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Saleh NKM, Mohamed AEHA, Moussa MH, Assal Y, Lasheen NN. Garlic oil improves small intestinal motility in experimentally induced type II diabetes mellitus in female Wistar rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301621. [PMID: 38630691 PMCID: PMC11023395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus adversely affects the contractile ability of the small intestine. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the impact of garlic oil on small intestinal motility. This study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of garlic oil on type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Thirty-six adult female Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into four groups: control, non-diabetic rats supplemented with garlic oil, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with garlic oil. The rats were anesthetized using pentobarbitone (40 mg/kg BW); various motility parameters and oxidative markers were determined in small intestinal segments. Measurements were taken for naso-anal length, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level (FBG), and plasma insulin level. Compared to the control group, the diabetic rats exhibited a reduction in the average force of contraction and motility index in all small intestinal segments. Furthermore, the rats exhibited a reduction in the average duration of muscle contraction only in the jejunum. The rats also exhibited hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, significant oxidative stress, and obesity. This was proven by changes in motility parameters, fasting blood glucose levels, HOMA-IR values, intestinal MDA levels, and waist circumference. The non-diabetic rats supplemented with garlic oil also exhibited a decrease in the average force of contraction and motility index in all small intestinal segments, despite having consistently higher Lee index and waist circumference values. However, the diabetic rats treated with garlic oil demonstrated improved small intestinal motility in nearly all small intestinal segments and a reduction in oxidative stress. In conclusion, rats with diabetes mellitus experienced a decrease in small intestinal motility, which is primarily driven by oxidative stress. Normal rats administered with garlic oil supplements exhibited similar effects. In contrast, garlic oil treatment in diabetic rats led to enhanced small intestinal motility and a notable anti-hyperglycemic effect, which can be attributed to the potent antioxidant properties of garlic oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasmin Assal
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N. Lasheen
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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Wal P. Phytochemicals and their Potential Mechanisms against Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e081123223322. [PMID: 37946350 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262924231020083353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Activation of the insulin receptor corresponds to two crucial metabolic functions, i.e., uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exists as one of the most challenging medical conditions in the 21st century. The sedentary lifestyle and declining quality of food products have contributed to the rapid development of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to lay some reliable, significant molecules and modalities of treatment to combat and manage this epidemic. In this review, we have made an attempt to identify and enlist the major phytoconstituents along with the associated sources and existing mechanisms against insulin resistance. The conducted study may offer potential sustainable solutions for developing and formulating scientifically validated molecules and phytoconstituents as formulations for the management of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PHARMACY), NH19 Kanpur, Agra Highway, Bhauti Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
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Siddiqui SA, Khan S, Wani SA. Controlling diabetes with the aid of medicinal herbs: a critical compilation of a decade of research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12552-12566. [PMID: 35900120 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder owing to the insulin faulty production or the resistance to the action mechanism where the accumulation of glucose is the major side effect in the body in the case of diabetes. Numerous herbs with the potential of reducing glucose production along with combating the secondary ailments associated with it but >1% out of 250,000 have been pharmacologically validated. Affordability and historical usage of these herbal remedies often result in patients' preference as primary or as adjunctive to conventional therapies. Clinical trials conducted with herbs are necessary for determining the efficacy of the herbs against diabetes. Additional benefits of herbal employment include the treatment of secondary ailments in patients along with diabetes including triglyceride reduction, cholesterol level management, body mass index, and cardiovascular disease control. Any individual extract marketed as antidiabetic formulations requires clinical validation before adoption but with ongoing disease status, quick validation in protocols and testing is needed to understand, isolate and cross-verify the status of the bioactive ingredient in individual herb and the polyherb extract formulations. Standardization, characterization, long-term role and impact on the human body, efficacy status, and toxicity profile need to be addressed fully for each active ingredient before it is advanced for production. Therefore, after trials, the related regulatory bodies will be approached to confirm the safety status and efficacy of the prepared concoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
