1
|
Shao M, Wang Q, Lv Q, Zhang Y, Gao G, Lu S. Advances in the research on myokine-driven regulation of bone metabolism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22547. [PMID: 38226270 PMCID: PMC10788812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional view posits that bones and muscles interact primarily through mechanical coupling. However, recent studies have revealed that myokines, proteins secreted by skeletal muscle cells, play a crucial role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Myokines are widely involved in bone metabolism, influencing bone resorption and formation by interacting with factors related to bone cell secretion or influencing bone metabolic pathways. Here, we review the research progress on the myokine regulation of bone metabolism, discuss the mechanism of myokine regulation of bone metabolism, explore the pathophysiological relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and provide future perspectives on myokine research, with the aim of identify potential specific diagnostic markers and therapeutic entry points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MingHong Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - QiYang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - QiuNan Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - YuQiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - GuoXi Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Du S, Cheng Y, Zhu X, Wang Y, Shu S, Men Y, He M, Wang H, He Z, Cai L, Zhu J, Wu Z, Li Y, Feng P. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HWH486 capsules in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I dose-escalation study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111285. [PMID: 38061118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HWH486 inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase and therefore shows promise as a treatment against rheumatoid arthritis and chronic spontaneous urticaria. This phase I trial assessed tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of HWH486 capsules in healthy adults. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study from 10 to 800 mg was conducted in 96 healthy Chinese adults, of whom 80 received HWH486 and 16 received placebo. RESULTS A total of 96 subjects were enrolled, and all completed the study. In the HWH486 group, mean Tmax ranged from 1.03 to 2.00 h, and mean T1/2 ranged from 0.85 to 8.67 h across the dose range from 10 to 800 mg. Mean Cmax increased linearly with dose, while mean AUC0-t increased non-linearly. Occupancy of Bruton's tyrosine kinase peaked within 0.50-4.00 h after administration across the dose groups, and the delay until peak occupancy decreased with increasing dose. Twenty-five subjects (31.25 %) in the HWH486 group experienced 35 treatment-emergent adverse events, while four subjects (25.00 %) in the placebo group experienced eight such events. CONCLUSIONS HWH486 is well tolerated and safe in healthy adults, in whom it can strongly bind Bruton's tyrosine kinase. These findings justify clinical studies of HWH486 efficacy against autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuangqing Du
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Men
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ling Cai
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Yuqiong Li
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Almeida-Junior LA, de Carvalho MS, Almeida LKY, Silva-Sousa AC, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Paula-Silva FWG. TNF-α-TNFR1 Signaling Mediates Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2023; 49:1319-1328.e2. [PMID: 37499863 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the proinflammatory axis TNF-α-TNFR1 in experimentally induced periapical inflammation and bone resorption in mice. METHODS After receiving Ethics Committee Approval (2019.1.139.58.0), experimental apical periodontitis was induced by means of inoculating oral microorganisms into the root canals of molars of mice. Genetically deficient tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 mice (TNFR1-/-; n = 50) response was compared with that of C57Bl6 wild-type mice (wild-type; n = 50) after 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. The analyses performed were micro-computed tomographic, histopathologic, histomicrobiological, and histometric evaluation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 5%). RESULTS TNFR1-/- mice exhibited lower recruitment of neutrophils at 14, 28, and 42 days (P < .05), which resulted in reduced area and volume of apical periodontitis at 42 days (P < .05). The number of osteoclasts was also lower in TNFR1-/- animals at 14 and 42 days (P < .01), along with reduced synthesis of CTSK, MMP-9, and COX-2. Expression of RANKL, but not OPG, was reduced at 14 and 42 days (P < .001). The highest RANKL expression over OPG (ratio > 1) was found in wild-type animals at 7 (P < .0001) and 42 days (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Periapical inflammation and bone resorption were exacerbated in wild-type animals compared with TNFR1-/- mice, demonstrating that the TNF-α-TNFR1 signaling pathway mediated catabolic events in bone after root canal contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcio Santos de Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lana Kei Yamamoto Almeida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Guo DY, Li YY, Chen MN, Zhang ZY, Yuan ZD, Zhang KW, Chen WW, Tian F, Ye JX, Li X, Yuan FL. Physiological functions of podosomes: From structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101842. [PMID: 36621647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing age, bone tissue undergoes significant alterations in composition, architecture, and metabolic functions, probably causing senile osteoporosis. Osteoporosis possess the vast majority of bone disease and associates with a reduction in bone mass and increased fracture risk. Bone loss is on account of the disorder in osteoblast-induced bone formation and osteoclast-induced bone resorption. As a unique bone resorptive cell type, mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts exhibit dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal structures called podosomes that participate in cell-matrix adhesions specialized in the degradation of mineralized bone matrix. Podosomes share many of the same molecular constitutions as focal adhesions, but they have a unique structural organization, with a central core abundant in F-actin and encircled by scaffolding proteins, kinases and integrins. Here, we conclude recent advancements in our knowledge of the architecture and the functions of podosomes. We also discuss the regulatory pathways in osteoclast podosomes, providing a reference for future research on the podosomes of osteoclasts and considering podosomes as a therapeutic target for inhibiting bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Nan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Tian
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xing Ye
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Serum cytokines and bone metabolic markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:721-730. [PMID: 36163441 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION /objectives Several biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have been widely used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These drugs target different molecules important for the pathophysiology of RA; however, only a few studies have compared the effects of these biological drugs on cytokines and bone metabolic markers. The main aim of this study is to clarify the effects of bDMARDs with different modes of action on the cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels in patients with RA. METHODS Patients with RA who were initiated on infliximab, tocilizumab, or abatacept as the first bDMARD were prospectively enrolled in this study. Serum cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels were measured longitudinally, and changes in their levels were compared. RESULTS A total of 174 patients were enrolled in this study, with 55, 70, and 49 patients in the infliximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept groups, respectively. At six months, despite the similar clinical effectiveness of the three drugs, changes in the cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels were distinct; interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly increased with infliximab, interleukin-6 levels were increased with tocilizumab, and interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 levels were increased with abatacept treatment. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels increased more significantly with tocilizumab than with infliximab, while osteopontin and osteonectin levels decreased with infliximab treatment. CONCLUSIONS bDMARDs with different modes of action exert different effects on the cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels in patients with RA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mijanović O, Jakovleva A, Branković A, Zdravkova K, Pualic M, Belozerskaya TA, Nikitkina AI, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Cathepsin K in Pathological Conditions and New Therapeutic and Diagnostic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213762. [PMID: 36430239 PMCID: PMC9698382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a part of the family of cysteine proteases involved in many important processes, including the degradation activity of collagen 1 and elastin in bone resorption. Changes in levels of CatK are associated with various pathological conditions, primarily related to bone and cartilage degradation, such as pycnodysostosis (associated with CatK deficiency), osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis (associated with CatK overexpression). Recently, the increased secretion of CatK is being highly correlated to vascular inflammation, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Wegener granulomatosis, berylliosis, tuberculosis, as well as with tumor progression. Due to the wide spectrum of diseases in which CatK is involved, the design and validation of active site-specific inhibitors has been a subject of keen interest in pharmaceutical companies in recent decades. In this review, we summarized the molecular background of CatK and its involvement in various diseases, as well as its clinical significance for diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olja Mijanović
- Dia-M, LCC, 7 b.3 Magadanskaya Str., 129345 Moscow, Russia
- The Human Pathology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ana Branković
- Department of Forensics Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Cara Dusana 196, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Zdravkova
- AD Alkaloid Skopje, Boulevar Alexander the Great 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milena Pualic
- Institute Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatiana A. Belozerskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Angelina I. Nikitkina
- ArhiMed Clinique for New Medical Technologies, Vavilova St. 68/2, 119261 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9261180220
