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Bae MH, Zhang X, Lee JS. Exercise, grit, and life satisfaction among Korean adolescents: a latent growth modeling analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1392. [PMID: 38783255 PMCID: PMC11119792 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life satisfaction among Korean students is declining substantially, and multifaceted improvement efforts are required. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal change trajectories for exercise, grit, and life satisfaction levels among Korean adolescents using latent growth modeling with longitudinal data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Surveys of 2,142 students (male: 1,070, female: 1,072) from sixth grade (2020) through eighth grade (2022). RESULTS The model, which tracked linear changes in the students' exercise, grit, and life satisfaction, showed consistent declines over three school years for all variables. We also identified a longitudinal causal relationship among exercise, grit, and life satisfaction. A higher grit intercept was associated with higher intercept for-and a partial mediating effect between-exercise and life satisfaction. The grit slope was positively related to the life satisfaction slope, and both the intercept and exercise slope had positive effects on life satisfaction. Moreover, grit had a longitudinal mediating effect between exercise and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the longitudinal change trajectories of exercise, grit, and life satisfaction, the causal and mediating effects among them, and the implications of the findings. These findings bolster our understanding of Korean adolescents' life satisfaction and have practical significance for designing programs to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Hun Bae
- Department of Elementary Education, College of First, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou City, The People's Republic of China
| | - Je-Seong Lee
- Department of Sports Education, Gwangju National University of Education, Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea.
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Chen S, Zhang H, Gao M, Machado DB, Jin H, Scherer N, Sun W, Sha F, Smythe T, Ford TJ, Kuper H. Dose-Dependent Association Between Body Mass Index and Mental Health and Changes Over Time. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2818401. [PMID: 38748415 PMCID: PMC11097104 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Importance Overweight and obesity affect 340 million adolescents worldwide and constitute a risk factor for poor mental health. Understanding the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental health in adolescents may help to address rising mental health issues; however, existing studies lack comprehensive evaluations spanning diverse countries and periods. Objective To estimate the association between BMI and mental health and examine changes over time from 2002 to 2018. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a repeated multicountry cross-sectional study conducted between 2002 and 2018 and utilizing data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and North America. The study population consisted of more than 1 million adolescents aged 11 to 15 years, with all surveyed children included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to March 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Mental health difficulties were measured by an 8-item scale for psychological concerns, scoring from 0 to 32, where a higher score reflects greater psychosomatic issues. BMI was calculated using weight divided by height squared and adjusted for age and sex. Data were fitted by multilevel generalized additive model. Confounders included sex, living with parents, sibling presence, academic pressure, the experience of being bullied, family affluence, screen time, and physical activity. Results Our analysis of 1 036 869 adolescents surveyed from 2002 to 2018, with a mean (SD) age of 13.55 (1.64) years and comprising 527 585 girls (50.9%), revealed a consistent U-shaped association between BMI and mental health. After accounting for confounders, adolescents with low body mass and overweight or obesity had increased psychosomatic symptoms compared to those with healthy weight (unstandardized β, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.19; unstandardized β, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.30; and unstandardized β, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.67, respectively), while adolescents with underweight had fewer symptoms (unstandardized β, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.15). This association was observed across different years, sex, and grade, indicating a broad relevance to adolescent mental health. Compared to 2002, psychosomatic concerns increased significantly in 2006 (unstandardized β, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.26), 2010 (unstandardized β, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.22), 2014 (unstandardized β, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.56), and 2018 (unstandardized β, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.89). Girls reported significantly higher psychosomatic concerns than boys (unstandardized β, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.25 to 2.30). Compared to primary school, psychosomatic concerns rose significantly in middle school (unstandardized β, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.18) and in high school (unstandardized β, 2.12; 95% CI, 2.09 to 2.15). Conclusions and Relevance Our study revealed a U-shaped association between adolescent BMI and mental health, which was consistent across sex and grades and became stronger over time. These insights emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing body image and mental health, and call for further research into underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Chen
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daiane Borges Machado
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Huajie Jin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel Scherer
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tracey Smythe
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tamsin J. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Li L, Feng X, Luo S, Lin L, Xiang H, Chen D, Qin K, Guo X, Chen W, Guo VY. Internet addiction and health-related quality of life in adolescents: The mediating role of sleep disturbance. Sleep Med 2024; 117:53-59. [PMID: 38507977 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a recognized risk factor associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents. However, the role of sleep disturbance in this association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of IA with HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the potential mediating role of sleep disturbance. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents attending six randomly selected middle schools in Guangzhou, China. Adolescents self-reported their internet use using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire. HRQOL and sleep disturbance were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to assess the association between IA and HRQOL. Baron and Kenny's causal steps method was used to examine the possible mediating role of sleep disturbance. RESULTS Of the 6473 adolescents included, 23.5% had maladaptive internet use (MIU) and 16.6% had pathological internet use (PIU). Compared to adolescents with adaptive internet use (AIU), those with IA had significantly lower scores across all HRQOL dimensions and summary scales. Mediation analysis revealed that sleep disturbance was a significant mediator. Specifically, sleep disturbance mediated 34.55% of the effects of MIU and 34.06% of the effects of PIU on the HRQOL total scale score , respectively. CONCLUSIONS IA was associated with poorer HRQOL, indicating the needs of preventing IA in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, our findings underscored the importance of enhancing sleep quality to mitigate the adverse impact of IA on adolescents' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuqiong Feng
- Department of Public Health, Guangzhou Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezhong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Basterra-Gortari V, Gil-Conesa M, Sayón-Orea C, Lahortiga-Ramos F, De la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Martínez-González MA, Bes-Rastrollo M. Daily time spent on screens and psychological well-being: Cross-sectional association within the SUN cohort. Prev Med 2024; 181:107912. [PMID: 38395314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of various lifestyles on psychological well-being (PWB) remains under-studied. We aimed to explore the cross-sectional association between daily screen use (television, tablet and mobile phone) and PWB within the SUN cohort. METHODS PWB was assessed using the 29-item Ryff scale (ranging from 29 to 174), and participants with scores >75th percentile were considered as having optimal PWB. Participants were categorized based on their self-reported weekly screen usage hours. Postestimation logistic regression models assessing the prevalence likelihood of not achieving optimal PWB were adjusted for sociodemographic, psychological, personality and lifestyles factors. Isotemporal substitution models explored the potential impact on PWB resulting from replacing 1 h/day of screen time with 1 h/day of exercise. RESULTS The study included 3051 participants (55.8% women, mean age 57.3 ± 11.1 years, mean Ryff's score: 139.1 ± 17.4 points). Daily screen use for ≥2 h was associated with a higher prevalence likelihood of not achieving an optimal PWB (Prevalence Ratio [PR]:1.09; 95% CI:1.01-1.18). Among PWB dimensions, screen use ≥2 h/day was linked to an increased likelihood of not achieving optimal scores in environmental mastery (PR:1.11; 95% CI:1.02-1.20), life purpose (PR:1.10; 95% CI:1.02-1.18), and personal growth (PR:1.09; 95% CI:1.01-1.18). Replacing 1 h of daily screens time with 1 h of exercise may lead to potential improvements in environmental mastery (Odds Ratio [OR]:0.87; 95% CI:0.76-0.99), purpose in life (OR:0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98), personal growth (OR:0.84; 95% CI:0.73-0.96) and positive interpersonal relationships (OR:0.86; 95% CI:0.75-0.99). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of reducing screen use activities and increasing physical exercise for achieving optimal PWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Basterra-Gortari
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Mental Health Department, Navarra Healthcare System, Pamplona. Spain.
| | - Mario Gil-Conesa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen De la Fuente-Arrillaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.
