensitises EC barrier function by inducing Ca2+ influx and activating downstream EC contractile machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Aslam
- PD Dr. Muhammad Aslam, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tel.: +49 641 99 42248, Fax: +49 641 99 42259, E-mail:
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Barabutis N, Verin A, Catravas JD. Regulation of pulmonary endothelial barrier function by kinases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L832-L845. [PMID: 27663990 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00233.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium is the target of continuous physiological and pathological stimuli that affect its crucial barrier function. The regulation, defense, and repair of endothelial barrier function require complex biochemical processes. This review examines the role of endothelial phosphorylating enzymes, kinases, a class with profound, interdigitating influences on endothelial permeability and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, .,School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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Beard RS, Yang X, Meegan JE, Overstreet JW, Yang CG, Elliott JA, Reynolds JJ, Cha BJ, Pivetti CD, Mitchell DA, Wu MH, Deschenes RJ, Yuan SY. Palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC21 mediates endothelial dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12823. [PMID: 27653213 PMCID: PMC5036164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of systemic inflammatory response underlying multiple organ failure. Here we report a novel function of DHHC-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) in mediating endothelial inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition of PATs attenuates barrier leakage and leucocyte adhesion induced by endothelial junction hyperpermeability and ICAM-1 expression during inflammation. Among 11 DHHCs detected in vascular endothelium, DHHC21 is required for barrier response. Mice with DHHC21 function deficiency (Zdhhc21dep/dep) exhibit marked resistance to injury, characterized by reduced plasma leakage, decreased leucocyte adhesion and ameliorated lung pathology, culminating in improved survival. Endothelial cells from Zdhhc21dep/dep display blunted barrier dysfunction and leucocyte adhesion, whereas leucocytes from these mice did not show altered adhesiveness. Furthermore, inflammation enhances PLCβ1 palmitoylation and signalling activity, effects significantly reduced in Zdhhc21dep/dep and rescued by DHHC21 overexpression. Likewise, overexpression of wild-type, not mutant, PLCβ1 augments barrier dysfunction. Altogether, these data suggest the involvement of DHHC21-mediated PLCβ1 palmitoylation in endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Overstreet
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Clement G.Y. Yang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - John A. Elliott
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Jason J. Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Byeong J. Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Christopher D. Pivetti
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - David A. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Robert J. Deschenes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Parker WH, Rhea EM, Qu ZC, Hecker MR, May JM. Intracellular ascorbate tightens the endothelial permeability barrier through Epac1 and the tubulin cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C652-C662. [PMID: 27605450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00076.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, both tightens the endothelial permeability barrier in basal cells and also prevents barrier leak induced by inflammatory agents. Barrier tightening by ascorbate in basal endothelial cells requires nitric oxide derived from activation of nitric oxide synthase. Although ascorbate did not affect cyclic AMP levels in our previous study, there remains a question of whether it might activate downstream cyclic AMP-dependent pathways. In this work, we found in both primary and immortalized cultured endothelial cells that ascorbate tightened the endothelial permeability barrier by ∼30%. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, this occurred at what are likely physiologic intracellular ascorbate concentrations. In so doing, ascorbate decreased measures of oxidative stress and also flattened the cells to increase cell-to-cell contact. Inhibition of downstream cyclic AMP-dependent proteins via protein kinase A did not prevent ascorbate from tightening the endothelial permeability barrier, whereas inhibition of Epac1 did block the ascorbate effect. Although Epac1 was required, its mediator Rap1 was not activated. Furthermore, ascorbate acutely stabilized microtubules during depolymerization induced by colchicine and nocodazole. Over several days in culture, ascorbate also increased the amount of stable acetylated α-tubulin. Microtubule stabilization was further suggested by the finding that ascorbate increased the amount of Epac1 bound to α-tubulin. These results suggest that physiologic ascorbate concentrations tighten the endothelial permeability barrier in unstimulated cells by stabilizing microtubules in a manner downstream of cyclic AMP that might be due both to increasing nitric oxide availability and to scavenging of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Parker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Elizabeth Meredith Rhea
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhi-Chao Qu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Morgan R Hecker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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36