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang R, Peng S, Zhu G. The role of secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells in bone remodeling. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:227-232. [PMID: 35898473 PMCID: PMC9309401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling is connected with the regulated balance between bone cell populations (including bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte). And the mechanism of bone remodeling activity is related to the major pathway, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling axis. Recently, researchers have found a novel cytokine secreted by activated T cells, which is related to osteoclastogenesis in the absence of osteoblasts or RANKL, leading to bone destruction. They name it the secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT). SOFAT has been proven to play an essential role in bone remodeling, like mediating the bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. In this review, we outline the latest research concerning SOFAT and discuss the characteristics, location, and regulation of SOFAT. We also summarize the clinical progress of SOFAT and assume the future therapeutic target in some diseases related to bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Box CD, Cronin O, Hauser B. The Impact of High Dose Glucocorticoids on Bone Health and Fracture Risk in Systemic Vasculitides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:806361. [PMID: 35250864 PMCID: PMC8889574 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.806361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic vasculitides are a range of conditions characterized by inflammation of blood vessels which may manifest as single organ or life-threatening multisystem disease. The treatment of systemic vasculitis varies depending on the specific disease but historically has involved initial treatment with high dose glucocorticoids alone or in conjunction with other immunosuppressive agents. Prolonged glucocorticoid treatment is frequently required as maintenance treatment. Patients with small and large vessel vasculitis are at increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis may occur due to intrinsic factors such as chronic inflammation, impaired renal function and to a large extent due to pharmacological therapy with high dose glucocorticoid or combination treatments. This review will outline the known mechanism of bone loss in vasculitis and will summarize factors attributing to fracture risk in different types of vasculitis. Osteoporosis treatment with specific consideration for patients with vasculitis will be discussed. The use of glucocorticoid sparing immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of systemic vasculitis is a significant area of ongoing research. Adjunctive treatments are used to reduce cumulative doses of glucocorticoids and therefore may significantly decrease the associated fracture risk in patients with vasculitis. Lastly, we will highlight the many unknowns in the relation between systemic vasculitis, its treatment and bone health and will outline key research priorities for this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Cronin
- Department of Rheumatology, Bon Secours Hospital Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Hauser
- Rheumatic Disease Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Barbara Hauser,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benefits and mechanisms of polysaccharides from Chinese medicinal herbs for anti-osteoporosis therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1996-2005. [PMID: 34767882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease with an increasing incidence rate. Chinese medicinal herbs have a long history of treating bone diseases. Polysaccharides are an important category of phytochemicals in Chinese medicinal herbs, and their health benefits have increased the interest of the public. Numerous studies have indicated that polysaccharides exhibit anti-osteoporosis effects by balancing bone resorption and bone formation, but the detailed effects and mechanism have not been systematically summarized. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to consolidate studies for the period 2000-2021 by conducting electronic searches on the PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. In total, polysaccharides from 19 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs in 54 studies have shown bone homeostasis protective properties. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that polysaccharides present properties in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, senile osteoporosis, and glucocorticoid-induced secondary osteoporosis, especially postmenopausal osteoporosis. Moreover, a number of signalling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, BMP/SMAD/RUNX2 signalling pathway, OPG/RANKL/RANK signalling pathway, apoptosis pathway, and transcription factors, are regulated by polysaccharides and participate in improving bone homeostasis. This review will provide a better understanding of the anti-osteoporotic effects of polysaccharides and the concomitant modulations of signalling pathways.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu YT, Ding HH, Lin ZM, Wang Q, Chen L, Liu SS, Yang XQ, Zhu FH, Huang YT, Cao SQ, Yang FM, Song ZL, Ding J, Geng MY, Xie H, Zhang A, He SJ, Zuo JP. A novel tricyclic BTK inhibitor suppresses B cell responses and osteoclastic bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1653-1664. [PMID: 33441995 PMCID: PMC8463590 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by joint leukocyte infiltration, synovial inflammation and bone damage result from osteoclastogenesis. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key regulator of B cell receptor (BCR) and Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) signaling involved in the pathobiology of RA and other autoimmune disorders. SOMCL-17-016 is a potent and selective tricyclic BTK inhibitor, structurally distinct from other known BTK inhibitors. In present study we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of SOMCL-17-016 in a mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and underlying mechanisms. CIA mice were administered SOMCL-17-016 (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig), or ibrutinib (25 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) or acalabrutinib (25 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 15 days. We showed that oral administration of SOMCL-17-016 dose-dependently ameliorated arthritis severity and bone damage in CIA mice; it displayed a higher in vivo efficacy than ibrutinib and acalabrutinib at the corresponding dosage. We found that SOMCL-17-016 administration dose-dependently inhibited anti-IgM-induced proliferation and activation of B cells from CIA mice, and significantly decreased anti-IgM/anti-CD40-stimulated RANKL expression in memory B cells from RA patients. In RANKL/M-CSF-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, SOMCL-17-016 prevented osteoclast differentiation and abolished RANK-BTK-PLCγ2-NFATc1 signaling. In summary, this study demonstrates that SOMCL-17-016 presents distinguished therapeutic effects in the CIA model. SOMCL-17-016 exerts a dual inhibition of B cell function and osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that it to be a promising drug candidate for RA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Hua Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ze-Min Lin
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Que Wang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue-Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Qi Cao
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang-Ming Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Lan Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mei-Yu Geng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hua Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Shi-Jun He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hattori H, Takaoka K, Ueta M, Oshitani M, Tamaoka J, Noguchi K, Kishimoto H. Senescent RAW264.7 cells exhibit increased production of nitric oxide and release inducible nitric oxide synthase in exosomes. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:681. [PMID: 34318909 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging cells not only cease growing, but also secrete various proteins such as inflammatory cytokines. This secretory phenomenon is known as the senescence‑associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of senescence on the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) and corresponding SASP. RAW264.7 cells were used as OCPs and were cultured to passage (P)5, P10 and P20. Cell proliferation assays, senescence‑associated β‑galactosidase staining and telomere length quantification were subsequently performed, and it was revealed that replicative senescence was induced at P20. In addition, the level of tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase activity in P20 cells treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand was significantly lower than that in P5 and P10 cells. The SASP factors interleukin‑6, tumour necrosis factor‑α and nitric oxide were significantly increased in P20 culture supernatants compared with those in P5 and P10 supernatants. Furthermore, the number of exosomes at P20 was increased compared with that at P5 and P10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in exosomes at P20, but not in exosomes at P5. In conclusion, the present study revealed that senescent RAW264.7 cells exhibit increased expression of SASP factors and release iNOS in exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Hattori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Miho Ueta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oshitani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Joji Tamaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kishimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heubel B, Nohe A. The Role of BMP Signaling in Osteoclast Regulation. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 34203252 PMCID: PMC8293073 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965 when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent decades, the effects of BMPs on bone formation and maintenance were established. BMPs induce proliferation in osteoprogenitor cells and increase mineralization activity in osteoblasts. The role of BMPs in bone homeostasis and repair led to the approval of BMP2 by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to increase the bone formation in the treated area. However, the use of BMP2 for treatment of degenerative bone diseases such as osteoporosis is still uncertain as patients treated with BMP2 results in the stimulation of not only osteoblast mineralization, but also osteoclast absorption, leading to early bone graft subsidence. The increase in absorption activity is the result of direct stimulation of osteoclasts by BMP2 working synergistically with the RANK signaling pathway. The dual effect of BMPs on bone resorption and mineralization highlights the essential role of BMP-signaling in bone homeostasis, making it a putative therapeutic target for diseases like osteoporosis. Before the BMP pathway can be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis a better understanding of how BMP-signaling regulates osteoclasts must be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Heubel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ohnishi T, Ogawa Y, Suda K, Komatsu M, Harmon SM, Asukai M, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, Minami A. Molecular Targeted Therapy for the Bone Loss Secondary to Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using Medications for Osteoporosis: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094453. [PMID: 33923233 PMCID: PMC8123121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic spondylodiscitis can cause severe osteolytic and destructive lesions in the spine. Elderly or immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases; specifically, infections in the spine can impair the ability of the spine to support the trunk, causing patients to be bedridden, which can also severely affect the physical condition of patients. Although treatments for osteoporosis have been well studied, treatments for bone loss secondary to infection remain to be elucidated because they have pathological manifestations that are similar to but distinct from those of osteoporosis. Recently, we encountered a patient with severely osteolytic pyogenic spondylodiscitis who was treated with romosozumab and exhibited enhanced bone formation. Romosozumab stimulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, causing robust bone formation and the inhibition of bone resorption, which exceeded the bone loss secondary to infection. Bone loss due to infections involves the suppression of osteoblastogenesis by osteoblast apoptosis, which is induced by the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and osteoclastogenesis with the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand-receptor combination and subsequent activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 and c-Fos. In this study, we review and discuss the molecular mechanisms of bone loss secondary to infection and analyze the efficacy of the medications for osteoporosis, focusing on romosozumab, teriparatide, denosumab, and bisphosphonates, in treating this pathological condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (M.T.); (N.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +11-81-126-63-2151
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Kota Suda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Miki Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Satoko Matsumoto Harmon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Mitsuru Asukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (M.T.); (N.I.)