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Shojaei-Zarghani S, Najafi N, Fattahi MR, Safarpour AR. Influence of Garlic on the Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Animals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1125-1137. [PMID: 37385425 DOI: 10.1055/a-2112-6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic sign of metabolic syndrome. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of garlic and its major components on fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile levels in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science was performed. After the screening process and data extraction, the pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random-effect model and stated as standardized mean differences and a 95% confidence interval. Out of 839 reports, 22 articles were included in the present study. The pooled results revealed that garlic and its components significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (standardized mean difference: - 0.77, 95% confidence interval: - 1.42 to - 0.12, I2 : 58.85%), fasting insulin (standardized mean difference: - 1.88, 95% confidence interval: - 3.07 to - 0.69, I2 : 70.42%), serum triglyceride (standardized mean difference: - 1.01, 95% confidence interval: - 1.43 to - 0.59, I2 : 61.41%), cholesterol (standardized mean difference: - 1.00, 95% confidence interval: - 1.39 to - 0.60, I2 : 52.12%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference: - 0.98, 95% CI: - 1.63 to - 0.32, I2 : 71.58%) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.58, I2 : 59.39%) levels. The type of animal, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induction model, kind and duration of intervention, study model, and risk of bias were detected as possible sources of heterogeneity across studies. We conclude that garlic and its major components have a favorable impact on glycemic control and lipid profile in diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shojaei-Zarghani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Najafi
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Huang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Fu J, Jia Y, Ji L, Wang T. Bioactivity and health effects of garlic essential oil: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Zhenxin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Jiaolong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Yonglu Jia
- Department of Stomotology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Lilian Ji
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
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Jiang Y, Yue R, Liu G, Liu J, Peng B, Yang M, Zhao L, Li Z. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) in diabetes and its complications: Recent advances in mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5290-5340. [PMID: 36503329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired islet secretion that places a heavy burden on the global health care system due to its high incidence rate, long disease course and many complications. Fortunately, garlic (Allium sativum L.), a well-known medicinal plant and functional food without the toxicity and side effects of conventional drugs, has shown positive effects in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. With interdisciplinary development and in-depth exploration, we offer a clear and comprehensive summary of the research from the past ten years, focusing on the mechanisms and development processes of garlic in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, aiming to provide a new perspective for the treatment of diabetes and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of NanJiang, Bazhong, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxue Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
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Yudhistira B, Punthi F, Lin JA, Sulaimana AS, Chang CK, Hsieh CW. S-Allyl cysteine in garlic (Allium sativum): Formation, biofunction, and resistance to food processing for value-added product development. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2665-2687. [PMID: 35355410 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
S-allyl cysteine (SAC), which is the most abundant bioactive compound in black garlic (BG; Allium sativum), has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Sulfur compounds are the most distinctive bioactive elements in garlic. Previous studies have provided evidence that the concentration of SAC in fresh garlic is in the range of 19.0-1736.3 μg/g. Meanwhile, for processed garlic, such as frozen and thawed garlic, pickled garlic, fermented garlic extract, and BG, the SAC content increased to up to 8021.2 μg/g. BG is an SAC-containing product, with heat treatment being used in nearly all methods of BG production. Therefore, strategies to increase the SAC level in garlic are of great interest; however, further knowledge is required about the effect of processing factors and mechanistic changes. This review explains the formation of SAC in garlic, introduces its biological effects, and summarizes the recent advances in processing methods that can affect SAC levels in garlic, including heat treatment, enzymatic treatment, freezing, fermentation, ultrasonic treatment, and high hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize the outcomes of treatment aimed at maintaining or increasing SAC levels in BG. Therefore, publications from scientific databases in this field of study were examined. The effects of processing methods on SAC compounds were evaluated on the basis of the SAC content. This review provides information on the processing approaches that can assist food manufacturers in the development of value-added garlic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Yudhistira
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Sebelas Maret Univeristy, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Fuangfah Punthi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jer-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Effects of garlic extract on inflammatory cytokines in rats with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jayaraman S, Roy A, Vengadassalapathy S, Sekar R, Veeraraghavan VP, Rajagopal P, Rengasamy G, Mukherjee R, Sekar D, Manjunathan R. An Overview on the Therapeutic Function of Foods Enriched with Plant Sterols in Diabetes Management. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121903. [PMID: 34943006 PMCID: PMC8750040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most significant health issues across the world. People identified with diabetes are more vulnerable to various infections and are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The plant-based food we consume often contains many sterol-based bioactive compounds. It is well documented that these compounds could effectively manage the processes of insulin metabolism and cholesterol regulation. Insulin resistance followed by hyperglycemia often results in oxidative stress level enhancement and increased reactive oxygen species production. At the molecular level, these changes induce apoptosis in pancreatic cells and hence lead to insulin insufficiency. Studies have proved that plant sterols can lower inflammatory and oxidative stress damage connected with DNA repair mechanisms. The effective forms of phyto compounds are polyphenols, terpenoids, and thiols abundant in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. The available conventional drug-based therapies for the prevention and management of diabetes are time-consuming, costly, and with life-threatening side effects. Thereby, the therapeutic management of diabetes with plant sterols available in our daily diet is highly welcome as there are no side effects. This review intends to offer an overview of the present scenario of the anti-diabetic compounds from food ingredients towards the therapeutic beneficial against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Gayathri Rengasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Raktim Mukherjee
- Shree PM Patel Institute of PG Studies and Research in Science, Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Reji Manjunathan
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu 60300, India
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Sánchez‐Duarte S, Márquez‐Gamiño S, Montoya‐Pérez R, Villicaña‐Gómez EA, Vera‐Delgado KS, Caudillo‐Cisneros C, Sotelo‐Barroso F, Melchor‐Moreno MT, Sánchez‐Duarte E. Nicorandil decreases oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers of diabetic rats by improving the glutathione system functioning. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1152-1161. [PMID: 33503290 PMCID: PMC8264387 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Myopathy is a common complication of any diabetes type, consisting in failure to preserve mass and muscular function. Oxidative stress has been considered one of the main causes for this condition. This study aimed to search if Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, could protect slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles from oxidative stress, and to unveil its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by applying intraperitoneally streptozotocin (STZ) at 100 mg/kg doses. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day) was administered along 4 weeks. An insulin tolerance test and assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TBARS, reduced (GSH), and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and mRNA expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes were performed at end of treatment in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS Nicorandil significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance in diabetic rats. In gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, Nicorandil attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increasing total glutathione and modulating GPX1-mRNA expression in both muscle's types. Nicorandil also increased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and downregulated the GCLC- and GSR-mRNA in gastrocnemius, without significative effect on those enzymes' mRNA expression in diabetic soleus muscle. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic rats, Nicorandil attenuates oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles by improving the glutathione system functioning. The underlying mechanisms for the modulation of glutathione redox state and the transcriptional expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes seem to be fiber type-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Sánchez‐Duarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Sergio Márquez‐Gamiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Rocío Montoya‐Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | | | - Karla Susana Vera‐Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | | | - Fernando Sotelo‐Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Ma Teresa Melchor‐Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez‐Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
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Heimesaat MM, Mousavi S, Weschka D, Bereswill S. Garlic Essential Oil as Promising Option for the Treatment of Acute Campylobacteriosis-Results from a Preclinical Placebo-Controlled Intervention Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061140. [PMID: 34070612 PMCID: PMC8227651 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since human infections with Campylobacter jejuni including antibiotic-resistant strains are rising worldwide, natural compounds might constitute promising antibiotics-independent treatment options for campylobacteriosis. Since the health-beneficial properties of garlic have been known for centuries, we here surveyed the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of garlic essential oil (EO) in acute experimental campylobacteriosis. Therefore, secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice were orally infected with C. jejuni strain 81-176 and garlic-EO treatment via the drinking water was initiated on day 2 post-infection. Mice from the garlic-EO group displayed less severe clinical signs of acute campylobacteriosis as compared to placebo counterparts that were associated with lower ileal C. jejuni burdens on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, when compared to placebo application, garlic-EO treatment resulted in alleviated colonic epithelia cell apoptosis, in less pronounced C. jejuni induced immune cell responses in the large intestines, in dampened pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in intestinal and extra-intestinal compartments, and, finally, in less frequent translocation of viable pathogens from the intestines to distinct organs. Given its potent immune-modulatory and disease-alleviating effects as shown in our actual preclinical placebo-controlled intervention study, we conclude that garlic-EO may be considered as promising adjunct treatment option for acute campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Heimesaat
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H); +49-30-450524315 (S.M.)