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Surprenant R, Cabot I, Fitzpatrick C. Motivation for Physical Activity as a Key Determinant of Sedentary Behavior Among Postsecondary Students. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241254032. [PMID: 38742803 PMCID: PMC11095180 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241254032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
It is known that the transition to adulthood represents a critical period of life when acquiring healthy behaviors can influence lifestyle and health throughout adulthood. Given the importance of the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, identifying influence factors is key to improving healthy behaviors. The objective of this study is to explore the role of postsecondary students' motivation toward physical activity in the association with their screen time and out-of-school physical activity practice. A total of 1522 postsecondary students (90% were aged 17-20 years) recruited from 17 postsecondary institutions completed the self-reported questionnaire during course time. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association between motivation to move including additional predictors of behavior such as intention and tendency to self-activate and self-reported screen time and physical activity controlling for age and sex. Motivation including all 3 motivational variables (interest, utility, competence) was negatively associated with screen time, b = -0.498 (95% CI between -0.635 and -0.361) and positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, b = 133.986, (95% CI between 102.129 and 165.843). Of the 3 motivational variables, interest had the strongest negative association with screen time, b = -0.434 (95% CI between -0.551 and -0.317), and the strongest positive association with physical activity, b = 113.671, (95% CI between 86.396 and 140.946). These findings indicate that the motivation of postsecondary students toward physical activity significantly influences their behaviors, including screen time and physical activity engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Surprenant
- Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cabot
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Cégep Édouard-Montpetit, Longueuil, QC, Canada
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Jenson C, Wolff SF, Milkovich LM. Effects of a Preventive Mental Health Curriculum Embedded Into a Scholarly Gaming Course on Adolescent Self-Esteem: Prospective Matched Pairs Experiment. JMIR Serious Games 2023; 11:e48401. [PMID: 38059568 PMCID: PMC10721133 DOI: 10.2196/48401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Positive self-esteem predicts happiness and well-being and serves as a protective factor for favorable mental health. Scholarly gaming within the school setting may serve as a channel to deliver a mental health curriculum designed to improve self-esteem. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of a scholarly gaming curriculum with and without an embedded preventive mental health curriculum, Mental Health Moments (MHM), on adolescents' self-esteem. Methods The scholarly gaming curriculum and MHM were developed by 3 educators and a school-based health intervention expert. The scholarly gaming curriculum aligned with academic guidelines from the International Society for Technology Education, teaching technology-based career skills and video game business development. The curriculum consisted of 40 lessons, delivered over 14 weeks for a minimum of 120 minutes per week. A total of 83 schools with previous gaming engagement were invited to participate and 34 agreed. Schools were allocated to +MHM or -MHM arms through a matched pairs experimental design. The -MHM group received the scholarly gaming curriculum alone, whereas the +MHM group received the scholarly gaming curriculum plus MHM embedded into 27 lessons. MHM integrated concepts from the PERMA framework in positive psychology as well as the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) standards in education, which emphasize self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. Participants in the study were students at schools offering scholarly gaming curricula and were enrolled at recruitment sites. Participants completed a baseline and postintervention survey quantifying self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (score range 0-30). A score <15 characterizes low self-esteem. Participants who completed both baseline and postintervention surveys were included in the analysis. Results Of the 471 participants included in the analysis, 235 received the -MHM intervention, and 236 received the +MHM intervention. Around 74.9% (n=353) of participants were in high school, and most (n=429, 91.1%) reported this was their first year participating in scholarly gaming. Most participants were male (n=387, 82.2%). Only 58% (n=273) reported their race as White. The average self-esteem score at baseline was 17.9 (SD 5.1). Low self-esteem was reported in 22.1% (n=104) of participants. About 57.7% (n=60) of participants with low self-esteem at baseline rated themselves within the average level of self-esteem post intervention. When looking at the two groups, self-esteem scores improved by 8.3% among the +MHM group compared to no change among the -MHM group (P=.002). Subgroup analyses revealed that improvements in self-esteem attributed to the +MHM intervention differed by race, gender, and sexual orientation. Conclusions Adolescents enrolled in a scholarly gaming curriculum with +MHM had improved self-esteem, shifting some participants from abnormally low self-esteem scores into normal ranges. Adolescent advocates, including health care providers, need to be aware of nontraditional educational instruction to improve students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libby Matile Milkovich
- Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas CityMO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas CityMO, United States
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Yee AZH, Yu R, Lim SS, Lim KH, Dinh TTA, Loh L, Hadianto A, Quizon M. ScreenLife Capture: An open-source and user-friendly framework for collecting screenomes from Android smartphones. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:4068-4085. [PMID: 36289177 PMCID: PMC9607811 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-02006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As our interactions with each other become increasingly digitally mediated, there is growing interest in the study of people's digital experiences. To better understand digital experiences, some researchers have proposed the use of screenomes. This involves the collection of sequential high-frequency screenshots which provide detailed objective records of individuals' interaction with screen devices over time. Despite its usefulness, there remains no readily available tool that researchers can use to run their own screenome studies. To fill this gap, we introduce ScreenLife Capture, a user-friendly and open-source software to collect screenomes from smartphones. Using this tool, researchers can set up smartphone screenome studies even with limited programming knowledge and resources. We piloted the tool in an exploratory mixed-method study of 20 college students, collecting over 740,000 screenshots over a 2-week period. We found that smartphone use is highly heterogeneous, characterized by threads of experiences. Using in-depth interviews, we also explored the impact that constant background surveillance of smartphone use had on participants. Participants generally had slight psychological discomfort which fades after a few days, would suspend screen recording for activity perceived to be extremely private, and recounted slight changes in behavior. Implications for future research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z H Yee
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Ryan Yu
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Sun Sun Lim
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Kwan Hui Lim
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Tien Tuan Anh Dinh
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Lionell Loh
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Andre Hadianto
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Miguel Quizon
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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Ahmed KR, Horwood S, Khan A. Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Adolescents' Mental Health: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1102-1108. [PMID: 37611913 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based multicomponent physical activity intervention on mental health of adolescents. METHODS A clustered, randomized, controlled trial was employed in 8 high schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group; 40 students in grades 8 and 9 from each school took part in the trial (n = 160/group). Students in the intervention schools participated in a 12-week physical activity intervention with multiple components (eg, supervised circuits, lunchtime sports, health education, infographics), while control schools received no intervention. Participants completed baseline and postintervention surveys measuring depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder), along with other sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate the intervention effects. RESULTS Depressive symptoms in the intervention group decreased at postintervention, but remained stable in the control group. There was an increase in life satisfaction in the intervention group and a decrease in the control group. Multivariable modeling showed that students in the intervention group had a significantly lower level of depressive symptoms (β = -4.60; 95% confidence interval, -5.76 to -3.46) and higher level of life satisfaction (β = 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 2.10) compared with their counterparts in the control group. Sensitivity analyses supported the positive effects of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Our school-based, multicomponent physical activity intervention is effective in improving mental health indicators in adolescents. Future trials should be ramped up to include schools in rural and regional settings, using robust measures of mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Rumana Ahmed
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka,Bangladesh
| | - Sharon Horwood
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