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (M.T.); (N.I.)
| | - Akio Minami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (S.M.H.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galler KM, Grätz EM, Widbiller M, Buchalla W, Knüttel H. Pathophysiological mechanisms of root resorption after dental trauma: a systematic scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:163. [PMID: 33771147 PMCID: PMC7995728 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this scoping review was to systematically explore the current knowledge of cellular and molecular processes that drive and control trauma-associated root resorption, to identify research gaps and to provide a basis for improved prevention and therapy. Methods Four major bibliographic databases were searched according to the research question up to February 2021 and supplemented manually. Reports on physiologic, histologic, anatomic and clinical aspects of root resorption following dental trauma were included. Duplicates were removed, the collected material was screened by title/abstract and assessed for eligibility based on the full text. Relevant aspects were extracted, organized and summarized. Results 846 papers were identified as relevant for a qualitative summary. Consideration of pathophysiological mechanisms concerning trauma-related root resorption in the literature is sparse. Whereas some forms of resorption have been explored thoroughly, the etiology of others, particularly invasive cervical resorption, is still under debate, resulting in inadequate diagnostics and heterogeneous clinical recommendations. Effective therapies for progressive replacement resorptions have not been established. Whereas the discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is essential to our understanding of resorptive processes, many questions regarding the functional regulation of osteo-/odontoclasts remain unanswered. Conclusions This scoping review provides an overview of existing evidence, but also identifies knowledge gaps that need to be addressed by continued laboratory and clinical research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01510-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Grätz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helge Knüttel
- University Library, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ansalone C, Cole J, Chilaka S, Sunzini F, Sood S, Robertson J, Siebert S, McInnes IB, Goodyear CS. TNF is a homoeostatic regulator of distinct epigenetically primed human osteoclast precursors. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:748-757. [PMID: 33692019 PMCID: PMC8142443 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating myeloid precursors are responsible for post-natal osteoclast (OC) differentiation and skeletal health, although the exact human precursors have not been defined. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis contributes to joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a well-known pro-osteoclastogenic factor. Herein, we investigated the interplay between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANK-L), indispensable for fusion of myeloid precursors and the normal development of OCs, and TNF in directing the differentiation of diverse pre-OC populations derived from human peripheral blood. METHODS Flow cytometric cell sorting and analysis was used to assess the potential of myeloid populations to differentiate into OCs. Transcriptomic, epigenetic analysis, receptor expression and inhibitor experiments were used to unravel RANK-L and TNF signalling hierarchy. RESULTS TNF can act as a critical homoeostatic regulator of CD14+ monocyte (MO) differentiation into OCs by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis to favour macrophage development. In contrast, a distinct previously unidentified CD14-CD16-CD11c+ myeloid pre-OC population was exempt from this negative regulation. In healthy CD14+ MOs, TNF drove epigenetic modification of the RANK promoter via a TNFR1-IKKβ-dependent pathway and halted osteoclastogenesis. In a subset of patients with RA, CD14+ MOs exhibited an altered epigenetic state that resulted in dysregulated TNF-mediated OC homoeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These findings fundamentally re-define the relationship between RANK-L and TNF. Moreover, they have identified a novel pool of human circulating non-MO OC precursors that unlike MOs are epigenetically preconditioned to ignore TNF-mediated signalling. In RA, this epigenetic preconditioning occurs in the MO compartment providing a pathological consequence of failure of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ansalone
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Cole
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sabarinadh Chilaka
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Flavia Sunzini
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shatakshi Sood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jamie Robertson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng Z, Hu W, Ai H, Chen Y, Dong S. The Dramatic Role of IFN Family in Aberrant Inflammatory Osteolysis. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:112-129. [PMID: 33245272 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666201127114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal system has been considered a highly dynamic system, in which bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts go through a continuous remodeling cycle to maintain homeostasis of bone matrix. It has been well acknowledged that interferons (IFNs), acting as a subgroup of cytokines, not only have crucial effects on regulating immunology but also could modulate the dynamic balance of bone matrix. In the light of different isoforms, IFNs have been divided into three major categories in terms of amino acid sequences, recognition of specific receptors and biological activities. Currently, type I IFNs consist of a multi-gene family with several subtypes, of which IFN-α exerts pro-osteoblastogenic effects to activate osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast fusion to maintain bone matrix integrity. Meanwhile, IFN-β suppresses osteoblast-mediated bone remodeling as well as exhibits inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation to attenuate bone resorption. Type II IFN constitutes the only type, IFN-γ, which exerts regulatory effects on osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation by biphasic ways. Interestingly, type III IFNs are regarded as new members of IFN family composed of four members, including IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ2 (IL-28A), IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) and IFN-λ4, which have been certified to participate in bone destruction. However, the direct regulatory mechanisms underlying how type III IFNs modulate the metabolic balance of bone matrix, remains poorly elucidated. In this review, we have summarized functions of IFN family during physiological and pathological conditions and described the mechanisms by which IFNs maintain bone matrix homeostasis via affecting the osteoclast-osteoblast crosstalk. In addition, the potential therapeutic effects of IFNs on inflammatory bone destruction diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and infectious bone diseases are also well displayed, which are based on the predominant role of IFNs in modulating the dynamic equilibrium of bone matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Deng
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongbo Ai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of emodin on inflammatory bowel disease-related osteoporosis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:221874. [PMID: 31934719 PMCID: PMC6992925 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to bone loss. Emodin can influence the activity and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, few studies have shown the effects of emodin on IBD-induced bone damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of emodin in IBD-induced osteoporosis in an animal model. An IBD model in Sprague Dawley male rats was established by administering 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water. Emodin was administered orally (30 mg/kg body weight) every other day starting in the third week for 9 weeks. Blood, colon and bone samples were obtained for biomarker assays and histological analysis. Bone biomechanical properties, microCT, metabolic biomarkers and bone histological changes were analyzed. The bone mass was significantly decreased, and the bone biomechanical properties and bone microstructure parameters of IBD rats were significantly worse than those of control rats (P<0.05). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining also showed that the number of osteoclasts in bone in IBD rats were larger than that in bone in control rats. Emodin intervention abolished the changes in bone microstructure and biomechanical properties (P<0.05) induced by IBD. Osteoclast formation and serum C-terminal cross-linked peptide (CTX) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also inhibited by emodin (P<0.05). Emodin significantly abolished IBD-enhanced Traf6, NFATC1 and c-fos expression. Our data demonstrated that emodin suppresses IBD-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast formation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sieberath A, Della Bella E, Ferreira AM, Gentile P, Eglin D, Dalgarno K. A Comparison of Osteoblast and Osteoclast In Vitro Co-Culture Models and Their Translation for Preclinical Drug Testing Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E912. [PMID: 32019244 PMCID: PMC7037207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population of western societies on average ages, the number of people affected by bone remodeling-associated diseases such as osteoporosis continues to increase. The development of new therapeutics is hampered by the high failure rates of drug candidates during clinical testing, which is in part due to the poor predictive character of animal models during preclinical drug testing. Co-culture models of osteoblasts and osteoclasts offer an alternative to animal testing and are considered to have the potential to improve drug development processes in the future. However, a robust, scalable, and reproducible 3D model combining osteoblasts and osteoclasts for preclinical drug testing purposes has not been developed to date. Here we review various types of osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture models and outline the remaining obstacles that must be overcome for their successful translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sieberath
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.S.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (D.E.)