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H); +49-30-450524315 (S.M.)
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Eser N, Yoldas A, Turk A, Kalaycı Yigin A, Yalcin A, Cicek M. Ameliorative effects of garlic oil on FNDC5 and irisin sensitivity in liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:824-834. [PMID: 33739409 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to investigate the effects of garlic oil (GO), an important natural constituent used in alleviating diabetes and its complications, on the expression levels of irisin and related genes. METHODS Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: Control, Diabetes-Control, Diabetes+GO 100 mg/kg/day and Control+GO 100 mg/kg/day for 45 days. The measurements included: changes in liver Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-coactivator (PGC)-1α, Fibronectin Type-III-Domain-Containing5 (FNDC5), irisin expression, mRNA expression of p38 and TNF-α (Tumour necrosis factor-α), total-antioxidant-status (L-TAS; S-TAS), total-oxidant-status (L-TOS; S-TOS) in liver and serum, respectively. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant reduction in serum levels of irisin and S-TAS and expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 in liver in Diabetes-control compared to Control-group, while a significant increase in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and TOS, also p38 and TNF-α expressions in liver. In Diabetes+GO group, there was a significant increase in serum irisin and S-TAS, also expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 in liver, while serum FBG, S-TOS levels, and mRNA expression of p38 and TNF-α in liver were decreased compared to Diabetes-control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GO alleviated the diabetic liver injury by decreasing Oxidative-Stress parameters and regulation PGC-lα, FNDC5, irisin and P38, keeping the balance of TAS/TOS and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Eser
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Atila Yoldas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kalaycı Yigin
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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15
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Reverse pharmacology of phytoconstituents of food and plant in the management of diabetes: Current status and perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Yuvashree M, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Potential application of nanoemulsified garlic oil blend in mitigating the progression of type 2 diabetes-mediated nephropathy in Wistar rats. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:272. [PMID: 32523866 PMCID: PMC7260324 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The renoprotective potential of nanoemulsified garlic oil blend (GNE) in alleviating the progressive stages of hyperlipidemia-mediated diabetic nephropathy was examined. The study was carried out in high fat-fed, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats for five months. The diabetic rats showed a significant increase of area under the curve in OGTT (p < 0.01) and IPITT (p < 0.01), increased urinary albumin (p < 0.01), urinary microprotein (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001), with decreased serum albumin (p < 0.01), serum protein (p < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) than the control rats. The histopathological analysis evidenced mesangial expansion and hypercellularity at the end of the first and third month, and glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy at the end of the fifth month in diabetic rats. Moreover, on disease progression, increase in urinary podocalyxin, NGAL and CD36 was observed, and the renal mRNA and protein expression of podocalyxin decreased significantly with a concomitant increase in NGAL and CD36 expression from first till fifth month end. The treatment with GNE (20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the serum albumin (p < 0.001) and urine albumin (p < 0.01) from the end of the third month with significant attenuation in the lipid profile than GO (20 mg/kg) or Ator (8 mg/kg). Moreover, GNE reverted the histopathological alterations and attenuated the aberrant mRNA, protein expression and urinary excretion level of renal CD36, podocalyxin and NGAL in diabetic rats from an early stage of disease till the end of the study period. This study demonstrated the enhanced efficacy of GO in nanoemulsified form in mitigating the progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidaran Yuvashree
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014 India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantrinagar, Puducherry India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014 India
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17