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Forte C, O'Sullivan D, McDowell CP, Hallgren M, Woods CB, Herring MP. Associations between screen-time, physical activity and depressive symptoms differ based on gender and screen-time mode. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2313-2322. [PMID: 36097092 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are associated with positive and negative mental health outcomes among adolescents, respectively. Research is needed to determine the interrelationship between ST and PA with depressive symptoms and the influence of ST modes. This study examines the associations between ST and PA level with depressive symptoms among 1756 adolescents (15.2 ± 1.6y; 995 female) in Ireland. Participants completed the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and self-reported weekly ST (TV, computer, and phone use) and PA level (low, moderate, and high). Linear regressions examined associations between ST mode, PA level and relevant covariates with depressive symptoms in the full sample by gender, and in a sample stratified by PA level. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA examined gender differences in hours of ST, PA levels, and depressive symptoms. Differential associations were observed depending on the gender and ST mode. Higher levels of computer (β = 0.106, p ≤ 0.000) and phone use (β = 0.138, p ≤ 0.000) showed the strongest associations with depressive symptoms. PA level was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (β = - 0.175, p ≤ 0.000). When the sample was stratified by PA level, only associations between phone use and depressive symptoms were moderated by PA level for males and females. These findings highlight the complex interrelationships between ST, PA, and depressive symptoms, and that associations may vary based on gender and ST mode. This may have implications for future interventions. Increasing PA and reducing ST should be targeted concurrently with consideration given to different media and genders. Future research should explore longitudinal and prospective associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Forte
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Darragh O'Sullivan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cillian P McDowell
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Smithfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use, and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Cilar Budler L, Stiglic G. Age, quality of life and mental well-being in adolescent population: a network model tree analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17667. [PMID: 37848537 PMCID: PMC10582244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of a network-based analysis of health related quality of life (HRQoL) among Slovenian adolescents. The study aimed to examine the relationship between HRQoL and mental well-being among adolescents of different age and gender groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 in 16 primary and 9 secondary schools in Slovenia. The KIDSCREEN-27 scale was used to collect the data on HRQoL, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale to collect data on mental well-being. We used network model trees to demonstrate differences in psychometric network structure measuring correlations between different concepts in adolescent HRQoL. A total of 2972 students aged 10-19 years participated in the study. The significant split in the network tree (p < 0.001) indicated differences in relations between HRQoL subscale scores and mental well-being score among adolescents younger than 12 years old. In comparison to older adolescents the correlation between mental well-being and mood scores was significantly weaker in this group of the youngest participants (p < 0.001). A network model tree analysis also uncovered an interesting pattern based on gender and age (p < 0.013) where a correlation between mood and family support became weaker for female at the age of 12 and for male at the age of 16. Data mining techniques have recently been used by healthcare researchers and professionals. Network-based analysis is an innovative alternative to classical approaches in HRQoL research. In this study we demonstrate the significant differences in the perceptions of HRQoL and mental well-being among adolescents in different age and gender groups that were discovered using tree-based network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Cilar Budler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Zitna ulica 15, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Stiglic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Zitna ulica 15, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
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Khan A, Moni MA, Khan SR, Burton NW. Different types of screen time are associated with low life satisfaction in adolescents across 37 European and North American countries. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:918-925. [PMID: 35352599 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221082459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prolonged screen time (ST) is a potential concern for poor wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the associations of different types of ST with life satisfaction among adolescents. METHODS Data were from 380,446 adolescents (aged 11-15 years, 51% girls) across 37 European and North American countries who completed the 2010 and 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys. Participants reported h/day during free time spent on television, electronic games, and computer/other devices. Life satisfaction was assessed using a 10-point scale (low life satisfaction ⩽5). RESULTS Generalized additive modelling showed non-linear associations for each ST type, with low life satisfaction increasing monotonically for >1 h/day of electronic gaming or computer/other device and >2 h/day of watching television. Multilevel multivariable modelling showed that >4 h/day of watching television was associated with 26% higher odds for boys (OR 1.26; 95% CI:1.21-1.32) and 52% higher odds for girls (1.52; 1.46-1.59) of low life satisfaction than for ⩽1 h/day of television. Electronic gaming >4 h/day was associated with low life satisfaction with odds 42% higher in boys (1.42, 1.36-1.48) and 69% higher in girls (1.69, 1.61-1.76). A similar association was found for >4 h/day of computer/other device for boys (1.43, 1.37-1.49) and girls (1.71, 1.65-1.77). CONCLUSIONS
Low levels of ST may be beneficial; however, prolonged periods are associated with low life satisfaction among adolescents, in particular among girls. Results support ⩽2 h/day restriction of ST and highlight research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of ST and wellbeing, which may not reflect active versus passive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammad A Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Shanchita R Khan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
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12
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Haile SR, Gunz S, Peralta GP, Ulytė A, Raineri A, Rueegg S, Yasenok V, Radtke T, Puhan MA, Kriemler S. Health-Related Quality of Life and Adherence to Physical Activity and Screen Time Recommendations in Schoolchildren: Longitudinal Cohort Ciao Corona. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606033. [PMID: 37538234 PMCID: PMC10394228 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated changes in adherence to physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) recommendations of children and adolescents throughout the pandemic, and their association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods: 1,769 primary (PS, grades 1-6) and secondary (SS, 7-9) school children from Ciao Corona, a school-based cohort study in Zurich, Switzerland, with five questionnaires 2020-2022. HRQOL was assessed using the KINDL questionnaire. PA (≥60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA) and ST (≤2 h/day ST) recommendations followed WHO guidelines. Results: Adherence to PA recommendations dropped in 2020 (83%-59% PS, 77%-52% SS), but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2022 (79%, 66%). Fewer children met ST recommendations in 2020 (74% PS, 29% SS) and 2021 (82%, 37%) than pre-pandemic (95%, 68%). HRQOL decreased 3 points between 2020 and 2022, and was 9.7 points higher (95% CI 3.0-16.3) in March 2021 in children who met both versus no recommendations. Conclusion: Adherence to WHO guidelines on PA and ST during the pandemic had a consistent association with HRQOL despite longitudinal changes in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Gunz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela P. Peralta
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnė Ulytė
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Raineri
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Rueegg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Yasenok