| | - Ana Marina Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.S.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.S.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - David Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (D.E.)
| | - Kenny Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.S.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lima TB, Santos LAA, Nunes HRDC, Silva GF, Caramori CA, Qi X, Romeiro FG. Safety and efficacy of risedronate for patients with esophageal varices and liver cirrhosis: a non-randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18958. [PMID: 31831865 PMCID: PMC6908659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of osteoporosis in liver cirrhosis, the indication of bisphosphonates for patients with esophageal varices has been avoided due to risk of digestive mucosal damage. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of risedronate treatment for patients with osteoporosis, liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices with low risk of bleeding. A total of 120 patients were allocated into two groups according to their bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the intervention group, 57 subjects with osteoporosis received oral risedronate at 35 mg weekly plus daily calcium and vitamin D supplementation. In the control group, 63 subjects with osteopenia received only calcium and vitamin D. The groups received the treatment for one year and underwent surveillance endoscopies at six and 12 months, as well as a control dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry after a 12-month follow-up. The study received Institutional Review Board approval. The groups had not only comparable Model for End-stage Liver Disease score and esophageal varices degree, but also similar incidence of digestive adverse effects. A significant improvement was achieved in the intervention group in the lumbar spine T score (p < 0.001). The results suggest that risedronate may be safely used in liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices with low bleeding risk under endoscopic surveillance, thus allowing bone mass recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talles Bazeia Lima
- Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Division - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Alves Amaral Santos
- Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Division - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Division - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Caramori
- Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Division - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xingshun Qi
- General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Liaoning, Sheng, China
| | - Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Division - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Plasma deposited poly-oxazoline nanotextured surfaces dictate osteoimmunomodulation towards ameliorative osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:568-581. [PMID: 31271882 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing "osteoimmune-smart" bone substitute materials have become the forefront of research in bone regeneration. Biocompatible polymer coatings are applied widely to improve the bioactivity of bone substitute materials. In this context, polyoxazolines (Pox) have attracted substantial attention recently due to properties such as biocompatibility, stability, and low biofouling. In view of these useful properties, it is interesting to explore the capacity of Pox as an osteoimmunomodulatory agent to generate a favorable osteoimmune environment for osteogenesis. We applied a technique called plasma polymerization and succeeded in preparing Pox-like coatings (Ppox) and engineered their nanotopography at the nanoscale. We found that Ppox switched macrophages towards M2 extreme, thus inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines. The underlying mechanism may be related to the suppression of TLR pathway. The generated osteoimmune environment improved osteogenesis while inhibited osteoclastogenesis. This may be related to the release of osteogenic factors, especially Wnt10b from macrophages. The addition of nanotopography (16 nm, 38 nm, 68 nm) can tune the Ppox-mediated inhibition on inflammation and osteoclastic activities, while no significant effects were observed within the tested nano sizes on the Ppox-mediated osteogenesis. These results collectively suggest that Ppox can be useful as an effective osteoiumunomodulatory agent to endow bone substitute materials with favourable osteoimmunomodulatory property. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we succeeded in preparing plasma deposited Pox-like nano-coatings (Ppox) via plasma polymerization and found that Ppox nanotopographies are useful osteoimmunomodulatory tools. Their osteoimmunodolatory effects and underlying mechanisms are unveiled. It is the first investigation into the feasibility of applying poly-oxazoline as an osteoimmunomodulatory agent. This expand the application of poly-oxazoline into the forefront in bone regeneration area for the development of advanced "osteoimmune-smart" bone substitute materials.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu J, Canalis E. The Hajdu Cheney mutation sensitizes mice to the osteolytic actions of tumor necrosis factor α. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14203-14214. [PMID: 31371452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hajdu Cheney syndrome (HCS) is characterized by craniofacial developmental abnormalities, acro-osteolysis, and osteoporosis and is associated with gain-of-NOTCH2 function mutations. A mouse model of HCS termed Notch2tm1.1Ecan harboring a mutation in exon 34 of Notch2 replicating the one found in HCS was used to determine whether the HCS mutation sensitizes the skeleton to the osteolytic effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). TNFα injected over the calvarial vault caused a greater increase in osteoclast number, osteoclast surface, and eroded surface in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice compared with littermate WT controls. Accordingly, the effect of TNFα on osteoclastogenesis was greatly enhanced in cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice when compared with the activity of TNFα in control cultures. TNFα induced the expression of Notch2 and Notch2 mutant mRNA by ∼2-fold, possibly amplifying the NOTCH2-dependent induction of osteoclastogenesis. The effect of TNFα on osteoclastogenesis in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants depended on NOTCH2 activation because it was reversed by anti-NOTCH2 negative regulatory region and anti-jagged 1 antibodies. The inactivation of Hes1 prevented the TNFα effect on osteoclastogenesis in the context of the Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutation. In addition, the induction of Il1b, but not of Tnfa and Il6, mRNA by TNFα was greater in Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs than in control cells, possibly contributing to the actions of TNFα and NOTCH2 on osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, the HCS mutation enhances TNFα-induced osteoclastogenesis and the inflammatory bone-resorptive response possibly explaining the acro-osteolysis observed in affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 .,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steffen U, Schett G, Bozec A. How Autoantibodies Regulate Osteoclast Induced Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1483. [PMID: 31333647 PMCID: PMC6619397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by autoimmunity that triggers joint inflammation and tissue destruction. Traditional concepts of RA pathogenesis have strongly been focused on inflammation. However, more recent evidence suggests that autoimmunity per se modulates the disease and in particular bone destruction during the course of RA. RA-associated bone loss is caused by increased osteoclast differentiation and activity leading to rapid bone resorption. Autoimmunity in RA is based on autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA). These autoantibodies exert effector functions on immune cells and on bone resorbing osteoclasts, thereby facilitating bone loss. This review summarizes potential pathways involved in increased destruction of bone tissue in RA, particularly focusing on the direct and indirect actions of autoantibodies on osteoclast generation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang J, Tang R, Yi J, Chen Y, Li X, Yu T, Fei J. Diallyl disulfide alleviates inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB-NFATc1 signal pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:7261-7273. [PMID: 30857415 PMCID: PMC6554198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802172r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal homeostasis is closely effectuated by the regulation of bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoclasts are multinuclear giant cells responsible for bone resorption. Overactivated osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption result in various lytic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, periprosthetic infection, and inflammatory aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants. In consideration of the severe side effects caused by the currently available drugs, exploitation of novel drugs has gradually attracted attention. Because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor capacities, diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major oil-soluble organosulfur ingredient compound derived from garlic, has been widely researched. However, the effects of DADS on osteoclasts and lytic bone diseases are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of DADS on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)- and LPS-mediated osteoclastogenesis, LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines related to osteoclasts, and LPS-induced inflammatory osteolysis. The results showed that DADS significantly inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation, fusion, and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner via inhibiting the NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and restraining the interaction of NF-κB p65 with nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. Furthermore, DADS also markedly suppressed LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines with LPS stimulation to indirectly mediate osteoclast formation. Consistent with the in vitro results, DADS prevented the LPS-induced severe bone loss by blocking the osteoclastogenesis. All of the results indicate that DADS may be a potential and exploitable drug used for preventing and impeding osteolytic lesions.-Yang, J., Tang, R., Yi, J., Chen, Y., Li, X., Yu, T., Fei, J. Diallyl disulfide alleviates inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB-NFATc1 signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruohui Tang