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Xie L, Chiang ET, Wu X, Kelly GT, Kanteti P, Singleton PA, Camp SM, Zhou T, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Wang T, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR. Regulation of Thrombin-Induced Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier Disruption by Protein Kinase C Delta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158865. [PMID: 27442243 PMCID: PMC4956111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase C (PKC) plays a significant role in thrombin-induced loss of endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity; however, the existence of more than 10 isozymes of PKC and tissue-specific isoform expression has limited our understanding of this important second messenger in vascular homeostasis. In this study, we show that PKCδ isoform promotes thrombin-induced loss of human pulmonary artery EC barrier integrity, findings substantiated by PKCδ inhibitory studies (rottlerin), dominant negative PKCδ construct and PKCδ silencing (siRNA). In addition, we identified PKCδ as a signaling mediator upstream of both thrombin-induced MLC phosphorylation and Rho GTPase activation affecting stress fiber formation, cell contraction and loss of EC barrier integrity. Our inhibitor-based studies indicate that thrombin-induced PKCδ activation exerts a positive feedback on Rho GTPase activation and contributes to Rac1 GTPase inhibition. Moreover, PKD (or PKCμ) and CPI-17, two known PKCδ targets, were found to be activated by PKCδ in EC and served as modulators of cytoskeleton rearrangement. These studies clarify the role of PKCδ in EC cytoskeleton regulation, and highlight PKCδ as a therapeutic target in inflammatory lung disorders, characterized by the loss of barrier integrity, such as acute lung injury and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Xie
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eddie T Chiang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Prasad Kanteti
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Steven M Black
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Breslin JW, Daines DA, Doggett TM, Kurtz KH, Souza-Smith FM, Zhang XE, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Rnd3 as a Novel Target to Ameliorate Microvascular Leakage. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003336. [PMID: 27048969 PMCID: PMC4859298 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Microvascular leakage of plasma proteins is a hallmark of inflammation that leads to tissue dysfunction. There are no current therapeutic strategies to reduce microvascular permeability. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of Rnd3, an atypical Rho family GTPase, in the control of endothelial barrier integrity. The potential therapeutic benefit of Rnd3 protein delivery to ameliorate microvascular leakage was also investigated. Methods and Results Using immunofluorescence microscopy, Rnd3 was observed primarily in cytoplasmic areas around the nuclei of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate–albumin and transendothelial electrical resistance of human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers served as indices of barrier function, and RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 activities were determined using G‐LISA assays. Overexpression of Rnd3 significantly reduced the magnitude of thrombin‐induced barrier dysfunction, and abolished thrombin‐induced Rac1 inactivation. Depleting Rnd3 expression with siRNA significantly extended the time course of thrombin‐induced barrier dysfunction and Rac1 inactivation. Time‐lapse microscopy of human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing GFP‐actin showed that co‐expression of mCherry‐Rnd3 attenuated thrombin‐induced reductions in local lamellipodia that accompany endothelial barrier dysfunction. Lastly, a novel Rnd3 protein delivery method reduced microvascular leakage in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, assessed by both intravital microscopic observation of extravasation of fluorescein isothiocyanate–albumin from the mesenteric microcirculation, and direct determination of solute permeability in intact isolated venules. Conclusions The data suggest that Rnd3 can shift the balance of RhoA and Rac1 signaling in endothelial cells. In addition, our findings suggest the therapeutic, anti‐inflammatory potential of delivering Rnd3 to promote endothelial barrier recovery during inflammatory challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Dayle A Daines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Travis M Doggett
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Kristine H Kurtz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xun E Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Wu F, Guo X, Xu J, Wang W, Li B, Huang Q, Su L, Xu Q. Role of myosin light chain and myosin light chain kinase in advanced glycation end product-induced endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro and in vivo. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:137-44. [PMID: 26607798 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115610469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that advanced glycation end products activated Rho-associated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, causing endothelial hyperpermeability. However, the mechanisms involved were not fully clarified. Here, we explored the role of myosin light chain kinase in advanced glycation end product-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Myosin light chain phosphorylation significantly increased by advanced glycation end products in endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, indicating that myosin light chain phosphorylation is involved in the advanced glycation end product pathway. Advanced glycation end products also induced myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation, and small interfering RNA knockdown of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, or blocking myosin light chain kinase with its inhibitor, ML-7, or small interfering RNA abated advanced glycation end product-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation. Advanced glycation end product-induced F-actin rearrangement and endothelial hyperpermeability were also diminished by inhibition of receptor for advanced glycation end product or myosin light chain kinase signalling. Moreover, inhibiting myosin light chain kinase with ML-7 or blocking receptor for advanced glycation end product with its neutralizing antibody attenuated advanced glycation end product-induced microvascular hyperpermeability. Our findings suggest a novel role for myosin light chain and myosin light chain kinase in advanced glycation end product-induced endothelial hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingling Li