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Nilsen SA, Stormark KM, Heradstveit O, Breivik K. Trends in physical health complaints among adolescents from 2014 - 2019: Considering screen time, social media use, and physical activity. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101394. [PMID: 37114241 PMCID: PMC10126924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising rates of physical and mental health complaints among adolescents observed in many countries have coincided with an increased time spent on screen-based devices, including social media use. We sought to document recent trends in physical health complaints (PHC) and whether co-occurring trends in screen time, social media use, and physical activity may account for these trends. To achieve these aims, we used data from the nationwide Ungdata surveys conducted annually at the municipality level in Norway, comprising 419,934 adolescents aged 13-18 from six survey years (2014-2019). Six items assessed PHC, including neck and shoulder pain, headache, and abdominal pain, during the past month. To account for the nesting structure of Ungdata, and to exploit the variation within and between municipalities, we used multilevel analyses with adolescents nested in municipality-years (n = 669), nested in municipalities (n = 345). We found a small to moderate linear increase in number of PHC among boys and girls from 2014 to 2019. Screen time and social media use moderately attenuated the trend for girls, and to a lesser extent for boys. Screen time and social media use were further positively associated with PHC across the between and within-municipality levels, and social media use was more strongly associated with PHC for girls than boys across all levels of analysis. A similar pattern emerged when considering each symptom individually. The results suggest that the prevalence of PHC rose in tandem with a group-level shift towards higher screen time and social media use. Moreover, the results indicate that higher screen time and social media use may have led to changes in the youth culture with potential consequences for adolescents' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author. Norwegian Research Centre, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kyrre Breivik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Santos RMS, Mendes CG, Sen Bressani GY, de Alcantara Ventura S, de Almeida Nogueira YJ, de Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA. The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:127. [PMID: 37081557 PMCID: PMC10117262 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents have extensive use of screens and, they have common complains related to mental health. Here a systematic review was done to understand the association between screen time and adolescent's mental health. METHOD This review was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. An update search was performed in January 2023 with the following keywords: "screen time," "adolescent," and "mental health" on PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. RESULTS 50 articles were included, most have found associations between screen exposure and mental health in adolescents. The most used device by adolescents was the smartphone and the use on weekdays was associated with diminished mental well-being. Social media use was negatively associated with mental well-being and, in girls, associated at higher risk for depression. CONCLUSION Excessive screen time in adolescents seems associated with mental health problems. Given the profusion and disparity of the results, additional studies are needed to clarify elements such as the screen content or the interaction of adolescents with different screen devices. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022302817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maria Silva Santos
- Graduate Program Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Camila Guimarães Mendes
- Graduate Program Children and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Yanq Sen Bressani
- Graduate Program Children and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Samara de Alcantara Ventura
- Scientific Research Program Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Sun J, Jiang X, Wei S. Combinations of physical activity, screen time and sleep, and their association with subjective wellbeing in children. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 51:101720. [PMID: 36812734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective wellbeing is an important indicator of health outcomes in children. 24-hour movement behaviours (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and their combination), a set of modifiable lifestyle behaviours, have been demonstrated to be associated with subjective wellbeing. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the compliance of the 24-h movement guidelines and subjective wellbeing in a sample of Chinese children. METHODS Cross-sectional data from primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province, China were used for the analysis. A total of 1098 study participants (mean age: 11.6 years, body mass index: 19.7 ± 2.9) were included, of which 51.5% were boys. Physical activity, screen time, sleep, and subjective wellbeing were measured using validated self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between the compliance of different combinations of 24-h movement guidelines and subjective wellbeing in participants. RESULTS The compliance of (i.e., physical activity recommendations, screen time recommendations and sleep recommendations) 24-h movement guidelines was associated with better subjective wellbeing (OR: 2.09; 95CI%: 1.01-5.90) compared to the compliance of none of the guidelines. Furthermore, there was a dose-response relationship between the number of guidelines met (3 > 2 > 1 > 0) and improved subjective wellbeing (p < 0.05). Despite some exceptions, there was a significant relationship between the compliance of different combinations of the guidelines and better subjective wellbeing. CONCLUSION This study found that the compliance of 24-h movement guidelines was associated with greater subjective wellbeing in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shanshan Wei
- Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
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16
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Liang K, Chen S, Chi X. Differential Associations Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines With Mental Wellbeing and Mental Illness Among Chinese Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:658-666. [PMID: 36599758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.11.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contemporary mental health models simultaneously consider psychological distress and wellness. Researchers have proposed that adhering to the 24-hour movement guidelines (24-HMG) contributes to mental health. 24-HMG integrates recommendations of time distribution among sleep, screen use, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Yet, there are few studies on the relationship between meeting 24-HMG and mental health, especially mental wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the associations between adherence to 24-HMG with mental wellbeing and mental illness among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 67,281 Chinese adolescents aged 10-17 years (mean age = 13.0 years, 51.9% males) were collected by sending online questionnaires to local primary and middle schools in Shenzhen in 2021. We used multilevel generalized linear models to analyze associations between meeting 24-HMG with mental wellbeing (subjective wellbeing, resilience, and positive youth development) and mental illness (depression and anxiety). RESULTS Only 1.7% of participants met recommendations for all three behaviors (sleep, screen use, and MVPA). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, participants who met one or more recommendations reported significantly better performance in mental wellbeing (all p < .001); on the contrary, meeting one or more recommendations (except for only meeting the MVPA recommendation) were significantly related to lower severity of mental illness (all p < .001). The relationship between the number of recommendations met with mental well-being and mental illness indicators presented a dose-response pattern (all p < .001). DISCUSSION Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior mental health, including a higher propensity for mental wellbeing and a lower risk of mental illness. The importance of limiting screen time and getting enough sleep should be highlighted in promoting mental health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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17
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Felin Fochesatto C, Brand C, Menezes F, Cristi-Montero C, Araujo Gaya AC, Leite N, Reis Gaya A. Sedentary time play a moderator role in the relationship between physical fitness and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in children. A pilot study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:119-124. [PMID: 36514381 PMCID: PMC9730215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Despite some advances, there are many controversies concerning brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its relationships with variables related to physical fitness and sedentary time, especially in children. The aim of the study was to explore the moderating role of sedentary time on the association between physical fitness and BDNF. Therefore, this study will add to the perspective of understanding how much time children may spend being sedentary with no deleterious influence on the positive association between physical fitness and BDNF. Methods This cross-sectional study included 44 children aged between 6 and 11 years (9.02 ± 1.43) from a public school in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was determined by the 6-min walk/run test, and muscular strength was determined through the lower limb strength test (LLS). Sedentary time was assessed through accelerometers, and blood samples were collected to determine serum BDNF levels (z score). Moderation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro adjusted for sex, age, somatic maturation, waist circumference, and socioeconomic level. Results Sedentary time moderates the relationship between CRF and BDNF, such that children should spend less than 511 minutes per day sedentary to achieve the benefits of CRF in BDNF concentrations. Conclusion Sedentary time plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between CRF and BDNF. Therefore, to promote brain health in children, both increasing physical fitness and reducing sedentary time might be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Felin Fochesatto
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Corresponding author. School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - 750, Felizardo St., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisco Menezes
- School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Halsall T, Mahmoud K, Iyer SN, Orpana H, Zeni M, Matheson K. Implications of time and space factors related with youth substance use prevention: a conceptual review and case study of the Icelandic Prevention Model being implemented in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2149097. [PMID: 36419342 PMCID: PMC9704084 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2149097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This research examines the implementation of the Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) in Canada to identify opportunities revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic to re-design our social eco-system to promote wellbeing. This paper has two objectives: 1) to provide a conceptual review of research that applies the bioecological model to youth substance use prevention with a focus on the concepts of time and physical space use and 2) to describe a case study that examines the implementation of the IPM in Canada within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Study data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders involved in implementing the IPM. Results: Findings are organized within three over-arching themes derived from a thematic analysis: 1) Issues that influence time and space use patterns and youth substance use, 2) Family and community cohesion and influences on developmental context and time use and 3) Opportunities presented by the pandemic that can promote youth wellbeing. Conclusion: We apply the findings to research on the IPM as well as the pandemic to examine opportunities that may support primary prevention and overall youth wellbeing. We use the concepts of time and space as a foundation to discuss implications for policy and practice going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Halsall