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yi
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Xianghe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Jun Fei
- Center of Trauma, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ge X, Chen Z, Xu Z, Lv F, Zhang K, Yang Y. The effects of dihydroartemisinin on inflammatory bowel disease-related bone loss in a rat model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:715-724. [PMID: 29763384 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218769420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is one of the important extra-intestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Compounds derived from natural products have been used to treat IBDs. However, the role of natural products on IBD-induced bone loss is not completely clarified. In the present study, we observed the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an antimalaria drug, on IBD and IBD-induced bone loss in a rat model. Chronic IBD model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by giving them 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. DHA was given by intraperitoneal injection. Blood, colon, and bone samples were collected for biomarker assay and histological analysis. There was an obvious increase in tumor necrotic factor (TNF) α and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand (RANKL), and decrease in procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) level in IBD groups compared with the normal control (p < 0.05). The disease activity score of IBD rats was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.01). Obvious decrease in disease activity score, TNFα, and RANKL level and increase in P1NP were observed in DHA-treated IBD rats. Bone loss, shown as the decrease in bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular number and increase in trabecular separation were observed in IBD rats compared with control (p < 0.01). DHA treatment obviously abolished the bone loss, in particular in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). DHA treatment also inhibited the excessive osteoclast formation; RANKL protein expression; and RANK, TRAF6, Fra-1, NFATc1 mRNA expression induced by IBD. Our data indicated that DHA may be a potential therapeutic agent for IBD and IBD-induced bone loss. Impact statement Bone loss is one of the important extra-intestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Studies have shown that compounds derived from natural products are useful in the treatment of IBDs. However, few studies have investigated the role of compounds derived from natural products in treatment of osteoporosis in IBDs. The current study aimed to show the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), antimalaria drug, on bone loss in a rat model of IBD. The findings showed that DHA intervention dose dependently protected against bone loss in IBD rats by inhibiting tumor necrotic factor α production and osteoclast formation. These findings highlights that DHA may be beneficial for bone health in those patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Ge
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao city 276800, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenjie Xu
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Fang Lv
- 4 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- 5 Department of Nephrology, Fuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yu Yang
- 6 Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G. Physical Activity and Bone Health: What Is the Role of Immune System? A Narrative Review of the Third Way. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30792697 PMCID: PMC6374307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue can be seen as a physiological hub of several stimuli of different origin (e.g., dietary, endocrine, nervous, immune, skeletal muscle traction, biomechanical load). Their integration, at the bone level, results in: (i) changes in mineral and protein composition and microarchitecture and, consequently, in shape and strength; (ii) modulation of calcium and phosphorous release into the bloodstream, (iii) expression and release of hormones and mediators able to communicate the current bone status to the rest of the body. Different stimuli are able to act on either one or, as usual, more levels. Physical activity is the key stimulus for bone metabolism acting in two ways: through the biomechanical load which resolves into a direct stimulation of the segment(s) involved and through an indirect load mediated by muscle traction onto the bone, which is the main physiological stimulus for bone formation, and the endocrine stimulation which causes homeostatic adaptation. The third way, in which physical activity is able to modify bone functions, passes through the immune system. It is known that immune function is modulated by physical activity; however, two recent insights have shed new light on this modulation. The first relies on the discovery of inflammasomes, receptors/sensors of the innate immunity that regulate caspase-1 activation and are, hence, the tissue triggers of inflammation in response to infections and/or stressors. The second relies on the ability of certain tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, to synthesize and secrete mediators (namely, myokines and adipokines) able to affect, profoundly, the immune function. Physical activity is known to act on both these mechanisms and, hence, its effects on bone are also mediated by the immune system activation. Indeed, that immune system and bone are tightly connected and inflammation is pivotal in determining the bone metabolic status is well-known. The aim of this narrative review is to give a complete view of the exercise-dependent immune system-mediated effects on bone metabolism and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Updates on Osteoimmunology: What's New on the Cross-Talk Between Bone and Immune System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:236. [PMID: 31057482 PMCID: PMC6482259 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term osteoimmunology was coined many years ago to describe the research field that deals with the cross-regulation between bone cells and the immune system. As a matter of fact, many factors that are classically considered immune-related, such as InterLeukins (i.e., IL-6, -11, -17, and -23), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Receptor-Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa B (RANK), and its Ligand (RANKL), Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell, cytoplasmatic-1 (NFATc1), and others have all been found to be crucial in osteoclast and osteoblast biology. Conversely, bone cells, which we used to think would only regulate each other and take care of remodeling bone, actually regulate immune cells, by creating the so-called "endosteal niche." Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts participate to this niche, either by favoring engraftment, or mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs). In this review, we will describe the main milestones at the base of the osteoimmunology and present the key cellular players of the bone-immune system cross-talk, including HSCs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone marrow macrophages, osteomacs, T- and B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. We will also briefly describe some pathological conditions in which the bone-immune system cross-talk plays a crucial role, with the final aim to portray the state of the art in the mechanisms regulating the bone-immune system interplay, and some of the latest molecular players in the field. This is important to encourage investigation in this field, to identify new targets in the treatment of bone and immune diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Aiken A, Saw S, Weiss A, Fang H, Khokha R. TIMP Loss Activates Metalloproteinase-TNFα-DKK1 Axis To Compromise Wnt Signaling and Bone Mass. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:182-194. [PMID: 30216540 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated proteolysis invariably underlies most human diseases including bone pathologies. Metalloproteinases constitute the largest of the five protease families, and the metzincin metalloproteinases are inhibited by the four tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase called TIMPs. We hypothesized that Timp genes are essential for skeletal homeostasis. We bred individual Timp knockout mice to generate unique mouse models, the quadruple Timp null strain (QT) as well as mice harboring only a single Timp3 allele (QT3+/- ). QT mice are grossly smaller and exhibit a dramatic reduction of trabeculae in long bones by μCT imaging with a corresponding increase in metalloproteinase activity. At the cellular level, Timp deficiency compromised differentiation markers, matrix deposition and mineralization in neonatal osteoblasts from calvariae, as well as the fibroblastic colony-forming unit (CFU-F) capacity of bone marrow-derived stromal cells. In contrast, we observed that osteoclasts were overactive in the Timp null state, consistent with the noted excessive bone resorption of QT bones. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses of bone sections revealed higher Cathepsin K and RANKL signals upon Timp loss. Seeking the molecular mechanism, we identified abnormal TNFα bioactivity to be a central event in Timp-deficient mice. Specifically, TNFα triggered induction of the Wnt signaling inhibitor Dkk1 in the osteoblasts at the mRNA and protein levels, with a simultaneous increase in RANKL. Neutralizing TNFα antibody was capable of rescuing the induction of Dkk1 as well as RANKL. Therefore, the generation of novel Timp-deficient systems allowed us to uncover the essential and collective function of TIMP proteins in mammalian long-bone homeostasis. Moreover, our study discovers a functional TIMP/metalloproteinase-TNFα-Dkk1/RANKL nexus for optimal control of the bone microenvironment, which dictates coexistence of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineages. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison Aiken