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Huabo Bio-Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of ICU, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Xu
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Huabo Bio-Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of ICU, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Jiang Z, Bao C, Mei J, Zhu J. Cardiopulmonary bypass increases pulmonary microvascular permeability through the Src kinase pathway: Involvement of caveolin-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2918-24. [PMID: 26847917 PMCID: PMC4768976 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in pulmonary microvascular permeability following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been established. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the alterations in pulmonary microvascular permeability following CPB and the underlying mechanism. The pulmonary microvascular permeability was measured using Evans Blue dye (EBD) exclusion, and the neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine secretion was investigated. In addition, the activation of Src kinase and the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) was examined. The results revealed that CPB increased pulmonary microvascular leakage, neutrophil count and proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and activated Src kinase. The administration of PP2, an inhibitor of Src kinase, decreased the activation of Src kinase and attenuated the increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability observed following CPB. Two important proteins associated with vascular permeability, caveolin-1 and VE-cadherin, were significantly activated at 24 h in the lung tissues following CPB, which correlated with the alterations in pulmonary microvascular permeability and Src kinase. PP2 administration inhibited their activation, suggesting that they are downstream factors of Src kinase activation. The data indicated that the Src kinase pathway increased pulmonary microvascular permeability following CPB, and the activation of caveolin-1 and VE-cadherin may be involved. Inhibition of this pathway may provide a potential therapy for acute lung injury following cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolei Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chunrong Bao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ju Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jiaquan Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Pichler Hefti J, Leichtle A, Stutz M, Hefti U, Geiser T, Huber AR, Merz TM. Increased endothelial microparticles and oxidative stress at extreme altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:739-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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41
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Thomas A, Daniel Ou-Yang H, Lowe-Krentz L, Muzykantov VR, Liu Y. Biomimetic channel modeling local vascular dynamics of pro-inflammatory endothelial changes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014101. [PMID: 26858813 PMCID: PMC4706543 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and are exposed to various factors like hemodynamic conditions (shear stress, laminar, and turbulent flow), biochemical signals (cytokines), and communication with other cell types (smooth muscle cells, monocytes, platelets, etc.). Blood vessel functions are regulated by interactions among these factors. The occurrence of a pathological condition would lead to localized upregulation of cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial lining of the blood vessel. This process is promoted by circulating cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which leads to expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the endothelial cell surface among other molecules. ICAM-1 is critical in regulating endothelial cell layer dynamic integrity and cytoskeletal remodeling and also mediates direct cell-cell interactions as part of inflammatory responses and wound healing. In this study, we developed a biomimetic blood vessel model by culturing confluent, flow aligned, endothelial cells in a microfluidic platform, and performed real time in situ characterization of flow mediated localized pro-inflammatory endothelial activation. The model mimics the physiological phenomenon of cytokine activation of endothelium from the tissue side and studies the heterogeneity in localized surface ICAM-1 expression and F-actin arrangement. Fluorescent antibody coated particles were used as imaging probes for identifying endothelial cell surface ICAM-1 expression. The binding properties of particles were evaluated under flow for two different particle sizes and antibody coating densities. This allowed the investigation of spatial resolution and accessibility of ICAM-1 molecules expressed on the endothelial cells, along with their sensitivity in receptor-ligand recognition and binding. This work has developed an in vitro blood vessel model that can integrate various heterogeneous factors to effectively mimic a complex endothelial microenvironment and can be potentially applied for relevant blood vessel mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Thomas