- Youth Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kianna Mahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Srividya N. Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Heather Orpana
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Zeni
- Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Matheson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhu L, Ru S, Wang W, Dou Q, Li Y, Guo L, Chen X, Wang W, Li W, Zhu Z, Yang L, Lu C, Yan B. Associations of physical activity and screen time with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:55. [PMID: 37766541 PMCID: PMC10569969 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of idiopathic scoliosis, affecting approximately 0.61%-6.15% adolescents worldwide. To date, the results on the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and AIS were inconsistent, and the association between screen time (ST) and AIS remained unclear. This study aimed to describe MVPA and ST among adolescents, and to explore the independent and joint associations between PA, ST, and AIS. METHODS A frequency-matched case-control study based on the 2021 Chinese School-based Scoliosis Screening Program in Shenzhen city, south China, was conducted. The research involved 494 AIS patients (aged 9-17 years) and 994 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. MVPA and ST were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression models estimated associations between PA, ST, and AIS. RESULTS Compared to subjects meeting the recommended 60-min daily of MVPA, adolescents reporting daily MVPA time less than 60 min had 1.76 times higher odds of experiencing AIS (95% CI: 1.32-2.35) and adolescents reporting daily MVPA in inactive status had 2.14 times higher odds of experiencing AIS (95% CI: 1.51-3.03). Moreover, participants reporting ST for 2 hours or more had 3.40 times higher odds of AIS compared with those reporting ST less than 2 hours (95% CI: 2.35-4.93). When compared with the adolescents reporting both ST and MVPA meeting the guidelines recommended times (ST < 2 h and MVPA ≥ 60 min/day), those reporting both ST ≥ 2 h and MVPA in inactive status are 8.84 times more likely to develop AIS (95% CI: 3.99-19.61). CONCLUSIONS This study reported that the insufficient MVPA, especially MVPA in inactive status, and excessive ST were risk factors for AIS. Additionally, the joint effects of insufficient MVPA and excessive ST probably increase the risk of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Zhu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouhang Ru
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufen Dou
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Sara G, Wu J, Uesi J, Jong N, Perkes I, Knight K, O’Leary F, Trudgett C, Bowden M. Growth in emergency department self-harm or suicidal ideation presentations in young people: Comparing trends before and since the COVID-19 first wave in New South Wales, Australia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:58-68. [PMID: 35266405 PMCID: PMC9791324 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221082518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-harm presentations in children and young people have increased internationally over the last decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to worsen these trends. OBJECTIVE To describe trends in emergency department self-harm or suicidal ideation presentations for children and young people in New South Wales before and since the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We studied presentations for self-harm or suicidal ideation by 10- to 24-year-olds to New South Wales emergency departments, using interrupted time series analysis to compare annualised growth before COVID (2015 to February 2020) and since COVID (March 2020 to June 2021). Subgroup analyses compared age group, gender, triage category, rurality and disadvantage. Time series decomposition via generalised additive models identified long-term, seasonal and short-term trends. RESULTS Self-harm or suicidal ideation presentations by young people in New South Wales increased by 8.4% per annum pre-COVID. Growth accelerated since COVID, to 19.2% per annum, primarily due to increased presentations by females aged 13-17 years (47.1% per annum since COVID, from 290 per 10,000 in 2019 to 466 per 10,000 in 2021). Presentations in males aged 10-24 years did not increase since COVID (105.4 per 10,000 in 2019, 109.8 per 10,000 in 2021) despite growing 9.9% per annum before COVID. Presentation rates accelerated significantly in socio-economically advantaged areas. Presentations in children and adolescents were strongly linked to school semesters. CONCLUSION Emergency department self-harm or suicidal ideation presentations by New South Wales young people grew steadily before COVID. Understanding the sustained increase remains a priority. Growth has increased since COVID particularly for adolescent females, but not among adolescent males. Surprisingly, the largest post-COVID increases in annual growth occurred in socio-economically advantaged and urban regions. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have added new challenges, particularly in females in the developmentally critical early adolescent and teenage years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Sara
- NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Grant Sara, NSW Ministry of Health, Locked Mail Bag 2030, St Leonards, NSW 1590, Australia.
| | - Jianyun Wu
- NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - John Uesi
- NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Nancy Jong
- NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Iain Perkes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychiatry and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia,Department of Psychological Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Randwick, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Knight
- Psychological Medicine, The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Fenton O’Leary
- Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia,The University of Sydney Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carla Trudgett
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Randwick, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Bowden
- NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia,Department of Psychological Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Randwick, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lee EY, Shih AC, Collins M, Kim YB, Nader PA, Bhawra J, Katapally TR, Tanaka C, Saonuam P, Katewongsa P, Widyastari DA, Huang WY, Wong SH, Khan A, Subedi N, Paudel S, Chang CK, Wu CL, Jeon JY, Kim YS, Loney T, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Chen B, Cagas JY, Wong JE, Shahril MR, Mahendra A, Tremblay MS. Report card grades on physical activity for children and adolescents from 18 Asian countries: Patterns, trends, gaps, and future recommendations. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Associations of excessive screen time and early screen exposure with health-related quality of life and behavioral problems among children attending preschools. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2440. [PMID: 36575397 PMCID: PMC9795659 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both excessive screen time and early screen exposure have been linked to children's health outcomes, but few studies considered these two exposures simultaneously. The aim of this study was to explore the independent and interactive associations of excessive screen time and early screen exposure with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and behavioral problems among Chinese children attending preschools. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 4985 children aged between 3 and 6 years was conducted in Chengdu, China. Each parent has finished an online questionnaire regarding their children's screen use, HRQOL, and behavioral problems. Children with screen time over 1 h/day were considered as having excessive screen time. Early screen exposure was defined if the children had started using screen-based media before the age of 2 years. HRQOL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0), while behavioral problems were confirmed with the 48-item Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48). RESULTS Of the 4985 children (2593 boys and 2392 girls) included, the mean age was 4.6 (SD: 1.0) years. After adjustment for confounders and early screen exposure, excessive screen time was significantly associated with worse HRQOL scores in all dimensions and summary scales, as well as each type of behavioral problems (all p values < 0.05). We also found that compared to children with later initiation of screen exposure, those with screen use before the age of 2 years had significantly lower emotional functioning score (β: - 2.13, 95%CI: - 3.17, - 1.09) and psychosocial health summary score (β: - 0.82, 95%CI: - 1.54, - 0.10) of HRQOL, as well as higher risks of conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic problems, impulsive-hyperactive, and hyperactivity index, which were independent of excessive screen use. Furthermore, there were significant interactive effects of excessive screen time and early screen exposure on emotional functioning domain of HRQOL scores and conduct problems. CONCLUSION Excessive screen time and early screen exposure are two independent and interactive factors to children's HRQOL and behavioral problems. Our findings support current guidelines to limit screen exposure in children. Appropriate screen use may represent an important intervention target to improve children's HRQOL and reduce their behavioral problems.