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Yuvashree M, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Potential application of nanoemulsified garlic oil blend in mitigating the progression of type 2 diabetes-mediated nephropathy in Wistar rats. 3 Biotech 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Abdel-Daim MM, Abdel-Rahman HG, Dessouki AA, El-Far AH, Khodeer DM, Bin-Jumah M, Alhader MS, Alkahtani S, Aleya L. Impact of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on cisplatin-induced hepatorenal biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136338. [PMID: 31923684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum II [CDDP]) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating different cancers types. However, its usage is limited because it induces harmful toxicities in multiple organs, including nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Garlic oil (GO) has several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant activity. The aim of the study is to evaluate the protective and antioxidant effects of GO against CDDP-induced acute liver and kidney injuries in male rats. CDDP-treated rats showed increased serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, uric acid, urea, creatinine, and IL-6 levels. Moreover, CDDP-treated rats showed significantly increased MDA and NO levels and decreased GSH level and T.SOD and CAT activities in hepatic and renal tissues compared with control rats. GO administration, especially at a dose of 100 ml/kg, alleviated CDDP-induced adverse biochemical and histopathological alterations and restored them to their normal values. These results suggest that GO reverses CDDP-induced hepatorenal damage by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Dina M Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosaed S Alhader
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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19
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Yuvashree M, Gokulakannan R, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Enhanced Therapeutic Potency of Nanoemulsified Garlic Oil Blend Towards Renal Abnormalities in Pre-diabetic Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:338-356. [PMID: 30450513 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potency of ultrasonic nanoemulsified garlic oil blend using a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) was assessed on pre-diabetic Wistar rats with microalbuminuria. The pre-diabetic condition was induced in male albino Wistar rats by supplementing high-fat diet. The prolonged period of the pre-diabetic state caused renal dysfunctioning, which was indicated by microalbuminuria. Treatment of pre-diabetic rats with nanoemulsified garlic oil blend significantly ameliorated the lipid profile (p < 0.001), urinary albumin (p < 0.01), microprotein (p < 0.001), urinary triglycerides (p < 0.01), serum triglycerides (p < 0.01), serum albumin (p < 0.05), and protein levels (p < 0.01) in comparison to treatment of pre-diabetic rats with garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. Similarly, histopathological investigations indicated a remarkable attenuation in the mesangial expansion and proliferation, glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening, and the tubular lipid deposits on administering nanoemulsified garlic oil blend than garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. Moreover, nanoemulsified garlic oil blend significantly promoted renal podocin gene expression by 3.98-fold (p < 0.001) and attenuated increased urinary podocin level by 2.92-fold (p < 0.01). Thus, our study affirms that the efficacy of garlic oil blend was augmented upon nanoemulsification, which substantially ameliorated the renal abnormalities observed in the pre-diabetic condition than garlic oil blend or atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidaran Yuvashree
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Ragavan Gokulakannan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantrinagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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Sujithra K, Srinivasan S, Indumathi D, Vinothkumar V. Allyl methyl sulfide, a garlic active component mitigates hyperglycemia by restoration of circulatory antioxidant status and attenuating glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced experimental rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:165-176. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1534297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathiroli Sujithra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramani Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College For Women, Krishnagiri, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dhananjayan Indumathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Hua CK, Mun CS, Jing JK, Kong L, Ern LY, Ashraf NA, Kit SW, Yee TS, Pichika MR, Gorain B, Kesharwani P. An update on natural compounds in the remedy of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:361-376. [PMID: 29992107 PMCID: PMC6035310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine, phytomedicine or botanical medicine are synonymous, utilizes plants intended for medicinal purposes. Medicinal use of herbal medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases including diabetes has a long history compared to conventional medicine. Diabetes is one of the major public health concerns over the world. Diabetes or hyperglycemia is considered to be one of the common public health hazard; optimal control of which is still not possible. Persistent hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes has the potential to cause serious complications such as kidney disease, vision loss, cardiovascular disease, and lower-limb amputations which contributed towards morbidity and mortality in diabetes. There are various approaches to treat and prevent diabetes as well as its secondary complications, one of it is herbal medicines. However, the selection of herbs might depends on several factors, which include the stage of progression of diabetes, types of comorbidities that the patients are having, availability, affordability as well as the safety profile of the herbs. This review focuses on the herbal and natural remedies that play the role in the treatment or prevention of this morbid disorder - diabetes, including their underlying mechanisms for the blood glucose-lowering property and the herbal products already been marketed for the remedial action of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chua Kui Hua