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjay Saw
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashley Weiss
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Heni H, Ebner JK, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Orth JHC. Involvement of Osteocytes in the Action of Pasteurella multocida Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080328. [PMID: 30104531 PMCID: PMC6115833 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. It has been reported that the toxin deamidates and activates heterotrimeric G proteins, resulting in increased differentiation of osteoclasts and blockade of osteoblast differentiation. So far, the action of PMT on osteocytes, which is the most abundant cell type in bone tissue, is not known. In MLO-Y4 osteocytes, PMT deamidated heterotrimeric G proteins, resulting in loss of osteocyte dendritic processes, stress fiber formation, cell spreading and activation of RhoC but not of RhoA. Moreover, the toxin caused processing of membrane-bound receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) to release soluble RANKL and enhanced the secretion of osteoclastogenic TNF-α. In a co-culture model of osteocytes and bone marrow cells, PMT-induced osteoclastogenesis was largely increased as compared to the mono-culture model. The enhancement of osteoclastogenesis observed in the co-culture was blocked by sequestering RANKL with osteoprotegerin and by an antibody against TNF-α indicating involvement of release of the osteoclastogenic factors from osteocytes. Data support the crucial role of osteocytes in bone metabolism and osteoclastogenesis and identify osteocytes as important target cells of PMT in progressive atrophic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Heni
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julia K Ebner
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim H C Orth
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kwon OC, Kim S, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Chang EJ, Kim YG. Role of IL-32 Gamma on Bone Metabolism in Autoimmune Arthritis. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e20. [PMID: 29984038 PMCID: PMC6026691 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine by inducing the synthesis of inflammatory molecules as well as promoting the morphological changes involved in the transformation of monocytes into osteoclasts (OCs). Evaluation of the functions of IL-32 has mainly focused on its inflammatory properties, such as involvement in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Recently, IL-32 was shown to be involved in bone metabolism, in which it promotes the differentiation and activation of OCs and plays a key role in bone resorption in inflammatory conditions. IL-32γ also regulates bone formation in conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize the results of recent studies on the role of IL-32γ in bone metabolism in inflammatory arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05066, Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kos O, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Heumann D, Khatri I, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Yu K, Zähringer U, Gorczynski RM. Regulation of fetal hemoglobin expression during hematopoietic stem cell development and its importance in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:112-120. [PMID: 29477972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that an altered tissue redox environment in mice lacking either murine beta Hemoglobin major (HgbβmaKO) or minor (HgbβmiKO) regulates inflammation. The REDOX environment in marrow stem cell niches also control differentiation pathways. We investigated osteoclastogenesis (OC)/osteoblastogenesis (OB), in bone cultures derived from untreated or FSLE-treated WT, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO mice. Marrow mesenchymal cells from 10d pre-cultures were incubated on an osteogenic matrix for 21d prior to analysis of inflammatory cytokine release into culture supernatants, and relative OC:OB using (TRAP:BSP, RANKL:OPG) mRNA expression ratios and TRAP or Von Kossa staining. Cells from WT and HgbβmaKO mice show decreased IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 production and enhanced osteoblastogenesis with altered mRNA expression ratios and increased bone nodules (Von Kossa staining) in vitro after in vivo stimulation of mRNA expression of fetal Hgb genes (Hgbε and Hgbβmi) by a fetal liver extract (FSLE). Marrow from HgbβmiKO showed enhanced cytokine release and preferential enhanced osteoclastogenesis relative to similar cells from WT or HgbβmaKO mice, with no increased osteoblastogenesis after mouse treatment with FSLE. Pre-treatment of WT or HgbβmaKO, but not HgbβmiKO mice, with other molecules (rapamycin; hydroxyurea) which increase expression of fetal Hgb genes also augmented osteoblastogenesis and decreased cytokine production in cells differentiating in vitro. Infusion of rabbit anti- Hgbε or anti- Hgbβmi, but not anti-Hgbα or anti- Hgbβma into WT mice from day 13 gestation for 3 weeks led to attenuated osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. We conclude that increased fetal hemoglobin expression, or use of agents which improve fetal hemoglobin expression, increases osteoblast bone differentiation in association with decreased inflammatory cytokine release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Heumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - T Waelli
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - K Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zähringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Amarasekara DS, Yun H, Kim S, Lee N, Kim H, Rho J. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e8. [PMID: 29503739 PMCID: PMC5833125 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs), the sole bone resorbing cells, are regulated by numerous cytokines. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand play a central role in OC differentiation, which is also termed osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-34, promote OC differentiation, whereas anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-27, and IL-33, downregulate OC differentiation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines is important in maintaining the balance between bone-resorbing OCs and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs), which eventually affects bone integrity. This review outlines the osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic properties of cytokines with regard to osteoimmunology, and summarizes our current understanding of the roles these cytokines play in osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nari Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Raloxifene reduces the risk of local alveolar bone destruction in a mouse model of periodontitis combined with systemic postmenopausal osteoporosis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:98-103. [PMID: 29035723 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is characterized by local inflammation leading to tooth loss and severe destruction of alveolar bone. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that halts estrogen deficiency-induced systemic bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis without the side effects of cancer in breast and uterus. In this study, we examined the effects of raloxifene on alveolar bone mass in a mouse model with estrogen deficiency-induced periodontitis. METHODS Periodontitis was induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the lower gingiva in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, and the alveolar bone and femur bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To explore the direct osteoclast inhibitory effect of raloxifene, a co-culture system for osteoclast formation and organ culture of alveolar bone was established. RESULTS When OVX mice were treated with raloxifene, the bone loss in both alveolar bone and femur were abrogated. Interleukin 1 and/or LPS stimulated the osteoclast formation and bone-resorbing activity; however, raloxifene did not show any inhibitory effect on the osteoclast formation or function. In vivo local injection of raloxifene also did not prevent bone resorption in a mouse model of periodontitis. However, the systemic treatment of raloxifene using a mini-osmotic pump did prevent the loss of BMD of alveolar bone induced by LPS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the SERM raloxifene systemically maintain alveolar bone mass in a mouse model of periodontitis with osteoporosis. Increasing the alveolar bone mass by SERMs treatment in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis may be a useful approach to preventing the destruction of alveolar bone in late-onset periodontitis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Melough MM, Sun X, Chun OK. The Role of AOPP in Age-Related Bone Loss and the Potential Benefits of Berry Anthocyanins. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070789. [PMID: 28737666 PMCID: PMC5537903 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is a major factor in osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures among the elderly. Because bone homeostasis involves a balance between bone formation and resorption, multiple mechanisms may induce age-dependent changes in bone. Oxidative stress is one such factor that contributes to the pathology of aging-associated osteoporosis (AAO). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) are a biomarker of oxidant-mediated protein damage, and can also act to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby perpetuating oxidative damage. AOPP is a relatively novel marker of oxidative stress, and its role in bone aging has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it has been theorized that dietary antioxidants may decrease AOPP levels, thereby reducing AAO risk, but a limited number of studies have been specifically targeted at addressing this hypothesis. Therefore, the objective of this review is to examine the findings of existing research on the role of AOPP in age-related bone loss, and the potential use of dietary antioxidants to mitigate the effects of AAOP on age-related bone loss. Cross-sectional studies have delivered mixed results, showing that AOPP levels are inconsistently associated with bone loss and aging. However, in vitro studies have documented multiple mechanisms by which AOPP may lead to bone loss, including upregulation of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways as well as increasing expression of sclerostin and of receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). Studies also indicate that antioxidants—especially berry anthocyanins—may be an effective dietary agent to prevent aging-associated bone deterioration by inhibiting the formation of AOPP and ROS. However, the understanding of these pathways in AAO has largely been based on in vitro studies, and should be examined in further animal and human studies in order to inform recommendations regarding dietary anthocyanin use for the prevention of AAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Melough