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Webb B, Looi JC, Allison S, Bidargaddi N, Bastiampillai T. Point of view: Could social media use be contributing to rising rates of deliberate self-harm and suicide in Australian youth populations? Australas Psychiatry 2022; 30:694-697. [PMID: 35524370 DOI: 10.1177/10398562221100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A rapid clinical update on the potential interplay between social media use and rates of deliberate self-harm amongst young people in Australia. CONCLUSIONS Rising social media use has been associated with increasing cyberbullying and deliberate self-harm, especially in young women. On the other hand, social media use also provides beneficial support. Examination of problematic social media use in assessments of young people presenting with self-harm may be useful, along with discussion of responses to negative social media. In this point of view, we discuss these matters and the UK Royal College of Psychiatrists' recommendations for reducing the negative impact of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Webb
- College of Medicine and Public Health, 1065Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Cl Looi
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Canberra Hospital, 104822The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia; and
- Consortium of Australian-Academic Psychiatrists for Independent Policy and Research Analysis (CAPIPRA), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stephen Allison
- College of Medicine and Public Health, 1065Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
- Consortium of Australian-Academic Psychiatrists for Independent Policy and Research Analysis (CAPIPRA), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Niranjan Bidargaddi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, 1065Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, 1065Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
- Consortium of Australian-Academic Psychiatrists for Independent Policy and Research Analysis (CAPIPRA), Canberra, ACT, Australia; and
- Department of Psychiatry, 2541Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Peralta GP, Camerini AL, Haile SR, Kahlert CR, Lorthe E, Marciano L, Nussbaumer A, Radtke T, Ulyte A, Puhan MA, Kriemler S. Lifestyle Behaviours of Children and Adolescents During the First Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland and Their Relation to Well-Being: An Observational Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604978. [PMID: 36158782 PMCID: PMC9496876 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe changes in adherence to recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration over the first two waves of the pandemic in Switzerland, and to assess the associations of these lifestyle behaviours with life satisfaction and overall health as well-being indicators.Methods: In this observational study, we included 2,534 participants (5–16 years) from four Swiss cantons. Participants, or their parents, completed repeated questionnaires and reported on their (child’s) lifestyle and well-being, between June 2020 and April 2021. We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the associations between lifestyle and well-being.Results: The percentage of children meeting the recommendations for PA and ST decreased from the pre-pandemic period to the first wave, with a slight recovery during the second wave. Participants meeting all three recommendations during the second wave were more likely to report excellent health (OR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.00–2.76]) and higher life satisfaction (β: 0.46 [0.16–0.77]) in early 2021 than participants not meeting any recommendation.Conclusion: We showed a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle, and a positive association between meeting lifestyle recommendations and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P. Peralta
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R. Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R. Kahlert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marciano
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andres Nussbaumer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agne Ulyte
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Susi Kriemler,
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Khan A, Gomersall S, Stylianou M. Associations of Passive and Mentally Active Screen Time With Perceived School Performance of 197,439 Adolescents Across 38 Countries. Acad Pediatr 2022; 23:651-658. [PMID: 36028189 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of passive (ie, television) and active (ie, electronic games, computer use) screen time (ST) with perceived school performance of adolescents across gender. METHODS Data were from the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey conducted across 38 European countries and Canada. Perceived school performance was assessed using an item and dichotomized as high (good/very good) versus the remainder (average/below-average as reference). Participants reported hours per day of time spent watching television, playing electronic games, and using a computer in their free time. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the associations. RESULTS A total of 197,439 adolescents (average age 13.6 [standard deviation 1.63] years; 51% girls) were analyzed. Multivariable modeling showed that engaging in >2 h/d of ST was progressively and adversely associated with high performance in both boys and girls. Adolescents reporting >4 h/d of television time (≤1 h/d as reference) had 32% lower odds in boys (odds ratio [OR] 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.71) and 39% lower odds in girls (OR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.65) of reporting high performance. Playing electronic games for >4 h/d was associated with high performance with odds being 38% lower in boys (OR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.59-0.66) and 45% lower in girls (OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.52-0.57). Sex differences in the estimates were mixed. CONCLUSIONS High screen use, whether active or passive, was adversely associated with perceived high school performance, with association estimates being slightly stronger in girls than boys, and for mentally active than passive screen use. Discouraging high levels of screen use of any type could be beneficial to school performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (A Khan and S Gomersall), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sjaan Gomersall
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (A Khan and S Gomersall), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michalis Stylianou
- School of School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences (M Stylianou), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Cross-Sectional Associations between Playing Sports or Electronic Games in Leisure Time and Life Satisfaction in 12-Year-Old Children from the European Union. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1050-1066. [PMID: 36005224 PMCID: PMC9407293 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12080075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leisure time activities in childhood may have a crucial role in the development of subjective well-being. Nevertheless, more research is needed with cross-national samples concerning the differential effects of lifestyles on life satisfaction. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the associations between the frequency of playing sports/exercise or playing electronic games on life satisfaction in a sample of 12-year-old children from nine countries from the European Union. The data used in this publication come from the third wave of the Children’s Worlds project, an international survey of children’s lives and well-being whose administration started in 2017. The sample was composed of 10,626 children (50.9% boys) from Estonia, Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Romania, and Spain. They completed the Student Life Satisfaction Scale and answered two questions to assess the frequency of playing sport or exercise, and the frequency of playing electronic games. The results indicated notable scores in life satisfaction in all participating countries. The results showed some differences between boys and girls, and among the countries, in the frequency of sport practice and electronic games in the leisure time, as well as in the overall level of life satisfaction. The results also underlined that sport practice had a greater positive effect on life satisfaction than the use of electronic games. Thus, this study highlights the need to design programs to promote sport practice in leisure time for 12-year-old children in Europe, in order to protect their subjective well-being.
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Morrison SA. Moving in a hotter world: Maintaining adequate childhood fitness as a climate change countermeasure. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:179-197. [PMID: 37332309 PMCID: PMC10274554 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children cope with high temperatures differently than adults do, largely because of slight alterations in their body proportions and heat loss mechanisms compared to fully mature humans. Paradoxically, all current tools of assessing thermal strain have been developed on adults. As the Earth's warming continues to accelerate, children are set to bear the health risk brunt of rising global temperatures. Physical fitness has a direct impact on heat tolerance, yet children are less fit and more obese than ever before. Longitudinal research reveals that children have 30% lower aerobic fitness than their parents did at the same age; this deficit is greater than can be recovered by training alone. So, as the planet's climate and weather patterns become more extreme, children may become less capable of tolerating it. This comprehensive review provides an outline of child thermoregulation and assessment of thermal strain, before moving to summarize how aerobic fitness can modulate hyperthermia, heat tolerance, and behavioral thermoregulation in this under-researched population. The nature of child physical activity, physical fitness, and one's physical literacy journey as an interconnected paradigm for promoting climate change resilience is explored. Finally, future research foci are suggested to encourage continued exploration of this dynamic field, notable since more extreme, multifactorial environmental stressors are expected to continue challenging the physiological strain of the human population for the foreseeable future.
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Associations of Passive and Active Screen Time With Psychosomatic Complaints of Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:24-32. [PMID: 35725131 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased screen time is a ubiquitous part of adolescent life and is adversely associated with their well-being. However, it remains unclear whether different types of screen time have equivalent associations, or if relationships are dose-dependent. METHODS The data were from 2 nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (2010, 2014) surveys across 44 European and North American countries. Psychosomatic health was assessed using 8 complaints and dichotomized as high or low. Discretionary time spent on passive (e.g., TV) and mentally active (e.g., electronic games, computer use) screen-based activities was categorized into 3 groups. Data were analyzed in 2021. RESULTS The study included 414,489 adolescents (average age, 13.6 [SD=1.63] years; 51.1% girls). Multilevel modeling showed that psychosomatic complaints increased monotonically once all forms of screen time exceeded 2 hours/day. Adolescents reporting high (>4 hours/day) TV time, compared with those reporting low (≤2 hours/day), had higher odds of reporting psychosomatic complaints with 67% higher odds (OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.62, 1.72) in boys and 71% (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.66, 1.75) in girls. High electronic game use was associated with psychosomatic complaints, with odds being 78% higher in boys (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.73, 1.84) and 88% higher in girls (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.82, 1.94). Similar associations were found between computer use and psychosomatic complaints. CONCLUSIONS Passive and mentally active screen time are adversely associated with psychosomatic complaints in a dose-dependent manner, with associations slightly stronger for active than passive screen time. This study supports limiting any type of screen time, either passive or active, to 2 hours/day to foster well-being.