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Shi Mun
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessmie Koh Jing
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lillian Kong
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Yee Ern
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ahmad Ashraf
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soohg Wai Kit
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Sin Yee
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Petalling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, 47301, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
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22
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Moutia M, Habti N, Badou A. In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulator Activities of Allium sativum L. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4984659. [PMID: 30008785 PMCID: PMC6020507 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4984659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allium Sativum L. (garlic), which is a species of the onion family, Alliaceae, is one of the most used plants in traditional medicine worldwide. More than 200 chemicals with diverse properties have been found in garlic extracts. Several garlic compounds were suggested to be efficient in improving various pathologies including certain types of cancer. This paper is an overview of data about garlic biological activities in vitro and/or in vivo on immune cells, on the development of certain inflammatory diseases, and on different types of carcinomas and sarcomas. Garlic and its compounds were found to have notable antioxidant properties. Garlic therapeutic potential has also been studied in several inflammatory diseases such as allergic-airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritic rheumatism, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, garlic was found to be able to maintain the immune system homeostasis and to exhibit beneficial effects on immune cells especially through regulation of proliferation and cytokine gene expression. Finally, we will show how major garlic components such as sulfur compounds and polyphenols might be responsible for the garlic biological activities revealed in different situations. If identified, specific compounds present in garlic could potentially be used in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Moutia
- Laboratory of Hematology and Cellular and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Norddine Habti
- Laboratory of Hematology and Cellular and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, 19 Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, B.P. 9154 Casablanca, Morocco
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23
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Diogo CV, Deus CM, Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska M, Wojtala A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. Carvedilol and antioxidant proteins in a type I diabetes animal model. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:19-29. [PMID: 27805735 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of developing both micro- and macrovascular disease. Hyperglycaemia seems to be the main factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, often based on increased oxidative stress. Carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has intrinsic antioxidant properties and was previously described to be effective in the protection of cardiac mitochondria against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in cardiac and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-treated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Body mass, blood glucose, the level of protein carbonylation, caspase-9- and caspase-3-like activities, mitochondrial proteins, the status of antioxidant defence system and stress-related proteins were evaluated in streptozotocin vs streptozotocin + carvedilol (1 mg/kg/day)-treated rats. RESULTS The results showed that carvedilol decreased blood glucose in streptozotocin-treated animals. Content of catalase in the heart and SOD2, SOD1 and catalase in skeletal muscle were increased by carvedilol treatment in streptozotocin-treated animals. At this particular time point, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia did not cause caspase activation or increase in protein carbonylation status. The data showed that carvedilol increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, what may contribute to preserve cell redox balance during hyperglycaemia. We also showed here for the first time that carvedilol effects on streptozotocin-treated rats are tissue dependent, with a more predominant effect on skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Based on data showing modulation of the antioxidant network in the heart, carvedilol may be beneficial in diabetic patients without advanced disease complications, delaying their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V Diogo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Aleksandra Wojtala