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Metzger CE, Narayanan A, Zawieja DC, Bloomfield SA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Rodent Model Alters Osteocyte Protein Levels Controlling Bone Turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:802-813. [PMID: 27796050 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss is a common comorbidity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to elevated fracture risk in these patients. Inflammatory factors associated with IBD cause increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation with multiple factors implicated as instigators of these alterations. In this project, we examined the influence of IBD on osteocyte proteins in male rats (2 months old) divided into two groups: induced gut inflammation via 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) enema, and vehicle control. We examined the prevalence of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), the anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), osteoclastogenesis regulators RANKL and OPG, and the bone formation inhibitor sclerostin in osteocytes in three bone compartments 4 weeks after initiation of gut inflammation. Histomorphometry of the proximal tibia and fourth lumbar vertebra revealed lower bone volume, lower bone formation rate (BFR), lower osteoid surface (OS), and higher osteoclast surface (Oc.S) with TNBS. Tibial mid-shaft periosteal BFR was also lower with TNBS. Immunohistochemical staining of the distal femur demonstrated that %TNF-α+ , %IL-6+ , %RANKL+ , and %OPG+ osteocytes were elevated in cancellous bone in TNBS animals compared to vehicle. These changes were coincident with increased bone resorption. With regression analysis, %RANKL+ osteocytes statistically predicted the increase in cancellous Oc.S (R2 = 0.565). Increased %sclerostin+ osteocytes observed in the TNBS treatment predicted declines in cancellous OS (R2 = 0.581) as well as BFR in cancellous and cortical bone (R2 = 0.674, R2 = 0.908, respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, %IGF-I+ osteocytes increased in TNBS animals. In conclusion, the IBD model produced a systemic inflammation that altered the regulatory protein profile in osteocytes that control bone resorption and bone formation, likely contributing to IBD-induced bone loss. These data highlight a potential mechanistic role of osteocytes in inflammatory bone loss associated with IBD and systemic inflammation. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.,Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kanzaki H, Makihira S, Suzuki M, Ishii T, Movila A, Hirschfeld J, Mawardi H, Lin X, Han X, Taubman MA, Kawai T. Soluble RANKL Cleaved from Activated Lymphocytes by TNF-α-Converting Enzyme Contributes to Osteoclastogenesis in Periodontitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3871-3883. [PMID: 27815441 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Host immune responses play a key role in promoting bone resorption in periodontitis via receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclastogenesis. Both membrane-bound RANKL (mRANKL) expressed on lymphocytes and soluble RANKL (sRANKL) are found in periodontal lesions. However, the underlying mechanism and cellular source of sRANKL release and its biological role in periodontitis are unclear. TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) is reported to cleave the following: 1) precursor TNF-α with release of mature, soluble TNF-α and 2) mRANKL with release of sRANKL. Both soluble TNF-α and sRANKL are found in the periodontitis lesion, leading to the hypothesis that TACE expressed on lymphocytes is engaged in RANKL shedding and that the resulting sRANKL induces osteoclastogenesis. In the current study, upon stimulating PBLs with mitogens in vitro, RANKL expression, sRANKL secretion, and TACE expression were all upregulated. Among the four putative mRANKL sheddases examined in neutralization assays, TACE was the only functional sheddase able to cleave mRANKL expressed on PBL. Moreover, PBL culture supernatant stimulated with mitogens in the presence of anti-TACE Ab or anti-RANKL Ab showed a marked reduction of osteoclastogenesis from osteoclast precursors, indicating that TACE-mediated sRANKL may possess sufficient osteoclastogenic activity. According to double-color confocal microscopy, B cells expressed a more pronounced level of RANKL and TACE expression than T cells or monocytes in periodontally diseased gingiva. Conditioned medium of patients' gingival lymphocyte culture increased in vitro osteoclastogenic activity, which was suppressed by the addition of anti-TACE Ab and anti-RANKL Ab. Therefore, TACE-mediated cleavage of sRANKL from activated lymphocytes, especially B cells, can promote osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Seicho Makihira
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maiko Suzuki
- College of Dentistry Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Hani Mawardi
- Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Science, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah 21481, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Martin A Taubman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wood MB, Rios D, Williams IR. TNF-α augments RANKL-dependent intestinal M cell differentiation in enteroid cultures. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C498-507. [PMID: 27413168 PMCID: PMC5129760 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00108.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfold (M) cells are phagocytic intestinal epithelial cells in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches that transport particulate antigens from the gut lumen into the subepithelial dome. Differentiation of M cells from epithelial stem cells in intestinal crypts requires the cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and the transcription factor Spi-B. We used three-dimensional enteroid cultures established with small intestinal crypts from mice as a model system to investigate signaling pathways involved in M cell differentiation and the influence of other cytokines on RANKL-induced M cell differentiation. Addition of RANKL to enteroids induced expression of multiple M cell-associated genes, including Spib, Ccl9 [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9], Tnfaip2 (TNF-α-induced protein 2), Anxa5 (annexin A5), and Marcksl1 (myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate) in 1 day. The mature M cell marker glycoprotein 2 (Gp2) was strongly induced by 3 days and expressed by 11% of cells in enteroids. The noncanonical NF-κB pathway was required for RANKL-induced M cell differentiation in enteroids, as addition of RANKL to enteroids from mice with a null mutation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (Map3k14) gene encoding NF-κB-inducing kinase failed to induce M cell-associated genes. While the cytokine TNF-α alone had little, if any, effect on expression of M cell-associated genes, addition of TNF-α to RANKL consistently resulted in three- to sixfold higher levels of multiple M cell-associated genes than RANKL alone. One contributing mechanism is the rapid induction by TNF-α of Relb and Nfkb2 (NF-κB subunit 2), genes encoding the two subunits of the noncanonical NF-κB heterodimer. We conclude that endogenous activators of canonical NF-κB signaling present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue microenvironment, including TNF-α, can play a supportive role in the RANKL-dependent differentiation of M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Wood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel Rios
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ifor R Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The roles of interferons in osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:276-81. [PMID: 26832190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play essential roles in regulating osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Over the last decade, we have seen tremendous developments in our understanding of the mechanisms by which interferons regulate osteoclastogenesis. Of the type I interferons, IFN-β inhibits osteoclastogenesis via autoregulatory or exogenous regulatory mechanisms, while IFN-α was recently shown to participate in regulating osteoclast formation. And the only member of type II interferons, IFN-γ, has biphasic effects on osteoclastogenesis. Type III interferons have also been shown to be involved in osteoclast bone resorption, although no direct regulatory mechanism has been demonstrated. In this review, we provide an update account of the current knowledge on these recently revealed novel roles of interferons in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways in osteoclast differentiation and function. The potential clinical applications are also discussed.