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | | | | | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Xu C, Wu X, Hack BK, Bao L, Cunningham PN. TNF causes changes in glomerular endothelial permeability and morphology through a Rho and myosin light chain kinase-dependent mechanism. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12636. [PMID: 26634902 PMCID: PMC4760430 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A key function of the endothelium is to serve as a regulated barrier between tissue compartments. We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a crucial role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute kidney injury, in part by causing injury to the renal endothelium through its receptor TNFR1. Here, we report that TNF increased permeability to albumin in primary culture mouse renal endothelial cells, as well as human glomerular endothelial cells. This process occurred in association with changes in the actin cytoskeleton and was associated with gaps between previously confluent cells in culture and decreases in the tight junction protein occludin. This process was dependent on myosin light chain activation, as seen by its prevention with Rho‐associated kinase and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitors. Surprisingly, permeability was not blocked by inhibition of apoptosis with caspase inhibitors. Additionally, we found that the renal glycocalyx, which plays an important role in barrier function, was also degraded by TNF in a Rho and MLCK dependent fashion. TNF treatment caused a decrease in the size of endothelial fenestrae, dependent on Rho and MLCK, although the relevance of this to changes in permeability is uncertain. In summary, TNF‐induced barrier dysfunction in renal endothelial cells is crucially dependent upon the Rho/MLCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K Hack
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lihua Bao
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patrick N Cunningham
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Zhang C, Liu Q, Dong F, Li L, Du J, Xie Q, Hu H, Yan S, Zhou X, Li C, Lobe CG, Liu J. Catalpol downregulates vascular endothelial‑cadherin expression and induces vascular hyperpermeability. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:373-8. [PMID: 26549479 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridiod glucoside isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, has been reported to possess anti‑inflammatory properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of catalpol on vascular permeability. Using Transwell permeability assays and measurements of trans‑endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), it was demonstrated that 1 mM catalpol induces a significant increase in the permeability of the monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Western blotting and immunofluorescence demonstrated that catalpol inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial (VE)‑cadherin, the key component of adherens junctions, but not occludin, the major constituent of tight junctions. In addition, catalpol inhibits the ETS transcription factor ERG, a positive regulator of VE‑cadherin. Knockdown of ERG expression compromised the catalpol‑induced reduction of TEER in HUVECs. The present study revealed a novel effect of catalpol on vascular permeability and gave insight into the multifaceted roles of catalpol in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qingfa Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Li
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | | | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Liu H, Yu X, Yu S, Kou J. Molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:937-946. [PMID: 26462590 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The confluent pulmonary endothelium plays an important role as a semi-permeable barrier between the vascular space of blood vessels and the underlying tissues, and it contributes to the maintenance of circulatory fluid homeostasis. Pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction is a pivotal early step in the development of a variety of high mortality diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI). Endothelium barrier dysfunction in response to inflammatory or infectious mediators, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is accompanied by invertible cell deformation and interendothelial gap formation. However, specific pharmacological therapies aiming at ameliorating pulmonary endothelial barrier function in patients are still lacking. A full understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of pulmonary endothelial permeability is essential for the development of barrier protective therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review summarizes several important molecular mechanisms involved in LPS-induced changes in pulmonary endothelial barrier function. As for barrier-disruption, the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), RhoA and tyrosine kinases; increase of calcium influx; and apoptosis of the endothelium lead to an elevation of lung endothelial permeability. Additionally, the activation of Rac1, Cdc42, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and adenosine receptors (ARs), as well as the increase of cyclic AMP and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) content, protect against LPS-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, current regulatory factors and strategies against the development of LPS-induced lung endothelial hyper-permeability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Sulan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Cheng X, Wang X, Wan Y, Zhou Q, Zhu H, Wang Y. Myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML7 improves vascular endothelial dysfunction via tight junction regulation in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4109-4116. [PMID: 26096176 PMCID: PMC4526030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is an important factor in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies have demonstrated that endothelial permeability is increased in diet‑induced AS. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to analyze whether the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML7 is able to improve VED and AS by regulating the expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins zona occludens (ZO)‑1 and occludin via mechanisms involving MLCK and MLC phosphorylation in high‑fat diet‑fed rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, AS group and ML7 group. The rabbits were fed a standard diet (control group), a high‑fat diet (AS group) or a high‑fat diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg/day ML7 (ML7 group). After 12 weeks, endothelium‑dependent relaxation and endothelium‑independent relaxation were measured using high-frequency ultrasound. Administration of a high‑fat diet significantly increased the levels of serum lipids and inflammatory markers in the rabbits in the AS group, as compared with those in the rabbits in the control group. Furthermore, a high‑fat diet contributed to the formation of a typical atherosclerotic plaque, as well as an increase in endothelial permeability and VED. These symptoms of AS were significantly improved following treatment with ML7, as demonstrated in the ML7 group. Hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistochemical staining indicated that ML7 was able to decrease the expression of MLCK and MLC phosphorylation in the arterial wall of rabbits fed a high‑fat diet. A similar change was observed for the TJ proteins ZO‑1 and occludin. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that ML7 increased the expression levels of occludin in the precipitate, but reduced its expression in the supernatant of lysed aortas. These results indicated that occludin, which is a dynamic protein at the TJ, is associated with remodeling from cell membrane to cytoplasm. The present study was the first, to the best of our knowledge, to indicate that ML7 may ameliorate VED and AS by regulating the TJ proteins ZO‑1 and occludin via mechanisms involving MLCK and MLC phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Li Z, Liu XB, Liu YH, Xue YX, Wang P, Liu LB, Liu J, Yao YL, Ma J. Roles of Serine/Threonine Phosphatases in Low-Dose Endothelial Monocyte-Activating Polypeptide-II-Induced Opening of Blood-Tumor Barrier. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:11-20. [PMID: 26087743 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that low-dose endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) induces blood-tumor barrier (BTB) opening via RhoA/Rho kinase/PKC-α/β signaling pathway. In a recent study, we revealed that low-dose EMAP-II induced significant increases in expression levels of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatase (PP)1 and 2A in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs) of BTB model. In addition, PKC-ζ/PP2A signaling pathway is involved in EMAP-II-induced BTB hyperpermeability. The present study further investigated the exact roles of PPs in this process. In an in vitro BTB model, low-dose EMAP-II (0.05 nM) induced a significant increase in PP1 activity in RBMECs. There was an interaction between PKC-α/β and PP1 in RBMECs. Inhibition of PKC-α/β activity with GÖ6976 completely blocked EMAP-II-induced activation of PP1. Conversely, inhibition of PP1 activity with tautomycin had no effect on EMAP-II-induced PKC-α/β activation. Like GÖ6976, tautomycin significantly prevented EMAP-II-induced BTB hyperpermeability and MLC phosphorylation in RBMECs. Also, in this study, EMAP-II induced a marked redistribution of occludin and a significant dephosphorylation of occludin on Ser/Thr residues in RBMECs. Similar with GÖ6976 pretreatment, tautomycin pretreatment dramatically diminished EMAP-II-induced redistribution of occludin. Furthermore, pretreatment with tautomycin significantly inhibited EMAP-II-induced dephosphorylation of occludin on Ser residues. However, pretreatment with okadaic acid (an inhibitor of PP2A) significantly prevented changes in Ser-phosphorylated occludin induced by EMAP-II treatment. Collectively, this study demonstrates that low-dose EMAP-II increases BTB permeability via a RhoA/Rho kinase/PKC-α/β/PP1 signaling pathway and that PP1/PP2A-mediated Ser/Thr dephosphorylation of occludin plays an important role in EMAP-II-induced BTB hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
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Functions for the cAMP/Epac/Rap1 Signaling Pathway in Low-Dose Endothelial Monocyte-Activating Polypeptide-II-Induced Opening of Blood-Tumor Barrier. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:1-10. [PMID: 26044663 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that low-dose endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) induces blood-tumor barrier (BTB) hyperpermeability via both paracellular and transcellular pathways. In a recent study, we revealed that cAMP/PKA-dependent and cAMP/PKA-independent signaling pathways are both involved in EMAP-II-induced BTB hyperpermeability. The present study further investigated the exact mechanisms through which the cAMP/PKA-independent signaling pathway affects EMAP-II-induced BTB hyperpermeability. In an in vitro BTB model, low-dose EMAP-II (0.05 nM) induced a significant decrease in Rap1 activity in RBMECs. Pretreatment with forskolin to elevate intracellular cAMP concentration completely blocked EMAP-II-induced Rap1 inactivation. Epac/Rap1 activation by 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP significantly prevented EMAP-II-induced activation of RhoA/ROCK. Furthermore, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP pretreatment significantly inhibited EMAP-II-induced decreases in TEER and increases in HRP flux. Pretreatment also significantly prevented EMAP-II-induced changes in MLC phosphorylation, actin cytoskeleton arrangement, and expression and distribution of ZO-1 in RBMECs. This study demonstrates that the cAMP/Epac/Rap1 signaling cascade is a crucial pathway in EMAP-II-induced BTB hyperpermeability.