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
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24
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Yang HS, Choi YJ, Jin HY, Lee SC, Huh CK. Effects of Allium hookeri root water extracts on inhibition of adipogenesis and GLUT-4 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:615-621. [PMID: 30263314 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-adipogenic and antidiabetic activities of Allium hookeri root water extracts (ARW) were assessed. Oil Red O staining showed that treatment with ARW caused a dose-dependent reduction in lipid accumulation. ARW was also involved in adipocyte lipolysis via LPL activity, and in the concentration of glycerol in a culture medium. On the basis of the concentration of adipokines following ARW treatment, ARW appeared to inhibit expression of PPAR-γ, to reduce concentrations of leptin and resistin, to increase the concentration of adiponectin, and to inhibit lipid accumulation. ARW modulated adipokine expression associated with insulin resistance and sensitivity. 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with ARW showed increased GLUT-4 expression with increased glucose uptake into adipocytes. ARW showed effectiveness for improvement of diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Yang
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Jeonbuk, 55918 Korea
| | - Yu Jin Choi
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Jeonbuk, 55918 Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jin
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Jeonbuk, 55918 Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Jeonbuk, 55918 Korea
| | - Chang Ki Huh
- Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science, Imsil, Jeonbuk, 55918 Korea
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25
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Bose S, Laha B, Banerjee S. Quantification of allicin by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis with effect of post-ultrasonic sound and microwave radiation on fresh garlic cloves. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S288-93. [PMID: 24991105 PMCID: PMC4078350 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been accepted universally to be applied in food, spice and traditional medicine. The medicinal and other beneficial properties of garlic are attributed to organosulfur compounds. Objective: As of today no simultaneous analysis has been performed; hence the transformation of allicin to its degraded products during cultivation and storage is open into doubt. Materials and Methods: In our present work, we have tried to develop a sensitive and reproducible analytical method to measure allicin by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis with effect of post-acoustic waves and microwave radiation on fresh garlic cloves. Results: The process revealed the effect of different radiation techniques on fresh garlic retains the principle component, allicin in its pure form and generated higher yield than the conventional way of extraction. Conclusion: Therefore, materializing these techniques in the pharmaceutical industry will definitely be proved beneficial in term of time as well as money. Most interestingly, the methods ruled out possibilities of degradation of organosulfur compounds as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhadip Bose
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Bibek Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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26
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Lee SC, Xu WX, Lin LY, Yang JJ, Liu CT. Chemical composition and hypoglycemic and pancreas-protective effect of leaf essential oil from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4905-4913. [PMID: 23627599 DOI: 10.1021/jf401039z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic effect of cinnamon has generated broad interest during the past decade. We investigated the hypoglycemic activity and pancreas-protective effect of leaf essential oil from indigenous cinnamon (CO) in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ, iv, 65 mg/(kg bw)) and found linalool to be the major component representing 40.24% of the CO composition. In diabetics, all tested doses of CO significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and fructosamine and are concomitant with elevated plasma and pancreatic insulin levels under a fasting condition. However, during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) period the effect of 25 and 50 mg/(kg bw) of CO was shown to be less effective than that of 12.5 mg/(kg bw) in ameliorating the accumulation of plasma insulin. In addition, at 12.5 mg/(kg bw), CO significantly ameliorated pancreatic values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in diabetics to an extent greater than that of higher CO doses. At doses 12.5 and 25 but not 50 mg/(kg bw), CO significantly ameliorated pancreatic levels of interleukin-1β and nitric oxide. In conclusion, appropriate doses of CO of the linalool chemotype exhibited therapeutic potential in glycemic control in diabetes that was at least partially resulted from improved insulin secretion. The ameliorated oxidative stress and proinflammatory environment in the pancreas by CO may provide a protective effect on pancreatic β cells and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Lee
- Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, Republic of China
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