Collapse
|
39
|
The Modulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Osteoclastogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1908365. [PMID: 26823668 PMCID: PMC4707367 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1908365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on bone formation has been extensively demonstrated through several in vitro and in vivo studies. However, few studies addressed the effect of MSCs on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Under physiological conditions, MSCs support osteoclastogenesis through producing the main osteoclastogenic cytokines, RANKL and M-CSF. However, during inflammation, MSCs suppress osteoclast formation and activity, partly via secretion of the key anti-osteoclastogenic factor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). In vitro, co-culture of MSCs with osteoclasts in the presence of high concentrations of osteoclast-inducing factors might reflect the in vivo inflammatory pathology and prompt MSCs to exert an osteoclastogenic suppressive effect. MSCs thus seem to have a dual effect, by stimulating or inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, depending on the inflammatory milieu. This effect of MSCs on osteoclast formation seems to mirror the effect of MSCs on other immune cells, and may be exploited for the therapeutic potential of MSCs in bone loss associated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
40
|
Algate K, Haynes DR, Bartold PM, Crotti TN, Cantley MD. The effects of tumour necrosis factor-α on bone cells involved in periodontal alveolar bone loss; osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:549-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Algate
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - D. R. Haynes
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - P. M. Bartold
- School of Dentistry; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - T. N. Crotti
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - M. D. Cantley
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Myeloma Research Laboratory; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Manara M, Sinigaglia L. Bone and TNF in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical implications. RMD Open 2015; 1:e000065. [PMID: 26557382 PMCID: PMC4632149 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data have demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) plays a significant role in systemic and local bone loss related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In clinical studies on patients with RA, treatment with TNF inhibitors was able to arrest systemic bone loss assessed by bone mineral density and bone turnover markers, but there is scarce evidence of a clinically meaningful effect of TNF inhibition in preventing fractures. TNF inhibitors showed a higher efficacy in reducing radiographic progression related to the disease compared to methotrexate in randomised clinical trials. Data from observational studies seem to confirm the effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy in reducing joint damage evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manara
- Department of Rheumatology , Gaetano Pini Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Luigi Sinigaglia
- Department of Rheumatology , Gaetano Pini Institute , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhai ZJ, Li HW, Liu GW, Qu XH, Tian B, Yan W, Lin Z, Tang TT, Qin A, Dai KR. Andrographolide suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents inflammatory bone loss in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:663-75. [PMID: 24125472 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoclasts play a pivotal role in diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and tumour bone metastasis. Thus, searching for natural compounds that may suppress osteoclast formation and/or function is promising for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases. Here, we examined changes in osteoclastogenesis and LPS-induced osteolysis in response to andrographolide (AP), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the traditional Chinese and Indian medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of AP on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were measured in vitro. Western blots and RT-PCR techniques were used to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The bone protective activity of AP in vivo was assessed in a mouse model of osteolysis. KEY RESULTS AP concentration-dependently suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptors and cathepsin K. Further molecular analysis revealed that AP impaired RANKL-induced NF-κB signalling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1, suppressing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and subsequently preventing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. AP also inhibited the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway without affecting p38 or JNK signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AP suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through attenuating NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signalling pathways in vitro, thus preventing bone loss in vivo. These data indicated that AP is a promising natural compound for the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z J Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cytokine-mediated bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:263625. [PMID: 25295284 PMCID: PMC4176903 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis, which involves formation and resorption, is an important process for maintaining adequate bone mass in humans. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and bone loss, leading to joint destruction and deformity, and is a representative disease of disrupted bone homeostasis. The bone loss and joint destruction are mediated by immunological insults by proinflammatory cytokines and various immune cells. The connection between bone and immunity has been intensely studied and comprises the emerging field of osteoimmunology. Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary science investigating the interplay between the skeletal and the immune systems. The main contributors in osteoimmunology are the bone effector cells, such as osteoclasts or osteoblasts, and the immune cells, particularly lymphocytes and monocytes. Physiologically, osteoclasts originate from immune cells, and immune cells regulate osteoblasts and vice versa. Pathological conditions such as RA might affect these interactions, thereby altering bone homeostasis, resulting in the unfavorable outcome of bone destruction. In this review, we describe the osteoclastogenic roles of the proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells that are important in the pathophysiology of RA.
Collapse
|
44
|
Osta B, Benedetti G, Miossec P. Classical and Paradoxical Effects of TNF-α on Bone Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:48. [PMID: 24592264 PMCID: PMC3923157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an essential role in the regulation of bone homeostasis in several chronic immune and inflammatory joint diseases, where inhibition of TNF has led to significant clinical improvement. However, TNF-activated pathways and mechanisms involved in bone remodeling remain unclear. So far, TNF-α was known as an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation and an activator of osteoclastogenesis. Recent contradictory findings indicated that TNF-α can also activate osteoblastogenesis. The paradoxical role of TNF-α in bone homeostasis seems to depend on the concentration and the differentiation state of the cell type used as well as on the exposure time. This review aims to summarize the recent contradictory findings on the regulation of bone homeostasis by TNF-α at the isolated cell, whole bone, and whole body levels. In addition, the involvement of TNF-α in the bone remodeling imbalance is observed in inflammatory joint diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, which are associated with bone destruction and ectopic calcified matrix formation, respectively. Both diseases are associated with systemic/vertebral osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Osta
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Giulia Benedetti
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tumor necrosis factor stimulates osteoclastogenesis from human bone marrow cells under hypoxic conditions. Exp Cell Res 2014; 321:167-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
46
|
Baud'huin M, Duplomb L, Ruiz Velasco C, Fortun Y, Heymann D, Padrines M. Key roles of the OPG–RANK–RANKL system in bone oncology. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:221-32. [PMID: 17288531 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL) have been identified as members of a ligand-receptor system that directly regulates osteoclast differentiation and osteolysis. RANKL may be a powerful inducer of bone resorption through its interaction with RANK, and OPG is a soluble decoy receptor that acts as a strong inhibitor of osteoclastic differentiation. Any dysregulation of their respective expression leads to pathological conditions. Furthermore, recent data demonstrate that the OPG-RANK-RANKL system modulates cancer cell migration, thus controlling the development of bone metastases. This review describes the most recent knowledge on the OPG-RANK-RANKL system, its involvement in bone oncology and the new therapeutic approaches based on this molecular triad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baud'huin
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes, F-44035 France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kukita A, Kukita T. Multifunctional properties of RANKL/RANK in cell differentiation, proliferation and metastasis. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1609-22. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that there are close relationships between bone destruction and tumor growth in bone metastasis. RANKL is a central factor in bone metastasis, inducing osteoclastogenesis mediated by its receptor RANK. Recent reports demonstrate that RANKL has important roles in organogenesis stimulating proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and stroma cells. RANKL is induced not only by cytokines and hormones but also by UV-irradiation, inflammation and carcinogens. Expression of RANK and RANKL is found in several human cancer cell lines, and RANK signaling stimulates proliferation, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of cancer cells, which may be involved in metastasis via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. RANKL regulates the number of Tregs that produce RANKL, which may affect cancer metastasis. In this review we discuss the multifunctional roles of RANKL/RANK in osteoclastogenesis, organogenesis, and the metastasis and tumorigenesis of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kukita
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Karieb S, Fox SW. Suppression of T cell-induced osteoclast formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Bone effects of biologic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:945945. [PMID: 23864880 PMCID: PMC3705836 DOI: 10.1155/2013/945945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biologic agents used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are able to reduce both disease activity and radiographic progression of joint disease. These drugs are directed against several proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α , IL-6, and IL-1) which are involved both in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and progression of joint structural damage and in systemic and local bone loss typically observed in RA. However, the role of biologic drugs in preventing bone loss in clinical practice has not yet clearly assessed. Many clinical studies showed a trend to a positive effect of biologic agents in preventing systemic bone loss observed in RA. Although the suppression of inflammation is the main goal in the treatment of RA and the anti-inflammatory effects of biologic drugs exert a positive effect on bone metabolism, the exact relationship between the prevention of bone loss and control of inflammation has not been clearly established, and if the available biologic drugs against TNF α , IL-1, and IL-6 can exert their effect on systemic and local bone loss also through a direct mechanism on bone cell metabolism is still to be clearly defined.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are effective for achieving disease control in several inflammatory diseases. Although anti-TNF agents can inhibit bone loss in vitro, their role in the prevention of clinically relevant outcomes such as osteoporosis and fractures has not been clearly established. RECENT FINDINGS There are many studies of the effects of TNF inhibitors on markers of bone turnover; however, few have measured bone mineral density (BMD) or fractures. Most of these studies have small sample sizes and a minority had a placebo control group. Overall these studies suggest that the antiresorptive effects of anti-TNF therapy are related to control of disease activity. SUMMARY The antiresorptive effects of TNF inhibitors are likely related to their anti-inflammatory properties. Studies to date have not demonstrated any advantages of TNF inhibitors over traditional nonbiologic therapies in the prevention of bone loss and fractures.
Collapse
|