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Khan A, Khan SR, Lee EY. Association between Lifestyle Behaviours and Mental Health of Adolescents: Evidence from the Canadian HBSC Surveys, 2002-2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116899. [PMID: 35682483 PMCID: PMC9180765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are associated with mental health in adolescents, though little is known about their inter-relationships. This study examined the associations of PA and ST with psychosomatic complaints in adolescents. Data from four cycles of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys, collected between 2002 and 2014, were analysed. Eight psychosomatic health complaints were assessed and dichotomised as frequent (≥2 complaints/week) vs. infrequent. PA was assessed by number of days/week participants were physically active for ≥60 min. Discretionary ST was assessed by adding three screen uses: television, electronic games, and computer. Of the 37,829 adolescents (age 13.74 (SD 1.51) years; 52% girls), 25% boys and 39% girls reported frequent psychosomatic complaints. Multilevel logistic analyses showed that ST levels were positively associated while PA levels were negatively associated with reporting frequent psychosomatic complaints in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with ST ≤ 2 hrs/d, ST ≥ 4 hrs/d in girls and ST ≥ 6 hrs/d in boys showed higher odds of reporting psychosomatic complaints. Participating in PA ≥ 60 min every day compared to no PA showed lower odds of reporting psychosomatic complaints by 44% in girls and 57% in boys. Prospective research is needed to understand the causal pathway of these dose-dependent relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-33467456
| | - Shanchita R. Khan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
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Araujo RHO, Werneck AO, Barboza LL, Ramírez-Vélez R, Martins CML, Tassitano RM, Silva ECM, de Jesus GM, Matias TS, de Lima LRA, Brazo-Sayavera J, Silva DR. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of physical activity and sitting time among South American adolescents: a harmonized analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:52. [PMID: 35527268 PMCID: PMC9080195 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of different domains of physical activity (PA) and higher sitting time among South American adolescents. Methods Data from national surveys of 11 South American countries were analyzed, and comprised information on 166,901 adolescents. PA (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-vigorous PA), physical education classes (PEC) (≥ 3 classes/wk), active commuting to school (≥ 1 d/wk), and higher sitting time (≥ 3 h/d) were self-reported. Sociodemographic correlates, such as gender, age, and food security status were explored using a random effect meta-analysis for logistic parameters. Results Recommended PA ranged between 7.5% (Brazil) and 19.0% (Suriname). Peru (2.2%) and Guyana (43.1%) presented the lowest prevalence of PEC and active commuting to school, respectively. Higher sitting time was less prevalent in Bolivia (24.6%) and more prevalent in Argentina (55.6%). Compared to girls, boys were more prone to reach recommendations for PA [OR = 1.94(1.65;2.28)]; to reach ≥ 3 PEC [OR = 1.17(1.04;1.33)] and to be active in commuting to school [(OR = 1.14(1.06;1.23)], but less prone to higher sitting time [OR = 0.89(0.82;0.96)]. Older adolescents had less odds of reach PA guidelines [OR = 0.86(0.77; 0.97)] and accumulated higher sitting time [OR = 1.27(1.14;1.41)]. Adolescents with food insecurity reported more PEC [OR = 1.12(1.04;1.21)] and active commuting to school [OR = 1.12(1.02;1.22)] but had less higher sitting time than their food security pairs [OR = 0.89(0.81;0.98)]. Conclusions Few adolescents reach the PA recommendation. Actions aiming the promotion of PA and the reduction of sitting time must consider girls and older adolescents as target groups, as well as the specifics of each country. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01291-3.
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Pulkki‐Råback L, Barnes JD, Elovainio M, Hakulinen C, Sourander A, Tremblay MS, Guerrero MD. Parental psychological problems were associated with higher screen time and the use of mature-rated media in children. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:825-833. [PMID: 35023210 PMCID: PMC9306600 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim Parents’ psychological problems may affect children's screen time, but research has been scarce. We examined the association between parental psychological problems and children's screen media behaviours in a nationally representative sample. Methods The participants were from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, recruited by probability sampling from the USA population. Children reported their use of TV, videos, video games, social media and mature‐rated media. The parents (85% mothers) reported psychological problems using the Adult Self‐Report questionnaire. Results In 10,650 children (5112 girls, 5538 boys) aged 9.9 ± 0.6 years, the presence of parental psychological problems was associated with children spending more daily time on screen media and with meeting the recommendation of ≤2 daily hours less often than children whose parents did not have psychological problems. Parental psychological problems were associated with children's TV watching, video watching and gaming but not with using social media. Parental internalising problems were associated with children watching mature‐rated movies (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.30) and playing mature‐rated games (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.45). Conclusion Presence of parental psychological problems is associated with higher screen time and use of mature‐rated media in children. This cross‐sectional study was not able to examine causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pulkki‐Råback
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Joel D. Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Turku Helsinki Finland
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Pediatrics University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Health Sciences Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Michelle D. Guerrero
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Willmott TJ, Mathew A, Luck E, Rundle-Thiele S, Carins J, Vincze L, Williams L, Ball L. Participatory design application in obesity prevention targeting young adults and adolescents: a mixed-methods systematic scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:51. [PMID: 35317866 PMCID: PMC8939071 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of obesity is economically and sociologically preferable to treatment, with early intervention key to preventing excess weight gain and obesity. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a critical intervention period. An expert-led, top-down model has dominated obesity prevention research and practice with limited success. Participatory design (PD) offers potential in transforming obesity prevention research and practice by delivering bottom-up solutions that young people value and may therefore voluntarily engage with over time. An evidence synthesis of PD application in obesity prevention targeting adolescents and young adults is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES Report the protocol for a mixed-methods systematic scoping review which aims to integrate and synthesise available evidence on PD application in obesity prevention targeting adolescents and young adults. Specifically, the review will address three research questions: RQ1: How is PD defined in obesity prevention interventions targeting adolescents and young adults? RQ2: To what extent is PD applied in obesity preventions interventions targeting adolescents and young adults? RQ3a: How is the utility of PD evaluated in obesity preventions interventions targeting adolescents and young adults? RQ3b: What is the utility of PD application in obesity prevention interventions targeting adolescents and young adults? METHODS This mixed-methods systematic scoping review protocol adheres to the PRISMA-P guidelines and is informed by the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy and eligibility criteria are informed by the sample, phenomenon of interest, design, evaluation, and research type tool. Eligible studies will be peer-reviewed literature published in English, reporting on PD application in obesity prevention interventions (including intervention development, implementation, and/or evaluation) targeting adolescents and young adults (aged 10-35 years). Study designs will include qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. The review will comprise a systematic literature search, eligibility screening, data extraction, quality assessment using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and data analysis using an iterative narrative evidence synthesis approach. Evidence on PD application will be thematically integrated in terms of who was involved, when they were involved, and how and why they were involved. Further thematic analyses will be conducted according to the MATE taxonomy and the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (UK MRC's) key functions of process evaluations. The MATE taxonomy classifies PD application in terms of methodology, agent of change, training, and engagement. The MRC describes three functions of process evaluations: implementation, mechanisms of impact, and context. Applying both in the evidence synthesis is intended to provide a more complete picture of PD application. Exploratory analyses will be conducted to assess any potential associations between PD application and effectiveness across key outcomes (weight, physical activity, sedentary time, nutrition and dietary habit, mental health, and sleep) reported within intervention evaluations. CONCLUSIONS Elucidating PD application is a prerequisite to establishing its utility. Through the location and synthesis of available evidence on PD application in obesity prevention targeting adolescents and young adults, this review will categorise and describe different methods of PD application and explore the utility of PD application including whether any differences may be observed between PD method applied and the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions. Implications will be delineated from the narrative evidence synthesis to inform future research and advance practice in this context. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021268240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Jade Willmott