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Li L, Dong F, Xu D, Du L, Yan S, Hu H, Lobe CG, Yi F, Kapron CM, Liu J. Short-term, low-dose cadmium exposure induces hyperpermeability in human renal glomerular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:257-65. [PMID: 26011702 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Li
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Linna Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | | | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Carolyn M. Kapron
- Department of Biology; Trent University; Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
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Tang ST, Su H, Zhang Q, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhu HQ, Wang Y. Melatonin Attenuates Aortic Endothelial Permeability and Arteriosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:82-92. [PMID: 25944844 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415583090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic macrovascular complications is a multifactorial process, and melatonin may possess cardiovascular protective properties. This study was designed to evaluate whether melatonin attenuates arteriosclerosis and endothelial permeability by suppressing the myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)/myosin light-chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) system via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway or by suppressing the myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit phosphorylation (p-MYPT)/p-MLC system in diabetes mellitus (DM). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, high-fat diet, DM, and DM + melatonin groups. Melatonin was administered (10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12 weeks. The DM significantly increased the serum fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which were attenuated by melatonin therapy to various extents. Importantly, the aortic endothelial permeability was significantly increased in DM rats but was dramatically reversed following treatment with melatonin. Our findings further indicated that hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia enhanced the expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which were partly associated with decreased membrane type 1 expression, increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and increased p38 expression. However, these changes in protein expression were also significantly reversed by melatonin. Thus, our results are the first to demonstrate that the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by DM is associated with increased expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which can be attenuated by melatonin at least partly through the ERK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-tao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-qin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-jiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-qing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Huang Y, Luo X, Li X, Song X, Wei L, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q, Lu N. Wogonin inhibits LPS-induced vascular permeability via suppressing MLCK/MLC pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:43-52. [PMID: 25956732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Wogonin, a naturally occurring monoflavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities and inhibits oxidant stress-induced vascular permeability. However, the influence of wogonin on vascular hyperpermeability induced by overabounded inflammatory factors often appears in inflammatory diseases and tumor is not well known. In this study, we evaluate the effects of wogonin on LPS induced vascular permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and investigate the underlying mechanisms. We find that wogonin suppresses the LPS-stimulated hyperactivity and cytoskeleton remodeling of HUVECs, promotes the expression of junctional proteins including VE-Cadherin, Claudin-5 and ZO-1, as well as inhibits the invasion of MDA-MB-231 across EC monolayer. Miles vascular permeability assay proves that wogonin can restrain the extravasated Evans in vivo. The mechanism studies reveal that the expressions of TLR4, p-PLC, p-MLCK and p-MLC are decreased by wogonin without changing the total steady state protein levels of PLC, MLCK and MLC. Moreover, wogonin can also inhibit KCl-activated MLCK/MLC pathway, and further affect vascular permeability. Significantly, compared with wortmannin, the inhibitor of MLCK/MLC pathway, wogonin exhibits similar inhibition effects on the expression of p-MLCK, p-MLC and LPS-induced vascular hyperpermeability. Taken together, wogonin can inhibit LPS-induced vascular permeability by suppressing the MLCK/MLC pathway, suggesting a therapeutic potential for the diseases associated with the development of both inflammatory and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xuwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiuming Song
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qidong You
- JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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