- Adelaide Business School, The University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Alieena Mathew
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Eve Luck
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Julia Carins
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Lisa Vincze
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Lauren Williams
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Lauren Ball
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
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The Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Lithuanian Adolescents after the Second Prolonged Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063360. [PMID: 35329053 PMCID: PMC8949903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent research highlights the impact of prolonged pandemics and lockdown on the mental health of youngsters. The second wave of COVID-19 brought an increase in mental health problems among young people. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the main factors arising from intra-individual, inter-individual, and environmental contexts that predict good psychological well-being in a group of adolescents after a second prolonged period of social restrictions and distance education. The study included 1483 school students from 11 to 19 years old. The survey assessed self-reported students’ psychological well-being (WHO-5 index), physical activity, sedentary behavior, school social capital, communication with peers and relationships with parents, existing emotional and behavioral problems. The results indicated that 58% of adolescents were of good psychological well-being in spring 2021, after half a year in lockdown. Almost 19% of adolescents had depression risk. The study revealed that during a period of prolonged isolation, male gender, better relationships between young people and their parents, the absence of serious emotional and behavioral problems, less sedentary behavior, and higher school social capital were found to be significant factors predicting adolescents’ psychological well-being. Lower physical activity is an important contributor to students’ poor well-being. Finally, the lack of face-to-face communication with peers was revealed as a specific factor in predicting adolescents with depression risk.
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Adolescent screen time: associations with school stress and school satisfaction across 38 countries. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2273-2281. [PMID: 35211815 PMCID: PMC8869349 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined associations of watching television, electronic games, computer uses with school stress, and satisfaction among adolescents. Nationally representative data from 38 European and North American countries that participated in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey were analysed. School stress and school satisfaction were each assessed using a 4-point self-reported item and then dichotomised. Participants reported discretional time spent on different screen-based activities. Of the 191,786 participants (age 13.6 [1.6] years; 51% girls), 35% reported high levels of school stress, while 30% reported high satisfaction with their school. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression modelling showed that adolescents reporting watching television > 4 h/day (≤ 1 h/day as reference) had 31% higher odds of school stress (OR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.27-1.35) and 36% less odds of school satisfaction (OR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.62-0.67). Prolonged electronic gaming (> 4 h/day) increased the odds of school stress by 26% (OR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.22-1.30) and decreased the odds of school satisfaction by 37% (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.61-0.65). Adolescents with prolonged computer use had 46% higher odds of school stress (OR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.42-1.50) and 39% lower odds of school satisfaction (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.59-0.63). Association estimates were more evident among younger adolescents than their older counterparts with no apparent gender differences. CONCLUSION Prolonged screen use, irrespective of type, was positively associated with school stress and inversely associated with school satisfaction with high computer use showing the highest adverse associations. Prospective research is needed to understand directionality and mechanisms of these relationships. WHAT IS KNOWN • Screen-based activities are adversely associated with various health and wellbeing indicators in adolescents.. • The relation between screen time and school-related outcomes is yet to understand fully. WHAT IS NEW • Prolonged screen time is associated with increased school stress and decreased school satisfaction in adolescents. • Computer use showed higher adverse associations than watching television or playing electronic games.
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Alothman SA, Alghannam AF, Almasud AA. Anthropometric Measurements, Sociodemographics, and Lifestyle Behaviors among Saudi Adolescents Living in Riyadh Relative to Sex and Activity Energy Expenditure: Findings from the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study 2 (ATLS-2). Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010110. [PMID: 35010983 PMCID: PMC8746972 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the anthropometric measurements, sociodemographics, and lifestyle behaviors among Saudi adolescents relative to sex and physical activity (PA). A random cross-sectional survey conducted on Saudi adolescents from secondary schools in Riyadh, using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Measurements included demographics, weight, height, waist circumference, PA, sedentary behaviors (SB), sleep duration, and dietary habits using a validated questionnaire. A total of 1262 adolescents (16.4 ± 0.95 years; 52.4% males) were studied. Overweight/obesity was more than 40%. Physical inactivity among adolescents was 53%, which indicates some improvement over the past years, especially among females. More than 80% of adolescents had over three hours/day of screen time, with no significant sex differences. Insufficient sleep was highly prevalent with gender differences. A large proportion of the participants did not consume daily breakfast (65.7%), vegetables (73.2%), fruits (84.2%), or milk/dairy products (62.4%), whereas significant proportions of the adolescents consumed sugar-sweetened drinks, fast food, French fries/potato chips, cake/donuts, and chocolates/candy on at least three days or more per week. It was concluded that non-daily intake of breakfast and vegetables was significantly associated with lower PA. The updated information can aid in effectively planning and implementing promotional programs toward improving the lifestyle behaviors of Saudi adolescent.
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Villafaina S, Tapia-Serrano MÁ, Vaquero-Solís M, León-Llamas JL, Sánchez-Miguel PA. The Role of Physical Activity in the Relationship between Satisfaction with Life and Health-Related Quality of Life in School-Age Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11090121. [PMID: 34562959 PMCID: PMC8467321 DOI: 10.3390/bs11090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical stage in the development of healthy habits. In this regard, physical activity has emerged as a useful tool to improve satisfaction with life and health-related quality of life in adolescents. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between satisfaction with life and health-related quality of life in adolescent boys and girls. Also, we aimed to investigate the differences between sexes in the HRQoL, physical activity level, and satisfaction with life. (2) Methods: A total of 297 adolescents, ranging in age from 11 to 12 years (11.46 ± 1.63), participated in this cross-sectional study. The Satisfaction with life scale, Physical activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were employed. (3) Results: The estimated indirect effect showed that physical activity level was a mediator of the positive effect of satisfaction with life on health-related quality of life (β = 0.105, 95% CI = 0.031; 0.202). However, the index of moderated mediation showed that sex is not a significant moderator of the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between satisfaction with life and HRQoL (β = -0.033, 95% CI = -0.023, 0.136). Furthermore, significant differences in satisfaction with life were found, with girls manifesting lower values (p-value = 0.026). (4) Conclusion: This study shows the importance of physical activity during adolescence and the association of this behavior with the health-related quality of life of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Villafaina
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (S.V.); (J.L.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Tapia-Serrano
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mikel Vaquero-Solís
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
| | - Juan Luis León-Llamas
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (S.V.); (J.L.L.-L.)
| | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
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